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[platform/upstream/bash.git] / doc / builtins.ps

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180 312 Q F1(shell\255command)4.325 E F0 1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E F1 -.1(ke)4.325 G
(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F(When)6.825 E F1(shell\255com-)
4.325 E(mand)180 324 Q F0 1.765(is e)4.265 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765
(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)
4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765(riable to the contents of the).25 F F2
-.18(re)180 336 S(adline).18 E F0 1.353(line b)3.852 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353
(fer and the)-.25 F F3(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353
(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.012(insertion point.)180
348 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011
(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3
(READLINE_LINE)4.511 E F0(or)4.261 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 360 Q/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0(those ne)2.25 E 2.5(wv)-.25 G
(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F2<ad58>144 372
Q F0 .829(List all k)23.08 F 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829
(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for)
.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 384 Q(The return v)
144 400.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5
E F2(br)108 417.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .055
(Exit from within a)144 429.6 R F2 -.25(fo)2.555 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2
(while)2.555 E F0(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2
(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0 .055
(is speci\214ed, break)2.555 F F1(n)2.555 E F0(le)2.555 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ls.).15 E F1(n)5.414 E F0 .054(must be)2.794 F/F5 10/Symbol SF<b3>2.554
E F0(1.)2.554 E(If)144 441.6 Q F1(n)3.074 E F0 .215(is greater than the\
 number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.954 F 2.715
(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144
453.6 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F2 -.2
(bu)108 470.4 S(iltin).2 E F1(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E
F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 482.4 Q .793
(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F1
(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293
F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615
(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144
494.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144
506.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F2(cd)3.07 E F0
-.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E
5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 518.4 Q(alse if)-.1
E F1(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E
(uiltin command.)-.2 E F2(caller)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)C(pr)
.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 547.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F
2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254
(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.254(cuted with the).15 F F2(.)2.754 E F0(or)2.754 E F2(sour)144 559.2 Q
(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F1 -.2
(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.825 E F0 .324
(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F
.253(subroutine call.)144 571.2 R .253(If a non-ne)5.253 F -.05(ga)-.15
G(ti).05 E .553 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15
F F1 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F2(caller)2.753 E F0 .254
(displays the line number)2.754 F 2.754(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.754 E 1.327(rou\
tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\
ent e)144 583.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e)
144 595.2 Q(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 E .001
(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F .001(The current frame is frame)
5.001 F 3.02(0. The)144 607.2 R .52(return v)3.02 F .52
(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .519
(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F1 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519
(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 619.2 Q
(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F2(cd)108 636 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F2<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F1
(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 648 R F1(dir)
2.821 E F0 5.321(.i)C(f)-5.321 E F1(dir)2.821 E F0 .322
(is not supplied, the v)2.821 F .322(alue of the)-.25 F F3(HOME)2.822 E
F0 .322(shell v)2.572 F .322(ariable is)-.25 F 1.036(the def)144 660 R
3.536(ault. An)-.1 F 3.536(ya)-.15 G 1.035(dditional ar)-3.536 F 1.035
(guments follo)-.18 F(wing)-.25 E F1(dir)3.535 E F0 1.035(are ignored.)
3.535 F 1.035(The v)6.035 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(CDP)3.535 E -.855(AT)-.666
G(H).855 E F0(de\214nes)3.285 E .849
(the search path for the directory containing)144 672 R F1(dir)3.349 E
F0 3.35(:e).73 G .85(ach directory name in)-3.35 F F3(CDP)3.35 E -.855
(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .85(is searched for)3.1 F F1(dir)144 684 Q F0
5.665(.A)C(lternati)-5.665 E .965 -.15(ve d)-.25 H .665
(irectory names in).15 F F3(CDP)3.165 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0
.665(are separated by a colon \(:\).)2.915 F 3.165(An)5.665 G .664
(ull directory name)-3.165 F(in)144 696 Q F3(CDP)4.162 E -.855(AT)-.666
G(H).855 E F0 1.662(is the same as the current directory)3.912 F 4.162
(,i)-.65 G 1.662(.e., `)-4.162 F(`)-.74 E F2(.)A F0 -.74('')C 6.662(.I)
.74 G(f)-6.662 E F1(dir)4.513 E F0(be)4.893 E 1.663
(gins with a slash \(/\), then)-.15 F F3(CDP)144 708 Q -.855(AT)-.666 G
(H).855 E F0 .347(is not used. The)2.598 F F2<ad50>2.847 E F0 .347
(option causes)2.847 F F2(cd)2.847 E F0 .347(to use the ph)2.847 F .347
(ysical directory structure by resolving)-.05 F 1.12
(symbolic links while tra)144 720 R -.15(ve)-.2 G(rsing).15 E F1(dir)
3.62 E F0 1.12(and before processing instances of)3.62 F F1(..)3.62 E F0
(in)3.62 E F1(dir)3.62 E F0 1.12(\(see also the)3.62 F F2<ad50>3.62 E F0
(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(2)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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(option forces symbolic links to be follo)2.895 F .395(wed by resolv-)
-.25 F .443(ing the link after processing instances of)144 96 R/F2 10
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2.943(,i)C 2.943(ti)-2.943 G 2.944(sp)-2.943 G .444(rocessed by remo)
-2.944 F(ving)-.15 E .744(the immediately pre)144 108 R .744
(vious pathname component from)-.25 F F2(dir)3.244 E F0 3.244(,b)C .744
(ack to a slash or the be)-3.244 F .744(ginning of)-.15 F F2(dir)3.244 E
F0(.)A 1.465(If the)144 120 R F1<ad65>3.965 E F0 1.465
(option is supplied with)3.965 F F1<ad50>3.965 E F0 3.965(,a)C 1.465
(nd the current w)-3.965 F 1.466
(orking directory cannot be successfully)-.1 F .468
(determined after a successful directory change,)144 132 R F1(cd)2.968 E
F0 .468(will return an unsuccessful status.)2.968 F .467(On systems)
5.467 F .336(that support it, the)144 144 R F1<ad40>2.836 E F0 .336
(option presents the e)2.836 F .336(xtended attrib)-.15 F .337
(utes associated with a \214le as a directory)-.2 F(.)-.65 E .71(An ar)
144 156 R .71(gument of)-.18 F F1<ad>3.21 E F0 .71(is con)3.21 F -.15
(ve)-.4 G .71(rted to).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($OLDPWD)3.21 E F0 .71
(before the directory change is attempted.)2.96 F .71(If a non-)5.71 F
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(H).855 E F0 .107(is used, or if)2.356 F F1<ad>2.607 E F0 .107
(is the \214rst ar)2.607 F .107(gument, and the directory change)-.18 F
.038(is successful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 180 R 2.538(ww)
-.25 G .038(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.638 F
(The return v)144 192 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E
(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1(command)108
208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255pVv)A F0(])A F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 220.8 Q F2(command)2.956 E F0(with)
3.527 E F2(ar)3.087 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .257
(suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only b)3.027 F .257
(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .502(commands found in the)144 232.8 R F3
-.666(PA)3.002 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.752 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.002
(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F1<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)3.002
F -.15(ve)-.25 G .501(n, the search for).15 F F2(command)3.201 E F0(is)
3.771 E .399(performed using a def)144 244.8 R .399(ault v)-.1 F .399
(alue for)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)2.899 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .4
(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If)
5.4 E .175(either the)144 256.8 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76>
2.675 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.675 F F2(command)
2.875 E F0 .174(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.174 E F1<ad76>2.674 E F0 .174
(option causes)2.674 F 3.317(as)144 268.8 S .817(ingle w)-3.317 F .817
(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
-.1(ke).2 G F2(command)3.618 E F0 .818(to be displayed; the)4.088 F F1
<ad56>144 280.8 Q F0 .25(option produces a more v)2.75 F .25
(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.25 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
2.749 E F1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249
(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 292.8 R F2(command)3.704 E F0 -.1
(wa)4.274 G 3.504(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.504 F 1.005
(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F2
(command)144.2 304.8 Q F0 1.599(cannot be found, the e)4.869 F 1.599
(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.598
(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.098 E F0 -.2(bu)144 316.8 S
(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(.).77 E F1
(compgen)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(wor)-2.5 E(d)
-.37 E F0(])A .012(Generate possible completion matches for)144 345.6 R
F2(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F2(option)2.513
E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.513(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.513 E .982
(accepted by the)144 357.6 R F1(complete)3.482 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and)
3.481 E F1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .981(nd write the matches to the)
-3.481 F 1.415(standard output.)144 369.6 R 1.415(When using the)6.415 F
F1<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F1<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v)
3.915 F 1.415(arious shell v)-.25 F 1.415(ariables set by the pro-)-.25
F(grammable completion f)144 381.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)
-.2 G(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)
-.25 E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 405.6 R .352
(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\
em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144
417.6 R(If)5.02 E F2(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)
2.52 F(those completions matching)144 429.6 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0
(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 453.6 Q
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F1
(complete)108 470.4 Q F0([)3.729 E F1(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.729(][)C
F1<ad6f>-3.729 E F2(comp-option)3.729 E F0 3.729(][)C F1(\255DE)-3.729 E
