4 libffi-3.1 was released on TBD. Check the libffi web
5 page for updates: <URL:http://sourceware.org/libffi/>.
11 Compilers for high level languages generate code that follow certain
12 conventions. These conventions are necessary, in part, for separate
13 compilation to work. One such convention is the "calling
14 convention". The "calling convention" is essentially a set of
15 assumptions made by the compiler about where function arguments will
16 be found on entry to a function. A "calling convention" also specifies
17 where the return value for a function is found.
19 Some programs may not know at the time of compilation what arguments
20 are to be passed to a function. For instance, an interpreter may be
21 told at run-time about the number and types of arguments used to call
22 a given function. Libffi can be used in such programs to provide a
23 bridge from the interpreter program to compiled code.
25 The libffi library provides a portable, high level programming
26 interface to various calling conventions. This allows a programmer to
27 call any function specified by a call interface description at run
30 FFI stands for Foreign Function Interface. A foreign function
31 interface is the popular name for the interface that allows code
32 written in one language to call code written in another language. The
33 libffi library really only provides the lowest, machine dependent
34 layer of a fully featured foreign function interface. A layer must
35 exist above libffi that handles type conversions for values passed
36 between the two languages.
42 Libffi has been ported to many different platforms.
43 For specific configuration details and testing status, please
44 refer to the wiki page here:
46 http://www.moxielogic.org/wiki/index.php?title=Libffi_3.0.13
48 At the time of release, the following basic configurations have been
51 |-----------------+------------------+-------------------------|
52 | Architecture | Operating System | Compiler |
53 |-----------------+------------------+-------------------------|
54 | AArch64 (ARM64) | iOS | Clang |
55 | AArch64 | Linux | GCC |
56 | Alpha | Linux | GCC |
57 | Alpha | Tru64 | GCC |
61 | AVR32 | Linux | GCC |
62 | Blackfin | uClinux | GCC |
64 | IA-64 | Linux | GCC |
65 | M68K | FreeMiNT | GCC |
66 | M68K | Linux | GCC |
67 | M68K | RTEMS | GCC |
68 | M88K | OpenBSD/mvme88k | GCC |
69 | Meta | Linux | GCC |
70 | MicroBlaze | Linux | GCC |
72 | MIPS | Linux | GCC |
73 | MIPS | RTEMS | GCC |
74 | MIPS64 | Linux | GCC |
75 | Moxie | Bare metal | GCC |
76 | Nios II | Linux | GCC |
77 | PowerPC 32-bit | AIX | IBM XL C |
78 | PowerPC 64-bit | AIX | IBM XL C |
79 | PowerPC | AMIGA | GCC |
80 | PowerPC | Linux | GCC |
81 | PowerPC | Mac OSX | GCC |
82 | PowerPC | FreeBSD | GCC |
83 | PowerPC 64-bit | FreeBSD | GCC |
84 | PowerPC 64-bit | Linux ELFv1 | GCC |
85 | PowerPC 64-bit | Linux ELFv2 | GCC |
86 | S390 | Linux | GCC |
87 | S390X | Linux | GCC |
88 | SPARC | Linux | GCC |
89 | SPARC | Solaris | GCC |
90 | SPARC | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
91 | SPARC64 | Linux | GCC |
92 | SPARC64 | FreeBSD | GCC |
93 | SPARC64 | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
94 | TILE-Gx/TILEPro | Linux | GCC |
95 | VAX | OpenBSD/vax | GCC |
96 | X86 | FreeBSD | GCC |
97 | X86 | GNU HURD | GCC |
98 | X86 | Interix | GCC |
99 | X86 | kFreeBSD | GCC |
100 | X86 | Linux | GCC |
101 | X86 | Mac OSX | GCC |
102 | X86 | OpenBSD | GCC |
104 | X86 | Solaris | GCC |
105 | X86 | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
106 | X86 | Windows/Cygwin | GCC |
107 | X86 | Windows/MingW | GCC |
108 | X86-64 | FreeBSD | GCC |
109 | X86-64 | Linux | GCC |
110 | X86-64 | Linux/x32 | GCC |
111 | X86-64 | OpenBSD | GCC |
112 | X86-64 | Solaris | Oracle Solaris Studio C |
113 | X86-64 | Windows/MingW | GCC |
114 | Xtensa | Linux | GCC |
115 |-----------------+------------------+-------------------------|
117 Please send additional platform test results to
118 libffi-discuss@sourceware.org and feel free to update the wiki page
124 First you must configure the distribution for your particular
125 system. Go to the directory you wish to build libffi in and run the
126 "configure" program found in the root directory of the libffi source
129 If you're building libffi directly from version control, configure won't
130 exist yet; run ./autogen.sh first.
