1 The Academic Free License
4 This Academic Free License (the "License") applies to any original work of authorship (the "Original Work") whose owner (the "Licensor") has placed the following notice immediately following the copyright notice for the Original Work:
6 Licensed under the Academic Free License version 2.1
8 1) Grant of Copyright License. Licensor hereby grants You a
9 world-wide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual, sublicenseable
10 license to do the following:
12 a) to reproduce the Original Work in copies;
14 b) to prepare derivative works ("Derivative Works") based upon the Original Work;
16 c) to distribute copies of the Original Work and Derivative Works to the public;
18 d) to perform the Original Work publicly; and
20 e) to display the Original Work publicly.
22 2) Grant of Patent License. Licensor hereby grants You a world-wide,
23 royalty-free, non-exclusive, perpetual, sublicenseable license, under
24 patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are embodied in
25 the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, to make, use, sell and
26 offer for sale the Original Work and Derivative Works.
28 3) Grant of Source Code License. The term "Source Code" means the
29 preferred form of the Original Work for making modifications to it and
30 all available documentation describing how to modify the Original
31 Work. Licensor hereby agrees to provide a machine-readable copy of the
32 Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original
33 Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy
34 this obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code
35 in an information repository reasonably calculated to permit
36 inexpensive and convenient access by You for as long as Licensor
37 continues to distribute the Original Work, and by publishing the
38 address of that information repository in a notice immediately
39 following the copyright notice that applies to the Original Work.
41 4) Exclusions From License Grant. Neither the names of Licensor, nor
42 the names of any contributors to the Original Work, nor any of their
43 trademarks or service marks, may be used to endorse or promote
44 products derived from this Original Work without express prior written
45 permission of the Licensor. Nothing in this License shall be deemed to
46 grant any rights to trademarks, copyrights, patents, trade secrets or
47 any other intellectual property of Licensor except as expressly stated
48 herein. No patent license is granted to make, use, sell or offer to
49 sell embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims
50 defined in Section 2. No right is granted to the trademarks of
51 Licensor even if such marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing
52 in this License shall be interpreted to prohibit Licensor from
53 licensing under different terms from this License any Original Work
54 that Licensor otherwise would have a right to license.
56 5) This section intentionally omitted.
58 6) Attribution Rights. You must retain, in the Source Code of any
59 Derivative Works that You create, all copyright, patent or trademark
60 notices from the Source Code of the Original Work, as well as any
61 notices of licensing and any descriptive text identified therein as an
62 "Attribution Notice." You must cause the Source Code for any
63 Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution
64 Notice reasonably calculated to inform recipients that You have
65 modified the Original Work.
67 7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty. Licensor
68 warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the patent
69 rights granted herein by Licensor are owned by the Licensor or are
70 sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission
71 of the contributor(s) of those copyrights and patent rights. Except as
72 expressly stated in the immediately proceeding sentence, the Original
73 Work is provided under this License on an "AS IS" BASIS and WITHOUT
74 WARRANTY, either express or implied, including, without limitation,
75 the warranties of NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
76 PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL
77 WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY constitutes an essential
78 part of this License. No license to Original Work is granted hereunder
79 except under this disclaimer.
81 8) Limitation of Liability. Under no circumstances and under no legal
82 theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or
83 otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to any person for any direct,
84 indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any
85 character arising as a result of this License or the use of the
86 Original Work including, without limitation, damages for loss of
87 goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and
88 all other commercial damages or losses. This limitation of liability
89 shall not apply to liability for death or personal injury resulting
90 from Licensor's negligence to the extent applicable law prohibits such
91 limitation. Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or
92 limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so this exclusion
93 and limitation may not apply to You.
95 9) Acceptance and Termination. If You distribute copies of the
96 Original Work or a Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort
97 under the circumstances to obtain the express assent of recipients to
98 the terms of this License. Nothing else but this License (or another
99 written agreement between Licensor and You) grants You permission to
100 create Derivative Works based upon the Original Work or to exercise
101 any of the rights granted in Section 1 herein, and any attempt to do
102 so except under the terms of this License (or another written
103 agreement between Licensor and You) is expressly prohibited by
104 U.S. copyright law, the equivalent laws of other countries, and by
105 international treaty. Therefore, by exercising any of the rights
106 granted to You in Section 1 herein, You indicate Your acceptance of
107 this License and all of its terms and conditions.