F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad41>-3.728 E F2(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad47>
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E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.728(][)C F1<ad46>-3.728 E F2(func-)3.728 E(tion)108
482.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 494.4 Q
F1<ad58>A F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad50>-2.5 E F2(pr)2.5 E
(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])
A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name ...)A F0(])A F1(complete \255pr)108
506.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E
.634(Specify ho)144 518.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634
(uments to each).18 F F2(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134
F .633(If the)5.634 F F1<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633
(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144
530.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15
F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)
144 542.4 R(The)5.31 E F1<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F2
(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E
F2(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346
(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 554.4 R(The)6.347 E
F1<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)
3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 566.4 R(`def)-.74 E
(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
578.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F1<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
(option indicates that)3.455 F .065
(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 590.4 R
(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064
(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F
(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 602.4 Q 1.437
(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
626.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144
638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Pr)2.5 E
(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556
(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 662.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055
(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary)
144 674.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E
F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723
(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
(sion before the)144 686.4 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 698.4 Q
F2(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 710.4 Q F2(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291
(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291(ral aspects of the compspec')
.15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291(vior be)-.2 F .291
(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 722.4 Q F2
(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/Times-Bold@0 SF(bashdefault)184 84 Q F0 .281
(Perform the rest of the def)224 96 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.781 E F0 .281
(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F(matches.)224 108 Q F1
(default)184 120 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')10 F 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376
E 2.875(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F
(matches.)224 132 Q F1(dir)184 144 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory \
name completion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 156 Q F1
(\214lenames)184 168 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 180 S .137(ll readline that the co\
mpspec generates \214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15
G(le-)-2.637 E .134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 192 R 2.634
(ea)-.1 G .134(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F
.45(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 204 R .45
(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 216 Q F1(noquote)
184 228 Q F0 -.7(Te)5.55 G .814
(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F
3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
(\214lenames is the def)224 240 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nospace)184 252 Q F0
-.7(Te)6.11 G .22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22
(ault\) to w)-.1 F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224
264 Q F1(plusdirs)184 276 Q F0 1.985(After an)5.54 F 4.485(ym)-.15 G
1.985(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)
-4.485 F .583(completion is attempted and an)224 288 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G
.584(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224
300 Q F1<ad41>144 312 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(action)2.5 E F0(The)184
324 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
336 Q F0(Alias names.)20.55 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 348 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 360 Q
(ariable names.)-.25 E F1 4.7(binding Readline)184 372 R F0 -.1(ke)2.5 G
2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 384 S(iltin).2 E F0
(Names of shell b)11.85 E(uiltin commands.)-.2 E
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(command)184 396
Q F0(Command names.)224 408 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 420 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 432 Q
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 444
Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 456 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
468 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)6.66 E(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
480 Q F0(Names of e)12.23 E(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184
492 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(function)184 504 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 516 Q F1
(gr)184 528 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)14.62 E
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184
540 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 552 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 564 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 576
Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
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-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
624 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 636 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 648 Q
F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E
F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
(shopt)184 660 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1
(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 672 Q F0
(Signal names.)14.99 E F1(stopped)184 684 Q F0
(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.)
.15 E F1(user)184 696 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E
(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 708 S
(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
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(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(4)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad43>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E
(command)184 96 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
184 108 Q F1<ad46>144 120 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113
(The shell function)184 132 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 144 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
(are being completed, the second ar)184 156 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
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(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 168 R .104
(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 180 R
.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
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-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 192 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25
E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 204 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008
(The pathname e)184 216 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)
-.15 F(tions.)184 228 Q F1<ad50>144 240 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
184 252 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 264 Q F1<ad53>144 276 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 288 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 300 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F3(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007
(each resultant w)184 312 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15
F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F
(resultant list which match the w)184 324 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E
F1<ad58>144 336 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 348 Q F0 .456
(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 360 R 1.596
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(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 384 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 400.8 R .466
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
(plied without a)144 412.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 424.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
F1(compopt)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 453.6 R
F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0
.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
(completion if no)144 465.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 477.6 Q F2(name)
3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 489.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he)
-5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297
(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F
1.227(the `)144 501.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
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no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 513.6 R 2.178
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177
(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `)
144 525.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5
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-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F
(options for a)144 561.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 578.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 590.4 R 1.754
(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1
(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753
(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 602.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10
/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
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(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 614.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is)
3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 626.4 Q F1(declar)108 643.2
Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1
(typeset)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 667.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F
1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)
3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F
-.25(va)144 679.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
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<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 691.2 Q F2(name)2.774 E
F0(ar)2.774 E .274(guments, additional options, other than)-.18 F F1
<ad66>2.775 E F0(and)2.775 E F1<ad46>2.775 E F0 2.775(,a)C .275
(re ignored.)-2.775 F(When)5.275 E F1<ad70>2.775 E F0 .275(is supplied)
2.775 F(without)144 703.2 Q F2(name)4.814 E F0(ar)4.814 E 2.314
(guments, it will display the attrib)-.18 F 2.314(utes and v)-.2 F 2.313
(alues of all v)-.25 F 2.313(ariables ha)-.25 F 2.313(ving the)-.2 F
(attrib)144 715.2 Q 1.181(utes speci\214ed by the additional options.)