132 You may want to tell configure where to install the libffi library and
133 header files. To do that, use the --prefix configure switch. Libffi
134 will install under /usr/local by default.
136 If you want to enable extra run-time debugging checks use the the
137 --enable-debug configure switch. This is useful when your program dies
138 mysteriously while using libffi.
140 Another useful configure switch is --enable-purify-safety. Using this
141 will add some extra code which will suppress certain warnings when you
142 are using Purify with libffi. Only use this switch when using
143 Purify, as it will slow down the library.
145 It's also possible to build libffi on Windows platforms with
146 Microsoft's Visual C++ compiler. In this case, use the msvcc.sh
147 wrapper script during configuration like so:
149 path/to/configure CC=path/to/msvcc.sh LD=link CPP=\"cl -nologo -EP\"
151 For 64-bit Windows builds, use CC="path/to/msvcc.sh -m64".
152 You may also need to specify --build appropriately. When building with MSVC
153 under a MingW environment, you may need to remove the line in configure
154 that sets 'fix_srcfile_path' to a 'cygpath' command. ('cygpath' is not
155 present in MingW, and is not required when using MingW-style paths.)
157 For iOS builds, the 'libffi.xcodeproj' Xcode project is available.
159 Configure has many other options. Use "configure --help" to see them all.
161 Once configure has finished, type "make". Note that you must be using
162 GNU make. You can ftp GNU make from ftp.gnu.org:/pub/gnu/make .
164 To ensure that libffi is working as advertised, type "make check".
165 This will require that you have DejaGNU installed.
167 To install the library and header files, type "make install".
173 See the git log for details.
176 Archive off the manually maintained ChangeLog in favor of git log.
177 Add AArch64 (ARM64) iOS support.
179 Add m88k and DEC VAX support.
180 Add support for stdcall, thiscall, and fastcall on non-Windows 32-bit
181 x86 targets such as Linux.
182 Make the testsuite more robust: eliminated several spurious failures.
184 Fix MIPS N32 ABI bug.
185 Various x86, FreeBSD and UltraSPARC IIi fixes.
189 Add missing Moxie bits.
190 Fix stack alignment bug on 32-bit x86.
191 Build fix for m68000 targets.
192 Build fix for soft-float Power targets.
193 Fix the install dir location for some platforms when building
194 with GCC (OS X, Solaris).
195 Fix Cygwin regression.
200 Add Blackfin support.
201 Add TILE-Gx/TILEPro support.
202 Add MicroBlaze support.
204 Add support for PaX enabled kernels with MPROTECT.
205 Add support for native vendor compilers on
207 Work around LLVM/GCC interoperability issue on x86_64.
211 Add support for variadic functions (ffi_prep_cif_var).
212 Add Linux/x32 support.
213 Add thiscall, fastcall and MSVC cdecl support on Windows.
214 Add Amiga and newer MacOS support.
215 Add m68k FreeMiNT support.
216 Integration with iOS' xcode build tools.
217 Fix Octeon and MC68881 support.
218 Fix code pessimizations.
221 Add support for Apple's iOS.
222 Add support for ARM VFP ABI.
223 Add RTEMS support for MIPS and M68K.
224 Fix instruction cache clearing problems on
226 Fix the N64 build on mips-sgi-irix6.5.
227 Enable builds with Microsoft's compiler.
228 Enable x86 builds with Oracle's Solaris compiler.
229 Fix support for calling code compiled with Oracle's Sparc
231 Testsuite fixes for Tru64 Unix.
232 Additional platform support.
235 Add AVR32 and win64 ports. Add ARM softfp support.
236 Many fixes for AIX, Solaris, HP-UX, *BSD.
237 Several PowerPC and x86-64 bug fixes.
238 Build DLL for windows.
241 Add *BSD, BeOS, and PA-Linux support.
245 (thanks to Andreas Tobler)
248 Fix for closures on sh.
249 Mark the sh/sh64 stack as non-executable.
250 (both thanks to Kaz Kojima)
254 Fix #define ARM for IcedTea users.
258 Fix x86 OpenBSD configury.
261 Enable x86 OpenBSD thanks to Thomas Heller, and
262 x86-64 FreeBSD thanks to Björn König and Andreas Tobler.
