Imported from ../bash-1.14.7.tar.gz.

[platform/upstream/bash.git] / documentation / builtins.ps

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(disables option checking for the)2.976 F 1.348(rest of the ar)144 350.4 R
3.848(guments. If)-.18 F(the)3.848 E F1<ad56>3.848 E F0(or)3.848 E F1<ad76>
3.848 E F0 1.348(option is supplied, the e)3.848 F 1.349(xit status is 0 if)
-.15 F F2(command)3.849 E F0 -.1(wa)3.849 G(s).1 E 1.306(found, and 1 if not.)
144 362.4 R 1.305(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.306
F F2(command)3.805 E F0 1.305(cannot be)3.805 F .092(found, the e)144 374.4 R
.092(xit status is 127.)-.15 F .092(Otherwise, the e)5.092 F .092
(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)2.592 E F0 -.2(bu)2.592 G .093
(iltin is the e).2 F .093(xit status of)-.15 F F2(command)144 386.4 Q F0(.).77
E F1(continue)108 403.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .065(Resume the ne)144 415.2
R .065(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)2.565 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)2.565 E F0 2.564(,o)C(r)366.104 415.2 Q F1(until)2.564 E F0 2.564
(loop. If)2.564 F F2(n)2.564 E F0 .064(is speci\214ed, resume at the)2.564 F F2
(n)144 427.2 Q F0 1.168(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.169 E F0 1.169(must be)
3.669 F F3<b3>3.669 E F0 3.669(1. If)3.669 F F2(n)3.669 E F0 1.169
(is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last)3.669 F 1.594
(enclosing loop \(the `top\255le)144 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.593
(l' loop\) is resumed.).15 F 1.593(The return v)6.593 F 1.593
(alue is 0 unless the shell is not)-.25 F -.15(exe)144 451.2 S
(cuting a loop when).15 E F1(continue)2.5 E F0(is e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted.).15 E F1(declar)108 468 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255frxi)A F0 2.5(][)C
F2(name)175.16 468 Q F0([=)A F2(value)A F0(]])A F1(typeset)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E
F1(\255frxi)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)174.23 480 Q F0([=)A F2(value)A F0(]])A 1.098
(Declare v)144 492 R 1.098(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.398 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
1.098(hem attrib).15 F 3.598(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.598 E F2(name)3.598 E F0 3.598
(sa)C 1.098(re gi)394.362 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.098(n, then display the v).15
F 1.098(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 504 S 2.492(riables instead.).25 F 2.491
(The options can be used to restrict output to v)7.492 F 2.491
(ariables with the speci\214ed)-.25 F(attrib)144 516 Q(ute.)-.2 E F1<ad66>144
528 Q F0(Use function names only)180 528 Q F1<ad72>144 540 Q F0(Mak)180 540 Q
(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)241.642 540 Q 7.546(.T)-.65 G
2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)288.808 540 R 2.547
(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements.)180 552 Q F1<ad78>144 564 Q
F0(Mark)180 564 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)235.54 564 Q
(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E F1<ad69>144
576 Q F0 .558(The v)180 576 R .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558
(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F4 .557
(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION \))180 588 Q F0
(is performed when the v)2.25 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E
1.218(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 604.8 R 3.719(ft)-.25 G 1.219
(he attrib)289.369 604.8 R 1.219(ute instead.)-.2 F 1.219
(When used in a function, mak)6.219 F(es)-.1 E F2(name)3.719 E F0(s)A .236
(local, as with the)144 616.8 R F1(local)2.736 E F0 2.735(command. The)2.736 F
.235(return v)2.735 F .235(alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.735
(lo).05 G .235(ption is encountered, an)443.755 616.8 R .435
(attempt is made to de\214ne a function using "-f foo=bar", one of the)144
628.8 R F2(names)2.935 E F0 .435(is not a le)2.935 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.935(ls)
.05 G .435(hell v)503.435 628.8 R(ari-)-.25 E .52
(able name, an attempt is made to turn of)144 640.8 R 3.019(fr)-.25 G .519
(eadonly status for a readonly v)318.399 640.8 R .519
(ariable, or an attempt is)-.25 F(made to display a non-e)144 652.8 Q
(xistant function with -f.)-.15 E F1(dirs [-l] [+/\255n])108 669.6 Q F0 1.505
(Display the list of currently remembered directories.)144 681.6 R 1.505
(Directories are added to the list with the)6.505 F F1(pushd)144 693.6 Q F0
(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command mo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(sb).15
G(ack up through the list.)331.5 693.6 Q F1(+n)144 705.6 Q F0 .13(displays the)
180 705.6 R F2(n)2.63 E F0 .13(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)
B .13(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.63 E F0 .13(when in)2.63 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2
G 2.63(dw).1 G(ith-)526.11 705.6 Q(out options, starting with zero.)180 717.6 Q
170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(2)535 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F0 1.342(displays the)180 84 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.842
E F0 1.342(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.342(wn by)-.25
F F1(dirs)3.842 E F0 1.342(when in)3.842 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
(without options, starting with zero.)180 96 Q F1<ad6c>144 108 Q F0 .362
(produces a longer listing; the def)180 108 R .361
(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F(tory)180 120
Q(.)-.65 E .38(The return v)144 136.8 R .38(alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G 2.88(lo).05 G .381(ption is supplied or)303.79 136.8 R F2(n)
2.881 E F0(inde)2.881 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.881(sb).15 G -.15(ey)430.775 136.8 S
.381(ond the end of the direc-).15 F(tory stack.)144 148.8 Q F1(echo)108 165.6
Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)164.8 165.6 Q(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5
E .267(Output the)144 177.6 R F2(ar)2.767 E(g)-.37 E F0 .267
(s, separated by spaces.)B .267(The return status is al)5.267 F -.1(wa)-.1 G
.266(ys 0.).1 F(If)5.266 E F1<ad6e>2.766 E F0 .266
(is speci\214ed, the trailing)2.766 F(ne)144 189.6 Q .31(wline is suppressed.)
-.25 F .311(If the)5.31 F F1<ad65>2.811 E F0 .311(option is gi)2.811 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .311(n, interpretation of the follo).15 F .311(wing backslash-escaped)
-.25 F .874(characters is enabled.)144 201.6 R(The)5.874 E F1<ad45>3.374 E F0
.874(option disables the interpretation of these escape characters, e)3.374 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(on systems where the)144 213.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(re interpreted by def)241.61 213.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(\\a)144 225.6 Q F0
(alert \(bell\))180 225.6 Q F1(\\b)144 237.6 Q F0(backspace)180 237.6 Q F1(\\c)
144 249.6 Q F0(suppress trailing ne)180 249.6 Q(wline)-.25 E F1(\\f)144 261.6 Q
F0(form feed)180 261.6 Q F1(\\n)144 273.6 Q F0(ne)180 273.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G
(ine)201.69 273.6 Q F1(\\r)144 285.6 Q F0(carriage return)180 285.6 Q F1(\\t)
144 297.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 297.6 Q F1(\\v)144 309.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180
309.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 321.6 Q F0(backslash)180 321.6 Q F1(\\nnn)
144 333.6 Q F0(the character whose ASCII code is)180 333.6 Q F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
(\(octal\))2.5 E F1(enable)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
(\255all)162.03 350.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)187.45 350.4 Q F0(...])2.5 E .682
(Enable and disable b)144 362.4 R .683(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .683
(This allo)5.683 F .683(ws the e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .683
(cution of a disk command which).15 F .324(has the same name as a shell b)144
374.4 R .324(uiltin without specifying a full pathname.)-.2 F(If)5.324 E F1
<ad6e>2.824 E F0 .324(is used, each)2.824 F F2(name)2.823 E F0 .18
(is disabled; otherwise,)144 386.4 R F2(names)2.68 E F0 .18(are enabled.)2.68 F
-.15(Fo)5.18 G 2.68(re).15 G .181(xample, to use the)338.81 386.4 R F1(test)
2.681 E F0 .181(binary found via the)2.681 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)
2.681 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .749(instead of the shell b)144 398.4 R .749(uiltin v)-.2
F .749(ersion, type `)-.15 F .748(`enable -n test')-.74 F 3.248('. If)-.74 F
.748(no ar)3.248 F .748(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .748
(n, a list of all).15 F .424(enabled shell b)144 410.4 R .424
(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F .424(If only)5.424 F F1<ad6e>2.924 E F0 .425
(is supplied, a list of all disabled b)2.924 F .425(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F
(If)5.425 E(only)144 422.4 Q F1(\255all)2.547 E F0 .047
(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)2.547 F .046
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each)-.2 F .28(is enabled.)144
434.4 R F1(enable)5.28 E F0(accepts)2.78 E F1<ad61>2.78 E F0 .28(as a synon)
2.78 F .28(ym for)-.15 F F1(\255all)2.78 E F0 5.28(.T)C .281(he return v)370.8
434.4 R .281(alue is 0 unless a)-.25 F F2(name)2.781 E F0 .281(is not a)2.781 F
(shell b)144 446.4 Q(uiltin.)-.2 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 463.2 T(l).15 E F0([)
2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 475.2 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0
3.171(sa)C .671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)
187.742 475.2 R .67(This command is then read)5.67 F .164(and e)144 487.2 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .164(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .165
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .165(alue of the)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.665 H(l).15 E F0 2.665(command. If)2.665 F(there)2.665 E(are no)144
499.2 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,o).27 G 2.5(ro)198.89 499.2 S
(nly null ar)209.72 499.2 Q(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0
(returns true.)2.5 E F1(exec)108 516 Q F0([[)2.5 E F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(command)
2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 528 Q F2(command)2.91 E
F0 .41(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)2.91 F .41(No ne)5.41 F 2.91(wp)
-.25 G .41(rocess is created.)371.42 528 R(The)5.41 E F2(ar)2.91 E(guments)-.37
E F0(become)2.91 E 1.238(the ar)144 540 R 1.238(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)
3.738 E F0 6.238(.I)C 3.738(ft)267.642 540 S 1.238(he \214rst ar)277.49 540 R
1.238(gument is)-.18 F F1<ad>3.738 E F0 3.738(,t)C 1.239
(he shell places a dash in the zeroth ar)376.42 540 R(g)-.18 E 1.049(passed to)
144 552 R F2(command)3.549 E F0 6.049(.T).77 G 1.048(his is what login does.)