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727.2 R .62(utes and v)-.2 F .62(alues of all shell v)-.25 F 3.12
(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.12 E F0 .62
(option will restrict the display)3.12 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
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E F0 1.291(option inhibits the display of function de\214nitions; only \
the function)3.791 F .948(name and attrib)144 96 R .948
(utes are printed.)-.2 F .948(If the)5.948 F F1(extdeb)3.448 E(ug)-.2 E
F0 .948(shell option is enabled using)3.448 F F1(shopt)3.448 E F0 3.448
(,t)C .948(he source)-3.448 F 1.342(\214le name and line number where t\
he function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 108 R(The)6.342 E F1
<ad46>3.842 E F0(option)3.842 E(implies)144 120 Q F1<ad66>3.892 E F0
6.392(.T)C(he)-6.392 E F1<ad67>3.892 E F0 1.391(option forces v)3.892 F
1.391(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E(when)144 132 Q F1(declar)4.382 E(e)-.18 E F0
1.882(is e)4.382 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.882(cuted in a shell function.).15 F
1.883(It is ignored in all other cases.)6.882 F 1.883(The follo)6.883 F
(wing)-.25 E .794(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 144 R
.794(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F
1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 156 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1
<ad61>144 168 Q F0(Each)25.3 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0
(is an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E
(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
.15 E F1<ad41>144 180 Q F0(Each)23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)
-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144
192 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 204 Q F0
.557(The v)27.52 F .558(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558
(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)
180 216 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G
(erformed when the v)-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E
F1<ad6c>144 228 Q F0 .91(When the v)27.52 F .909
(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909
(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)
-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 240 R(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E
(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 252 Q F0(Gi)24.74 E 1.619 -.15(ve e)
-.25 H(ach).15 E F2(name)3.819 E F0(the)3.819 E F2(namer)3.819 E(ef)-.37
E F0(attrib)3.819 E 1.319(ute, making it a name reference to another v)
-.2 F(ariable.)-.25 E 1.033(That other v)180 264 R 1.033
(ariable is de\214ned by the v)-.25 F 1.033(alue of)-.25 F F2(name)3.533
E F0 6.033(.A)C 1.033(ll references and assignments to)-6.033 F F2(name)
180 276 Q F0 4.032(,e)C 1.532(xcept for changing the)-4.182 F F1<ad6e>
4.032 E F0(attrib)4.032 E 1.532(ute itself, are performed on the v)-.2 F
1.533(ariable refer)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(enced by)180 288 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
1.1 -.55('s v)D 2.5(alue. The).3 F F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(attrib)2.5 E
(ute cannot be applied to array v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad72>144 300
Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E
7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F
2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180 312
Q F1<ad74>144 324 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E F2
(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F2(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)2.929 E
2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F1(DEB)2.929
E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0
(traps from the calling shell.)180 336 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 348
Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 360 R(lo)
2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144
372 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E
(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12
(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 388.8 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12
(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121
(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F
.645(to destro)144 400.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v)
-3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F1(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo)
3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144
(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 412.8 Q F1
(declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835
E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335
(local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335
(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E 1.283
(is supplied.)144 424.8 R 1.283(If a v)6.283 F 1.283
(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.283(wed by =)-.25 F F2(value)A F0 3.783
(,t)C 1.283(he v)-3.783 F 1.283(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.282
(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(value)3.782 E F0(.)A .926(When using)144
436.8 R F1<ad61>3.426 E F0(or)3.426 E F1<ad41>3.426 E F0 .927
(and the compound assignment syntax to create array v)3.426 F .927
(ariables, additional)-.25 F(attrib)144 448.8 Q .592(utes do not tak)-.2
F 3.092(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.092 G .592
(ect until subsequent assignments.).25 F .592(The return v)5.592 F .592
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .429
(option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function using)
144 460.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .429(\255f foo=bar)2.929 F F0 2.929(,a)C
2.929(na)-2.929 G .429(ttempt is)-2.929 F .063(made to assign a v)144
472.8 R .063(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .062
(ariable, an attempt is made to assign a v)-.25 F .062
(alue to an array v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .102
(able without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)144 484.8 R F1
(Arrays)2.602 E F0(abo)2.602 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .102(\), one of the).15 F
F2(names)2.602 E F0 .102(is not a)2.602 F -.25(va)144 496.8 S .172
(lid shell v).25 F .171(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25
F 2.671(fr)-.25 G .171(eadonly status for a readonly v)-2.671 F .171
(ariable, an)-.25 F .96(attempt is made to turn of)144 508.8 R 3.46(fa)
-.25 G .96(rray status for an array v)-3.46 F .96
(ariable, or an attempt is made to display a)-.25 F(non-e)144 520.8 Q
(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 537.6 Q F2(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F1
(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 549.6 S .329
(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 561.6 R 1.238
(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 573.6 Q
F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1<ad63>144 585.6 Q F0
(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1
<ad6c>144 597.6 Q F0 .882
(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)27.52 F .881
(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180
609.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 621.6 Q F0
(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144
633.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\
\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773
G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 645.6 Q F1(+)144 657.6 Q F2(n)A F0 1.565
(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)4.065 E F0 1.565
(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1
(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
(without options, starting with zero.)180 669.6 Q F1<ad>144 681.6 Q F2
(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F
F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
(without options, starting with zero.)180 693.6 Q .258(The return v)144
710.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
(lid option is supplied or).25 F F2(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-)
.15 F(tory stack.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735
E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)108 84 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ar)A F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)-2.5 E
F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 96 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15
(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122
(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15
F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F .096
(neither the)144 108 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F F1<ad72>
2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E .096
(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1<ad68>
2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each).15 F
F2(jobspec)144 120 Q F0 .672(is not remo)3.482 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.172
(df).15 G .672(rom the table, b)-3.172 F .672(ut is mark)-.2 F .672
(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.172 E F0 .673
(is not sent to the job if the)2.922 F .962(shell recei)144 132 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962
(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1
<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15
H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 144 R F1
<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0
(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F
1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 156 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2
(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E
F1(echo)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)
-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 184.8 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E
F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924
(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307
(error occurs.)144 196.8 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25
F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144
208.8 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
6.348 E F1<ad45>3.848 E F0 1.348(option disables the)3.848 F 1.054
(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 220.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555
(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144
232.8 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959
(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459
F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715
(these escape characters by def)144 244.8 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E
F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .716
(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0
(interprets the follo)144 256.8 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)
144 268.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 280.8 Q F0(backspace)
27.66 E F1(\\c)144 292.8 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E F1(\\e)144
304.8 Q(\\E)144 316.8 Q F0(an escape character)26.55 E F1(\\f)144 328.8
Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 340.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E 2.5(wl)-.25 G
(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 352.8 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144
364.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 376.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G
(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 388.8 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144
400.8 Q F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22 E
(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 412.8 Q F2(HH)A F0
(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E
(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 424.8 Q F2(HHHH)A F0
1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 436.8 R 1.506
(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 448.8 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
(\\U)144 460.8 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547
(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 472.8 R .547
(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
3.048 E(HHH)180 484.8 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G
(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 513.6 R
.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278
(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833
(the same name as a shell b)144 525.6 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99
(the shell normally searches for b)144 537.6 R .989
(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989
(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581
(abled; otherwise,)144 549.6 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.)
4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F
F1(test)4.082 E F0 1.582(binary found via the)4.082 F F3 -.666(PA)4.082
G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 561.6 R .081(uiltin v)
-.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)
2.581 F F0 5.081(.T)C(he)-5.081 E F1<ad66>2.58 E F0 .08
(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 573.6 S 1.524
(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F
F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524
(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 585.6 Q F1<ad64>
2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F
.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn)
-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi)
-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 597.6 R F1<ad70>
2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399
(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4
F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144
609.6 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916
(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 621.6 R 1.916
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879
(enabled. If)144 633.6 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379
(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special)
2.879 E F0 -.2(bu)2.878 G 2.878(iltins. The).2 F .378(return v)2.878 F
(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 645.6 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994
(is not a shell b)3.674 F .994(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)
-.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144
657.6 Q F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108 674.4 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37
E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 686.4 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C
.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F
.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 698.4 R -.15(xe)-.15
G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no)
-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 710.4 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E
(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(7)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(exec)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
<ad61>-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)
-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)
3.006 E F0 .306(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305
(No ne)5.305 F 2.805(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)
5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144
108 R .176(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)
-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177
(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 120 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F
F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E
(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 .499
(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .638(to be e)
3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the)
3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077
(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F
(non-interacti)144 156 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576
(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577
(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577
F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 168 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)
-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005
(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 180 Q 3.036(yr)-.15 G .536
(edirections tak)-3.036 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536
(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536
(If there is a redirection)5.536 F(error)144 192 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G
(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
6.29(]C)C .096(ause the shell to e)-6.29 F .096(xit with a status of)
-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095
(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
-.15 F -.15(exe)144 220.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5
E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 249.6 Q F0 .256(The supplied)144 261.6 R
