[platform/upstream/bash.git] / documentation / features.ps

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%DVIPSSource:  TeX output 1995.05.08:1603
/TeXDict 250 dict def TeXDict begin /N{def}def /B{bind def}N /S{exch}N
/X{S N}B /TR{translate}N /isls false N /vsize 11 72 mul N /hsize 8.5 72
mul N /landplus90{false}def /@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1}
ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale
isls{landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div
hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul
TR[matrix currentmatrix{dup dup round sub abs 0.00001 lt{round}if}
forall round exch round exch]setmatrix}N /@landscape{/isls true N}B
/@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B
/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 0 N /IE 0 N /ctr 0 N /df-tail{
/nn 8 dict N nn begin /FontType 3 N /FontMatrix fntrx N /FontBBox FBB N
string /base X array /BitMaps X /BuildChar{CharBuilder}N /Encoding IE N
end dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put /ctr 0 N[}B /df{
/sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B /dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]
N df-tail}B /E{pop nn dup definefont setfont}B /ch-width{ch-data dup
length 5 sub get}B /ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B /ch-xoff{
128 ch-data dup length 3 sub get sub}B /ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub
get 127 sub}B /ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B /ch-image{ch-data
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/rc 0 N /gp 0 N /cp 0 N /G 0 N /sf 0 N /CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup
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0 ch-xoff ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width add ch-yoff
setcachedevice ch-width ch-height true[1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff
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/cp 0 N{rc 0 ne{rc 1 sub /rc X rw}{G}ifelse}imagemask restore}B /G{{id
gp get /gp gp 1 add N dup 18 mod S 18 idiv pl S get exec}loop}B /adv{cp
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putinterval adv}B /set{rw cp fillstr 0 4 index getinterval putinterval
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cc 1 add D}B /bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N @rigin
0 0 moveto /V matrix currentmatrix dup 1 get dup mul exch 0 get dup mul
add .99 lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N /eop{SI restore userdict
/eop-hook known{eop-hook}if showpage}N /@start{userdict /start-hook
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/IE 256 array N 0 1 255{IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put}for
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{}B /RV statusdict begin /product where{pop product dup length 7 ge{0 7
getinterval dup(Display)eq exch 0 4 getinterval(NeXT)eq or}{pop false}
ifelse}{false}ifelse end{{gsave TR -.1 .1 TR 1 1 scale rulex ruley false
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round exch round exch itransform moveto rulex 0 rlineto 0 ruley neg
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B /d{-3 M}B /e{-2 M}B /f{-1 M}B /g{0 M}B /h{1 M}B /i{2 M}B /j{3 M}B /k{
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p 1 w}B /r{p 2 w}B /s{p 3 w}B /t{p 4 w}B /x{0 S rmoveto}B /y{3 2 roll p
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2208 y(the)g(history)f(\014le.)25 b(Finally)l(,)18 b(the)f
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12 13 bop 0 -58 a Fl(12)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240
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Fg(k)o(eymap)q Fk(])g Fg(k)o(eyseq:function-name)p eop
18 19 bop 0 -58 a Fl(18)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240
183 y(Displa)o(y)k(curren)o(t)e(Readline)k(\(see)c(Chapter)h(7)g
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246 y(function)24 b(bindings,)j(or)c(bind)h(a)f(k)o(ey)g(sequence)i(to)
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308 y(binding)25 b(syn)o(tax)d(accepted)i(is)g(iden)o(tical)h(to)d
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240 370 y(line)f(Init)g(File],)h(page)d(40\),)h(but)g(eac)o(h)g
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240 432 y(`)p Fk("\\C-x\\C-r":re-read-init)o(-file)p
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Fg(k)o(eymap)h Fl(as)e(the)h(k)o(eymap)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(a\013ected)g(b)o
(y)f(the)h(subsequen)o(t)g(bindings.)22 b(Ac-)480 580
y(ceptable)14 b Fg(k)o(eymap)h Fl(names)e(are)g Fk(emacs)p
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Fk(emacs-)480 643 y(ctlx)p Fl(,)k Fk(vi)p Fl(,)h Fk(vi-move)p
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b Fk(vi)17 b Fl(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i(to)d Fk(vi-)480
705 y(command)p Fl(;)e Fk(emacs)g Fl(is)i(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)d
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b(the)f(names)g(of)g(all)h(readline)h(functions)240 877
y Fk(-v)192 b Fl(List)16 b(curren)o(t)f(function)h(names)f(and)g
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b Fl(Query)16 b(ab)q(out)f(whic)o(h)h(k)o(eys)f(in)o(v)o(ok)o(e)g(the)g
(named)h Fg(function)0 1270 y Fk(command)360 1332 y(command)23
b([-pVv])g Fg(command)j Fk([)p Fg(args)e Fk(...])240
1406 y Fl(Runs)18 b Fg(command)i Fl(with)d Fg(arg)k Fl(ignoring)d
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Fk(command)e(ls)p Fl('.)26 b(The)18 b Fk(-p)f Fl(option)240
1530 y(means)g(to)g(use)g(a)g(default)h(v)m(alue)g(for)f
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y Fk(-v)19 b Fl(option)h(causes)f(a)g(single)i(w)o(ord)d(indicating)j
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1791 y Fg(command)e Fl(to)d(b)q(e)i(prin)o(ted;)g(the)f
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b([-frxi])g([)p Fg(name)s Fk([=)p Fg(v)m(alue)s Fk(]])240
2013 y Fl(Declare)15 b(v)m(ariables)h(and/or)d(giv)o(e)i(them)f
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f(displa)o(y)i(the)240 2075 y(v)m(alues)k(of)f(v)m(ariables)i(instead.)
33 b Fk(-f)19 b Fl(means)g(to)g(use)h(function)g(names)f(only)l(.)33
b Fk(-r)19 b Fl(sa)o(ys)g(to)f(mak)o(e)240 2137 y Fg(name)s
Fl(s)d(readonly)l(.)22 b Fk(-x)15 b Fl(sa)o(ys)g(to)g(mark)g
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(the)i(v)m(ariable)h(is)f(to)f(b)q(e)240 2199 y(treated)c(as)h(an)f(in)
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(the)g(v)m(ariable)g(is)g(assigned)g(a)f(v)m(alue.)24
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2324 y(attribute)h(instead.)24 b(When)17 b(used)h(in)f(a)f(function,)i
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(the)240 2386 y Fk(local)d Fl(command.)0 2472 y Fk(enable)360
2534 y(enable)23 b([-n])g([-a])h([)p Fg(name)i Fk(...])240
2608 y Fl(Enable)19 b(and)f(disable)h(builtin)i(shell)e(commands.)28
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2670 y(whic)o(h)d(has)f(the)g(same)f(name)h(as)g(a)f(shell)j(builtin.)
22 b(If)15 b Fk(-n)g Fl(is)g(used,)g(the)g Fg(name)s
Fl(s)g(b)q(ecome)h(disabled.)p eop
19 20 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l
(eatures)1226 b(19)240 183 y(Otherwise)18 b Fg(name)s
Fl(s)f(are)g(enabled.)28 b(F)l(or)17 b(example,)h(to)f(use)h(the)f
Fk(test)g Fl(binary)h(found)g(via)g Fk($PATH)240 246
y Fl(instead)c(of)f(the)g(shell)i(builtin)g(v)o(ersion,)e(t)o(yp)q(e)h
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Fl(option)g(means)h(to)e(list)240 308 y(eac)o(h)j(builtin)j(with)d(an)g
(indication)j(of)c(whether)i(or)e(not)h(it)h(is)f(enabled.)0
396 y Fk(help)360 459 y(help)23 b([)p Fg(pattern)p Fk(])240
535 y Fl(Displa)o(y)13 b(helpful)i(information)e(ab)q(out)f(builtin)j
(commands.)k(If)13 b Fg(pattern)f Fl(is)i(sp)q(eci\014ed,)h
Fk(help)d Fl(giv)o(es)240 597 y(detailed)22 b(help)g(on)f(all)h
(commands)f(matc)o(hing)f Fg(pattern)p Fl(,)i(otherwise)f(a)f(list)i
(of)f(the)f(builtins)j(is)240 659 y(prin)o(ted.)0 748
y Fk(local)360 811 y(local)g Fg(name)s Fk([=)p Fg(v)m(alue)s
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q(cal)h(v)m(ariable)h(called)g Fg(name)p Fl(,)f(and)f(giv)o(e)h(it)g
Fg(v)m(alue)p Fl(.)19 b Fk(local)10 b Fl(can)g(only)240
948 y(b)q(e)18 b(used)f(within)i(a)d(function;)j(it)e(mak)o(es)f(the)i
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(restricted)240 1010 y(to)d(that)f(function)i(and)f(its)h(c)o(hildren.)