263 Clean up test instruction in README.
266 Improved x86 FreeBSD support.
267 Thanks to Björn König.
270 Fix instruction cache flushing bug on MIPS.
271 Thanks to David Daney.
274 Many changes, mostly thanks to the GCC project.
275 Cygnus Solutions is now Red Hat.
280 Raffaele Sena produces ARM port.
283 Fixed x86 long double and long long return support.
284 m68k bug fixes from Andreas Schwab.
285 Patch for DU assembler compatibility for the Alpha from Richard
289 Bug fixes and MIPS configuration changes.
292 Bug fixes and m68k port from Andreas Schwab. PowerPC port from
293 Geoffrey Keating. Various bug x86, Sparc and MIPS bug fixes.
296 Richard Henderson produces Alpha port.
299 Fixed an n32 ABI bug. New libtool, auto* support.
302 libtool is now used to generate shared and static libraries.
303 Fixed a minor portability problem reported by Russ McManus
307 Added --enable-purify-safety to keep Purify from complaining
308 about certain low level code.
309 Sparc fix for calling functions with < 6 args.
313 Added missing ffi_type_void, needed for supporting void return
314 types. Fixed test case for non MIPS machines. Cygnus Support
315 is now Cygnus Solutions.
318 Added notes about GNU make.
321 Added configuration fix for non GNU compilers.
324 Added --enable-debug configure switch. Clean-ups based on LCLint
325 feedback. ffi_mips.h is always installed. Many configuration
326 fixes. Fixed ffitest.c for sparc builds.
329 Fixed n32 problem. Many clean-ups.
332 Gordon Irlam rewrites v8.S again. Bug fixes.
335 Gordon Irlam improved the sparc port.
338 Interface changes based on feedback.
341 Sparc port complete (modulo struct passing bug).
344 Passing struct args, and returning struct values works for
345 all architectures/calling conventions. Expanded tests.
348 Added SGI n32 support. Fixed bugs in both o32 and Linux support.
352 Fixed float passing bug in mips version. Restructured some
353 of the code. Builds cleanly with SGI tools.
356 First release. No public announcement.
362 libffi was originally written by Anthony Green <green@moxielogic.com>.
364 The developers of the GNU Compiler Collection project have made
365 innumerable valuable contributions. See the ChangeLog file for
368 Some of the ideas behind libffi were inspired by Gianni Mariani's free
369 gencall library for Silicon Graphics machines.
371 The closure mechanism was designed and implemented by Kresten Krab
374 Major processor architecture ports were contributed by the following
377 aarch64 Marcus Shawcroft, James Greenhalgh
378 alpha Richard Henderson
380 blackfin Alexandre Keunecke I. de Mendonca
381 cris Simon Posnjak, Hans-Peter Nilsson
387 microblaze Nathan Rossi
388 mips Anthony Green, Casey Marshall
391 nios ii Sandra Loosemore
392 pa Randolph Chung, Dave Anglin, Andreas Tobler
393 powerpc Geoffrey Keating, Andreas Tobler,
394 David Edelsohn, John Hornkvist
395 powerpc64 Jakub Jelinek
396 s390 Gerhard Tonn, Ulrich Weigand
399 sparc Anthony Green, Gordon Irlam
400 tile-gx/tilepro Walter Lee
402 x86 Anthony Green, Jon Beniston
406 Jesper Skov and Andrew Haley both did more than their fair share of
407 stepping through the code and tracking down bugs.
409 Thanks also to Tom Tromey for bug fixes, documentation and
412 Thanks to Jim Blandy, who provided some useful feedback on the libffi
415 Andreas Tobler has done a tremendous amount of work on the testsuite.
417 Alex Oliva solved the executable page problem for SElinux.
419 The list above is almost certainly incomplete and inaccurate. I'm
420 happy to make corrections or additions upon request.
422 If you have a problem, or have found a bug, please send a note to the
423 author at green@moxielogic.com, or the project mailing list at
424 libffi-discuss@sourceware.org.