F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F .257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F
.257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.627 E F1
<ad66>2.627 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the)
.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)
5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126
(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>144 285.6 Q F0 .048
(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v)
-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.548 E F0
.048(option causes the)2.548 F -.15(ex)144 297.6 S 1.447
(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447
(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G
1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)
-.37 E F0 3.946(,t)C(he)-3.946 E -.25(va)144 309.6 S .741(lue of the v)
.25 F .741(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.241 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
(export)5.741 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .742
(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .742(lid option is)
.25 F .032(encountered, one of the)144 321.6 R F2(names)2.532 E F0 .032
(is not a v)2.532 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25
F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0
(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 333.6 Q F1(fc)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5
E F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108
362.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .431
(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 374.4 R F2<8c72>
4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .432
(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .142(edits and re-e)144
386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141
(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
144 398.4 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15
F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .315
(is used as an of)144 410.4 R .315
(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.315 E F2(last)2.904
E F0 .314(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.494 F(-)-.2 E .948
(rent command for listing \(so that)144 422.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948
(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)
3.448 F F2<8c72>5.359 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.129 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)
144 434.4 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0
(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E
(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 458.4
Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 470.4 R .438(If the)
5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
.335(the editor gi)144 482.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E
F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835
(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835
F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 494.4 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E
F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25
F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631
(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 506.4 R .951
(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95
(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F
-.15(exe)144 518.4 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 542.4 R
F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789
E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .347(is intepreted the same as)2.847 F F2<8c72>
2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347
(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .346(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0
2.846(,s)C 2.846(ot)-2.846 G(hat)-2.846 E(typing)144 566.4 Q F4 7.165
(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166
(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)
3.666 E F0(re-e)3.666 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.166(cutes the last com-).15 F
(mand.)144 578.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144
602.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 614.4
R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455
(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
(cuted or f).15 F .787
(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135
(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136
(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 650.4 Q
(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E
(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 667.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
144 679.2 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413
(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413
(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0
1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 691.2 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G
.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617
(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617
(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 703.2 Q
.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363
(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 715.2 Q
F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec)
4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004
(as started without job control.)-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q
(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(8)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(getopts)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144
96 Q F0 .793
(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2
(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149
(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .15
(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45
-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .579
(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578
(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665
(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R 1.665
(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)
4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797
(option in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0 3.297
(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e)
3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G 3.296(ft)-3.296 G
.796(he ne)-3.296 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 156 Q .085
(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(OPTIND)2.585 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F3(OPTIND)
4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846
(or a shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345
(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1
(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803
(into the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.303 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0
.803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804
(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294
(reset between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293
(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F
2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 204 Q
2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543
E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044
(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0
(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.393
(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392
(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892
(ni).15 G(n)-4.892 E F2(ar)4.892 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144
276 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 1.165
(can report errors in tw)3.665 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F
1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.166
(is a colon,)3.886 F F2(silent)4.006 E F0(error)4.346 E 1.071
(reporting is used.)144 312 R 1.071
(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.071 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.07(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144 324 R
.393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable)-.25
E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F
(will be displayed, e)144 336 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5
G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E F2(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)
2.72 E .667(If an in)144 360 R -.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,)
.25 F F1(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667(places ? into)3.167 F F2(name)3.527 E
F0 .666(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399
(and unsets)144 372 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F1
(getopts)2.899 E F0 .399
(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3(OPT)2.899
E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F(diagnostic message is printed.)144 384
Q 1.242(If a required ar)144 408 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F
F1(getopts)3.741 E F0 1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F1
(?).833 E F0 3.741(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F
F2(name)144 420 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.734 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .234
(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.484 F(If)5.234 E F1
(getopts)2.734 E F0 .235(is silent, then a colon \()2.734 F F1(:).833 E
F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 432 Q F2(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3(OPT)
2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F1
(getopts)144 456 Q F0 .902
(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)
3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F
(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 468 Q F1(hash)108 484.8
Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E
F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255dt)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .858
(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4
G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F2(name)
3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956
(the directories in)144 508.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
.956(and remembered.)3.456 F(An)5.956 E 3.456(yp)-.15 G(re)-3.456 E .956
(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 520.8
R F1<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243
(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F2
(\214lename)4.653 E F0 .243(is used as the full \214lename)2.923 F 1.712
(of the command.)144 532.8 R(The)6.712 E F1<ad72>4.212 E F0 1.711
(option causes the shell to for)4.212 F 1.711
(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.711 E F1<ad64>4.211 E F0
.833(option causes the shell to for)144 544.8 R .833
(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I)
C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-)
3.333 F .704(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 556.8 R F2(name)
3.204 E F0 .703(corresponds is printed.)3.204 F .703(If multiple)5.703 F
F2(name)3.203 E F0(ar)3.203 E(guments)-.18 E .795(are supplied with)144
568.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0
.795(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)3.295 F(The)5.795 E F1
<ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934
(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144
580.8 R .934(If no ar)5.934 F .934(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.934(n, or if).15 F(only)144 592.8 Q F1<ad6c>2.821 E F0 .321
(is supplied, information about remembered commands is printed.)2.821 F
.322(The return status is true)5.322 F(unless a)144 604.8 Q F2(name)2.86
E F0(is not found or an in)2.68 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is supplied.)
.25 E F1(help)108 621.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
(pattern)-2.5 E F0(])A .867(Display helpful information about b)144
633.6 R .867(uiltin commands.)-.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0
.866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1(help)3.366 E F0(gi)3.366 E -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.366(sd).15 G(etailed)-3.366 E .306(help on all commands matching)144
645.6 R F2(pattern)2.806 E F0 2.807(;o).24 G .307
(therwise help for all the b)-2.807 F .307
(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 657.6 Q F1
<ad64>144 669.6 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2
(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 681.6 Q F0(Display the description of each)
21.97 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G(ormat)
-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 693.6 Q F0
(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E
F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 710.4 Q F2
(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(9)
203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(history [)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F1(])A
(history \255c)108 96 Q(history \255d)108 108 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E
F1(history \255anrw)108 120 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1
(history \255p)108 132 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)
-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 144 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E
F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144 156 S .752
(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2
G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 168 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88
(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 180 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265
(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2
(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019
(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 192 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
(time stamp and the history line.)144 204 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename)
2.676 E F0 .176
(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F
(not, the v)144 216 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)2.25
E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 228 Q F0
(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)25.86 E F1<ad64>144
240 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position)
180 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 264 Q F0 .598
(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.098('h)-.74 G .598
(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.098 F .599
(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 276 Q F0
(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 288 Q F0 .854(Read \
the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\
rent history list.)24.74 F .772
(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 300 R
.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
(sion.)180 312 Q F1<ad72>144 324 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \
\214le and append them to the current history list.)25.86 E F1<ad77>144
336 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)23.08 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0 .626
(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar)
3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F
2.975(output. Does)180 360 R .475
(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)
2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
(normal history e)180 372 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 384 Q F0 .363
(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 396 Q -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 412.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)
-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 424.8 R .669
(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 436.8 R .956
(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416
(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 448.8 R .416
(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\
ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\
, an in)144 460.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is)
3 E(supplied as an ar)144 472.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5
(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15
E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108
489.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5
E F1(jobs \255x)108 501.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)
-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 513.6 Q .3
-.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 525.6 Q F0
(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1
<ad6e>144 537.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)
24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F
.193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 549.6 Q F1<ad70>144
561.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G
(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 573.6 Q F0
(Display only running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 585.6 Q F0