0 1099 y Fk(type)360 1162 y(type)23 b([-all])g([-type)g(|)h(-path])f([)
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Fg(name)p Fl(,)g(indicate)h(ho)o(w)f(it)h(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)h(in)o
(terpreted)g(if)f(used)h(as)f(a)g(command)g(name.)240
1313 y(If)e(the)g Fk(-type)g Fl(\015ag)f(is)i(used,)f
Fk(type)g Fl(returns)g(a)f(single)j(w)o(ord)d(whic)o(h)i(is)f(one)g(of)
g(\\alias",)g(\\function",)240 1375 y(\\builtin",)i(\\\014le")f(or)g
(\\k)o(eyw)o(ord",)e(if)i Fg(name)i Fl(is)e(an)g(alias,)g(shell)h
(function,)g(shell)g(builtin,)h(disk)e(\014le,)240 1437
y(or)h(shell)h(reserv)o(ed)g(w)o(ord,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)l(.)240
1512 y(If)j(the)g Fk(-path)g Fl(\015ag)f(is)i(used,)g
Fk(type)e Fl(either)i(returns)f(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g(disk)g(\014le)i
(that)d(w)o(ould)h(b)q(e)240 1575 y(executed,)f(or)e(nothing)i(if)g
Fk(-type)e Fl(w)o(ould)i(not)f(return)g(\\\014le".)240
1650 y(If)f(the)g Fk(-all)g Fl(\015ag)f(is)i(used,)f(returns)g(all)h
(of)f(the)g(places)g(that)g(con)o(tain)g(an)g(executable)h(named)f
Fg(\014le)p Fl(.)240 1712 y(This)i(includes)h(aliases)f(and)g
(functions,)f(if)h(and)f(only)h(if)g(the)f Fk(-path)f
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Fl(accepts)g Fk(-a)p Fl(,)f Fk(-t)p Fl(,)h(and)g Fk(-p)g
Fl(as)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)i(to)d Fk(-all)p Fl(,)h Fk(-type)p
Fl(,)f(and)h Fk(-path)p Fl(,)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)l(.)0
1876 y Fk(ulimit)360 1939 y(ulimit)23 b([-acdmstfpnuvSH])f([)p
Fg(limit)q Fk(])240 2015 y(Ulimit)15 b Fl(pro)o(vides)i(con)o(trol)f(o)
o(v)o(er)f(the)i(resources)f(a)o(v)m(ailable)i(to)d(pro)q(cesses)i
(started)e(b)o(y)h(the)h(shell,)240 2077 y(on)e(systems)g(that)f(allo)o
(w)i(suc)o(h)f(con)o(trol.)20 b(If)15 b(an)g(option)h(is)g(giv)o(en,)f
(it)g(is)h(in)o(terpreted)g(as)f(follo)o(ws:)240 2165
y Fk(-S)192 b Fl(c)o(hange)16 b(and)g(rep)q(ort)g(the)g(soft)f(limit)i
(asso)q(ciated)f(with)h(a)e(resource)h(\(the)g(default)g(if)480
2228 y(the)f Fk(-H)g Fl(option)h(is)f(not)g(giv)o(en\).)240
2316 y Fk(-H)192 b Fl(c)o(hange)15 b(and)h(rep)q(ort)f(the)g(hard)g
(limit)i(asso)q(ciated)e(with)h(a)e(resource.)240 2405
y Fk(-a)192 b Fl(all)16 b(curren)o(t)f(limits)i(are)e(rep)q(orted.)240
2493 y Fk(-c)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(size)i(of)d(core)h(\014les)
i(created.)240 2582 y Fk(-d)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(size)i(of)d
(a)h(pro)q(cess's)g(data)g(segmen)o(t.)240 2670 y Fk(-m)192
b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(residen)o(t)h(set)f(size.)p
eop
20 21 bop 0 -58 a Fl(20)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240
183 y Fk(-s)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(stac)o(k)g(size.)240
268 y Fk(-t)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(amoun)o(t)g(of)g(cpu)g(time)
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(of)d(\014les)i(created)g(b)o(y)f(the)g(shell.)240 438
y Fk(-p)192 b Fl(the)15 b(pip)q(e)i(bu\013er)e(size.)240
523 y Fk(-n)192 b Fl(the)15 b(maxim)o(um)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(op)q
(en)h(\014le)g(descriptors.)240 608 y Fk(-u)192 b Fl(the)15
b(maxim)o(um)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(pro)q(cesses)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)i
(to)e(a)g(single)h(user.)240 693 y Fk(-v)192 b Fl(the)15
b(maxim)o(um)g(amoun)o(t)g(of)g(virtual)g(memory)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)i
(to)d(the)i(pro)q(cess.)240 778 y(If)i Fg(limit)i Fl(is)e(giv)o(en,)g
(it)g(is)g(the)f(new)h(v)m(alue)h(of)e(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)j
(resource.)27 b(Otherwise,)18 b(the)g(curren)o(t)240
841 y(v)m(alue)h(of)d(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(resource)f(is)f(prin)o
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Fk(-f)p Fl(')e(is)i(assumed.)240 903 y(V)l(alues)f(are)e(in)i(1024-b)o
(yte)d(incremen)o(ts,)i(except)h(for)e(`)p Fk(-t)p Fl(',)f(whic)o(h)j
(is)f(in)h(seconds,)e(`)p Fk(-p)p Fl(',)g(whic)o(h)h(is)240
965 y(in)g(units)g(of)f(512-b)o(yte)f(blo)q(c)o(ks,)i(and)f(`)p
Fk(-n)p Fl(')f(and)h(`)p Fk(-u)p Fl(',)f(whic)o(h)i(are)f(unscaled)i(v)
m(alues.)0 1185 y Fj(4.5)33 b(The)15 b(Set)g(Builtin)62
1322 y Fl(This)h(builtin)i(is)d(so)g(o)o(v)o(erloaded)g(that)g(it)g
(deserv)o(es)h(its)f(o)o(wn)g(section.)0 1470 y Fk(set)360
1531 y(set)23 b([-abefhkmnptuvxldCHP])e([-o)j Fg(option)p
Fk(])g([)p Fg(argumen)o(t)g Fk(...])240 1616 y(-a)192
b Fl(Mark)14 b(v)m(ariables)j(whic)o(h)f(are)f(mo)q(di\014ed)h(or)f
(created)g(for)g(exp)q(ort.)240 1701 y Fk(-b)192 b Fl(Cause)19
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(rep)q(orted)g(immedi-)480 1764 y(ately)l(,)c(rather)g(than)g(b)q
(efore)g(prin)o(ting)h(the)g(next)f(primary)g(prompt.)240
1849 y Fk(-e)192 b Fl(Exit)15 b(immediately)i(if)f(a)f(command)g(exits)
g(with)h(a)f(non-zero)g(status.)240 1934 y Fk(-f)192
b Fl(Disable)16 b(\014le)g(name)g(generation)f(\(globbing\).)240
2019 y Fk(-h)192 b Fl(Lo)q(cate)19 b(and)h(remem)o(b)q(er)f(\(hash\))f
(commands)h(as)g(functions)h(are)e(de\014ned,)k(rather)480
2081 y(than)15 b(when)h(the)f(function)h(is)g(executed.)240
2166 y Fk(-k)192 b Fl(All)16 b(k)o(eyw)o(ord)d(argumen)o(ts)h(are)g
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2228 y(just)h(those)g(that)f(precede)j(the)e(command)g(name.)240
2313 y Fk(-m)192 b Fl(Job)15 b(con)o(trol)g(is)h(enabled)h(\(see)e
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2398 y Fk(-n)192 b Fl(Read)16 b(commands)f(but)g(do)g(not)g(execute)h
(them.)240 2472 y Fk(-o)f Fg(option-name)480 2534 y Fl(Set)g(the)h
(\015ag)e(corresp)q(onding)j(to)d Fg(option-name)s Fl(:)480
2608 y Fk(allexport)720 2670 y Fl(same)h(as)g Fk(-a)p
Fl(.)p eop
21 22 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l
(eatures)1226 b(21)480 183 y Fk(braceexpand)720 246 y
Fl(the)16 b(shell)i(will)g(p)q(erform)e(brace)g(expansion)h(\(see)f
(Section)h(2.2)e([Brace)720 308 y(Expansion],)g(page)g(7\).)480
396 y Fk(emacs)120 b Fl(use)15 b(an)g(emacs-st)o(yle)h(line)g(editing)h
(in)o(terface)e(\(see)g(Chapter)g(7)g([Com-)720 458 y(mand)g(Line)i
(Editing],)e(page)g(37\).)480 547 y Fk(errexit)72 b Fl(same)15
b(as)g Fk(-e)p Fl(.)480 622 y Fk(histexpand)720 685 y
Fl(same)g(as)g Fk(-H)p Fl(.)480 760 y Fk(ignoreeof)720
822 y Fl(the)g(shell)i(will)g(not)e(exit)g(up)q(on)h(reading)g(EOF.)480
898 y Fk(interactive-comments)720 960 y Fl(allo)o(w)h(a)g(w)o(ord)g(b)q
(eginning)i(with)f(a)e(`)p Fk(#)p Fl(')h(to)f(cause)i(that)e(w)o(ord)h