109 10) Termination for Patent Action. This License shall terminate
110 automatically and You may no longer exercise any of the rights granted
111 to You by this License as of the date You commence an action,
112 including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any
113 licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This
114 termination provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent
115 infringement by combinations of the Original Work with other software
118 11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law. Any action or suit relating
119 to this License may be brought only in the courts of a jurisdiction
120 wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts its primary
121 business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its
122 conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations
123 Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is
124 expressly excluded. Any use of the Original Work outside the scope of
125 this License or after its termination shall be subject to the
126 requirements and penalties of the U.S. Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. § 101
127 et seq., the equivalent laws of other countries, and international
128 treaty. This section shall survive the termination of this License.
130 12) Attorneys Fees. In any action to enforce the terms of this License
131 or seeking damages relating thereto, the prevailing party shall be
132 entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including, without
133 limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs incurred in
134 connection with such action, including any appeal of such action. This
135 section shall survive the termination of this License.
137 13) Miscellaneous. This License represents the complete agreement
138 concerning the subject matter hereof. If any provision of this License
139 is held to be unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to
140 the extent necessary to make it enforceable.
142 14) Definition of "You" in This License. "You" throughout this
143 License, whether in upper or lower case, means an individual or a
144 legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all of the
145 terms of, this License. For legal entities, "You" includes any entity
146 that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with
147 you. For purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power,
148 direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such
149 entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty
150 percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial
151 ownership of such entity.
153 15) Right to Use. You may use the Original Work in all ways not
154 otherwise restricted or conditioned by this License or by law, and
155 Licensor promises not to interfere with or be responsible for such
158 This license is Copyright (C) 2003-2004 Lawrence E. Rosen. All rights
159 reserved. Permission is hereby granted to copy and distribute this
160 license without modification. This license may not be modified without
161 the express written permission of its copyright owner.
165 END OF ACADEMIC FREE LICENSE. The following is intended to describe the essential
166 differences between the Academic Free License (AFL) version 1.0 and other
167 open source licenses:
169 The Academic Free License is similar to the BSD, MIT, UoI/NCSA and Apache
170 licenses in many respects but it is intended to solve a few problems with
173 * The AFL is written so as to make it clear what software is being
174 licensed (by the inclusion of a statement following the copyright notice
175 in the software). This way, the license functions better than a template
176 license. The BSD, MIT and UoI/NCSA licenses apply to unidentified software.
178 * The AFL contains a complete copyright grant to the software. The BSD
179 and Apache licenses are vague and incomplete in that respect.
181 * The AFL contains a complete patent grant to the software. The BSD, MIT,
182 UoI/NCSA and Apache licenses rely on an implied patent license and contain
183 no explicit patent grant.
185 * The AFL makes it clear that no trademark rights are granted to the
186 licensor's trademarks. The Apache license contains such a provision, but the
187 BSD, MIT and UoI/NCSA licenses do not.
189 * The AFL includes the warranty by the licensor that it either owns the
190 copyright or that it is distributing the software under a license. None of
191 the other licenses contain that warranty. All other warranties are disclaimed,
192 as is the case for the other licenses.
194 * The AFL is itself copyrighted (with the right granted to copy and distribute
195 without modification). This ensures that the owner of the copyright to the
196 license will control changes. The Apache license contains a copyright notice,
197 but the BSD, MIT and UoI/NCSA licenses do not.
199 START OF GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
202 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
205 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
206 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
208 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
209 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
213 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
214 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
215 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
216 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
217 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
218 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
219 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
220 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
223 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
224 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
225 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
226 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
227 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
228 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
230 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
231 anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
232 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
233 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
235 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
236 gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
237 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
238 source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
241 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
242 (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
243 distribute and/or modify the software.
245 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
246 that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
247 software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
248 want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
249 that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
250 authors' reputations.
252 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
253 patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
254 program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
255 program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
256 patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
258 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
261 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
262 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
264 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
265 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
266 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
267 refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
268 means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
269 that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
270 either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
271 language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
272 the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
274 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
275 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
276 running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
277 is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
278 Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
279 Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
281 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
282 source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
283 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
284 copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
285 notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
286 and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
287 along with the Program.
289 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
290 you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
292 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
293 of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
294 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
295 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
297 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
298 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
300 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
301 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
302 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
303 parties under the terms of this License.
305 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
306 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
307 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
308 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
309 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
310 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
311 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
312 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
313 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
314 the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
316 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
317 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
318 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
319 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
320 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
321 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
322 on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
323 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
324 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
326 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
327 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
328 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
329 collective works based on the Program.
331 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
332 with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
333 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
334 the scope of this License.
336 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
337 under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
338 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
340 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
341 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
342 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
344 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
345 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
346 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
347 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
348 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
349 customarily used for software interchange; or,
351 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
352 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
353 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
354 received the program in object code or executable form with such
355 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
357 The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
358 making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
359 code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
360 associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
361 control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
362 special exception, the source code distributed need not include
363 anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
364 form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
365 operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
366 itself accompanies the executable.
368 If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
369 access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
370 access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
371 distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
372 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
374 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
375 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
376 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
377 void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
378 However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
379 this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
380 parties remain in full compliance.
382 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
383 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
384 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
385 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
386 modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
387 Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
388 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
389 the Program or works based on it.
391 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
392 Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
393 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
394 these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
395 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
396 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
399 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
400 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
401 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
402 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
403 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
404 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
405 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
406 may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
407 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
408 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
409 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
410 refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
412 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
413 any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
414 apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
417 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
418 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
419 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
420 integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
421 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
422 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
423 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
424 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
425 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
428 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
429 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
431 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
432 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
433 original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
434 may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
435 those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
436 countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
437 the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
439 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
440 of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
441 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
442 address new problems or concerns.
444 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
445 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
446 later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
447 either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
448 Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
449 this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
452 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
453 programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
454 to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
455 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
456 make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
457 of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
458 of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
462 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
463 FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
464 OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
465 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
466 OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
467 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
468 TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
469 PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
470 REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
472 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
473 WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
474 REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
475 INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
476 OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
477 TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
478 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
479 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
480 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
482 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
484 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
486 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
487 possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
488 free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
490 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
491 to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
492 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
493 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
495 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
496 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
498 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
499 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
500 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
501 (at your option) any later version.
503 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
504 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
505 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
506 GNU General Public License for more details.
508 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
509 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
510 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
513 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
515 If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
516 when it starts in an interactive mode:
518 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
519 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
520 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
521 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
523 The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
524 parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
525 be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
526 mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
528 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
529 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
530 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
532 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
533 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
535 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
536 Ty Coon, President of Vice
538 This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
539 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
540 consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
541 library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
542 Public License instead of this License.
545 GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
546 Version 2.1, February 1999
548 Copyright (C) 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
549 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
550 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
551 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
553 [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
554 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence
555 the version number 2.1.]
559 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
560 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
561 Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
562 free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
564 This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
565 specially designated software packages--typically libraries--of the
566 Free Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You
567 can use it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether
568 this license or the ordinary General Public License is the better
569 strategy to use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.
571 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
572 not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
573 you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
574 for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
575 it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of
576 it in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do
579 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
580 distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
581 rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
582 you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
584 For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
585 or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
586 you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
587 code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
588 complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
589 with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling
590 it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
592 We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
593 library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
594 permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
596 To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that
597 there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is
598 modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know
599 that what they have is not the original version, so that the original
600 author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be
601 introduced by others.
603 Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of
604 any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot
605 effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
606 restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that
607 any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be
608 consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.
610 Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
611 ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser
612 General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and
613 is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use
614 this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those
615 libraries into non-free programs.
617 When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using
618 a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
619 combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
620 General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
621 entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
622 Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with
625 We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it
626 does Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
627 Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less
628 of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages
629 are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
630 libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
631 special circumstances.
633 For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
634 encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes
635 a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be
636 allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free
637 library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this
638 case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free
639 software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.
641 In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
642 programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of
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1046 That's all there is to it!
projects / platform / upstream / dbus.git / blob