(Display only stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 602.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.553 E F0
.313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T)
-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 614.4 Q -.25
(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 631.2 R F1
<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394
(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 643.2 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)
2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E
F1(kill)108 660 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1
(kill \255l)108 672 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 684 R F2
(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119
(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2
(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319
(either a case-insensiti)144 696 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319
(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 708 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 720 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F
F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523
F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F
F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names)
.15 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .28
(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 84 R .28
(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E/F1 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 96 Q .378
(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377
(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 108 R
F2(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F
.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F
(occurs or an in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25
E F2(let)108 136.8 Q F1(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
(...])2.5 E(Each)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197
(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
.196(luated \(see).25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F
(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 160.8 Q F1(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25
(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0
(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5
E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 189.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06
(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 .06
(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)
-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 201.6 Q 3.153(yo)
-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F2(declar)
3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
213.6 Q F1(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4
(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F2(local)144 225.6 Q F0 1.165
(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use)
6.165 F F2(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232
(within a function.)144 237.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232
F F2(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F
-.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F1(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144
249.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F2
(logout)108 266.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F2(map\214le)108 283.2
Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>-2.5 E F1
(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>
-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)
2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 295.2 S
(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad4f>
-2.5 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1
(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351
(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 307.2 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.85 E
(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor)
-2.85 F F1(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 319.2 R F2<ad75>3.748 E F0
1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E F3
(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.749 E
(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249 F(ha)144
331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>
144 343.2 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1
(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F1(count)2.5 E F0
(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 355.2 Q F0(Be)22.52 E
(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)
-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)
-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 367.2 Q F0
(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2
<ad74>144 379.2 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E
(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 391.2 Q F0
(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0
(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2<ad43>144 403.2 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E
(aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1(quantum)
2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F2<ad63>2.5 E F0
(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 415.2
Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F1
(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144 432 Q F2<ad43>2.968 E F0 .467
(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F2<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1
(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 444 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G
2.761(ft)-2.761 G .261(he ne)-2.761 F .262(xt array element to be assig\
ned and the line to be assigned to that element)-.15 F .275
(as additional ar)144 456 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E
F0 .275(is e)2.775 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
(luated after the line is read b).25 F .274
(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 468 Q
(If not supplied with an e)144 484.8 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 501.6 Q F0 1.905
(returns successfully unless an in)4.405 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905
(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.906(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr)
4.406 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.406 E(in)144 513.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E
F2(popd)108 530.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0
2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 542.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(se)
.15 G .3(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.8 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G .299
(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15 G
.299(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.478(stack, and performs a)144
554.4 R F2(cd)3.978 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.978 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479
(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.479
(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.779 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.479(he follo).15
F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 566.4 Q F2<ad6e>144 578.4 Q F0 .551
(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551
(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 590.4 Q F2(+)144 602.4 Q F1(n)A
F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0
.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F
F2(dirs)2.64 E F0 2.64(,s)C .14(tarting with zero.)-2.64 F -.15(Fo)180
614.4 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample:)-2.65 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(popd +0)2.5 E F0
(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)
-.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2<ad>144 626.4 Q F1(n)A F0
(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.76(st).15 G(he)-3.76 E F1(n)3.76 E F0
1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)
-.25 F F2(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5
(zero. F)180 638.4 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0
(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65
E F4(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643(If the)144
655.2 R F2(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)3.143 F F2
(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)
3.143 F F2(popd)5.644 E F0 .416(returns f)144 667.2 R .416
(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415
(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915
(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F
(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 679.2 Q
(ails.)-.1 E F2(printf)108 696 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad76>A F1(var)2.5 E F0(])
A F1(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436
(Write the formatted)144 708 R F1(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437
(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F1(format)3.937
E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F2<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126
(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 720 R(ariable)-.25
E F1(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard)2.626
F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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character string which contains three types of objects: plain character\
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scape sequences, which are con)144 120 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703
(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 132 R .037
(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1(ar)144 144 Q(gument)-.37 E F0
5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F1
(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(printf)3.031 E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)
-.25 E(ing e)144 156 Q(xtensions:)-.15 E F2(%b)144 168 Q F0(causes)20.44
E F2(printf)5.115 E F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615
(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F1(ar)
5.115 E(gument)-.37 E F0(\(e)180 180 Q .608(xcept that)-.15 F F2(\\c)
3.108 E F0 .608(terminates output, backslashes in)3.108 F F2<5c08>3.108
E F0(,)A F2(\\")3.108 E F0 3.108(,a)C(nd)-3.108 E F2(\\?)3.108 E F0 .608
(are not remo)3.108 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .608(d, and octal).15 F(escapes be)
180 192 Q(ginning with)-.15 E F2(\\0)2.5 E F0
(may contain up to four digits\).)2.5 E F2(%q)144 204 Q F0(causes)20.44
E F2(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F1(ar)2.51
E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)2.51 F
(input.)180 216 Q F2(%\()144 228 Q F1(datefmt)A F2(\)T)A F0(causes)180
240 Q F2(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904
(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F1(datefmt)
4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 252 R F1
(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F1(ar)
2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381
(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180
264 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F
.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F .847
(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 276 R .847
(as in)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.348(d. If).1 F .848(no ar)3.348
F .848(gument is speci-)-.18 F .355(\214ed, con)180 288 R -.15(ve)-.4 G
.355(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.855(sa).15 G 2.855(si)-2.855 G
2.855(f-)-2.855 G 2.855(1h)-2.855 G .354(ad been gi)-2.855 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 2.854(n. This).15 F .354(is an e)2.854 F .354
(xception to the usual)-.15 F F2(printf)2.854 E F0(beha)180 300 Q(vior)
-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 316.8 Q .463(guments to non-string format speci\
\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464
(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 328.8
R 1.259
(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 340.8 Q(alue of the follo)
-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 357.6 Q F1(format)3.423 E
F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F1(ar)3.423
E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F1(format)
3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F1(ar)144 369.6 Q(guments)-.37 E
F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,)
-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 381.6 Q(The return v)5 E
(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F2(pushd)
108 398.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A F2(pushd)108 410.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6e>A F0
2.5(][)C F1(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the d\
irectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 422.4 R 3.14(wt)
-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 434.4 R 1.316
(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315
(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315
(irectories and)-3.815 F .871
(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 446.4 R 5.871(.A)
-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15
(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 458.4 Q
F2<ad6e>144 470.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\
hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
(only the stack is manipulated.)180 482.4 Q F2(+)144 494.4 Q F1(n)A F0
1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.767 E F0 1.268
(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)
-.25 F F2(dirs)180 506.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 518.4 Q F1(n)A F0
.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
F F2(dirs)180 530.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
-2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 542.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)3.137 E F0 .287
(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc)
-.25 G .288(urrent w)-2.788 F .288(orking directory as)-.1 F
(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 554.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F2
(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .489(If the)144 571.2 R F2(pushd)
2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F2(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488
(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F
F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 583.2 R F1(dir)
3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)
-.4 F F2(pushd)3.54 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847
(stack is empty)144 595.2 R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent\
 directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)
-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 607.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
E(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 624 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 636 R .845
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
648 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181
(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2(set)
2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263(enabled. If)
144 660 R(the)3.263 E F2<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
 reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 672 R -.25(va)
-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 684 Q F2 -.18(re)108 700.8 S(ad)
.18 E F0([)3.816 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad61>-3.816 E F1(aname)
3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad64>-3.816 E F1(delim)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F2
<ad69>-3.816 E F1(te)3.816 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad6e>-3.816 E F1
(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.817 E F1(nc)
3.817 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad70>-3.817 E F1(pr)3.817 E
(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad74>-3.817 E F1(timeout)3.817 E F0 3.817
(][)C F2<ad75>-3.817 E F1(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 712.8 Q F1(name)A F0
(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \
\214le descriptor)144 724.8 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)
3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735
E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad75>2.539 E F0 .039(option, and the \214rst w)
2.539 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
SF(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G .038(he second w)-2.538 F .038
(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0(,).18 E .42
(and so on, with lefto)144 96 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42
(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 108 R .541(wer w)-.25
F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 120 S 3.357(lues. The).25 F .857
(characters in)3.357 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.357 E F0 .857
(are used to split the line into w)3.107 F .857
(ords using the same rules the shell)-.1 F .754(uses for e)144 132 R