239.847 552 R 1.048(If the \214le cannot be e)6.048 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.048
(cuted for some reason, a).15 F(non-interacti)144 564 Q .91 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
.611(hell e).15 F .611(xits, unless the shell v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1
(no_exit_on_failed_exec)3.111 E F0 -.15(ex)3.111 G .611(ists, in which case).15
F .333(it returns f)144 576 R 2.833(ailure. An)-.1 F(interacti)2.833 E .633
-.15(ve s)-.25 H .333(hell returns f).15 F .332
(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.832(cuted. If).15 F F2
(command)2.832 E F0(is)2.832 E(not speci\214ed, an)144 588 Q 2.5(yr)-.15 G
(edirections tak)219.95 588 Q 2.5(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)289.83 588 S
(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 E F1(exit)108 604.8
Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0 6.29(]C)C .122(ause the shell to e)150.67 604.8 R .122
(xit with a status of)-.15 F F2(n)2.623 E F0 5.123(.I)C(f)315.064 604.8 Q F2(n)
2.623 E F0 .123(is omitted, the e)2.623 F .123
(xit status is that of the last command)-.15 F -.15(exe)144 616.8 S 2.5
(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 633.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255nf)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)166.183 633.6 Q F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 645.6 Q F0 .306(The supplied)144 657.6 R F2
(names)2.806 E F0 .306(are mark)2.806 F .305(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .305
(xport to the en)-.15 F .305(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted).15 E 2.693(commands. If)144 669.6 R(the)2.693 E F1<ad66>2.693 E F0 .193
(option is gi)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .193(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.693 E F0 .193
(refer to functions.)2.693 F .193(If no)5.193 F F2(names)2.693 E F0 .193
(are gi)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .194(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 681.6 Q F0
.66(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16 F .659
(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F1<ad6e>3.159 E F0
(option)3.159 E .537(causes the e)144 693.6 R .537(xport property to be remo)
-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.037(df).15 G .537(rom the named v)318.099 693.6 R 3.038
(ariables. An)-.25 F(ar)3.038 E .538(gument of)-.18 F F1<adad>3.038 E F0
(disables)3.038 E .666(option checking for the rest of the ar)144 705.6 R
(guments.)-.18 E F1(export)5.665 E F0 .665(returns an e)3.165 F .665
(xit status of 0 unless an ille)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(l).05 E .32
(option is encountered, one of the)144 717.6 R F2(names)2.82 E F0 .32
(is not a le)2.82 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.82(ls).05 G .32(hell v)366.18 717.6 R .32
(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.82 E F0 .32(is supplied with a)2.82 F F2
(name)144 729.6 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.5 E 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R
(September 16)2.5 E(3)535 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(fc)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1(\255nlr)169.5 84 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<8c72>197.14 84 Q(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)
C F2(last)221.76 84 Q F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108 96 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2
-.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(cmd)174.23 96 Q F0(])A .665(Fix Command.)144
108 R .665(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.665 F F2<8c72>3.164
E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.164 E F2(last)3.164 E F0 .664(is selected from the his-)
3.164 F .967(tory list.)144 120 R F2 -.45(Fi)5.967 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0
(and)3.467 E F2(last)3.467 E F0 .967
(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)3.467 F .968
(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144 132 R
3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)300.756 132 R -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an).15 F(of)144
144 Q .321(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.322 E F2(last)
2.822 E F0 .322(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)2.822 F
.019(for listing \(so that)144 156 R F1 .019(fc \255l \25510)2.519 F F0 .019
(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)2.519 F F2<8c72>2.519 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.519
(otherwise. If)2.519 F F2<8c72>2.519 E(st)-.1 E F0 .019(is not spec-)2.519 F
(i\214ed it is set to the pre)144 168 Q
(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 192 Q F1
<ad6e>2.92 E F0 .42(\215ag suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.92 F
(The)5.421 E F1<ad72>2.921 E F0 .421(\215ag re)2.921 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .421
(rses the order of the).15 F 3.642(commands. If)144 204 R(the)3.642 E F1<ad6c>
3.642 E F0 1.142(\215ag is gi)3.642 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.142
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F 1.142(Otherwise, the)
6.142 F .378(editor gi)144 216 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.878(nb).15 G(y)199.906 216 Q
F2(ename)2.878 E F0 .378(is in)2.878 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.878(do).1 G
2.878(na\214)285.708 216 S .378(le containing those commands.)306.464 216 R(If)
5.378 E F2(ename)2.878 E F0 .379(is not gi)2.879 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .379(n, the)
.15 F -.25(va)144 228 S .805(lue of the).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.305
E F0 -.25(va)3.055 G .805(riable is used, and the v).25 F .805(alue of)-.25 F
F3(EDIT)3.305 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)3.054 E F3(FCEDIT)3.304 E F0 .804(is not set.)