(and)g(all)720 1022 y(remaining)11 b(c)o(haracters)f(on)g(that)f(line)j
(to)e(b)q(e)h(ignored)f(in)h(an)g(in)o(teractiv)o(e)720
1084 y(shell.)480 1173 y Fk(monitor)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g
Fk(-m)p Fl(.)480 1248 y Fk(noclobber)720 1310 y Fl(same)g(as)g
Fk(-C)p Fl(.)480 1399 y Fk(noexec)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g
Fk(-n)p Fl(.)480 1487 y Fk(noglob)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g
Fk(-f)p Fl(.)480 1576 y Fk(nohash)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g
Fk(-d)p Fl(.)480 1664 y Fk(notify)96 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g
Fk(-b)p Fl(.)480 1753 y Fk(nounset)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g
Fk(-u)p Fl(.)480 1841 y Fk(physical)48 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g
Fk(-P)p Fl(.)480 1930 y Fk(posix)120 b Fl(c)o(hange)11
b(the)h(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(of)g(Bash)h(where)f(the)g(default)h(op)q
(eration)g(di\013ers)720 1992 y(from)17 b(the)g(P)o(osix)g(1003.2)f
(standard)h(to)f(matc)o(h)h(the)h(standard.)25 b(This)720
2054 y(is)19 b(in)o(tended)g(to)f(mak)o(e)g(Bash)g(b)q(eha)o(v)o(e)g
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2192 y Fk(privileged)720 2254 y Fl(same)d(as)g Fk(-p)p
Fl(.)480 2342 y Fk(verbose)72 b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-v)p
Fl(.)480 2431 y Fk(vi)192 b Fl(use)16 b(a)e Fk(vi)p Fl(-st)o(yle)i
(line)g(editing)h(in)o(terface.)480 2519 y Fk(xtrace)96
b Fl(same)15 b(as)g Fk(-x)p Fl(.)240 2608 y Fk(-p)192
b Fl(T)l(urn)14 b(on)g(privileged)j(mo)q(de.)j(In)14
b(this)h(mo)q(de,)f(the)g Fk($ENV)g Fl(\014le)h(is)f(not)g(pro)q
(cessed,)h(and)480 2670 y(shell)21 b(functions)g(are)f(not)f(inherited)
j(from)d(the)h(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)34 b(This)20 b(is)g(enabled)p
eop
22 23 bop 0 -58 a Fl(22)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)480
183 y(automatically)g(on)f(startup)f(if)i(the)f(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(user)h
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y(real)j(user)g(\(group\))e(id.)25 b(T)l(urning)18 b(this)f(option)g
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308 y(group)e(ids)h(to)e(b)q(e)i(set)f(to)g(the)g(real)h(user)f(and)g
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750 y Fk(-l)192 b Fl(Sa)o(v)o(e)15 b(and)g(restore)g(the)g(binding)i
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838 y Fk(-d)192 b Fl(Disable)18 b(the)f(hashing)h(of)f(commands)f(that)
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900 y(mally)l(,)15 b(commands)g(are)f(remem)o(b)q(ered)h(in)h(a)e(hash)
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240 1140 y Fk(-H)192 b Fl(Enable)16 b(!)k(st)o(yle)15
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1503 y(of)j(them)g(b)q(egin)h(with)g(a)f Fk(-)p Fl(.)240
1592 y Fk(-)216 b Fl(Signal)15 b(the)g(end)f(of)g(options,)g(cause)h
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1654 y(the)h(p)q(ositional)h(parameters.)22 b(The)16
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b(If)16 b(there)480 1716 y(are)f(no)g(argumen)o(ts,)f(the)h(p)q
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1805 y(Using)21 b(`)p Fk(+)p Fl(')e(rather)g(than)h(`)p
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b(curren)o(t)h(set)f(of)g(\015ags)f(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)h(found)g(in)g
Fk($-)p Fl(.)26 b(The)240 1929 y(remaining)14 b(N)f Fg(argumen)o(ts)h
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b Fk($N)p Fl(.)h(If)15 b(no)h(argumen)o(ts)e(are)h(giv)o(en,)g(all)h
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Fk(HISTCONTROL)0 2545 y(history_control)240 2608 y Fl(Set)i(to)g(a)g(v)
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2670 y(or)f(tab)f(in)o(to)h(the)h(history)f(list.)23
b(Set)16 b(to)g(a)g(v)m(alue)h(of)f(`)p Fk(ignoredups)p
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23 24 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l
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y(Unset,)f(or)f(set)g(to)g(an)o(y)h(other)f(v)m(alue)i(than)e(those)h
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(history)240 308 y(list.)0 398 y Fk(HISTFILE)48 b Fl(The)15
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b(set,)g(this)h(is)f(the)h(maxim)o(um)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g
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564 y Fk(histchars)240 627 y Fl(Up)j(to)g(three)g(c)o(haracters)g(whic)
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(history)g(ex-)240 814 y(pansion,)23 b(normally)f(`)p
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y(substitution')d(when)h(seen)f(as)g(the)g(\014rst)g(c)o(haracter)f(on)
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b(optional)240 938 y(third)15 b(c)o(haracter)f(is)h(the)f(c)o(haracter)
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Fl('.)k(The)12 b(history)g(commen)o(t)g(c)o(haracter)240
1063 y(causes)k(history)g(substitution)g(to)f(b)q(e)h(skipp)q(ed)i(for)
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1215 y Fk(HISTCMD)72 b Fl(The)16 b(history)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(or)h
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(tly)h(reset.)0 1354 y Fk(hostname_completion_file)0
1416 y(HOSTFILE)48 b Fl(Con)o(tains)17 b(the)h(name)g(of)f(a)h(\014le)h
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Fl(')f(that)h(should)i(b)q(e)f(read)240 1478 y(when)g(the)g(shell)i
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1540 y(the)c(next)h(time)g(y)o(ou)f(attempt)f(to)h(complete)h(a)f
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1603 y(new)g(\014le)i(to)d(the)i(already)f(existing)h(database.)0
1679 y Fk(MAILCHECK)240 1741 y Fl(Ho)o(w)k(often)g(\(in)h(seconds\))f
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(\014les)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(in)240 1803 y Fk(MAILPATH)p
Fl(.)0 1880 y Fk(PROMPT_COMMAND)240 1942 y Fl(If)15 b(presen)o(t,)g
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y(eac)o(h)g(primary)h(prompt)e(\()p Fk($PS1)p Fl(\).)0
2094 y Fk(UID)168 b Fl(The)15 b(n)o(umeric)i(real)e(user)g(id)h(of)f
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2518 y(name)j(whose)h(su\016x)f(matc)o(hes)g(one)g(of)g(the)h(en)o
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240 2580 y(matc)o(hed)d(\014le)h(names.)k(A)15 b(sample)h(v)m(alue)h
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b(name)h(of)e(the)i(Readline)h(startup)e(\014le,)h(o)o(v)o(erriding)f
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24 25 bop 0 -58 a Fl(24)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0
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y Fk(IGNOREEOF)240 380 y Fl(Con)o(trols)g(the)h(action)f(of)g(the)h
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505 y(the)d(\014rst)f(c)o(haracters)f(on)i(an)f(input)h(line)i(b)q
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826 y Fl(If)e(this)h(v)m(ariable)g(exists,)g(the)f(shell)h(will)h(not)e
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25 26 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l
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447 y Fk(+)e(-)177 b Fl(addition,)16 b(subtraction)0
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2670 y($\(\()h(expression)g(\)\))p eop
26 27 bop 0 -58 a Fl(26)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)62
183 y(The)e(expression)h(is)f(treated)f(as)g(if)h(it)g(w)o(ere)g
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1433 y Fj(4.8)33 b(Con)n(trolling)17 b(the)e(Prompt)62
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1833 y(In)20 b(addition,)g(the)f(follo)o(wing)h(table)f(describ)q(es)h
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27 28 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(4:)k(Bash)d(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(F)l
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28 29 bop 0 -58 a Fl(28)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)p
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29 30 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(5:)k(Job)d(Con)o(trol)1435
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183 y(the)h Fk(kill)f Fl(command)g(to)g(kill)i(it.)k(A)16
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y Fj(5.2)33 b(Job)14 b(Con)n(trol)i(Builtins)0 2100 y
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1416 y Fj(5.3)33 b(Job)14 b(Con)n(trol)i(V)-6 b(ariables)0
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34 35 bop 0 -58 a Fl(34)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0
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y Fk(x-y)168 b Fl(A)15 b(range)g(of)g(w)o(ords;)f Fk(-)p
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g(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(sev)o(eral)g(other)f(c)o(haracters.)23
b(In)18 b(that)d(case,)i(y)o(ou)f(can)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g
Fk(C-B)f Fl(to)g(mo)o(v)o(e)g(the)g(cursor)0 706 y(to)f(the)h(left,)g
(and)g(then)g(correct)f(y)o(our)h(mistak)o(e.)21 b(Afterw)o(ards,)14
b(y)o(ou)i(can)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f(the)h(cursor)f(to)g(the)h(righ)o(t)g
(with)0 769 y Fk(C-F)p Fl(.)62 906 y(When)i(y)o(ou)f(add)g(text)g(in)h
(the)f(middle)i(of)e(a)g(line,)i(y)o(ou)e(will)i(notice)e(that)g(c)o
(haracters)f(to)h(the)g(righ)o(t)g(of)g(the)0 968 y(cursor)h(are)h
(`pushed)g(o)o(v)o(er')e(to)h(mak)o(e)g(ro)q(om)g(for)g(the)h(text)f
(that)g(y)o(ou)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(inserted.)31 b(Lik)o(ewise,)20
b(when)f(y)o(ou)0 1030 y(delete)f(text)f(b)q(ehind)i(the)f(cursor,)f(c)
o(haracters)f(to)h(the)g(righ)o(t)g(of)g(the)h(cursor)f(are)g(`pulled)i
(bac)o(k')d(to)h(\014ll)i(in)f(the)0 1092 y(blank)g(space)f(created)g
(b)o(y)g(the)h(remo)o(v)m(al)f(of)f(the)i(text.)25 b(A)17
b(list)h(of)e(the)h(basic)h(bare)f(essen)o(tials)h(for)e(editing)j(the)
0 1155 y(text)c(of)f(an)i(input)g(line)h(follo)o(ws.)0
1304 y Fk(C-B)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(bac)o(k)h(one)h(c)o(haracter.)0
1391 y Fk(C-F)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(forw)o(ard)g(one)h(c)o
(haracter.)0 1478 y Fk(DEL)168 b Fl(Delete)16 b(the)f(c)o(haracter)g
(to)f(the)h(left)h(of)f(the)g(cursor.)0 1566 y Fk(C-D)168
b Fl(Delete)16 b(the)f(c)o(haracter)g(underneath)h(the)f(cursor.)0
1640 y(Prin)o(ting)h(c)o(haracters)240 1703 y(Insert)f(the)h(c)o
(haracter)e(in)o(to)h(the)h(line)h(at)d(the)h(cursor.)0
1790 y Fk(C-_)168 b Fl(Undo)15 b(the)h(last)f(thing)h(that)e(y)o(ou)h
(did.)21 b(Y)l(ou)15 b(can)h(undo)f(all)h(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)e(bac)o(k)h
(to)f(an)i(empt)o(y)e(line.)0 1997 y Ff(7.2.2)30 b(Readline)15
b(Mo)n(v)n(emen)n(t)h(Commands)62 2134 y Fl(The)c(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g
(table)g(describ)q(es)i(the)e(most)f(basic)h(p)q(ossible)i(k)o(eystrok)
o(es)d(that)g(y)o(ou)g(need)i(in)g(order)f(to)f(do)h(editing)0
2197 y(of)g(the)h(input)h(line.)21 b(F)l(or)12 b(y)o(our)g(con)o(v)o
(enience,)i(man)o(y)f(other)f(commands)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(added)f
(in)h(addition)g(to)e Fk(C-B)p Fl(,)0 2259 y Fk(C-F)p
Fl(,)i Fk(C-D)p Fl(,)h(and)g Fk(DEL)p Fl(.)20 b(Here)15
b(are)g(some)g(commands)g(for)f(mo)o(ving)h(more)g(rapidly)i(ab)q(out)e
(the)g(line.)0 2408 y Fk(C-A)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(to)h(the)g(start)
f(of)h(the)g(line.)0 2496 y Fk(C-E)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14
b(to)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0 2583 y Fk(M-F)168
b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(forw)o(ard)g(a)h(w)o(ord.)0 2670
y Fk(M-B)168 b Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(bac)o(kw)o(ard)h(a)g(w)o(ord.)p
eop
39 40 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205
b(39)0 183 y Fk(C-L)168 b Fl(Clear)15 b(the)h(screen,)f(reprin)o(ting)h
(the)f(curren)o(t)g(line)i(at)e(the)g(top.)62 350 y(Notice)22
b(ho)o(w)e Fk(C-F)h Fl(mo)o(v)o(es)f(forw)o(ard)g(a)g(c)o(haracter,)i
(while)g Fk(M-F)f Fl(mo)o(v)o(es)f(forw)o(ard)g(a)h(w)o(ord.)36
b(It)21 b(is)h(a)f(lo)q(ose)0 412 y(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)15
b(that)g(con)o(trol)g(k)o(eystrok)o(es)f(op)q(erate)h(on)g(c)o
(haracters)f(while)j(meta)e(k)o(eystrok)o(es)f(op)q(erate)h(on)g(w)o
(ords.)0 696 y Ff(7.2.3)30 b(Readline)15 b(Killing)g(Commands)62
841 y Fg(Killing)25 b Fl(text)18 b(means)g(to)f(delete)i(the)g(text)e
(from)h(the)g(line,)i(but)e(to)g(sa)o(v)o(e)f(it)i(a)o(w)o(a)o(y)d(for)
i(later)g(use,)h(usually)0 903 y(b)o(y)c Fg(y)o(anking)k
Fl(\(re-inserting\))c(it)g(bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)g(the)g(line.)21
b(If)16 b(the)f(description)h(for)e(a)h(command)f(sa)o(ys)h(that)f(it)h
(`kills')0 966 y(text,)f(then)i(y)o(ou)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(sure)f(that)g(y)
o(ou)g(can)g(get)g(the)g(text)g(bac)o(k)g(in)h(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)g
(\(or)f(the)i(same\))e(place)i(later.)62 1111 y(When)g(y)o(ou)f(use)g
(a)g(kill)i(command,)e(the)h(text)e(is)i(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(in)h(a)f