.753(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F 1.053 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E
F1 -.75(Wo)3.253 G .753(rd Splitting).75 F F0 3.253(\). The)B .753
(backslash character \()3.253 F F1(\\)A F0 3.253(\)m)C .753(ay be)-3.253
F .075(used to remo)144 144 R .375 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .375 -.15(ny s).15 H
.075(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .076
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Options,)5.076 E
(if supplied, ha)144 156 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 168 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
180 180 R 1.049(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)
-.1 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049
(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F F2(aname)180.33 192 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68
E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E
F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 204 Q
F2(delim)2.5 E F0(The \214rst character of)180 216 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
F1<ad65>144 228 Q F0 .372
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218
(to obtain the line.)180 240 R .218(Readline uses the current \(or def)
5.218 F .218(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F
(viously)-.25 E(acti)180 252 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G
(diting settings.)-2.5 E F1<ad69>144 264 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)
10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
-.25 F(ing be)180 276 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 288 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 300 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395
(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of)
-.1 F(input, b)180 312 Q(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25
E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0
(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 324
Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269
(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E
(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 348 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
5.274 F 1.002
(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 360 R
F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503
E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 372 Q F1<ad70>144 384 Q
F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 396 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E
F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)
-.25 F(an)180 408 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
<ad72>144 420 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
-5.543 F(the line.)180 432 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
-.25 E F1<ad73>144 444 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
<ad74>144 456 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 468 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G
(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 480 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0
(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 492 Q
(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
504 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 516 R .59
(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 528 S(riable)
.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 540 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180
552 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 564 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191
(If no)144 580.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 .191
(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)-.25 E
F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192
(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344
(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 592.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
.18 E F0 1.343
(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F .871
(128\), a v)144 604.8 R .871
(ariable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v)-.25 F
.872(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E
(\214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 616.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1
<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 633.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A
F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 645.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77
(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0
.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144
657.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 669.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 681.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 693.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 705.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
144 717.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
729.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
148.735 E(13)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .26
(option is encountered, one of the)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)-.25 F .26
(ariable name, or)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
(is supplied with a)2.76 F F1(name)144.36 96 Q F0
(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108 112.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 124.8 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F1(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F1(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .469
(the return status is that of the last command e)144 136.8 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G .469(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.469(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.469 E
F2 -.18(re)2.969 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .468(is used out-)2.969 F .466
(side a function, b)144 148.8 R .466(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.467(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)2.967 E F0(\()5.467 E F2(sour)
A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.967(\)c)C .467(ommand, it causes the shell to)-2.967 F
.088(stop e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .087
(cuting that script and return either).15 F F1(n)2.947 E F0 .087
(or the e)2.827 F .087(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .087(cuted within).15 F .613(the script as the e)144 172.8 R .613
(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.613 E F1(n)3.113 E F0 .613
(is supplied, the return v)3.113 F .613
(alue is its least signi\214cant 8)-.25 F 2.511(bits. The)144 184.8 R
.011(return status is non-zero if)2.511 F F2 -.18(re)2.511 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 .011(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.511 F .01
(gument, or is used outside)-.18 F 2.909(af)144 196.8 S .409
(unction and not during e)-2.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .41
(cution of a script by).15 F F2(.)2.91 E F0(or)3.743 E F2(sour)2.91 E
(ce)-.18 E F0 5.41(.A)C .71 -.15(ny c)-5.41 H .41
(ommand associated with the).15 F F2(RETURN)144 208.8 Q F0(trap is e)2.5
E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cution resumes after the function or script.).15 E F2(set)108 225.6 Q
F0([)2.5 E F2(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E
F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E
F2(set)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
(+o)-2.5 E F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0
(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 249.6 S .836(thout options, the name and v).4 F
.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835
(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 261.6
R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 273.6 R F1(posix)2.912 E F0
.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412
(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53
(locale. When)144 285.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An)
-.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F
1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 297.6 R 1.623
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order)
144 309.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F2($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
F2 2.5(... $)2.5 F F1(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 321.6 Q
F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539
(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54
(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 333.6 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)
-.4 E F2<ad62>144 345.6 Q F0 .132
(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F
2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
(primary prompt.)184 357.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2<ad65>144 369.6 Q F0
.087(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F1(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F1 .088(simple command)2.588 F
F0 .088(\), a)B F1(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 381.6 Q
F1 1.294(compound command)3.794 F F0(\(see)3.794 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
1.294(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.794 F F0(abo)3.544 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.793(\), e)
.15 F 1.293(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079
(The shell does not e)184 393.6 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
.08(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 405.6 Q
1.655(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F2(until)4.155 E F0
-.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654
(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F2(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv)
4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 417.6 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F2
(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F2(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582
(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 429.6 R
F2(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F2(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c)
-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917
(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E
-.25(va)184 441.6 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66
(rted with).15 F F2(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661
(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113
(non-zero status because a command f)184 453.6 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
F2<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112
(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 465.6 R 2.677
(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F2(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678
(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178
(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 477.6 R .617
(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 489.6 R(ONMENT)
-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 501.6
Q 2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 519.6 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F2<ad65>4.542
E F0 2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184
531.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436
(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F .194
(body will be af)184 543.6 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F2<ad65>2.694 E
F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F2
<ad65>2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure)
-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 555.6 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89
(ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F2<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89
(while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E
(where)184 567.6 Q F2<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654
(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953
-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F
(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 579.6 Q F2
<ad66>144 591.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2
<ad68>144 603.6 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)
28.74 F 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184
615.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F2<ad6b>144 627.6 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514
(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F
(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 639.6 Q F2
<ad6d>144 651.6 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)25.97 F .148
(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F
.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651
(on systems that support it \(see)184 663.6 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65
(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 675.6 R
.679(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containin\
g its)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 687.6 S(it status.).15 E F2<ad6e>144 699.6 Q
F0 .653(Read commands b)28.74 F .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.653(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for)
5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 711.6 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3
-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735
E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(option\255name)
2.5 E F0(The)184 96 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0
(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 108 Q F0
(Same as)224 120 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 132 Q F0
(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 156 Q F0 .089
(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This)
-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95
(when the shell is interacti)224 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E
F0 2.5(option. This)224 180 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)
184 192 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(errtrace)184 204 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)
184 216 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 240 Q
F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 252 Q F0
(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 276 Q F0 .586
(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587
(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9
/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 288 Q
(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184
300 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 312 R 1.657
(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)
4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224
324 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 336 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 348 Q F1
<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 360 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E
F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 372 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E
F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 396 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(noglob)184 408 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184
420 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 432 Q F0(Same as)15 E
F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 444 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 456 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(ph)184 468 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
(pipefail)184 480 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029
(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03
(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 492 R
1.136
(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
-.15 F -.15(ex)224 504 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 516 Q F0
2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224
528 R F2 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F3 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F
F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306
(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 540 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G
2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224
552 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 564 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224
576 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 588 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)
7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 600 Q F0 1.466
(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965(ace. This)-.1
F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224 612 Q
(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace)184
624 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 642 Q F1<ad6f>3.052
E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053
(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553(alues of the current options are printed.)