3.054 F .804(If neither)5.804 F -.25(va)144 240 S(riable is set, is used.).25 E
(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 264 R F2(command)2.539 E F0
.039(is re-e)2.539 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2
(pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by)2.54 F F2 -.37(re)2.54 G(p).37 E F0 5.04(.A)C
(useful)515.56 264 Q 1.009(alias to use with this is `)144 276 R 1.008
(`r=fc \255s')-.74 F 1.008(', so that typing `)-.74 F 1.008(`r cc')-.74 F 3.508
('r)-.74 G 1.008(uns the last command be)385.39 276 R 1.008(ginning with)-.15 F
-.74(``)144 288 S(cc').74 E 2.5('a)-.74 G(nd typing `)171.66 288 Q(`r')-.74 E
2.5('r)-.74 G(e-e)233.22 288 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E
.426(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 312 R .427
(alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.927(lo).05 G .427
(ption is encountered or)399.768 312 R F2<8c72>2.927 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)2.927 E
F2(last)2.927 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 324 R .454
(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454(option is supplied, the return v)2.954
F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 336
R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787(cuted or f).15 F .788
(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F .788
(If the)5.788 F 1.196
(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144 348 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.196(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.696 E F0 1.196(does not)3.696
F(specify a v)144 360 Q(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0
(returns f)2.5 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A
(Place)144 388.8 Q F2(jobspec)3.041 E F0 .541(in the fore)3.041 F .542
(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.042(ei)-.1 G 3.042(tt)323.06 388.8 S .542
(he current job)331.662 388.8 R 5.542(.I)-.4 G(f)399.258 388.8 Q F2(jobspec)
3.042 E F0 .542(is not present, the shell')3.042 F(s)-.55 E .958(notion of the)
144 400.8 R F2(curr)3.458 E .958(ent job)-.37 F F0 .957(is used.)3.457 F .957
(The return v)5.957 F .957(alue is that of the command placed into the fore-)
-.25 F .194(ground, or f)144 412.8 R .194
(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.695(,w)-.4 G .195
(hen run with job control enabled, if)378.655 412.8 R F2(job-)2.695 E(spec)144
424.8 Q F0(does not specify a v)2.5 E(alid job or)-.25 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0
(speci\214es a job that w)2.5 E(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1
(getopts)108 441.6 Q F2(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])
A F1(getopts)144 453.6 Q F0 .828
(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.328 F F2
(optstring)5.827 E F0 .827(contains the option)3.327 F .602
(letters to be recognized; if a letter is follo)144 465.6 R .603
(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .603(xpected to ha)-.15 F .903 -.15
(ve a)-.2 H 3.103(na).15 G -.18(rg)523.52 465.6 S(u-).18 E .7
(ment, which should be separated from it by white space.)144 477.6 R .7
(Each time it is in)5.7 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)3.2 E F0
(places)3.2 E .008(the ne)144 489.6 R .008(xt option in the shell v)-.15 F
(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.508 E F0 2.508(,i).18 G(nitializing)316.884 489.6 Q
F2(name)2.508 E F0 .009(if it does not e)2.508 F .009(xist, and the inde)-.15 F
2.509(xo)-.15 G 2.509(ft)521.941 489.6 S(he)530.56 489.6 Q(ne)144 501.6 Q .199
(xt ar)-.15 F .199(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F3
(OPTIND)2.699 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)4.699 E F0 .198
(is initialized to 1 each time the)2.449 F .497(shell or a shell script is in)
144 513.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.997(d. When).1 F .498
(an option requires an ar)2.997 F(gument,)-.18 E F1(getopts)2.998 E F0 .498
(places that ar)2.998 F(gu-)-.18 E .028(ment into the v)144 525.6 R(ariable)
-.25 E F3(OPT)2.528 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0 .028(The shell does not reset)4.528
F F3(OPTIND)2.528 E F0 .027(automatically; it must be manu-)2.278 F .161
(ally reset between multiple calls to)144 537.6 R F1(getopts)2.661 E F0 .161
(within the same shell in)2.661 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .161(cation if a ne).2 F 2.662
(ws)-.25 G .162(et of param-)490.806 537.6 R(eters is to be used.)144 549.6 Q
F1(getopts)144 573.6 Q F0 1.252(can report errors in tw)3.752 F 3.752(ow)-.1 G
3.752(ays. If)287.942 573.6 R 1.252(the \214rst character of)3.752 F F2
(optstring)3.752 E F0 1.251(is a colon,)3.752 F F2(silent)3.751 E F0(error)
3.751 E 1.442(reporting is used.)144 585.6 R 1.442
(In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when ille)6.442 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G 3.943(lo).05 G 1.443(ptions or)503.277 585.6 R .654(missing option ar)
144 597.6 R .653(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .653(If the v)5.653 F(ariable)
-.25 E F3(OPTERR)3.153 E F0 .653(is set to 0, no error message)2.903 F
(will be displayed, e)144 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)241.09
609.6 S(he \214rst character of)249.7 609.6 Q F2(optstring)2.5 E F0
(is not a colon.)2.5 E .826(If an ille)144 633.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.326(lo).05
G .826(ption is seen,)199.878 633.6 R F1(getopts)3.326 E F0 .826(places ? into)
3.326 F F2(name)3.326 E F0 .826(and, if not silent, prints an error message)
3.326 F .4(and unsets)144 645.6 R F3(OPT)2.9 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E
F1(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)
2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .399(and no)2.649 F
(diagnostic message is printed.)144 657.6 Q 1.241(If a required ar)144 681.6 R
1.241(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241
(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1(?).833 E F0 3.742(\)i).833 G
3.742(sp)494.746 681.6 S 1.242(laced in)507.378 681.6 R F2(name)144 693.6 Q F0
(,).18 E F1(OPT)3.357 E(ARG)-.9 E F0 .856
(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)3.357 F(If)5.856 E F1(getopts)
3.356 E F0 .856(is silent, then a colon)3.356 F(\()144 705.6 Q F1(:).833 E F0
2.5(\)i).833 G 2.5(sp)160.936 705.6 S(laced in)172.326 705.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(and)2.5 E F3(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)
2.25 E F1(getopts)144 729.6 Q F0 2.392
(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392(ut if more ar)-.2 F
2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893(ni).15 G(n)509.927 729.6 Q F2
(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E
(4)535 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(getopts)144 84 Q F0 .651(parses those instead.)3.151 F F1(getopts)5.651 E F0
.651(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)3.151 F
(It returns f)144 96 Q
(alse if the end of options is encountered or an error occurs.)-.1 E F1(hash)
108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad72>A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)
153.14 112.8 Q F0(])A -.15(Fo)144 124.8 S 2.819(re).15 G(ach)164.999 124.8 Q F2
(name)2.819 E F0 2.819(,t).18 G .319
(he full pathname of the command is determined and remembered.)211.637 124.8 R
(The)5.32 E F1<ad72>2.82 E F0(option)2.82 E .508(causes the shell to for)144
136.8 R .508(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F .508(If no ar)5.508 F .508
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .507(n, information about).15 F .193
(remembered commands is printed.)144 148.8 R .193(An ar)5.193 F .193(gument of)
-.18 F F1<adad>2.693 E F0 .194(disables option checking for the rest of the)
2.693 F(ar)144 160.8 Q 2.5(guments. The)-.18 F(return status is true unless a)
2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is not found or an ille)2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(lo).05
G(ption is supplied.)453.86 160.8 Q F1(help)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pattern)A
F0(])A .991(Display helpful information about b)144 189.6 R .991
(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.991 E F2(pattern)3.491 E F0 .991(is speci\214ed,)
3.491 F F1(help)3.491 E F0(gi)3.49 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.49(sd).15 G(etailed)
513.34 189.6 Q .408(help on all commands matching)144 201.6 R F2(pattern)2.909
E F0 2.909(;o).24 G .409(therwise a list of the b)316.13 201.6 R .409
(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F .409(The return sta-)5.409 F
(tus is 0 unless no command matches)144 213.6 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1
(history)108 230.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(history \255rwan)108 242.4 Q
F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 254.4 S .752
(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F .752
(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2 G .375
(been modi\214ed.)144 266.4 R .375(An ar)5.375 F .375(gument of)-.18 F F2(n)
2.875 E F0 .375(lists only the last)2.875 F F2(n)2.875 E F0 2.875(lines. If)
2.875 F 2.876(an)2.876 G .376(on-option ar)411.832 266.4 R .376
(gument is supplied,)-.18 F .811
(it is used as the name of the history \214le; if not, the v)144 278.4 R .811
(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTFILE)3.311 E F0 .811(is used.)3.061 F
.811(Options, if sup-)5.811 F(plied, ha)144 290.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 302.4 Q F0 .598(Append the `)
180 302.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598
(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)266.424 302.4 R .599
(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 314.4 Q F0
(session\) to the history \214le)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 326.4 Q F0 .854(Read the hi\
story lines not already read from the history \214le into the current history \
list.)180 326.4 R .772
(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 338.4 R .773
(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E(sion.)180 350.4
Q F1<ad72>144 362.4 Q F0
(Read the contents of the history \214le and use them as the current history)
180 362.4 Q F1<ad77>144 374.4 Q F0
(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)180 374.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.)474.4 374.4 Q .989
(The return v)144 391.2 R .989(alue is 0 unless an ille)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G
3.489(lo).05 G .989(ption is encountered or an error occurs while reading or)
308.662 391.2 R(writing the history \214le.)144 403.2 Q F1(jobs)108 420 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255lnp)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108
432 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E .297
(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 444 R .598 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.798
(obs. The).15 F F1<ad6c>2.798 E F0 .298
(option lists process IDs in addition to the normal infor)2.798 F(-)-.2 E .746
(mation; the)144 456 R F1<ad70>3.246 E F0 .745
(option lists only the process ID of the job')3.246 F 3.245(sp)-.55 G .745
(rocess group leader)394.205 456 R 5.745(.T)-.55 G(he)487.25 456 Q F1<ad6e>
3.245 E F0(option)3.245 E 2.08(displays only jobs that ha)144 468 R 2.38 -.15
(ve c)-.2 H 2.081(hanged status since last noti\214ed.).15 F(If)7.081 E F2
(jobspec)4.581 E F0 2.081(is gi)4.581 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.081(n, output is).15 F
.727(restricted to information about that job)144 480 R 5.727(.T)-.4 G .727
(he return status is 0 unless an ille)316.282 480 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.227(lo).05
G .726(ption is encoun-)474.108 480 R(tered or an ille)144 492 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
(l).05 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0(is supplied.)2.5 E .607(If the)144 516 R F1<ad78>
3.107 E F0 .607(option is supplied,)3.107 F F1(jobs)3.107 E F0 .607
(replaces an)3.107 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)3.107 E F0 .607(found in)3.107 F F2
(command)3.107 E F0(or)3.107 E F2(ar)3.107 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .607(with the corre-)
3.107 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 528 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E
F2(command)2.5 E F0(passing it)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G
(eturning its e)418.56 528 Q(xit status.)-.15 E F1(kill)108 544.8 Q F0([)2.5 E
F1(-s sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F1(\255sigspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)219.31 544.8
Q F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)277.97 544.8 Q F1(kill \255l)108
556.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(signum)A F0(])A .943(Send the signal named by)144 568.8 R
F2(sigspec)3.443 E F0 .942(to the processes named by)3.443 F F2(pid)3.442 E F0
(or)3.442 E F2(jobspec)3.442 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.942 E F0 .942
(is either a)3.442 F .908(signal name such as)144 580.8 R F3(SIGKILL)3.408 E F0
.908(or a signal number)3.158 F 5.908(.I)-.55 G(f)359.638 580.8 Q F2(sigspec)
3.408 E F0 .908(is a signal name, the name is case)3.408 F(insensiti)144 592.8
Q 2.43 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.13(nd may be gi).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.63(nw).15 G
2.13(ith or without the)279.67 592.8 R F3(SIG)4.63 E F0 4.629(pre\214x. If)
4.379 F F2(sigspec)4.629 E F0 2.129(is not present, then)4.629 F F3(SIGTERM)144
604.8 Q F0 .813(is assumed.)3.063 F .813(An ar)5.813 F .813(gument of)-.18 F F1
<ad6c>3.313 E F0 .814(lists the signal names.)3.313 F .814(If an)5.814 F 3.314
(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)450.232 604.8 S .814(uments are supplied).18 F(when)144
616.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.827 E F0 .327(is gi)2.827 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .327(n, the names\
 of the speci\214ed signals are listed, and the return status is 0.).15 F .326
(An ar)5.326 F(gu-)-.18 E .484(ment of)144 628.8 R F1<adad>2.984 E F0 .484
(disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.984 F(guments.)-.18 E F1
(kill)5.485 E F0 .485(returns true if at least one)2.985 F(signal w)144 640.8 Q
(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 E(alse if an error occurs or an ille)-.1 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G 2.5(lo).05 G(ption is encountered.)419.09 640.8 Q F1(let)108 657.6 Q
F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144 669.6 Q
F2(ar)3.677 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.177(is an arithmetic e)3.677 F 1.177
(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.177(luated \(see).25 F F3 1.176
(ARITHMETIC EV)3.677 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0 1.176(If the)5.676 F(last)144 681.6 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0
(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 698.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
(name)A F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])194.45 698.4 Q -.15(Fo)144 710.4 S
3.276(re).15 G .776(ach ar)165.456 710.4 R .776(gument, create a local v)-.18 F
.776(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)3.276 E F0 3.276(,a).18 G .776(nd assign it)
380.784 710.4 R F2(value)3.276 E F0 5.777(.W).18 G(hen)470.729 710.4 Q F1
(local)3.277 E F0 .777(is used)3.277 F .131(within a function, it causes the v)
144 722.4 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.631 E F0 .131(to ha)2.631 F .431 -.15
(ve a v)-.2 H .13(isible scope restricted to that function and).15 F 170.955
(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(5)535 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .232(its children.)
144 84 R -.4(Wi)5.232 G .232(th no operands,).4 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(local)
2.733 E F0 .233(writes a list of local v)2.733 F .233
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F .233(It is an)5.233 F .42
(error to use)144 96 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(when not within a function.)2.92
F .42(The return status is 0 unless)5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42
(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, or an ille)144 108 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G(l).05 E
/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(is supplied.)2.5 E F1(logout)108 124.8 Q
F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1(popd)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+/\255n)A F0(])
A(Remo)144 153.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299
(ntries from the directory stack.)188.159 153.6 R -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299(th no ar)
.4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G .3
(he top directory from the)438.82 153.6 R(stack, and performs a)144 165.6 Q F1
(cd)2.5 E F0(to the ne)2.5 E 2.5(wt)-.25 G(op directory)291.22 165.6 Q(.)-.65 E
F1(+n)144 177.6 Q F0(remo)180 177.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.849(st).15 G(he)219.209
177.6 Q F2(n)2.849 E F0 .349(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B
.349(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)2.848 E F0 2.848(,s)C .348(tarting with zero.)470.704
177.6 R -.15(Fo)180 189.6 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample: `)200.53 189.6 Q(`popd +0')
-.74 E 2.5('r)-.74 G(emo)286.06 189.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G
(he \214rst directory)321.59 189.6 Q 2.5(,`)-.65 G(`popd +1')394.63 189.6 Q 2.5
('t)-.74 G(he second.)442.3 189.6 Q F1<ad6e>144 201.6 Q F0(remo)180 201.6 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.501(st).15 G(he)218.861 201.6 Q F2(n)2.501 E F0 .001
(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B .001(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)
2.502 E F0 2.502(,s)C .002(tarting with zero.)471.396 201.6 R -.15(Fo)180 213.6
S 2.5(re).15 G(xample: `)200.53 213.6 Q(`popd -0')-.74 E 2.5('r)-.74 G(emo)
283.75 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)319.28 213.6 Q 2.5
(,`)-.65 G(`popd -1')390.65 213.6 Q 2.5('t)-.74 G(he ne)436.01 213.6 Q
(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144 230.4 R F1(popd)3.144 E F0 .644
(command is successful, a)3.144 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643
(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.643 E F0
.57(returns f)144 242.4 R .57(alse if an ille)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.07(lo).05
G .571(ption is encountered, the directory stack is empty)251.25 242.4 R 3.071
(,an)-.65 G(on-e)469.319 242.4 Q .571(xistent direc-)-.15 F
(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 254.4 Q(ails.)
-.1 E F1(pushd)108 271.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(dir)A F0(])A F1(pushd +/\255n)108
283.2 Q F0 .64(Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates \
the stack, making the ne)144 295.2 R 3.139(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)503.172
295.2 R 1.315(stack the current w)144 307.2 R 1.315(orking directory)-.1 F
6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)306.885 307.2 R 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316
(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G 1.316(irectories and)484.534 307.2 R
(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 319.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1(+n)144
331.2 Q F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 331.2 R F2(n)3.768 E F0
1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)-.25
F F1(dirs)180 343.2 Q F0 2.5(\)i)C 2.5(sa)205.28 343.2 S 2.5(tt)216.11 343.2 S
(he top.)224.17 343.2 Q F1<ad6e>144 355.2 Q F0(Rotates the stack so that the)
180 355.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0
(th directory \(counting from the right\) is at the top.)A F1(dir)144 367.2 Q
F0(adds)180 367.2 Q F2(dir)2.5 E F0
(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)2.5 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G
(urrent w)422.5 367.2 Q(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 384 R
F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0
.488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1
(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.103(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 396 R F2(dir)3.603 E F0
-.1(fa)3.603 G 3.603(ils. W).1 F 1.103(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)
3.603 E F0 1.103(returns 0 unless the directory)3.603 F .846(stack is empty)144
408 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)220.894 408 Q .847(xistant directory stack element\
 is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 420 Q
2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)205.4 420 Q(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 436.8 Q F0
.725(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 436.8 R .724
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.724(.T)-.65 G .724(he path printed contains no sym-)
405.56 436.8 R .521(bolic links if the)144 448.8 R F1<ad50>3.021 E F0 .521
(option to the)3.021 F F1(set)3.021 E F0 -.2(bu)3.021 G .521
(iltin command is set.).2 F .521(See also the description of)5.521 F F1
(nolinks)3.022 E F0(under)144 460.8 Q F1 .074(Shell V)2.574 F(ariables)-.92 E
F0(abo)2.574 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.574(\). The).15 F .074
(return status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the path-)2.574 F
(name of the current directory)144 472.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1 -.18(re)108 489.6 S(ad)
.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1<ad72>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)152.39 489.6 Q F0(...])2.5 E
.036(One line is read from the standard input, and the \214rst w)144 501.6 R
.037(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 2.537(,t).18 G
.037(he second)500.253 501.6 R -.1(wo)144 513.6 S .109(rd to the second).1 F F2
(name)2.609 E F0 2.609(,a).18 G .109(nd so on, with lefto)254.045 513.6 R -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.609(rw).15 G .109(ords assigned to the last)354.18 513.6 R F2
(name)2.609 E F0 5.109(.O).18 G .108(nly the char)489.444 513.6 R(-)-.2 E .143
(acters in)144 525.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.643 E F0 .143
(are recognized as w)2.393 F .143(ord delimiters.)-.1 F .143(If no)5.143 F F2
(names)2.643 E F0 .144(are supplied, the line read is assigned)2.643 F .194
(to the v)144 537.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)2.694 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .194
(The return code is zero, unless end-of-\214le is encountered.)4.694 F .193
(If the)5.193 F F1<ad72>2.693 E F0(option)2.693 E .444(is gi)144 549.6 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G .444(n, a backslash-ne).15 F .444
(wline pair is not ignored, and the backslash is considered to be part of the)
-.25 F(line.)144 561.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 578.4 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad66>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)169.62 578.4 Q F0(...])2.5 E F1 -.18(re)108 590.4 S
(adonly -p).18 E F0 .419(The gi)144 602.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)
2.919 E F0 .419(are mark)2.919 F .419(ed readonly and the v)-.1 F .419
(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)2.919 E F0 .418(may not be changed by sub-)
2.919 F .541(sequent assignment.)144 614.4 R .541(If the)5.541 F F1<ad66>3.041
E F0 .541(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.041 F F2
(names)3.042 E F0 .542(are so)3.042 F(mark)144 626.4 Q 3.037(ed. If)-.1 F .537
(no ar)3.037 F .537(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .536(n, or if the).15
F F1<ad70>3.036 E F0 .536(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is)
3.036 F 2.501(printed. An)144 638.4 R(ar)2.501 E .002(gument of)-.18 F F1<adad>
2.502 E F0 .002(disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.502 F 2.502
(guments. The)-.18 F .002(return sta-)2.502 F .192(tus is 0 unless an ille)144
650.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.692(lo).05 G .192(ption is encountered, one of the)
247.732 650.4 R F2(names)2.691 E F0 .191(is not a le)2.691 F -.05(ga)-.15 G
2.691(ls).05 G .191(hell v)463.498 650.4 R .191(ariable name,)-.25 F(or)144
662.4 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
(that is not a function.)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)108 679.2 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)
2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .618(Causes a function to e)144 691.2 R .618
(xit with the return v)-.15 F .618(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.118 E F0
5.619(.I).24 G(f)404.557 691.2 Q F2(n)3.119 E F0 .619
(is omitted, the return status is)3.119 F 1.335(that of the last command e)144
703.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G
3.835(fu)387.48 703.2 S 1.335(sed outside a function, b)399.645 703.2 R 1.335
(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe)144 715.2 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1
(.)3.294 E F0(\()5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794
(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)309.832 715.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .795
(cuting that script).15 F 1.234(and return either)144 727.2 R F2(n)3.734 E F0
1.234(or the e)3.734 F 1.234(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G 1.234(cuted within the script as the e).15 F(xit)-.15 E 170.955
(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(6)535 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .393
(status of the script.)144 84 R .393
(If used outside a function and not during e)5.393 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .393
(cution of a script by).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(.)2.893 E F0 2.893(,t).833 G
.393(he return)503.787 84 R(status is f)144 96 Q(alse.)-.1 E F1(set)108 112.8 Q
F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxldCHP)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(-o)243.29 112.8 Q/F2
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)288.84 112.8 Q(g)-.37 E F0
(...])2.5 E F1<ad61>144 124.8 Q F0 1.036(Automatically mark v)184 124.8 R 1.036
(ariables which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F 1.035(xport to the en)
-.15 F(viron-)-.4 E(ment of subsequent commands.)184 136.8 Q F1<ad62>144 148.8
Q F0 .721
(Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported immediately)184
148.8 R 3.221(,r)-.65 G .721(ather than)499.569 148.8 R(before the ne)184 160.8
Q(xt primary prompt.)-.15 E(\(Also see)5 E F1(notify)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F1
(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad65>
144 172.8 Q F0 1.772(Exit immediately if a)184 172.8 R F2(simple-command)4.272
E F0(\(see)4.272 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.772(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.272 F F0(abo)
4.022 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.271(\)e).15 G 1.771(xits with a)494.788 172.8 R .642
(non\255zero status.)184 184.8 R .642(The shell does not e)5.642 F .642
(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .643(ails is part of an)-.1 F F2(until)3.143
E F0(or)3.143 E F2(while)184 196.8 Q F0 .728(loop, part of an)3.228 F F2(if)
3.228 E F0 .728(statement, part of a)3.228 F F1(&&)3.228 E F0(or)3.228 E/F4 10
/Symbol SF 1.666<efef>3.228 G F0 .728(list, or if the command')1.562 F 3.228
(sr)-.55 G(eturn)519.45 196.8 Q -.25(va)184 208.8 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15
(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad66>144 220.8 Q F0
(Disable pathname e)184 220.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad68>144 232.8 Q F0 .106
(Locate and remember function commands as functions are de\214ned.)184 232.8 R
.106(Function commands)5.106 F(are normally look)184 244.8 Q
(ed up when the function is e)-.1 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1<ad6b>144
256.8 Q F0 .162(All k)184 256.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G .162(rd ar).1 F
.162(guments are placed in the en)-.18 F .161
(vironment for a command, not just those that)-.4 F(precede the command name.)
184 268.8 Q F1<ad6d>144 280.8 Q F0 .009(Monitor mode.)184 280.8 R .009
(Job control is enabled.)5.009 F .009(This \215ag is on by def)5.009 F .01
(ault for interacti)-.1 F .31 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .01(hells on).15 F .124
(systems that support it \(see)184 292.8 R F3 .124(JOB CONTR)2.624 F(OL)-.27 E
F0(abo)2.374 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.624(\). Background).15 F .124
(processes run in a sep-)2.624 F .72
(arate process group and a line containing their e)184 304.8 R .721
(xit status is printed upon their comple-)-.15 F(tion.)184 316.8 Q F1<ad6e>144
328.8 Q F0 .653(Read commands b)184 328.8 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15
G .653(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for)5.653
F(syntax errors.)184 340.8 Q(This is ignored for interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 352.8 Q F2(option-name)2.5 E F0(The)184 364.8 Q
F2(option-name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1
(allexport)184 376.8 Q F0(Same as)224 388.8 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(braceexpand)184 400.8 Q F0 .312(The shell performs brace e)224 412.8 R .313
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 .313(Brace Expansion)2.813 F F0(abo)2.813 E -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.813(\). This).15 F .313(is on)2.813 F(by def)224 424.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E
F1(emacs)184 436.8 Q F0 .089(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224
436.8 R 2.589(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .128
(when the shell is interacti)224 448.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.628(,u).15 G .128
(nless the shell is started with the)345.89 448.8 R F1(\255nolineediting)2.629
E F0(option.)224 460.8 Q F1(err)184 472.8 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 472.8 Q
F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 484.8 Q F0(Same as)224 496.8 Q F1<ad48>
2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ignor)184 508.8 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.024(The ef)224 520.8 R 1.024
(fect is as if the shell command `IGNOREEOF=10' had been e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15
G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224 532.8 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(interacti)184 544.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(\255comments).1
E F0(Allo)224 556.8 Q 2.52(waw)-.25 G .02(ord be)265.35 556.8 R .021
(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.521 E F0 .021(to cause that w)2.521 F .021
(ord and all remaining characters)-.1 F
(on that line to be ignored in an interacti)224 568.8 Q .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
(hell \(see).15 E F3(COMMENTS)2.5 E F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1
(monitor)184 580.8 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 592.8
Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 604.8 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 616.8 Q
F0(Same as)224 616.8 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 628.8 Q F0(Same as)
224 628.8 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nohash)184 640.8 Q F0(Same as)9.43 E F1
<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(notify)184 652.8 Q F0(Same as)224 652.8 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E
F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 664.8 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184
676.8 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(posix)184 688.8
Q F0 2.244(Change the beha)224 688.8 R 2.244(vior of bash where the def)-.2 F
2.243(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.243(fers from the)-.25 F
(Posix 1003.2 standard to match the standard.)224 700.8 Q 170.955(GNU 1993)72
768 R(September 16)2.5 E(7)535 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(pri)184 84 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1
(ve)184 108 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 120 Q
F0(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 120 Q(ace.)-.1 E F1(xtrace)
184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If no)184 144 Q/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(option-name)2.5 E F0(is supplied, the v)2.5 E
(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 156 Q F0 -.45(Tu)
184 156 S .521(rn on).45 F F2(privile)3.021 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.021
(mode. In)3.021 F .521(this mode, the)3.021 F F1($ENV)3.021 E F0 .522
(\214le is not processed, and shell func-)3.021 F .26
(tions are not inherited from the en)184 168 R 2.76(vironment. This)-.4 F .26
(is enabled automatically on startup if)2.76 F .481(the ef)184 180 R(fecti)-.25
E .781 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .482
(ser \(group\) id is not equal to the real user \(group\) id.).15 F -.45(Tu)
5.482 G .482(rning this option).45 F(of)184 192 Q 2.5(fc)-.25 G(auses the ef)
202.35 192 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H
(ser and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.).15 E F1<ad74>144
204 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)184 204 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
.15 E F1<ad75>144 216 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 216 S .445(eat unset v).35 F .444
(ariables as an error when performing parameter e)-.25 F 2.944(xpansion. If)
-.15 F -.15(ex)2.944 G .444(pansion is).15 F .519(attempted on an unset v)184
228 R .519(ariable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)
-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15 E -.15(ex)184 240 S(its with a non\255zero status.)
.15 E F1<ad76>144 252 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 252 Q 2.5(ya)-.15
G(re read.)306.63 252 Q F1<ad78>144 264 Q F0 1.057(After e)184 264 R 1.056
(xpanding each)-.15 F F2(simple-command)3.556 E F0(,).77 E F1(bash)3.556 E F0
1.056(displays the e)3.556 F 1.056(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.056(alue of)-.25 F/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.556 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(fol-)3.306 E(lo)184
276 Q(wed by the command and its e)-.25 E(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments.)-.18 E F1
<ad6c>144 288 Q F0(Sa)184 288 Q 1.398 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.098
(nd restore the binding of).15 F F2(name)3.598 E F0 1.098(in a)3.598 F F1 -.25
(fo)3.598 G(r).25 E F2(name)3.598 E F0([in)3.599 E F1 -.1(wo)3.599 G(rd).1 E F0
3.599(]c)C 1.099(ommand \(see)451.687 288 R F3(SHELL)3.599 E(GRAMMAR)184 300 Q
F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad64>144 312 Q F0 1.68
(Disable the hashing of commands that are look)184 312 R 1.68(ed up for e)-.1 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 4.18(cution. Normally).15 F 4.18(,c)-.65 G(om-)523.89 312 Q
1.275(mands are remembered in a hash table, and once found, do not ha)184 324 R
1.576 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 3.776(ob).15 G 3.776(el)490.888 324 S(ook)501.884 324 Q
1.276(ed up)-.1 F(ag)184 336 Q(ain.)-.05 E F1<ad43>144 348 Q F0 .812(The ef)184
348 R .812(fect is as if the shell command `noclobber=' had been e)-.25 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .811(cuted \(see).15 F F1 .811(Shell V)3.311 F(ari-)-.92 E(ables)184
360 Q F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad48>144 372 Q F0(Enable)184 372
Q F1(!)3.13 E F0 .63(style history substitution.)5.63 F .63
(This \215ag is on by def)5.63 F .63(ault when the shell is interac-)-.1 F(ti)
184 384 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 396 Q F0 2.107
(If set, do not follo)184 396 R 4.607(ws)-.25 G 2.107
(ymbolic links when performing commands such as)279.835 396 R F1(cd)4.607 E F0
(which)4.606 E(change the current directory)184 408 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(he ph)309.42
408 Q(ysical directory is used instead.)-.05 E F1<adad>144 420 Q F0 .05
(If no ar)184 420 R .05(guments follo)-.18 F 2.55(wt)-.25 G .05
(his \215ag, then the positional parameters are unset.)280.98 420 R .05
(Otherwise, the)5.05 F(positional parameters are set to the)184 432 Q F2(ar)2.5
E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)371.81 432 S
(ome of them be)381.53 432 Q(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 444
Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 444 R F2(ar)4.444
E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)409.45 444 S 4.444(ea)423.894 444 S 1.944
(ssigned to the positional)437.218 444 R 3.445(parameters. The)184 456 R F1
<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945(options are turned of)
3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0
.946(s, the positional)B(parameters remain unchanged.)184 468 Q .317
(The \215ags are of)144 484.8 R 2.817(fb)-.25 G 2.817(yd)218.328 484.8 S(ef)
231.145 484.8 Q .317(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .316
(Using + rather than \255 causes these \215ags to be)5.317 F .198(turned of)144
496.8 R 2.698(f. The)-.25 F .199
(\215ags can also be speci\214ed as options to an in)2.699 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .199
(cation of the shell.).2 F .199(The current set)5.199 F .643
(of \215ags may be found in)144 508.8 R F1<24ad>3.143 E F0 5.642(.A)C .642
(fter the option ar)273.91 508.8 R .642(guments are processed, the remaining)
-.18 F F2 3.142(na)3.142 G -.37(rg)512.238 508.8 S F0 3.142(sa).37 G(re)532.23
508.8 Q .775(treated as v)144 520.8 R .775
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order)-.25 F 3.275
(,t)-.4 G(o)448.69 520.8 Q F1($1)3.275 E F0(,)A F1($2)3.275 E F0(,)A F1 3.275
(... $)3.275 F F2(n)A F0 5.775(.I)C 3.275(fn)523.395 520.8 S(o)535 520.8 Q .309
(options or)144 532.8 R F2(ar)2.809 E(g)-.37 E F0 2.808(sa)C .308
(re supplied, all shell v)212.056 532.8 R .308(ariables are printed.)-.25 F
.308(The return status is al)5.308 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .308(ys true unless).1 F
(an ille)144 544.8 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.5(lo).05 G(ption is encountered.)188.24
544.8 Q F1(shift)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .428
(The positional parameters from)144 573.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0 .429
(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G .429
(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 585.6 Q F1($#)3.434 E F0(do)
3.434 E .934(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)3.434 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .934(+1 are unset.)B
(If)5.934 E F2(n)3.433 E F0 .933(is 0, no parameters are changed.)3.433 F(If)
5.933 E F2(n)3.433 E F0 .933(is not gi)3.433 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .933(n, it is).15
F .026(assumed to be 1.)144 597.6 R F2(n)5.026 E F0 .026(must be a non-ne)2.526
F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .326 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .026
(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.526 E F0 5.026(.I)C(f)454.886 597.6
Q F2(n)2.526 E F0 .027(is greater than)2.527 F F1($#)2.527 E F0(,)A .03
(the positional parameters are not changed.)144 609.6 R .029
(The return status is greater than 0 if)5.03 F F2(n)2.529 E F0 .029
(is greater than)2.529 F F1($#)2.529 E F0(or less than 0; otherwise 0.)144
621.6 Q F1(suspend)108 638.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A .492(Suspend the e)
144 650.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .492(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.992(sa).15 G F3(SIGCONT).001 E F0 2.993(signal. The)2.743 F F1
<ad66>2.993 E F0 .493(option says not to)2.993 F .759
(complain if this is a login shell; just suspend an)144 662.4 R(yw)-.15 E(ay)
-.1 E 5.758(.T)-.65 G .758(he return status is 0 unless the shell is a)375.688
662.4 R(login shell and)144 674.4 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0
(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5 E F1(test)108 691.2 Q
F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)108 703.2 Q F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0
.877(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)6.77 F .878
(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878
(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 715.2 S(pr)
.2 E F0 5.008(.E).73 G .008(xpressions may be unary or binary)175.918 715.2 R
5.007(.U)-.65 G .007(nary e)328.064 715.2 R .007
(xpressions are often used to e)-.15 F .007(xamine the status)-.15 F .203
(of a \214le.)144 727.2 R .203
(There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.)5.203 F
.204(Each operator and)5.204 F 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(8)
535 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 1.592
(operand must be a separate ar)144 84 R 4.091(gument. If)-.18 F/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le)4.091 E F0 1.591(is of the form /de)4.091 F(v/fd/)
-.25 E F1(n)A F0 4.091(,t)C 1.591(hen \214le descriptor)444.756 84 R F1(n)4.091
E F0(is)4.091 E(check)144 96 Q(ed.)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad62>144 108 Q
F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 108 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5
G(ists and is block special.).15 E F2<ad63>144 120 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35
(Tr)180 120 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(ists and is character special.).15 E F2<ad64>144 132 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35
(Tr)180 132 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(ists and is a directory).15 E(.)-.65 E F2<ad65>144 144 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0
-.35(Tr)180 144 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2
<ad66>144 156 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 156 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5
E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a re).15 E(gular \214le.)-.15 E F2<ad67>144 168
Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 168 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)
2.5 G(ists and is set-group-id.).15 E F2<ad6b>144 180 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35
(Tr)180 180 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0(has its `)2.5 E(`stick)-.74 E(y')
-.15 E 2.5('b)-.74 G(it set.)295.22 180 Q F2<ad4c>144 192 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0
-.35(Tr)8.91 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(ists and is a symbolic link.).15 E F2<ad70>144 204 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35
(Tr)180 204 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(ists and is a named pipe.).15 E F2<ad72>144 216 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)
180 216 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is readable.)
.15 E F2<ad73>144 228 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 228 S(ue if).35 E F1
(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and has a size greater than zero.).15 E F2
<ad53>144 240 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 240 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5
E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is a sock).15 E(et.)-.1 E F2<ad74>144 252 Q F1(fd)
2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 252 S(ue if).35 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is opened on a terminal.)
2.5 E F2<ad75>144 264 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 264 S(ue if).35 E F1
(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and its set-user).15 E(-id bit is set.)-.2
E F2<ad77>144 276 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)8.36 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5
E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is writable.).15 E F2<ad78>144 288 Q F1(\214le)2.5
E F0 -.35(Tr)180 288 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(ists and is e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutable.).15 E F2<ad4f>144 300 Q F1(\214le)
2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.25 H
(ser id.).15 E F2<ad47>144 312 Q F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)7.8 G(ue if).35 E
F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists and is o).15 E(wned by the ef)-.25 E
(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve g)-.25 H(roup id.).15 E F1(\214le1)144 324 Q F0<ad>2.5
E F2(nt)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 336 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0
(is ne)2.5 E(wer \(according to modi\214cation date\) than)-.25 E F1(\214le2)
2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le1)144 348 Q F0<ad>2.5 E F2(ot)A F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0 -.35
(Tr)180 360 S(ue if).35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(is older than \214le2.)2.5 E F1
(\214le1)144 372 Q F2(\255ef)2.5 E F1(\214le)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 384 S(ue if)
.35 E F1(\214le1)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(\214le2)2.5 E F0(ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)
-.2 H(he same de).15 E(vice and inode numbers.)-.25 E F2<ad7a>144 396 Q F1
(string)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 408 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E F0
(is zero.)2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 420 Q F1(string)2.5 E(string)144 432 Q F0 -.35(Tr)
180 432 S(ue if the length of).35 E F1(string)2.5 E F0(is non\255zero.)2.5 E F1
(string1)144 444 Q F2(=)2.5 E F1(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 456 S
(ue if the strings are equal.).35 E F1(string1)144 468 Q F2(!=)2.5 E F1
(string2)2.5 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 480 S(ue if the strings are not equal.).35 E F2
(!)144 492 Q F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 492 S(ue if).35 E F1 -.2
(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)2.5 E(alse.)-.1 E F1 -.2(ex)144 504 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>
2.5 E F2(a)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 516 S(ue if both).35 E F1
-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(AND)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.5 E
F1 -.2(ex)144 528 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F2(o)A F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0
-.35(Tr)180 540 S(ue if either).35 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(OR)2.5 E F1
-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.5 E F1(ar)144 552 Q(g1)-.37 E F2(OP)2.5 E
F1(ar)2.5 E(g2)-.37 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(OP)180 564 Q F0 .035(is one of)2.284
F F2(\255eq)2.535 E F0(,)A F2(\255ne)2.535 E F0(,)A F2(\255lt)2.535 E F0(,)A F2
(\255le)2.535 E F0(,)A F2(\255gt)2.535 E F0 2.535(,o)C(r)332.165 564 Q F2
(\255ge)2.535 E F0 5.035(.T)C .035
(hese arithmetic binary operators return true)366.815 564 R(if)180 576 Q F1(ar)
3.32 E(g1)-.37 E F0 .82(is equal, not-equal, less-than, less-than-or)3.32 F .82
(-equal, greater)-.2 F .82(-than, or greater)-.2 F(-than-or)-.2 E(-)-.2 E .5
(equal than)180 588 R F1(ar)3 E(g2)-.37 E F0 3.001(,r)C(especti)252.231 588 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(.)-.65 E F1(Ar)5.501 E(g1)-.37 E F0(and)3.001 E F1(ar)
3.001 E(g2)-.37 E F0 .501(may be positi)3.001 F .801 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E
.501(gers, ne)-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .801 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E
(gers,)-.15 E(or the special e)180 600 Q(xpression)-.15 E F2<ad6c>2.5 E F1
(string)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w)C(hich e)327.48 600 Q -.25(va)-.25 G
(luates to the length of).25 E F1(string)2.5 E F0(.).22 E F2(times)108 616.8 Q
F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for pro\
cesses run from the shell.)144 616.8 R(The return status is 0.)144 628.8 Q F2
(trap)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6c>A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)149.8 645.6 Q(g)-.37 E
F0 2.5(][)C F1(sigspec)172.48 645.6 Q F0(])A .767(The command)144 657.6 R F1
(ar)3.267 E(g)-.37 E F0 .767(is to be read and e)3.267 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .767
(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.267(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))
434.781 657.6 Q F1(sigspec)3.267 E F0 5.767(.I).31 G(f)509.945 657.6 Q F1(ar)
3.267 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.268 E 2.164(absent or)144 669.6 R F2<ad>4.664 E F0
4.664(,a)C 2.164(ll speci\214ed signals are reset to their original v)204.512
669.6 R 2.164(alues \(the v)-.25 F 2.163(alues the)-.25 F 4.663(yh)-.15 G 2.163
(ad upon)505.897 669.6 R .681(entrance to the shell\).)144 681.6 R(If)5.681 E
F1(ar)3.181 E(g)-.37 E F0 .681
(is the null string this signal is ignored by the shell and by the com-)3.181 F
1.174(mands it in)144 693.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(s.).1 E F1(sigspec)6.174
E F0 1.174(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)3.674 F F1(signal.h)A F0
1.173(>, or a signal number)B 6.173(.I)-.55 G(f)536.67 693.6 Q F1(sigspec)144
705.6 Q F0(is)2.769 E F3(EXIT)2.769 E F0 .269(\(0\) the command)2.519 F F1(ar)
2.769 E(g)-.37 E F0 .269(is e)2.769 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .269(cuted on e).15 F .269
(xit from the shell.)-.15 F -.4(Wi)5.269 G .269(th no ar).4 F(guments,)-.18 E
F2(trap)2.77 E F0 .403
(prints the list of commands associated with each signal number)144 717.6 R
5.402(.T)-.55 G(he)414.118 717.6 Q F2<ad6c>2.902 E F0 .402
(option causes the shell to)2.902 F .562
(print a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers.)144 729.6 R .562
(An ar)5.562 F .562(gument of)-.18 F F2<adad>3.062 E F0 .562(disables option)
3.062 F 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R(September 16)2.5 E(9)535 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .564
(checking for the rest of the ar)144 84 R 3.064(guments. Signals)-.18 F .564
(ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped)3.064 F 1.144(or reset.)144
96 R -.35(Tr)6.144 G 1.145(apped signals are reset to their original v).35 F
1.145(alues in a child process when it is created.)-.25 F
(The return status is f)144 108 Q(alse if either the trap name or number is in)
-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(trap)2.5 E F0
(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255all)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
(\255type)157.58 124.8 Q F0(|)2.5 E F1(\255path)2.5 E F0(])A/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144
136.8 S .206(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.706(we)-.25 G(ach)272.15 136.8 Q
F2(name)2.705 E F0 -.1(wo)2.705 G .205
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .205(If the)5.205 F F1
(\255type)144 148.8 Q F0 .527(\215ag is used,)3.027 F F1(type)3.027 E F0 .528
(prints a phrase which is one of)3.028 F F2(alias)3.028 E F0(,).27 E F2 -.1(ke)
3.028 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.028 E F0(,).24 E F2 -.2
(bu)3.028 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.028(,o).24 G(r)512.284 148.8 Q F2(\214le)3.028 E F0
(if)3.028 E F2(name)144 160.8 Q F0 .297(is an alias, shell reserv)2.798 F .297
(ed w)-.15 F .297(ord, function, b)-.1 F .297(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)
-.2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 2.797(.I)-.65 G 2.797(ft)472.152 160.8 S .297
(he name is not)481.059 160.8 R 1.097(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)
144 172.8 R 1.097(xit status of f)-.15 F 1.097(alse is returned.)-.1 F 1.097
(If the)6.097 F F1(\255path)3.598 E F0 1.098(\215ag is used,)3.598 F F1(type)
144 184.8 Q F0 1.009(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)3.509 F
1.008(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.508 E F0
1.008(were speci\214ed as a)3.508 F .562(command name, or nothing if)144 196.8
R F1(\255type)3.062 E F0 -.1(wo)3.062 G .562(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)
3.063 E F0 5.563(.I).18 G 3.063(fac)389.542 196.8 S .563(ommand is hashed,)
407.878 196.8 R F1(\255path)3.063 E F0(prints)3.063 E .684(the hashed v)144
208.8 R .684(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F/F3
9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.184 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .684
(If the)5.184 F F1(\255all)3.184 E F0 .683(\215ag is used,)3.184 F F1(type)
3.183 E F0 1.135(prints all of the places that contain an e)144 220.8 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.635 E F0 6.136(.T).18 G 1.136
(his includes aliases and func-)418.256 220.8 R 1.011
(tions, if and only if the)144 232.8 R F1(\255path)3.511 E F0 1.011
(\215ag is not also used.)3.511 F 1.011
(The table of hashed commands is not con-)6.011 F .786(sulted when using)144
244.8 R F1(\255all)3.286 E F0(.)A F1(type)5.786 E F0(accepts)3.286 E F1<ad61>
3.286 E F0(,)A F1<ad74>3.286 E F0 3.286(,a)C(nd)335.698 244.8 Q F1<ad70>3.286 E
F0 .787(in place of)3.287 F F1(\255all)3.287 E F0(,)A F1(\255type)3.287 E F0
3.287(,a)C(nd)466.906 244.8 Q F1(\255path)3.287 E F0 3.287(,r)C(espec-)514.46
244.8 Q(ti)144 256.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.127(.A)-.65 G 3.627(na)181.577
256.8 S -.18(rg)194.644 256.8 S 1.127(ument of).18 F F1<adad>3.627 E F0 1.127
(disables option checking for the rest of the ar)3.627 F(guments.)-.18 E F1
(type)6.126 E F0(returns)3.626 E(true if an)144 268.8 Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)
192.45 268.8 S(he ar)201.06 268.8 Q(guments are found, f)-.18 E
(alse if none are found.)-.1 E F1(ulimit)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255SHacdfmstpnuv)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A F1(Ulimit)144 297.6 Q F0
(pro)3.056 E .556(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.057(rt).15 G .557
(he resources a)266.316 297.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .557
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on).25 F .765
(systems that allo)144 309.6 R 3.265(ws)-.25 G .765(uch control.)226.325 309.6
R .765(The v)5.765 F .765(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)3.265 E F0 .765
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the)3.265 F .301
(resource, or the v)144 321.6 R(alue)-.25 E F1(unlimited)2.801 E F0 5.301(.T)C
(he)288.565 321.6 Q F1(H)2.801 E F0(and)2.801 E F1(S)2.801 E F0 .302
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for)2.802 F .005(the gi)144
333.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.505(nr).15 G 2.505(esource. A)186.38 333.6 R .004(har\
d limit cannot be increased once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up)
2.505 F .008(to the v)144 345.6 R .008(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .008
(If neither)5.008 F F1(H)2.508 E F0(nor)2.508 E F1(S)2.508 E F0 .008
(is speci\214ed, the command applies to the soft limit.)2.508 F(If)144 357.6 Q
F2(limit)2.758 E F0 .258(is omitted, the current v)2.758 F .257
(alue of the soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the)-.25 F F1(H)
2.757 E F0(option)2.757 E .575(is gi)144 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(n. When)
.15 F .576(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the limit name and unit is p\
rinted before the)3.076 F -.25(va)144 381.6 S 2.5(lue. Other).25 F
(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 393.6 Q F0
(all current limits are reported)180 393.6 Q F1<ad63>144 405.6 Q F0
(the maximum size of core \214les created)180 405.6 Q F1<ad64>144 417.6 Q F0
(the maximum size of a process')180 417.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)317.76 417.6 Q
(gment)-.15 E F1<ad66>144 429.6 Q F0
(the maximum size of \214les created by the shell)180 429.6 Q F1<ad6d>144 441.6
Q F0(the maximum resident set size)180 441.6 Q F1<ad73>144 453.6 Q F0
(the maximum stack size)180 453.6 Q F1<ad74>144 465.6 Q F0
(the maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 465.6 Q F1<ad70>144 477.6 Q F0
(the pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 477.6 Q F1<ad6e>
144 489.6 Q F0 .164
(the maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)180
489.6 R 2.664(wt)-.25 G .164(his v)481.708 489.6 R .164(alue to be)-.25 F
(set, only displayed\))180 501.6 Q F1<ad75>144 513.6 Q F0
(the maximum number of processes a)180 513.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 525.6 Q F0
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 525.6 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to the shell).25 E .778(An ar)144 542.4 R .778(gument of)-.18 F F1
<adad>3.278 E F0 .778(disables option checking for the rest of the ar)3.278 F
3.279(guments. If)-.18 F F2(limit)3.279 E F0 .779(is gi)3.279 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.779(n, it is).15 F .394(the ne)144 554.4 R 2.894(wv)-.25 G .394
(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)183.168 554.4 R F1<ad61>2.893 E F0 .393
(option is display only\).)2.893 F .393(If no option is gi)5.393 F -.15(ve)-.25
G .393(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>144 566.4 Q F0 .43(is assumed.)2.93 F -1.11(Va)
5.43 G .43(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .431(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.931 E F0 2.931(,w)C .431(hich is in seconds,)421.315 566.4 R F1<ad70>
2.931 E F0 2.931(,w)C(hich)522.78 566.4 Q .828
(is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)144 578.4 R F1<ad6e>3.327 E F0(and)3.327 E
F1<ad75>3.327 E F0 3.327(,w)C .827(hich are unscaled v)344.784 578.4 R 3.327
(alues. The)-.25 F .827(return status is 0)3.327 F .621(unless an ille)144
590.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 3.121(lo).05 G .621
(ption is encountered, a non-numeric ar)217.603 590.4 R .622(gument other than)
-.18 F F1(unlimited)3.122 E F0 .622(is supplied)3.122 F(as)144 602.4 Q F2
(limit)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(ra)183.17 602.4 S 2.5(ne)193.44 602.4 S
(rror occurs while setting a ne)205.38 602.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)333.99 602.4
Q F1(umask)108 619.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad53>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)162.59 619.2 Q
F0(])A .23(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 631.2 R F2(mode)2.73 E
F0 5.23(.I).18 G(f)323.21 631.2 Q F2(mode)2.73 E F0(be)2.729 E .229
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; otherwis\
e it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by)144
643.2 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144 655.2 Q F2(mode)
2.55 E F0 .05(is omitted, or if the)2.55 F F1<ad53>2.55 E F0 .049
(option is supplied, the current v)2.55 F .049(alue of the mask is printed.)
-.25 F(The)5.049 E F1<ad53>2.549 E F0 .475
(option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the def)144 667.2 R
.475(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.475(.A)-.55 G(n)535 667.2 Q(ar)144
679.2 Q .125(gument of)-.18 F F1<adad>2.625 E F0 .125
(disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.625 F 2.624(guments. The)
-.18 F .124(return status is 0 if the)2.624 F(mode w)144 691.2 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(gument w)-.18
E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R
(September 16)2.5 E(10)530 768 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(unalias)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(name)164.2 84 Q F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 96 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G F2(name)2.882 E F0
2.732(sf)C .232(rom the list of de\214ned aliases.)211.374 96 R(If)5.232 E F1
<ad61>2.733 E F0 .233(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are remo)2.733 F
-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E(The return v)144 108 Q(alue is true unless a supplied)
-.25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.5 E F1(unset)108 124.8 Q F0
<5bad>2.5 E F1(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)159.74 124.8 Q F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)
144 136.8 S 2.773(re).15 G(ach)164.953 136.8 Q F2(name)2.773 E F0 2.773(,r).18
G(emo)212.049 136.8 Q .573 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .273(he corresponding v).15 F .273
(ariable or)-.25 F 2.773(,g)-.4 G -2.15 -.25(iv e)369.094 136.8 T 2.773(nt).25
G(he)391.467 136.8 Q F1<ad66>2.773 E F0 .273(option, function.)2.773 F .272
(An ar)5.272 F(gument)-.18 E(of)144 148.8 Q F1<adad>2.58 E F0 .08
(disables option checking for the rest of the ar)2.58 F 2.58(guments. Note)-.18
F(that)2.58 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.58 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(IFS)2.33 E F4(,)A F3(PPID)2.33 E F4(,)A F3(PS1)2.331 E
F4(,)A F3(PS2)2.331 E F4(,)A F3(UID)144 160.8 Q F4(,)A F0(and)4.074 E F3(EUID)
4.324 E F0 1.824(cannot be unset.)4.074 F 1.824(If an)6.824 F 4.323(yo)-.15 G
(f)321.938 160.8 Q F3(RANDOM)4.323 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)4.073 E F4(,)A F3
(LINENO)4.073 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.073 E F3(HISTCMD)4.323 E F0(are)4.073 E .328
(unset, the)144 172.8 R 2.828(yl)-.15 G .328(ose their special properties, e)
193.116 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.828(ni).15 G 2.828(ft)330.436 172.8 S(he)
339.374 172.8 Q 2.828(ya)-.15 G .328(re subsequently reset.)360.932 172.8 R
.328(The e)5.328 F .329(xit status is true)-.15 F(unless a)144 184.8 Q F2(name)
2.5 E F0(does not e)2.5 E(xist or is non-unsettable.)-.15 E F1(wait)108 201.6 Q
F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 213.6 S 1.061
(it for the speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F F2(n)
6.061 E F0 1.06(may be a process ID or a job)3.56 F .753
(speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .754
(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.254(sp)-.55 G .754(ipeline are w)404.012
225.6 R .754(aited for)-.1 F 5.754(.I)-.55 G(f)502.458 225.6 Q F2(n)3.254 E F0
.754(is not)3.254 F(gi)144 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .027(n, all currently acti)
.15 F .327 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .027(hild processes are w).15 F .027(aited for)-.1
F 2.526(,a)-.4 G .026(nd the return status is zero.)375.932 237.6 R(If)5.026 E
F2(n)2.526 E F0(speci\214es)2.526 E 2.595(an)144 249.6 S(on-e)156.035 249.6 Q
.095(xistant process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .096
(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .096(xit status)-.15 F
(of the last process or job w)144 261.6 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F3(SEE ALSO)
72 278.4 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 290.4 Q 170.955(GNU 1993)72 768 R
(September 16)2.5 E(11)530 768 Q EP
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