Fg(kill-ring)p Fl(.)22 b(An)o(y)16 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(consecutiv)
o(e)h(kills)0 1173 y(sa)o(v)o(e)g(all)i(of)e(the)h(killed)i(text)d
(together,)g(so)g(that)g(when)h(y)o(ou)f(y)o(ank)h(it)g(bac)o(k,)f(y)o
(ou)h(get)f(it)h(all.)25 b(The)17 b(kill)h(ring)f(is)0
1236 y(not)e(line)i(sp)q(eci\014c;)g(the)f(text)f(that)g(y)o(ou)g
(killed)j(on)d(a)h(previously)g(t)o(yp)q(ed)g(line)h(is)f(a)o(v)m
(ailable)i(to)d(b)q(e)h(y)o(ank)o(ed)f(bac)o(k)0 1298
y(later,)g(when)h(y)o(ou)e(are)h(t)o(yping)h(another)e(line.)62
1443 y(Here)i(is)f(the)h(list)g(of)e(commands)h(for)g(killing)j(text.)0
1610 y Fk(C-K)168 b Fl(Kill)17 b(the)f(text)e(from)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g
(cursor)g(p)q(osition)h(to)f(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0
1714 y Fk(M-D)168 b Fl(Kill)17 b(from)d(the)h(cursor)g(to)f(the)h(end)g
(of)g(the)g(curren)o(t)f(w)o(ord,)g(or)g(if)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(w)o
(ords,)f(to)g(the)h(end)g(of)240 1776 y(the)g(next)h(w)o(ord.)0
1880 y Fk(M-DEL)120 b Fl(Kill)16 b(from)d(the)i(cursor)e(the)h(start)f
(of)h(the)g(previous)h(w)o(ord,)e(or)g(if)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(w)o
(ords,)f(to)h(the)g(start)e(of)240 1942 y(the)j(previous)h(w)o(ord.)0
2046 y Fk(C-W)168 b Fl(Kill)18 b(from)e(the)g(cursor)g(to)f(the)h
(previous)h(whitespace.)24 b(This)17 b(is)f(di\013eren)o(t)h(than)f
Fk(M-DEL)f Fl(b)q(ecause)240 2109 y(the)g(w)o(ord)g(b)q(oundaries)h
(di\013er.)62 2275 y(And,)e(here)g(is)h(ho)o(w)e(to)g
Fg(y)o(ank)j Fl(the)e(text)f(bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)h(the)f(line.)22
b(Y)l(anking)14 b(means)g(to)f(cop)o(y)g(the)h(most-recen)o(tly-)0
2337 y(killed)j(text)e(from)g(the)g(kill)i(bu\013er.)0
2504 y Fk(C-Y)168 b Fl(Y)l(ank)15 b(the)h(most)e(recen)o(tly)i(killed)h
(text)e(bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)g(the)h(bu\013er)f(at)f(the)i(cursor.)0
2608 y Fk(M-Y)168 b Fl(Rotate)13 b(the)h(kill-ring,)i(and)e(y)o(ank)g
(the)g(new)g(top.)19 b(Y)l(ou)14 b(can)g(only)g(do)g(this)g(if)g(the)g
(prior)g(command)240 2670 y(is)i Fk(C-Y)e Fl(or)h Fk(M-Y)p
Fl(.)p eop
40 41 bop 0 -58 a Fl(40)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0
183 y Ff(7.2.4)30 b(Readline)15 b(Argumen)n(ts)62 330
y Fl(Y)l(ou)k(can)g(pass)f(n)o(umeric)i(argumen)o(ts)d(to)h(Readline)j
(commands.)30 b(Sometimes)19 b(the)f(argumen)o(t)g(acts)g(as)g(a)0
392 y(rep)q(eat)f(coun)o(t,)f(other)g(times)g(it)h(is)g(the)g
Fg(sign)f Fl(of)g(the)h(argumen)o(t)f(that)f(is)i(signi\014can)o(t.)25
b(If)16 b(y)o(ou)h(pass)f(a)g(negativ)o(e)0 455 y(argumen)o(t)g(to)g(a)
h(command)g(whic)o(h)h(normally)f(acts)g(in)h(a)e(forw)o(ard)g
(direction,)i(that)f(command)f(will)j(act)d(in)i(a)0
517 y(bac)o(kw)o(ard)13 b(direction.)21 b(F)l(or)13 b(example,)h(to)f
(kill)i(text)e(bac)o(k)h(to)f(the)h(start)e(of)h(the)h(line,)h(y)o(ou)e
(migh)o(t)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g Fk(M--)f(C-K)p Fl(.)62 664 y(The)19
b(general)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(to)g(pass)g(n)o(umeric)i(argumen)o(ts)e(to)g(a)
g(command)h(is)g(to)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(meta)g(digits)i(b)q(efore)f(the)0
726 y(command.)36 b(If)21 b(the)g(\014rst)f(`digit')h(y)o(ou)g(t)o(yp)q
(e)f(is)i(a)e(min)o(us)h(sign)g(\()p Fk(-)p Fl(\),)g(then)g(the)g(sign)
g(of)g(the)f(argumen)o(t)g(will)0 788 y(b)q(e)i(negativ)o(e.)40
b(Once)22 b(y)o(ou)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(t)o(yp)q(ed)g(one)f(meta)g(digit)i
(to)e(get)g(the)h(argumen)o(t)f(started,)h(y)o(ou)f(can)h(t)o(yp)q(e)0
851 y(the)c(remainder)h(of)f(the)g(digits,)h(and)f(then)h(the)f
(command.)29 b(F)l(or)17 b(example,)i(to)f(giv)o(e)g(the)g
Fk(C-D)g Fl(command)g(an)0 913 y(argumen)o(t)c(of)h(10,)f(y)o(ou)h
(could)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g Fk(M-1)23 b(0)h(C-D)p Fl(.)0 1226
y Fj(7.3)33 b(Readline)16 b(Init)g(File)62 1373 y Fl(Although)g(the)g
(Readline)h(library)g(comes)e(with)h(a)f(set)g(of)g(Emacs-lik)o(e)h(k)o
(eybindings)h(installed)g(b)o(y)f(default,)0 1435 y(it)e(is)g(p)q
(ossible)i(that)d(y)o(ou)g(w)o(ould)h(lik)o(e)h(to)e(use)h(a)f
(di\013eren)o(t)h(set)g(of)f(k)o(eybindings.)21 b(Y)l(ou)14
b(can)g(customize)g(programs)0 1497 y(that)i(use)i(Readline)h(b)o(y)e
(putting)h(commands)f(in)h(an)f Fg(init)i Fl(\014le)f(in)g(y)o(our)f
(home)g(directory)l(.)26 b(The)18 b(name)f(of)g(this)0
1559 y(\014le)h(is)g(tak)o(en)f(from)g(the)g(v)m(alue)i(of)e(the)g
(shell)i(v)m(ariable)g Fk(INPUTRC)p Fl(.)25 b(If)18 b(that)f(v)m
(ariable)h(is)g(unset,)g(the)f(default)h(is)0 1622 y(`)p
Fk(~/.inputrc)p Fl('.)62 1769 y(When)h(a)g(program)e(whic)o(h)j(uses)f
(the)g(Readline)i(library)e(starts)f(up,)h(the)g(init)h(\014le)g(is)f
(read,)g(and)g(the)g(k)o(ey)0 1831 y(bindings)e(are)e(set.)62
1978 y(In)j(addition,)h(the)f Fk(C-x)c(C-r)k Fl(command)f(re-reads)g
(this)h(init)h(\014le,)g(th)o(us)e(incorp)q(orating)h(an)o(y)f(c)o
(hanges)h(that)0 2040 y(y)o(ou)d(migh)o(t)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(made)g(to)f
(it.)0 2336 y Ff(7.3.1)30 b(Readline)15 b(Init)g(Syn)n(tax)62
2483 y Fl(There)h(are)f(only)h(a)f(few)g(basic)h(constructs)f(allo)o(w)
o(ed)h(in)g(the)g(Readline)i(init)e(\014le.)22 b(Blank)16
b(lines)h(are)e(ignored.)0 2545 y(Lines)j(b)q(eginning)g(with)f(a)f
Fk(#)g Fl(are)g(commen)o(ts.)22 b(Lines)c(b)q(eginning)g(with)f(a)f
Fk($)g Fl(indicate)h(conditional)h(constructs)0 2608
y(\(see)d(Section)g(7.3.2)e([Conditional)j(Init)f(Constructs],)f(page)g
(43\).)19 b(Other)c(lines)h(denote)f(v)m(ariable)h(settings)f(and)0
2670 y(k)o(ey)g(bindings.)p eop
41 42 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205
b(41)0 183 y(V)l(ariable)16 b(Settings)240 246 y(Y)l(ou)j(can)g(c)o
(hange)g(the)g(state)f(of)g(a)g(few)h(v)m(ariables)h(in)g(Readline)h(b)
o(y)d(using)i(the)f Fk(set)f Fl(command)240 308 y(within)e(the)f(init)h
(\014le.)k(Here)15 b(is)g(ho)o(w)g(y)o(ou)f(w)o(ould)h(sp)q(ecify)h
(that)e(y)o(ou)g(wish)i(to)e(use)h Fk(vi)f Fl(line)j(editing)240
370 y(commands:)360 433 y Fk(set)23 b(editing-mode)g(vi)240
509 y Fl(Righ)o(t)14 b(no)o(w,)f(there)h(are)f(only)h(a)f(few)h(v)m
(ariables)g(whic)o(h)h(can)f(b)q(e)g(set;)f(so)g(few,)h(in)g(fact,)f
(that)g(w)o(e)g(just)240 571 y(list)j(them)f(here:)240
647 y Fk(editing-mode)480 709 y Fl(The)e Fk(editing-mode)e
Fl(v)m(ariable)j(con)o(trols)e(whic)o(h)h(editing)h(mo)q(de)f(y)o(ou)f
(are)g(using.)20 b(By)480 771 y(default,)f(Readline)h(starts)c(up)i(in)
h(Emacs)e(editing)i(mo)q(de,)f(where)g(the)g(k)o(eystrok)o(es)480
833 y(are)c(most)g(similar)h(to)f(Emacs.)19 b(This)c(v)m(ariable)h(can)
f(b)q(e)g(set)f(to)g(either)h Fk(emacs)f Fl(or)g Fk(vi)p
Fl(.)240 909 y Fk(horizontal-scroll-mode)480 971 y Fl(This)k(v)m
(ariable)g(can)f(b)q(e)g(set)g(to)f(either)i Fk(On)f
Fl(or)f Fk(Off)p Fl(.)25 b(Setting)17 b(it)g(to)f Fk(On)h
Fl(means)g(that)480 1033 y(the)d(text)g(of)f(the)h(lines)i(that)d(y)o
(ou)h(edit)h(will)g(scroll)g(horizon)o(tally)g(on)f(a)g(single)h
(screen)480 1096 y(line)f(when)f(they)g(are)f(longer)h(than)f(the)h
(width)g(of)f(the)g(screen,)h(instead)g(of)g(wrapping)480
1158 y(on)o(to)h(a)h(new)h(screen)f(line.)22 b(By)15
b(default,)h(this)f(v)m(ariable)i(is)f(set)e(to)h Fk(Off)p
Fl(.)240 1234 y Fk(mark-modified-lines)480 1296 y Fl(This)h(v)m
(ariable,)g(when)g(set)f(to)f Fk(On)p Fl(,)h(sa)o(ys)f(to)g(displa)o(y)
j(an)e(asterisk)g(\(`)p Fk(*)p Fl('\))e(at)i(the)g(start)480
1358 y(of)f(history)h(lines)i(whic)o(h)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(mo)q
(di\014ed.)21 b(This)15 b(v)m(ariable)h(is)g Fk(off)e
Fl(b)o(y)h(default.)240 1434 y Fk(bell-style)480 1496
y Fl(Con)o(trols)h(what)f(happ)q(ens)j(when)f(Readline)h(w)o(an)o(ts)e
(to)f(ring)i(the)f(terminal)h(b)q(ell.)26 b(If)480 1558
y(set)13 b(to)g Fk(none)p Fl(,)g(Readline)j(nev)o(er)e(rings)g(the)g(b)
q(ell.)21 b(If)14 b(set)f(to)g Fk(visible)p Fl(,)g(Readline)j(uses)480
1621 y(a)g(visible)j(b)q(ell)g(if)e(one)g(is)g(a)o(v)m(ailable.)27
b(If)17 b(set)f(to)g Fk(audible)g Fl(\(the)h(default\),)g(Readline)480
1683 y(attempts)d(to)h(ring)g(the)h(terminal's)f(b)q(ell.)240
1758 y Fk(comment-begin)480 1821 y Fl(The)21 b(string)h(to)e(insert)i
(at)e(the)h(b)q(eginning)j(of)c(the)i(line)g(when)g(the)f
Fk(vi-comment)480 1883 y Fl(command)15 b(is)h(executed.)21
b(The)15 b(default)h(v)m(alue)g(is)g Fk("#")p Fl(.)240
1958 y Fk(meta-flag)480 2021 y Fl(If)d(set)g(to)f Fk(on)p
Fl(,)g(Readline)j(will)g(enable)f(eigh)o(t-bit)f(input)h(\(it)f(will)h
(not)f(strip)g(the)g(eigh)o(th)480 2083 y(bit)i(from)g(the)g(c)o
(haracters)f(it)h(reads\),)f(regardless)h(of)g(what)f(the)h(terminal)h
(claims)g(it)480 2145 y(can)f(supp)q(ort.)20 b(The)c(default)g(v)m
(alue)g(is)g Fk(off)p Fl(.)240 2221 y Fk(convert-meta)480
2283 y Fl(If)23 b(set)f(to)f Fk(on)p Fl(,)j(Readline)h(will)f(con)o(v)o
(ert)d(c)o(haracters)h(with)g(the)h(eigth)g(bit)f(set)h(to)480
2345 y(an)17 b(ASCI)q(I)g(k)o(ey)g(sequence)h(b)o(y)e(stripping)i(the)f
(eigth)g(bit)g(and)g(prep)q(ending)i(an)d Fk(ESC)480
2408 y Fl(c)o(haracter,)h(con)o(v)o(erting)g(them)g(to)f(a)h
(meta-pre\014xed)h(k)o(ey)f(sequence.)27 b(The)17 b(default)480
2470 y(v)m(alue)f(is)g Fk(on)p Fl(.)240 2545 y Fk(output-meta)480
2608 y Fl(If)d(set)f(to)g Fk(on)p Fl(,)h(Readline)i(will)f(displa)o(y)g
(c)o(haracters)d(with)i(the)g(eigh)o(th)g(bit)g(set)g(directly)480
2670 y(rather)i(than)g(as)f(a)h(meta-pre\014xed)h(escap)q(e)g
(sequence.)21 b(The)16 b(default)f(is)h Fk(off)p Fl(.)p
eop
42 43 bop 0 -58 a Fl(42)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240
183 y Fk(completion-query-items)480 246 y Fl(The)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g
(of)f(p)q(ossible)j(completions)e(that)f(determines)i(when)f(the)g
(user)g(is)g(ask)o(ed)480 308 y(whether)k(he)h(w)o(an)o(ts)d(to)i(see)g
(the)g(list)h(of)e(p)q(ossibiliti)q(es.)25 b(If)16 b(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q
(er)h(of)e(p)q(ossible)480 370 y(completions)i(is)f(greater)f(than)h
(this)h(v)m(alue,)f(Readline)j(will)e(ask)f(the)g(user)g(whether)480
432 y(or)k(not)h(he)h(wishes)f(to)g(view)g(them;)j(otherwise,)e(they)f
(are)g(simply)h(listed.)39 b(The)480 495 y(default)16
b(limit)g(is)g Fk(100)p Fl(.)240 588 y Fk(keymap)96 b
Fl(Sets)13 b(Readline's)i(idea)e(of)g(the)g(curren)o(t)f(k)o(eymap)h
(for)f(k)o(ey)h(binding)i(commands.)k(Ac-)480 651 y(ceptable)d
Fk(keymap)e Fl(names)h(are)g Fk(emacs)p Fl(,)f Fk(emacs-standard)p
Fl(,)f Fk(emacs-meta)p Fl(,)g Fk(emacs-)480 713 y(ctlx)p
Fl(,)j Fk(vi)p Fl(,)h Fk(vi-move)p Fl(,)f Fk(vi-command)p
Fl(,)g(and)h Fk(vi-insert)p Fl(.)23 b Fk(vi)17 b Fl(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o
(t)i(to)d Fk(vi-)480 775 y(command)p Fl(;)22 b Fk(emacs)e
Fl(is)h(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)e Fk(emacs-standard)p Fl(.)35
b(The)20 b(default)i(v)m(alue)f(is)480 838 y Fk(emacs)p
Fl(.)33 b(The)21 b(v)m(alue)g(of)e(the)i Fk(editing-mode)d
Fl(v)m(ariable)j(also)f(a\013ects)f(the)h(default)480
900 y(k)o(eymap.)240 978 y Fk(show-all-if-ambiguous)480
1040 y Fl(This)d(alters)f(the)h(default)g(b)q(eha)o(vior)g(of)f(the)g
(completion)i(functions.)24 b(If)17 b(set)f(to)g Fk(on)p
Fl(,)480 1102 y(w)o(ords)d(whic)o(h)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(more)h(than)f(one)h
(p)q(ossible)h(completion)g(cause)f(the)f(matc)o(hes)h(to)480
1165 y(b)q(e)h(listed)g(immediately)h(instead)f(of)f(ringing)h(the)f(b)
q(ell.)22 b(The)14 b(default)h(v)m(alue)g(is)g Fk(off)p
Fl(.)240 1243 y Fk(expand-tilde)480 1305 y Fl(If)20 b(set)f(to)g
Fk(on)p Fl(,)h(tilde)h(expansion)f(is)g(p)q(erformed)g(when)g(Readline)
i(attempts)d(w)o(ord)480 1367 y(completion.)i(The)15
b(default)h(is)g Fk(off)p Fl(.)0 1445 y(Key)g(Bindings)240
1508 y(The)k(syn)o(tax)f(for)g(con)o(trolling)i(k)o(ey)e(bindings)j(in)
e(the)g(init)h(\014le)g(is)f(simple.)35 b(First)19 b(y)o(ou)g(ha)o(v)o
(e)h(to)240 1570 y(kno)o(w)13 b(the)h(name)g(of)f(the)h(command)g(that)
f(y)o(ou)g(w)o(an)o(t)g(to)g(c)o(hange.)20 b(The)14 b(follo)o(wing)g
(pages)g(con)o(tain)240 1632 y(tables)i(of)f(the)h(command)g(name,)f
(the)h(default)g(k)o(eybinding,)i(and)e(a)f(short)g(description)i(of)f
(what)240 1694 y(the)f(command)g(do)q(es.)240 1772 y(Once)h(y)o(ou)e
(kno)o(w)g(the)h(name)g(of)f(the)h(command,)f(simply)i(place)g(the)f
(name)f(of)h(the)f(k)o(ey)h(y)o(ou)f(wish)240 1835 y(to)g(bind)j(the)e
(command)g(to,)f(a)g(colon,)i(and)f(then)g(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g
(command)g(on)g(a)f(line)j(in)f(the)240 1897 y(init)h(\014le.)22
b(The)16 b(name)g(of)f(the)h(k)o(ey)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(expressed)h(in)f
(di\013eren)o(t)g(w)o(a)o(ys,)f(dep)q(ending)i(on)f(whic)o(h)240
1959 y(is)g(most)e(comfortable)h(for)g(y)o(ou.)240 2037
y Fg(k)o(eyname)s Fl(:)k Fg(function-name)g Fl(or)c Fg(macro)480
2100 y(k)o(eyname)j Fl(is)d(the)h(name)f(of)g(a)g(k)o(ey)g(sp)q(elled)i
(out)e(in)h(English.)21 b(F)l(or)15 b(example:)600 2165
y Fk(Control-u:)22 b(universal-argument)600 2215 y(Meta-Rubout:)g
(backward-kill-word)600 2265 y(Control-o:)g(">&output")480
2343 y Fl(In)12 b(the)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(example,)h(`)p
Fk(C-u)p Fl(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)g(to)f(the)h(function)g
Fk(universal-argument)p Fl(,)480 2405 y(and)h(`)p Fk(C-o)p
Fl(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)h(to)f(run)g(the)g(macro)f(expressed)i(on)f(the)g
(righ)o(t)g(hand)g(side)h(\(that)480 2467 y(is,)h(to)g(insert)h(the)f
(text)g(`)p Fk(>&output)p Fl(')e(in)o(to)i(the)g(line\).)240
2545 y Fk(")p Fg(k)o(eyseq)q Fk(")p Fl(:)20 b Fg(function-name)e
Fl(or)d Fg(macro)480 2608 y(k)o(eyseq)j Fl(di\013ers)f(from)f
Fg(k)o(eyname)k Fl(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)c(in)i(that)e(strings)h(denoting)h
(an)f(en)o(tire)g(k)o(ey)480 2670 y(sequence)i(can)f(b)q(e)h(sp)q
(eci\014ed,)i(b)o(y)d(placing)h(the)f(k)o(ey)g(sequence)h(in)g(double)h
(quotes.)p eop
43 44 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205
b(43)480 183 y(Some)18 b(GNU)g(Emacs)f(st)o(yle)h(k)o(ey)g(escap)q(es)g
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246 y(ample,)c(but)h(the)f(sp)q(ecial)i(c)o(haracter)e(names)g(are)g
(not)f(recognized.)600 308 y Fk("\\C-u":)23 b(universal-argument)600
358 y("\\C-x\\C-r":)f(re-read-init-file)600 407 y("\\e[11~":)h
("Function)f(Key)i(1")480 482 y Fl(In)13 b(the)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g
(example,)g(`)p Fk(C-u)p Fl(')f(is)h(b)q(ound)h(to)e(the)h(function)g
Fk(universal-argument)480 544 y Fl(\(just)g(as)f(it)i(w)o(as)e(in)i
(the)f(\014rst)g(example\),)h(`)p Fk(C-x)g(C-r)p Fl(')f(is)g(b)q(ound)i
(to)d(the)h(function)h Fk(re-)480 607 y(read-init-file)p
Fl(,)g(and)i(`)p Fk(ESC)e([)h(1)g(1)g(~)p Fl(')h(is)g(b)q(ound)h(to)f
(insert)g(the)g(text)f(`)p Fk(Function)480 669 y(Key)g(1)p
Fl('.)24 b(The)18 b(follo)o(wing)f(escap)q(e)h(sequences)g(are)f(a)o(v)
m(ailable)i(when)e(sp)q(ecifying)i(k)o(ey)480 731 y(sequences:)480
818 y Fk(\\C-)168 b Fl(con)o(trol)15 b(pre\014x)480 906
y Fk(\\M-)168 b Fl(meta)15 b(pre\014x)480 993 y Fk(\\e)192
b Fl(an)15 b(escap)q(e)h(c)o(haracter)480 1080 y Fk(\\\\)192
b Fl(bac)o(kslash)480 1167 y Fk(\\")g(")480 1254 y(\\')g(')480
1342 y Fl(When)14 b(en)o(tering)h(the)f(text)f(of)h(a)f(macro,)g
(single)j(or)d(double)i(quotes)f(should)h(b)q(e)f(used)480
1404 y(to)g(indicate)j(a)e(macro)f(de\014nition.)22 b(Unquoted)15
b(text)g(is)g(assumed)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(a)g(function)480
1466 y(name.)27 b(Bac)o(kslash)18 b(will)h(quote)e(an)o(y)g(c)o
(haracter)g(in)h(the)g(macro)f(text,)g(including)j Fk(")480
1528 y Fl(and)c Fk(')p Fl(.)22 b(F)l(or)16 b(example,)h(the)f(follo)o
(wing)h(binding)h(will)f(mak)o(e)f Fk(C-x)f(\\)g Fl(insert)i(a)f
(single)480 1591 y Fk(\\)f Fl(in)o(to)g(the)g(line:)600
1653 y Fk("\\C-x\\\\":)23 b("\\\\")0 1860 y Ff(7.3.2)30
b(Conditional)15 b(Init)g(Constructs)62 1997 y Fl(Readline)j(implemen)o
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i(compilation)f(features)f(of)g(the)g(C)0 2060 y(prepro)q(cessor)f
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(settings)e(to)f(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)h(as)e(the)h(result)g(of)g
(tests.)0 2122 y(There)h(are)g(three)h(parser)e(directiv)o(es)j(used.)0
2271 y Fk($if)168 b Fl(The)14 b Fk($if)e Fl(construct)h(allo)o(ws)h
(bindings)h(to)e(b)q(e)h(made)f(based)h(on)f(the)h(editing)g(mo)q(de,)g
(the)f(terminal)240 2334 y(b)q(eing)k(used,)e(or)g(the)g(application)i
(using)f(Readline.)22 b(The)16 b(text)f(of)g(the)g(test)g(extends)g(to)
g(the)g(end)240 2396 y(of)g(the)g(line;)i(no)e(c)o(haracters)f(are)h
(required)h(to)f(isolate)g(it.)240 2483 y Fk(mode)144
b Fl(The)19 b Fk(mode=)f Fl(form)g(of)h(the)g Fk($if)f
Fl(directiv)o(e)i(is)f(used)h(to)e(test)g(whether)h(Readline)i(is)480
2545 y(in)h Fk(emacs)f Fl(or)f Fk(vi)h Fl(mo)q(de.)38
b(This)22 b(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(used)g(in)g(conjunction)g(with)f(the)h(`)p
Fk(set)480 2608 y(keymap)p Fl(')d(command,)i(for)e(instance,)j(to)d
(set)h(bindings)i(in)f(the)f Fk(emacs-standard)480 2670
y Fl(and)15 b Fk(emacs-ctlx)f Fl(k)o(eymaps)h(only)h(if)f(Readline)j
(is)e(starting)e(out)h(in)h Fk(emacs)f Fl(mo)q(de.)p
eop
44 45 bop 0 -58 a Fl(44)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)240
183 y Fk(term)144 b Fl(The)21 b Fk(term=)f Fl(form)g(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)g
(used)h(to)e(include)j(terminal-sp)q(eci\014c)h(k)o(ey)c(bindings,)480
246 y(p)q(erhaps)15 b(to)f(bind)j(the)d(k)o(ey)h(sequences)h(output)e
(b)o(y)h(the)g(terminal's)g(function)h(k)o(eys.)480 308
y(The)f(w)o(ord)g(on)f(the)i(righ)o(t)e(side)i(of)f(the)g(`)p
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370 y(terminal)k(and)g(the)g(p)q(ortion)g(of)f(the)h(terminal)g(name)g
(b)q(efore)g(the)g(\014rst)f(`)p Fk(-)p Fl('.)29 b(This)480
432 y(allo)o(ws)15 b Fg(sun)h Fl(to)e(matc)o(h)h(b)q(oth)g
Fg(sun)h Fl(and)f Fg(sun-cmd)p Fl(,)h(for)f(instance.)240
510 y Fk(application)480 572 y Fl(The)j Fg(application)i
Fl(construct)e(is)g(used)h(to)e(include)k(application-sp)q(eci\014c)g
(settings.)480 634 y(Eac)o(h)d(program)g(using)h(the)f(Readline)j
(library)e(sets)f(the)h Fg(application)h(name)p Fl(,)f(and)480
697 y(y)o(ou)c(can)h(test)f(for)g(it.)21 b(This)16 b(could)g(b)q(e)h
(used)f(to)e(bind)j(k)o(ey)f(sequences)g(to)f(functions)480
759 y(useful)h(for)e(a)h(sp)q(eci\014c)i(program.)h(F)l(or)d(instance,)
g(the)g(follo)o(wing)h(command)e(adds)h(a)480 821 y(k)o(ey)g(sequence)h
(that)f(quotes)g(the)g(curren)o(t)g(or)g(previous)h(w)o(ord)e(in)i
(Bash:)600 886 y Fk($if)23 b(bash)600 936 y(#)h(Quote)f(the)g(current)g
(or)h(previous)f(word)600 986 y("\\C-xq":)g("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")600
1036 y($endif)0 1129 y($endif)96 b Fl(This)16 b(command,)e(as)h(y)o(ou)
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Fk($if)f Fl(command.)0 1222 y Fk($else)120 b Fl(Commands)15
b(in)h(this)f(branc)o(h)h(of)e(the)i Fk($if)e Fl(directiv)o(e)j(are)e
(executed)h(if)g(the)f(test)g(fails.)0 1472 y Fj(7.4)33
b(Bindable)16 b(Readline)h(Commands)0 1706 y Ff(7.4.1)30
b(Commands)15 b(F)-5 b(or)15 b(Mo)n(ving)0 1846 y Fk(beginning-of-line)
e(\(C-a\))240 1908 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(to)h(the)g(start)f(of)h(the)g
(curren)o(t)g(line.)0 1986 y Fk(end-of-line)f(\(C-e\))240
2048 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(to)h(the)g(end)h(of)f(the)g(line.)0
2126 y Fk(forward-char)f(\(C-f\))240 2188 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(forw)o(ard)
g(a)h(c)o(haracter.)0 2266 y Fk(backward-char)e(\(C-b\))240
2328 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(bac)o(k)h(a)g(c)o(haracter.)0
2406 y Fk(forward-word)f(\(M-f\))240 2468 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(forw)o(ard)
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(osed)h(of)e(letters)i(and)f(digits.)0 2545 y Fk(backward-word)e
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b(are)g(comp)q(osed)i(of)e(letters)240 2670 y(and)f(digits.)p
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45 46 bop 0 -58 a Fl(Chapter)15 b(7:)k(Command)c(Line)i(Editing)1205
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308 y(screen.)0 386 y Fk(redraw-current-line)e(\(\))240
448 y Fl(Refresh)j(the)f(curren)o(t)g(line.)22 b(By)15
b(default,)h(this)f(is)h(un)o(b)q(ound.)0 688 y Ff(7.4.2)30
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829 y Fk(accept-line)f(\(Newline,)g(Return\))240 891
y Fl(Accept)k(the)g(line)h(regardless)f(of)f(where)h(the)g(cursor)f
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(\(C-p\))240 1156 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(`up')h(through)g(the)g(history)g
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1375 y Fk(beginning-of-history)d(\(M-<\))240 1437 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)i(to)
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y Fk(end-of-history)e(\(M->\))240 1578 y Fl(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(to)h(the)g
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1718 y Fl(Searc)o(h)18 b(bac)o(kw)o(ard)f(starting)g(at)g(the)g(curren)
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1780 y(necessary)l(.)j(This)c(is)g(an)f(incremen)o(tal)h(searc)o(h.)0
1859 y Fk(forward-search-history)c(\(C-s\))240 1921 y
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1983 y(as)g(necessary)l(.)20 b(This)c(is)g(an)f(incremen)o(tal)h(searc)
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2264 y Fk(non-incremental-forward-se)o(arch-hi)o(story)c(\(M-n\))240
2327 y Fl(Searc)o(h)j(forw)o(ard)e(starting)h(at)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h
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2389 y(as)g(necessary)g(using)h(a)f(non-incremen)o(tal)i(searc)o(h)e
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2467 y Fk(history-search-forward)d(\(\))240 2529 y Fl(Searc)o(h)h(forw)
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2592 y(curren)o(t)j(line)i(and)e(the)h(curren)o(t)f(p)q(oin)o(t.)23
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46 47 bop 0 -58 a Fl(46)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0
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308 y(the)i(curren)o(t)g(line)h(and)f(the)g(curren)o(t)g(p)q(oin)o(t.)
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450 y Fk(yank-nth-arg)f(\(M-C-y\))240 512 y Fl(Insert)19
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841 y Fl(Insert)k(last)g(argumen)o(t)g(to)f(the)h(previous)h(command)f
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12 b(\(Rubout\))240 1630 y Fl(Delete)g(the)f(c)o(haracter)f(b)q(ehind)j
(the)e(cursor.)18 b(A)11 b(n)o(umeric)h(arg)e(sa)o(ys)g(to)g(kill)j
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1772 y Fk(quoted-insert)d(\(C-q,)i(C-v\))240 1834 y Fl(Add)i(the)f
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1897 y(sequences)f(lik)o(e)h Fk(C-Q)p Fl(,)d(for)h(example.)0
1976 y Fk(tab-insert)f(\(M-TAB\))240 2039 y Fl(Insert)h(a)g(tab)g(c)o
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f(the)h(cursor)240 2652 y(o)o(v)o(er)h(that)h(w)o(ord)f(as)h(w)o(ell.)p
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308 y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h(not)e(mo)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(cursor.)0
383 y Fk(downcase-word)e(\(M-l\))240 445 y Fl(Lo)o(w)o(ercase)g(the)i
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507 y(w)o(ord,)g(but)h(do)h(not)e(mo)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(cursor.)0
582 y Fk(capitalize-word)e(\(M-c\))240 644 y Fl(Capitalize)j(the)e
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1190 y Fk(backward-kill-line)e(\(C-x)h(Rubout\))240 1252
y Fl(Kill)j(bac)o(kw)o(ard)e(to)f(the)i(b)q(eginning)h(of)e(the)g
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y Fl(Kill)j(bac)o(kw)o(ard)d(from)f(the)i(cursor)f(to)g(the)h(b)q
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1527 y Fk(kill-whole-line)e(\(\))240 1589 y Fl(Kill)18
b(all)f(c)o(haracters)e(on)h(the)g(curren)o(t)f(line,)j(no)e(matter)e
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1651 y(is)f(un)o(b)q(ound.)0 1726 y Fk(kill-word)e(\(M-d\))240
1789 y Fl(Kill)j(from)d(the)h(cursor)g(to)f(the)h(end)g(of)g(the)g
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Fl(.)0 1926 y Fk(backward-kill-word)e(\(M-DEL\))240 1988
y Fl(Kill)k(the)f(w)o(ord)e(b)q(ehind)j(the)f(cursor.)j(W)l(ord)c(b)q
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Fl(.)0 2063 y Fk(unix-word-rubout)f(\(C-w\))240 2125
y Fl(Kill)i(the)e(w)o(ord)f(b)q(ehind)j(the)f(cursor,)e(using)i(white)f
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2262 y Fk(delete-horizontal-space)d(\(\))240 2325 y Fl(Delete)k(all)g
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2462 y Fl(Y)l(ank)g(the)h(top)f(of)f(the)i(kill)h(ring)e(in)o(to)g(the)
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2537 y Fk(yank-pop)f(\(M-y\))240 2599 y Fl(Rotate)f(the)h(kill-ring,)i
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48 49 bop 0 -58 a Fl(48)1623 b(Bash)15 b(F)l(eatures)0
183 y Ff(7.4.5)30 b(Sp)r(ecifying)15 b(Numeric)h(Argumen)n(ts)0
324 y Fk(digit-argument)d(\(M-0,)i(M-1,)f(...)h(M--\))240
386 y Fl(Add)k(this)f(digit)h(to)f(the)g(argumen)o(t)f(already)i(accum)
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448 y(starts)14 b(a)h(negativ)o(e)g(argumen)o(t.)0 527
y Fk(universal-argument)e(\(\))240 589 y Fl(Eac)o(h)k(time)h(this)g(is)
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(y)d(four.)26 b(The)18 b(argumen)o(t)240 651 y(coun)o(t)i(is)h
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1157 y Fl(A)o(ttempt)i(to)h(do)g(completion)i(on)e(the)g(text)g(b)q
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240 1219 y(Generally)l(,)h(if)f(y)o(ou)f(are)h(t)o(yping)g(a)f
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1812 y Fk(possible-completions)p Fl(.)17 b(By)e(default,)h(this)f(is)h
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240 2255 y Fl(Begin)h(sa)o(ving)f(the)h(c)o(haracters)e(t)o(yp)q(ed)i
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2458 y(tion.)0 2537 y Fk(call-last-kbd-macro)f(\(C-x)h(e\))240
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240 2661 y(app)q(ear)c(as)g(if)h(t)o(yp)q(ed)f(at)g(the)g(k)o(eyb)q
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