-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184 654 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F
F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0 3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)
3.571 E F0 1.071(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F
(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 666 Q F1<ad70>
144 678 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072
(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501
(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 690 R 1.5
(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)184 702 S
(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0
(and)2.774 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.024 E F0 -.25(va)2.774 G .524
(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F
(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 714 R .38
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F 2.196
(user \(group\) id, and the)184 726 R F1<ad70>4.696 E F0 2.196
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)4.696 F 2.196(en and the)
-.1 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(ef)184 84 Q
(fecti)-.25 E 1.667 -.15(ve u)-.25 H 1.367
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F 1.367(If the)6.367 F/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>3.867 E F0 1.366
(option is supplied at startup, the)3.866 F(ef)184 96 Q(fecti)-.25 E
.708 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .408(ser id is not reset.).15 F -.45(Tu)5.409 G
.409(rning this option of).45 F 2.909(fc)-.25 G .409(auses the ef)-2.909
F(fecti)-.25 E .709 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .409(ser and group).15 F
(ids to be set to the real user and group ids.)184 108 Q F1<ad74>144 120
Q F0(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 132 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044
(eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters other than the special \
parameters "@" and "*" as an)-.25 F .182
(error when performing parameter e)184 144 R 2.682(xpansion. If)-.15 F
-.15(ex)2.682 G .183(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25
E .746(able or parameter)184 156 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
168 Q F1<ad76>144 180 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 192 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815
F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E
F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236
(or arithmetic)184 204 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236
(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)
-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 216 Q
(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
<ad42>144 228 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 240 Q
(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 252 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E
F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
3.053(tors. This)184 264 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
.15 F(tor)184 276 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
<ad45>144 288 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
F .838(mands e)184 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 312 Q F1
<ad48>144 324 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 336 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 348 Q F0 .959
(If set, the shell does not resolv)28.19 F 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822
(that change the current w)184 360 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 372 R(def)2.685
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
(mands which change the current directory)184 384 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
396 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
(substitutions, and commands e)184 408 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 420 Q F0
(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 432 Q
F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 444 Q F2
(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
456 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G
1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 468 R
F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
(parameters remain unchanged.)184 480 Q .425(The options are of)144
496.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
(to be turned of)144 508.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
(current set of options may be found in)144 520.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
(is encountered.)144 532.8 Q F1(shift)108 549.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 561.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 573.6 Q F1($#)2.582
E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 585.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 597.6 R
.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 609.6 Q F1(shopt)108 626.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 638.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
(listed belo)144 650.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 662.4 R .826
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F
.945(indication of whether or not each is set.)144 674.4 R(The)5.945 E
F1<ad70>3.445 E F0 .945(option causes output to be displayed in a form)
3.445 F(that may be reused as input.)144 686.4 Q(Other options ha)5 E .3
-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 698.4 Q
F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 710.4
Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A
(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad71>144 84 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet\
 mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180
96 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F
(all)180 108 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5
E F1<ad6f>144 120 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625
(If either)144 136.8 R F1<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0
.624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)
-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624
(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233(set or unset, respecti)144
148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234
(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234
(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 160.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E
1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 177.6 R
F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F
.696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
144 189.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696
(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 201.6 Q(The list of)144 218.4 Q F1(shopt)
2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 236.4 Q F0 .2
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
(ment to the)184 248.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
F1(cdable_v)144 260.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 272.4 R .155
(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
(name of a v)184 284.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 296.4 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
(corrected. The)184 308.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 320.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
(the command proceeds.)184 332.4 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
.15 E F1(checkhash)144 344.4 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 356.4 R F1(bash)
4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F
2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 368.4 S(cute it.).15 E
(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 380.4
Q F0 .449(If set,)184 392.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 404.4 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G
.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
(attempted without an interv)184 416.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15
F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 428.4 Q -.1(wa)
-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 440.4 Q F0 .796(If set,)184
452.4 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G
.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G
.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 464.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5
E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)
144 476.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
488.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 500.4
Q F0 .419(If set,)184 512.4 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)
2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42
(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .462(to the)
184 524.4 R F1([[)2.962 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E
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(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71
(using the)184 536.4 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F
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3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .821
(use ASCII collation and)184 548.4 R F2(str)3.321 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821
(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.32(sc)-.55 G
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(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 572.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 584.4 R F1
(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)
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2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F(vious item\).)184 608.4 Q
F1(compat40)144 620.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 632.4 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0
1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41
(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008
(string comparison when using the)184 644.4 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007
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4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 656.4 R
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(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions)
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668.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F
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Q(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 692.4 Q F0 1.483
(If set,)184 704.4 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F
F2(posix)3.983 E F0 1.484
(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15
(ex)184 716.4 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55
G .958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.458
(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59
(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184
728.4 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F(GNU Bash-4.2)72
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(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(compat42)144 108 Q F0 1.796(If set,)184 120 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796
(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w)
4.296 F(ord)-.1 E -.15(ex)184 132 S(pansion using quote remo).15 E -.25
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156 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214le\
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(forming completion.)184 168 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E
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(ev e)184 216 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F
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(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184
228 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 240 Q
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(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486
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(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
(ord completion if)-.1 F
(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 312 Q(xist.)-.15 E
F1(dotglob)144 324 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i)
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(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 336 Q F0 1.386
(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386
(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
1.387(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 348 Q
(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E
(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15
E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 360 Q F0
.717(If set, aliases are e)184 372 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15
F 1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E
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(by def)184 384 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
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420 Q F0(The)28.5 E F1<ad46>4.25 E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1
(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)4.251 G 1.751
(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F
(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 432 Q
(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 444 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5
F F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F
1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 456
Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 468 Q F0 .84
(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841
(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15
(exe)220 480 S .488
(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
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(sour)220 492 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1
-.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 504 Q
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3.154 F(abo)220 516 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 528 Q F0 1.359
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(command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220
540 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E/F4 10
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(command substitution, shell functions, and subshells)5.804 F(in)220 564
Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4
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(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 588 Q
F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 600 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 612 R
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(pansions).15 E(enclosed in double quotes.)184 624 Q
(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 636 Q F0
1.425(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425
(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.424
(xpansion result in an)-.15 F -.15(ex)184 648 S(pansion error).15 E(.)
-.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 660 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
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(pletions. See)184 696 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0
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(FIGNORE)2.948 E F3(.)A F0 .448(This option is)4.948 F(enabled by def)
184 708 Q(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(18)
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(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431
(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 168 R .431
(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0
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180 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 192 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\
en in the standard GNU error message format.)184 204 Q F1(histappend)144
216 Q F0 .676
(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
228 R .676(alue of the)-.25 F F2(HISTFILE)3.176 E F0 -.25(va)2.926 G
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E F0 .575(If set, and)184 264 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575
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(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F
(tory substitution.)184 276 Q F1(histv)144 288 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403
(If set, and)184 300 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 312 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
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(hostcomplete)144 336 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 348 R F1 -.18(re)3.682
G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181
(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184
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184 396 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
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.33(If set, allo)184 420 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33
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(ord and all remaining characters on)-.1 F .967
(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 432 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25
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(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 456 Q F0 1.212
(If set, and job control is not acti)6.66 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,t).15
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(exe)184 468 S(cuted in the background in the current shell en).15 E
(vironment.)-.4 E F1(lithist)144 480 Q F0 .654(If set, and the)15.55 F
F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654
(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F
(with embedded ne)184 492 Q
(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
(login_shell)144 504 Q F0 .486
(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
516 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve)
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E F1(mailwar)144 540 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184
552 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815
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(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 576 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 588 R F1 -.18
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(completions when completion is attempted on an empty line.)184 600 Q F1
(nocaseglob)144 612 Q F0 .436(If set,)184 624 R F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436
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H .437(ashion when performing pathname).05 F -.15(ex)184 636 S
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660 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)
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F1 -.18(re)144 168 S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
184 180 R F2 1.069(RESTRICTED SHELL)3.569 F F0(belo)184 192 Q 4.178
(w\). The)-.25 F -.25(va)4.178 G 1.678(lue may not be changed.).25 F
1.678(This is not reset when the startup \214les are)6.678 F -.15(exe)
184 204 S(cuted, allo).15 E(wing the startup \214les to disco)-.25 E
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(shift)3.001 E F0 -.2(bu)3.001 G .501
(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502
(xceeds the number)-.15 F(of positional parameters.)184 240 Q F1(sour)
144 252 Q(cepath)-.18 E F0 .771(If set, the)184 264 R F1(sour)3.271 E
(ce)-.18 E F0(\()3.271 E F1(.)A F0 3.271(\)b)C .771(uiltin uses the v)
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(to \214nd the directory containing the)3.02 F(\214le supplied as an ar)
184 276 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F(option is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)
-.1 E F1(xpg_echo)144 288 Q F0(If set, the)184 300 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F0
-.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin e).2 E(xpands backslash-escape sequences by def)-.15
E(ault.)-.1 E F1(suspend)108 316.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F0(])A 1.001
(Suspend the e)144 328.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.001
(cution of this shell until it recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.501(sa).15 G
F2(SIGCONT)A F0 3.502(signal. A)3.252 F 1.002(login shell cannot be)
3.502 F .023(suspended; the)144 340.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023
(option can be used to o)2.523 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .022
(rride this and force the suspension.).15 F .022(The return status is)
5.022 F 2.5(0u)144 352.8 S(nless the shell is a login shell and)-2.5 E
F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.)2.5
E F1(test)108 369.6 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1([)
108 381.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(])2.5 E F0 .877
(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)6.77 F .878
(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878
(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F3 -.2(ex)144 393.6
S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53
(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03
(gument. Expressions)-.18 F .53(are composed of the)3.03 F 3.079
(primaries described abo)144 405.6 R 3.379 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E
F2(CONDITION)5.579 E 3.079(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
(.)A F1(test)7.579 E F0 3.08(does not accept an)5.58 F(y)-.15 E
(options, nor does it accept and ignore an ar)144 417.6 Q(gument of)-.18
E F1<adad>2.5 E F0(as signifying the end of options.)2.5 E .786
(Expressions may be combined using the follo)144 435.6 R .785
(wing operators, listed in decreasing order of prece-)-.25 F 3.411
(dence. The)144 447.6 R -.25(eva)3.411 G .911
(luation depends on the number of ar).25 F .912(guments; see belo)-.18 F
4.712 -.65(w. O)-.25 H .912(perator precedence is).65 F
(used when there are \214v)144 459.6 Q 2.5(eo)-.15 G 2.5(rm)-2.5 G
(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E F1(!)144 471.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E
F0 -.35(Tr)12.6 G(ue if).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F0(is f)3.23 E
(alse.)-.1 E F1(\()144 483.6 Q F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr).2 E F1(\))2.5 E F0
.26(Returns the v)6.77 F .26(alue of)-.25 F F3 -.2(ex)2.76 G(pr).2 E F0
5.26(.T)C .26(his may be used to o)-5.26 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .26
(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 495.6 Q F3 -.2
(ex)144 507.6 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0
-.35(Tr)180 519.6 S(ue if both).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5
E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F3 -.2(ex)144 531.6 S
(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180
543.6 S(ue if either).35 E F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F3 -.2
(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 560.4 Q F0(and)2.5 E
F1([)2.5 E F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E
(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 578.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
180 590.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 602.4 S -.18
(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 614.4 Q
(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
E 2.5(2a)144 626.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
180 638.4 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 650.4 R .38
(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180 662.4 Q .552
(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 674.4 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 686.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 698.4 R .236
(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 710.4 R 1.155 -.15
(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 722.4 R .578(xpression i\
s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F
(guments)-.18 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 1.332
(as operands.)180 84 R(The)6.332 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>3.832 E F0
(and)3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333
(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558
(three ar)180 96 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058 F
.558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F .558
(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1
E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180 108 R 3.021
(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521(gument is e)-.18 F
(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)3.021 F(ar)180 120 Q
.485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0 2.985(,t)C .485
(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485(gument test of the second ar)-.18
F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E(wise, the e)180 132 Q
(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 144 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 156 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1
(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15
G .385(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385
(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648(posed of the remaining ar)180 168 R 4.147
(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647
(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E
(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 180 Q -.15(ve)
-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 192 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18
E 1.635(The e)180 204 R 1.635(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)
-.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F
(abo)180 216 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 234 Q F1(test)
2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5
E F1(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E
(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 250.8 Q F0
1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
 processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 262.8
Q F1(trap)108 279.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E
.702(The command)144 291.6 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702
(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .702
(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203(ss).15 G
(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F2
(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609(absent \(and there is a single)
144 303.6 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E
F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
.658(\(the v)144 315.6 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec)
144.34 327.6 Q F0 .581
(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214
(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 339.6 R
F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215
F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 351.6 R F1<ad70>3.36
E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
(signal. The)144 363.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F
4.311(bers. Each)144 375.6 R F2(sigspec)4.651 E F0 1.811
(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.621 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.81
(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E
(names are case insensiti)144 387.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.648
(If a)144 405.6 R F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0
1.648(\(0\) the command)3.898 F F2(ar)4.479 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.649(is e)
4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)
-.15 F 1.649(If a)6.649 F F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(DEB)144
417.6 Q(UG)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 1.168(the command)3.418 F
F2(ar)3.998 E(g)-.37 E F0 1.168(is e)3.888 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.167
(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command)
3.667 F F0(,)A F2(for)3.667 E F0(command,)3.667 E F2(case)3.667 E F0
(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 429.6 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)
2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147
(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147
(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 441.6 R F3 .146
(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0
.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 453.6 Q F1(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7
(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E(UG)
-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F3
(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 465.6 Q F2(ar)
3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.643(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F1(sour)3.143 E(ce)
-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 477.6 Q -.15(xe)
-.15 G(cuting.).15 E .521(If a)144 495.6 R F2(sigspec)3.361 E F0(is)
3.331 E F3(ERR)3.021 E F4(,)A F0 .522(the command)2.771 F F2(ar)3.352 E
(g)-.37 E F0 .522(is e)3.242 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .522(cuted whene).15 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.022(raap).15 G .522(ipeline \(which may consist of a)
-3.022 F .185(single simple command\), a list, or a compound command re\
turns a non\255zero e)144 507.6 R .184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F
.451(the follo)144 519.6 R .451(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.451 E F3
(ERR)2.951 E F0 .451(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451
(cuted if the f).15 F .452(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
(mand list immediately follo)144 531.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)
2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387
(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 543.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778
(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0
3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 555.6 R
1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)
-3.78 F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F
F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 567.6 Q
(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5
(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
585.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 597.6 R .662
(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is)
-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 609.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108
626.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 638.4 S .173
(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)
3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
F1<ad74>144 650.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2
(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 662.4 Q F0 .086
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 674.4 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 686.4 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
144 698.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
E F0 .112(search for each)144 710.4 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E
F0(and)144 722.4 Q F1<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F
.73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)
-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F
(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F1(type)
4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.249
E F0 6.749(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E .744
(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 96 R F1<ad70>
3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743
(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
144 108 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
144 120 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326
E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 132 Q F1(ulimit)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A
(Pro)144 160.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15
G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
.944(that allo)144 172.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
144 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 196.8 R .426
(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
208.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
.742(of the special v)144 220.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 244.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 256.8 Q 2.5
(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
<ad61>144 268.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
280.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
F1<ad63>144 292.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
F1<ad64>144 304.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 316.8 Q F0
(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 328.8 Q
F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
26.97 E F1<ad69>144 340.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
27.52 E F1<ad6c>144 352.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 364.8 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 376.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
(be set\))180 388.8 Q F1<ad70>144 400.8 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
<ad71>144 412.8 Q F0
(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F1<ad72>144
424.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F1<ad73>144
436.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144 448.8 Q F0
(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 460.8 Q
F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 472.8 Q F0 .47
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
484.8 Q F1<ad78>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E
F1<ad54>144 508.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144
525.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468
(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2
(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045
(no option is gi)144 537.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .402(in seconds;)144
549.6 R F1<ad70>2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402
(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.902 F F1<ad54>2.902 E F0(,)
A F1<ad62>2.902 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.902 E F0 2.902(,a)C(nd)-2.902 E F1
<ad75>2.903 E F0 2.903(,w)C .403(hich are unscaled)-2.903 F -.25(va)144
561.6 S 3.083(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083
F -.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
573.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 590.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 602.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
pted by)144 614.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
626.4 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 638.4 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
(mode)144.38 650.4 Q F0 .551
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 662.4 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
(unalias)108 679.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 691.2 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
F(remo)144 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
148.735 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 23 23
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>
-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 96 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0
3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327
(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 108 Q F0 1.551
(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 120 R F1<ad66>
4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141
(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 F
(remo)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e>
2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037
(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E
F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492
(be unset rather than the v)144 144 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25 F
F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1
<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F
.221(options are supplied, each)144 156 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221
(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22
(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188
(tion with that name is unset.)144 168 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G
1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206
(passed to subsequent commands.)144 180 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706(yo)
-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E
F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 192 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E
F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348
F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144 204
Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a)
-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 220.8 Q
F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2 2.5(n.)-2.5 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8
(Wa)144 232.8 S .027(it for each speci\214ed child process and return i\
ts termination status.).8 F(Each)5.026 E F2(n)2.886 E F0 .026
(may be a process ID)2.766 F .256
(or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25
G .256(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G .256
(ipeline are w)-2.756 F .256(aited for)-.1 F 5.256(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.256 E
F2(n)3.116 E F0 .318(is not gi)144 256.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .318
(n, all currently acti).15 F .618 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .318
(hild processes are w).15 F .318(aited for)-.1 F 2.818(,a)-.4 G .318
(nd the return status is zero.)-2.818 F .317(If the)5.317 F F1<ad6e>144
268.8 Q F0 .361(option is supplied,)2.861 F F1(wait)2.861 E F0 -.1(wa)
2.861 G .361(its for an).1 F 2.862(yj)-.15 G .362
(ob to terminate and returns its e)-2.862 F .362(xit status.)-.15 F(If)
5.362 E F2(n)3.222 E F0(speci\214es)3.102 E 2.596(an)144 280.8 S(on-e)
-2.596 E .096(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F
.095(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.095 F .095(xit status)-.15
F(of the last process or job w)144 292.8 Q(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E/F5
10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 309.6 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
321.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.2)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF