doc/bashref.ps

   1 %!PS-Adobe-2.0
   2 %%Creator: dvips(k) 5.95a Copyright 2005 Radical Eye Software
   3 %%Title: bashref.dvi
   4 %%Pages: 164
   5 %%PageOrder: Ascend
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   8 %%+ CMCSC10 CMSLTT10 CMTT12 CMSY9 CMR8 CMTT9 CMTI9 CMR9
   9 %%DocumentPaperSizes: Letter
  10 %%EndComments
  11 %DVIPSWebPage: (www.radicaleye.com)
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  14 %DVIPSSource:  TeX output 2009.02.05:0805
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  16 %!
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  19 mul N/landplus90{false}def/@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1}ifelse 0
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  42 SI restore userdict/eop-hook known{eop-hook}if showpage}N/@start{
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  80 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:45:46
  81 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
  82 11 dict begin
  83 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
  84 /version (1.0) readonly def
  85 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
  86 /FullName (CMTT12) readonly def
  87 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
  88 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
  89 /ItalicAngle 0 def
  90 /isFixedPitch true def
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  93 /PaintType 0 def
  94 /FontType 1 def
  95 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
  96 /Encoding 256 array
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 198 %%BeginFont: CMR9
 199 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR9 1.0
 200 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:59
 201 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
 202 11 dict begin
 203 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
 204 /version (1.0) readonly def
 205 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
 206 /FullName (CMR9) readonly def
 207 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
 208 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
 209 /ItalicAngle 0 def
 210 /isFixedPitch false def
 211 end readonly def
 212 /FontName /CMR9 def
 213 /PaintType 0 def
 214 /FontType 1 def
 215 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
 216 /Encoding 256 array
 217 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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 236 dup 78 /N put
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 254 dup 109 /m put
 255 dup 110 /n put
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 268 readonly def
 269 /FontBBox{-39 -250 1036 750}readonly def
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 271 currentfile eexec
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 568 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 569 cleartomark
 570 %%EndFont
 571 %%BeginFont: CMTI9
 572 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTI9 1.0
 573 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 18 21:08:07
 574 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
 575 11 dict begin
 576 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
 577 /version (1.0) readonly def
 578 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
 579 /FullName (CMTI9) readonly def
 580 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
 581 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
 582 /ItalicAngle -14.04 def
 583 /isFixedPitch false def
 584 end readonly def
 585 /FontName /CMTI9 def
 586 /PaintType 0 def
 587 /FontType 1 def
 588 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
 589 /Encoding 256 array
 590 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
 591 dup 46 /period put
 592 readonly def
 593 /FontBBox{-35 -250 1148 750}readonly def
 594 currentdict end
 595 currentfile eexec
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 635 cleartomark
 636 %%EndFont
 637 %%BeginFont: CMSLTT10
 638 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSLTT10 1.0
 639 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:41:43
 640 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
 641 11 dict begin
 642 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
 643 /version (1.0) readonly def
 644 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
 645 /FullName (CMSLTT10) readonly def
 646 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
 647 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
 648 /ItalicAngle -9.46 def
 649 /isFixedPitch true def
 650 end readonly def
 651 /FontName /CMSLTT10 def
 652 /PaintType 0 def
 653 /FontType 1 def
 654 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
 655 /Encoding 256 array
 656 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
 657 dup 39 /quoteright put
 658 dup 42 /asterisk put
 659 dup 45 /hyphen put
 660 dup 48 /zero put
 661 dup 49 /one put
 662 dup 50 /two put
 663 dup 51 /three put
 664 dup 58 /colon put
 665 dup 65 /A put
 666 dup 67 /C put
 667 dup 68 /D put
 668 dup 69 /E put
 669 dup 70 /F put
 670 dup 72 /H put
 671 dup 73 /I put
 672 dup 74 /J put
 673 dup 76 /L put
 674 dup 77 /M put
 675 dup 78 /N put
 676 dup 80 /P put
 677 dup 82 /R put
 678 dup 84 /T put
 679 dup 88 /X put
 680 dup 92 /backslash put
 681 dup 95 /underscore put
 682 dup 97 /a put
 683 dup 98 /b put
 684 dup 99 /c put
 685 dup 100 /d put
 686 dup 101 /e put
 687 dup 102 /f put
 688 dup 103 /g put
 689 dup 104 /h put
 690 dup 105 /i put
 691 dup 106 /j put
 692 dup 107 /k put
 693 dup 108 /l put
 694 dup 109 /m put
 695 dup 110 /n put
 696 dup 111 /o put
 697 dup 112 /p put
 698 dup 113 /q put
 699 dup 114 /r put
 700 dup 115 /s put
 701 dup 116 /t put
 702 dup 117 /u put
 703 dup 118 /v put
 704 dup 119 /w put
 705 dup 120 /x put
 706 dup 121 /y put
 707 readonly def
 708 /FontBBox{-20 -233 617 696}readonly def
 709 currentdict end
 710 currentfile eexec
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 980 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 981 cleartomark
 982 %%EndFont
 983 %%BeginFont: CMTT9
 984 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT9 1.0
 985 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:46:24
 986 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
 987 11 dict begin
 988 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
 989 /version (1.0) readonly def
 990 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
 991 /FullName (CMTT9) readonly def
 992 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
 993 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
 994 /ItalicAngle 0 def
 995 /isFixedPitch true def
 996 end readonly def
 997 /FontName /CMTT9 def
 998 /PaintType 0 def
 999 /FontType 1 def
1000 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
1001 /Encoding 256 array
1002 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
1003 dup 33 /exclam put
1004 dup 35 /numbersign put
1005 dup 36 /dollar put
1006 dup 38 /ampersand put
1007 dup 39 /quoteright put
1008 dup 40 /parenleft put
1009 dup 41 /parenright put
1010 dup 42 /asterisk put
1011 dup 44 /comma put
1012 dup 45 /hyphen put
1013 dup 46 /period put
1014 dup 47 /slash put
1015 dup 48 /zero put
1016 dup 49 /one put
1017 dup 50 /two put
1018 dup 51 /three put
1019 dup 52 /four put
1020 dup 58 /colon put
1021 dup 59 /semicolon put
1022 dup 60 /less put
1023 dup 62 /greater put
1024 dup 63 /question put
1025 dup 64 /at put
1026 dup 65 /A put
1027 dup 66 /B put
1028 dup 67 /C put
1029 dup 68 /D put
1030 dup 69 /E put
1031 dup 70 /F put
1032 dup 71 /G put
1033 dup 72 /H put
1034 dup 73 /I put
1035 dup 75 /K put
1036 dup 76 /L put
1037 dup 77 /M put
1038 dup 78 /N put
1039 dup 79 /O put
1040 dup 80 /P put
1041 dup 82 /R put
1042 dup 83 /S put
1043 dup 84 /T put
1044 dup 85 /U put
1045 dup 86 /V put
1046 dup 87 /W put
1047 dup 88 /X put
1048 dup 89 /Y put
1049 dup 90 /Z put
1050 dup 91 /bracketleft put
1051 dup 93 /bracketright put
1052 dup 94 /asciicircum put
1053 dup 95 /underscore put
1054 dup 96 /quoteleft put
1055 dup 97 /a put
1056 dup 98 /b put
1057 dup 99 /c put
1058 dup 100 /d put
1059 dup 101 /e put
1060 dup 102 /f put
1061 dup 103 /g put
1062 dup 104 /h put
1063 dup 105 /i put
1064 dup 106 /j put
1065 dup 107 /k put
1066 dup 108 /l put
1067 dup 109 /m put
1068 dup 110 /n put
1069 dup 111 /o put
1070 dup 112 /p put
1071 dup 113 /q put
1072 dup 114 /r put
1073 dup 115 /s put
1074 dup 116 /t put
1075 dup 117 /u put
1076 dup 118 /v put
1077 dup 119 /w put
1078 dup 120 /x put
1079 dup 121 /y put
1080 dup 122 /z put
1081 dup 123 /braceleft put
1082 dup 125 /braceright put
1083 dup 126 /asciitilde put
1084 readonly def
1085 /FontBBox{-6 -233 542 698}readonly def
1086 currentdict end
1087 currentfile eexec
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1486 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1487 cleartomark
1488 %%EndFont
1489 %%BeginFont: CMR8
1490 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR8 1.0
1491 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:40
1492 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
1493 11 dict begin
1494 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
1495 /version (1.0) readonly def
1496 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
1497 /FullName (CMR8) readonly def
1498 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1499 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
1500 /ItalicAngle 0 def
1501 /isFixedPitch false def
1502 end readonly def
1503 /FontName /CMR8 def
1504 /PaintType 0 def
1505 /FontType 1 def
1506 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
1507 /Encoding 256 array
1508 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
1509 dup 39 /quoteright put
1510 dup 45 /hyphen put
1511 dup 49 /one put
1512 dup 65 /A put
1513 dup 66 /B put
1514 dup 67 /C put
1515 dup 68 /D put
1516 dup 69 /E put
1517 dup 70 /F put
1518 dup 76 /L put
1519 dup 80 /P put
1520 dup 82 /R put
1521 dup 83 /S put
1522 dup 84 /T put
1523 dup 91 /bracketleft put
1524 dup 97 /a put
1525 dup 99 /c put
1526 dup 101 /e put
1527 dup 106 /j put
1528 dup 107 /k put
1529 dup 110 /n put
1530 dup 112 /p put
1531 dup 114 /r put
1532 dup 115 /s put
1533 dup 116 /t put
1534 dup 117 /u put
1535 readonly def
1536 /FontBBox{-36 -250 1070 750}readonly def
1537 currentdict end
1538 currentfile eexec
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1649 098F6158763C0049A17CFADB12AA198B74E7AB62805556BD9DB8424A1037136B
1650 5AE30853446E67EE01770DC8153A906FC71DE0D8C85B86DDD62E6951B77E1709
1651 900338A3CB40515E0636185392979B2BE52FEAC763930A99019C675FBFB94041
1652 DC09D119540CE689EF7C3ABA5D62573F6E4559B44F3F8AE1C3D04540525A10F6
1653 501588CF0897D767C84E00896EE7CEF9FE832E772AFEAC08B1700F8F54056E19
1654 F05D44DA94063E497FA35C720A6EEBB2156BC1D91E68101C366AA5BC68CDC2BF
1655 90CB15EB12AE0F234B370EFC0B4A23C4E503EAF5529A032838C87F51FA806214
1656 41BF8EDBF22C89F8905D4C8F7260B2269180C6E3127ED31ABD878D74EA7BDE87
1657 F597D440AE923A58AB02D27E349CA7CC043B946D89D81C8AE4264863989AB2AE
1658 5061880897F46E6CF9519548AC8A01431C746C482F4B4C6166788D372CE9C997
1659 E233DF9597857AF04E493EAFCE780FD229D04F4FA02CE51ACF4BD4CE1917F19D
1660 12C4B25B1A3575F0B41317EEA24DE1BEFDB1BC3AFD5F61E512238726E8E3A31A
1661 8B2F3BE79948C8B1B6CA815AEFE34B90DB93B7282C775D1FE88632A41B4FCBD2
1662 A05A9A04968293E79A8FE18892B806179790119BA3FE378B2AC882295A25C7FB
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1665 09D08C56667DE58A1E78DA8103A4E9D6ED7DEACF7561BF0C85039468226296AC
1666 861156CB0F0FF2FEC76D2A32E7E49C48F06A95D61A2FE40F135634BCB99FE538
1667 1F8492A5CEAC9CD4AC76533C237259E077AF4F1F26B3D1B0EC473CD56D3BAA8B
1668 CDDAE26E7CEFBED818C1DD83AB0142EBB928E6FBC0697FD81B7A73B5CA05A16F
1669 11EC2428A8A77674D63707F0C91D78EC64F8D5F648199904AFCB27DFB49FC8B4
1670 CBFC4869BC0A2FCFC7AB259DDF59A941CF4A1D4AD4F451CD7FBDB168FF72038B
1671 F1578D89C8F938FF72D408753AD113114460BEB902B7A0EC4F37A6FE3117E4CB
1672 625A664D7FC480E986681C7E3055036ADB8546EAC44B5F12CB4001039A9DE56F
1673 A61D523DE1B0F83609E46E38CFE4146049420154A9C7C75622032404970B674D
1674 4F79BC99A5F3F720A45709338E8C6A529257281CC880C8C77CDD0F7E6B495D67
1675 AB139E3DA9CCC3C99306C3CE9B0E53D77B1A009A261B8A22B789BB67934EE7F3
1676 A1CA8C2170082F18903F335085FE5219EB3CD0ED4DC01C9A45426C26046219F5
1677 3CA60CADB58F6ADE1FEAB848184067C6ABFC365553E20960EDF70DC319FF9574
1678 654155F8AEFD9864A839EF5E0327291C8784AA2DADD37665FD8A2D70066411CA
1679 C88205E79FF0E2C2FEED0661FFD3736A81A26AEF35599A7463B9F036D6B22AF5
1680 A6B0C9254F72BECE010800BB32100A745954D96F9A273D5BAC6658B5433BAA80
1681 22B18397514F4C3DA8D0AFE9ECF437788CF11071BEDBFA9D5FCE42FB0896FFC9
1682 629971DF9C78E9C40B065C909971202797E90387D12835DF3D305370094E9B37
1683 4D294623FD09CFDEE5CA6F75827A69303D30026AB518BE812F021C7B25AAFE70
1684 6485201252BE6AD4F19F33A18844904890003E57A763FCA21B0744BDEE1473E0
1685 CDD16D4A0A20DDC9B9CCD3E7146C95696FBAD1D1426C6EFF8733219106B56B58
1686 42DFF423398F878930F85DA3245F6E248E98674144209F1DEFC9BB3D80F4425E
1687 F6CF06E89522871DAC2865
1688 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1689 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1690 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1691 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1692 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1693 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1694 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1695 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1696 cleartomark
1697 %%EndFont
1698 %%BeginFont: CMSY9
1699 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY9 1.0
1700 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:22:27
1701 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
1702 11 dict begin
1703 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
1704 /version (1.0) readonly def
1705 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
1706 /FullName (CMSY9) readonly def
1707 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1708 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
1709 /ItalicAngle -14.035 def
1710 /isFixedPitch false def
1711 end readonly def
1712 /FontName /CMSY9 def
1713 /PaintType 0 def
1714 /FontType 1 def
1715 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
1716 /Encoding 256 array
1717 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
1718 dup 104 /angbracketleft put
1719 dup 105 /angbracketright put
1720 readonly def
1721 /FontBBox{-30 -958 1146 777}readonly def
1722 currentdict end
1723 currentfile eexec
1724 D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052F09F9C8ADE9D907C058B87E9B6964
1725 7D53359E51216774A4EAA1E2B58EC3176BD1184A633B951372B4198D4E8C5EF4
1726 A213ACB58AA0A658908035BF2ED8531779838A960DFE2B27EA49C37156989C85
1727 E21B3ABF72E39A89232CD9F4237FC80C9E64E8425AA3BEF7DED60B122A52922A
1728 221A37D9A807DD01161779DDE7D31FF2B87F97C73D63EECDDA4C49501773468A
1729 27D1663E0B62F461F6E40A5D6676D0037D33F24E2FAC2B0009AD3C8350CDF8CC
1730 65BCA87979C36D14CB552E9A985E48BE4E88ECA16DF418749AF04FDD2B0E1380
1731 D281BB2476BB45FF30946B247DFD7F57305FA87E50CA338121C71CDFDF927A9C
1732 77FF14CB4A1D6D80356FB1171ED38C37702350497B44E42CE31DB2F493807DAA
1733 15B887C671199A54C4C1294BC520F5538C15556BC43C9F62342B121C6DCD6C5F
1734 491DA47FF360201EE21C08A781ED0589A6DF91B99FE118B9B29E4F068672E52F
1735 1A06C514D91C4C937D4E642503392B1CD1BF5AF0BCA28EBD840AD76CC39AD7AA
1736 CF2C05711374F7849708E1106F88737C9AA60612D384CA8C173FF1031EBF6EA4
1737 176136DE1B9F29E40E82680A2CFFDC24DA05853307F1D1F6537D061EBCBCC5AE
1738 E6316380ECD8E63ACBEA9FD1FC28949366850AAABCBC9552CAB2CA3BB934C8A2
1739 14C9DFADE24D9214858B1D42B2171DB18A475AF78868C2549F19555AAB07F586
1740 58B28541C74E14F28B68DA42A9D46C031CBD74FC09BFEAA3AC1DDC68B7B71B81
1741 6003C9C6AC8EDDDC046D247A2B8AFA63A3B1BA1F12AE0B4DD07327F0138BF470
1742 4630E4B5DA55C194F454EE2E872E0ABE6B879DF2E87CF81F75D79F458F7D3F81
1743 FDB76C15EEC4125D18685E1D8591C54C0B0D069E2ED73434617B9D30E64457E6
1744 1542E4630E848948FF2747D5C31B9C314AE108931003DB9F76644DB43D245499
1745 2D28E8452E50B1945E13A5DE2A8B93523D3671D1C7ED07EAB6FFB559E5A1F828
1746 B22D2FAF349B40C3B31FE806595F67C5E75260514F456FA0013668D948619514
1747 0EFFC35C1AA131AF8578A254AE62CA75A6631489C78CCE633A3B302BFACB
1748 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1749 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1750 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1751 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1752 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1753 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1754 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1756 cleartomark
1757 %%EndFont
1758 %%BeginFont: CMCSC10
1759 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMCSC10 1.0
1760 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 18 17:46:49
1761 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
1762 11 dict begin
1763 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
1764 /version (1.0) readonly def
1765 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
1766 /FullName (CMCSC10) readonly def
1767 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1768 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
1769 /ItalicAngle 0 def
1770 /isFixedPitch false def
1771 end readonly def
1772 /FontName /CMCSC10 def
1773 /PaintType 0 def
1774 /FontType 1 def
1775 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
1776 /Encoding 256 array
1777 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
1778 dup 45 /hyphen put
1779 dup 47 /slash put
1780 dup 50 /two put
1781 dup 97 /a put
1782 dup 98 /b put
1783 dup 99 /c put
1784 dup 100 /d put
1785 dup 101 /e put
1786 dup 102 /f put
1787 dup 103 /g put
1788 dup 104 /h put
1789 dup 105 /i put
1790 dup 106 /j put
1791 dup 108 /l put
1792 dup 109 /m put
1793 dup 110 /n put
1794 dup 111 /o put
1795 dup 112 /p put
1796 dup 114 /r put
1797 dup 115 /s put
1798 dup 116 /t put
1799 dup 117 /u put
1800 dup 120 /x put
1801 readonly def
1802 /FontBBox{14 -250 1077 750}readonly def
1803 currentdict end
1804 currentfile eexec
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1806 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B
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1811 900ECFB1390CA5C0C3A04528044F266BA17BE487C79B94FAC6D6484684C5BFEA
1812 87BCCC77D40AD11552035E95E3007126418ED49B68468B38A14E88E68A267B98
1813 076F1C9769A5AFBC285E5B158EAC9F926F1D6C0B8F1D57D9C31D25AE27123518
1814 9D2CD92E5689E0213089BD268DA5E47525CB8EABAA4B78A15AEA34705889AB3A
1815 FFB8953B5B3482E52BFA0940630ADF8C0AC2177D907324299EE980E850F203CD
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1817 CCC24BDFC68B92111055ABA5F26D2DC67C70906F71C2957701D65AE746A60C30
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1819 C8CA50CB16D8702D188E56D014D92F76CE0B52ABDB9110E32438D2BBF3E6A40B
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1837 C3CECA21CC24C1C7C3CF17D2565DA4EBC9EE79001A286A1D0E0E8F48E4FA44DE
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1880 832827A0FA9505B6D468F73DBFC63CF5188A5E2C1291C7666BF88A82FFF54275
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1884 C24294F7302D00AF096FD25D8ED6D779D3A1D65F7BA72D9F88BCAC873AA8F3C6
1885 BB9F693671D2C1E75F57C379604972E32DEE03D3709F7B1E2A71775EB003C9B8
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1901 457049066E8A4F3A7DC08593FA16FAF7AB4D8DEE6DAA41DE801BDE5A295CDBCE
1902 177EA270FC3C77914CD71BC4C508943B00CF8CCE983809DF50BECD29382C1BB4
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1912 27DDB98733BF0D7C56331EE45E9507923BC85F4B72053C2548604ADD163E28BD
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1943 E61D639EAB084E31FF721B4E17DEEB0E8A0E14E13ACA8BEFE2
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1945 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1946 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1947 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1948 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1949 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1950 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1951 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
1952 cleartomark
1953 %%EndFont
1954 %%BeginFont: CMBX12
1955 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMBX12 1.0
1956 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:34:54
1957 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
1958 11 dict begin
1959 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
1960 /version (1.0) readonly def
1961 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
1962 /FullName (CMBX12) readonly def
1963 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
1964 /Weight (Bold) readonly def
1965 /ItalicAngle 0 def
1966 /isFixedPitch false def
1967 end readonly def
1968 /FontName /CMBX12 def
1969 /PaintType 0 def
1970 /FontType 1 def
1971 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
1972 /Encoding 256 array
1973 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
1974 dup 11 /ff put
1975 dup 12 /fi put
1976 dup 33 /exclam put
1977 dup 35 /numbersign put
1978 dup 36 /dollar put
1979 dup 39 /quoteright put
1980 dup 42 /asterisk put
1981 dup 44 /comma put
1982 dup 45 /hyphen put
1983 dup 46 /period put
1984 dup 48 /zero put
1985 dup 49 /one put
1986 dup 50 /two put
1987 dup 51 /three put
1988 dup 52 /four put
1989 dup 53 /five put
1990 dup 54 /six put
1991 dup 55 /seven put
1992 dup 56 /eight put
1993 dup 57 /nine put
1994 dup 58 /colon put
1995 dup 63 /question put
1996 dup 64 /at put
1997 dup 65 /A put
1998 dup 66 /B put
1999 dup 67 /C put
2000 dup 68 /D put
2001 dup 69 /E put
2002 dup 70 /F put
2003 dup 71 /G put
2004 dup 72 /H put
2005 dup 73 /I put
2006 dup 74 /J put
2007 dup 75 /K put
2008 dup 76 /L put
2009 dup 77 /M put
2010 dup 78 /N put
2011 dup 79 /O put
2012 dup 80 /P put
2013 dup 81 /Q put
2014 dup 82 /R put
2015 dup 83 /S put
2016 dup 84 /T put
2017 dup 85 /U put
2018 dup 86 /V put
2019 dup 87 /W put
2020 dup 88 /X put
2021 dup 89 /Y put
2022 dup 91 /bracketleft put
2023 dup 93 /bracketright put
2024 dup 96 /quoteleft put
2025 dup 97 /a put
2026 dup 98 /b put
2027 dup 99 /c put
2028 dup 100 /d put
2029 dup 101 /e put
2030 dup 102 /f put
2031 dup 103 /g put
2032 dup 104 /h put
2033 dup 105 /i put
2034 dup 106 /j put
2035 dup 107 /k put
2036 dup 108 /l put
2037 dup 109 /m put
2038 dup 110 /n put
2039 dup 111 /o put
2040 dup 112 /p put
2041 dup 113 /q put
2042 dup 114 /r put
2043 dup 115 /s put
2044 dup 116 /t put
2045 dup 117 /u put
2046 dup 118 /v put
2047 dup 119 /w put
2048 dup 120 /x put
2049 dup 121 /y put
2050 readonly def
2051 /FontBBox{-53 -251 1139 750}readonly def
2052 currentdict end
2053 currentfile eexec
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2450 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2451 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2452 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2453 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2454 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2455 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2456 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2457 cleartomark
2458 %%EndFont
2459 %%BeginFont: CMTI10
2460 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTI10 1.00B
2461 %%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:56:16
2462 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
2463 11 dict begin
2464 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
2465 /version (1.00B) readonly def
2466 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
2467 /FullName (CMTI10) readonly def
2468 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2469 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
2470 /ItalicAngle -14.04 def
2471 /isFixedPitch false def
2472 end readonly def
2473 /FontName /CMTI10 def
2474 /PaintType 0 def
2475 /FontType 1 def
2476 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
2477 /Encoding 256 array
2478 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
2479 dup 12 /fi put
2480 dup 46 /period put
2481 dup 97 /a put
2482 dup 99 /c put
2483 dup 100 /d put
2484 dup 101 /e put
2485 dup 103 /g put
2486 dup 105 /i put
2487 dup 108 /l put
2488 dup 109 /m put
2489 dup 110 /n put
2490 dup 111 /o put
2491 dup 112 /p put
2492 dup 114 /r put
2493 dup 115 /s put
2494 dup 116 /t put
2495 dup 118 /v put
2496 dup 120 /x put
2497 readonly def
2498 /FontBBox{-163 -250 1146 969}readonly def
2499 currentdict end
2500 currentfile eexec
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2595 B6C96617C75BE615A510248A4FF3F09F7AD0EB0B104BB0EE5316496390A0DF28
2596 BED8A07237800A2FF3D37E3880D3602459C7BD5A92F393595D4FABE161052D34
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2600 5C0F1A4164140397FBF75672C7366128A2A3DE696901EA882DCA6EDC457D6145
2601 FC84214EAB132905FC7529E63022CD7E08D828E47B5C7D0BBCD171F0C0788A2D
2602 BE4FE10CBF36FB8DFCEB0702365B4A58F8DA9F8C24061970B47C39E0153DC714
2603 9EE93688EB1BB49F171364F1BCFD69B0B38BEEC512841B7B59F48E2BDF0C8232
2604 3CBEE59A81530987299A450478201B8FB8E98B0F6369F5FE50106C3A0AF03D98
2605 49B780C7FD6BFCB03677033FA56127E28871494281C0ADB19DB2D777D299FE76
2606 C262C2E999F56E64284C4533AF281C1936EA6174AC011C38680D10829226B268
2607 AFF13938517274BD415ABE48CF8928DAD48C10852C257858F2BC616499086BE6
2608 9D3F0A2F6FEC61CA36A7271549AD623B6AC984DDB50A603D5682718730E7D200
2609 CBF0518D89F46E91B8580D8E9902018EBC8B1FD4D1A8648EE790A5067A2B2F0F
2610 AD3A4AD02F0CFA43E612C2AE8E758AA1D80989FCD00E41487E3D2A563B2369F0
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2612 A48DF5F64384719683608F1DE5767882784CC7B5E15B2E296B5303BBBED04074
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2614 2D615E219C92538BFA1B4A69379A138E54E640119E9DB26441D797A337494517
2615 EFF7DF0429A7F508F8DBE974FCFBC97D9D1380BD012B2C20DC36D2337F259AAE
2616 691A0705BDB9394DC90A1DF5C180C033A0D139C1B12E62061E05F9A2551B7F9B
2617 A7A90850ECB9878A9DD62FE08100A77CF9BC4BE11231F190B741741686F48FF5
2618 A19AE1DBB06323E9A1BB20D1F4EC8A845FD8C702C4E9090BAEAD6CA0E188F1E2
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2622 A466F534A15C839B94D7643CFB51C8B0D83522479542F044B14A751D5EE125EF
2623 08539F8A1FE1C0F083747BAB9CEEB7940BE0DED33165DB549D8E91EFD50CB8FE
2624 C48BF3901D4515FFE1F82CF7155F7A441C00D380EDB2AC81A23114BF7E2CAB46
2625 2517D67692C1FEBC62EEBA954BCF7407E096D839C9998AAF740B2F6503B4B40E
2626 A85255E6AAC61D6E83E25D205DD4784EB270CA150F639078DA1AC9B2D2338488
2627 C0DA863DD9FED4A30C6803CB601883E95C1209D1E3572EDAFAFEB2D5B8F025F6
2628 84765B31CAD2D66C3AFE6417E2156B039893183C7AC26EBEF0001CECCEFCE180
2629 511CB2691E429155ACB128EA2E33E38434467F89F9A61CD996921C8B378B72C9
2630 EE97FF7AA8D2CD8797037892209C10F5947350E7DDC33DC6A01D23374CB1EAAD
2631 537DEBF3B575143F6BDEF20DE12B2DAC6B522F7048E23F9B22B2EC042DBCB851
2632 5B392DCE99C783C870EEF9586D731732AF882401E812C2A553D6DBA2D78C324C
2633 A653B748A155C1AAE475B5B7D416E8E4463AF3CA87146BADBA7DB13412C94949
2634 317812DD7BD9F9945DCBEFFD7C05BA588714371AFCD0147B0F7A5DC66E0F0F7F
2635 4B597E49716029FFFAE90EF4A6D633407CD450BB2B831AC6289F449724DCF278
2636 AEFFDDB0D12BA46B7D39F11888A50BEDAEAC715E4B880E9FC41C635463BD99E1
2637 4C401E5965405ECCE3AC654A2AFC59E95ED0416C797E5F145724DCD5A293A717
2638 9A977A438CD5EDB02D1208F8A3CDF4E00E6D6A188DCFEC2CD5BF86CBF61D7C67
2639 A1A0A7946A35D7E7AC06F71DE671E33EC9A9ECA21E966AB453DEBF483D36F688
2640 9D03C08AC0B39B8FA47C704E1B7522ACCA02C9DD0A21D47C0A4E007C9C2A6F61
2641 C0BD63CAAB8FB38E4D9775B42C49C33FC4A10AC96F71D2282E1A5C3CA63AC981
2642 3F84C84EB68C4225FC169E8BC6F0CFDD7CBD8EB98A49C1F60705E8F3686EED4A
2643 CF7E7FBB6630537CACB9C8A7F75DAA999BD91F88AA09F399AD41C19ABC746E83
2644 93CEC3820496D0C0B4EB224AE6286A637DA5DE
2645 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2646 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2647 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2648 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2649 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2650 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2651 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2652 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2653 cleartomark
2654 %%EndFont
2655 %%BeginFont: CMBXTI10
2656 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMBXTI10 1.0
2657 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 18 17:46:30
2658 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
2659 11 dict begin
2660 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
2661 /version (1.0) readonly def
2662 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
2663 /FullName (CMBXTI10) readonly def
2664 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2665 /Weight (Bold) readonly def
2666 /ItalicAngle -14.04 def
2667 /isFixedPitch false def
2668 end readonly def
2669 /FontName /CMBXTI10 def
2670 /PaintType 0 def
2671 /FontType 1 def
2672 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
2673 /Encoding 256 array
2674 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
2675 dup 46 /period put
2676 readonly def
2677 /FontBBox{-29 -250 1274 754}readonly def
2678 currentdict end
2679 currentfile eexec
2680 D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE
2681 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B
2682 532F85D811C70D1429A19A5307EF63EB5C5E02C89FC6C20F6D9D89E7D91FE470
2683 B72BEFDA23F5DF76BE05AF4CE93137A219ED8A04A9D7D6FDF37E6B7FCDE0D90B
2684 986423E5960A5D9FBB4C956556E8DF90CBFAEC476FA36FD9A5C8175C9AF513FE
2685 D919C2DDD26BDC0D99398B9F4D004B836D34E88C20EEB527CE1124209388A2DF
2686 E27A8DF298A2693A9D529916AA0B2176E6ED237F69D84A8FEEB36861D1847207
2687 BE2BD61C6A412FFFEDFF13AFEC32AC7735BCCE5965F5966418A62ECB99112AB3
2688 3BC938EC590FF6922659125EB67E260BF02885E49BA6019E696D33F0B53606A2
2689 F515E0C45F323311613A94B838491BAB9FE230C5CC79D22925E3D882799F2707
2690 C32975A494F0F9513E4D8332E7E54470D9721FBD345CDBB48286F2F19CC6D66E
2691 BB631DD6476A509167A49CA525A72CA50E82C1D08C2B372DB54C5949C753B632
2692 2009B761EB90492ACD3CBE6A35CE1B66F3BC4D8DC36827CE4261A703328451D1
2693 879438479917C1647772999171DCCF1491A1C9086E0C6393506768F8757BD81D
2694 141C46EB9BF507EEC29962A0072B6C5D8C8588F3D68886CD2606DD3BD2FECCEF
2695 63245494E93EEA12AAFB06110E54ADC444C7E7619627A48A464394E5DE06EB46
2696 4C76A2FF010318BBE48B3776C826A265C66515717F7F2E943C60EBAB23D96B5B
2697 FD514A1C4E79BB3D3D2DEB936F90CD3FABF7B09FF7F564AB5CF4AF6A40E869FD
2698 395885A88F4A138B3CA6943A2D430BBE43D91F7F17621CAF52FB7161DA3B2003
2699 82244FB6EE792DCA1722C03392C296C029A2DCC5BAAB3EA03F8DEB039DC83AE1
2700 763AAB84776A2CCFFAE9EAF0BFDAE417E8BE682D237FFEDAF224AC09C9665019
2701 165CE32F5349E857177D94AD6396570932E1657ADE4D3FF57A3419946CCD210E
2702 57E5A1D91CF708395942527D127606350924D71BC21C6F969288B1C8CA3404ED
2703 E6219985F7301A20621368F74747EAD38990A4C9F2B62913B8FDB93657409FF5
2704 178DAA7C97C35EAFA47778CE03E863303582D8A9900EF4F8DA879DED54BACD7A
2705 4A50C18AA2ED906FC4DC073B1E6CA1E3855AD5B7698EF4A96B77DBE19A12382A
2706 CFA8717DE230CB6182F2250885B8E90AC42A66484A7B527061B223A6D1CC72D4
2707 890359E7E04690BFFA99FAB5CC9999F0873A9DBE49E33F79E483FAD72313DF9A
2708 7B7D926461988C23CCE9F71AB7BB63BDB2B10B3F78176380AFFC154825C9BDCE
2709 82303FBFC3B59E070438984C28D12E8655BBBF049125BF56DD2B0DE8C0450E55
2710 82832DA59EBEB001AAD86F2317460DD7ED264611B9043614221ECF
2711 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2712 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2713 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2714 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2715 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2716 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2717 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2718 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2719 cleartomark
2720 %%EndFont
2721 %%BeginFont: CMSY10
2722 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0
2723 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57
2724 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
2725 11 dict begin
2726 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
2727 /version (1.0) readonly def
2728 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
2729 /FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
2730 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2731 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
2732 /ItalicAngle -14.035 def
2733 /isFixedPitch false def
2734 end readonly def
2735 /FontName /CMSY10 def
2736 /PaintType 0 def
2737 /FontType 1 def
2738 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
2739 /Encoding 256 array
2740 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
2741 dup 0 /minus put
2742 dup 13 /circlecopyrt put
2743 dup 15 /bullet put
2744 dup 33 /arrowright put
2745 dup 55 /mapsto put
2746 readonly def
2747 /FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def
2748 currentdict end
2749 currentfile eexec
2750 D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA052F09F9C8ADE9D907C058B87E9B6964
2751 7D53359E51216774A4EAA1E2B58EC3176BD1184A633B951372B4198D4E8C5EF4
2752 A213ACB58AA0A658908035BF2ED8531779838A960DFE2B27EA49C37156989C85
2753 E21B3ABF72E39A89232CD9F4237FC80C9E64E8425AA3BEF7DED60B122A52922A
2754 221A37D9A807DD01161779DDE7D31FF2B87F97C73D63EECDDA4C49501773468A
2755 27D1663E0B62F461F6E40A5D6676D1D12B51E641C1D4E8E2771864FC104F8CBF
2756 5B78EC1D88228725F1C453A678F58A7E1B7BD7CA700717D288EB8DA1F57C4F09
2757 0ABF1D42C5DDD0C384C7E22F8F8047BE1D4C1CC8E33368FB1AC82B4E96146730
2758 DE3302B2E6B819CB6AE455B1AF3187FFE8071AA57EF8A6616B9CB7941D44EC7A
2759 71A7BB3DF755178D7D2E4BB69859EFA4BBC30BD6BB1531133FD4D9438FF99F09
2760 4ECC068A324D75B5F696B8688EEB2F17E5ED34CCD6D047A4E3806D000C199D7C
2761 515DB70A8D4F6146FE068DC1E5DE8BC57033D79919697C81395D5B94C3AAAB11
2762 52D73937B8F82D3E2E764DA1B3BE273CBB84E4B1919CC1D5586C21F6FC23BF1D
2763 82DE5A8DFA3E8F5C25622AAB9F7A588532D13C663079C8FB84DA6BD4D2DEDB2F
2764 84CE30D0F188EEA26BAA650B1AA18C7D241CC179AE82933C45A82BD57808E2D8
2765 032E1ABA37E4FD8E27AF35326011B8BD7FCA4EA71B5FDB60F7D63D0874B77656
2766 F289B324BE95E33A9B732669966C96E64C4840A8EDE39410E6F6F0F027063530
2767 B760AECC1594FED97FDAF84016D6D7CD8358E062040143593FD734B7EBEF810C
2768 6B1B941E0676910D0A04466C27EB62523967DA65748264D137D8ED841E3D36A8
2769 06761884C9AC0DE7C88FBA06B933E311EC28B17428C69C796E3F14C6E7CF97E7
2770 9FF2559E5D1F9EA00554A5995096075ED8901E2F45E76B2C5566E947E41294B5
2771 9BC17D2F1AB2C577F2710540F7235BB4569D2FEE06C8E45C8A1C0BDCA78A43D5
2772 7A687297D36E269B9EC59754EDB5DE481018BA228AEC200DD877D3E5DA7159C6
2773 50F4D7348BA64508F84DAF7FCF01B8C5ABFBE5861D4B32F9E32C7C4B2B6EA064
2774 F179E8F62E3A59DC65FB475A3DB61C36E43AB3EEF286A50FD5F57277747CB7B7
2775 78284143B3F0196437A1DEC9E61454F80C6720D8008EB945799236677E7FA331
2776 E091CD5D924C48EF02DEB2B54D8EE02897C481C815C24F15A7548E2ED908E3DE
2777 3763983CE2ED0A86B6BB97B4626F1AAFFAFF27CEF18947AF2EB40D7124A122C7
2778 6A6ED9E0528A29F7A238DB73B95869018D40674CEDB9A993B6C117FADE48A8C5
2779 C6ADAE4960C0D56F3E30ACB38CA8AA8443166BCFF6A5FC2177C6836859CDE55B
2780 E0F1E80605C8670AC34DC8E8586ACA6E1CECE99C53A42C5730
2781 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2782 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2783 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2784 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2785 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2786 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2787 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2788 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
2789 cleartomark
2790 %%EndFont
2791 %%BeginFont: CMSL10
2792 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSL10 1.0
2793 %%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:40:20
2794 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
2795 11 dict begin
2796 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
2797 /version (1.0) readonly def
2798 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
2799 /FullName (CMSL10) readonly def
2800 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
2801 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
2802 /ItalicAngle -9.46 def
2803 /isFixedPitch false def
2804 end readonly def
2805 /FontName /CMSL10 def
2806 /PaintType 0 def
2807 /FontType 1 def
2808 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
2809 /Encoding 256 array
2810 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
2811 dup 11 /ff put
2812 dup 12 /fi put
2813 dup 14 /ffi put
2814 dup 42 /asterisk put
2815 dup 45 /hyphen put
2816 dup 49 /one put
2817 dup 50 /two put
2818 dup 51 /three put
2819 dup 65 /A put
2820 dup 66 /B put
2821 dup 67 /C put
2822 dup 68 /D put
2823 dup 69 /E put
2824 dup 70 /F put
2825 dup 71 /G put
2826 dup 72 /H put
2827 dup 73 /I put
2828 dup 75 /K put
2829 dup 76 /L put
2830 dup 77 /M put
2831 dup 78 /N put
2832 dup 79 /O put
2833 dup 80 /P put
2834 dup 82 /R put
2835 dup 83 /S put
2836 dup 84 /T put
2837 dup 85 /U put
2838 dup 87 /W put
2839 dup 88 /X put
2840 dup 97 /a put
2841 dup 98 /b put
2842 dup 99 /c put
2843 dup 100 /d put
2844 dup 101 /e put
2845 dup 102 /f put
2846 dup 103 /g put
2847 dup 104 /h put
2848 dup 105 /i put
2849 dup 106 /j put
2850 dup 107 /k put
2851 dup 108 /l put
2852 dup 109 /m put
2853 dup 110 /n put
2854 dup 111 /o put
2855 dup 112 /p put
2856 dup 113 /q put
2857 dup 114 /r put
2858 dup 115 /s put
2859 dup 116 /t put
2860 dup 117 /u put
2861 dup 118 /v put
2862 dup 119 /w put
2863 dup 120 /x put
2864 dup 121 /y put
2865 readonly def
2866 /FontBBox{-62 -250 1123 750}readonly def
2867 currentdict end
2868 currentfile eexec
2869 D9D66F633B846A97B686A97E45A3D0AA0529731C99A784CCBE85B4993B2EEBDE
2870 3B12D472B7CF54651EF21185116A69AB1096ED4BAD2F646635E019B6417CC77B
2871 532F85D811C70D1429A19A5307EF63EB5C5E02C89FC6C20F6D9D89E7D91FE470
2872 B72BEFDA23F5DF76BE05AF4CE93137A219ED8A04A9D7D6FDF37E6B7FCDE0D90B
2873 986423E5960A5D9FBB4C956556E8DF90CBFAEC476FA36FD9A5C8175C9AF513FE
2874 D919C2DDD26BDC0D99398B9F4D03D5993DFC0930297866E1CD0A319B6B1FD958
2875 9429B9D40924DC059325D9D4CC0344F3F997A99E6CC0676735EBCD685AAC9142
2876 08DAFEC78BB41AFC2F1C219910BDF41D6279284EF600B69776CA15BC8A34347C
2877 30783C52AFA60FBE3E353E2AE354CF87B558776A22C776C7A0B5AB5CE1F941EF
2878 C2D9CAC37294BF407A671F10E4743BF842143F4F7DFEE643BA3BBD8BB9E3F24A
2879 BCCF7F0ADF8BA500620C81033EAE8C4EF2C1DEF13AC575F1B3BBB66F093D3B78
2880 5412B82B67FFA087AF57182B2230F9F2137180CA58A7D9B2C822FF04BE6CD01D
2881 43B2CA7058C7B953F6D9B5D6E91ECBAA5CDE1159B0E59C83DBAD96D6C8C8BAB1
2882 374EF652D10C0F3EE7104472C98DD3572AAF2D45A70BF7061447E21EE3C3BF23
2883 DF39C2D1B35B42CD5297BEBE6BC94F7C9DC6E61EC67E4F677256FED9064BD3E4
2884 B51A71B1D27CA4E5AA9E1D8080E6DAB5310711EEF87C40859FA935B19524AE83
2885 63B163FA8397BDFF443227FEDF7DB27DC35D89FB1C5E435DA0619A5C88AFC73B
2886 89A2DF5E767C5B536BC7167A840A0C32BD57A14DE69A7D0D819AC36FF32F908A
2887 5070F32983BB007437E3500799DF5E0AD3710A4C0000F0098D5BE99F2EB9C1C2
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3235 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3236 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3237 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3238 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3239 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3240 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3241 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3242 cleartomark
3243 %%EndFont
3244 %%BeginFont: CMTT10
3245 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT10 1.00B
3246 %%CreationDate: 1992 Apr 26 10:42:42
3247 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
3248 11 dict begin
3249 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
3250 /version (1.00B) readonly def
3251 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
3252 /FullName (CMTT10) readonly def
3253 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3254 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
3255 /ItalicAngle 0 def
3256 /isFixedPitch true def
3257 end readonly def
3258 /FontName /CMTT10 def
3259 /PaintType 0 def
3260 /FontType 1 def
3261 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
3262 /Encoding 256 array
3263 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
3264 dup 33 /exclam put
3265 dup 34 /quotedbl put
3266 dup 35 /numbersign put
3267 dup 36 /dollar put
3268 dup 37 /percent put
3269 dup 38 /ampersand put
3270 dup 39 /quoteright put
3271 dup 40 /parenleft put
3272 dup 41 /parenright put
3273 dup 42 /asterisk put
3274 dup 43 /plus put
3275 dup 44 /comma put
3276 dup 45 /hyphen put
3277 dup 46 /period put
3278 dup 47 /slash put
3279 dup 48 /zero put
3280 dup 49 /one put
3281 dup 50 /two put
3282 dup 51 /three put
3283 dup 52 /four put
3284 dup 53 /five put
3285 dup 54 /six put
3286 dup 55 /seven put
3287 dup 56 /eight put
3288 dup 57 /nine put
3289 dup 58 /colon put
3290 dup 59 /semicolon put
3291 dup 60 /less put
3292 dup 61 /equal put
3293 dup 62 /greater put
3294 dup 63 /question put
3295 dup 64 /at put
3296 dup 65 /A put
3297 dup 66 /B put
3298 dup 67 /C put
3299 dup 68 /D put
3300 dup 69 /E put
3301 dup 70 /F put
3302 dup 71 /G put
3303 dup 72 /H put
3304 dup 73 /I put
3305 dup 75 /K put
3306 dup 76 /L put
3307 dup 77 /M put
3308 dup 78 /N put
3309 dup 79 /O put
3310 dup 80 /P put
3311 dup 81 /Q put
3312 dup 82 /R put
3313 dup 83 /S put
3314 dup 84 /T put
3315 dup 85 /U put
3316 dup 86 /V put
3317 dup 87 /W put
3318 dup 88 /X put
3319 dup 89 /Y put
3320 dup 90 /Z put
3321 dup 91 /bracketleft put
3322 dup 92 /backslash put
3323 dup 93 /bracketright put
3324 dup 94 /asciicircum put
3325 dup 95 /underscore put
3326 dup 96 /quoteleft put
3327 dup 97 /a put
3328 dup 98 /b put
3329 dup 99 /c put
3330 dup 100 /d put
3331 dup 101 /e put
3332 dup 102 /f put
3333 dup 103 /g put
3334 dup 104 /h put
3335 dup 105 /i put
3336 dup 106 /j put
3337 dup 107 /k put
3338 dup 108 /l put
3339 dup 109 /m put
3340 dup 110 /n put
3341 dup 111 /o put
3342 dup 112 /p put
3343 dup 113 /q put
3344 dup 114 /r put
3345 dup 115 /s put
3346 dup 116 /t put
3347 dup 117 /u put
3348 dup 118 /v put
3349 dup 119 /w put
3350 dup 120 /x put
3351 dup 121 /y put
3352 dup 122 /z put
3353 dup 123 /braceleft put
3354 dup 124 /bar put
3355 dup 125 /braceright put
3356 dup 126 /asciitilde put
3357 readonly def
3358 /FontBBox{-4 -235 731 800}readonly def
3359 currentdict end
3360 currentfile eexec
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3835 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3836 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3837 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3838 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3839 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3840 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3841 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3842 cleartomark
3843 %%EndFont
3844 %%BeginFont: CMR10
3845 %!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B
3846 %%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
3847 % Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
3848 11 dict begin
3849 /FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
3850 /version (1.00B) readonly def
3851 /Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
3852 /FullName (CMR10) readonly def
3853 /FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
3854 /Weight (Medium) readonly def
3855 /ItalicAngle 0 def
3856 /isFixedPitch false def
3857 end readonly def
3858 /FontName /CMR10 def
3859 /PaintType 0 def
3860 /FontType 1 def
3861 /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
3862 /Encoding 256 array
3863 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
3864 dup 11 /ff put
3865 dup 12 /fi put
3866 dup 13 /fl put
3867 dup 14 /ffi put
3868 dup 33 /exclam put
3869 dup 34 /quotedblright put
3870 dup 36 /dollar put
3871 dup 37 /percent put
3872 dup 39 /quoteright put
3873 dup 40 /parenleft put
3874 dup 41 /parenright put
3875 dup 44 /comma put
3876 dup 45 /hyphen put
3877 dup 46 /period put
3878 dup 47 /slash put
3879 dup 48 /zero put
3880 dup 49 /one put
3881 dup 50 /two put
3882 dup 51 /three put
3883 dup 52 /four put
3884 dup 53 /five put
3885 dup 54 /six put
3886 dup 55 /seven put
3887 dup 56 /eight put
3888 dup 57 /nine put
3889 dup 58 /colon put
3890 dup 59 /semicolon put
3891 dup 61 /equal put
3892 dup 63 /question put
3893 dup 65 /A put
3894 dup 66 /B put
3895 dup 67 /C put
3896 dup 68 /D put
3897 dup 69 /E put
3898 dup 70 /F put
3899 dup 71 /G put
3900 dup 72 /H put
3901 dup 73 /I put
3902 dup 74 /J put
3903 dup 75 /K put
3904 dup 76 /L put
3905 dup 77 /M put
3906 dup 78 /N put
3907 dup 79 /O put
3908 dup 80 /P put
3909 dup 81 /Q put
3910 dup 82 /R put
3911 dup 83 /S put
3912 dup 84 /T put
3913 dup 85 /U put
3914 dup 86 /V put
3915 dup 87 /W put
3916 dup 88 /X put
3917 dup 89 /Y put
3918 dup 90 /Z put
3919 dup 91 /bracketleft put
3920 dup 92 /quotedblleft put
3921 dup 93 /bracketright put
3922 dup 96 /quoteleft put
3923 dup 97 /a put
3924 dup 98 /b put
3925 dup 99 /c put
3926 dup 100 /d put
3927 dup 101 /e put
3928 dup 102 /f put
3929 dup 103 /g put
3930 dup 104 /h put
3931 dup 105 /i put
3932 dup 106 /j put
3933 dup 107 /k put
3934 dup 108 /l put
3935 dup 109 /m put
3936 dup 110 /n put
3937 dup 111 /o put
3938 dup 112 /p put
3939 dup 113 /q put
3940 dup 114 /r put
3941 dup 115 /s put
3942 dup 116 /t put
3943 dup 117 /u put
3944 dup 118 /v put
3945 dup 119 /w put
3946 dup 120 /x put
3947 dup 121 /y put
3948 dup 122 /z put
3949 dup 123 /endash put
3950 dup 124 /emdash put
3951 readonly def
3952 /FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def
3953 currentdict end
3954 currentfile eexec
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4597 b Fn(.)20 b(.)g(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
4598 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)57 b Fr(5)449 1537 y Ft(3.1)92
4599 b(Shell)30 b(Syn)m(tax)22 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4600 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4601 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)52
4602 b Ft(5)748 1646 y(3.1.1)93 b(Shell)30 b(Op)s(eration)10
4603 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4604 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40
4605 b Ft(5)748 1756 y(3.1.2)93 b(Quoting)10 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4606 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
4607 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40
4608 b Ft(5)1047 1866 y(3.1.2.1)93 b(Escap)s(e)30 b(Character)24
4609 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4610 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)53 b Ft(6)1047 1975 y(3.1.2.2)93
4611 b(Single)31 b(Quotes)15 b Fm(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
4612 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45
4613 b Ft(6)1047 2085 y(3.1.2.3)93 b(Double)31 b(Quotes)15
4614 b Fm(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4615 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)44 b Ft(6)1047 2194 y(3.1.2.4)93
4616 b(ANSI-C)30 b(Quoting)18 b Fm(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4617 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)48
4618 b Ft(6)1047 2304 y(3.1.2.5)93 b(Lo)s(cale-Sp)s(eci\014c)32
4619 b(T)-8 b(ranslation)11 b Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4620 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)41 b Ft(7)748 2413 y(3.1.3)93 b(Commen)m(ts)25
4621 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4622 (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4623 g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b Ft(7)449 2523 y(3.2)92 b(Shell)30 b(Commands)23
4624 b Fm(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
4625 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4626 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)53 b Ft(7)748 2633 y(3.2.1)93
4627 b(Simple)30 b(Commands)15 b Fm(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4628 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4629 g(.)g(.)45 b Ft(8)748 2742 y(3.2.2)93 b(Pip)s(elines)14
4630 b Fm(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4631 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4632 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)44 b Ft(8)748 2852 y(3.2.3)93 b(Lists)30
4633 b(of)h(Commands)23 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4634 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4635 54 b Ft(9)748 2961 y(3.2.4)93 b(Comp)s(ound)28 b(Commands)17
4636 b Fm(.)d(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4637 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)47 b Ft(9)1047 3071
4638 y(3.2.4.1)93 b(Lo)s(oping)30 b(Constructs)c Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4639 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)56
4640 b Ft(9)1047 3181 y(3.2.4.2)93 b(Conditional)31 b(Constructs)18
4641 b Fm(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)47
4642 b Ft(10)1047 3290 y(3.2.4.3)93 b(Grouping)30 b(Commands)13
4643 b Fm(.)h(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4644 g(.)42 b Ft(13)748 3400 y(3.2.5)93 b(Copro)s(cesses)20
4645 b Fm(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
4646 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4647 g(.)49 b Ft(14)449 3509 y(3.3)92 b(Shell)30 b(F)-8 b(unctions)8
4648 b Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4649 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4650 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)38 b Ft(14)449 3619 y(3.4)92
4651 b(Shell)30 b(P)m(arameters)20 b Fm(.)c(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4652 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4653 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49 b
4654 Ft(16)748 3729 y(3.4.1)93 b(P)m(ositional)32 b(P)m(arameters)14
4655 b Fm(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
4656 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43 b Ft(16)748 3838
4657 y(3.4.2)93 b(Sp)s(ecial)30 b(P)m(arameters)f Fm(.)15
4658 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4659 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)57 b Ft(16)449
4660 3948 y(3.5)92 b(Shell)30 b(Expansions)20 b Fm(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4661 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4662 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49
4663 b Ft(17)748 4057 y(3.5.1)93 b(Brace)31 b(Expansion)e
4664 Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4665 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)58
4666 b Ft(18)748 4167 y(3.5.2)93 b(Tilde)30 b(Expansion)17
4667 b Fm(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4668 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)47
4669 b Ft(19)748 4276 y(3.5.3)93 b(Shell)30 b(P)m(arameter)h(Expansion)18
4670 b Fm(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4671 h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)47 b Ft(20)748 4386 y(3.5.4)93 b(Command)29
4672 b(Substitution)f Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4673 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)58 b Ft(22)748
4674 4496 y(3.5.5)93 b(Arithmetic)31 b(Expansion)12 b Fm(.)j(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4675 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4676 g(.)g(.)g(.)42 b Ft(23)748 4605 y(3.5.6)93 b(Pro)s(cess)30
4677 b(Substitution)19 b Fm(.)c(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4678 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49
4679 b Ft(23)748 4715 y(3.5.7)93 b(W)-8 b(ord)30 b(Splitting)c
4680 Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4681 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55
4682 b Ft(24)748 4824 y(3.5.8)93 b(Filename)31 b(Expansion)25
4683 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4684 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b Ft(24)1047
4685 4934 y(3.5.8.1)93 b(P)m(attern)31 b(Matc)m(hing)20 b
4686 Fm(.)d(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4687 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49 b Ft(25)748 5044 y(3.5.9)93 b(Quote)30
4688 b(Remo)m(v)-5 b(al)15 b Fm(.)i(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4689 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4690 g(.)g(.)g(.)44 b Ft(26)449 5153 y(3.6)92 b(Redirections)24
4691 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4692 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4693 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)53 b Ft(26)748 5263
4694 y(3.6.1)93 b(Redirecting)31 b(Input)11 b Fm(.)j(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4695 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4696 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)40 b Ft(27)p eop end
4697 %%Page: -2 4
4698 TeXDict begin -2 3 bop 150 -116 a Ft(ii)2612 b(Bash)31
4699 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)748 83 y(3.6.2)93 b(Redirecting)31
4700 b(Output)18 b Fm(.)13 b(.)i(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4701 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)47
4702 b Ft(27)748 193 y(3.6.3)93 b(App)s(ending)28 b(Redirected)j(Output)16
4703 b Fm(.)e(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4704 g(.)45 b Ft(27)748 302 y(3.6.4)93 b(Redirecting)31 b(Standard)e(Output)
4705 g(and)h(Standard)f(Error)954 412 y Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4706 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4707 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4708 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54 b Ft(28)748 521 y(3.6.5)93 b(App)s(ending)28
4709 b(Standard)h(Output)h(and)f(Standard)h(Error)954 631
4710 y Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4711 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4712 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54
4713 b Ft(28)748 741 y(3.6.6)93 b(Here)30 b(Do)s(cumen)m(ts)13
4714 b Fm(.)k(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4715 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43
4716 b Ft(28)748 850 y(3.6.7)93 b(Here)30 b(Strings)10 b Fm(.)15
4717 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4718 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)39
4719 b Ft(29)748 960 y(3.6.8)93 b(Duplicating)31 b(File)h(Descriptors)17
4720 b Fm(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4721 g(.)g(.)g(.)47 b Ft(29)748 1069 y(3.6.9)93 b(Mo)m(ving)31
4722 b(File)h(Descriptors)15 b Fm(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4723 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)44
4724 b Ft(29)748 1179 y(3.6.10)93 b(Op)s(ening)29 b(File)j(Descriptors)f
4725 (for)f(Reading)h(and)e(W)-8 b(riting)954 1289 y Fm(.)16
4726 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4727 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
4728 f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54 b
4729 Ft(29)449 1398 y(3.7)92 b(Executing)31 b(Commands)25
4730 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4731 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4732 56 b Ft(30)748 1508 y(3.7.1)93 b(Simple)30 b(Command)f(Expansion)c
4733 Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4734 (.)g(.)g(.)55 b Ft(30)748 1617 y(3.7.2)93 b(Command)29
4735 b(Searc)m(h)i(and)e(Execution)13 b Fm(.)j(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4736 (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)42 b Ft(30)748 1727 y(3.7.3)93
4737 b(Command)29 b(Execution)i(En)m(vironmen)m(t)18 b Fm(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4738 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)47 b Ft(31)748 1836
4739 y(3.7.4)93 b(En)m(vironmen)m(t)21 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4740 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4741 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)50 b Ft(32)748 1946
4742 y(3.7.5)93 b(Exit)30 b(Status)8 b Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4743 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4744 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Ft(32)748
4745 2056 y(3.7.6)93 b(Signals)10 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4746 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4747 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)39
4748 b Ft(33)449 2165 y(3.8)92 b(Shell)30 b(Scripts)21 b Fm(.)15
4749 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g
4750 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4751 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51 b Ft(34)150 2408 y Fr(4)135
4752 b(Shell)45 b(Builtin)g(Commands)38 b Fn(.)19 b(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
4753 (.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)82 b Fr(35)449
4754 2545 y Ft(4.1)92 b(Bourne)30 b(Shell)g(Builtins)16 b
4755 Fm(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4756 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4757 45 b Ft(35)449 2654 y(4.2)92 b(Bash)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)17
4758 b Fm(.)d(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
4759 f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)46
4760 b Ft(41)449 2764 y(4.3)92 b(Mo)s(difying)30 b(Shell)h(Beha)m(vior)23
4761 b Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4762 (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)52
4763 b Ft(50)748 2873 y(4.3.1)93 b(The)29 b(Set)i(Builtin)11
4764 b Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4765 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40
4766 b Ft(50)748 2983 y(4.3.2)93 b(The)29 b(Shopt)h(Builtin)23
4767 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4768 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)52
4769 b Ft(54)449 3093 y(4.4)92 b(Sp)s(ecial)31 b(Builtins)22
4770 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4771 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4772 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)52 b Ft(58)150 3335 y Fr(5)135
4773 b(Shell)45 b(V)-11 b(ariables)10 b Fn(.)21 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
4774 h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
4775 (.)h(.)f(.)55 b Fr(61)449 3472 y Ft(5.1)92 b(Bourne)30
4776 b(Shell)g(V)-8 b(ariables)11 b Fm(.)17 b(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4777 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
4778 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40 b Ft(61)449 3582 y(5.2)92
4779 b(Bash)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)17 b Fm(.)g(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4780 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4781 h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)46
4782 b Ft(61)150 3824 y Fr(6)135 b(Bash)44 b(F)-11 b(eatures)31
4783 b Fn(.)20 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f
4784 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)75 b Fr(71)449
4785 3961 y Ft(6.1)92 b(In)m(v)m(oking)31 b(Bash)e Fm(.)15
4786 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h
4787 (.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4788 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)58 b Ft(71)449 4071 y(6.2)92 b(Bash)30
4789 b(Startup)g(Files)c Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4790 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4791 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b Ft(73)449 4180 y(6.3)92
4792 b(In)m(teractiv)m(e)33 b(Shells)14 b Fm(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4793 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4794 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)43
4795 b Ft(75)748 4290 y(6.3.1)93 b(What)31 b(is)f(an)g(In)m(teractiv)m(e)j
4796 (Shell?)20 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4797 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)49 b Ft(75)748 4399 y(6.3.2)93
4798 b(Is)30 b(this)g(Shell)g(In)m(teractiv)m(e?)10 b Fm(.)18
4799 b(.)d(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4800 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40 b Ft(75)748 4509 y(6.3.3)93
4801 b(In)m(teractiv)m(e)32 b(Shell)f(Beha)m(vior)22 b Fm(.)16
4802 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4803 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)51 b Ft(75)449 4619 y(6.4)92 b(Bash)30
4804 b(Conditional)h(Expressions)20 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4805 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
4806 f(.)49 b Ft(76)449 4728 y(6.5)92 b(Shell)30 b(Arithmetic)f
4807 Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4808 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4809 g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)57 b Ft(78)449 4838 y(6.6)92 b(Aliases)25
4810 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4811 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4812 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)53
4813 b Ft(79)449 4947 y(6.7)92 b(Arra)m(ys)29 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4814 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4815 (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4816 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)58 b Ft(80)449 5057 y(6.8)92
4817 b(The)30 b(Directory)i(Stac)m(k)15 b Fm(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4818 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
4819 f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)44 b Ft(81)748
4820 5166 y(6.8.1)93 b(Directory)31 b(Stac)m(k)h(Builtins)10
4821 b Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4822 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40 b Ft(82)449 5276 y(6.9)92
4823 b(Con)m(trolling)31 b(the)g(Prompt)15 b Fm(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4824 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4825 g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)44 b Ft(83)p eop end
4826 %%Page: -3 5
4827 TeXDict begin -3 4 bop 3674 -116 a Ft(iii)449 83 y(6.10)92
4828 b(The)30 b(Restricted)i(Shell)11 b Fm(.)k(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4829 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4830 g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)40 b Ft(84)449 193
4831 y(6.11)92 b(Bash)31 b(POSIX)e(Mo)s(de)16 b Fm(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4832 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4833 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)45 b
4834 Ft(85)150 435 y Fr(7)135 b(Job)45 b(Con)l(trol)32 b Fn(.)20
4835 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
4836 (.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)76 b Fr(89)449
4837 572 y Ft(7.1)92 b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)h(Basics)23 b Fm(.)16
4838 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4839 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4840 g(.)52 b Ft(89)449 682 y(7.2)92 b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)h(Builtins)12
4841 b Fm(.)j(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
4842 f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4843 (.)g(.)41 b Ft(90)449 791 y(7.3)92 b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)h(V)-8
4844 b(ariables)30 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4845 (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4846 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)58 b Ft(92)150 1034 y Fr(8)135 b(Command)45
4847 b(Line)g(Editing)38 b Fn(.)19 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g
4848 (.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)81 b Fr(93)449 1171 y
4849 Ft(8.1)92 b(In)m(tro)s(duction)30 b(to)h(Line)f(Editing)24
4850 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4851 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)53 b Ft(93)449
4852 1280 y(8.2)92 b(Readline)31 b(In)m(teraction)15 b Fm(.)i(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)
4853 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4854 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)44
4855 b Ft(93)748 1390 y(8.2.1)93 b(Readline)31 b(Bare)g(Essen)m(tials)25
4856 b Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4857 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54 b Ft(93)748 1499 y(8.2.2)93
4858 b(Readline)31 b(Mo)m(v)m(emen)m(t)h(Commands)13 b Fm(.)h(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)
4859 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)42 b
4860 Ft(94)748 1609 y(8.2.3)93 b(Readline)31 b(Killing)g(Commands)20
4861 b Fm(.)14 b(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4862 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)50 b Ft(94)748 1719 y(8.2.4)93 b(Readline)31
4863 b(Argumen)m(ts)23 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g
4864 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)53
4865 b Ft(95)748 1828 y(8.2.5)93 b(Searc)m(hing)30 b(for)h(Commands)e(in)h
4866 (the)g(History)c Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)54
4867 b Ft(95)449 1938 y(8.3)92 b(Readline)31 b(Init)f(File)f
4868 Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4869 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
4870 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)56 b Ft(96)748 2047 y(8.3.1)93 b(Readline)31
4871 b(Init)f(File)h(Syn)m(tax)12 b Fm(.)k(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4872 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)41
4873 b Ft(96)748 2157 y(8.3.2)93 b(Conditional)30 b(Init)h(Constructs)d
4874 Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4875 (.)g(.)g(.)58 b Ft(102)748 2266 y(8.3.3)93 b(Sample)30
4876 b(Init)g(File)20 b Fm(.)c(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4877 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4878 50 b Ft(103)449 2376 y(8.4)92 b(Bindable)31 b(Readline)g(Commands)11
4879 b Fm(.)j(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4880 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)41 b Ft(106)748 2486
4881 y(8.4.1)93 b(Commands)29 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(Mo)m(ving)c
4882 Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4883 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b Ft(106)748 2595 y(8.4.2)93
4884 b(Commands)29 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(Manipulating)g(The)f(History)17
4885 b Fm(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b Ft(107)748 2705 y(8.4.3)93
4886 b(Commands)29 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(Changing)f(T)-8 b(ext)29
4887 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4888 58 b Ft(108)748 2814 y(8.4.4)93 b(Killing)31 b(And)e(Y)-8
4889 b(anking)16 b Fm(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4890 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)46 b
4891 Ft(109)748 2924 y(8.4.5)93 b(Sp)s(ecifying)29 b(Numeric)i(Argumen)m(ts)
4892 23 b Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4893 (.)53 b Ft(110)748 3034 y(8.4.6)93 b(Letting)31 b(Readline)g(T)m(yp)s
4894 (e)f(F)-8 b(or)31 b(Y)-8 b(ou)18 b Fm(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4895 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)48 b Ft(110)748 3143 y(8.4.7)93
4896 b(Keyb)s(oard)29 b(Macros)10 b Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
4897 f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4898 (.)g(.)g(.)40 b Ft(112)748 3253 y(8.4.8)93 b(Some)30
4899 b(Miscellaneous)i(Commands)12 b Fm(.)i(.)h(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4900 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)42 b Ft(112)449 3362 y(8.5)92
4901 b(Readline)31 b(vi)f(Mo)s(de)c Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4902 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4903 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)55 b Ft(114)449
4904 3472 y(8.6)92 b(Programmable)31 b(Completion)12 b Fm(.)j(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4905 g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
4906 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)41 b Ft(115)449 3582 y(8.7)92
4907 b(Programmable)31 b(Completion)g(Builtins)12 b Fm(.)j(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
4908 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)42
4909 b Ft(116)150 3824 y Fr(9)135 b(Using)45 b(History)h(In)l(teractiv)l
4910 (ely)14 b Fn(.)22 b(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
4911 (.)58 b Fr(121)449 3961 y Ft(9.1)92 b(Bash)30 b(History)h(F)-8
4912 b(acilities)11 b Fm(.)19 b(.)c(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4913 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4914 g(.)g(.)g(.)41 b Ft(121)449 4071 y(9.2)92 b(Bash)30 b(History)h
4915 (Builtins)9 b Fm(.)16 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4916 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
4917 g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Ft(121)449 4180 y(9.3)92 b(History)31
4918 b(Expansion)d Fm(.)15 b(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g
4919 (.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)g(.)
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4969 b(F)-11 b(ree)44 b(Do)t(cumen)l(tation)j(License)454
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4990 (.)38 b Ft(156)p eop end
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4993 b(In)m(tro)s(duction)2592 b(1)150 299 y Fo(1)80 b(In)l(tro)t(duction)
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4999 (Bourne,)h(the)g(author)150 1142 y(of)f(the)f(direct)h(ancestor)h(of)e
5000 (the)h(curren)m(t)f(Unix)g(shell)h Fs(sh)p Ft(,)f(whic)m(h)g(app)s
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5003 1391 y(Bash)f(is)g(largely)i(compatible)f(with)f Fs(sh)g
5004 Ft(and)g(incorp)s(orates)g(useful)g(features)g(from)g(the)g(Korn)g
5005 (shell)150 1500 y Fs(ksh)37 b Ft(and)h(the)g(C)g(shell)g
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5009 (the)h Fl(ieee)f(posix)f Ft(sp)s(eci\014cation)j(\()p
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5011 b(functional)f(impro)m(v)m(emen)m(ts)i(o)m(v)m(er)g Fs(sh)d
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5013 1858 y(While)h(the)g Fl(gnu)f Ft(op)s(erating)h(system)g(pro)m(vides)f
5014 (other)h(shells,)g(including)f(a)h(v)m(ersion)g(of)g
5015 Fs(csh)p Ft(,)f(Bash)150 1968 y(is)j(the)h(default)f(shell.)49
5016 b(Lik)m(e)34 b(other)g Fl(gnu)f Ft(soft)m(w)m(are,)i(Bash)f(is)f(quite)
5017 h(p)s(ortable.)49 b(It)33 b(curren)m(tly)g(runs)f(on)150
5018 2077 y(nearly)c(ev)m(ery)g(v)m(ersion)g(of)f(Unix)h(and)e(a)i(few)f
5019 (other)h(op)s(erating)g(systems)f Fp(\000)g Ft(indep)s(enden)m
5020 (tly-supp)s(orted)150 2187 y(p)s(orts)j(exist)h(for)f
5021 Fl(ms-dos)p Ft(,)f Fl(os/2)p Ft(,)i(and)f(Windo)m(ws)g(platforms.)150
5022 2455 y Fr(1.2)68 b(What)45 b(is)g(a)h(shell?)275 2703
5023 y Ft(A)m(t)41 b(its)f(base,)j(a)e(shell)f(is)g(simply)g(a)h(macro)f
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5025 b(term)150 2813 y(macro)29 b(pro)s(cessor)f(means)g(functionalit)m(y)i
5026 (where)e(text)i(and)e(sym)m(b)s(ols)g(are)g(expanded)g(to)h(create)h
5027 (larger)150 2922 y(expressions.)275 3061 y(A)k(Unix)h(shell)g(is)f(b)s
5028 (oth)g(a)h(command)g(in)m(terpreter)g(and)f(a)h(programming)f
5029 (language.)55 b(As)35 b(a)g(com-)150 3170 y(mand)30 b(in)m(terpreter,)i
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5031 (ric)m(h)h(set)g(of)f Fl(gnu)g Ft(utilities.)44 b(The)150
5032 3280 y(programming)30 b(language)h(features)f(allo)m(w)h(these)g
5033 (utilities)g(to)g(b)s(e)e(com)m(bined.)41 b(Files)31
5034 b(con)m(taining)g(com-)150 3390 y(mands)e(can)i(b)s(e)e(created,)j(and)
5035 d(b)s(ecome)i(commands)f(themselv)m(es.)42 b(These)30
5036 b(new)f(commands)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)150 3499 y(same)f(status)h(as)f
5037 (system)g(commands)g(in)g(directories)h(suc)m(h)f(as)g(`)p
5038 Fs(/bin)p Ft(',)g(allo)m(wing)i(users)d(or)h(groups)f(to)150
5039 3609 y(establish)h(custom)f(en)m(vironmen)m(ts)h(to)g(automate)h(their)
5040 f(common)f(tasks.)275 3748 y(Shells)j(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(used)g(in)m
5041 (teractiv)m(ely)k(or)d(non-in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)54
5042 b(In)33 b(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(mo)s(de,)f(they)e(accept)150
5043 3857 y(input)21 b(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(from)g(the)h(k)m(eyb)s(oard.)37
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5046 275 4105 y(A)41 b(shell)g(allo)m(ws)h(execution)h(of)e
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5048 (hronously)-8 b(.)150 4215 y(The)29 b(shell)g(w)m(aits)i(for)e(sync)m
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5054 g(con)m(trol)i(of)f(the)g(input)150 4544 y(and)40 b(output)f(of)i
5055 (those)f(commands.)70 b(Moreo)m(v)m(er,)45 b(the)c(shell)f(allo)m(ws)h
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5057 4653 y(commands')30 b(en)m(vironmen)m(ts.)275 4792 y(Shells)k(also)i
5058 (pro)m(vide)g(a)f(small)h(set)f(of)g(built-in)g(commands)g(\()p
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5060 4902 y(alit)m(y)i(imp)s(ossible)e(or)g(incon)m(v)m(enien)m(t)j(to)e
5061 (obtain)g(via)g(separate)g(utilities.)61 b(F)-8 b(or)37
5062 b(example,)i Fs(cd)p Ft(,)e Fs(break)p Ft(,)150 5011
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5067 Ft(,)h(or)g Fs(pwd)f Ft(builtins,)h(among)h(others,)150
5068 5230 y(could)33 b(b)s(e)f(implemen)m(ted)h(in)g(separate)g(utilities,)i
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5070 (builtin)150 5340 y(commands.)40 b(All)31 b(of)g(the)f(shell)h
5071 (builtins)f(are)h(describ)s(ed)e(in)h(subsequen)m(t)g(sections.)p
5072 eop end
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5075 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)275 299 y(While)39 b(executing)h(commands)e(is)
5076 g(essen)m(tial,)43 b(most)c(of)g(the)g(p)s(o)m(w)m(er)f(\(and)g
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5078 m(b)s(edded)f(programming)h(languages.)52 b(Lik)m(e)35
5079 b(an)m(y)f(high-lev)m(el)i(language,)h(the)d(shell)150
5080 518 y(pro)m(vides)c(v)-5 b(ariables,)32 b(\015o)m(w)e(con)m(trol)i
5081 (constructs,)f(quoting,)g(and)f(functions.)275 653 y(Shells)21
5082 b(o\013er)i(features)f(geared)h(sp)s(eci\014cally)g(for)f(in)m
5083 (teractiv)m(e)j(use)d(rather)g(than)g(to)h(augmen)m(t)g(the)f(pro-)150
5084 762 y(gramming)32 b(language.)48 b(These)32 b(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j
5085 (features)d(include)g(job)g(con)m(trol,)j(command)c(line)i(editing,)150
5086 872 y(command)d(history)g(and)g(aliases.)42 b(Eac)m(h)31
5087 b(of)g(these)g(features)f(is)h(describ)s(ed)e(in)h(this)g(man)m(ual.)p
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5091 b(De\014nitions)2662 b(3)150 299 y Fo(2)80 b(De\014nitions)275
5092 552 y Ft(These)30 b(de\014nitions)g(are)g(used)g(throughout)g(the)g
5093 (remainder)g(of)h(this)f(man)m(ual.)150 720 y Fs(POSIX)240
5094 b Ft(A)27 b(family)g(of)g(op)s(en)f(system)g(standards)g(based)g(on)h
5095 (Unix.)39 b(Bash)27 b(is)g(primarily)f(concerned)630
5096 830 y(with)k(the)h(Shell)f(and)g(Utilities)i(p)s(ortion)e(of)h(the)f
5097 Fl(posix)g Ft(1003.1)j(standard.)150 995 y Fs(blank)240
5098 b Ft(A)30 b(space)h(or)g(tab)f(c)m(haracter.)150 1161
5099 y Fs(builtin)144 b Ft(A)35 b(command)g(that)g(is)g(implemen)m(ted)g(in)
5100 m(ternally)h(b)m(y)f(the)g(shell)g(itself,)i(rather)d(than)h(b)m(y)630
5101 1271 y(an)30 b(executable)i(program)e(somewhere)h(in)f(the)g(\014le)h
5102 (system.)150 1436 y Fs(control)d(operator)630 1546 y
5103 Ft(A)20 b Fs(token)f Ft(that)i(p)s(erforms)e(a)i(con)m(trol)g
5104 (function.)37 b(It)21 b(is)f(a)h Fs(newline)d Ft(or)j(one)f(of)h(the)f
5105 (follo)m(wing:)630 1655 y(`)p Fs(||)p Ft(',)31 b(`)p
5106 Fs(&&)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(;)p Ft(',)g(`)p
5107 Fs(;;)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(|)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(|&)p Ft(',)f(`)p
5108 Fs(\()p Ft(',)h(or)g(`)p Fs(\))p Ft('.)150 1821 y Fs(exit)e(status)630
5109 1931 y Ft(The)f(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(returned)e(b)m(y)h(a)h(command)f(to)h
5110 (its)g(caller.)41 b(The)28 b(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(is)f(restricted)h(to)h
5111 (eigh)m(t)630 2040 y(bits,)h(so)f(the)h(maxim)m(um)f(v)-5
5112 b(alue)31 b(is)f(255.)150 2206 y Fs(field)240 b Ft(A)27
5113 b(unit)g(of)g(text)h(that)g(is)f(the)g(result)g(of)g(one)h(of)f(the)g
5114 (shell)g(expansions.)40 b(After)27 b(expansion,)630 2315
5115 y(when)e(executing)h(a)g(command,)h(the)f(resulting)f(\014elds)g(are)h
5116 (used)f(as)h(the)g(command)f(name)630 2425 y(and)30 b(argumen)m(ts.)150
5117 2591 y Fs(filename)96 b Ft(A)30 b(string)h(of)f(c)m(haracters)i(used)e
5118 (to)h(iden)m(tify)g(a)f(\014le.)150 2756 y Fs(job)336
5119 b Ft(A)31 b(set)h(of)f(pro)s(cesses)g(comprising)g(a)g(pip)s(eline,)g
5120 (and)g(an)m(y)g(pro)s(cesses)g(descended)g(from)f(it,)630
5121 2866 y(that)h(are)g(all)g(in)f(the)h(same)f(pro)s(cess)g(group.)150
5122 3031 y Fs(job)f(control)630 3141 y Ft(A)22 b(mec)m(hanism)g(b)m(y)f
5123 (whic)m(h)h(users)f(can)h(selectiv)m(ely)i(stop)e(\(susp)s(end\))e(and)
5124 h(restart)i(\(resume\))630 3251 y(execution)32 b(of)e(pro)s(cesses.)150
5125 3416 y Fs(metacharacter)630 3526 y Ft(A)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(that,)g
5126 (when)d(unquoted,)i(separates)g(w)m(ords.)38 b(A)26 b(metac)m(haracter)
5127 i(is)d(a)g Fs(blank)630 3635 y Ft(or)30 b(one)h(of)g(the)f(follo)m
5128 (wing)i(c)m(haracters:)42 b(`)p Fs(|)p Ft(',)31 b(`)p
5129 Fs(&)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(;)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(\()p Ft(',)f(`)p
5130 Fs(\))p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(<)p Ft(',)g(or)f(`)p Fs(>)p Ft('.)150
5131 3801 y Fs(name)288 b Ft(A)37 b Fs(word)f Ft(consisting)i(solely)h(of)e
5132 (letters,)j(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers,)e(and)f(underscores,)h(and)f(b)s
5133 (eginning)630 3910 y(with)23 b(a)g(letter)h(or)f(underscore.)38
5134 b Fs(Name)p Ft(s)22 b(are)h(used)f(as)i(shell)f(v)-5
5135 b(ariable)24 b(and)e(function)h(names.)630 4020 y(Also)31
5136 b(referred)f(to)h(as)f(an)h Fs(identifier)p Ft(.)150
5137 4186 y Fs(operator)96 b Ft(A)38 b Fs(control)28 b(operator)36
5138 b Ft(or)h(a)i Fs(redirection)27 b(operator)p Ft(.)61
5139 b(See)38 b(Section)g(3.6)h([Redirec-)630 4295 y(tions],)f(page)f(26,)i
5140 (for)d(a)g(list)h(of)f(redirection)h(op)s(erators.)58
5141 b(Op)s(erators)35 b(con)m(tain)j(at)f(least)630 4405
5142 y(one)31 b(unquoted)e Fs(metacharacter)p Ft(.)150 4570
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5144 s(cesses)g(eac)m(h)g(ha)m(ving)g(the)g(same)f(pro)s(cess)g(group)g
5145 Fl(id)p Ft(.)150 4846 y Fs(process)e(group)h(ID)630 4955
5146 y Ft(A)h(unique)g(iden)m(ti\014er)h(that)f(represen)m(ts)h(a)g
5147 Fs(process)d(group)h Ft(during)g(its)i(lifetime.)150
5148 5121 y Fs(reserved)d(word)630 5230 y Ft(A)h Fs(word)e
5149 Ft(that)i(has)f(a)h(sp)s(ecial)g(meaning)f(to)h(the)g(shell.)40
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5151 5340 y(shell)j(\015o)m(w)f(con)m(trol)i(constructs,)f(suc)m(h)f(as)g
5152 Fs(for)g Ft(and)g Fs(while)p Ft(.)p eop end
5153 %%Page: 4 10
5154 TeXDict begin 4 9 bop 150 -116 a Ft(4)2617 b(Bash)31
5155 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(return)e(status)630
5156 408 y Ft(A)h(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Fs(exit)g(status)p Ft(.)150
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5159 (of)g(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)630 677 y(o)s(ccurring)30 b(in)g(the)h(system.)
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5162 (y)f(the)h Fl(posix)f Ft(stan-)630 1056 y(dard.)150 1215
5163 y Fs(token)240 b Ft(A)38 b(sequence)h(of)f(c)m(haracters)h(considered)f
5164 (a)h(single)g(unit)e(b)m(y)h(the)h(shell.)64 b(It)38
5165 b(is)g(either)h(a)630 1325 y Fs(word)29 b Ft(or)i(an)f
5166 Fs(operator)p Ft(.)150 1484 y Fs(word)288 b Ft(A)28 b(sequence)g(of)g
5167 (c)m(haracters)h(treated)g(as)f(a)g(unit)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(shell.)40
5168 b(W)-8 b(ords)28 b(ma)m(y)g(not)g(include)630 1594 y(unquoted)i
5169 Fs(metacharacters)p Ft(.)p eop end
5170 %%Page: 5 11
5171 TeXDict begin 5 10 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
5172 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2292 b(5)150 299
5173 y Fo(3)80 b(Basic)54 b(Shell)e(F)-13 b(eatures)275 544
5174 y Ft(Bash)27 b(is)g(an)g(acron)m(ym)h(for)f(`)p Fs(Bourne-Again)g
5175 (SHell)p Ft('.)39 b(The)26 b(Bourne)h(shell)h(is)f(the)g(traditional)i
5176 (Unix)150 653 y(shell)34 b(originally)h(written)e(b)m(y)g(Stephen)g
5177 (Bourne.)50 b(All)34 b(of)g(the)f(Bourne)h(shell)f(builtin)g(commands)h
5178 (are)150 763 y(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)32 b(in)c(Bash,)i(The)f(rules)g(for)g
5179 (ev)-5 b(aluation)31 b(and)d(quoting)i(are)f(tak)m(en)i(from)d(the)i
5180 Fl(posix)e Ft(sp)s(eci\014ca-)150 872 y(tion)j(for)f(the)h(`standard')f
5181 (Unix)g(shell.)275 1010 y(This)h(c)m(hapter)i(brie\015y)e(summarizes)h
5182 (the)h(shell's)f(`building)g(blo)s(c)m(ks':)45 b(commands,)32
5183 b(con)m(trol)i(struc-)150 1120 y(tures,)k(shell)e(functions,)h(shell)g
5184 Fm(p)-5 b(ar)g(ameters)p Ft(,)41 b(shell)36 b(expansions,)i
5185 Fm(r)-5 b(e)g(dir)g(e)g(ctions)p Ft(,)40 b(whic)m(h)c(are)h(a)f(w)m(a)m
5186 (y)h(to)150 1230 y(direct)31 b(input)e(and)h(output)g(from)g(and)g(to)h
5187 (named)f(\014les,)g(and)g(ho)m(w)g(the)h(shell)g(executes)g(commands.)
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5189 y Ft(When)32 b(the)h(shell)g(reads)g(input,)g(it)g(pro)s(ceeds)f
5190 (through)h(a)g(sequence)g(of)g(op)s(erations.)48 b(If)33
5191 b(the)g(input)150 1853 y(indicates)e(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(of)h(a)g
5192 (commen)m(t,)h(the)f(shell)g(ignores)g(the)g(commen)m(t)h(sym)m(b)s(ol)
5193 f(\(`)p Fs(#)p Ft('\),)h(and)e(the)150 1963 y(rest)i(of)f(that)h(line.)
5194 275 2101 y(Otherwise,)h(roughly)f(sp)s(eaking,)i(the)f(shell)g(reads)g
5195 (its)g(input)f(and)h(divides)f(the)i(input)e(in)m(to)h(w)m(ords)150
5196 2210 y(and)23 b(op)s(erators,)j(emplo)m(ying)e(the)g(quoting)h(rules)e
5197 (to)h(select)i(whic)m(h)d(meanings)h(to)h(assign)f(v)-5
5198 b(arious)23 b(w)m(ords)150 2320 y(and)30 b(c)m(haracters.)275
5199 2458 y(The)38 b(shell)h(then)f(parses)g(these)h(tok)m(ens)h(in)m(to)f
5200 (commands)g(and)f(other)h(constructs,)i(remo)m(v)m(es)f(the)150
5201 2568 y(sp)s(ecial)31 b(meaning)f(of)g(certain)h(w)m(ords)f(or)g(c)m
5202 (haracters,)i(expands)d(others,)h(redirects)h(input)e(and)g(output)150
5203 2677 y(as)d(needed,)g(executes)g(the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(command,)j(w)m
5204 (aits)f(for)f(the)g(command's)g(exit)i(status,)f(and)f(mak)m(es)150
5205 2787 y(that)31 b(exit)g(status)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33
5206 b(for)d(further)f(insp)s(ection)h(or)h(pro)s(cessing.)150
5207 3018 y Fk(3.1.1)63 b(Shell)41 b(Op)s(eration)275 3266
5208 y Ft(The)28 b(follo)m(wing)i(is)f(a)g(brief)f(description)h(of)g(the)g
5209 (shell's)g(op)s(eration)h(when)d(it)j(reads)e(and)g(executes)j(a)150
5210 3375 y(command.)40 b(Basically)-8 b(,)34 b(the)c(shell)h(do)s(es)f(the)
5211 h(follo)m(wing:)199 3513 y(1.)61 b(Reads)42 b(its)h(input)e(from)h(a)g
5212 (\014le)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.8)g([Shell)f(Scripts],)j(page)e(34\),)k
5213 (from)41 b(a)i(string)330 3623 y(supplied)26 b(as)i(an)f(argumen)m(t)g
5214 (to)h(the)g(`)p Fs(-c)p Ft(')f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)i(option)f(\(see)g
5215 (Section)h(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)330 3732 y(page)j(71\),)h(or)
5216 e(from)g(the)h(user's)f(terminal.)199 3869 y(2.)61 b(Breaks)43
5217 b(the)g(input)f(in)m(to)h(w)m(ords)f(and)g(op)s(erators,)k(ob)s(eying)d
5218 (the)g(quoting)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)f(in)330 3978 y(Section)27
5219 b(3.1.2)i([Quoting],)f(page)f(6.)40 b(These)26 b(tok)m(ens)i(are)f
5220 (separated)g(b)m(y)f Fs(metacharacters)p Ft(.)36 b(Alias)330
5221 4088 y(expansion)30 b(is)h(p)s(erformed)d(b)m(y)j(this)f(step)g(\(see)i
5222 (Section)f(6.6)g([Aliases],)i(page)e(79\).)199 4224 y(3.)61
5223 b(P)m(arses)35 b(the)g(tok)m(ens)g(in)m(to)h(simple)e(and)g(comp)s
5224 (ound)f(commands)h(\(see)h(Section)h(3.2)f([Shell)g(Com-)330
5225 4334 y(mands],)30 b(page)h(8\).)199 4470 y(4.)61 b(P)m(erforms)40
5226 b(the)h(v)-5 b(arious)40 b(shell)h(expansions)f(\(see)h(Section)g(3.5)g
5227 ([Shell)g(Expansions],)h(page)f(17\),)330 4580 y(breaking)35
5228 b(the)g(expanded)g(tok)m(ens)h(in)m(to)g(lists)f(of)g(\014lenames)h
5229 (\(see)g(Section)f(3.5.8)i([Filename)g(Ex-)330 4689 y(pansion],)30
5230 b(page)h(24\))h(and)e(commands)g(and)g(argumen)m(ts.)199
5231 4826 y(5.)61 b(P)m(erforms)36 b(an)m(y)i(necessary)f(redirections)g
5232 (\(see)h(Section)f(3.6)h([Redirections],)i(page)e(26\))g(and)e(re-)330
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5236 ([Executing)f(Commands],)f(page)h(30\).)199 5208 y(7.)61
5237 b(Optionally)40 b(w)m(aits)g(for)f(the)g(command)g(to)h(complete)g(and)
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5239 y(tion)31 b(3.7.5)h([Exit)f(Status],)g(page)g(33\).)p
5240 eop end
5241 %%Page: 6 12
5242 TeXDict begin 6 11 bop 150 -116 a Ft(6)2617 b(Bash)31
5243 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fk(3.1.2)63 b(Quoting)275
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5245 g(meaning)g(of)g(certain)h(c)m(haracters)h(or)d(w)m(ords)h(to)g(the)g
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5248 (en)m(t)g(reserv)m(ed)150 757 y(w)m(ords)i(from)g(b)s(eing)g
5249 (recognized)h(as)g(suc)m(h,)f(and)g(to)h(prev)m(en)m(t)g(parameter)g
5250 (expansion.)275 886 y(Eac)m(h)22 b(of)g(the)g(shell)g(metac)m
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5253 (b)s(e)g(quoted)g(if)h(it)g(is)f(to)h(represen)m(t)g(itself.)68
5254 b(When)39 b(the)h(command)f(history)150 1105 y(expansion)i(facilities)j
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5256 (teraction],)j(page)c(123\),)47 b(the)150 1214 y Fq(history)30
5257 b(expansion)h Ft(c)m(haracter,)h(usually)f(`)p Fs(!)p
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5259 (expansion.)41 b(See)150 1324 y(Section)22 b(9.1)g([Bash)f(History)h(F)
5260 -8 b(acilities],)26 b(page)c(121,)j(for)20 b(more)h(details)h
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5262 b(are)h(three)f(quoting)h(mec)m(hanisms:)56 b(the)38
5263 b Fq(escap)s(e)g(c)m(haracter)p Ft(,)j(single)d(quotes,)i(and)d(double)
5264 150 1563 y(quotes.)150 1770 y Fk(3.1.2.1)63 b(Escap)s(e)41
5265 b(Character)275 2009 y Ft(A)27 b(non-quoted)g(bac)m(kslash)h(`)p
5266 Fs(\\)p Ft(')f(is)g(the)h(Bash)f(escap)s(e)g(c)m(haracter.)42
5267 b(It)27 b(preserv)m(es)g(the)g(literal)i(v)-5 b(alue)28
5268 b(of)150 2119 y(the)f(next)g(c)m(haracter)h(that)f(follo)m(ws,)i(with)d
5269 (the)h(exception)g(of)g Fs(newline)p Ft(.)38 b(If)26
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5271 (kslash)g(itself)g(is)g(not)g(quoted,)g(the)f Fs(\\newline)f
5272 Ft(is)h(treated)i(as)f(a)g(line)g(con)m(tin)m(uation)h(\(that)150
5273 2338 y(is,)f(it)g(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from)f(the)h(input)e(stream)i
5274 (and)f(e\013ectiv)m(ely)j(ignored\).)150 2545 y Fk(3.1.2.2)63
5275 b(Single)42 b(Quotes)275 2784 y Ft(Enclosing)36 b(c)m(haracters)i(in)d
5276 (single)i(quotes)g(\(`)p Fs(')p Ft('\))f(preserv)m(es)h(the)f(literal)h
5277 (v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)f(eac)m(h)h(c)m(haracter)150 2894
5278 y(within)24 b(the)h(quotes.)39 b(A)25 b(single)h(quote)f(ma)m(y)g(not)g
5279 (o)s(ccur)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(single)h(quotes,)g(ev)m(en)g(when)d
5280 (preceded)150 3003 y(b)m(y)30 b(a)h(bac)m(kslash.)150
5281 3211 y Fk(3.1.2.3)63 b(Double)42 b(Quotes)275 3450 y
5282 Ft(Enclosing)36 b(c)m(haracters)i(in)e(double)g(quotes)h(\(`)p
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5293 (wing)i(c)m(haracters:)58 b(`)p Fs($)p Ft(',)41 b(`)p
5294 Fs(`)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(")p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(\\)p Ft(',)g(or)d
5295 Fs(newline)p Ft(.)63 b(Within)38 b(double)150 3998 y(quotes,)c(bac)m
5296 (kslashes)g(that)f(are)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(one)g(of)f(these)h(c)
5297 m(haracters)i(are)e(remo)m(v)m(ed.)48 b(Bac)m(kslashes)150
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5299 (meaning)h(are)f(left)h(unmo)s(di\014ed.)37 b(A)25 b(double)f(quote)i
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5304 g(quotes)h(is)f(escap)s(ed)g(using)g(a)h(bac)m(kslash.)150
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5306 Fs(!)p Ft(')f(is)h(not)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)275 4565 y(The)41
5307 b(sp)s(ecial)h(parameters)f(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')h(and)f(`)p
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5312 Fs($')p Fj(string)11 b Fs(')31 b Ft(are)j(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8
5313 b(.)52 b(The)33 b(w)m(ord)g(expands)g(to)i Fq(string)p
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5315 (replaced)f(as)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)g(the)g(ANSI)g(C)g(standard.)79
5316 b(Bac)m(kslash)150 5340 y(escap)s(e)31 b(sequences,)g(if)f(presen)m(t,)
5317 h(are)g(deco)s(ded)f(as)g(follo)m(ws:)p eop end
5318 %%Page: 7 13
5319 TeXDict begin 7 12 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
5320 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2292 b(7)150 299
5321 y Fs(\\a)384 b Ft(alert)31 b(\(b)s(ell\))150 481 y Fs(\\b)384
5322 b Ft(bac)m(kspace)150 664 y Fs(\\e)g Ft(an)30 b(escap)s(e)h(c)m
5323 (haracter)h(\(not)f(ANSI)f(C\))150 846 y Fs(\\f)384 b
5324 Ft(form)30 b(feed)150 1029 y Fs(\\n)384 b Ft(newline)150
5325 1211 y Fs(\\r)g Ft(carriage)32 b(return)150 1394 y Fs(\\t)384
5326 b Ft(horizon)m(tal)32 b(tab)150 1576 y Fs(\\v)384 b Ft(v)m(ertical)32
5327 b(tab)150 1759 y Fs(\\\\)384 b Ft(bac)m(kslash)150 1941
5328 y Fs(\\')g Ft(single)31 b(quote)150 2124 y Fs(\\)p Fj(nnn)288
5329 b Ft(the)31 b(eigh)m(t-bit)h(c)m(haracter)g(whose)e(v)-5
5330 b(alue)31 b(is)f(the)h(o)s(ctal)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b Fq(nnn)e
5331 Ft(\(one)i(to)g(three)g(digits\))150 2306 y Fs(\\x)p
5332 Fj(HH)288 b Ft(the)36 b(eigh)m(t-bit)i(c)m(haracter)f(whose)f(v)-5
5333 b(alue)36 b(is)g(the)g(hexadecimal)h(v)-5 b(alue)36 b
5334 Fq(HH)46 b Ft(\(one)37 b(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)630 2416 y(hex)30
5335 b(digits\))150 2598 y Fs(\\c)p Fj(x)336 b Ft(a)31 b(con)m(trol-)p
5336 Fq(x)38 b Ft(c)m(haracter)150 2792 y(The)30 b(expanded)f(result)i(is)f
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5339 b(T)-10 b(ranslation)275 3330 y Ft(A)30 b(double-quoted)h(string)f
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5342 3439 y(lated)j(according)g(to)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale.)47
5343 b(If)32 b(the)g(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale)i(is)e Fs(C)g
5344 Ft(or)g Fs(POSIX)p Ft(,)f(the)h(dollar)h(sign)f(is)150
5345 3549 y(ignored.)41 b(If)30 b(the)g(string)h(is)f(translated)h(and)f
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5350 i(from)d(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)g(the)h Fs(TEXTDOMAIN)c
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5352 b(adding)g(a)g(su\016x)g(of)h(`)p Fs(.mo)p Ft('.)43 b(If)31
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5358 b(in)f(this)g(fashion:)41 b Fs(TEXTDOMAINDIR)p Ft(/)p
5359 Fs(LC_MESSAGES)p Ft(/LC)p 2528 4145 28 4 v 34 w(MESSA)m(GES/)p
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5361 4682 y Ft(In)34 b(a)j(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)h(shell,)f(or)f(an)f(in)m
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5363 150 4792 y Ft(option)41 b(to)h(the)f Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin)i(is)g
5364 (enabled)g(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The)d(Shopt)g(Builtin],)45
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5366 Fs(#)p Ft(')g(causes)g(that)g(w)m(ord)g(and)f(all)h(remaining)g(c)m
5367 (haracters)h(on)f(that)g(line)g(to)150 5011 y(b)s(e)33
5368 b(ignored.)52 b(An)33 b(in)m(teractiv)m(e)k(shell)d(without)g(the)h
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5375 eop end
5376 %%Page: 8 14
5377 TeXDict begin 8 13 bop 150 -116 a Ft(8)2617 b(Bash)31
5378 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fr(3.2)68 b(Shell)45
5379 b(Commands)275 544 y Ft(A)32 b(simple)g(shell)g(command)g(suc)m(h)g(as)
5380 h Fs(echo)c(a)h(b)g(c)i Ft(consists)g(of)h(the)f(command)g(itself)h
5381 (follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)150 654 y(argumen)m(ts,)d(separated)g(b)m(y)f
5382 (spaces.)275 790 y(More)h(complex)h(shell)f(commands)g(are)g(comp)s
5383 (osed)g(of)g(simple)g(commands)g(arranged)g(together)h(in)150
5384 899 y(a)f(v)-5 b(ariet)m(y)32 b(of)f(w)m(a)m(ys:)41 b(in)31
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5386 (b)s(ecomes)f(the)h(input)f(of)150 1009 y(a)h(second,)f(in)h(a)f(lo)s
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5393 (op)s(erators)f(\(see)h(Chap-)150 1700 y(ter)34 b(2)g([De\014nitions],)
5394 i(page)f(3\).)51 b(The)34 b(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)g(generally)i(sp)s
5395 (eci\014es)e(a)i(command)e(to)i(b)s(e)e(executed,)150
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5400 m(y)h(the)g Fl(posix)f Ft(1003.1)j Fs(waitpid)c Ft(function,)j(or)f
5401 (128)p Fs(+)p Fq(n)g Ft(if)g(the)g(command)150 2164 y(w)m(as)31
5402 b(terminated)g(b)m(y)f(signal)h Fq(n)p Ft(.)150 2391
5403 y Fk(3.2.2)63 b(Pip)s(elines)275 2636 y Ft(A)26 b Fs(pipeline)e
5404 Ft(is)i(a)h(sequence)g(of)f(simple)h(commands)e(separated)i(b)m(y)f
5405 (one)h(of)g(the)f(con)m(trol)i(op)s(erators)150 2746
5406 y(`)p Fs(|)p Ft(')j(or)f(`)p Fs(|&)p Ft('.)275 2882 y(The)f(format)i
5407 (for)f(a)h(pip)s(eline)f(is)390 3017 y Fs([time)46 b([-p]])h([!])g
5408 Fj(command1)56 b Fs([)47 b([|)g(or)h(|&])e Fj(command2)56
5409 b Fs(...])150 3153 y Ft(The)25 b(output)f(of)i(eac)m(h)g(command)f(in)f
5410 (the)i(pip)s(eline)e(is)i(connected)g(via)f(a)h(pip)s(e)e(to)i(the)f
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5417 Fq(command2)7 b Ft('s)35 b(standard)150 3618 y(input)25
5418 b(through)g(the)h(pip)s(e;)h(it)f(is)g(shorthand)f(for)g
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5421 (redirections)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)i(the)f(command.)275
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5430 b(ariable)37 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(set)h(to)h(a)f(format)g(string)g(that)
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5452 end
5453 %%Page: 9 15
5454 TeXDict begin 9 14 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
5455 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2292 b(9)150 299
5456 y(the)32 b(last)h(\(righ)m(tmost\))h(command)e(to)h(exit)g(with)e(a)i
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5460 (is)g(the)g(logical)150 518 y(negation)h(of)f(the)f(exit)i(status)f(as)
5461 f(describ)s(ed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)66 b(The)38 b(shell)h(w)m(aits)h(for)e
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5463 (b)s(efore)f(returning)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alue.)150 881 y Fk(3.2.3)63
5464 b(Lists)41 b(of)h(Commands)275 1139 y Ft(A)29 b Fs(list)f
5465 Ft(is)i(a)f(sequence)h(of)g(one)f(or)h(more)f(pip)s(elines)g(separated)
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5491 y(to)31 b(terminate)h(in)e(turn.)39 b(The)30 b(return)f(status)i(is)f
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5493 2870 y Fl(and)g Ft(and)h Fl(or)g Ft(lists)h(are)g(sequences)f(of)h(one)
5494 g(or)f(more)h(pip)s(elines)e(separated)i(b)m(y)g(the)f(con)m(trol)i(op)
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5496 Fs(||)p Ft(',)h(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)42 b Fl(and)30
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5498 (ciativit)m(y)-8 b(.)275 3129 y(An)30 b Fl(and)f Ft(list)i(has)f(the)h
5499 (form)390 3277 y Fj(command1)56 b Fs(&&)47 b Fj(command2)150
5500 3426 y Fq(command2)38 b Ft(is)30 b(executed)i(if,)e(and)g(only)g(if,)h
5501 Fq(command1)38 b Ft(returns)29 b(an)h(exit)h(status)g(of)g(zero.)275
5502 3575 y(An)f Fl(or)f Ft(list)i(has)f(the)h(form)390 3724
5503 y Fj(command1)56 b Fs(||)47 b Fj(command2)150 3873 y
5504 Fq(command2)38 b Ft(is)30 b(executed)i(if,)e(and)g(only)g(if,)h
5505 Fq(command1)38 b Ft(returns)29 b(a)i(non-zero)g(exit)g(status.)275
5506 4022 y(The)h(return)g(status)i(of)f Fl(and)f Ft(and)h
5507 Fl(or)f Ft(lists)i(is)f(the)g(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h
5508 (command)f(executed)150 4132 y(in)d(the)h(list.)150 4385
5509 y Fk(3.2.4)63 b(Comp)s(ound)42 b(Commands)275 4643 y
5510 Ft(Comp)s(ound)e(commands)i(are)h(the)g(shell)g(programming)f
5511 (constructs.)77 b(Eac)m(h)44 b(construct)e(b)s(egins)150
5512 4753 y(with)d(a)g(reserv)m(ed)g(w)m(ord)f(or)h(con)m(trol)h(op)s
5513 (erator)f(and)g(is)g(terminated)g(b)m(y)g(a)g(corresp)s(onding)f
5514 (reserv)m(ed)150 4862 y(w)m(ord)k(or)h(op)s(erator.)77
5515 b(An)m(y)42 b(redirections)h(\(see)h(Section)f(3.6)h([Redirections],)j
5516 (page)c(26\))g(asso)s(ciated)150 4972 y(with)26 b(a)g(comp)s(ound)f
5517 (command)h(apply)g(to)h(all)g(commands)f(within)f(that)i(comp)s(ound)e
5518 (command)h(unless)150 5081 y(explicitly)32 b(o)m(v)m(erridden.)275
5519 5230 y(Bash)45 b(pro)m(vides)h(lo)s(oping)g(constructs,)j(conditional)e
5520 (commands,)j(and)44 b(mec)m(hanisms)i(to)g(group)150
5521 5340 y(commands)30 b(and)g(execute)i(them)e(as)g(a)h(unit.)p
5522 eop end
5523 %%Page: 10 16
5524 TeXDict begin 10 15 bop 150 -116 a Ft(10)2572 b(Bash)31
5525 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fk(3.2.4.1)63 b(Lo)s(oping)43
5526 b(Constructs)275 544 y Ft(Bash)30 b(supp)s(orts)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)i
5527 (lo)s(oping)f(constructs.)275 680 y(Note)k(that)f(wherev)m(er)g(a)g(`)p
5528 Fs(;)p Ft(')g(app)s(ears)f(in)h(the)g(description)g(of)g(a)g(command's)
5529 g(syn)m(tax,)i(it)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)150 790 y(replaced)c(with)f(one)h
5530 (or)f(more)g(newlines.)150 951 y Fs(until)240 b Ft(The)30
5531 b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h Fs(until)e Ft(command)h(is:)870
5532 1086 y Fs(until)46 b Fj(test-commands)11 b Fs(;)44 b(do)j
5533 Fj(consequent-commands)11 b Fs(;)42 b(done)630 1222 y
5534 Ft(Execute)g Fq(consequen)m(t-commands)k Ft(as)41 b(long)h(as)f
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5537 (the)h(exit)h(status)f(of)g(the)g(last)g(command)630
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5539 Ft(,)i(or)e(zero)h(if)g(none)f(w)m(as)h(executed.)150
5540 1602 y Fs(while)240 b Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h
5541 Fs(while)e Ft(command)h(is:)870 1737 y Fs(while)46 b
5542 Fj(test-commands)11 b Fs(;)44 b(do)j Fj(consequent-commands)11
5543 b Fs(;)42 b(done)630 1872 y Ft(Execute)g Fq(consequen)m(t-commands)k
5544 Ft(as)41 b(long)h(as)f Fq(test-commands)46 b Ft(has)41
5545 b(an)g(exit)h(status)630 1982 y(of)34 b(zero.)53 b(The)34
5546 b(return)f(status)h(is)h(the)f(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h
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5548 Ft(,)c(or)g(zero)g(if)f(none)g(w)m(as)h(executed.)150
5549 2252 y Fs(for)336 b Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h
5550 Fs(for)e Ft(command)i(is:)870 2387 y Fs(for)47 b Fj(name)57
5551 b Fs([in)47 b Fj(words)57 b Fs(...)o(];)47 b(do)g Fj(commands)11
5552 b Fs(;)45 b(done)630 2522 y Ft(Expand)31 b Fq(w)m(ords)p
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5554 s(er)e(in)g(the)h(resultan)m(t)630 2632 y(list,)c(with)f
5555 Fq(name)33 b Ft(b)s(ound)26 b(to)j(the)f(curren)m(t)g(mem)m(b)s(er.)40
5556 b(If)27 b(`)p Fs(in)j Fj(words)11 b Ft(')27 b(is)h(not)g(presen)m(t,)h
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5558 Fq(commands)k Ft(once)d(for)f(eac)m(h)i(p)s(ositional)f(parameter)g
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5560 Ft(')c(had)g(b)s(een)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(\(see)i(Section)f(3.4.2)i([Sp)s
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5566 3315 y(An)g(alternate)i(form)e(of)h(the)f Fs(for)g Ft(command)g(is)g
5567 (also)h(supp)s(orted:)870 3450 y Fs(for)47 b(\(\()g Fj(expr1)57
5568 b Fs(;)47 b Fj(expr2)57 b Fs(;)48 b Fj(expr3)57 b Fs(\)\))47
5569 b(;)g(do)g Fj(commands)57 b Fs(;)47 b(done)630 3585 y
5570 Ft(First,)38 b(the)f(arithmetic)h(expression)e Fq(expr1)43
5571 b Ft(is)36 b(ev)-5 b(aluated)38 b(according)f(to)g(the)g(rules)f(de-)
5572 630 3695 y(scrib)s(ed)41 b(b)s(elo)m(w)h(\(see)h(Section)g(6.5)g
5573 ([Shell)g(Arithmetic],)j(page)d(78\).)77 b(The)42 b(arithmetic)630
5574 3805 y(expression)33 b Fq(expr2)41 b Ft(is)34 b(then)f(ev)-5
5575 b(aluated)35 b(rep)s(eatedly)f(un)m(til)g(it)g(ev)-5
5576 b(aluates)35 b(to)g(zero.)51 b(Eac)m(h)630 3914 y(time)23
5577 b Fq(expr2)30 b Ft(ev)-5 b(aluates)25 b(to)e(a)g(non-zero)h(v)-5
5578 b(alue,)25 b Fq(commands)h Ft(are)d(executed)g(and)g(the)g(arith-)630
5579 4024 y(metic)29 b(expression)f Fq(expr3)36 b Ft(is)28
5580 b(ev)-5 b(aluated.)41 b(If)28 b(an)m(y)h(expression)f(is)g(omitted,)i
5581 (it)f(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g(as)630 4133 y(if)i(it)h(ev)-5
5582 b(aluates)32 b(to)g(1.)44 b(The)30 b(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)32
5583 b(is)f(the)g(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(last)h(command)f(in)630
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5585 (of)h(the)f(expressions)g(is)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid.)275
5586 4404 y(The)26 b Fs(break)g Ft(and)h Fs(continue)e Ft(builtins)i(\(see)h
5587 (Section)h(4.1)f([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)i(page)f(35\))g(ma)m(y)
5588 150 4514 y(b)s(e)i(used)f(to)i(con)m(trol)h(lo)s(op)f(execution.)150
5589 4741 y Fk(3.2.4.2)63 b(Conditional)42 b(Constructs)150
5590 4986 y Fs(if)384 b Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h
5591 Fs(if)f Ft(command)g(is:)870 5121 y Fs(if)47 b Fj(test-commands)11
5592 b Fs(;)44 b(then)965 5230 y Fj(consequent-commands)11
5593 b Fs(;)870 5340 y([elif)46 b Fj(more-test-commands)11
5594 b Fs(;)42 b(then)p eop end
5595 %%Page: 11 17
5596 TeXDict begin 11 16 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
5597 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(11)965 299
5598 y Fj(more-consequents)11 b Fs(;])870 408 y([else)46 b
5599 Fj(alternate-consequents)11 b Fs(;])870 518 y(fi)630
5600 646 y Ft(The)53 b Fq(test-commands)58 b Ft(list)c(is)g(executed,)60
5601 b(and)53 b(if)g(its)h(return)e(status)i(is)f(zero,)61
5602 b(the)630 756 y Fq(consequen)m(t-commands)44 b Ft(list)d(is)f
5603 (executed.)70 b(If)40 b Fq(test-commands)k Ft(returns)39
5604 b(a)h(non-zero)630 865 y(status,)45 b(eac)m(h)e Fs(elif)d
5605 Ft(list)i(is)g(executed)h(in)e(turn,)j(and)d(if)g(its)h(exit)h(status)f
5606 (is)f(zero,)46 b(the)630 975 y(corresp)s(onding)37 b
5607 Fq(more-consequen)m(ts)42 b Ft(is)c(executed)g(and)f(the)h(command)g
5608 (completes.)63 b(If)630 1084 y(`)p Fs(else)29 b Fj
5609 (alternate-consequents)11 b Ft(')23 b(is)30 b(presen)m(t,)f(and)g(the)g
5610 (\014nal)g(command)f(in)h(the)g(\014nal)630 1194 y Fs(if)44
5611 b Ft(or)g Fs(elif)f Ft(clause)i(has)f(a)h(non-zero)g(exit)g(status,)j
5612 (then)c Fq(alternate-consequen)m(ts)51 b Ft(is)630 1303
5613 y(executed.)k(The)34 b(return)g(status)h(is)f(the)h(exit)h(status)f(of)
5614 g(the)g(last)g(command)g(executed,)630 1413 y(or)30 b(zero)i(if)e(no)g
5615 (condition)h(tested)g(true.)150 1559 y Fs(case)288 b
5616 Ft(The)30 b(syn)m(tax)h(of)f(the)h Fs(case)e Ft(command)h(is:)870
5617 1687 y Fs(case)47 b Fj(word)57 b Fs(in)47 b([)g([\(])g
5618 Fj(pattern)57 b Fs([|)47 b Fj(pattern)11 b Fs(]...)l(\))48
5619 b Fj(command-list)55 b Fs(;;]...)46 b(esac)630 1815 y(case)20
5620 b Ft(will)i(selectiv)m(ely)j(execute)e(the)e Fq(command-list)k
5621 Ft(corresp)s(onding)20 b(to)i(the)g(\014rst)f Fq(pattern)630
5622 1924 y Ft(that)42 b(matc)m(hes)g Fq(w)m(ord)p Ft(.)73
5623 b(If)41 b(the)g(shell)g(option)h Fs(nocasematch)c Ft(\(see)k(the)g
5624 (description)f(of)630 2034 y Fs(shopt)34 b Ft(in)h(Section)h(4.3.2)h
5625 ([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)k(page)e(54\))g(is)g(enabled,)g(the)g(matc)m
5626 (h)g(is)630 2144 y(p)s(erformed)29 b(without)i(regard)g(to)g(the)g
5627 (case)h(of)f(alphab)s(etic)g(c)m(haracters.)44 b(The)30
5628 b(`)p Fs(|)p Ft(')h(is)g(used)630 2253 y(to)e(separate)g(m)m(ultiple)g
5629 (patterns,)g(and)e(the)i(`)p Fs(\))p Ft(')f(op)s(erator)g(terminates)h
5630 (a)g(pattern)f(list.)41 b(A)630 2363 y(list)31 b(of)g(patterns)f(and)g
5631 (an)g(asso)s(ciated)i(command-list)f(is)f(kno)m(wn)g(as)h(a)g
5632 Fq(clause)p Ft(.)630 2491 y(Eac)m(h)42 b(clause)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g
5633 (terminated)h(with)e(`)p Fs(;;)p Ft(',)45 b(`)p Fs(,&)p
5634 Ft(',)f(or)d(`)p Fs(;;&)p Ft('.)73 b(The)41 b Fq(w)m(ord)j
5635 Ft(under-)630 2600 y(go)s(es)35 b(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter)g
5636 (expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)h(arithmetic)630
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5638 b(b)s(efore)f(matc)m(hing)h(is)f(attempted.)82 b(Eac)m(h)45
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5640 (parameter)e(expansion,)i(command)d(substitution,)j(and)630
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5644 y(`)p Fs(;&)p Ft(',)c(or)e(`)p Fs(;;&)p Ft('.)39 b(The)25
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5669 (status)630 5340 y(is)30 b(the)h(exit)g(status)g(of)f(the)h
5670 Fq(command-list)i Ft(executed.)p eop end
5671 %%Page: 12 18
5672 TeXDict begin 12 17 bop 150 -116 a Ft(12)2572 b(Bash)31
5673 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(select)630 434 y
5674 Ft(The)i Fs(select)f Ft(construct)i(allo)m(ws)h(the)f(easy)g
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5678 b Fs(...)o(];)47 b(do)h Fj(commands)11 b Fs(;)44 b(done)630
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5680 Fs(in)e Ft(is)h(expanded,)i(generating)f(a)f(list)g(of)g(items.)75
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5693 b(the)i(line)f(is)h(empt)m(y)-8 b(,)35 b(the)e(w)m(ords)g(and)f(prompt)
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5695 b Ft(is)g(read,)j(the)d Fs(select)f Ft(command)i(completes.)40
5696 b(An)m(y)23 b(other)h(v)-5 b(alue)24 b(read)g(causes)g
5697 Fq(name)630 1691 y Ft(to)31 b(b)s(e)f(set)h(to)g(n)m(ull.)41
5698 b(The)29 b(line)i(read)f(is)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)g(in)f(the)h(v)-5
5699 b(ariable)31 b Fs(REPLY)p Ft(.)630 1827 y(The)42 b Fq(commands)j
5700 Ft(are)d(executed)h(after)g(eac)m(h)g(selection)h(un)m(til)e(a)h
5701 Fs(break)d Ft(command)i(is)630 1936 y(executed,)32 b(at)f(whic)m(h)f(p)
5702 s(oin)m(t)g(the)h Fs(select)d Ft(command)i(completes.)630
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5704 (to)i(pic)m(k)f(a)g(\014lename)h(from)e(the)h(curren)m(t)630
5705 2181 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b(and)d(displa)m(ys)i(the)f(name)h(and)f
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5707 b(fname)g(in)i(*;)870 2426 y(do)870 2536 y(echo)f(you)g(picked)f
5708 ($fname)g(\\\($REPLY\\\))870 2645 y(break;)870 2755 y(done)150
5709 2916 y(\(\(...)o(\)\))870 3051 y(\(\()h Fj(expression)56
5710 b Fs(\)\))630 3187 y Ft(The)33 b(arithmetic)i Fq(expression)f
5711 Ft(is)f(ev)-5 b(aluated)35 b(according)g(to)f(the)g(rules)f(describ)s
5712 (ed)g(b)s(elo)m(w)630 3296 y(\(see)j(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f
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5715 b(the)f(return)e(status)i(is)g(0;)h(otherwise)f(the)g(return)e(status)i
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5717 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)870 3651 y Fs(let)47 b(")p Fj(expression)11
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5721 y([[)47 b Fj(expression)56 b Fs(]])630 4218 y Ft(Return)25
5722 b(a)h(status)f(of)h(0)g(or)g(1)g(dep)s(ending)e(on)h(the)h(ev)-5
5723 b(aluation)27 b(of)e(the)h(conditional)h(expres-)630
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5725 b(are)i(comp)s(osed)f(of)g(the)h(primaries)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m
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5727 (Expressions],)h(page)f(77.)57 b(W)-8 b(ord)36 b(splitting)h(and)e
5728 (\014le-)630 4547 y(name)24 b(expansion)h(are)g(not)f(p)s(erformed)f
5729 (on)h(the)h(w)m(ords)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)g(`)p Fs([[)p
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5731 b(parameter)g(and)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(expansion,)g(arithmetic)g
5732 (expansion,)g(command)630 4766 y(substitution,)40 b(pro)s(cess)f
5733 (substitution,)h(and)e(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)40 b(are)f(p)s
5734 (erformed.)63 b(Condi-)630 4876 y(tional)32 b(op)s(erators)e(suc)m(h)g
5735 (as)h(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(m)m(ust)g(b)s(e)g(unquoted)g(to)h(b)s(e)e
5736 (recognized)j(as)f(primaries.)630 5011 y(When)22 b(the)h(`)p
5737 Fs(==)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p Fs(!=)p Ft(')g(op)s(erators)h(are)g(used,)g
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5739 5121 y(is)31 b(considered)g(a)h(pattern)f(and)g(matc)m(hed)h(according)
5740 g(to)g(the)g(rules)f(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m(w)h(in)630
5741 5230 y(Section)37 b(3.5.8.1)i([P)m(attern)e(Matc)m(hing],)j(page)c(25.)
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5743 5340 y Ft(\(see)42 b(the)f(description)g(of)h Fs(shopt)d
5744 Ft(in)i(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)45
5745 b(page)d(54\))p eop end
5746 %%Page: 13 19
5747 TeXDict begin 13 18 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
5748 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(13)630 299
5749 y(is)40 b(enabled,)i(the)e(matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s(erformed)g(without)g
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5751 y(c)m(haracters.)h(The)28 b(return)e(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(is)g(0)g(if)g
5752 (the)g(string)g(matc)m(hes)h(\(`)p Fs(==)p Ft('\))f(or)g(do)s(es)f(not)
5753 h(matc)m(h)630 518 y(\(`)p Fs(!=)p Ft('\)the)33 b(pattern,)g(and)f(1)g
5754 (otherwise.)47 b(An)m(y)32 b(part)g(of)h(the)f(pattern)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s
5755 (e)f(quoted)g(to)630 628 y(force)f(it)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(matc)m(hed)h(as)f
5756 (a)h(string.)630 757 y(An)i(additional)i(binary)e(op)s(erator,)i(`)p
5757 Fs(=~)p Ft(',)g(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)37 b(with)c(the)h(same)g
5758 (precedence)h(as)630 867 y(`)p Fs(==)p Ft(')29 b(and)f(`)p
5759 Fs(!=)p Ft('.)40 b(When)29 b(it)g(is)g(used,)f(the)h(string)g(to)h(the)
5760 e(righ)m(t)i(of)f(the)g(op)s(erator)g(is)g(consid-)630
5761 976 y(ered)34 b(an)g(extended)g(regular)g(expression)g(and)f(matc)m
5762 (hed)i(accordingly)g(\(as)f(in)g Fm(r)-5 b(e)g(gex)11
5763 b Ft(3\)\).)630 1086 y(The)29 b(return)f(v)-5 b(alue)30
5764 b(is)g(0)g(if)f(the)h(string)g(matc)m(hes)g(the)g(pattern,)g(and)f(1)h
5765 (otherwise.)41 b(If)29 b(the)630 1196 y(regular)e(expression)g(is)h
5766 (syn)m(tactically)i(incorrect,)f(the)e(conditional)i(expression's)e
5767 (return)630 1305 y(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(is)g(2.)68 b(If)39
5768 b(the)h(shell)f(option)h Fs(nocasematch)d Ft(\(see)j(the)g(description)
5769 g(of)f Fs(shopt)f Ft(in)630 1415 y(Section)32 b(4.3.2)g([The)f(Shopt)f
5770 (Builtin],)i(page)g(54\))g(is)f(enabled,)g(the)g(matc)m(h)h(is)e(p)s
5771 (erformed)630 1524 y(without)36 b(regard)g(to)h(the)f(case)h(of)f
5772 (alphab)s(etic)h(c)m(haracters.)59 b(An)m(y)36 b(part)g(of)h(the)f
5773 (pattern)630 1634 y(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g(quoted)g(to)g(force)g(it)h(to)f(b)
5774 s(e)f(matc)m(hed)i(as)f(a)g(string.)57 b(Substrings)34
5775 b(matc)m(hed)j(b)m(y)630 1743 y(paren)m(thesized)44 b(sub)s
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5778 b Fs(BASH_REMATCH)p Ft(.)59 b(The)36 b(elemen)m(t)j(of)f
5779 Fs(BASH_REMATCH)c Ft(with)j(index)g(0)h(is)630 1963 y(the)c(p)s(ortion)
5780 f(of)h(the)f(string)h(matc)m(hing)g(the)g(en)m(tire)h(regular)e
5781 (expression.)50 b(The)33 b(elemen)m(t)630 2072 y(of)39
5782 b Fs(BASH_REMATCH)c Ft(with)j(index)g Fq(n)f Ft(is)i(the)f(p)s(ortion)g
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5784 2182 y(paren)m(thesized)31 b(sub)s(expression.)630 2311
5785 y(Expressions)23 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(com)m(bined)i(using)f(the)h(follo)m
5786 (wing)h(op)s(erators,)g(listed)f(in)f(decreasing)630
5787 2421 y(order)30 b(of)g(precedence:)630 2570 y Fs(\()g
5788 Fj(expression)38 b Fs(\))1110 2680 y Ft(Returns)30 b(the)h(v)-5
5789 b(alue)31 b(of)g Fq(expression)p Ft(.)42 b(This)30 b(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e
5790 (used)g(to)i(o)m(v)m(erride)g(the)1110 2790 y(normal)e(precedence)h(of)
5791 g(op)s(erators.)630 2939 y Fs(!)f Fj(expression)1110
5792 3049 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(expression)g Ft(is)h(false.)630
5793 3198 y Fj(expression1)38 b Fs(&&)30 b Fj(expression2)1110
5794 3308 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(b)s(oth)g Fq(expression1)38
5795 b Ft(and)29 b Fq(expression2)38 b Ft(are)31 b(true.)630
5796 3457 y Fj(expression1)38 b Fs(||)30 b Fj(expression2)1110
5797 3567 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(either)h Fq(expression1)38
5798 b Ft(or)30 b Fq(expression2)38 b Ft(is)30 b(true.)630
5799 3716 y(The)25 b Fs(&&)g Ft(and)g Fs(||)f Ft(op)s(erators)i(do)f(not)h
5800 (ev)-5 b(aluate)27 b Fq(expression2)33 b Ft(if)26 b(the)f(v)-5
5801 b(alue)26 b(of)g Fq(expression1)630 3826 y Ft(is)k(su\016cien)m(t)h(to)
5802 g(determine)g(the)f(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f(the)h(en)m(tire)g
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5804 b(Commands)275 4274 y Ft(Bash)22 b(pro)m(vides)g(t)m(w)m(o)h(w)m(a)m
5805 (ys)g(to)g(group)f(a)g(list)h(of)f(commands)g(to)g(b)s(e)g(executed)h
5806 (as)f(a)h(unit.)37 b(When)22 b(com-)150 4384 y(mands)30
5807 b(are)i(group)s(ed,)f(redirections)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(applied)i(to)g
5808 (the)f(en)m(tire)h(command)g(list.)44 b(F)-8 b(or)32
5809 b(example,)150 4493 y(the)f(output)f(of)g(all)h(the)g(commands)f(in)g
5810 (the)h(list)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(redirected)i(to)g(a)g(single)g(stream.)
5811 150 4643 y Fs(\(\))870 4772 y(\()47 b Fj(list)58 b Fs(\))630
5812 4902 y Ft(Placing)30 b(a)f(list)g(of)g(commands)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i
5813 (paren)m(theses)e(causes)i(a)f(subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t)630
5814 5011 y(to)k(b)s(e)e(created)j(\(see)f(Section)g(3.7.3)h([Command)d
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5816 y(and)d(eac)m(h)i(of)e(the)h(commands)f(in)g Fq(list)j
5817 Ft(to)f(b)s(e)e(executed)h(in)f(that)h(subshell.)39 b(Since)28
5818 b(the)f Fq(list)630 5230 y Ft(is)i(executed)g(in)f(a)h(subshell,)g(v)-5
5819 b(ariable)29 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(do)g(not)g(remain)f(in)g(e\013ect)j
5820 (after)e(the)630 5340 y(subshell)g(completes.)p eop end
5821 %%Page: 14 20
5822 TeXDict begin 14 19 bop 150 -116 a Ft(14)2572 b(Bash)31
5823 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs({})870 431 y({)47
5824 b Fj(list)11 b Fs(;)46 b(})630 564 y Ft(Placing)30 b(a)g(list)g(of)g
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5828 b(semicolon)i(\(or)f(newline\))630 783 y(follo)m(wing)32
5829 b Fq(list)h Ft(is)d(required.)275 938 y(In)44 b(addition)h(to)h(the)f
5830 (creation)i(of)e(a)g(subshell,)j(there)e(is)f(a)g(subtle)g
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5832 (constructs)e(due)g(to)g(historical)i(reasons.)67 b(The)39
5833 b(braces)g(are)h Fs(reserved)28 b(words)p Ft(,)40 b(so)g(they)f(m)m
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5835 Ft(b)m(y)e Fs(blank)p Ft(s)e(or)h(other)h(shell)f(metac)m(haracters.)62
5836 b(The)36 b(paren)m(theses)h(are)150 1267 y Fs(operators)p
5837 Ft(,)23 b(and)h(are)g(recognized)i(as)e(separate)i(tok)m(ens)f(b)m(y)f
5838 (the)g(shell)h(ev)m(en)g(if)f(they)g(are)h(not)f(separated)150
5839 1377 y(from)30 b(the)g Fq(list)j Ft(b)m(y)e(whitespace.)275
5840 1509 y(The)e(exit)j(status)e(of)h(b)s(oth)f(of)g(these)h(constructs)g
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5842 y Fk(3.2.5)63 b(Copro)s(cesses)275 1969 y Ft(A)34 b Fs(coprocess)e
5843 Ft(is)j(a)g(shell)g(command)f(preceded)h(b)m(y)f(the)h
5844 Fs(coproc)e Ft(reserv)m(ed)i(w)m(ord.)53 b(A)35 b(copro)s(cess)150
5845 2079 y(is)30 b(executed)g(async)m(hronously)g(in)f(a)h(subshell,)f(as)h
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5847 2189 y(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(')k(con)m(trol)h(op)s(erator,)g(with)f(a)g(t)m(w)m
5848 (o-w)m(a)m(y)i(pip)s(e)d(established)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)f
5849 (executing)h(shell)f(and)f(the)150 2298 y(copro)s(cess.)275
5850 2431 y(The)c(format)i(for)f(a)h(copro)s(cess)g(is:)390
5851 2563 y Fs(coproc)46 b([)p Fj(NAME)11 b Fs(])46 b Fj(command)56
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5861 (the)e(shell)g(creates)h(an)e(arra)m(y)i(v)-5 b(ariable)24
5862 b(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)h([Arra)m(ys],)150 3267 y(page)43
5863 b(80\))g(named)f Fq(NAME)48 b Ft(in)42 b(the)g(con)m(text)i(of)e(the)h
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5866 (\014le)f(descriptor)g(in)f(the)i(executing)g(shell,)h(and)d(that)i
5867 (\014le)150 3486 y(descriptor)25 b(is)f(assigned)h(to)h
5868 Fq(NAME)5 b Ft([0].)40 b(The)25 b(standard)e(input)h(of)h
5869 Fq(command)j Ft(is)d(connected)g(via)h(a)f(pip)s(e)150
5870 3595 y(to)33 b(a)f(\014le)g(descriptor)g(in)f(the)i(executing)g(shell,)
5871 f(and)g(that)g(\014le)g(descriptor)g(is)g(assigned)g(to)h
5872 Fq(NAME)5 b Ft([1].)150 3705 y(This)31 b(pip)s(e)g(is)h(established)g
5873 (b)s(efore)g(an)m(y)g(redirections)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(b)m(y)f(the)i
5874 (command)e(\(see)i(Section)g(3.6)150 3814 y([Redirections],)25
5875 b(page)e(26\).)39 b(The)21 b(\014le)h(descriptors)g(can)g(b)s(e)f
5876 (utilized)i(as)f(argumen)m(ts)h(to)f(shell)g(commands)150
5877 3924 y(and)30 b(redirections)h(using)f(standard)f(w)m(ord)h
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5879 m(wned)e(to)i(execute)g(the)f(copro)s(cess)h(is)f(a)m(v)-5
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5897 %%Page: 15 21
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5996 b(with)p eop end
5997 %%Page: 16 22
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6070 b(P)m(ositional)41 b(P)m(arameters)275 4332 y Ft(A)36
6071 b Fq(p)s(ositional)i(parameter)44 b Ft(is)37 b(a)g(parameter)g(denoted)
6072 g(b)m(y)g(one)g(or)g(more)g(digits,)i(other)e(than)g(the)150
6073 4442 y(single)k(digit)f Fs(0)p Ft(.)69 b(P)m(ositional)42
6074 b(parameters)f(are)f(assigned)g(from)g(the)g(shell's)g(argumen)m(ts)g
6075 (when)f(it)i(is)150 4551 y(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)f(and)d(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)g
6076 (reassigned)g(using)f(the)i Fs(set)e Ft(builtin)g(command.)61
6077 b(P)m(ositional)39 b(parameter)e Fs(N)150 4661 y Ft(ma)m(y)27
6078 b(b)s(e)g(referenced)f(as)h Fs(${N})p Ft(,)g(or)g(as)g
6079 Fs($N)f Ft(when)g Fs(N)g Ft(consists)i(of)f(a)g(single)g(digit.)41
6080 b(P)m(ositional)29 b(parameters)150 4770 y(ma)m(y)j(not)f(b)s(e)g
6081 (assigned)h(to)g(with)f(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m(ts.)45
6082 b(The)30 b Fs(set)h Ft(and)g Fs(shift)e Ft(builtins)i(are)h(used)150
6083 4880 y(to)h(set)f(and)f(unset)h(them)g(\(see)h(Chapter)e(4)h([Shell)g
6084 (Builtin)h(Commands],)e(page)i(35\).)47 b(The)31 b(p)s(ositional)150
6085 4990 y(parameters)24 b(are)g(temp)s(orarily)g(replaced)h(when)d(a)j
6086 (shell)f(function)f(is)h(executed)h(\(see)f(Section)h(3.3)g([Shell)150
6087 5099 y(F)-8 b(unctions],)31 b(page)h(14\).)275 5230 y(When)27
6088 b(a)i(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(consisting)f(of)h(more)f(than)g(a)g
6089 (single)h(digit)g(is)f(expanded,)g(it)h(m)m(ust)150 5340
6090 y(b)s(e)h(enclosed)h(in)f(braces.)p eop end
6091 %%Page: 17 23
6092 TeXDict begin 17 22 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
6093 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(17)150 299
6094 y Fk(3.4.2)63 b(Sp)s(ecial)41 b(P)m(arameters)275 539
6095 y Ft(The)27 b(shell)h(treats)h(sev)m(eral)g(parameters)g(sp)s(ecially)
6096 -8 b(.)41 b(These)28 b(parameters)g(ma)m(y)g(only)g(b)s(e)g
6097 (referenced;)150 648 y(assignmen)m(t)j(to)g(them)g(is)f(not)h(allo)m(w)
6098 m(ed.)150 799 y Fs(*)432 b Ft(Expands)29 b(to)h(the)h(p)s(ositional)f
6099 (parameters,)h(starting)g(from)e(one.)41 b(When)30 b(the)g(expansion)
6100 630 909 y(o)s(ccurs)e(within)f(double)h(quotes,)h(it)g(expands)e(to)i
6101 (a)f(single)h(w)m(ord)f(with)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)f(eac)m(h)630
6102 1018 y(parameter)i(separated)g(b)m(y)f(the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i
6103 (of)e(the)h Fs(IFS)e Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(v)-5 b(ariable.)41
6104 b(That)30 b(is,)630 1128 y Fs("$*")h Ft(is)i(equiv)-5
6105 b(alen)m(t)33 b(to)h Fs("$1)p Fj(c)11 b Fs($2)p Fj(c)g
6106 Fs(...)l(")p Ft(,)33 b(where)f Fq(c)38 b Ft(is)32 b(the)h(\014rst)e(c)m
6107 (haracter)j(of)f(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)630 1238 y(of)30 b(the)g
6108 Fs(IFS)g Ft(v)-5 b(ariable.)41 b(If)30 b Fs(IFS)f Ft(is)h(unset,)g(the)
6109 g(parameters)g(are)h(separated)f(b)m(y)g(spaces.)41 b(If)630
6110 1347 y Fs(IFS)29 b Ft(is)i(n)m(ull,)f(the)h(parameters)g(are)f(joined)h
6111 (without)f(in)m(terv)m(ening)i(separators.)150 1498 y
6112 Fs(@)432 b Ft(Expands)29 b(to)h(the)h(p)s(ositional)f(parameters,)h
6113 (starting)g(from)e(one.)41 b(When)30 b(the)g(expansion)630
6114 1608 y(o)s(ccurs)c(within)g(double)f(quotes,)j(eac)m(h)f(parameter)g
6115 (expands)e(to)i(a)g(separate)g(w)m(ord.)39 b(That)630
6116 1717 y(is,)29 b Fs("$@")e Ft(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)30
6117 b(to)f Fs("$1")g("$2")h(...)o Ft(.)40 b(If)28 b(the)g(double-quoted)h
6118 (expansion)f(o)s(ccurs)630 1827 y(within)d(a)h(w)m(ord,)g(the)g
6119 (expansion)f(of)h(the)g(\014rst)f(parameter)h(is)f(joined)h(with)f(the)
6120 h(b)s(eginning)630 1936 y(part)f(of)g(the)g(original)g(w)m(ord,)h(and)e
6121 (the)h(expansion)g(of)g(the)g(last)h(parameter)f(is)g(joined)f(with)630
6122 2046 y(the)37 b(last)g(part)g(of)f(the)h(original)h(w)m(ord.)59
6123 b(When)36 b(there)h(are)g(no)f(p)s(ositional)h(parameters,)630
6124 2156 y Fs("$@")29 b Ft(and)h Fs($@)g Ft(expand)f(to)j(nothing)e
6125 (\(i.e.,)i(they)e(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed\).)150 2306 y Fs(#)432
6126 b Ft(Expands)29 b(to)i(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(p)s(ositional)h
6127 (parameters)g(in)f(decimal.)150 2457 y Fs(?)432 b Ft(Expands)29
6128 b(to)i(the)g(exit)g(status)g(of)f(the)h(most)f(recen)m(tly)i(executed)f
6129 (foreground)f(pip)s(eline.)150 2608 y Fs(-)432 b Ft(\(A)31
6130 b(h)m(yphen.\))42 b(Expands)30 b(to)h(the)g(curren)m(t)g(option)h
6131 (\015ags)f(as)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(up)s(on)g(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation,)630
6132 2718 y(b)m(y)35 b(the)h Fs(set)e Ft(builtin)h(command,)h(or)g(those)g
6133 (set)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(shell)h(itself)g(\(suc)m(h)f(as)h(the)f(`)p
6134 Fs(-i)p Ft(')630 2827 y(option\).)150 2978 y Fs($)432
6135 b Ft(Expands)39 b(to)j(the)f(pro)s(cess)f Fl(id)h Ft(of)g(the)g(shell.)
6136 73 b(In)40 b(a)h Fs(\(\))f Ft(subshell,)j(it)e(expands)f(to)i(the)630
6137 3088 y(pro)s(cess)30 b Fl(id)g Ft(of)h(the)g(in)m(v)m(oking)g(shell,)g
6138 (not)g(the)f(subshell.)150 3239 y Fs(!)432 b Ft(Expands)39
6139 b(to)i(the)g(pro)s(cess)e Fl(id)i Ft(of)f(the)h(most)g(recen)m(tly)g
6140 (executed)g(bac)m(kground)g(\(asyn-)630 3348 y(c)m(hronous\))30
6141 b(command.)150 3499 y Fs(0)432 b Ft(Expands)20 b(to)j(the)f(name)g(of)g
6142 (the)g(shell)g(or)f(shell)h(script.)38 b(This)21 b(is)h(set)g(at)h
6143 (shell)f(initialization.)630 3609 y(If)44 b(Bash)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m
6144 (ed)i(with)e(a)g(\014le)g(of)h(commands)e(\(see)j(Section)f(3.8)g
6145 ([Shell)f(Scripts],)630 3718 y(page)39 b(34\),)i Fs($0)d
6146 Ft(is)g(set)g(to)h(the)f(name)g(of)g(that)h(\014le.)64
6147 b(If)37 b(Bash)i(is)f(started)g(with)g(the)g(`)p Fs(-c)p
6148 Ft(')630 3828 y(option)i(\(see)g(Section)h(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)h
6149 (Bash],)h(page)e(71\),)j(then)d Fs($0)e Ft(is)i(set)g(to)g(the)g
6150 (\014rst)630 3938 y(argumen)m(t)31 b(after)g(the)g(string)g(to)g(b)s(e)
6151 f(executed,)i(if)f(one)g(is)f(presen)m(t.)42 b(Otherwise,)31
6152 b(it)g(is)f(set)630 4047 y(to)h(the)g(\014lename)f(used)g(to)h(in)m(v)m
6153 (ok)m(e)h(Bash,)f(as)g(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)f(argumen)m(t)h(zero.)150
6154 4198 y Fs(_)432 b Ft(\(An)27 b(underscore.\))39 b(A)m(t)29
6155 b(shell)e(startup,)h(set)f(to)h(the)g(absolute)g(pathname)f(used)f(to)i
6156 (in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)630 4308 y(the)22 b(shell)g(or)g(shell)g(script)f(b)s
6157 (eing)h(executed)h(as)f(passed)f(in)g(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(or)e
6158 (argumen)m(t)630 4417 y(list.)72 b(Subsequen)m(tly)-8
6159 b(,)43 b(expands)c(to)j(the)e(last)i(argumen)m(t)f(to)g(the)g(previous)
6160 f(command,)630 4527 y(after)35 b(expansion.)54 b(Also)36
6161 b(set)f(to)h(the)f(full)f(pathname)h(used)f(to)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)i(eac)
6162 m(h)f(command)630 4636 y(executed)42 b(and)e(placed)i(in)e(the)h(en)m
6163 (vironmen)m(t)h(exp)s(orted)f(to)g(that)h(command.)72
6164 b(When)630 4746 y(c)m(hec)m(king)32 b(mail,)f(this)g(parameter)g(holds)
6165 e(the)i(name)f(of)h(the)g(mail)g(\014le.)150 4991 y Fr(3.5)68
6166 b(Shell)45 b(Expansions)275 5230 y Ft(Expansion)29 b(is)h(p)s(erformed)
6167 e(on)i(the)g(command)g(line)g(after)h(it)f(has)g(b)s(een)f(split)h(in)m
6168 (to)h Fs(token)p Ft(s.)39 b(There)150 5340 y(are)31 b(sev)m(en)g(kinds)
6169 e(of)i(expansion)f(p)s(erformed:)p eop end
6170 %%Page: 18 24
6171 TeXDict begin 18 23 bop 150 -116 a Ft(18)2572 b(Bash)31
6172 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)225 299 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(brace)31
6173 b(expansion)225 429 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(tilde)31 b(expansion)225
6174 560 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(parameter)31 b(and)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31
6175 b(expansion)225 691 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(command)30 b(substitution)225
6176 821 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(arithmetic)32 b(expansion)225 952
6177 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(w)m(ord)30 b(splitting)225 1082 y Fp(\017)60
6178 b Ft(\014lename)31 b(expansion)275 1234 y(The)i(order)g(of)h
6179 (expansions)g(is:)47 b(brace)34 b(expansion,)h(tilde)g(expansion,)f
6180 (parameter,)i(v)-5 b(ariable,)36 b(and)150 1343 y(arithmetic)46
6181 b(expansion)f(and)g(command)f(substitution)h(\(done)g(in)g(a)g
6182 (left-to-righ)m(t)j(fashion\),)h(w)m(ord)150 1453 y(splitting,)31
6183 b(and)f(\014lename)h(expansion.)275 1584 y(On)42 b(systems)h(that)h
6184 (can)g(supp)s(ort)e(it,)47 b(there)d(is)f(an)h(additional)g(expansion)f
6185 (a)m(v)-5 b(ailable:)69 b Fq(pro)s(cess)150 1693 y(substitution)p
6186 Ft(.)61 b(This)36 b(is)h(p)s(erformed)f(at)i(the)f(same)h(time)f(as)h
6187 (parameter,)h(v)-5 b(ariable,)40 b(and)d(arithmetic)150
6188 1803 y(expansion)30 b(and)g(command)g(substitution.)275
6189 1933 y(Only)35 b(brace)i(expansion,)h(w)m(ord)e(splitting,)j(and)d
6190 (\014lename)g(expansion)g(can)h(c)m(hange)h(the)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)150
6191 2043 y(of)h(w)m(ords)f(of)g(the)h(expansion;)i(other)e(expansions)f
6192 (expand)g(a)h(single)g(w)m(ord)f(to)h(a)g(single)g(w)m(ord.)58
6193 b(The)150 2152 y(only)32 b(exceptions)i(to)f(this)f(are)h(the)f
6194 (expansions)g(of)h Fs("$@")e Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(3.4.2)h([Sp)s(ecial)f
6195 (P)m(arameters],)150 2262 y(page)e(17\))h(and)d Fs("${)p
6196 Fj(name)11 b Fs([@]}")27 b Ft(\(see)k(Section)h(6.7)f([Arra)m(ys],)g
6197 (page)g(80\).)275 2393 y(After)41 b(all)i(expansions,)h
6198 Fs(quote)29 b(removal)40 b Ft(\(see)i(Section)h(3.5.9)g([Quote)f(Remo)m
6199 (v)-5 b(al],)47 b(page)42 b(26\))h(is)150 2502 y(p)s(erformed.)150
6200 2715 y Fk(3.5.1)63 b(Brace)40 b(Expansion)275 2955 y
6201 Ft(Brace)21 b(expansion)g(is)g(a)g(mec)m(hanism)g(b)m(y)g(whic)m(h)f
6202 (arbitrary)h(strings)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(generated.)38
6203 b(This)20 b(mec)m(h-)150 3064 y(anism)35 b(is)h(similar)f(to)h
6204 Fq(\014lename)g(expansion)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)f(3.5.8)h([Filename)g
6205 (Expansion],)f(page)g(24\),)150 3174 y(but)24 b(the)i(\014le)f(names)g
6206 (generated)h(need)f(not)g(exist.)40 b(P)m(atterns)26
6207 b(to)g(b)s(e)e(brace)i(expanded)e(tak)m(e)j(the)e(form)g(of)150
6208 3283 y(an)30 b(optional)h Fq(pream)m(ble)p Ft(,)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)g(b)m
6209 (y)f(either)g(a)h(series)f(of)g(comma-separated)i(strings)d(or)h(a)h
6210 (seqeunce)150 3393 y(expression)36 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(a)h(pair)e(of)i
6211 (braces,)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)e(an)g(optional)h Fq(p)s(ostscript)p
6212 Ft(.)57 b(The)36 b(pream)m(ble)g(is)150 3503 y(pre\014xed)28
6213 b(to)h(eac)m(h)h(string)f(con)m(tained)h(within)e(the)h(braces,)g(and)g
6214 (the)g(p)s(ostscript)f(is)h(then)f(app)s(ended)f(to)150
6215 3612 y(eac)m(h)32 b(resulting)e(string,)h(expanding)e(left)j(to)f(righ)
6216 m(t.)275 3743 y(Brace)37 b(expansions)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(nested.)59
6217 b(The)36 b(results)g(of)h(eac)m(h)g(expanded)f(string)g(are)h(not)g
6218 (sorted;)150 3852 y(left)31 b(to)g(righ)m(t)g(order)f(is)g(preserv)m
6219 (ed.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)390 3983 y Fs(bash$)46
6220 b(echo)h(a{d,c,b}e)390 4093 y(ade)g(ace)g(abe)275 4223
6221 y Ft(A)29 b(sequence)g(expression)g(tak)m(es)h(the)f(form)g
6222 Fs({)p Fj(x)p Fs(..)p Fj(y)11 b Fs([)p Fj(incr)g Fs(]})p
6223 Ft(,)25 b(where)k Fq(x)35 b Ft(and)28 b Fq(y)37 b Ft(are)29
6224 b(either)h(in)m(tegers)150 4333 y(or)42 b(single)h(c)m(haracters,)48
6225 b(and)41 b Fq(incr)p Ft(,)46 b(an)c(optional)i(incremen)m(t,)i(is)c(an)
6226 h(in)m(teger.)78 b(When)42 b(in)m(tegers)i(are)150 4442
6227 y(supplied,)f(the)f(expression)f(expands)f(to)i(eac)m(h)h(n)m(um)m(b)s
6228 (er)d(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i Fq(x)47 b Ft(and)41 b Fq(y)p
6229 Ft(,)j(inclusiv)m(e.)75 b(Supplied)150 4552 y(in)m(tegers)33
6230 b(ma)m(y)e(b)s(e)g(pre\014xed)f(with)h(`)p Fs(0)p Ft(')h(to)g(force)g
6231 (eac)m(h)g(term)g(to)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(the)g(same)g(width.)42
6232 b(When)31 b(either)150 4661 y Fq(x)43 b Ft(or)36 b Fq(y)44
6233 b Ft(b)s(egins)36 b(with)g(a)h(zero,)i(the)e(shell)g(attempts)g(to)g
6234 (force)g(all)h(generated)f(terms)g(to)g(con)m(tain)h(the)150
6235 4771 y(same)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(digits,)i(zero-padding)d(where)h
6236 (necessary)-8 b(.)57 b(When)35 b(c)m(haracters)i(are)f(supplied,)g(the)
6237 150 4881 y(expression)h(expands)g(to)h(eac)m(h)h(c)m(haracter)g
6238 (lexicographically)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)d Fq(x)44 b Ft(and)37
6239 b Fq(y)p Ft(,)i(inclusiv)m(e.)64 b(Note)150 4990 y(that)30
6240 b(b)s(oth)e Fq(x)35 b Ft(and)28 b Fq(y)37 b Ft(m)m(ust)29
6241 b(b)s(e)f(of)h(the)g(same)g(t)m(yp)s(e.)41 b(When)28
6242 b(the)i(incremen)m(t)f(is)g(supplied,)f(it)i(is)f(used)f(as)150
6243 5100 y(the)j(di\013erence)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(eac)m(h)h(term.)41
6244 b(The)30 b(default)g(incremen)m(t)h(is)g(1)f(or)h(-1)g(as)f
6245 (appropriate.)275 5230 y(Brace)36 b(expansion)g(is)f(p)s(erformed)f(b)s
6246 (efore)h(an)m(y)h(other)g(expansions,)h(and)e(an)m(y)g(c)m(haracters)i
6247 (sp)s(ecial)150 5340 y(to)32 b(other)g(expansions)g(are)g(preserv)m(ed)
6248 f(in)h(the)f(result.)45 b(It)32 b(is)g(strictly)g(textual.)46
6249 b(Bash)32 b(do)s(es)f(not)h(apply)p eop end
6250 %%Page: 19 25
6251 TeXDict begin 19 24 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
6252 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(19)150 299
6253 y(an)m(y)27 b(syn)m(tactic)i(in)m(terpretation)g(to)f(the)f(con)m(text)
6254 i(of)e(the)g(expansion)g(or)g(the)h(text)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)h
6255 (braces.)150 408 y(T)-8 b(o)37 b(a)m(v)m(oid)g(con\015icts)g(with)f
6256 (parameter)h(expansion,)g(the)g(string)f(`)p Fs(${)p
6257 Ft(')g(is)g(not)g(considered)g(eligible)i(for)150 518
6258 y(brace)31 b(expansion.)275 658 y(A)e(correctly-formed)i(brace)f
6259 (expansion)f(m)m(ust)h(con)m(tain)h(unquoted)e(op)s(ening)g(and)g
6260 (closing)i(braces,)150 768 y(and)h(at)i(least)g(one)f(unquoted)g(comma)
6261 g(or)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)33 b(sequence)g(expression.)48
6262 b(An)m(y)33 b(incorrectly)h(formed)150 877 y(brace)d(expansion)f(is)g
6263 (left)h(unc)m(hanged.)275 1017 y(A)25 b Fs({)g Ft(or)g(`)p
6264 Fs(,)p Ft(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(quoted)g(with)g(a)h(bac)m(kslash)f(to)h
6265 (prev)m(en)m(t)g(its)g(b)s(eing)f(considered)g(part)g(of)g(a)h(brace)
6266 150 1127 y(expression.)51 b(T)-8 b(o)34 b(a)m(v)m(oid)i(con\015icts)e
6267 (with)g(parameter)g(expansion,)h(the)f(string)g(`)p Fs(${)p
6268 Ft(')g(is)g(not)g(considered)150 1236 y(eligible)e(for)e(brace)h
6269 (expansion.)275 1376 y(This)f(construct)h(is)g(t)m(ypically)i(used)d
6270 (as)h(shorthand)f(when)g(the)h(common)g(pre\014x)f(of)h(the)g(strings)g
6271 (to)150 1486 y(b)s(e)f(generated)h(is)g(longer)g(than)f(in)g(the)g(ab)s
6272 (o)m(v)m(e)i(example:)390 1626 y Fs(mkdir)46 b
6273 (/usr/local/src/bash/{old,n)o(ew,)o(dist)o(,bug)o(s})275
6274 1766 y Ft(or)390 1905 y Fs(chown)g(root)h(/usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/)o
6275 ({ex?)o(.?*,)o(how)o(_ex})o(})150 2140 y Fk(3.5.2)63
6276 b(Tilde)41 b(Expansion)275 2390 y Ft(If)i(a)i(w)m(ord)e(b)s(egins)h
6277 (with)f(an)h(unquoted)f(tilde)i(c)m(haracter)h(\(`)p
6278 Fs(~)p Ft('\),)i(all)d(of)g(the)f(c)m(haracters)h(up)e(to)150
6279 2499 y(the)35 b(\014rst)f(unquoted)f(slash)i(\(or)g(all)g(c)m
6280 (haracters,)i(if)e(there)g(is)f(no)h(unquoted)e(slash\))i(are)g
6281 (considered)g(a)150 2609 y Fq(tilde-pre\014x)p Ft(.)55
6282 b(If)35 b(none)g(of)g(the)g(c)m(haracters)i(in)d(the)i(tilde-pre\014x)f
6283 (are)g(quoted,)i(the)e(c)m(haracters)i(in)e(the)150 2719
6284 y(tilde-pre\014x)27 b(follo)m(wing)h(the)f(tilde)h(are)f(treated)h(as)f
6285 (a)g(p)s(ossible)f Fq(login)i(name)p Ft(.)39 b(If)27
6286 b(this)f(login)i(name)f(is)g(the)150 2828 y(n)m(ull)k(string,)h(the)f
6287 (tilde)h(is)g(replaced)g(with)f(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)32
6288 b(of)f(the)h Fs(HOME)e Ft(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)45
6289 b(If)31 b Fs(HOME)f Ft(is)h(unset,)150 2938 y(the)37
6290 b(home)f(directory)h(of)g(the)f(user)g(executing)i(the)f(shell)f(is)h
6291 (substituted)f(instead.)59 b(Otherwise,)38 b(the)150
6292 3047 y(tilde-pre\014x)30 b(is)h(replaced)g(with)f(the)g(home)h
6293 (directory)g(asso)s(ciated)g(with)f(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(login)h
6294 (name.)275 3187 y(If)h(the)h(tilde-pre\014x)f(is)h(`)p
6295 Fs(~+)p Ft(',)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)g(the)g(shell)g(v)-5
6296 b(ariable)34 b Fs(PWD)d Ft(replaces)j(the)f(tilde-pre\014x.)47
6297 b(If)150 3297 y(the)31 b(tilde-pre\014x)f(is)g(`)p Fs(~-)p
6298 Ft(',)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g(the)f(shell)h(v)-5
6299 b(ariable)31 b Fs(OLDPWD)p Ft(,)e(if)h(it)h(is)g(set,)g(is)f
6300 (substituted.)275 3437 y(If)f(the)h(c)m(haracters)h(follo)m(wing)h(the)
6301 e(tilde)g(in)g(the)g(tilde-pre\014x)g(consist)g(of)g(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)s
6302 (er)d Fq(N)p Ft(,)j(optionally)150 3546 y(pre\014xed)22
6303 b(b)m(y)h(a)h(`)p Fs(+)p Ft(')f(or)h(a)f(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(',)j(the)d
6304 (tilde-pre\014x)g(is)h(replaced)f(with)g(the)h(corresp)s(onding)e
6305 (elemen)m(t)j(from)e(the)150 3656 y(directory)36 b(stac)m(k,)i(as)e(it)
6306 g(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g(the)f
6307 Fs(dirs)g Ft(builtin)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)g(c)m(haracters)
6308 150 3766 y(follo)m(wing)40 b(tilde)f(in)g(the)f(tilde-pre\014x)h(as)g
6309 (an)f(argumen)m(t)h(\(see)h(Section)f(6.8)h([The)e(Directory)i(Stac)m
6310 (k],)150 3875 y(page)c(81\).)57 b(If)35 b(the)g(tilde-pre\014x,)i(sans)
6311 e(the)h(tilde,)h(consists)f(of)g(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(without)i(a)f
6312 (leading)h(`)p Fs(+)p Ft(')g(or)150 3985 y(`)p Fs(-)p
6313 Ft(',)31 b(`)p Fs(+)p Ft(')f(is)h(assumed.)275 4125 y(If)e(the)i(login)
6314 g(name)g(is)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid,)31 b(or)g(the)f(tilde)h(expansion)f
6315 (fails,)i(the)e(w)m(ord)g(is)h(left)g(unc)m(hanged.)275
6316 4265 y(Eac)m(h)38 b(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(assignmen)m(t)h(is)e(c)m(hec)m
6317 (k)m(ed)j(for)d(unquoted)g(tilde-pre\014xes)h(immediately)g(follo)m
6318 (wing)150 4374 y(a)d(`)p Fs(:)p Ft(')g(or)g(the)g(\014rst)f(`)p
6319 Fs(=)p Ft('.)54 b(In)34 b(these)h(cases,)i(tilde)e(expansion)g(is)g
6320 (also)h(p)s(erformed.)52 b(Consequen)m(tly)-8 b(,)37
6321 b(one)150 4484 y(ma)m(y)27 b(use)e(\014le)h(names)g(with)g(tildes)g(in)
6322 g(assignmen)m(ts)h(to)g Fs(PATH)p Ft(,)f Fs(MAILPATH)p
6323 Ft(,)e(and)i Fs(CDPATH)p Ft(,)f(and)h(the)g(shell)150
6324 4593 y(assigns)31 b(the)f(expanded)g(v)-5 b(alue.)275
6325 4733 y(The)29 b(follo)m(wing)j(table)g(sho)m(ws)e(ho)m(w)g(Bash)h
6326 (treats)g(unquoted)e(tilde-pre\014xes:)150 4901 y Fs(~)432
6327 b Ft(The)30 b(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fs($HOME)150 5066
6328 y(~/foo)240 b Ft(`)p Fs($HOME/foo)p Ft(')150 5230 y Fs(~fred/foo)630
6329 5340 y Ft(The)30 b(sub)s(directory)f Fs(foo)h Ft(of)g(the)h(home)f
6330 (directory)h(of)g(the)f(user)g Fs(fred)p eop end
6331 %%Page: 20 26
6332 TeXDict begin 20 25 bop 150 -116 a Ft(20)2572 b(Bash)31
6333 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(~+/foo)192 b Ft(`)p
6334 Fs($PWD/foo)p Ft(')150 443 y Fs(~-/foo)g Ft(`)p Fs(${OLDPWD-'~-'}/foo)p
6335 Ft(')150 587 y Fs(~)p Fj(N)384 b Ft(The)30 b(string)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f
6336 (b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(`)p Fs(dirs)g(+)p
6337 Fj(N)11 b Ft(')150 732 y Fs(~+)p Fj(N)336 b Ft(The)30
6338 b(string)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(`)p
6339 Fs(dirs)g(+)p Fj(N)11 b Ft(')150 876 y Fs(~-)p Fj(N)336
6340 b Ft(The)30 b(string)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f(b)s(e)g(displa)m(y)m(ed)h(b)m
6341 (y)f(`)p Fs(dirs)g(-)p Fj(N)11 b Ft(')150 1077 y Fk(3.5.3)63
6342 b(Shell)41 b(P)m(arameter)f(Expansion)275 1314 y Ft(The)26
6343 b(`)p Fs($)p Ft(')i(c)m(haracter)h(in)m(tro)s(duces)e(parameter)h
6344 (expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)h(or)g(arithmetic)150
6345 1423 y(expansion.)38 b(The)22 b(parameter)h(name)f(or)g(sym)m(b)s(ol)h
6346 (to)g(b)s(e)e(expanded)h(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(enclosed)h(in)f(braces,)i
6347 (whic)m(h)150 1533 y(are)31 b(optional)g(but)f(serv)m(e)h(to)h(protect)
6348 f(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(to)g(b)s(e)f(expanded)g(from)g(c)m
6349 (haracters)i(immediately)150 1643 y(follo)m(wing)g(it)f(whic)m(h)f
6350 (could)g(b)s(e)g(in)m(terpreted)h(as)f(part)h(of)f(the)h(name.)275
6351 1769 y(When)44 b(braces)i(are)f(used,)j(the)e(matc)m(hing)g(ending)f
6352 (brace)g(is)g(the)g(\014rst)g(`)p Fs(})p Ft(')g(not)g(escap)s(ed)h(b)m
6353 (y)f(a)150 1879 y(bac)m(kslash)40 b(or)f(within)g(a)g(quoted)g(string,)
6354 j(and)c(not)i(within)e(an)h(em)m(b)s(edded)f(arithmetic)j(expansion,)
6355 150 1989 y(command)30 b(substitution,)g(or)h(parameter)g(expansion.)275
6356 2116 y(The)40 b(basic)h(form)g(of)g(parameter)h(expansion)e(is)h($)p
6357 Fs({)p Fq(parameter)7 b Fs(})p Ft(.)73 b(The)40 b(v)-5
6358 b(alue)42 b(of)f Fq(parameter)48 b Ft(is)150 2225 y(substituted.)43
6359 b(The)31 b(braces)g(are)h(required)e(when)h Fq(parameter)38
6360 b Ft(is)31 b(a)h(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(with)f(more)150
6361 2335 y(than)h(one)g(digit,)i(or)e(when)g Fq(parameter)39
6362 b Ft(is)32 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(a)h(c)m(haracter)h(that)e(is)h
6363 (not)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(in)m(terpreted)150 2444 y(as)f(part)f(of)g(its)h
6364 (name.)275 2571 y(If)26 b(the)i(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)e
6365 Fq(parameter)35 b Ft(is)27 b(an)g(exclamation)j(p)s(oin)m(t,)e(a)g(lev)
6366 m(el)h(of)e(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(indirection)150 2681
6367 y(is)38 b(in)m(tro)s(duced.)62 b(Bash)38 b(uses)f(the)h(v)-5
6368 b(alue)38 b(of)g(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(formed)e(from)g(the)h(rest)g
6369 (of)g Fq(parameter)45 b Ft(as)150 2790 y(the)32 b(name)h(of)f(the)h(v)
6370 -5 b(ariable;)34 b(this)e(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(is)g(then)f(expanded)f
6371 (and)h(that)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)h(used)e(in)h(the)h(rest)150
6372 2900 y(of)h(the)f(substitution,)i(rather)e(than)g(the)h(v)-5
6373 b(alue)34 b(of)g Fq(parameter)40 b Ft(itself.)51 b(This)33
6374 b(is)g(kno)m(wn)g(as)h Fs(indirect)150 3010 y(expansion)p
6375 Ft(.)81 b(The)44 b(exceptions)h(to)h(this)e(are)h(the)g(expansions)f
6376 (of)h($)p Fs({)p Ft(!)p Fq(pre\014x*)8 b Fs(})43 b Ft(and)h($)p
6377 Fs({)p Ft(!)p Fq(name)5 b Ft([)p Fs(@)p Ft(])p Fs(})150
6378 3119 y Ft(describ)s(ed)28 b(b)s(elo)m(w.)41 b(The)28
6379 b(exclamation)j(p)s(oin)m(t)f(m)m(ust)f(immediately)h(follo)m(w)g(the)g
6380 (left)f(brace)h(in)f(order)f(to)150 3229 y(in)m(tro)s(duce)i
6381 (indirection.)275 3356 y(In)39 b(eac)m(h)i(of)g(the)f(cases)h(b)s(elo)m
6382 (w,)i Fq(w)m(ord)h Ft(is)c(sub)5 b(ject)40 b(to)h(tilde)f(expansion,)j
6383 (parameter)e(expansion,)150 3465 y(command)30 b(substitution,)g(and)g
6384 (arithmetic)i(expansion.)275 3592 y(When)h(not)h(p)s(erforming)e
6385 (substring)h(expansion,)h(using)f(the)h(form)f(describ)s(ed)g(b)s(elo)m
6386 (w,)h(Bash)g(tests)150 3702 y(for)44 b(a)i(parameter)f(that)g(is)g
6387 (unset)f(or)h(n)m(ull.)84 b(Omitting)45 b(the)g(colon)h(results)e(in)g
6388 (a)i(test)f(only)g(for)g(a)150 3811 y(parameter)36 b(that)f(is)g
6389 (unset.)55 b(Put)34 b(another)i(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)38 b(if)d(the)g(colon)
6390 h(is)f(included,)h(the)f(op)s(erator)g(tests)h(for)150
6391 3921 y(b)s(oth)22 b Fq(parameter)7 b Ft('s)22 b(existence)i(and)e(that)
6392 h(its)g(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(is)g(not)f(n)m(ull;)k(if)c(the)h(colon)g(is)g
6393 (omitted,)i(the)e(op)s(erator)150 4031 y(tests)31 b(only)g(for)f
6394 (existence.)150 4175 y Fs(${)p Fj(parameter)11 b Fs(:)p
6395 Fp(\000)p Fj(word)g Fs(})630 4284 y Ft(If)30 b Fq(parameter)37
6396 b Ft(is)30 b(unset)g(or)h(n)m(ull,)f(the)h(expansion)f(of)g
6397 Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(is)c(substituted.)40 b(Otherwise,)630
6398 4394 y(the)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(of)h Fq(parameter)37
6399 b Ft(is)31 b(substituted.)150 4538 y Fs(${)p Fj(parameter)11
6400 b Fs(:=)p Fj(word)g Fs(})630 4648 y Ft(If)33 b Fq(parameter)40
6401 b Ft(is)33 b(unset)f(or)h(n)m(ull,)h(the)f(expansion)g(of)g
6402 Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(is)d(assigned)g(to)h Fq(parameter)p Ft(.)630
6403 4757 y(The)c(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)f Fq(parameter)38 b
6404 Ft(is)31 b(then)g(substituted.)42 b(P)m(ositional)33
6405 b(parameters)e(and)f(sp)s(ecial)630 4867 y(parameters)h(ma)m(y)g(not)f
6406 (b)s(e)g(assigned)h(to)g(in)f(this)g(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(.)150
6407 5011 y Fs(${)p Fj(parameter)11 b Fs(:?)p Fj(word)g Fs(})630
6408 5121 y Ft(If)26 b Fq(parameter)33 b Ft(is)26 b(n)m(ull)g(or)g(unset,)h
6409 (the)f(expansion)g(of)g Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(\(or)c(a)h(message)g(to)g(that)
6410 f(e\013ect)630 5230 y(if)i Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(is)d(not)g(presen)m(t\))h
6411 (is)f(written)g(to)h(the)f(standard)f(error)h(and)f(the)h(shell,)h(if)f
6412 (it)h(is)f(not)630 5340 y(in)m(teractiv)m(e,)33 b(exits.)42
6413 b(Otherwise,)30 b(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fq(parameter)38
6414 b Ft(is)30 b(substituted.)p eop end
6415 %%Page: 21 27
6416 TeXDict begin 21 26 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
6417 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(21)150 299
6418 y Fs(${)p Fj(parameter)11 b Fs(:+)p Fj(word)g Fs(})630
6419 408 y Ft(If)35 b Fq(parameter)42 b Ft(is)36 b(n)m(ull)f(or)h(unset,)g
6420 (nothing)g(is)f(substituted,)i(otherwise)e(the)h(expansion)630
6421 518 y(of)31 b Fq(w)m(ord)i Ft(is)e(substituted.)150 664
6422 y Fs(${)p Fj(parameter)11 b Fs(:)p Fj(offset)g Fs(})150
6423 774 y(${)p Fj(parameter)g Fs(:)p Fj(offset)g Fs(:)p Fj(le)o(ngt)o(h)g
6424 Fs(})630 883 y Ft(Expands)44 b(to)i(up)e(to)i Fq(length)g
6425 Ft(c)m(haracters)h(of)e Fq(parameter)53 b Ft(starting)46
6426 b(at)g(the)f(c)m(haracter)630 993 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)30
6427 b(b)m(y)h Fq(o\013set)p Ft(.)42 b(If)31 b Fq(length)g
6428 Ft(is)g(omitted,)h(expands)e(to)h(the)g(substring)f(of)g
6429 Fq(parameter)630 1103 y Ft(starting)38 b(at)g(the)f(c)m(haracter)i(sp)s
6430 (eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)g Fq(o\013set)p Ft(.)62 b Fq(length)38
6431 b Ft(and)f Fq(o\013set)j Ft(are)e(arithmetic)630 1212
6432 y(expressions)30 b(\(see)i(Section)g(6.5)g([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)h
6433 (page)g(78\).)43 b(This)30 b(is)h(referred)f(to)i(as)630
6434 1322 y(Substring)d(Expansion.)630 1450 y Fq(length)j
6435 Ft(m)m(ust)f(ev)-5 b(aluate)33 b(to)f(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(greater)i
6436 (than)f(or)g(equal)h(to)g(zero.)45 b(If)30 b Fq(o\013set)35
6437 b Ft(ev)-5 b(al-)630 1559 y(uates)36 b(to)h(a)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(less)
6438 i(than)f(zero,)j(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)36 b(is)g(used)f(as)g(an)h(o\013set)
6439 h(from)e(the)h(end)630 1669 y(of)i(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)38
6440 b(of)g Fq(parameter)p Ft(.)62 b(If)37 b Fq(parameter)45
6441 b Ft(is)37 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(',)j(the)d(result)h(is)f Fq(length)h
6442 Ft(p)s(ositional)630 1778 y(parameters)h(b)s(eginning)g(at)g
6443 Fq(o\013set)p Ft(.)68 b(If)39 b Fq(parameter)46 b Ft(is)39
6444 b(an)g(indexed)f(arra)m(y)i(name)f(sub-)630 1888 y(scripted)34
6445 b(b)m(y)g(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)h(the)f(result)g(is)g
6446 (the)g Fq(length)h Ft(mem)m(b)s(ers)e(of)h(the)g(arra)m(y)h(b)s
6447 (eginning)630 1998 y(with)25 b Fs(${)p Fj(parameter)11
6448 b Fs([)p Fj(offset)g Fs(]})p Ft(.)33 b(A)25 b(negativ)m(e)j
6449 Fq(o\013set)g Ft(is)e(tak)m(en)g(relativ)m(e)i(to)e(one)g(greater)630
6450 2107 y(than)g(the)h(maxim)m(um)f(index)g(of)g(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f
6451 (arra)m(y)-8 b(.)40 b(Substring)25 b(expansion)h(applied)g(to)630
6452 2217 y(an)k(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)e(pro)s(duces)e(unde\014ned)f
6453 (results.)630 2345 y(Note)37 b(that)f(a)g(negativ)m(e)i(o\013set)f(m)m
6454 (ust)f(b)s(e)f(separated)h(from)f(the)h(colon)h(b)m(y)e(at)i(least)g
6455 (one)630 2454 y(space)g(to)g(a)m(v)m(oid)g(b)s(eing)f(confused)f(with)h
6456 (the)h(`)p Fs(:-)p Ft(')f(expansion.)57 b(Substring)35
6457 b(indexing)h(is)630 2564 y(zero-based)24 b(unless)f(the)h(p)s
6458 (ositional)g(parameters)g(are)g(used,)g(in)g(whic)m(h)f(case)h(the)g
6459 (indexing)630 2673 y(starts)30 b(at)g(1)f(b)m(y)h(default.)40
6460 b(If)29 b Fq(o\013set)j Ft(is)e(0,)g(and)f(the)g(p)s(ositional)h
6461 (parameters)g(are)g(used,)f Fs($@)630 2783 y Ft(is)h(pre\014xed)g(to)h
6462 (the)f(list.)150 2929 y Fs(${!)p Fj(prefix)11 b Fs(*})150
6463 3039 y(${!)p Fj(prefix)g Fs(@})630 3148 y Ft(Expands)24
6464 b(to)h(the)g(names)g(of)g(v)-5 b(ariables)26 b(whose)f(names)f(b)s
6465 (egin)h(with)f Fq(pre\014x)p Ft(,)i(separated)f(b)m(y)630
6466 3258 y(the)k(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)j(of)e(the)g Fs(IFS)f
6467 Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(v)-5 b(ariable.)41 b(When)29 b(`)p Fs(@)p
6468 Ft(')g(is)g(used)f(and)h(the)g(expan-)630 3367 y(sion)35
6469 b(app)s(ears)g(within)f(double)h(quotes,)i(eac)m(h)f(v)-5
6470 b(ariable)36 b(name)f(expands)g(to)g(a)h(separate)630
6471 3477 y(w)m(ord.)150 3623 y Fs(${!)p Fj(name)11 b Fs([@]})150
6472 3733 y(${!)p Fj(name)g Fs([*]})630 3842 y Ft(If)26 b
6473 Fq(name)32 b Ft(is)27 b(an)f(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable,)29
6474 b(expands)d(to)h(the)g(list)g(of)g(arra)m(y)g(indices)g(\(k)m(eys\))h
6475 (assigned)630 3952 y(in)c Fq(name)p Ft(.)39 b(If)24 b
6476 Fq(name)30 b Ft(is)24 b(not)h(an)f(arra)m(y)-8 b(,)27
6477 b(expands)c(to)j(0)f(if)f Fq(name)30 b Ft(is)24 b(set)h(and)f(n)m(ull)g
6478 (otherwise.)630 4061 y(When)39 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')h(is)f(used)g(and)f
6479 (the)i(expansion)f(app)s(ears)g(within)f(double)h(quotes,)k(eac)m(h)d
6480 (k)m(ey)630 4171 y(expands)30 b(to)h(a)f(separate)i(w)m(ord.)150
6481 4317 y Fs(${#)p Fj(parameter)11 b Fs(})630 4427 y Ft(The)40
6482 b(length)g(in)g(c)m(haracters)i(of)e(the)h(expanded)e(v)-5
6483 b(alue)41 b(of)f Fq(parameter)47 b Ft(is)40 b(substituted.)630
6484 4536 y(If)i Fq(parameter)50 b Ft(is)43 b(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p
6485 Fs(@)p Ft(',)k(the)c(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(substituted)f(is)h(the)g(n)m(um)m
6486 (b)s(er)f(of)h(p)s(ositional)630 4646 y(parameters.)i(If)32
6487 b Fq(parameter)38 b Ft(is)32 b(an)g(arra)m(y)g(name)g(subscripted)f(b)m
6488 (y)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')h(or)g(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(',)g(the)g(v)-5
6489 b(alue)630 4755 y(substituted)30 b(is)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h
6490 (elemen)m(ts)i(in)e(the)h(arra)m(y)-8 b(.)150 4902 y
6491 Fs(${)p Fj(parameter)11 b Fs(#)p Fj(word)g Fs(})150 5011
6492 y(${)p Fj(parameter)g Fs(##)p Fj(word)g Fs(})630 5121
6493 y Ft(The)31 b Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(is)d(expanded)f(to)i(pro)s(duce)e(a)h
6494 (pattern)g(just)f(as)i(in)e(\014lename)h(expansion)g(\(see)630
6495 5230 y(Section)k(3.5.8)h([Filename)g(Expansion],)g(page)f(24\).)56
6496 b(If)35 b(the)h(pattern)f(matc)m(hes)i(the)e(b)s(e-)630
6497 5340 y(ginning)28 b(of)g(the)h(expanded)e(v)-5 b(alue)29
6498 b(of)f Fq(parameter)p Ft(,)h(then)f(the)g(result)g(of)h(the)f
6499 (expansion)g(is)p eop end
6500 %%Page: 22 28
6501 TeXDict begin 22 27 bop 150 -116 a Ft(22)2572 b(Bash)31
6502 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(the)36 b(expanded)f(v)-5
6503 b(alue)36 b(of)g Fq(parameter)43 b Ft(with)35 b(the)h(shortest)g(matc)m
6504 (hing)h(pattern)f(\(the)g(`)p Fs(#)p Ft(')630 408 y(case\))26
6505 b(or)f(the)g(longest)g(matc)m(hing)h(pattern)f(\(the)g(`)p
6506 Fs(##)p Ft(')g(case\))h(deleted.)39 b(If)24 b Fq(parameter)32
6507 b Ft(is)25 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')630 518 y(or)j(`)p Fs(*)p
6508 Ft(',)i(the)e(pattern)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)29 b(op)s(eration)g(is)f
6509 (applied)h(to)g(eac)m(h)g(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(in)630
6510 628 y(turn,)i(and)g(the)h(expansion)g(is)g(the)g(resultan)m(t)g(list.)
6511 45 b(If)32 b Fq(parameter)38 b Ft(is)32 b(an)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5
6512 b(ariable)630 737 y(subscripted)39 b(with)g(`)p Fs(@)p
6513 Ft(')h(or)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)j(the)d(pattern)h(remo)m(v)-5
6514 b(al)41 b(op)s(eration)f(is)g(applied)g(to)h(eac)m(h)630
6515 847 y(mem)m(b)s(er)30 b(of)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(in)f(turn,)f(and)h(the)h
6516 (expansion)f(is)g(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list.)150 993
6517 y Fs(${)p Fj(parameter)11 b Fs(\045)p Fj(word)g Fs(})150
6518 1103 y(${)p Fj(parameter)g Fs(\045\045)p Fj(word)g Fs(})630
6519 1212 y Ft(The)35 b Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(is)c(expanded)g(to)h(pro)s(duce)e(a)
6520 i(pattern)f(just)g(as)h(in)f(\014lename)h(expansion.)55
6521 b(If)630 1322 y(the)43 b(pattern)g(matc)m(hes)h(a)g(trailing)g(p)s
6522 (ortion)e(of)h(the)g(expanded)g(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(of)g
6523 Fq(parameter)p Ft(,)630 1431 y(then)c(the)g(result)g(of)h(the)f
6524 (expansion)g(is)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(of)f Fq(parameter)46
6525 b Ft(with)39 b(the)h(shortest)630 1541 y(matc)m(hing)31
6526 b(pattern)e(\(the)h(`)p Fs(\045)p Ft(')g(case\))h(or)e(the)h(longest)h
6527 (matc)m(hing)f(pattern)g(\(the)g(`)p Fs(\045\045)p Ft(')g(case\))630
6528 1650 y(deleted.)49 b(If)32 b Fq(parameter)40 b Ft(is)33
6529 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)h(the)f(pattern)g(remo)m(v)-5
6530 b(al)34 b(op)s(eration)g(is)f(applied)f(to)630 1760 y(eac)m(h)38
6531 b(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)g(in)f(turn,)h(and)e(the)h(expansion)g(is)h
6532 (the)f(resultan)m(t)h(list.)61 b(If)630 1870 y Fq(parameter)38
6533 b Ft(is)32 b(an)f(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(subscripted)e(with)h
6534 (`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(or)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)g(the)f(pattern)h(remo)m(v)-5
6535 b(al)630 1979 y(op)s(eration)30 b(is)g(applied)f(to)i(eac)m(h)g(mem)m
6536 (b)s(er)e(of)h(the)g(arra)m(y)g(in)f(turn,)g(and)g(the)h(expansion)g
6537 (is)630 2089 y(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list.)150 2235 y
6538 Fs(${)p Fj(parameter)11 b Fs(/)p Fj(pattern)g Fs(/)p
6539 Fj(s)o(tri)o(ng)f Fs(})630 2345 y Ft(The)37 b Fq(pattern)g
6540 Ft(is)g(expanded)g(to)h(pro)s(duce)e(a)h(pattern)g(just)g(as)h(in)e
6541 (\014lename)i(expansion.)630 2454 y Fq(P)m(arameter)46
6542 b Ft(is)38 b(expanded)f(and)g(the)i(longest)g(matc)m(h)g(of)f
6543 Fq(pattern)g Ft(against)h(its)f(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(is)630
6544 2564 y(replaced)34 b(with)e Fq(string)p Ft(.)49 b(If)33
6545 b Fq(pattern)g Ft(b)s(egins)g(with)f(`)p Fs(/)p Ft(',)j(all)f(matc)m
6546 (hes)g(of)f Fq(pattern)g Ft(are)h(re-)630 2673 y(placed)28
6547 b(with)f Fq(string)p Ft(.)40 b(Normally)28 b(only)f(the)h(\014rst)e
6548 (matc)m(h)j(is)e(replaced.)40 b(If)27 b Fq(pattern)g
6549 Ft(b)s(egins)630 2783 y(with)34 b(`)p Fs(#)p Ft(',)h(it)g(m)m(ust)f
6550 (matc)m(h)h(at)f(the)h(b)s(eginning)e(of)h(the)g(expanded)f(v)-5
6551 b(alue)35 b(of)f Fq(parameter)p Ft(.)630 2892 y(If)g
6552 Fq(pattern)g Ft(b)s(egins)g(with)g(`)p Fs(\045)p Ft(',)h(it)g(m)m(ust)f
6553 (matc)m(h)h(at)g(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)h(expanded)e(v)-5
6554 b(alue)35 b(of)630 3002 y Fq(parameter)p Ft(.)41 b(If)29
6555 b Fq(string)37 b Ft(is)29 b(n)m(ull,)h(matc)m(hes)h(of)e
6556 Fq(pattern)h Ft(are)g(deleted)g(and)f(the)g Fs(/)g Ft(follo)m(wing)630
6557 3112 y Fq(pattern)34 b Ft(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(omitted.)51
6558 b(If)33 b Fq(parameter)41 b Ft(is)33 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')h(or)g(`)p
6559 Fs(*)p Ft(',)g(the)g(substitution)f(op)s(eration)630
6560 3221 y(is)38 b(applied)g(to)g(eac)m(h)h(p)s(ositional)g(parameter)f(in)
6561 g(turn,)h(and)e(the)h(expansion)g(is)g(the)g(re-)630
6562 3331 y(sultan)m(t)f(list.)59 b(If)36 b Fq(parameter)43
6563 b Ft(is)36 b(an)g(arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(subscripted)e(with)h
6564 (`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(or)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)h(the)630 3440
6565 y(substitution)30 b(op)s(eration)h(is)f(applied)g(to)h(eac)m(h)g(mem)m
6566 (b)s(er)f(of)g(the)h(arra)m(y)g(in)f(turn,)f(and)h(the)630
6567 3550 y(expansion)g(is)h(the)f(resultan)m(t)h(list.)150
6568 3696 y Fs(${)p Fj(parameter)11 b Fs(^)p Fj(pattern)g
6569 Fs(})150 3806 y(${)p Fj(parameter)g Fs(^^)p Fj(pattern)g
6570 Fs(})150 3915 y(${)p Fj(parameter)p Fs(,)p Fj(pattern)g
6571 Fs(})150 4025 y(${)p Fj(parameter)p Fs(,,)p Fj(pattern)g
6572 Fs(})630 4134 y Ft(This)36 b(expansion)g(mo)s(di\014es)g(the)g(case)i
6573 (of)f(alphab)s(etic)g(c)m(haracters)h(in)e Fq(parameter)p
6574 Ft(.)59 b(The)630 4244 y Fq(pattern)31 b Ft(is)g(expanded)f(to)h(pro)s
6575 (duce)f(a)h(pattern)g(just)f(as)h(in)g(pathname)g(expansion.)41
6576 b(The)630 4354 y(`)p Fs(^)p Ft(')36 b(op)s(erator)g(con)m(v)m(erts)h
6577 (lo)m(w)m(ercase)h(letters)f(matc)m(hing)g Fq(pattern)f
6578 Ft(to)g(upp)s(ercase;)i(the)e(`)p Fs(,)p Ft(')630 4463
6579 y(op)s(erator)g(con)m(v)m(erts)i(matc)m(hing)f(upp)s(ercase)e(letters)i
6580 (to)g(lo)m(w)m(ercase.)59 b(The)36 b(`)p Fs(^^)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p
6581 Fs(,,)p Ft(')630 4573 y(expansions)c(con)m(v)m(ert)i(eac)m(h)g(matc)m
6582 (hed)f(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(the)h(expanded)f(v)-5 b(alue;)32
6583 b(the)g(`)p Fs(^)p Ft(')g(and)630 4682 y(`)p Fs(,)p Ft(')24
6584 b(expansions)f(matc)m(h)i(and)e(con)m(v)m(ert)j(only)d(the)h(\014rst)f
6585 (c)m(haracter)j(in)d(the)h(expanded)f(v)-5 b(alue.)630
6586 4792 y(If)31 b Fq(pattern)g Ft(is)g(omitted,)i(it)f(is)f(treated)h(lik)
6587 m(e)h(a)e(`)p Fs(?)p Ft(',)h(whic)m(h)f(matc)m(hes)i(ev)m(ery)f(c)m
6588 (haracter.)44 b(If)630 4902 y Fq(parameter)37 b Ft(is)31
6589 b(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')f(or)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)f(the)h(case)g(mo)s
6590 (di\014cation)g(op)s(eration)g(is)f(applied)g(to)i(eac)m(h)f(p)s(osi-)
6591 630 5011 y(tional)26 b(parameter)e(in)h(turn,)f(and)g(the)h(expansion)f
6592 (is)g(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list.)40 b(If)23 b Fq(parameter)32
6593 b Ft(is)630 5121 y(an)e(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31
6594 b(subscripted)d(with)i(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(')g(or)f(`)p Fs(*)p
6595 Ft(',)i(the)f(case)g(mo)s(di\014cation)h(op)s(eration)f(is)630
6596 5230 y(applied)d(to)g(eac)m(h)h(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(the)g(arra)m(y)g
6597 (in)g(turn,)g(and)f(the)h(expansion)f(is)h(the)g(resultan)m(t)630
6598 5340 y(list.)p eop end
6599 %%Page: 23 29
6600 TeXDict begin 23 28 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
6601 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(23)150 299
6602 y Fk(3.5.4)63 b(Command)41 b(Substitution)275 543 y Ft(Command)29
6603 b(substitution)i(allo)m(ws)h(the)f(output)g(of)g(a)g(command)g(to)g
6604 (replace)h(the)f(command)g(itself.)150 653 y(Command)e(substitution)h
6605 (o)s(ccurs)h(when)e(a)i(command)f(is)g(enclosed)h(as)g(follo)m(ws:)390
6606 788 y Fs($\()p Fj(command)11 b Fs(\))150 922 y Ft(or)390
6607 1057 y Fs(`)p Fj(command)g Fs(`)150 1192 y Ft(Bash)45
6608 b(p)s(erforms)f(the)h(expansion)f(b)m(y)h(executing)i
6609 Fq(command)h Ft(and)c(replacing)i(the)f(command)g(sub-)150
6610 1301 y(stitution)c(with)f(the)g(standard)g(output)g(of)g(the)g
6611 (command,)j(with)d(an)m(y)h(trailing)g(newlines)f(deleted.)150
6612 1411 y(Em)m(b)s(edded)30 b(newlines)h(are)h(not)f(deleted,)i(but)e
6613 (they)g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)i(during)d(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)
6614 44 b(The)150 1520 y(command)21 b(substitution)g Fs($\(cat)29
6615 b Fj(file)11 b Fs(\))20 b Ft(can)i(b)s(e)f(replaced)g(b)m(y)h(the)g
6616 (equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)22 b(but)f(faster)h Fs($\(<)30 b
6617 Fj(file)11 b Fs(\))p Ft(.)275 1655 y(When)33 b(the)i(old-st)m(yle)h
6618 (bac)m(kquote)f(form)f(of)g(substitution)g(is)g(used,)h(bac)m(kslash)f
6619 (retains)h(its)f(literal)150 1765 y(meaning)k(except)h(when)e(follo)m
6620 (w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(`)p Fs($)p Ft(',)j(`)p Fs(`)p Ft(',)f(or)e(`)p
6621 Fs(\\)p Ft('.)64 b(The)38 b(\014rst)f(bac)m(kquote)j(not)e(preceded)g
6622 (b)m(y)g(a)150 1874 y(bac)m(kslash)j(terminates)g(the)f(command)g
6623 (substitution.)69 b(When)40 b(using)g(the)g Fs($\()p
6624 Fj(command)11 b Fs(\))37 b Ft(form,)42 b(all)150 1984
6625 y(c)m(haracters)32 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)f(paren)m(theses)h(mak)m(e)
6626 g(up)f(the)g(command;)h(none)f(are)h(treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8
6627 b(.)275 2119 y(Command)22 b(substitutions)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(nested.)39
6628 b(T)-8 b(o)23 b(nest)g(when)f(using)h(the)g(bac)m(kquoted)h(form,)g
6629 (escap)s(e)150 2228 y(the)31 b(inner)e(bac)m(kquotes)j(with)e(bac)m
6630 (kslashes.)275 2363 y(If)e(the)i(substitution)e(app)s(ears)h(within)g
6631 (double)f(quotes,)i(w)m(ord)f(splitting)h(and)f(\014lename)g(expansion)
6632 150 2473 y(are)i(not)f(p)s(erformed)f(on)h(the)h(results.)150
6633 2697 y Fk(3.5.5)63 b(Arithmetic)40 b(Expansion)275 2942
6634 y Ft(Arithmetic)33 b(expansion)f(allo)m(ws)i(the)e(ev)-5
6635 b(aluation)34 b(of)f(an)f(arithmetic)i(expression)e(and)g(the)g
6636 (substi-)150 3051 y(tution)f(of)f(the)h(result.)40 b(The)30
6637 b(format)h(for)f(arithmetic)i(expansion)e(is:)390 3186
6638 y Fs($\(\()47 b Fj(expression)55 b Fs(\)\))275 3321 y
6639 Ft(The)33 b(expression)g(is)h(treated)g(as)g(if)g(it)g(w)m(ere)g
6640 (within)f(double)h(quotes,)h(but)e(a)h(double)f(quote)h(inside)150
6641 3430 y(the)27 b(paren)m(theses)g(is)g(not)g(treated)h(sp)s(ecially)-8
6642 b(.)41 b(All)27 b(tok)m(ens)h(in)e(the)h(expression)g(undergo)f
6643 (parameter)h(ex-)150 3540 y(pansion,)h(command)f(substitution,)h(and)f
6644 (quote)i(remo)m(v)-5 b(al.)41 b(Arithmetic)28 b(expansions)g(ma)m(y)g
6645 (b)s(e)f(nested.)275 3675 y(The)34 b(ev)-5 b(aluation)37
6646 b(is)f(p)s(erformed)e(according)i(to)g(the)g(rules)f(listed)h(b)s(elo)m
6647 (w)g(\(see)g(Section)g(6.5)h([Shell)150 3784 y(Arithmetic],)32
6648 b(page)f(78\).)42 b(If)30 b(the)h(expression)f(is)g(in)m(v)-5
6649 b(alid,)32 b(Bash)e(prin)m(ts)g(a)h(message)g(indicating)h(failure)150
6650 3894 y(to)f(the)g(standard)e(error)h(and)g(no)g(substitution)g(o)s
6651 (ccurs.)150 4118 y Fk(3.5.6)63 b(Pro)s(cess)42 b(Substitution)275
6652 4363 y Ft(Pro)s(cess)33 b(substitution)h(is)g(supp)s(orted)e(on)h
6653 (systems)h(that)h(supp)s(ort)d(named)h(pip)s(es)g(\()p
6654 Fl(fif)n(o)p Ft(s\))h(or)g(the)150 4472 y(`)p Fs(/dev/fd)p
6655 Ft(')29 b(metho)s(d)h(of)g(naming)g(op)s(en)g(\014les.)41
6656 b(It)30 b(tak)m(es)i(the)f(form)f(of)390 4607 y Fs(<\()p
6657 Fj(list)11 b Fs(\))150 4742 y Ft(or)390 4876 y Fs(>\()p
6658 Fj(list)g Fs(\))150 5011 y Ft(The)23 b(pro)s(cess)g Fq(list)j
6659 Ft(is)d(run)f(with)h(its)h(input)f(or)g(output)g(connected)h(to)h(a)e
6660 Fl(fif)n(o)g Ft(or)h(some)g(\014le)f(in)g(`)p Fs(/dev/fd)p
6661 Ft('.)150 5121 y(The)28 b(name)h(of)g(this)f(\014le)h(is)g(passed)f(as)
6662 h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(to)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f(command)h(as)f(the)h
6663 (result)g(of)g(the)150 5230 y(expansion.)40 b(If)28 b(the)h
6664 Fs(>\()p Fj(list)11 b Fs(\))26 b Ft(form)i(is)h(used,)f(writing)h(to)g
6665 (the)g(\014le)f(will)h(pro)m(vide)g(input)f(for)g Fq(list)p
6666 Ft(.)41 b(If)28 b(the)150 5340 y Fs(<\()p Fj(list)11
6667 b Fs(\))23 b Ft(form)h(is)i(used,)f(the)h(\014le)f(passed)g(as)g(an)g
6668 (argumen)m(t)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(read)g(to)h(obtain)g(the)f(output)g(of)
6669 p eop end
6670 %%Page: 24 30
6671 TeXDict begin 24 29 bop 150 -116 a Ft(24)2572 b(Bash)31
6672 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fq(list)p Ft(.)41 b(Note)31
6673 b(that)f(no)g(space)g(ma)m(y)g(app)s(ear)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)g
6674 Fs(<)f Ft(or)h Fs(>)f Ft(and)g(the)h(left)g(paren)m(thesis,)h
6675 (otherwise)150 408 y(the)g(construct)f(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)g(in)m
6676 (terpreted)h(as)f(a)h(redirection.)275 542 y(When)36
6677 b(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable,)40 b(pro)s(cess)c(substitution)h(is)f(p)s
6678 (erformed)f(sim)m(ultaneously)i(with)g(parameter)g(and)150
6679 652 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)g(and)g
6680 (arithmetic)i(expansion.)150 873 y Fk(3.5.7)63 b(W)-10
6681 b(ord)41 b(Splitting)275 1116 y Ft(The)35 b(shell)i(scans)f(the)g
6682 (results)g(of)g(parameter)h(expansion,)h(command)d(substitution,)j(and)
6683 e(arith-)150 1225 y(metic)31 b(expansion)g(that)g(did)e(not)i(o)s(ccur)
6684 f(within)g(double)g(quotes)h(for)f(w)m(ord)g(splitting.)275
6685 1359 y(The)43 b(shell)h(treats)h(eac)m(h)h(c)m(haracter)f(of)g
6686 Fs($IFS)e Ft(as)h(a)g(delimiter,)49 b(and)43 b(splits)h(the)h(results)e
6687 (of)i(the)150 1468 y(other)40 b(expansions)f(in)m(to)i(w)m(ords)e(on)h
6688 (these)g(c)m(haracters.)70 b(If)39 b Fs(IFS)g Ft(is)h(unset,)i(or)d
6689 (its)h(v)-5 b(alue)40 b(is)g(exactly)150 1578 y Fs
6690 (<space><tab><newline>)p Ft(,)26 b(the)32 b(default,)g(then)f
6691 (sequences)h(of)62 b Fs(<space>)p Ft(,)30 b Fs(<tab>)p
6692 Ft(,)h(and)f Fs(<newline>)150 1688 y Ft(at)39 b(the)f(b)s(eginning)g
6693 (and)f(end)h(of)g(the)h(results)f(of)g(the)g(previous)g(expansions)g
6694 (are)g(ignored,)j(and)d(an)m(y)150 1797 y(sequence)31
6695 b(of)g Fs(IFS)f Ft(c)m(haracters)j(not)e(at)g(the)g(b)s(eginning)g(or)f
6696 (end)h(serv)m(es)g(to)h(delimit)f(w)m(ords.)42 b(If)30
6697 b Fs(IFS)g Ft(has)150 1907 y(a)g(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(other)g(than)g(the)g
6698 (default,)g(then)f(sequences)h(of)g(the)g(whitespace)g(c)m(haracters)h
6699 Fs(space)e Ft(and)g Fs(tab)150 2016 y Ft(are)36 b(ignored)g(at)g(the)g
6700 (b)s(eginning)f(and)g(end)g(of)h(the)g(w)m(ord,)h(as)f(long)g(as)g(the)
6701 g(whitespace)h(c)m(haracter)g(is)150 2126 y(in)f(the)g(v)-5
6702 b(alue)36 b(of)g Fs(IFS)f Ft(\(an)h Fs(IFS)f Ft(whitespace)h(c)m
6703 (haracter\).)60 b(An)m(y)35 b(c)m(haracter)j(in)d Fs(IFS)g
6704 Ft(that)i(is)f(not)g Fs(IFS)150 2236 y Ft(whitespace,)27
6705 b(along)f(with)f(an)m(y)g(adjacen)m(t)h Fs(IFS)e Ft(whitespace)i(c)m
6706 (haracters,)i(delimits)e(a)f(\014eld.)38 b(A)26 b(sequence)150
6707 2345 y(of)35 b Fs(IFS)f Ft(whitespace)h(c)m(haracters)i(is)d(also)i
6708 (treated)g(as)f(a)g(delimiter.)55 b(If)34 b(the)h(v)-5
6709 b(alue)35 b(of)g Fs(IFS)f Ft(is)h(n)m(ull,)h(no)150 2455
6710 y(w)m(ord)30 b(splitting)h(o)s(ccurs.)275 2588 y(Explicit)44
6711 b(n)m(ull)f(argumen)m(ts)g(\()p Fs("")g Ft(or)h Fs('')p
6712 Ft(\))f(are)g(retained.)80 b(Unquoted)43 b(implicit)h(n)m(ull)f
6713 (argumen)m(ts,)150 2698 y(resulting)24 b(from)f(the)g(expansion)g(of)h
6714 (parameters)g(that)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(no)e(v)-5 b(alues,)25
6715 b(are)f(remo)m(v)m(ed.)40 b(If)23 b(a)g(parameter)150
6716 2807 y(with)30 b(no)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)g(expanded)e(within)h(double)
6717 g(quotes,)h(a)g(n)m(ull)f(argumen)m(t)h(results)f(and)g(is)g(retained.)
6718 275 2941 y(Note)h(that)g(if)g(no)f(expansion)g(o)s(ccurs,)g(no)h
6719 (splitting)g(is)f(p)s(erformed.)150 3162 y Fk(3.5.8)63
6720 b(Filename)41 b(Expansion)275 3405 y Ft(After)h(w)m(ord)g(splitting,)k
6721 (unless)c(the)g(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(option)h(has)f(b)s(een)g(set)g
6722 (\(see)i(Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)150 3515 y(Builtin],)48
6723 b(page)c(51\),)k(Bash)43 b(scans)h(eac)m(h)g(w)m(ord)f(for)g(the)h(c)m
6724 (haracters)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(',)i(`)p Fs(?)p Ft(',)g(and)42
6725 b(`)p Fs([)p Ft('.)80 b(If)43 b(one)h(of)150 3624 y(these)d(c)m
6726 (haracters)g(app)s(ears,)i(then)d(the)g(w)m(ord)g(is)g(regarded)g(as)h
6727 (a)g Fq(pattern)p Ft(,)i(and)c(replaced)i(with)f(an)150
6728 3734 y(alphab)s(etically)h(sorted)f(list)g(of)g(\014le)g(names)g(matc)m
6729 (hing)h(the)f(pattern.)68 b(If)40 b(no)f(matc)m(hing)i(\014le)f(names)
6730 150 3844 y(are)e(found,)g(and)f(the)h(shell)f(option)h
6731 Fs(nullglob)e Ft(is)h(disabled,)i(the)f(w)m(ord)f(is)h(left)g(unc)m
6732 (hanged.)62 b(If)37 b(the)150 3953 y Fs(nullglob)32 b
6733 Ft(option)i(is)g(set,)h(and)f(no)f(matc)m(hes)i(are)g(found,)e(the)h(w)
6734 m(ord)g(is)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)52 b(If)33 b(the)h Fs(failglob)150
6735 4063 y Ft(shell)27 b(option)g(is)g(set,)h(and)e(no)g(matc)m(hes)i(are)f
6736 (found,)f(an)h(error)f(message)i(is)e(prin)m(ted)g(and)g(the)h(command)
6737 150 4172 y(is)h(not)h(executed.)41 b(If)28 b(the)g(shell)h(option)g
6738 Fs(nocaseglob)c Ft(is)k(enabled,)g(the)f(matc)m(h)i(is)e(p)s(erformed)f
6739 (without)150 4282 y(regard)j(to)h(the)g(case)g(of)g(alphab)s(etic)g(c)m
6740 (haracters.)275 4415 y(When)21 b(a)i(pattern)f(is)g(used)g(for)f
6741 (\014lename)i(generation,)i(the)d(c)m(haracter)i(`)p
6742 Fs(.)p Ft(')e(at)h(the)f(start)h(of)f(a)h(\014lename)150
6743 4525 y(or)g(immediately)i(follo)m(wing)g(a)f(slash)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f
6744 (matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)-8 b(,)27 b(unless)c(the)g(shell)h(option)g
6745 Fs(dotglob)150 4635 y Ft(is)31 b(set.)45 b(When)31 b(matc)m(hing)h(a)g
6746 (\014le)f(name,)h(the)g(slash)f(c)m(haracter)i(m)m(ust)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)i
6747 (b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)h(explicitly)-8 b(.)150 4744 y(In)30
6748 b(other)g(cases,)i(the)e(`)p Fs(.)p Ft(')h(c)m(haracter)h(is)e(not)h
6749 (treated)g(sp)s(ecially)-8 b(.)275 4878 y(See)28 b(the)g(description)g
6750 (of)g Fs(shopt)e Ft(in)i(Section)g(4.3.2)i([The)e(Shopt)f(Builtin],)i
6751 (page)g(54,)g(for)f(a)g(descrip-)150 4987 y(tion)j(of)f(the)h
6752 Fs(nocaseglob)p Ft(,)d Fs(nullglob)p Ft(,)g Fs(failglob)p
6753 Ft(,)h(and)g Fs(dotglob)g Ft(options.)275 5121 y(The)j
6754 Fs(GLOBIGNORE)f Ft(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)f
6755 (to)i(restrict)g(the)g(set)f(of)h(\014lenames)f(matc)m(hing)i(a)150
6756 5230 y(pattern.)k(If)25 b Fs(GLOBIGNORE)e Ft(is)j(set,)h(eac)m(h)g
6757 (matc)m(hing)g(\014lename)f(that)g(also)h(matc)m(hes)f(one)g(of)g(the)g
6758 (patterns)150 5340 y(in)33 b Fs(GLOBIGNORE)d Ft(is)j(remo)m(v)m(ed)h
6759 (from)e(the)i(list)f(of)g(matc)m(hes.)50 b(The)33 b(\014lenames)g(`)p
6760 Fs(.)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(..)p Ft(')h(are)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)p
6761 eop end
6762 %%Page: 25 31
6763 TeXDict begin 25 30 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
6764 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(25)150 299
6765 y(ignored)33 b(when)e Fs(GLOBIGNORE)f Ft(is)j(set)g(and)f(not)h(n)m
6766 (ull.)48 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)35 b(setting)f Fs(GLOBIGNORE)c
6767 Ft(to)j(a)g(non-n)m(ull)150 408 y(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(has)f(the)h
6768 (e\013ect)h(of)f(enabling)g(the)g Fs(dotglob)e Ft(shell)h(option,)j(so)
6769 e(all)g(other)g(\014lenames)g(b)s(eginning)150 518 y(with)43
6770 b(a)h(`)p Fs(.)p Ft(')f(will)h(matc)m(h.)80 b(T)-8 b(o)44
6771 b(get)h(the)e(old)h(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(of)h(ignoring)f(\014lenames)h(b)s
6772 (eginning)f(with)g(a)150 628 y(`)p Fs(.)p Ft(',)c(mak)m(e)g(`)p
6773 Fs(.*)p Ft(')e(one)g(of)g(the)h(patterns)f(in)g Fs(GLOBIGNORE)p
6774 Ft(.)58 b(The)37 b Fs(dotglob)e Ft(option)j(is)f(disabled)g(when)150
6775 737 y Fs(GLOBIGNORE)28 b Ft(is)i(unset.)150 957 y Fk(3.5.8.1)63
6776 b(P)m(attern)40 b(Matc)m(hing)275 1200 y Ft(An)m(y)33
6777 b(c)m(haracter)i(that)f(app)s(ears)f(in)g(a)h(pattern,)g(other)g(than)f
6778 (the)g(sp)s(ecial)h(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h(de-)150
6779 1309 y(scrib)s(ed)30 b(b)s(elo)m(w,)h(matc)m(hes)h(itself.)43
6780 b(The)31 b Fl(nul)f Ft(c)m(haracter)i(ma)m(y)f(not)h(o)s(ccur)e(in)h(a)
6781 g(pattern.)42 b(A)31 b(bac)m(kslash)150 1419 y(escap)s(es)36
6782 b(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(c)m(haracter;)j(the)c(escaping)g(bac)m(kslash)g
6783 (is)f(discarded)g(when)g(matc)m(hing.)56 b(The)150 1528
6784 y(sp)s(ecial)31 b(pattern)f(c)m(haracters)i(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)e(quoted)i
6785 (if)f(they)h(are)f(to)i(b)s(e)d(matc)m(hed)i(literally)-8
6786 b(.)275 1661 y(The)29 b(sp)s(ecial)i(pattern)g(c)m(haracters)h(ha)m(v)m
6787 (e)f(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(meanings:)150 1818 y Fs(*)432
6788 b Ft(Matc)m(hes)31 b(an)m(y)e(string,)h(including)f(the)g(n)m(ull)g
6789 (string.)41 b(When)29 b(the)g Fs(globstar)e Ft(shell)i(option)630
6790 1927 y(is)37 b(enabled,)h(and)e(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')h(is)g(used)f(in)g(a)h
6791 (\014lename)g(expansion)g(con)m(text,)j(t)m(w)m(o)e(adjacen)m(t)g(`)p
6792 Fs(*)p Ft('s)630 2037 y(used)f(as)g(a)h(single)g(pattern)g(will)f(matc)
6793 m(h)i(all)f(\014les)f(and)g(zero)h(or)g(more)f(directories)i(and)630
6794 2147 y(sub)s(directories.)g(If)25 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)j(b)m(y)e(a)g(`)p
6795 Fs(/)p Ft(',)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(adjacen)m(t)h(`)p Fs(*)p Ft('s)e(will)g
6796 (matc)m(h)h(only)f(directories)630 2256 y(and)k(sub)s(directories.)150
6797 2413 y Fs(?)432 b Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(y)f(single)g(c)m(haracter.)
6798 150 2569 y Fs([...)o(])241 b Ft(Matc)m(hes)27 b(an)m(y)e(one)g(of)g
6799 (the)g(enclosed)g(c)m(haracters.)41 b(A)25 b(pair)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)
6800 i(separated)e(b)m(y)g(a)630 2679 y(h)m(yphen)i(denotes)h(a)g
6801 Fq(range)g(expression)p Ft(;)g(an)m(y)h(c)m(haracter)g(that)f(sorts)g
6802 (b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(those)h(t)m(w)m(o)630 2788 y(c)m(haracters,)f
6803 (inclusiv)m(e,)f(using)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale's)j(collating)g
6804 (sequence)e(and)f(c)m(haracter)630 2898 y(set,)31 b(is)f(matc)m(hed.)42
6805 b(If)30 b(the)g(\014rst)g(c)m(haracter)i(follo)m(wing)g(the)e(`)p
6806 Fs([)p Ft(')h(is)f(a)h(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')f(or)g(a)h(`)p
6807 Fs(^)p Ft(')g(then)f(an)m(y)630 3008 y(c)m(haracter)c(not)f(enclosed)g
6808 (is)g(matc)m(hed.)40 b(A)25 b(`)p Fp(\000)p Ft(')f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e
6809 (matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(including)h(it)g(as)g(the)630 3117
6810 y(\014rst)32 b(or)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)h(in)e(the)g(set.)50
6811 b(A)33 b(`)p Fs(])p Ft(')g(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(matc)m(hed)i(b)m(y)f
6812 (including)g(it)g(as)h(the)630 3227 y(\014rst)25 b(c)m(haracter)i(in)e
6813 (the)h(set.)40 b(The)25 b(sorting)h(order)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)h(in)f
6814 (range)g(expressions)f(is)630 3336 y(determined)e(b)m(y)g(the)g(curren)
6815 m(t)f(lo)s(cale)j(and)e(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)23 b(of)g(the)h
6816 Fs(LC_COLLATE)c Ft(shell)j(v)-5 b(ariable,)630 3446 y(if)30
6817 b(set.)630 3579 y(F)-8 b(or)34 b(example,)g(in)f(the)g(default)g(C)f
6818 (lo)s(cale,)k(`)p Fs([a-dx-z])p Ft(')31 b(is)i(equiv)-5
6819 b(alen)m(t)34 b(to)g(`)p Fs([abcdxyz])p Ft('.)630 3689
6820 y(Man)m(y)68 b(lo)s(cales)h(sort)f(c)m(haracters)h(in)e(dictionary)i
6821 (order,)76 b(and)67 b(in)g(these)h(lo)s(cales)630 3798
6822 y(`)p Fs([a-dx-z])p Ft(')36 b(is)i(t)m(ypically)i(not)e(equiv)-5
6823 b(alen)m(t)39 b(to)g(`)p Fs([abcdxyz])p Ft(';)g(it)g(migh)m(t)f(b)s(e)f
6824 (equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)630 3908 y(to)34 b(`)p Fs([aBbCcDdxXyYz])p
6825 Ft(',)c(for)j(example.)49 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(obtain)h(the)f(traditional)h
6826 (in)m(terpretation)h(of)630 4017 y(ranges)e(in)f(brac)m(k)m(et)i
6827 (expressions,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g(force)g(the)g(use)f(of)h(the)g(C)f(lo)s
6828 (cale)i(b)m(y)f(setting)630 4127 y(the)e Fs(LC_COLLATE)c
6829 Ft(or)k Fs(LC_ALL)d Ft(en)m(vironmen)m(t)j(v)-5 b(ariable)31
6830 b(to)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(`)p Fs(C)p Ft('.)630 4260
6831 y(Within)23 b(`)p Fs([)p Ft(')h(and)e(`)p Fs(])p Ft(',)j
6832 Fq(c)m(haracter)g(classes)j Ft(can)c(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(using)f
6833 (the)i(syn)m(tax)f Fs([:)p Fq(class)t Fs(:])p Ft(,)630
6834 4369 y(where)30 b Fq(class)35 b Ft(is)30 b(one)h(of)f(the)h(follo)m
6835 (wing)h(classes)f(de\014ned)e(in)h(the)h Fl(posix)f Ft(standard:)870
6836 4503 y Fs(alnum)142 b(alpha)g(ascii)f(blank)h(cntrl)g(digit)g(graph)g
6837 (lower)870 4612 y(print)g(punct)g(space)f(upper)h(word)190
6838 b(xdigit)630 4745 y Ft(A)42 b(c)m(haracter)h(class)f(matc)m(hes)h(an)m
6839 (y)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s(elonging)f(to)g(that)g(class.)75
6840 b(The)41 b Fs(word)630 4855 y Ft(c)m(haracter)32 b(class)f(matc)m(hes)h
6841 (letters,)f(digits,)h(and)d(the)i(c)m(haracter)h(`)p
6842 Fs(_)p Ft('.)630 4988 y(Within)25 b(`)p Fs([)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p
6843 Fs(])p Ft(',)i(an)e Fq(equiv)-5 b(alence)26 b(class)j
6844 Ft(can)24 b(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(using)g(the)g(syn)m(tax)h
6845 Fs([=)p Fq(c)6 b Fs(=])p Ft(,)630 5097 y(whic)m(h)29
6846 b(matc)m(hes)i(all)f(c)m(haracters)h(with)e(the)h(same)g(collation)h(w)
6847 m(eigh)m(t)g(\(as)f(de\014ned)e(b)m(y)i(the)630 5207
6848 y(curren)m(t)g(lo)s(cale\))j(as)d(the)h(c)m(haracter)h
6849 Fq(c)p Ft(.)630 5340 y(Within)22 b(`)p Fs([)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p
6850 Fs(])p Ft(',)j(the)d(syn)m(tax)h Fs([.)p Fq(sym)m(b)s(ol)t
6851 Fs(.])e Ft(matc)m(hes)i(the)g(collating)i(sym)m(b)s(ol)d
6852 Fq(sym)m(b)s(ol)p Ft(.)p eop end
6853 %%Page: 26 32
6854 TeXDict begin 26 31 bop 150 -116 a Ft(26)2572 b(Bash)31
6855 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)275 299 y(If)e(the)g Fs(extglob)f
6856 Ft(shell)h(option)h(is)g(enabled)f(using)g(the)h Fs(shopt)e
6857 Ft(builtin,)h(sev)m(eral)i(extended)f(pattern)150 408
6858 y(matc)m(hing)37 b(op)s(erators)e(are)h(recognized.)58
6859 b(In)35 b(the)g(follo)m(wing)i(description,)g(a)f Fq(pattern-list)j
6860 Ft(is)d(a)g(list)g(of)150 518 y(one)d(or)f(more)h(patterns)f(separated)
6861 h(b)m(y)f(a)h(`)p Fs(|)p Ft('.)47 b(Comp)s(osite)33 b(patterns)f(ma)m
6862 (y)i(b)s(e)d(formed)h(using)g(one)h(or)150 628 y(more)e(of)f(the)h
6863 (follo)m(wing)g(sub-patterns:)150 790 y Fs(?\()p Fj(pattern-list)11
6864 b Fs(\))630 899 y Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(zero)f(or)g(one)f(o)s(ccurrence)h
6865 (of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)150 1060 y Fs(*\()p
6866 Fj(pattern-list)11 b Fs(\))630 1170 y Ft(Matc)m(hes)32
6867 b(zero)f(or)g(more)f(o)s(ccurrences)h(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g(patterns.)
6868 150 1331 y Fs(+\()p Fj(pattern-list)11 b Fs(\))630 1440
6869 y Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(one)f(or)f(more)h(o)s(ccurrences)f(of)h(the)f(giv)
6870 m(en)i(patterns.)150 1601 y Fs(@\()p Fj(pattern-list)11
6871 b Fs(\))630 1711 y Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(one)f(of)f(the)h(giv)m(en)g
6872 (patterns.)150 1872 y Fs(!\()p Fj(pattern-list)11 b Fs(\))630
6873 1982 y Ft(Matc)m(hes)32 b(an)m(ything)f(except)g(one)g(of)f(the)h(giv)m
6874 (en)g(patterns.)150 2209 y Fk(3.5.9)63 b(Quote)41 b(Remo)m(v)-7
6875 b(al)275 2455 y Ft(After)32 b(the)h(preceding)f(expansions,)h(all)g
6876 (unquoted)f(o)s(ccurrences)g(of)h(the)f(c)m(haracters)i(`)p
6877 Fs(\\)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(')p Ft(',)h(and)150 2565 y(`)p
6878 Fs(")p Ft(')d(that)g(did)e(not)i(result)f(from)g(one)h(of)f(the)h(ab)s
6879 (o)m(v)m(e)g(expansions)f(are)h(remo)m(v)m(ed.)150 2826
6880 y Fr(3.6)68 b(Redirections)275 3072 y Ft(Before)33 b(a)h(command)e(is)h
6881 (executed,)i(its)e(input)f(and)h(output)f(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e
6882 Fq(redirected)37 b Ft(using)32 b(a)h(sp)s(ecial)150 3181
6883 y(notation)g(in)m(terpreted)g(b)m(y)f(the)g(shell.)46
6884 b(Redirection)33 b(ma)m(y)g(also)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(op)s(en)e(and)h
6885 (close)h(\014les)f(for)150 3291 y(the)h(curren)m(t)g(shell)g(execution)
6886 h(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)49 b(The)33 b(follo)m(wing)h(redirection)g(op)s
6887 (erators)f(ma)m(y)h(precede)150 3401 y(or)29 b(app)s(ear)g(an)m(ywhere)
6888 g(within)g(a)h(simple)f(command)g(or)h(ma)m(y)g(follo)m(w)g(a)g
6889 (command.)40 b(Redirections)31 b(are)150 3510 y(pro)s(cessed)f(in)g
6890 (the)g(order)g(they)h(app)s(ear,)f(from)g(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)275
6891 3646 y(In)c(the)i(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)g(if)e(the)h(\014le)g
6892 (descriptor)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(is)g(omitted,)i(and)f(the)f(\014rst)g
6893 (c)m(har-)150 3756 y(acter)42 b(of)f(the)g(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g
6894 (is)g(`)p Fs(<)p Ft(',)i(the)e(redirection)g(refers)g(to)g(the)g
6895 (standard)f(input)f(\(\014le)150 3866 y(descriptor)33
6896 b(0\).)49 b(If)33 b(the)g(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(of)g(the)f
6897 (redirection)g(op)s(erator)h(is)f(`)p Fs(>)p Ft(',)h(the)f(redirection)
6898 g(refers)150 3975 y(to)e(the)g(standard)e(output)h(\(\014le)h
6899 (descriptor)f(1\).)275 4111 y(The)h(w)m(ord)h(follo)m(wing)i(the)f
6900 (redirection)g(op)s(erator)f(in)g(the)h(follo)m(wing)h(descriptions,)f
6901 (unless)e(other-)150 4221 y(wise)21 b(noted,)i(is)e(sub)5
6902 b(jected)21 b(to)h(brace)f(expansion,)i(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter)
6903 e(expansion,)i(command)150 4330 y(substitution,)31 b(arithmetic)h
6904 (expansion,)f(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)33 b(\014lename)e(expansion,)g
6905 (and)f(w)m(ord)h(splitting.)150 4440 y(If)f(it)h(expands)e(to)i(more)g
6906 (than)f(one)h(w)m(ord,)f(Bash)h(rep)s(orts)e(an)h(error.)275
6907 4576 y(Note)h(that)g(the)g(order)f(of)g(redirections)h(is)g
6908 (signi\014can)m(t.)41 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)h(the)e(command)390
6909 4712 y Fs(ls)47 b(>)h Fj(dirlist)56 b Fs(2>&1)150 4848
6910 y Ft(directs)28 b(b)s(oth)f(standard)g(output)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f
6911 (1\))i(and)e(standard)f(error)i(\(\014le)g(descriptor)f(2\))h(to)h(the)
6912 150 4958 y(\014le)h Fq(dirlist)p Ft(,)h(while)f(the)h(command)390
6913 5094 y Fs(ls)47 b(2>&1)g(>)g Fj(dirlist)150 5230 y Ft(directs)34
6914 b(only)g(the)f(standard)g(output)g(to)h(\014le)g Fq(dirlist)p
6915 Ft(,)h(b)s(ecause)e(the)h(standard)f(error)g(w)m(as)h(duplicated)150
6916 5340 y(as)d(standard)e(output)h(b)s(efore)g(the)h(standard)e(output)h
6917 (w)m(as)h(redirected)g(to)g Fq(dirlist)p Ft(.)p eop end
6918 %%Page: 27 33
6919 TeXDict begin 27 32 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
6920 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(27)275 299
6921 y(Bash)26 b(handles)f(sev)m(eral)j(\014lenames)e(sp)s(ecially)h(when)f
6922 (they)g(are)g(used)g(in)g(redirections,)i(as)e(describ)s(ed)150
6923 408 y(in)k(the)h(follo)m(wing)g(table:)150 559 y Fs(/dev/fd/)p
6924 Fj(fd)630 669 y Ft(If)f Fq(fd)j Ft(is)d(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)31
6925 b(in)m(teger,)h(\014le)e(descriptor)h Fq(fd)i Ft(is)d(duplicated.)150
6926 820 y Fs(/dev/stdin)630 929 y Ft(File)i(descriptor)e(0)h(is)f
6927 (duplicated.)150 1080 y Fs(/dev/stdout)630 1190 y Ft(File)i(descriptor)
6928 e(1)h(is)f(duplicated.)150 1341 y Fs(/dev/stderr)630
6929 1450 y Ft(File)i(descriptor)e(2)h(is)f(duplicated.)150
6930 1601 y Fs(/dev/tcp/)p Fj(host)11 b Fs(/)p Fj(port)630
6931 1711 y Ft(If)41 b Fq(host)i Ft(is)f(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)41
6932 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c Fq(p)s(ort)j
6933 Ft(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 1820 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)h(or)h
6934 (service)h(name,)j(Bash)c(attempts)h(to)g(op)s(en)f(a)g(TCP)g
6935 (connection)h(to)g(the)630 1930 y(corresp)s(onding)29
6936 b(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)150 2081 y Fs(/dev/udp/)p Fj(host)11
6937 b Fs(/)p Fj(port)630 2190 y Ft(If)41 b Fq(host)i Ft(is)f(a)g(v)-5
6938 b(alid)41 b(hostname)h(or)f(In)m(ternet)h(address,)i(and)c
6939 Fq(p)s(ort)j Ft(is)f(an)f(in)m(teger)i(p)s(ort)630 2300
6940 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g(or)i(service)g(name,)k(Bash)c(attempts)g(to)h(op)s
6941 (en)e(a)h(UDP)g(connection)g(to)h(the)630 2410 y(corresp)s(onding)29
6942 b(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)275 2560 y(A)h(failure)h(to)g(op)s(en)e(or)i(create)
6943 h(a)e(\014le)h(causes)g(the)f(redirection)h(to)g(fail.)275
6944 2691 y(Redirections)f(using)e(\014le)i(descriptors)f(greater)h(than)f
6945 (9)h(should)e(b)s(e)h(used)f(with)h(care,)h(as)g(they)f(ma)m(y)150
6946 2800 y(con\015ict)i(with)f(\014le)h(descriptors)f(the)g(shell)h(uses)f
6947 (in)m(ternally)-8 b(.)150 3012 y Fk(3.6.1)63 b(Redirecting)40
6948 b(Input)275 3251 y Ft(Redirection)35 b(of)f(input)g(causes)g(the)h
6949 (\014le)f(whose)g(name)h(results)f(from)g(the)g(expansion)g(of)h
6950 Fq(w)m(ord)i Ft(to)150 3361 y(b)s(e)d(op)s(ened)g(for)g(reading)g(on)h
6951 (\014le)f(descriptor)h Fs(n)p Ft(,)g(or)g(the)f(standard)g(input)g
6952 (\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(0\))h(if)g Fs(n)f Ft(is)150
6953 3471 y(not)d(sp)s(eci\014ed.)275 3601 y(The)e(general)j(format)e(for)h
6954 (redirecting)g(input)e(is:)390 3731 y Fs([)p Fj(n)11
6955 b Fs(]<)p Fj(word)150 3942 y Fk(3.6.2)63 b(Redirecting)40
6956 b(Output)275 4182 y Ft(Redirection)31 b(of)f(output)g(causes)h(the)g
6957 (\014le)f(whose)g(name)h(results)f(from)f(the)i(expansion)f(of)h
6958 Fq(w)m(ord)i Ft(to)150 4292 y(b)s(e)e(op)s(ened)g(for)g(writing)h(on)f
6959 (\014le)h(descriptor)f Fq(n)p Ft(,)h(or)f(the)h(standard)f(output)g
6960 (\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(1\))h(if)g Fq(n)f Ft(is)150
6961 4401 y(not)j(sp)s(eci\014ed.)50 b(If)33 b(the)h(\014le)g(do)s(es)f(not)
6962 h(exist)g(it)g(is)g(created;)j(if)c(it)h(do)s(es)g(exist)g(it)g(is)g
6963 (truncated)g(to)g(zero)150 4511 y(size.)275 4641 y(The)29
6964 b(general)j(format)e(for)h(redirecting)g(output)f(is:)390
6965 4771 y Fs([)p Fj(n)11 b Fs(]>[|])p Fj(word)275 4902 y
6966 Ft(If)30 b(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)g(`)p
6967 Fs(>)p Ft(',)g(and)f(the)h Fs(noclobber)d Ft(option)j(to)g(the)g
6968 Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)g(has)h(b)s(een)150 5011 y(enabled,)i(the)f
6969 (redirection)h(will)f(fail)h(if)f(the)g(\014le)g(whose)g(name)g
6970 (results)g(from)g(the)g(expansion)g(of)g Fq(w)m(ord)150
6971 5121 y Ft(exists)f(and)f(is)g(a)h(regular)g(\014le.)41
6972 b(If)30 b(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)f(`)p
6973 Fs(>|)p Ft(',)h(or)f(the)h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)150
6974 5230 y(`)p Fs(>)p Ft(')36 b(and)f(the)g Fs(noclobber)e
6975 Ft(option)j(is)g(not)g(enabled,)h(the)e(redirection)h(is)g(attempted)g
6976 (ev)m(en)h(if)e(the)h(\014le)150 5340 y(named)30 b(b)m(y)g
6977 Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(exists.)p eop end
6978 %%Page: 28 34
6979 TeXDict begin 28 33 bop 150 -116 a Ft(28)2572 b(Bash)31
6980 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fk(3.6.3)63 b(App)s(ending)42
6981 b(Redirected)e(Output)275 541 y Ft(Redirection)29 b(of)g(output)f(in)g
6982 (this)h(fashion)f(causes)h(the)g(\014le)g(whose)f(name)h(results)f
6983 (from)g(the)h(expan-)150 651 y(sion)34 b(of)f Fq(w)m(ord)k
6984 Ft(to)e(b)s(e)e(op)s(ened)g(for)g(app)s(ending)f(on)i(\014le)f
6985 (descriptor)h Fq(n)p Ft(,)g(or)g(the)f(standard)g(output)g(\(\014le)150
6986 760 y(descriptor)d(1\))h(if)g Fq(n)f Ft(is)g(not)h(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40
6987 b(If)29 b(the)i(\014le)f(do)s(es)h(not)f(exist)h(it)g(is)g(created.)275
6988 893 y(The)e(general)j(format)e(for)h(app)s(ending)e(output)h(is:)390
6989 1026 y Fs([)p Fj(n)11 b Fs(]>>)p Fj(word)150 1245 y Fk(3.6.4)63
6990 b(Redirecting)40 b(Standard)h(Output)g(and)g(Standard)g(Error)275
6991 1487 y Ft(This)23 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)h(b)s(oth)e(the)h(standard)f
6992 (output)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(1\))i(and)e(the)h(standard)e(error)
6993 150 1597 y(output)30 b(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(2\))h(to)g(b)s(e)f
6994 (redirected)h(to)g(the)f(\014le)h(whose)f(name)h(is)f(the)g(expansion)h
6995 (of)f Fq(w)m(ord)p Ft(.)275 1729 y(There)f(are)i(t)m(w)m(o)h(formats)e
6996 (for)h(redirecting)g(standard)e(output)h(and)g(standard)f(error:)390
6997 1862 y Fs(&>)p Fj(word)150 1995 y Ft(and)390 2127 y Fs(>&)p
6998 Fj(word)150 2260 y Ft(Of)h(the)g(t)m(w)m(o)i(forms,)e(the)h(\014rst)e
6999 (is)i(preferred.)39 b(This)30 b(is)g(seman)m(tically)j(equiv)-5
7000 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)390 2393 y Fs(>)p Fj(word)57 b Fs(2>&1)150
7001 2612 y Fk(3.6.5)63 b(App)s(ending)42 b(Standard)f(Output)g(and)g
7002 (Standard)g(Error)275 2854 y Ft(This)23 b(construct)i(allo)m(ws)h(b)s
7003 (oth)e(the)h(standard)f(output)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(1\))i(and)e
7004 (the)h(standard)e(error)150 2964 y(output)30 b(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f
7005 (2\))h(to)g(b)s(e)f(app)s(ended)f(to)i(the)f(\014le)h(whose)f(name)g
7006 (is)h(the)f(expansion)h(of)f Fq(w)m(ord)p Ft(.)275 3096
7007 y(The)f(format)i(for)f(app)s(ending)f(standard)h(output)g(and)f
7008 (standard)h(error)g(is:)390 3229 y Fs(&>>)p Fj(word)150
7009 3362 y Ft(This)g(is)g(seman)m(tically)j(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32
7010 b(to)390 3494 y Fs(>>)p Fj(word)57 b Fs(2>&1)150 3713
7011 y Fk(3.6.6)63 b(Here)41 b(Do)s(cumen)m(ts)275 3956 y
7012 Ft(This)28 b(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)h(redirection)g(instructs)f(the)g(shell)h
7013 (to)g(read)f(input)f(from)h(the)g(curren)m(t)h(source)f(un)m(til)h(a)
7014 150 4065 y(line)h(con)m(taining)g(only)g Fq(w)m(ord)i
7015 Ft(\(with)d(no)h(trailing)g(blanks\))f(is)g(seen.)41
7016 b(All)31 b(of)f(the)h(lines)f(read)g(up)f(to)i(that)150
7017 4175 y(p)s(oin)m(t)f(are)h(then)f(used)g(as)g(the)h(standard)f(input)f
7018 (for)h(a)h(command.)275 4307 y(The)e(format)i(of)g(here-do)s(cumen)m
7019 (ts)f(is:)390 4440 y Fs(<<[)p Fp(\000)p Fs(])p Fj(word)772
7020 4550 y(here-document)390 4659 y(delimiter)275 4792 y
7021 Ft(No)j(parameter)h(expansion,)g(command)f(substitution,)h(arithmetic)h
7022 (expansion,)f(or)f(\014lename)g(ex-)150 4902 y(pansion)i(is)g(p)s
7023 (erformed)e(on)i Fq(w)m(ord)p Ft(.)55 b(If)34 b(an)m(y)i(c)m(haracters)
7024 g(in)f Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(are)d(quoted,)i(the)e Fq(delimiter)43
7025 b Ft(is)35 b(the)150 5011 y(result)40 b(of)h(quote)g(remo)m(v)-5
7026 b(al)42 b(on)e Fq(w)m(ord)p Ft(,)j(and)d(the)g(lines)h(in)f(the)h
7027 (here-do)s(cumen)m(t)f(are)h(not)f(expanded.)150 5121
7028 y(If)32 b Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(is)d(unquoted,)f(all)i(lines)f(of)f(the)h
7029 (here-do)s(cumen)m(t)g(are)g(sub)5 b(jected)32 b(to)i(parameter)f
7030 (expansion,)150 5230 y(command)25 b(substitution,)g(and)g(arithmetic)h
7031 (expansion.)39 b(In)24 b(the)h(latter)h(case,)h(the)e(c)m(haracter)i
7032 (sequence)150 5340 y Fs(\\newline)h Ft(is)j(ignored,)f(and)g(`)p
7033 Fs(\\)p Ft(')h(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)i(quote)g(the)g(c)m
7034 (haracters)h(`)p Fs(\\)p Ft(',)e(`)p Fs($)p Ft(',)h(and)f(`)p
7035 Fs(`)p Ft('.)p eop end
7036 %%Page: 29 35
7037 TeXDict begin 29 34 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
7038 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(29)275 299
7039 y(If)21 b(the)i(redirection)g(op)s(erator)g(is)f(`)p
7040 Fs(<<-)p Ft(',)i(then)e(all)h(leading)g(tab)g(c)m(haracters)h(are)e
7041 (stripp)s(ed)f(from)h(input)150 408 y(lines)33 b(and)f(the)h(line)h
7042 (con)m(taining)g Fq(delimiter)p Ft(.)49 b(This)32 b(allo)m(ws)i
7043 (here-do)s(cumen)m(ts)f(within)f(shell)i(scripts)e(to)150
7044 518 y(b)s(e)e(inden)m(ted)g(in)g(a)h(natural)f(fashion.)150
7045 762 y Fk(3.6.7)63 b(Here)41 b(Strings)275 1016 y Ft(A)30
7046 b(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31 b(of)g(here)f(do)s(cumen)m(ts,)g(the)h(format)g
7047 (is:)390 1161 y Fs(<<<)47 b Fj(word)275 1305 y Ft(The)29
7048 b Fq(w)m(ord)34 b Ft(is)c(expanded)g(and)g(supplied)f(to)i(the)f
7049 (command)h(on)f(its)h(standard)e(input.)150 1549 y Fk(3.6.8)63
7050 b(Duplicating)41 b(File)g(Descriptors)275 1803 y Ft(The)29
7051 b(redirection)i(op)s(erator)390 1948 y Fs([)p Fj(n)11
7052 b Fs(]<&)p Fj(word)150 2092 y Ft(is)35 b(used)e(to)j(duplicate)f(input)
7053 f(\014le)g(descriptors.)53 b(If)34 b Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(expands)c(to)h
7054 (one)g(or)g(more)g(digits,)h(the)f(\014le)150 2202 y(descriptor)e
7055 (denoted)h(b)m(y)g Fq(n)f Ft(is)g(made)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(a)h(cop)m(y)g(of)
7056 g(that)g(\014le)g(descriptor.)50 b(If)33 b(the)h(digits)g(in)f
7057 Fq(w)m(ord)150 2311 y Ft(do)c(not)h(sp)s(ecify)f(a)h(\014le)f
7058 (descriptor)g(op)s(en)g(for)g(input,)g(a)h(redirection)g(error)f(o)s
7059 (ccurs.)40 b(If)29 b Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(ev)-5 b(aluates)150
7060 2421 y(to)31 b(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(',)g(\014le)g(descriptor)g
7061 Fq(n)f Ft(is)g(closed.)43 b(If)30 b Fq(n)g Ft(is)g(not)h(sp)s
7062 (eci\014ed,)f(the)h(standard)f(input)g(\(\014le)h(descriptor)f(0\))150
7063 2531 y(is)g(used.)275 2675 y(The)f(op)s(erator)390 2819
7064 y Fs([)p Fj(n)11 b Fs(]>&)p Fj(word)150 2964 y Ft(is)40
7065 b(used)g(similarly)h(to)g(duplicate)f(output)g(\014le)h(descriptors.)70
7066 b(If)40 b Fq(n)f Ft(is)i(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed,)i(the)f(standard)150
7067 3073 y(output)30 b(\(\014le)g(descriptor)g(1\))h(is)f(used.)39
7068 b(If)30 b(the)g(digits)h(in)e Fq(w)m(ord)34 b Ft(do)29
7069 b(not)i(sp)s(ecify)e(a)i(\014le)f(descriptor)g(op)s(en)150
7070 3183 y(for)38 b(output,)i(a)e(redirection)h(error)f(o)s(ccurs.)63
7071 b(As)38 b(a)h(sp)s(ecial)f(case,)k(if)c Fq(n)f Ft(is)h(omitted,)k(and)
7072 37 b Fq(w)m(ord)k Ft(do)s(es)150 3293 y(not)28 b(expand)f(to)i(one)f
7073 (or)f(more)h(digits,)i(the)e(standard)e(output)i(and)f(standard)g
7074 (error)g(are)i(redirected)f(as)150 3402 y(describ)s(ed)h(previously)-8
7075 b(.)150 3646 y Fk(3.6.9)63 b(Mo)m(ving)41 b(File)h(Descriptors)275
7076 3900 y Ft(The)29 b(redirection)i(op)s(erator)390 4045
7077 y Fs([)p Fj(n)11 b Fs(]<&)p Fj(digit)p Fs(-)150 4189
7078 y Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)33 b(the)f(\014le)g(descriptor)f Fq(digit)k
7079 Ft(to)d(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fq(n)p Ft(,)f(or)h(the)g(standard)f
7080 (input)f(\(\014le)j(descriptor)e(0\))150 4299 y(if)f
7081 Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)40 b Fq(digit)33
7082 b Ft(is)e(closed)g(after)g(b)s(eing)f(duplicated)g(to)h
7083 Fq(n)p Ft(.)275 4443 y(Similarly)-8 b(,)31 b(the)f(redirection)h(op)s
7084 (erator)390 4588 y Fs([)p Fj(n)11 b Fs(]>&)p Fj(digit)p
7085 Fs(-)150 4732 y Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)29 b(the)g(\014le)f(descriptor)f
7086 Fq(digit)k Ft(to)e(\014le)f(descriptor)g Fq(n)p Ft(,)g(or)g(the)g
7087 (standard)f(output)h(\(\014le)g(descriptor)g(1\))150
7088 4842 y(if)i Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)150
7089 5086 y Fk(3.6.10)63 b(Op)s(ening)42 b(File)g(Descriptors)g(for)g
7090 (Reading)e(and)h(W)-10 b(riting)275 5340 y Ft(The)29
7091 b(redirection)i(op)s(erator)p eop end
7092 %%Page: 30 36
7093 TeXDict begin 30 35 bop 150 -116 a Ft(30)2572 b(Bash)31
7094 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)390 299 y Fs([)p Fj(n)11 b Fs(]<>)p
7095 Fj(word)150 431 y Ft(causes)39 b(the)g(\014le)g(whose)g(name)g(is)g
7096 (the)g(expansion)g(of)g Fq(w)m(ord)j Ft(to)d(b)s(e)g(op)s(ened)f(for)g
7097 (b)s(oth)h(reading)g(and)150 541 y(writing)33 b(on)f(\014le)h
7098 (descriptor)f Fq(n)p Ft(,)h(or)g(on)f(\014le)h(descriptor)g(0)g(if)f
7099 Fq(n)g Ft(is)h(not)g(sp)s(eci\014ed.)47 b(If)32 b(the)h(\014le)f(do)s
7100 (es)h(not)150 651 y(exist,)e(it)g(is)g(created.)150 902
7101 y Fr(3.7)68 b(Executing)46 b(Commands)150 1230 y Fk(3.7.1)63
7102 b(Simple)41 b(Command)h(Expansion)275 1472 y Ft(When)35
7103 b(a)h(simple)f(command)h(is)f(executed,)j(the)e(shell)g(p)s(erforms)e
7104 (the)i(follo)m(wing)h(expansions,)f(as-)150 1582 y(signmen)m(ts,)31
7105 b(and)f(redirections,)h(from)f(left)h(to)g(righ)m(t.)199
7106 1714 y(1.)61 b(The)38 b(w)m(ords)f(that)i(the)g(parser)e(has)h(mark)m
7107 (ed)g(as)h(v)-5 b(ariable)39 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(\(those)g(preceding)f
7108 (the)330 1824 y(command)30 b(name\))h(and)f(redirections)h(are)f(sa)m
7109 (v)m(ed)i(for)e(later)h(pro)s(cessing.)199 1956 y(2.)61
7110 b(The)39 b(w)m(ords)g(that)i(are)f(not)g(v)-5 b(ariable)40
7111 b(assignmen)m(ts)h(or)e(redirections)i(are)f(expanded)f(\(see)h(Sec-)
7112 330 2066 y(tion)d(3.5)i([Shell)e(Expansions],)h(page)g(17\).)61
7113 b(If)37 b(an)m(y)g(w)m(ords)f(remain)h(after)h(expansion,)h(the)e
7114 (\014rst)330 2175 y(w)m(ord)31 b(is)g(tak)m(en)h(to)g(b)s(e)f(the)g
7115 (name)h(of)f(the)h(command)f(and)f(the)i(remaining)f(w)m(ords)g(are)g
7116 (the)h(argu-)330 2285 y(men)m(ts.)199 2418 y(3.)61 b(Redirections)25
7117 b(are)f(p)s(erformed)f(as)h(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(\(see)g
7118 (Section)g(3.6)g([Redirections],)i(page)d(26\).)199 2550
7119 y(4.)61 b(The)25 b(text)h(after)f(the)g(`)p Fs(=)p Ft(')h(in)e(eac)m(h)
7120 j(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(assignmen)m(t)h(undergo)s(es)e(tilde)i
7121 (expansion,)g(parameter)330 2660 y(expansion,)49 b(command)d
7122 (substitution,)j(arithmetic)d(expansion,)k(and)45 b(quote)h(remo)m(v)-5
7123 b(al)46 b(b)s(efore)330 2769 y(b)s(eing)30 b(assigned)h(to)g(the)f(v)-5
7124 b(ariable.)275 2925 y(If)32 b(no)i(command)f(name)g(results,)h(the)g(v)
7125 -5 b(ariable)34 b(assignmen)m(ts)g(a\013ect)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f(shell)
7126 h(en)m(viron-)150 3034 y(men)m(t.)39 b(Otherwise,)27
7127 b(the)e(v)-5 b(ariables)26 b(are)g(added)f(to)h(the)f(en)m(vironmen)m
7128 (t)h(of)g(the)f(executed)h(command)g(and)150 3144 y(do)35
7129 b(not)f(a\013ect)j(the)d(curren)m(t)h(shell)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)54
7130 b(If)34 b(an)m(y)h(of)g(the)f(assignmen)m(ts)i(attempts)f(to)h(assign)
7131 150 3254 y(a)j(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5
7132 b(ariable,)42 b(an)c(error)g(o)s(ccurs,)j(and)c(the)i(command)f(exits)h
7133 (with)g(a)f(non-zero)150 3363 y(status.)275 3496 y(If)33
7134 b(no)g(command)g(name)h(results,)g(redirections)g(are)g(p)s(erformed,)f
7135 (but)g(do)h(not)f(a\013ect)i(the)f(curren)m(t)150 3605
7136 y(shell)d(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)41 b(A)30 b(redirection)h(error)f(causes)h
7137 (the)g(command)f(to)h(exit)g(with)f(a)h(non-zero)g(status.)275
7138 3738 y(If)26 b(there)i(is)f(a)h(command)f(name)h(left)g(after)g
7139 (expansion,)g(execution)h(pro)s(ceeds)e(as)g(describ)s(ed)f(b)s(elo)m
7140 (w.)150 3847 y(Otherwise,)39 b(the)e(command)g(exits.)62
7141 b(If)37 b(one)g(of)g(the)h(expansions)f(con)m(tained)h(a)g(command)f
7142 (substitu-)150 3957 y(tion,)i(the)d(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)h(command)
7143 f(is)h(the)f(exit)h(status)g(of)f(the)h(last)g(command)f(substitution)
7144 150 4067 y(p)s(erformed.)55 b(If)35 b(there)g(w)m(ere)h(no)g(command)f
7145 (substitutions,)i(the)e(command)h(exits)g(with)f(a)h(status)g(of)150
7146 4176 y(zero.)150 4394 y Fk(3.7.2)63 b(Command)41 b(Searc)m(h)f(and)h
7147 (Execution)275 4637 y Ft(After)35 b(a)h(command)f(has)h(b)s(een)e
7148 (split)i(in)m(to)g(w)m(ords,)h(if)e(it)h(results)g(in)f(a)h(simple)f
7149 (command)g(and)g(an)150 4746 y(optional)d(list)f(of)f(argumen)m(ts,)h
7150 (the)g(follo)m(wing)g(actions)h(are)f(tak)m(en.)199 4879
7151 y(1.)61 b(If)24 b(the)g(command)g(name)g(con)m(tains)i(no)e(slashes,)i
7152 (the)e(shell)h(attempts)g(to)g(lo)s(cate)h(it.)39 b(If)24
7153 b(there)g(exists)330 4988 y(a)h(shell)g(function)f(b)m(y)g(that)h
7154 (name,)h(that)f(function)f(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)e(describ)s(ed)g
7155 (in)g(Section)h(3.3)h([Shell)330 5098 y(F)-8 b(unctions],)31
7156 b(page)h(14.)199 5230 y(2.)61 b(If)41 b(the)g(name)h(do)s(es)f(not)g
7157 (matc)m(h)i(a)e(function,)j(the)e(shell)f(searc)m(hes)i(for)e(it)h(in)f
7158 (the)g(list)h(of)g(shell)330 5340 y(builtins.)e(If)30
7159 b(a)h(matc)m(h)g(is)f(found,)g(that)h(builtin)f(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)
7160 p eop end
7161 %%Page: 31 37
7162 TeXDict begin 31 36 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(3:)41
7163 b(Basic)32 b(Shell)e(F)-8 b(eatures)2246 b(31)199 299
7164 y(3.)61 b(If)40 b(the)g(name)h(is)f(neither)h(a)f(shell)h(function)f
7165 (nor)g(a)g(builtin,)j(and)d(con)m(tains)h(no)g(slashes,)i(Bash)330
7166 408 y(searc)m(hes)c(eac)m(h)g(elemen)m(t)g(of)g Fs($PATH)d
7167 Ft(for)i(a)g(directory)h(con)m(taining)g(an)f(executable)h(\014le)f(b)m
7168 (y)g(that)330 518 y(name.)56 b(Bash)36 b(uses)f(a)h(hash)e(table)j(to)f
7169 (remem)m(b)s(er)f(the)h(full)f(pathnames)g(of)h(executable)h(\014les)e
7170 (to)330 628 y(a)m(v)m(oid)e(m)m(ultiple)f Fs(PATH)f Ft(searc)m(hes)i
7171 (\(see)f(the)g(description)g(of)f Fs(hash)g Ft(in)g(Section)i(4.1)f
7172 ([Bourne)g(Shell)330 737 y(Builtins],)37 b(page)f(35\).)55
7173 b(A)35 b(full)g(searc)m(h)g(of)g(the)g(directories)h(in)f
7174 Fs($PATH)e Ft(is)i(p)s(erformed)f(only)h(if)g(the)330
7175 847 y(command)24 b(is)h(not)g(found)e(in)i(the)g(hash)f(table.)39
7176 b(If)25 b(the)f(searc)m(h)i(is)e(unsuccessful,)h(the)g(shell)g(searc)m
7177 (hes)330 956 y(for)e(a)h(de\014ned)e(shell)h(function)h(named)e
7178 Fs(command_not_found_handle)p Ft(.)32 b(If)23 b(that)h(function)f
7179 (exists,)330 1066 y(it)32 b(is)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(with)e(the)h
7180 (original)g(command)f(and)g(the)h(original)g(command's)f(argumen)m(ts)h
7181 (as)g(its)330 1176 y(argumen)m(ts,)h(and)e(the)i(function's)e(exit)i
7182 (status)g(b)s(ecomes)f(the)g(exit)h(status)f(of)h(the)f(shell.)46
7183 b(If)31 b(that)330 1285 y(function)g(is)g(not)g(de\014ned,)f(the)i
7184 (shell)f(prin)m(ts)f(an)h(error)g(message)h(and)f(returns)e(an)i(exit)h
7185 (status)g(of)330 1395 y(127.)199 1531 y(4.)61 b(If)33
7186 b(the)g(searc)m(h)h(is)g(successful,)g(or)f(if)g(the)h(command)f(name)g
7187 (con)m(tains)i(one)f(or)f(more)g(slashes,)i(the)330 1640
7188 y(shell)g(executes)h(the)f(named)f(program)g(in)h(a)g(separate)h
7189 (execution)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)55 b(Argumen)m(t)35 b(0)330
7190 1750 y(is)30 b(set)h(to)h(the)e(name)h(giv)m(en,)g(and)f(the)h
7191 (remaining)f(argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(the)g(command)f(are)h(set)g(to)g(the)
7192 330 1860 y(argumen)m(ts)g(supplied,)e(if)h(an)m(y)-8
7193 b(.)199 1996 y(5.)61 b(If)35 b(this)h(execution)h(fails)f(b)s(ecause)g
7194 (the)f(\014le)h(is)g(not)g(in)f(executable)j(format,)f(and)e(the)h
7195 (\014le)g(is)g(not)330 2105 y(a)d(directory)-8 b(,)34
7196 b(it)f(is)g(assumed)e(to)j(b)s(e)d(a)i Fq(shell)g(script)h
7197 Ft(and)e(the)h(shell)f(executes)i(it)f(as)g(describ)s(ed)e(in)330
7198 2215 y(Section)g(3.8)h([Shell)e(Scripts],)g(page)i(34.)199
7199 2351 y(6.)61 b(If)38 b(the)h(command)f(w)m(as)h(not)g(b)s(egun)e(async)
7200 m(hronously)-8 b(,)42 b(the)c(shell)h(w)m(aits)h(for)e(the)h(command)f
7201 (to)330 2460 y(complete)32 b(and)e(collects)i(its)f(exit)g(status.)150
7202 2691 y Fk(3.7.3)63 b(Command)41 b(Execution)f(En)m(vironmen)m(t)275
7203 2938 y Ft(The)29 b(shell)i(has)f(an)g Fq(execution)i(en)m(vironmen)m(t)
7204 p Ft(,)f(whic)m(h)f(consists)h(of)g(the)f(follo)m(wing:)225
7205 3075 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(op)s(en)32 b(\014les)g(inherited)g(b)m(y)h(the)f
7206 (shell)h(at)g(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation,)j(as)c(mo)s(di\014ed)g(b)m(y)g
7207 (redirections)h(supplied)e(to)330 3185 y(the)g Fs(exec)e
7208 Ft(builtin)225 3321 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(the)28 b(curren)m(t)g(w)m(orking)
7209 h(directory)g(as)f(set)h(b)m(y)f Fs(cd)p Ft(,)g Fs(pushd)p
7210 Ft(,)g(or)g Fs(popd)p Ft(,)g(or)g(inherited)g(b)m(y)g(the)h(shell)f(at)
7211 330 3430 y(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)225 3566 y Fp(\017)60
7212 b Ft(the)31 b(\014le)f(creation)i(mo)s(de)e(mask)g(as)h(set)g(b)m(y)f
7213 Fs(umask)f Ft(or)h(inherited)g(from)g(the)h(shell's)f(paren)m(t)225
7214 3702 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(curren)m(t)30 b(traps)g(set)h(b)m(y)f
7215 Fs(trap)225 3838 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(shell)30 b(parameters)f(that)h(are)g
7216 (set)g(b)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b(assignmen)m(t)g(or)g(with)f
7217 Fs(set)f Ft(or)i(inherited)f(from)g(the)330 3948 y(shell's)i(paren)m(t)
7218 f(in)g(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t)225 4084 y Fp(\017)60
7219 b Ft(shell)44 b(functions)f(de\014ned)f(during)h(execution)i(or)e
7220 (inherited)h(from)f(the)h(shell's)g(paren)m(t)f(in)h(the)330
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7222 b(enabled)g(at)h(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)h(\(either)f(b)m(y)f(default)g(or)
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7240 %%Page: 32 38
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7323 %%Page: 33 39
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7409 b(When)35 b(Bash)g(is)p eop end
7410 %%Page: 34 40
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7481 eop end
7482 %%Page: 35 41
7483 TeXDict begin 35 40 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
7484 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(35)150 299 y Fo(4)80
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7554 (equal)h(to)g(1.)p eop end
7555 %%Page: 36 42
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7608 h(shell)g(passes)f Fq(name)37 b Ft(as)32 b(the)g(zeroth)g(argumen)m(t)g
7609 (to)h Fq(command)p Ft(.)630 3959 y(If)45 b(no)g Fq(command)k
7610 Ft(is)c(sp)s(eci\014ed,)k(redirections)d(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)f(to)j
7611 (a\013ect)g(the)e(curren)m(t)630 4069 y(shell)33 b(en)m(vironmen)m(t.)
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7614 h(non-zero.)150 4332 y Fs(exit)870 4463 y(exit)47 b([)p
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7616 (status)f(of)g Fq(n)f Ft(to)h(the)g(shell's)g(paren)m(t.)41
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7618 (that)g(of)g(the)g(last)g(command)f(executed.)41 b(An)m(y)26
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7620 (shell)f(terminates.)150 4967 y Fs(export)870 5099 y(export)46
7621 b([-fn])g([-p])h([)p Fj(name)11 b Fs([=)p Fj(value)g
7622 Fs(]])630 5230 y Ft(Mark)40 b(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(to)40
7623 b(b)s(e)f(passed)g(to)i(c)m(hild)f(pro)s(cesses)f(in)g(the)h(en)m
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7625 Ft(')29 b(option)h(is)g(supplied,)f(the)g Fq(name)5 b
7626 Ft(s)30 b(refer)f(to)h(shell)g(functions;)f(otherwise)h(the)g(names)p
7627 eop end
7628 %%Page: 37 43
7629 TeXDict begin 37 42 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
7630 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(37)630 299 y(refer)36
7631 b(to)i(shell)e(v)-5 b(ariables.)60 b(The)36 b(`)p Fs(-n)p
7632 Ft(')h(option)g(means)f(to)h(no)g(longer)g(mark)f(eac)m(h)i
7633 Fq(name)630 408 y Ft(for)h(exp)s(ort.)65 b(If)39 b(no)g
7634 Fq(names)j Ft(are)d(supplied,)h(or)f(if)g(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p
7635 Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(giv)m(en,)j(a)d(list)h(of)630 518
7636 y(exp)s(orted)c(names)h(is)f(displa)m(y)m(ed.)60 b(The)37
7637 b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)h(displa)m(ys)g(output)f(in)g(a)h(form)f
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7639 b(If)30 b(a)i(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(name)h(is)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f
7640 (=)p Fq(v)-5 b(alue)p Ft(,)32 b(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)32
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7642 Fq(v)-5 b(alue)p Ft(.)630 870 y(The)29 b(return)e(status)j(is)f(zero)h
7643 (unless)e(an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)29 b(option)h(is)f(supplied,)f(one)i
7644 (of)f(the)g(names)630 980 y(is)h(not)h(a)f(v)-5 b(alid)31
7645 b(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(name,)f(or)h(`)p Fs(-f)p
7646 Ft(')f(is)g(supplied)f(with)g(a)i(name)f(that)h(is)f(not)h(a)630
7647 1089 y(shell)g(function.)150 1246 y Fs(getopts)870 1379
7648 y(getopts)46 b Fj(optstring)56 b(name)h Fs([)p Fj(args)11
7649 b Fs(])630 1512 y(getopts)28 b Ft(is)i(used)g(b)m(y)g(shell)g(scripts)g
7650 (to)g(parse)g(p)s(ositional)h(parameters.)41 b Fq(optstring)d
7651 Ft(con-)630 1622 y(tains)k(the)g(option)f(c)m(haracters)i(to)g(b)s(e)d
7652 (recognized;)49 b(if)42 b(a)f(c)m(haracter)j(is)d(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m
7653 (y)f(a)630 1731 y(colon,)33 b(the)f(option)g(is)g(exp)s(ected)g(to)h
7654 (ha)m(v)m(e)g(an)e(argumen)m(t,)i(whic)m(h)f(should)e(b)s(e)h
7655 (separated)630 1841 y(from)37 b(it)h(b)m(y)f(white)h(space.)63
7656 b(The)37 b(colon)h(\(`)p Fs(:)p Ft('\))h(and)d(question)i(mark)f(\(`)p
7657 Fs(?)p Ft('\))i(ma)m(y)f(not)g(b)s(e)630 1951 y(used)g(as)g(option)h(c)
7658 m(haracters.)67 b(Eac)m(h)39 b(time)g(it)g(is)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)k
7659 Fs(getopts)37 b Ft(places)i(the)g(next)630 2060 y(option)29
7660 b(in)f(the)h(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)30 b Fq(name)p Ft(,)f(initializing)
7661 i Fq(name)j Ft(if)28 b(it)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(exist,)h(and)e(the)630
7662 2170 y(index)33 b(of)g(the)h(next)f(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(b)s(e)e(pro)s
7663 (cessed)h(in)m(to)h(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b Fs(OPTIND)p
7664 Ft(.)48 b Fs(OPTIND)630 2279 y Ft(is)41 b(initialized)i(to)f(1)f(eac)m
7665 (h)h(time)g(the)f(shell)g(or)g(a)g(shell)g(script)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m
7666 (ed.)74 b(When)41 b(an)630 2389 y(option)36 b(requires)e(an)h(argumen)m
7667 (t,)i Fs(getopts)c Ft(places)j(that)g(argumen)m(t)g(in)m(to)g(the)f(v)
7668 -5 b(ariable)630 2498 y Fs(OPTARG)p Ft(.)55 b(The)35
7669 b(shell)g(do)s(es)h(not)g(reset)g Fs(OPTIND)e Ft(automatically;)41
7670 b(it)36 b(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(man)m(ually)630 2608 y(reset)i(b)s(et)m(w)m
7671 (een)g(m)m(ultiple)h(calls)f(to)g Fs(getopts)e Ft(within)h(the)h(same)g
7672 (shell)f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)j(if)e(a)630 2718 y(new)30
7673 b(set)h(of)f(parameters)h(is)f(to)i(b)s(e)d(used.)630
7674 2851 y(When)41 b(the)h(end)e(of)i(options)g(is)f(encoun)m(tered,)k
7675 Fs(getopts)39 b Ft(exits)j(with)f(a)h(return)e(v)-5 b(alue)630
7676 2960 y(greater)32 b(than)e(zero.)41 b Fs(OPTIND)29 b
7677 Ft(is)h(set)h(to)g(the)g(index)f(of)g(the)h(\014rst)f(non-option)g
7678 (argumen)m(t,)630 3070 y(and)g Fs(name)f Ft(is)h(set)h(to)g(`)p
7679 Fs(?)p Ft('.)630 3203 y Fs(getopts)c Ft(normally)j(parses)e(the)i(p)s
7680 (ositional)g(parameters,)g(but)e(if)i(more)f(argumen)m(ts)h(are)630
7681 3313 y(giv)m(en)h(in)f Fq(args)p Ft(,)h Fs(getopts)e
7682 Ft(parses)h(those)h(instead.)630 3446 y Fs(getopts)h
7683 Ft(can)h(rep)s(ort)g(errors)g(in)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(w)m(a)m(ys.)51
7684 b(If)33 b(the)h(\014rst)e(c)m(haracter)k(of)d Fq(optstring)42
7685 b Ft(is)34 b(a)630 3555 y(colon,)i Fq(silen)m(t)i Ft(error)33
7686 b(rep)s(orting)h(is)h(used.)51 b(In)33 b(normal)i(op)s(eration)f
7687 (diagnostic)i(messages)630 3665 y(are)30 b(prin)m(ted)e(when)g(in)m(v)
7688 -5 b(alid)30 b(options)g(or)f(missing)g(option)g(argumen)m(ts)h(are)f
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7690 b Fs(OPTERR)d Ft(is)i(set)h(to)f(0,)i(no)e(error)g(messages)h(will)f(b)
7691 s(e)f(displa)m(y)m(ed,)j(ev)m(en)f(if)630 3884 y(the)c(\014rst)e(c)m
7692 (haracter)j(of)f Fs(optstring)d Ft(is)i(not)h(a)f(colon.)630
7693 4017 y(If)39 b(an)h(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)41 b(option)f(is)g(seen,)i
7694 Fs(getopts)c Ft(places)j(`)p Fs(?)p Ft(')f(in)m(to)h
7695 Fq(name)k Ft(and,)d(if)e(not)g(silen)m(t,)630 4127 y(prin)m(ts)f(an)h
7696 (error)f(message)h(and)f(unsets)g Fs(OPTARG)p Ft(.)67
7697 b(If)39 b Fs(getopts)f Ft(is)i(silen)m(t,)j(the)c(option)630
7698 4236 y(c)m(haracter)32 b(found)d(is)h(placed)h(in)f Fs(OPTARG)f
7699 Ft(and)h(no)g(diagnostic)i(message)f(is)g(prin)m(ted.)630
7700 4369 y(If)c(a)g(required)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)f(not)g(found,)g(and)f
7701 Fs(getopts)f Ft(is)i(not)h(silen)m(t,)h(a)e(question)g(mark)630
7702 4479 y(\(`)p Fs(?)p Ft('\))h(is)g(placed)g(in)f Fq(name)p
7703 Ft(,)h Fs(OPTARG)e Ft(is)h(unset,)h(and)f(a)g(diagnostic)i(message)g
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7705 Ft(is)h(silen)m(t,)i(then)e(a)h(colon)h(\(`)p Fs(:)p
7706 Ft('\))f(is)g(placed)g(in)f Fq(name)35 b Ft(and)29 b
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7708 (found.)150 4855 y Fs(hash)870 4988 y(hash)47 b([-r])f([-p)h
7709 Fj(filename)11 b Fs(])45 b([-dt])h([)p Fj(name)11 b Fs(])630
7710 5121 y Ft(Remem)m(b)s(er)36 b(the)g(full)g(pathnames)g(of)g(commands)g
7711 (sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)g Fq(name)41 b Ft(argumen)m(ts,)e(so)630
7712 5230 y(they)34 b(need)h(not)f(b)s(e)g(searc)m(hed)h(for)f(on)g
7713 (subsequen)m(t)f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cations.)55 b(The)34 b(commands)g(are)630
7714 5340 y(found)39 b(b)m(y)i(searc)m(hing)g(through)f(the)h(directories)g
7715 (listed)g(in)f Fs($PATH)p Ft(.)70 b(The)40 b(`)p Fs(-p)p
7716 Ft(')g(option)p eop end
7717 %%Page: 38 44
7718 TeXDict begin 38 43 bop 150 -116 a Ft(38)2572 b(Bash)31
7719 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(inhibits)38 b(the)h(path)g(searc)m
7720 (h,)j(and)c Fq(\014lename)44 b Ft(is)39 b(used)f(as)i(the)f(lo)s
7721 (cation)h(of)f Fq(name)p Ft(.)66 b(The)630 408 y(`)p
7722 Fs(-r)p Ft(')28 b(option)g(causes)g(the)g(shell)h(to)f(forget)h(all)g
7723 (remem)m(b)s(ered)e(lo)s(cations.)41 b(The)28 b(`)p Fs(-d)p
7724 Ft(')f(option)630 518 y(causes)38 b(the)g(shell)g(to)g(forget)g(the)g
7725 (remem)m(b)s(ered)f(lo)s(cation)i(of)f(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)p
7726 Ft(.)62 b(If)37 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-t)p Ft(')630 628 y(option)22
7727 b(is)g(supplied,)g(the)g(full)f(pathname)h(to)g(whic)m(h)g(eac)m(h)g
7728 Fq(name)27 b Ft(corresp)s(onds)20 b(is)i(prin)m(ted.)630
7729 737 y(If)33 b(m)m(ultiple)h Fq(name)k Ft(argumen)m(ts)c(are)f(supplied)
7730 f(with)h(`)p Fs(-t)p Ft(')g(the)h Fq(name)k Ft(is)c(prin)m(ted)e(b)s
7731 (efore)630 847 y(the)h(hashed)f(full)g(pathname.)48 b(The)32
7732 b(`)p Fs(-l)p Ft(')h(option)g(causes)g(output)f(to)i(b)s(e)e(displa)m
7733 (y)m(ed)h(in)g(a)630 956 y(format)f(that)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(reused)g
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7735 (if)g(only)h(`)p Fs(-l)p Ft(')630 1066 y(is)j(supplied,)f(information)h
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7737 b(The)34 b(return)630 1176 y(status)d(is)f(zero)h(unless)f(a)h
7738 Fq(name)k Ft(is)c(not)f(found)f(or)i(an)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31
7739 b(option)g(is)f(supplied.)150 1340 y Fs(pwd)870 1477
7740 y(pwd)47 b([-LP])630 1614 y Ft(Prin)m(t)24 b(the)h(absolute)g(pathname)
7741 g(of)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(w)m(orking)h(directory)-8 b(.)40
7742 b(If)23 b(the)i(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')f(option)630 1724 y(is)36
7743 b(supplied,)f(the)h(pathname)f(prin)m(ted)g(will)h(not)g(con)m(tain)h
7744 (sym)m(b)s(olic)f(links.)55 b(If)35 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-L)p
7745 Ft(')630 1833 y(option)44 b(is)g(supplied,)i(the)e(pathname)f(prin)m
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7751 2354 y(readonly)46 b([-aApf])f([)p Fj(name)11 b Fs([=)p
7752 Fj(value)g Fs(]])43 b(...)630 2491 y Ft(Mark)24 b(eac)m(h)h
7753 Fq(name)k Ft(as)24 b(readonly)-8 b(.)39 b(The)24 b(v)-5
7754 b(alues)24 b(of)g(these)g(names)g(ma)m(y)g(not)g(b)s(e)g(c)m(hanged)g
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7756 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(option)i(is)e(supplied,)h(eac)m(h)h
7757 Fq(name)k Ft(refers)22 b(to)i(a)f(shell)630 2710 y(function.)39
7758 b(The)26 b(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')h(option)g(means)g(eac)m(h)h
7759 Fq(name)k Ft(refers)26 b(to)i(an)e(indexed)h(arra)m(y)g(v)-5
7760 b(ariable;)630 2819 y(the)33 b(`)p Fs(-A)p Ft(')g(option)g(means)g(eac)
7761 m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(refers)32 b(to)h(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)d
7762 (v)-5 b(ariable.)49 b(If)32 b(no)630 2929 y Fq(name)f
7763 Ft(argumen)m(ts)26 b(are)g(giv)m(en,)i(or)d(if)h(the)g(`)p
7764 Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)g(supplied,)f(a)h(list)h(of)e(all)i
7765 (readonly)630 3039 y(names)37 b(is)g(prin)m(ted.)59 b(The)37
7766 b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')f(option)i(causes)f(output)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(displa)m
7767 (y)m(ed)i(in)e(a)i(format)630 3148 y(that)25 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(reused)
7768 g(as)h(input.)38 b(If)24 b(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)25 b(name)g(is)g(follo)m
7769 (w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)e(=)p Fq(v)-5 b(alue)p Ft(,)27 b(the)d(v)-5
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7771 Fq(v)-5 b(alue)p Ft(.)40 b(The)26 b(return)g(status)h(is)f(zero)i
7772 (unless)e(an)g(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)27 b(option)630 3367
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7774 b(is)g(not)g(a)g(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable)30
7775 b(or)g(function)630 3477 y(name,)h(or)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p
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7777 (shell)g(function.)150 3641 y Fs(return)870 3778 y(return)46
7778 b([)p Fj(n)11 b Fs(])630 3915 y Ft(Cause)30 b(a)g(shell)g(function)g
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7781 4025 y(return)35 b(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(is)f(the)g(exit)h(status)f(of)h
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7804 c(less)i(than)g(or)p eop end
7805 %%Page: 39 45
7806 TeXDict begin 39 44 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
7807 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(39)630 299 y(equal)33
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7871 Fs(\))p Ft(',)h(the)e(result)f(is)p eop end
7872 %%Page: 40 46
7873 TeXDict begin 40 45 bop 150 -116 a Ft(40)2572 b(Bash)31
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7907 Fq(sigsp)s(ec)p Ft(.)40 b(If)29 b(no)g(argumen)m(ts)g(are)g(supplied,)f
7908 (or)h(only)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(is)g(giv)m(en,)h Fs(trap)e
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7955 b(when)f(it)i(is)g(created.)p eop end
7956 %%Page: 41 47
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8028 (command)f(as)g(it)p eop end
8029 %%Page: 42 48
8030 TeXDict begin 42 47 bop 150 -116 a Ft(42)2572 b(Bash)31
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8090 %%Page: 43 49
8091 TeXDict begin 43 48 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
8092 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(43)870 299 y Fs(builtin)46
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8169 %%Page: 44 50
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8180 b(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')38 b(implies)630 737 y(`)p Fs(-f)p
8181 Ft('.)i(The)28 b(follo)m(wing)i(options)f(can)f(b)s(e)g(used)g(to)h
8182 (restrict)g(output)f(to)h(v)-5 b(ariables)30 b(with)e(the)630
8183 847 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)i(attributes)h(or)f(to)h(giv)m(e)h(v)-5
8184 b(ariables)31 b(attributes:)630 1000 y Fs(-a)384 b Ft(Eac)m(h)36
8185 b Fq(name)k Ft(is)34 b(an)h(indexed)g(arra)m(y)g(v)-5
8186 b(ariable)36 b(\(see)f(Section)h(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)1110
8187 1110 y(page)31 b(80\).)630 1263 y Fs(-A)384 b Ft(Eac)m(h)24
8188 b Fq(name)k Ft(is)23 b(an)g(asso)s(ciativ)m(e)j(arra)m(y)e(v)-5
8189 b(ariable)24 b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.7)g([Arra)m(ys],)1110
8190 1373 y(page)31 b(80\).)630 1526 y Fs(-f)384 b Ft(Use)31
8191 b(function)f(names)g(only)-8 b(.)630 1680 y Fs(-i)384
8192 b Ft(The)36 b(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(is)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(treated)h(as)g(an)f
8193 (in)m(teger;)41 b(arithmetic)c(ev)-5 b(aluation)1110
8194 1789 y(\(see)29 b(Section)f(6.5)h([Shell)f(Arithmetic],)i(page)e(78\))h
8195 (is)f(p)s(erformed)e(when)h(the)1110 1899 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31
8196 b(is)g(assigned)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue.)630 2052 y Fs(-l)384
8197 b Ft(When)26 b(the)g(v)-5 b(ariable)27 b(is)f(assigned)g(a)g(v)-5
8198 b(alue,)28 b(all)f(upp)s(er-case)e(c)m(haracters)j(are)1110
8199 2162 y(con)m(v)m(erted)k(to)f(lo)m(w)m(er-case.)43 b(The)30
8200 b(upp)s(er-case)g(attribute)h(is)g(disabled.)630 2315
8201 y Fs(-r)384 b Ft(Mak)m(e)25 b Fq(name)5 b Ft(s)23 b(readonly)-8
8202 b(.)39 b(These)24 b(names)f(cannot)h(then)f(b)s(e)g(assigned)h(v)-5
8203 b(alues)1110 2425 y(b)m(y)30 b(subsequen)m(t)g(assignmen)m(t)h
8204 (statemen)m(ts)h(or)f(unset.)630 2578 y Fs(-t)384 b Ft(Giv)m(e)33
8205 b(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)j Ft(the)32 b Fs(trace)f Ft(attribute.)46
8206 b(T)-8 b(raced)32 b(functions)g(inherit)g(the)1110 2688
8207 y Fs(DEBUG)26 b Ft(and)h Fs(RETURN)f Ft(traps)h(from)g(the)h(calling)h
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8209 (ecial)h(meaning)g(for)f(v)-5 b(ariables.)630 2951 y
8210 Fs(-u)384 b Ft(When)28 b(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(is)f(assigned)h(a)f
8211 (v)-5 b(alue,)30 b(all)f(lo)m(w)m(er-case)i(c)m(haracters)f(are)1110
8212 3061 y(con)m(v)m(erted)i(to)f(upp)s(er-case.)40 b(The)30
8213 b(lo)m(w)m(er-case)j(attribute)e(is)g(disabled.)630 3214
8214 y Fs(-x)384 b Ft(Mark)30 b(eac)m(h)h Fq(name)k Ft(for)29
8215 b(exp)s(ort)h(to)g(subsequen)m(t)f(commands)h(via)g(the)g(en)m(vi-)1110
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8217 (`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')g(turns)f(o\013)i(the)f(attribute)h(instead,)g(with)f
8218 (the)g(exceptions)h(that)630 3587 y(`)p Fs(+a)p Ft(')h(ma)m(y)h(not)f
8219 (b)s(e)f(used)g(to)i(destro)m(y)g(an)f(arra)m(y)g(v)-5
8220 b(ariable)31 b(and)f(`)p Fs(+r)p Ft(')g(will)g(not)g(remo)m(v)m(e)i
8221 (the)630 3696 y(readonly)e(attribute.)41 b(When)30 b(used)f(in)g(a)h
8222 (function,)g Fs(declare)e Ft(mak)m(es)j(eac)m(h)f Fq(name)35
8223 b Ft(lo)s(cal,)630 3806 y(as)24 b(with)g(the)g Fs(local)e
8224 Ft(command.)39 b(If)23 b(a)i(v)-5 b(ariable)24 b(name)g(is)g(follo)m(w)
8225 m(ed)i(b)m(y)e(=)p Fq(v)-5 b(alue)p Ft(,)25 b(the)f(v)-5
8226 b(alue)630 3915 y(of)31 b(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(set)g(to)g
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8228 (unless)f(an)g(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)36 b(option)g(is)g(encoun)m(tered,)h
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8232 b(ariable,)47 b(an)42 b(attempt)h(is)f(made)g(to)h(assign)f(a)h(v)-5
8233 b(alue)42 b(to)h(an)630 4376 y(arra)m(y)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable)30
8234 b(without)g(using)e(the)i(comp)s(ound)e(assignmen)m(t)i(syn)m(tax)g
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8236 b(one)43 b(of)g(the)g Fq(names)k Ft(is)c(not)g(a)g(v)-5
8237 b(alid)43 b(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(name,)i(an)630
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8241 (arra)m(y)h(v)-5 b(ariable,)30 b(or)e(an)g(attempt)i(is)e(made)g(to)630
8242 4814 y(displa)m(y)j(a)f(non-existen)m(t)i(function)e(with)g(`)p
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8244 Fj(arg)57 b Fs(...)o(])630 5230 y Ft(Output)31 b(the)i
8245 Fq(arg)8 b Ft(s,)33 b(separated)g(b)m(y)g(spaces,)g(terminated)g(with)f
8246 (a)h(newline.)47 b(The)32 b(return)630 5340 y(status)40
8247 b(is)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(0.)69 b(If)39 b(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')h(is)f(sp)s
8248 (eci\014ed,)j(the)e(trailing)h(newline)e(is)h(suppressed.)66
8249 b(If)p eop end
8250 %%Page: 45 51
8251 TeXDict begin 45 50 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
8252 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(45)630 299 y(the)29
8253 b(`)p Fs(-e)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)h(giv)m(en,)g(in)m(terpretation)g(of)g
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8255 408 y(acters)38 b(is)f(enabled.)60 b(The)36 b(`)p Fs(-E)p
8256 Ft(')h(option)g(disables)g(the)g(in)m(terpretation)h(of)f(these)g
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8260 (to)h(dynamically)g(determine)f(whether)f(or)i(not)f
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8262 (b)m(y)g(default.)70 b Fs(echo)39 b Ft(do)s(es)h(not)g(in)m(terpret)h
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8264 630 976 y Fs(echo)f Ft(in)m(terprets)i(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(escap)s(e)f
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8266 1275 y Fs(\\b)384 b Ft(bac)m(kspace)630 1425 y Fs(\\c)g
8267 Ft(suppress)28 b(further)h(output)630 1574 y Fs(\\e)384
8268 b Ft(escap)s(e)630 1724 y Fs(\\f)g Ft(form)30 b(feed)630
8269 1873 y Fs(\\n)384 b Ft(new)30 b(line)630 2022 y Fs(\\r)384
8270 b Ft(carriage)32 b(return)630 2172 y Fs(\\t)384 b Ft(horizon)m(tal)32
8271 b(tab)630 2321 y Fs(\\v)384 b Ft(v)m(ertical)32 b(tab)630
8272 2471 y Fs(\\\\)384 b Ft(bac)m(kslash)630 2620 y Fs(\\0)p
8273 Fj(nnn)240 b Ft(the)32 b(eigh)m(t-bit)i(c)m(haracter)g(whose)e(v)-5
8274 b(alue)33 b(is)f(the)g(o)s(ctal)i(v)-5 b(alue)32 b Fq(nnn)f
8275 Ft(\(zero)i(to)1110 2730 y(three)e(o)s(ctal)g(digits\))630
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8277 (whose)e(v)-5 b(alue)39 b(is)h(the)f(hexadecimal)i(v)-5
8278 b(alue)40 b Fq(HH)1110 2989 y Ft(\(one)31 b(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(hex)e
8279 (digits\))150 3138 y Fs(enable)870 3268 y(enable)46 b([-a])h([-dnps])f
8280 ([-f)g Fj(filename)11 b Fs(])45 b([)p Fj(name)57 b Fs(...)o(])630
8281 3397 y Ft(Enable)36 b(and)f(disable)h(builtin)g(shell)g(commands.)56
8282 b(Disabling)37 b(a)g(builtin)e(allo)m(ws)i(a)f(disk)630
8283 3507 y(command)e(whic)m(h)g(has)g(the)g(same)h(name)f(as)h(a)f(shell)h
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8285 b(a)g(full)g(pathname,)g(ev)m(en)h(though)f(the)g(shell)g(normally)g
8286 (searc)m(hes)h(for)f(builtins)630 3726 y(b)s(efore)32
8287 b(disk)f(commands.)46 b(If)31 b(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')h(is)g(used,)g(the)g
8288 Fq(name)5 b Ft(s)32 b(b)s(ecome)h(disabled.)45 b(Otherwise)630
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8295 (list)g(of)g(shell)630 4184 y(builtins)37 b(is)h(prin)m(ted.)63
8296 b(With)38 b(no)f(other)h(argumen)m(ts,)j(the)d(list)g(consists)g(of)g
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8298 b(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')h(option)g(means)f(to)i(list)f(eac)m(h)h(builtin)e
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8302 Ft(from)40 b(shared)630 4643 y(ob)5 b(ject)27 b Fq(\014lename)p
8303 Ft(,)g(on)f(systems)g(that)h(supp)s(ort)d(dynamic)i(loading.)40
8304 b(The)26 b(`)p Fs(-d)p Ft(')g(option)h(will)630 4752
8305 y(delete)32 b(a)e(builtin)g(loaded)h(with)f(`)p Fs(-f)p
8306 Ft('.)630 4882 y(If)h(there)g(are)g(no)g(options,)h(a)f(list)h(of)f
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8308 b(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')f(option)630 4991 y(restricts)f Fs(enable)e
8309 Ft(to)i(the)f Fl(posix)g Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins.)40
8310 b(If)27 b(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')i(is)f(used)g(with)g(`)p Fs(-f)p
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8316 (ob)5 b(ject.)p eop end
8317 %%Page: 46 52
8318 TeXDict begin 46 51 bop 150 -116 a Ft(46)2572 b(Bash)31
8319 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(help)870 435 y(help)47
8320 b([-dms])f([)p Fj(pattern)11 b Fs(])630 571 y Ft(Displa)m(y)40
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8331 b(only)e(a)h(short)f(usage)h(synopsis)e(for)i(eac)m(h)g
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8336 Ft(builtin)g(allo)m(ws)i(arithmetic)f(to)h(b)s(e)d(p)s(erformed)g(on)i
8337 (shell)g(v)-5 b(ariables.)74 b(Eac)m(h)630 2123 y Fq(expression)31
8338 b Ft(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)32 b(according)f(to)h(the)f(rules)g(giv)m(en)
8339 h(b)s(elo)m(w)f(in)f(Section)i(6.5)g([Shell)630 2233
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8344 b Fs(])45 b Fj(name)11 b Fs([=)p Fj(value)g Fs(])44 b(...)630
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8351 b(mak)m(es)h(the)f(v)-5 b(ariable)43 b Fq(name)48 b Ft(ha)m(v)m(e)43
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8357 b(ariable.)150 3489 y Fs(logout)870 3625 y(logout)46
8358 b([)p Fj(n)11 b Fs(])630 3761 y Ft(Exit)31 b(a)g(login)g(shell,)g
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8362 b([-s)g Fj(count)11 b Fs(])46 b([-t])h([-u)g Fj(fd)11
8363 b Fs(])46 b([)870 4170 y(-C)h Fj(callback)11 b Fs(])45
8364 b([-c)i Fj(quantum)11 b Fs(])45 b([)p Fj(array)11 b Fs(])630
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8367 (\014le)i(de-)630 4416 y(scriptor)f Fq(fd)j Ft(if)d(the)h(`)p
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8369 b(ariable)36 b Fs(MAPFILE)d Ft(is)i(the)h(default)630
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8372 b Ft(Cop)m(y)30 b(at)h(most)g Fq(coun)m(t)i Ft(lines.)41
8373 b(If)30 b Fq(coun)m(t)j Ft(is)d(0,)h(all)h(lines)e(are)h(copied.)630
8374 4851 y Fs(-O)384 b Ft(Begin)31 b(assigning)g(to)g Fq(arra)m(y)39
8375 b Ft(at)31 b(index)f Fq(origin)p Ft(.)41 b(The)30 b(default)h(index)f
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8377 Fq(coun)m(t)j Ft(lines)e(read.)630 5177 y Fs(-t)384 b
8378 Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(a)f(trailing)g(line)g(from)f(eac)m(h)i(line)e
8379 (read.)630 5340 y Fs(-u)384 b Ft(Read)31 b(lines)f(from)g(\014le)h
8380 (descriptor)f Fq(fd)j Ft(instead)e(of)f(the)h(standard)e(input.)p
8381 eop end
8382 %%Page: 47 53
8383 TeXDict begin 47 52 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
8384 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(47)630 299 y Fs(-C)384
8385 b Ft(Ev)-5 b(aluate)43 b Fq(callbac)m(k)49 b Ft(eac)m(h)42
8386 b(time)g Fq(quan)m(tum)p Ft(P)f(lines)h(are)f(read.)74
8387 b(The)41 b(`)p Fs(-c)p Ft(')1110 408 y(option)31 b(sp)s(eci\014es)f
8388 Fq(quan)m(tum)p Ft(.)630 573 y Fs(-c)384 b Ft(Sp)s(ecify)30
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8391 Fs(-C)p Ft(')g(is)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(without)g(`)p Fs(-c)p
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8397 b(aluated)33 b(after)g(the)f(line)h(is)f(read)g(but)f(b)s(efore)630
8398 1066 y(the)g(arra)m(y)f(elemen)m(t)i(is)f(assigned.)630
8399 1203 y(If)25 b(not)g(supplied)f(with)h(an)g(explicit)i(origin,)g
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8402 b Ft(returns)g(successfully)i(unless)e(an)i(in)m(v)-5
8403 b(alid)43 b(option)g(or)g(option)g(argumen)m(t)g(is)630
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8405 b(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31 b(or)f(unassignable.)150 1724 y
8406 Fs(printf)870 1861 y(printf)46 b([-v)h Fj(var)11 b Fs(])46
8407 b Fj(format)57 b Fs([)p Fj(arguments)11 b Fs(])630 1998
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8411 Ft(is)e(a)g(c)m(haracter)i(string)d(whic)m(h)h(con)m(tains)h(three)f(t)
8412 m(yp)s(es)g(of)g(ob)5 b(jects:)630 2217 y(plain)28 b(c)m(haracters,)j
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8416 630 2436 y(sp)s(eci\014cations,)39 b(eac)m(h)e(of)g(whic)m(h)f(causes)g
8417 (prin)m(ting)g(of)h(the)f(next)h(successiv)m(e)g Fq(argumen)m(t)p
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8419 Fs(printf\(1\))f Ft(formats,)i(`)p Fs(\045b)p Ft(')g(causes)g
8420 Fs(printf)e Ft(to)j(expand)630 2655 y(bac)m(kslash)39
8421 b(escap)s(e)g(sequences)f(in)h(the)f(corresp)s(onding)f
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8423 Ft(')630 2765 y(terminates)44 b(output,)j(bac)m(kslashes)d(in)f(`)p
8424 Fs(\\')p Ft(',)k(`)p Fs(\\")p Ft(',)g(and)c(`)p Fs(\\?)p
8425 Ft(')g(are)h(not)g(remo)m(v)m(ed,)k(and)630 2874 y(o)s(ctal)25
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8440 s(een)g(supplied.)38 b(The)630 3806 y(return)29 b(v)-5
8441 b(alue)31 b(is)g(zero)g(on)f(success,)h(non-zero)g(on)f(failure.)150
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8444 b Fs(])46 b([-n)g Fj(nchars)11 b Fs(])46 b([-p)h Fj(prompt)11
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8463 5121 y(sp)s(ecial)h(meaning)g(for)f(the)g(next)h(c)m(haracter)h(read)e
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8468 g(encoun)m(tered,)h Fs(read)e Ft(times)h(out)g(\(in)g(whic)m(h)f(case)i
8469 (the)p eop end
8470 %%Page: 48 54
8471 TeXDict begin 48 53 bop 150 -116 a Ft(48)2572 b(Bash)31
8472 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(return)e(co)s(de)i(is)g(greater)g
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8475 Fs(-u)p Ft('.)630 544 y(Options,)f(if)h(supplied,)e(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)g
8476 (follo)m(wing)h(meanings:)630 707 y Fs(-a)e Fj(aname)114
8477 b Ft(The)34 b(w)m(ords)f(are)i(assigned)f(to)h(sequen)m(tial)h(indices)
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8479 Ft(,)29 b(starting)h(at)f(0.)40 b(All)29 b(elemen)m(ts)h(are)e(remo)m
8480 (v)m(ed)i(from)d Fq(aname)34 b Ft(b)s(efore)1110 926
8481 y(the)d(assignmen)m(t.)41 b(Other)30 b Fq(name)36 b Ft(argumen)m(ts)30
8482 b(are)h(ignored.)630 1088 y Fs(-d)f Fj(delim)114 b Ft(The)41
8483 b(\014rst)h(c)m(haracter)h(of)f Fq(delim)g Ft(is)g(used)g(to)g
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8485 b(than)g(newline.)630 1360 y Fs(-e)384 b Ft(Readline)28
8486 b(\(see)h(Chapter)e(8)h([Command)f(Line)g(Editing],)i(page)f(93\))h(is)
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8488 b(uses)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g(\(or)g(default,)j(if)d(line)1110
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8491 b(Readline)i(is)f(b)s(eing)g(used)f(to)h(read)g(the)g(line,)j
8492 Fq(text)f Ft(is)e(placed)h(in)m(to)g(the)1110 1851 y(editing)31
8493 b(bu\013er)e(b)s(efore)h(editing)h(b)s(egins.)630 2013
8494 y Fs(-n)f Fj(nchars)1110 2122 y Fs(read)38 b Ft(returns)f(after)j
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8514 h(decimal)1110 3867 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)26 b(with)h(a)h(fractional)h(p)s
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8518 4086 y(pip)s(e,)25 b(or)e(other)i(sp)s(ecial)f(\014le;)i(it)f(has)e(no)
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8527 4849 y(readarray)45 b([-n)i Fj(count)11 b Fs(])46 b([-O)h
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8529 b([-t])g([-u)h Fj(fd)11 b Fs(])47 b([)870 4959 y(-C)g
8530 Fj(callback)11 b Fs(])45 b([-c)i Fj(quantum)11 b Fs(])45
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8535 (supplied.)630 5340 y(A)f(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Fs(mapfile)p
8536 Ft(.)p eop end
8537 %%Page: 49 55
8538 TeXDict begin 49 54 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
8539 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(49)150 299 y Fs(source)870
8540 435 y(source)46 b Fj(filename)630 571 y Ft(A)30 b(synon)m(ym)g(for)g
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8560 Ft('.)630 1963 y(The)23 b(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')h(option)g(forces)g(a)g
8561 (path)g(searc)m(h)g(for)g(eac)m(h)g Fq(name)p Ft(,)i(ev)m(en)e(if)g(`)p
8562 Fs(-t)p Ft(')g(w)m(ould)f(not)h(return)630 2072 y(`)p
8563 Fs(file)p Ft('.)630 2208 y(If)34 b(a)i(command)e(is)h(hashed,)g(`)p
8564 Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')h(prin)m(t)f(the)h(hashed)f(v)-5
8565 b(alue,)37 b(not)e(necessarily)630 2318 y(the)c(\014le)f(that)h(app)s
8566 (ears)f(\014rst)f(in)h Fs($PATH)p Ft(.)630 2454 y(If)36
8567 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(used,)g Fs(type)f
8568 Ft(returns)f(all)j(of)f(the)g(places)g(that)g(con)m(tain)h(an)f(exe-)
8569 630 2564 y(cutable)d(named)f Fq(\014le)p Ft(.)50 b(This)33
8570 b(includes)g(aliases)i(and)e(functions,)h(if)f(and)g(only)h(if)f(the)h
8571 (`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')630 2673 y(option)d(is)f(not)h(also)g(used.)630
8572 2809 y(If)26 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(used,)g
8573 Fs(type)e Ft(do)s(es)i(not)g(attempt)g(to)h(\014nd)d(shell)i
8574 (functions,)g(as)g(with)630 2919 y(the)k Fs(command)d
8575 Ft(builtin.)630 3055 y(The)j(return)f(status)h(is)g(zero)h(if)f(all)h
8576 (of)f(the)h Fq(names)i Ft(are)e(found,)e(non-zero)i(if)f(an)m(y)g(are)h
8577 (not)630 3165 y(found.)150 3328 y Fs(typeset)870 3464
8578 y(typeset)46 b([-afFrxi])f([-p])i([)p Fj(name)11 b Fs([=)p
8579 Fj(value)g Fs(])43 b(...)o(])630 3600 y Ft(The)29 b Fs(typeset)f
8580 Ft(command)h(is)g(supplied)g(for)g(compatibilit)m(y)j(with)d(the)h
8581 (Korn)e(shell;)j(ho)m(w-)630 3709 y(ev)m(er,)g(it)g(has)f(b)s(een)g
8582 (deprecated)h(in)f(fa)m(v)m(or)i(of)e(the)h Fs(declare)d
8583 Ft(builtin)i(command.)150 3872 y Fs(ulimit)870 4008 y(ulimit)46
8584 b([-abcdefilmnpqrstuvxHST])41 b([)p Fj(limit)11 b Fs(])630
8585 4144 y(ulimit)25 b Ft(pro)m(vides)h(con)m(trol)i(o)m(v)m(er)g(the)f
8586 (resources)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)29 b(to)e(pro)s(cesses)f(started)h(b)m
8587 (y)g(the)630 4254 y(shell,)i(on)f(systems)g(that)h(allo)m(w)h(suc)m(h)e
8588 (con)m(trol.)41 b(If)28 b(an)g(option)h(is)f(giv)m(en,)i(it)e(is)h(in)m
8589 (terpreted)630 4364 y(as)i(follo)m(ws:)630 4526 y Fs(-S)384
8590 b Ft(Change)30 b(and)g(rep)s(ort)g(the)g(soft)h(limit)g(asso)s(ciated)h
8591 (with)e(a)h(resource.)630 4689 y Fs(-H)384 b Ft(Change)30
8592 b(and)g(rep)s(ort)g(the)g(hard)g(limit)h(asso)s(ciated)h(with)e(a)h
8593 (resource.)630 4852 y Fs(-a)384 b Ft(All)31 b(curren)m(t)f(limits)h
8594 (are)g(rep)s(orted.)630 5015 y Fs(-b)384 b Ft(The)30
8595 b(maxim)m(um)g(so)s(c)m(k)m(et)i(bu\013er)e(size.)630
8596 5177 y Fs(-c)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(of)g(core)g(\014les)
8597 f(created.)630 5340 y Fs(-d)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(of)g
8598 (a)g(pro)s(cess's)f(data)h(segmen)m(t.)p eop end
8599 %%Page: 50 56
8600 TeXDict begin 50 55 bop 150 -116 a Ft(50)2572 b(Bash)31
8601 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(-e)384 b Ft(The)30
8602 b(maxim)m(um)g(sc)m(heduling)h(priorit)m(y)f(\()p Fs(")p
8603 Ft(nice)p Fs(")p Ft(\).)630 483 y Fs(-f)384 b Ft(The)30
8604 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(of)g(\014les)f(written)h(b)m(y)f(the)g(shell)h
8605 (and)f(its)h(c)m(hildren.)630 667 y Fs(-i)384 b Ft(The)30
8606 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(p)s(ending)e(signals.)630
8607 851 y Fs(-l)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(size)h(that)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s
8608 (e)f(lo)s(c)m(k)m(ed)i(in)m(to)f(memory)-8 b(.)630 1035
8609 y Fs(-m)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(residen)m(t)h(set)g(size.)630
8610 1219 y Fs(-n)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(op)s
8611 (en)e(\014le)i(descriptors.)630 1403 y Fs(-p)384 b Ft(The)30
8612 b(pip)s(e)f(bu\013er)h(size.)630 1587 y Fs(-q)384 b Ft(The)30
8613 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(b)m(ytes)g(in)f(POSIX)f(message)j
8614 (queues.)630 1771 y Fs(-r)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(real-time)i
8615 (sc)m(heduling)f(priorit)m(y)-8 b(.)630 1955 y Fs(-s)384
8616 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(stac)m(k)i(size.)630 2139
8617 y Fs(-t)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(amoun)m(t)h(of)f(cpu)g(time)h
8618 (in)f(seconds.)630 2323 y Fs(-u)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m
8619 (b)s(er)f(of)i(pro)s(cesses)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)33 b(to)e(a)f(single)i
8620 (user.)630 2507 y Fs(-v)384 b Ft(The)29 b(maxim)m(um)h(amoun)m(t)g(of)g
8621 (virtual)g(memory)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)32 b(to)e(the)g(pro)s(cess.)630
8622 2691 y Fs(-x)384 b Ft(The)30 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i
8623 (\014le)f(lo)s(c)m(ks.)630 2875 y Fs(-T)384 b Ft(The)30
8624 b(maxim)m(um)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(threads.)630 3059
8625 y(If)i Fq(limit)j Ft(is)e(giv)m(en,)h(it)f(is)g(the)g(new)f(v)-5
8626 b(alue)34 b(of)f(the)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(resource;)i(the)f(sp)s(ecial)g
8627 Fq(limit)630 3168 y Ft(v)-5 b(alues)27 b Fs(hard)p Ft(,)g
8628 Fs(soft)p Ft(,)g(and)g Fs(unlimited)d Ft(stand)j(for)g(the)g(curren)m
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8630 b(limit,)j(and)d(no)f(limit,)k(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8
8631 b(.)66 b(A)38 b(hard)f(limit)h(cannot)h(b)s(e)e(increased)i(b)m(y)f(a)
8632 630 3387 y(non-ro)s(ot)f(user)f(once)i(it)g(is)f(set;)k(a)c(soft)g
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8634 b(alue)38 b(of)630 3497 y(the)c(hard)f(limit.)51 b(Otherwise,)35
8635 b(the)f(curren)m(t)f(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)f(the)f(soft)i(limit)f(for)g
8636 (the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)630 3606 y(resource)27 b(is)h(prin)m(ted,)f
8637 (unless)g(the)g(`)p Fs(-H)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(supplied.)38
8638 b(When)27 b(setting)h(new)f(limits,)630 3716 y(if)40
8639 b(neither)f(`)p Fs(-H)p Ft(')h(nor)f(`)p Fs(-S)p Ft(')h(is)f(supplied,)
8640 i(b)s(oth)e(the)h(hard)f(and)g(soft)h(limits)g(are)g(set.)69
8641 b(If)630 3826 y(no)35 b(option)h(is)f(giv)m(en,)j(then)d(`)p
8642 Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(is)g(assumed.)55 b(V)-8 b(alues)36 b(are)f(in)g(1024-b)m
8643 (yte)j(incremen)m(ts,)630 3935 y(except)d(for)f(`)p Fs(-t)p
8644 Ft(',)g(whic)m(h)g(is)g(in)g(seconds,)h(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(',)g(whic)m(h)e
8645 (is)h(in)g(units)f(of)h(512-b)m(yte)i(blo)s(c)m(ks,)630
8646 4045 y(and)30 b(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')g(and)g(`)p Fs(-u)p
8647 Ft(',)g(whic)m(h)g(are)h(unscaled)f(v)-5 b(alues.)630
8648 4192 y(The)34 b(return)g(status)h(is)f(zero)i(unless)e(an)g(in)m(v)-5
8649 b(alid)36 b(option)f(or)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)e(supplied,)h(or)630
8650 4301 y(an)30 b(error)g(o)s(ccurs)g(while)h(setting)g(a)g(new)f(limit.)
8651 150 4485 y Fs(unalias)870 4632 y(unalias)46 b([-a])g([)p
8652 Fj(name)57 b Fs(...)47 b(])630 4779 y Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)39
8653 b(eac)m(h)f Fq(name)k Ft(from)36 b(the)h(list)h(of)f(aliases.)61
8654 b(If)36 b(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft(')h(is)g(supplied,)h(all)f(aliases)i(are)630
8655 4888 y(remo)m(v)m(ed.)j(Aliases)31 b(are)g(describ)s(ed)e(in)h(Section)
8656 i(6.6)f([Aliases],)h(page)f(79.)150 5207 y Fr(4.3)68
8657 b(Mo)t(difying)45 b(Shell)g(Beha)l(vior)p eop end
8658 %%Page: 51 57
8659 TeXDict begin 51 56 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
8660 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(51)150 299 y Fk(4.3.1)63
8661 b(The)41 b(Set)g(Builtin)275 548 y Ft(This)27 b(builtin)h(is)h(so)f
8662 (complicated)i(that)f(it)g(deserv)m(es)g(its)g(o)m(wn)f(section.)42
8663 b Fs(set)27 b Ft(allo)m(ws)j(y)m(ou)f(to)g(c)m(hange)150
8664 657 y(the)k(v)-5 b(alues)34 b(of)f(shell)g(options)h(and)e(set)i(the)f
8665 (p)s(ositional)h(parameters,)h(or)e(to)h(displa)m(y)f(the)g(names)h
8666 (and)150 767 y(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(of)f(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariables.)150
8667 933 y Fs(set)870 1070 y(set)47 b([--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT])41
8668 b([-o)47 b Fj(option)11 b Fs(])46 b([)p Fj(argument)55
8669 b Fs(...])870 1179 y(set)47 b([+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT])42
8670 b([+o)47 b Fj(option)11 b Fs(])45 b([)p Fj(argument)56
8671 b Fs(...)o(])630 1316 y Ft(If)22 b(no)h(options)g(or)g(argumen)m(ts)g
8672 (are)g(supplied,)g Fs(set)f Ft(displa)m(ys)g(the)h(names)g(and)f(v)-5
8673 b(alues)23 b(of)g(all)630 1426 y(shell)j(v)-5 b(ariables)27
8674 b(and)e(functions,)h(sorted)g(according)h(to)g(the)f(curren)m(t)f(lo)s
8675 (cale,)k(in)c(a)i(format)630 1535 y(that)i(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(reused)g
8676 (as)h(input)f(for)h(setting)h(or)e(resetting)i(the)f(curren)m(tly-set)h
8677 (v)-5 b(ariables.)630 1645 y(Read-only)37 b(v)-5 b(ariables)37
8678 b(cannot)h(b)s(e)e(reset.)59 b(In)36 b Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de,)i(only)f
8679 (shell)f(v)-5 b(ariables)38 b(are)630 1755 y(listed.)630
8680 1891 y(When)29 b(options)g(are)g(supplied,)f(they)h(set)h(or)f(unset)f
8681 (shell)h(attributes.)41 b(Options,)29 b(if)g(sp)s(ec-)630
8682 2001 y(i\014ed,)h(ha)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(follo)m(wing)i(meanings:)630
8683 2165 y Fs(-a)384 b Ft(Mark)32 b(v)-5 b(ariables)33 b(and)e(function)h
8684 (whic)m(h)g(are)g(mo)s(di\014ed)f(or)h(created)h(for)f(ex-)1110
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8687 (terminated)h(bac)m(kground)g(jobs)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(rep)s(orted)1110
8688 2548 y(immediately)-8 b(,)30 b(rather)d(than)f(b)s(efore)h(prin)m(ting)
8689 g(the)g(next)g(primary)g(prompt.)630 2712 y Fs(-e)384
8690 b Ft(Exit)37 b(immediately)h(if)e(a)h(simple)f(command)g(\(see)i
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8692 b(page)i(8\))f(exits)g(with)g(a)g(non-zero)g(status,)g(unless)f(the)h
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8694 g(list)g(immediately)h(follo)m(wing)1110 3041 y(a)41
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8696 (test)g(in)f(an)g Fs(if)g Ft(statemen)m(t,)1110 3150
8697 y(part)33 b(of)h(a)g(command)f(executed)i(in)e(a)h Fs(&&)f
8698 Ft(or)g Fs(||b)g Ft(list,)i(an)m(y)f(command)f(in)1110
8699 3260 y(a)g(pip)s(eline)e(but)h(the)g(last,)i(or)f(if)f(the)g(command's)
8700 g(return)f(status)i(is)f(b)s(eing)1110 3370 y(in)m(v)m(erted)38
8701 b(using)e Fs(!)p Ft(.)60 b(F)-8 b(ailing)39 b(simple)e(commands)f(that)
8702 i(are)f(part)g(of)g(shell)1110 3479 y(functions)e(or)g(command)g(lists)
8703 h(enclosed)g(in)f(braces)g(or)h(paren)m(theses)f(sat-)1110
8704 3589 y(isfying)d(the)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(conditions)f(do)g(not)f(cause)h
8705 (the)g(shell)g(to)g(exit.)45 b(A)32 b(trap)1110 3698
8706 y(on)e Fs(ERR)p Ft(,)g(if)g(set,)i(is)e(executed)h(b)s(efore)f(the)h
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8708 b(\014le)g(name)f(generation)i(\(globbing\).)630 4026
8709 y Fs(-h)384 b Ft(Lo)s(cate)33 b(and)e(remem)m(b)s(er)h(\(hash\))g
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8712 (default.)630 4300 y Fs(-k)384 b Ft(All)34 b(argumen)m(ts)g(in)f(the)h
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8714 4410 y(the)k(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(for)g(a)g(command,)h(not)f(just)f
8715 (those)i(that)f(precede)g(the)1110 4519 y(command)30
8716 b(name.)630 4683 y Fs(-m)384 b Ft(Job)30 b(con)m(trol)i(is)e(enabled)h
8717 (\(see)g(Chapter)f(7)g([Job)h(Con)m(trol],)g(page)g(89\).)630
8718 4847 y Fs(-n)384 b Ft(Read)21 b(commands)f(but)g(do)h(not)g(execute)h
8719 (them;)i(this)d(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h(c)m(hec)m(k)1110
8720 4957 y(a)42 b(script)g(for)g(syn)m(tax)g(errors.)75 b(This)41
8721 b(option)h(is)g(ignored)g(b)m(y)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)1110
8722 5066 y(shells.)630 5230 y Fs(-o)30 b Fj(option-name)1110
8723 5340 y Ft(Set)h(the)f(option)h(corresp)s(onding)e(to)i
8724 Fq(option-name)5 b Ft(:)p eop end
8725 %%Page: 52 58
8726 TeXDict begin 52 57 bop 150 -116 a Ft(52)2572 b(Bash)31
8727 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)1110 299 y Fs(allexport)1590
8728 408 y Ft(Same)f(as)h Fs(-a)p Ft(.)1110 560 y Fs(braceexpand)1590
8729 669 y Ft(Same)f(as)h Fs(-B)p Ft(.)1110 821 y Fs(emacs)240
8730 b Ft(Use)25 b(an)f Fs(emacs)p Ft(-st)m(yle)h(line)f(editing)h(in)m
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8732 b(Line)g(Editing],)i(page)f(93\).)66 b(This)37 b(also)i(a\013ects)1590
8733 1040 y(the)31 b(editing)g(in)m(terface)h(used)d(for)h
8734 Fs(read)f(-e)p Ft(.)1110 1191 y Fs(errexit)144 b Ft(Same)30
8735 b(as)h Fs(-e)p Ft(.)1110 1343 y Fs(errtrace)96 b Ft(Same)30
8736 b(as)h Fs(-E)p Ft(.)1110 1494 y Fs(functrace)1590 1604
8737 y Ft(Same)f(as)h Fs(-T)p Ft(.)1110 1755 y Fs(hashall)144
8738 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-h)p Ft(.)1110 1906 y Fs(histexpand)1590
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8740 b Ft(Enable)39 b(command)g(history)-8 b(,)42 b(as)d(describ)s(ed)f(in)h
8741 (Section)h(9.1)1590 2277 y([Bash)d(History)g(F)-8 b(acilities],)41
8742 b(page)c(121.)60 b(This)36 b(option)h(is)f(on)1590 2386
8743 y(b)m(y)30 b(default)h(in)f(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)1110
8744 2538 y Fs(ignoreeof)1590 2647 y Ft(An)d(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e
8745 (will)g(not)f(exit)h(up)s(on)e(reading)i(EOF.)1110 2799
8746 y Fs(keyword)144 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-k)p Ft(.)1110
8747 2950 y Fs(monitor)144 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-m)p Ft(.)1110
8748 3101 y Fs(noclobber)1590 3211 y Ft(Same)f(as)h Fs(-C)p
8749 Ft(.)1110 3362 y Fs(noexec)192 b Ft(Same)30 b(as)h Fs(-n)p
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8751 Ft(.)1110 3665 y Fs(nolog)240 b Ft(Curren)m(tly)30 b(ignored.)1110
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8770 %%Page: 53 59
8771 TeXDict begin 53 58 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
8772 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(53)1110 299 y
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8779 b(as)h Fs(-x)p Ft(.)630 1125 y Fs(-p)384 b Ft(T)-8 b(urn)33
8780 b(on)h(privileged)h(mo)s(de.)51 b(In)34 b(this)g(mo)s(de,)h(the)f
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8782 (pro)s(cessed,)h(shell)f(functions)f(are)h(not)f(inherited)h(from)f
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8784 Fs(SHELLOPTS)p Ft(,)g Fs(CDPATH)e Ft(and)i Fs(GLOBIGNORE)c
8785 Ft(v)-5 b(ari-)1110 1454 y(ables,)36 b(if)e(they)g(app)s(ear)g(in)g
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8788 (user)d(\(group\))g(id)g(not)g(equal)h(to)g(the)f(real)1110
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8793 Fs(-p)i Ft(option)h(is)g(supplied)f(at)h(startup,)h(the)f(e\013ectiv)m
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8798 b(after)g(reading)f(and)g(executing)h(one)g(command.)630
8799 2415 y Fs(-u)384 b Ft(T)-8 b(reat)38 b(unset)e(v)-5 b(ariables)37
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8802 (to)h(the)g(standard)e(error,)1110 2634 y(and)30 b(a)h(non-in)m
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8804 b Ft(Prin)m(t)30 b(shell)h(input)e(lines)i(as)g(they)f(are)h(read.)630
8805 2937 y Fs(-x)384 b Ft(Prin)m(t)21 b(a)h(trace)h(of)f(simple)f
8806 (commands,)i Fs(for)e Ft(commands,)i Fs(case)d Ft(commands,)1110
8807 3047 y Fs(select)29 b Ft(commands,)j(and)e(arithmetic)j
8808 Fs(for)d Ft(commands)h(and)f(their)i(argu-)1110 3157
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8837 (commands)g(whic)m(h)g(c)m(hange)i(the)f(curren)m(t)1110
8838 5340 y(directory)-8 b(.)p eop end
8839 %%Page: 54 60
8840 TeXDict begin 54 59 bop 150 -116 a Ft(54)2572 b(Bash)31
8841 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)1110 299 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)g(if)f(`)p
8842 Fs(/usr/sys)p Ft(')e(is)i(a)g(sym)m(b)s(olic)h(link)f(to)g(`)p
8843 Fs(/usr/local/sys)p Ft(')1110 408 y(then:)1350 547 y
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8845 766 y($)g(cd)h(..;)f(pwd)1350 875 y(/usr)1110 1014 y
8846 Ft(If)30 b Fs(set)f(-P)h Ft(is)h(on,)f(then:)1350 1152
8847 y Fs($)47 b(cd)h(/usr/sys;)d(echo)i($PWD)1350 1262 y(/usr/local/sys)
8848 1350 1371 y($)g(cd)h(..;)f(pwd)1350 1481 y(/usr/local)630
8849 1648 y(-T)384 b Ft(If)34 b(set,)j(an)m(y)e(trap)g(on)g
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8851 (func-)1110 1757 y(tions,)k(command)d(substitutions,)h(and)f(commands)g
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8853 b(The)32 b Fs(DEBUG)g Ft(and)g Fs(RETURN)f Ft(traps)h(are)i(normally)f
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8863 b(to)h(the)f(p)s(ositional)h(parameters.)65 b(The)37
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8895 Fq(optname)p Ft(.)p eop end
8896 %%Page: 55 61
8897 TeXDict begin 55 60 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
8898 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(55)630 299 y Fs(-q)384
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8961 b Ft(If)33 b(set,)j(Bash)e(attempts)h(to)g(sa)m(v)m(e)g(all)g(lines)f
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8969 %%Page: 56 62
8970 TeXDict begin 56 61 bop 150 -116 a Ft(56)2572 b(Bash)31
8971 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(dirspell)96 b Ft(If)26
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8982 1166 y(in)m(teractiv)m(e)33 b(shell)e(do)s(es)f(not)g(exit)i(if)e
8983 Fs(exec)f Ft(fails.)630 1325 y Fs(expand_aliases)1110
8984 1435 y Ft(If)j(set,)h(aliases)g(are)g(expanded)e(as)h(describ)s(ed)f(b)
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8986 b(6.6)h([Aliases],)j(page)d(79.)64 b(This)37 b(option)h(is)g(enabled)g
8987 (b)m(y)g(default)g(for)1110 1654 y(in)m(teractiv)m(e)33
8988 b(shells.)630 1813 y Fs(extdebug)96 b Ft(If)30 b(set,)h(b)s(eha)m(vior)
8989 g(in)m(tended)f(for)g(use)g(b)m(y)g(debuggers)g(is)h(enabled:)1159
8990 1948 y(1.)61 b(The)32 b(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')g(option)h(to)g(the)g
8991 Fs(declare)d Ft(builtin)i(\(see)i(Section)f(4.2)h([Bash)1290
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8998 (not)i(executed.)1159 2655 y(3.)61 b(If)37 b(the)g(command)g(run)f(b)m
8999 (y)i(the)f Fs(DEBUG)f Ft(trap)h(returns)f(a)i(v)-5 b(alue)38
9000 b(of)f(2,)1290 2765 y(and)c(the)g(shell)h(is)f(executing)i(in)e(a)h
9001 (subroutine)e(\(a)i(shell)g(function)f(or)1290 2874 y(a)h(shell)h
9002 (script)f(executed)h(b)m(y)f(the)g Fs(.)g Ft(or)g Fs(source)e
9003 Ft(builtins\),)j(a)g(call)g(to)1290 2984 y Fs(return)29
9004 b Ft(is)h(sim)m(ulated.)1159 3118 y(4.)61 b Fs(BASH_ARGC)34
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9008 b(F)-8 b(unction)57 b(tracing)g(is)g(enabled:)93 b(command)56
9009 b(substitution,)63 b(shell)1290 3472 y(functions,)30
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9013 y(6.)61 b(Error)74 b(tracing)i(is)f(enabled:)131 b(command)74
9014 b(substitution,)87 b(shell)1290 3826 y(functions,)30
9015 b(and)f(subshells)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)j(with)d Fs(\()h
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9017 y Fs(ERROR)f Ft(trap.)630 4095 y Fs(extglob)144 b Ft(If)26
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9021 4364 y Fs(extquote)96 b Ft(If)49 b(set,)54 b Fs($')p
9022 Fj(string)11 b Fs(')46 b Ft(and)j Fs($")p Fj(string)11
9023 b Fs(")46 b Ft(quoting)k(is)f(p)s(erformed)e(within)1110
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9026 y(is)e(enabled)h(b)m(y)f(default.)630 4742 y Fs(failglob)96
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9036 %%Page: 57 63
9037 TeXDict begin 57 62 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(4:)41
9038 b(Shell)30 b(Builtin)h(Commands)2069 b(57)1110 299 y([Bash)24
9039 b(V)-8 b(ariables],)27 b(page)e(61,)h(for)d(a)h(description)g(of)g
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9041 b(enabled)h(b)m(y)f(default.)630 568 y Fs(globstar)96
9042 b Ft(If)38 b(set,)j(the)e(pattern)f(`)p Fs(**)p Ft(')h(used)e(in)i(a)f
9043 (\014lename)h(expansion)f(con)m(text)j(will)1110 677
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9048 1166 y Ft(If)35 b(set,)j(shell)e(error)g(messages)g(are)h(written)e(in)
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9050 1435 y Fs(histappend)1110 1544 y Ft(If)c(set,)j(the)e(history)g(list)g
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9055 2032 y Ft(If)i(set,)h(and)f(Readline)h(is)f(b)s(eing)g(used,)g(a)g
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9058 2301 y Fs(histverify)1110 2411 y Ft(If)35 b(set,)i(and)e(Readline)h(is)
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9070 630 3497 y Fs(huponexit)1110 3606 y Ft(If)i(set,)i(Bash)f(will)h(send)d
9071 Fs(SIGHUP)h Ft(to)h(all)h(jobs)e(when)g(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)k(login)
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9084 4852 y Ft(The)35 b(shell)h(sets)g(this)f(option)h(if)g(it)g(is)f
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9093 eop end
9094 %%Page: 58 64
9095 TeXDict begin 58 63 bop 150 -116 a Ft(58)2572 b(Bash)31
9096 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(no_empty_cmd_completion)1110
9097 408 y Ft(If)f(set,)g(and)g(Readline)g(is)h(b)s(eing)e(used,)h(Bash)g
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9101 823 y Fs(nocaseglob)1110 933 y Ft(If)38 b(set,)k(Bash)d(matc)m(hes)g
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9122 b(option)g(is)h(enabled)f(b)m(y)g(default.)630 3116 y
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9140 4798 y Fs(xpg_echo)96 b Ft(If)31 b(set,)h(the)g Fs(echo)e
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9149 %%Page: 59 65
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9242 g(instance)h(of)g(Bash.)p eop end
9243 %%Page: 62 68
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9352 (lev)m(el.)630 3435 y Fs(BASH_VERSINFO[3])1110 3545 y
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9357 Fs(BASH_VERSION)630 4392 y Ft(The)g(v)m(ersion)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h
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9359 Fs(COLUMNS)144 b Ft(Used)36 b(b)m(y)h(the)f Fs(select)f
9360 Ft(builtin)h(command)h(to)g(determine)f(the)h(terminal)g(width)f(when)
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9370 eop end
9371 %%Page: 64 70
9372 TeXDict begin 64 69 bop 150 -116 a Ft(64)2572 b(Bash)31
9373 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(COMP_LINE)630 408
9374 y Ft(The)38 b(curren)m(t)h(command)f(line.)66 b(This)37
9375 b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)41 b(only)d(in)h(shell)f
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9378 628 y(Section)k(8.6)h([Programmable)f(Completion],)g(page)g(115\).)150
9379 778 y Fs(COMP_POINT)630 888 y Ft(The)25 b(index)g(of)h(the)g(curren)m
9380 (t)f(cursor)g(p)s(osition)h(relativ)m(e)i(to)e(the)g(b)s(eginning)f(of)
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9397 1915 y(w)m(ord)22 b(completion,)k(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(',)f(to)e(list)g
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9401 b(only)f(in)f(shell)g(functions)g(and)g(external)630
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9403 (completion)g(facilities)i(\(see)e(Section)g(8.6)630
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9414 3244 y Ft(An)36 b(arra)m(y)g(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(consisting)g(of)f(the)
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9447 g(disables)630 5340 y(line)c(editing.)p eop end
9448 %%Page: 65 71
9449 TeXDict begin 65 70 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(5:)41
9450 b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(65)150 299 y Fs(EUID)288
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9454 b(editor)h(used)e(as)i(a)g(default)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(`)p
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9537 s(ound)p eop end
9538 %%Page: 66 72
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9583 b(The)630 3194 y(default)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(is)h(500.)150
9584 3339 y Fs(HISTTIMEFORMAT)630 3448 y Ft(If)44 b(this)g(v)-5
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9610 (host.)150 4977 y Fs(HOSTTYPE)96 b Ft(A)30 b(string)h(describing)f(the)
9611 g(mac)m(hine)h(Bash)g(is)f(running)f(on.)150 5121 y Fs(IGNOREEOF)630
9612 5230 y Ft(Con)m(trols)e(the)h(action)g(of)f(the)g(shell)g(on)g(receipt)
9613 h(of)f(an)g Fs(EOF)f Ft(c)m(haracter)i(as)g(the)f(sole)h(input.)630
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9616 s(e)p eop end
9617 %%Page: 67 73
9618 TeXDict begin 67 72 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(5:)41
9619 b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(67)630 299 y(read)40
9620 b(as)f(the)h(\014rst)f(c)m(haracter)i(on)f(an)f(input)g(line)h(b)s
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9622 408 y(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(exists)f(but)f(do)s(es)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)h
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9624 b(alue\))37 b(then)g(the)630 518 y(default)31 b(is)g(10.)43
9625 b(If)30 b(the)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(do)s(es)g(not)g(exist,)h(then)e
9626 Fs(EOF)g Ft(signi\014es)h(the)g(end)f(of)h(input)630
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9628 e(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)150 774 y Fs(INPUTRC)144
9629 b Ft(The)68 b(name)h(of)f(the)h(Readline)g(initialization)j(\014le,)78
9630 b(o)m(v)m(erriding)69 b(the)g(default)g(of)630 883 y(`)p
9631 Fs(~/.inputrc)p Ft('.)150 1029 y Fs(LANG)288 b Ft(Used)28
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9634 y(with)i(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(starting)g(with)f Fs(LC_)p
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9636 b(o)m(v)m(errides)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)g Fs(LANG)f
9637 Ft(and)g(an)m(y)h(other)g Fs(LC_)f Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)29
9638 b(sp)s(ecifying)630 1395 y(a)i(lo)s(cale)h(category)-8
9639 b(.)150 1541 y Fs(LC_COLLATE)630 1650 y Ft(This)37 b(v)-5
9640 b(ariable)38 b(determines)g(the)g(collation)i(order)d(used)g(when)f
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9642 e(determines)g(the)h(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(of)g(range)h(expressions,)h
9643 (equiv-)630 1870 y(alence)e(classes,)h(and)e(collating)i(sequences)e
9644 (within)f(\014lename)h(expansion)g(and)f(pattern)630
9645 1979 y(matc)m(hing)d(\(see)h(Section)f(3.5.8)h([Filename)g(Expansion],)
9646 e(page)h(24\).)150 2125 y Fs(LC_CTYPE)96 b Ft(This)36
9647 b(v)-5 b(ariable)37 b(determines)f(the)h(in)m(terpretation)h(of)f(c)m
9648 (haracters)h(and)e(the)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(of)630 2235
9649 y(c)m(haracter)46 b(classes)g(within)e(\014lename)h(expansion)g(and)f
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9651 b(3.5.8)h([Filename)g(Expansion],)e(page)h(24\).)150
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9653 b(determines)f(the)g(lo)s(cale)i(used)d(to)i(translate)g(double-quoted)
9654 f(strings)g(pre-)630 2710 y(ceded)31 b(b)m(y)f(a)h(`)p
9655 Fs($)p Ft(')f(\(see)h(Section)h(3.1.2.5)g([Lo)s(cale)g(T)-8
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9657 2966 y Ft(This)f(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(determines)f(the)h(lo)s(cale)h
9658 (category)g(used)e(for)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(formatting.)150
9659 3112 y Fs(LINENO)192 b Ft(The)30 b(line)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(in)h(the)g
9660 (script)h(or)f(shell)g(function)h(curren)m(tly)f(executing.)150
9661 3258 y Fs(LINES)240 b Ft(Used)25 b(b)m(y)g(the)g Fs(select)e
9662 Ft(builtin)i(command)g(to)h(determine)f(the)g(column)g(length)g(for)g
9663 (prin)m(t-)630 3367 y(ing)31 b(selection)h(lists.)41
9664 b(Automatically)33 b(set)e(up)s(on)e(receipt)i(of)f(a)h
9665 Fs(SIGWINCH)p Ft(.)150 3513 y Fs(MACHTYPE)96 b Ft(A)26
9666 b(string)g(that)h(fully)f(describ)s(es)f(the)h(system)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h
9667 (on)f(whic)m(h)f(Bash)i(is)f(executing,)i(in)e(the)630
9668 3623 y(standard)k Fl(gnu)g Fq(cpu-compan)m(y-system)h
9669 Ft(format.)150 3769 y Fs(MAILCHECK)630 3879 y Ft(Ho)m(w)d(often)g(\(in)
9670 g(seconds\))g(that)g(the)f(shell)h(should)f(c)m(hec)m(k)i(for)e(mail)h
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9672 Fs(MAILPATH)e Ft(or)i Fs(MAIL)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariables.)43
9673 b(The)30 b(default)h(is)f(60)i(seconds.)42 b(When)30
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9679 b(to)g(zero,)g(the)g(shell)g(disables)f(mail)h(c)m(hec)m(king.)150
9680 4463 y Fs(OLDPWD)192 b Ft(The)30 b(previous)g(w)m(orking)g(directory)h
9681 (as)g(set)g(b)m(y)f(the)h Fs(cd)e Ft(builtin.)150 4609
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9683 b(1,)i(Bash)e(displa)m(ys)g(error)f(messages)i(generated)g(b)m(y)f(the)
9684 g Fs(getopts)630 4719 y Ft(builtin)30 b(command.)150
9685 4865 y Fs(OSTYPE)192 b Ft(A)30 b(string)h(describing)f(the)g(op)s
9686 (erating)h(system)g(Bash)f(is)h(running)d(on.)150 5011
9687 y Fs(PIPESTATUS)630 5121 y Ft(An)23 b(arra)m(y)h(v)-5
9688 b(ariable)24 b(\(see)h(Section)f(6.7)h([Arra)m(ys],)g(page)f(80\))h
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9693 (command\).)p eop end
9694 %%Page: 68 74
9695 TeXDict begin 68 73 bop 150 -116 a Ft(68)2572 b(Bash)31
9696 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(POSIXLY_CORRECT)630
9697 408 y Ft(If)h(this)h(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(is)f(in)f(the)h(en)m(vironmen)
9698 m(t)h(when)d Fs(bash)h Ft(starts,)i(the)f(shell)g(en)m(ters)h
9699 Fl(posix)630 518 y Ft(mo)s(de)22 b(\(see)h(Section)g(6.11)h([Bash)e
9700 (POSIX)f(Mo)s(de],)k(page)e(85\))g(b)s(efore)f(reading)g(the)g(startup)
9701 630 628 y(\014les,)32 b(as)f(if)h(the)f(`)p Fs(--posix)p
9702 Ft(')f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)j(option)f(had)f(b)s(een)g(supplied.)42
9703 b(If)31 b(it)h(is)f(set)h(while)630 737 y(the)f(shell)f(is)h(running,)d
9704 Fs(bash)i Ft(enables)g Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de,)g(as)h(if)f(the)h
9705 (command)870 874 y Fs(set)47 b(-o)g(posix)630 1011 y
9706 Ft(had)30 b(b)s(een)f(executed.)150 1176 y Fs(PPID)288
9707 b Ft(The)30 b(pro)s(cess)g Fl(id)g Ft(of)h(the)f(shell's)h(paren)m(t)g
9708 (pro)s(cess.)40 b(This)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)f(readonly)-8
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9712 1559 y(eac)m(h)g(primary)d(prompt)g(\()p Fs($PS1)p Ft(\).)150
9713 1724 y Fs(PROMPT_DIRTRIM)630 1833 y Ft(If)e(set)g(to)h(a)g(n)m(um)m(b)s
9714 (er)e(greater)i(than)f(zero,)i(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)28 b(is)f(used)g(as)g
9715 (the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(trailing)630 1943 y(directory)35
9716 b(comp)s(onen)m(ts)g(to)h(retain)f(when)f(expanding)g(the)h
9717 Fs(\\w)f Ft(and)g Fs(\\W)g Ft(prompt)g(string)630 2052
9718 y(escap)s(es)27 b(\(see)g(Section)g(6.9)h([Prin)m(ting)f(a)g(Prompt],)g
9719 (page)g(83\).)40 b(Characters)27 b(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(are)630
9720 2162 y(replaced)j(with)f(an)g(ellipsis.)150 2326 y Fs(PS3)336
9721 b Ft(The)34 b(v)-5 b(alue)35 b(of)f(this)g(v)-5 b(ariable)35
9722 b(is)g(used)e(as)i(the)f(prompt)g(for)g(the)g Fs(select)f
9723 Ft(command.)52 b(If)630 2436 y(this)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31
9724 b(is)g(not)f(set,)i(the)e Fs(select)f Ft(command)h(prompts)f(with)h(`)p
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9726 b(alue)22 b(is)e(the)h(prompt)f(prin)m(ted)h(b)s(efore)f(the)h(command)
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9731 (as)e(necessary)-8 b(,)37 b(to)e(indicate)g(m)m(ultiple)g(lev)m(els)h
9732 (of)630 2929 y(indirection.)41 b(The)30 b(default)h(is)f(`)p
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9734 (orking)h(directory)g(as)f(set)h(b)m(y)f(the)h Fs(cd)f
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9736 b(time)g(this)f(parameter)g(is)g(referenced,)h(a)f(random)g(in)m(teger)
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9739 b(ariable)31 b(seeds)g(the)g(random)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(gen-)630
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9767 b(.)p eop end
9768 %%Page: 69 75
9769 TeXDict begin 69 74 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(5:)41
9770 b(Shell)30 b(V)-8 b(ariables)2459 b(69)150 299 y Fs(SHLVL)240
9771 b Ft(Incremen)m(ted)21 b(b)m(y)g(one)g(eac)m(h)h(time)f(a)h(new)e
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9788 b Ft(The)30 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(CPU)g(seconds)h(sp)s(en)m(t)f(in)g
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9794 Fq(p)g Ft(is)e(a)g(digit)h(sp)s(ecifying)e(the)h(precision,)i(the)e(n)m
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9801 Ft(greater)g(than)e(3)h(are)f(c)m(hanged)h(to)g(3.)42
9802 b(If)29 b Fq(p)k Ft(is)d(not)h(sp)s(eci\014ed,)f(the)h(v)-5
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9806 b Ft(m)p Fq(SS)p Ft(.)p Fq(FF)d Ft(s.)103 b(The)50 b(v)-5
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9809 b(this)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(not)f(set,)i(Bash)e(acts)h(as)g(if)f
9810 (it)h(had)f(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)870 3024 y Fs
9811 ($'\\nreal\\t\0453lR\\nuser\\t\0453)o(lU\\n)o(sys\\)o(t\0453)o(lS')630
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9820 y(\(see)f(Section)h(3.2.4.2)g([Conditional)g(Constructs],)e(page)i
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9828 (um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(seconds)f(if)g(input)g(do)s(es)g(not)g(arriv)m(e.)
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9832 (shell's)g(use.)150 4538 y Fs(UID)336 b Ft(The)30 b(n)m(umeric)g(real)h
9833 (user)f(id)g(of)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(user.)40 b(This)30
9834 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)f(readonly)-8 b(.)p eop end
9835 %%Page: 70 76
9836 TeXDict begin 70 75 bop 150 -116 a Ft(70)2572 b(Bash)31
9837 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)p eop end
9838 %%Page: 71 77
9839 TeXDict begin 71 76 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
9840 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(71)150 299 y Fo(6)80
9841 b(Bash)54 b(F)-13 b(eatures)275 537 y Ft(This)29 b(section)j(describ)s
9842 (es)d(features)i(unique)e(to)j(Bash.)150 798 y Fr(6.1)68
9843 b(In)l(v)l(oking)46 b(Bash)390 1017 y Fs(bash)h([long-opt])e([-ir])h
9844 ([-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP])c([-o)47 b Fj(option)11 b Fs(])45
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9847 ([-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP])c([-o)47 b Fj(option)11 b Fs(])46
9848 b([-O)g Fj(shopt_option)11 b Fs(])44 b(-c)j Fj(string)57
9849 b Fs([)p Fj(ar-)390 1346 y(gument)g Fs(...)o(])390 1455
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9851 b([-o)k Fj(option)11 b Fs(])46 b([-O)h Fj(shopt_option)11
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9864 2410 y(a)35 b(description)f(of)h(the)g Fs(extdebug)d
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9897 (ok)m(ed)h(as)e Fs(sh)p Ft(.)p eop end
9898 %%Page: 72 78
9899 TeXDict begin 72 77 bop 150 -116 a Ft(72)2572 b(Bash)31
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9907 628 y(for)k(a)h(description)f(of)h(the)f(Bash)h Fl(posix)f
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9909 b(the)e(shell)g(a)h(restricted)g(shell)f(\(see)h(Section)g(6.10)h([The)
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9973 %%Page: 73 79
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10047 %%Page: 74 80
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10109 b(If)40 b(Bash)h(determines)f(it)h(is)g(b)s(eing)f(run)f(in)i(this)f
10110 (fashion,)j(it)e(reads)g(and)f(executes)150 5011 y(commands)26
10111 b(from)f(`)p Fs(~/.bashrc)p Ft(',)g(if)i(that)f(\014le)g(exists)h(and)f
10112 (is)g(readable.)40 b(It)26 b(will)g(not)g(do)g(this)g(if)g(in)m(v)m(ok)
10113 m(ed)150 5121 y(as)g Fs(sh)p Ft(.)39 b(The)25 b(`)p Fs(--norc)p
10114 Ft(')g(option)h(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)i(inhibit)e(this)h(b)s(eha)m
10115 (vior,)h(and)e(the)h(`)p Fs(--rcfile)p Ft(')e(option)150
10116 5230 y(ma)m(y)33 b(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)h(force)h(another)f(\014le)g(to)g
10117 (b)s(e)g(read,)g(but)f Fs(rshd)g Ft(do)s(es)h(not)g(generally)h(in)m(v)
10118 m(ok)m(e)h(the)e(shell)150 5340 y(with)d(those)h(options)g(or)f(allo)m
10119 (w)i(them)e(to)h(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)p eop end
10120 %%Page: 75 81
10121 TeXDict begin 75 80 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
10122 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(75)150 299 y Fk(In)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)40
10123 b(with)g(unequal)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)e(and)i(real)g Fh(uid/gid)p
10124 Fk(s)275 538 y Ft(If)26 b(Bash)i(is)f(started)h(with)f(the)g
10125 (e\013ectiv)m(e)j(user)d(\(group\))g(id)g(not)h(equal)g(to)g(the)f
10126 (real)h(user)f(\(group\))g(id,)150 648 y(and)f(the)i
10127 Fs(-p)e Ft(option)h(is)g(not)h(supplied,)e(no)h(startup)g(\014les)g
10128 (are)g(read,)h(shell)f(functions)g(are)g(not)g(inherited)150
10129 757 y(from)g(the)h(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)h(the)f Fs(SHELLOPTS)d
10130 Ft(v)-5 b(ariable,)29 b(if)f(it)g(app)s(ears)f(in)g(the)h(en)m
10131 (vironmen)m(t,)h(is)f(ignored,)150 867 y(and)f(the)h(e\013ectiv)m(e)j
10132 (user)c(id)g(is)h(set)g(to)h(the)f(real)g(user)f(id.)40
10133 b(If)27 b(the)h Fs(-p)g Ft(option)g(is)g(supplied)e(at)j(in)m(v)m(o)s
10134 (cation,)150 977 y(the)i(startup)f(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(is)g(the)h(same,)g
10135 (but)f(the)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(user)d(id)g(is)g(not)h(reset.)150
10136 1220 y Fr(6.3)68 b(In)l(teractiv)l(e)47 b(Shells)150
10137 1540 y Fk(6.3.1)63 b(What)40 b(is)h(an)g(In)m(teractiv)m(e)e(Shell?)275
10138 1779 y Ft(An)25 b(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(is)h(one)f(started)h
10139 (without)g(non-option)f(argumen)m(ts,)i(unless)e(`)p
10140 Fs(-s)p Ft(')g(is)g(sp)s(eci\014ed,)150 1889 y(without)34
10141 b(sp)s(ecifying)h(the)f(`)p Fs(-c)p Ft(')g(option,)j(and)c(whose)h
10142 (input)g(and)g(error)g(output)g(are)g(b)s(oth)g(connected)150
10143 1998 y(to)d(terminals)g(\(as)g(determined)f(b)m(y)g Fs(isatty\(3\))p
10144 Ft(\),)f(or)h(one)h(started)f(with)g(the)h(`)p Fs(-i)p
10145 Ft(')f(option.)275 2128 y(An)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(generally)i
10146 (reads)e(from)g(and)g(writes)g(to)h(a)g(user's)f(terminal.)275
10147 2258 y(The)e(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft(')i(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)h(option)f(ma)m(y)g
10148 (b)s(e)f(used)f(to)i(set)g(the)g(p)s(ositional)g(parameters)f(when)g
10149 (an)g(in)m(ter-)150 2367 y(activ)m(e)k(shell)d(is)h(started.)150
10150 2577 y Fk(6.3.2)63 b(Is)41 b(this)g(Shell)g(In)m(teractiv)m(e?)275
10151 2817 y Ft(T)-8 b(o)32 b(determine)g(within)g(a)g(startup)g(script)g
10152 (whether)g(or)g(not)g(Bash)g(is)g(running)f(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8
10153 b(,)36 b(test)150 2926 y(the)42 b(v)-5 b(alue)42 b(of)f(the)h(`)p
10154 Fs(-)p Ft(')g(sp)s(ecial)g(parameter.)75 b(It)41 b(con)m(tains)i
10155 Fs(i)e Ft(when)g(the)h(shell)f(is)h(in)m(teractiv)m(e.)77
10156 b(F)-8 b(or)150 3036 y(example:)390 3166 y Fs(case)47
10157 b("$-")f(in)390 3275 y(*i*\))h(echo)f(This)h(shell)f(is)h(interactive)e
10158 (;;)390 3385 y(*\))i(echo)g(This)f(shell)h(is)g(not)g(interactive)e(;;)
10159 390 3495 y(esac)275 3624 y Ft(Alternativ)m(ely)-8 b(,)28
10160 b(startup)23 b(scripts)h(ma)m(y)g(examine)g(the)g(v)-5
10161 b(ariable)25 b Fs(PS1)p Ft(;)g(it)g(is)e(unset)h(in)f(non-in)m
10162 (teractiv)m(e)150 3734 y(shells,)31 b(and)e(set)i(in)f(in)m(teractiv)m
10163 (e)k(shells.)40 b(Th)m(us:)390 3864 y Fs(if)47 b([)h(-z)f("$PS1")f(];)h
10164 (then)772 3973 y(echo)f(This)h(shell)f(is)i(not)f(interactive)390
10165 4083 y(else)772 4193 y(echo)f(This)h(shell)f(is)i(interactive)390
10166 4302 y(fi)150 4512 y Fk(6.3.3)63 b(In)m(teractiv)m(e)38
10167 b(Shell)k(Beha)m(vior)275 4752 y Ft(When)30 b(the)g(shell)h(is)f
10168 (running)f(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8 b(,)34 b(it)d(c)m(hanges)g(its)g(b)s
10169 (eha)m(vior)g(in)f(sev)m(eral)h(w)m(a)m(ys.)199 4881
10170 y(1.)61 b(Startup)37 b(\014les)g(are)h(read)f(and)g(executed)h(as)f
10171 (describ)s(ed)g(in)g(Section)h(6.2)g([Bash)g(Startup)e(Files],)330
10172 4991 y(page)31 b(73.)199 5121 y(2.)61 b(Job)35 b(Con)m(trol)g(\(see)h
10173 (Chapter)f(7)g([Job)g(Con)m(trol],)i(page)f(89\))g(is)f(enabled)g(b)m
10174 (y)g(default.)55 b(When)34 b(job)330 5230 y(con)m(trol)h(is)f(in)f
10175 (e\013ect,)k(Bash)d(ignores)g(the)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard-generated)h(job)e
10176 (con)m(trol)i(signals)g Fs(SIGTTIN)p Ft(,)330 5340 y
10177 Fs(SIGTTOU)p Ft(,)29 b(and)g Fs(SIGTSTP)p Ft(.)p eop
10178 end
10179 %%Page: 76 82
10180 TeXDict begin 76 81 bop 150 -116 a Ft(76)2572 b(Bash)31
10181 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)199 299 y(3.)61 b(Bash)39 b(expands)f(and)g
10182 (displa)m(ys)h Fs(PS1)f Ft(b)s(efore)h(reading)g(the)g(\014rst)f(line)h
10183 (of)g(a)g(command,)i(and)d(ex-)330 408 y(pands)30 b(and)g(displa)m(ys)h
10184 Fs(PS2)e Ft(b)s(efore)i(reading)g(the)g(second)f(and)h(subsequen)m(t)f
10185 (lines)h(of)g(a)g(m)m(ulti-line)330 518 y(command.)199
10186 669 y(4.)61 b(Bash)26 b(executes)i(the)e(v)-5 b(alue)27
10187 b(of)f(the)h Fs(PROMPT_COMMAND)22 b Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)27
10188 b(as)g(a)f(command)g(b)s(efore)g(prin)m(ting)330 779
10189 y(the)31 b(primary)e(prompt,)h Fs($PS1)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(5.2)h
10190 ([Bash)f(V)-8 b(ariables],)32 b(page)f(61\).)199 930
10191 y(5.)61 b(Readline)30 b(\(see)h(Chapter)e(8)h([Command)e(Line)i
10192 (Editing],)g(page)g(93\))h(is)f(used)f(to)h(read)f(commands)330
10193 1039 y(from)h(the)g(user's)g(terminal.)199 1190 y(6.)61
10194 b(Bash)36 b(insp)s(ects)g(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)f(the)g
10195 Fs(ignoreeof)e Ft(option)j(to)g Fs(set)29 b(-o)36 b Ft(instead)h(of)f
10196 (exiting)i(imme-)330 1300 y(diately)f(when)e(it)i(receiv)m(es)h(an)e
10197 Fs(EOF)f Ft(on)h(its)g(standard)f(input)g(when)h(reading)g(a)g(command)
10198 g(\(see)330 1409 y(Section)31 b(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g
10199 (51\).)199 1560 y(7.)61 b(Command)43 b(history)h(\(see)h(Section)g(9.1)
10200 g([Bash)f(History)h(F)-8 b(acilities],)51 b(page)45 b(121\))h(and)d
10201 (history)330 1670 y(expansion)23 b(\(see)i(Section)f(9.3)h([History)f
10202 (In)m(teraction],)j(page)d(123\))h(are)f(enabled)g(b)m(y)f(default.)39
10203 b(Bash)330 1779 y(will)23 b(sa)m(v)m(e)i(the)e(command)f(history)h(to)h
10204 (the)f(\014le)g(named)f(b)m(y)h Fs($HISTFILE)d Ft(when)i(an)h(in)m
10205 (teractiv)m(e)j(shell)330 1889 y(exits.)199 2040 y(8.)61
10206 b(Alias)31 b(expansion)g(\(see)g(Section)g(6.6)g([Aliases],)i(page)e
10207 (79\))h(is)e(p)s(erformed)f(b)m(y)h(default.)199 2191
10208 y(9.)61 b(In)24 b(the)g(absence)h(of)f(an)m(y)h(traps,)g(Bash)g
10209 (ignores)f Fs(SIGTERM)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(3.7.6)h([Signals],)g(page)
10210 f(33\).)154 2342 y(10.)61 b(In)26 b(the)h(absence)h(of)f(an)m(y)g
10211 (traps,)g Fs(SIGINT)e Ft(is)i(caugh)m(t)h(and)f(handled)e(\(\(see)k
10212 (Section)e(3.7.6)i([Signals],)330 2451 y(page)i(33\).)42
10213 b Fs(SIGINT)29 b Ft(will)h(in)m(terrupt)g(some)h(shell)g(builtins.)154
10214 2602 y(11.)61 b(An)40 b(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(login)e(shell)g(sends)e(a)i
10215 Fs(SIGHUP)d Ft(to)j(all)g(jobs)f(on)g(exit)h(if)g(the)f
10216 Fs(huponexit)e Ft(shell)330 2712 y(option)31 b(has)f(b)s(een)g(enabled)
10217 g(\(see)h(Section)g(3.7.6)i([Signals],)e(page)g(33\).)154
10218 2863 y(12.)61 b(The)26 b(`)p Fs(-n)p Ft(')f(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation)k
10219 (option)d(is)g(ignored,)h(and)f(`)p Fs(set)k(-n)p Ft(')25
10220 b(has)h(no)g(e\013ect)i(\(see)e(Section)h(4.3.1)h([The)330
10221 2972 y(Set)j(Builtin],)g(page)g(51\).)154 3123 y(13.)61
10222 b(Bash)32 b(will)g(c)m(hec)m(k)i(for)e(mail)g(p)s(erio)s(dically)-8
10223 b(,)34 b(dep)s(ending)c(on)i(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)32 b(of)g(the)h
10224 Fs(MAIL)p Ft(,)e Fs(MAILPATH)p Ft(,)330 3233 y(and)f
10225 Fs(MAILCHECK)e Ft(shell)i(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b(\(see)h(Section)f(5.2)g
10226 ([Bash)g(V)-8 b(ariables],)32 b(page)f(61\).)154 3384
10227 y(14.)61 b(Expansion)32 b(errors)h(due)f(to)i(references)f(to)h(un)m(b)
10228 s(ound)c(shell)j(v)-5 b(ariables)34 b(after)g(`)p Fs(set)29
10229 b(-u)p Ft(')k(has)g(b)s(een)330 3494 y(enabled)d(will)h(not)g(cause)g
10230 (the)f(shell)h(to)g(exit)g(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.1)g([The)e(Set)h
10231 (Builtin],)g(page)g(51\).)154 3644 y(15.)61 b(The)48
10232 b(shell)h(will)f(not)h(exit)g(on)g(expansion)f(errors)g(caused)g(b)m(y)
10233 h Fq(v)-5 b(ar)54 b Ft(b)s(eing)48 b(unset)g(or)h(n)m(ull)f(in)330
10234 3754 y Fs(${)p Fj(var)11 b Fs(:?)p Fj(word)g Fs(})26
10235 b Ft(expansions)k(\(see)h(Section)h(3.5.3)g([Shell)e(P)m(arameter)i
10236 (Expansion],)e(page)h(20\).)154 3905 y(16.)61 b(Redirection)31
10237 b(errors)f(encoun)m(tered)h(b)m(y)f(shell)h(builtins)f(will)g(not)h
10238 (cause)g(the)f(shell)h(to)g(exit.)154 4056 y(17.)61 b(When)26
10239 b(running)f(in)i Fl(posix)e Ft(mo)s(de,)j(a)f(sp)s(ecial)g(builtin)f
10240 (returning)g(an)g(error)h(status)g(will)g(not)f(cause)330
10241 4166 y(the)31 b(shell)f(to)h(exit)h(\(see)f(Section)g(6.11)h([Bash)f
10242 (POSIX)e(Mo)s(de],)i(page)g(85\).)154 4316 y(18.)61 b(A)34
10243 b(failed)g Fs(exec)f Ft(will)h(not)g(cause)g(the)g(shell)g(to)g(exit)h
10244 (\(see)f(Section)h(4.1)g([Bourne)f(Shell)f(Builtins],)330
10245 4426 y(page)e(35\).)154 4577 y(19.)61 b(P)m(arser)31
10246 b(syn)m(tax)f(errors)g(will)h(not)g(cause)g(the)f(shell)h(to)g(exit.)
10247 154 4728 y(20.)61 b(Simple)21 b(sp)s(elling)h(correction)g(for)g
10248 (directory)g(argumen)m(ts)f(to)i(the)e Fs(cd)g Ft(builtin)g(is)h
10249 (enabled)f(b)m(y)h(default)330 4838 y(\(see)35 b(the)g(description)f
10250 (of)h(the)f Fs(cdspell)f Ft(option)h(to)i(the)e Fs(shopt)f
10251 Ft(builtin)h(in)g(Section)h(4.3.2)h([The)330 4947 y(Shopt)30
10252 b(Builtin],)h(page)g(54\).)154 5098 y(21.)61 b(The)42
10253 b(shell)h(will)g(c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(of)f(the)h
10254 Fs(TMOUT)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)44 b(and)e(exit)h(if)g(a)g(command)f(is)h
10255 (not)330 5208 y(read)30 b(within)g(the)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(n)m(um)m(b)s
10256 (er)g(of)i(seconds)f(after)g(prin)m(ting)g Fs($PS1)f
10257 Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(5.2)h([Bash)330 5317 y(V)-8 b(ariables],)32
10258 b(page)f(61\).)p eop end
10259 %%Page: 77 83
10260 TeXDict begin 77 82 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
10261 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(77)150 299 y Fr(6.4)68
10262 b(Bash)45 b(Conditional)h(Expressions)275 540 y Ft(Conditional)38
10263 b(expressions)g(are)h(used)f(b)m(y)g(the)g Fs([[)g Ft(comp)s(ound)f
10264 (command)h(and)g(the)g Fs(test)g Ft(and)f Fs([)150 650
10265 y Ft(builtin)30 b(commands.)275 782 y(Expressions)i(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g
10266 (unary)f(or)h(binary)-8 b(.)48 b(Unary)33 b(expressions)f(are)i(often)f
10267 (used)f(to)i(examine)g(the)150 892 y(status)26 b(of)g(a)h(\014le.)39
10268 b(There)26 b(are)g(string)g(op)s(erators)g(and)g(n)m(umeric)f
10269 (comparison)i(op)s(erators)f(as)g(w)m(ell.)40 b(If)26
10270 b(the)150 1001 y Fq(\014le)38 b Ft(argumen)m(t)c(to)f(one)h(of)f(the)g
10271 (primaries)g(is)g(of)g(the)g(form)g(`)p Fs(/dev/fd/)p
10272 Fj(N)11 b Ft(',)31 b(then)i(\014le)g(descriptor)g Fq(N)43
10273 b Ft(is)150 1111 y(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed.)e(If)26 b(the)g
10274 Fq(\014le)31 b Ft(argumen)m(t)26 b(to)h(one)f(of)g(the)h(primaries)e
10275 (is)h(one)g(of)g(`)p Fs(/dev/stdin)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(/dev/stdout)p
10276 Ft(',)150 1220 y(or)30 b(`)p Fs(/dev/stderr)p Ft(',)e(\014le)j
10277 (descriptor)f(0,)h(1,)g(or)g(2,)g(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8
10278 b(,)32 b(is)e(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed.)275 1352 y(Unless)44
10279 b(otherwise)h(sp)s(eci\014ed,)j(primaries)c(that)h(op)s(erate)g(on)g
10280 (\014les)f(follo)m(w)i(sym)m(b)s(olic)f(links)g(and)150
10281 1462 y(op)s(erate)31 b(on)f(the)h(target)h(of)e(the)h(link,)f(rather)h
10282 (than)f(the)g(link)h(itself.)150 1616 y Fs(-a)f Fj(file)162
10283 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists.)150
10284 1771 y Fs(-b)30 b Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g
10285 Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(blo)s(c)m(k)g(sp)s(ecial)g
10286 (\014le.)150 1925 y Fs(-c)f Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30
10287 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(c)m(haracter)h(sp)s
10288 (ecial)f(\014le.)150 2079 y Fs(-d)f Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8
10289 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(directory)
10290 -8 b(.)150 2233 y Fs(-e)30 b Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30
10291 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists.)150 2388 y Fs(-f)30
10292 b Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36
10293 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(regular)f(\014le.)150
10294 2542 y Fs(-g)g Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g
10295 Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(its)g(set-group-id)h(bit)g(is)f
10296 (set.)150 2696 y Fs(-h)g Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30
10297 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)g
10298 (link.)150 2851 y Fs(-k)f Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30
10299 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(its)g Fs(")p
10300 Ft(stic)m(ky)p Fs(")h Ft(bit)g(is)f(set.)150 3005 y Fs(-p)g
10301 Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b
10302 Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(named)f(pip)s(e)f(\(FIF)m(O\).)150
10303 3159 y Fs(-r)h Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g
10304 Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(readable.)150
10305 3314 y Fs(-s)g Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g
10306 Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(has)g(a)g(size)i(greater)f(than)f
10307 (zero.)150 3468 y Fs(-t)g Fj(fd)258 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30
10308 b(if)g(\014le)h(descriptor)f Fq(fd)j Ft(is)e(op)s(en)e(and)h(refers)g
10309 (to)h(a)g(terminal.)150 3622 y Fs(-u)f Fj(file)162 b
10310 Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(its)g
10311 (set-user-id)h(bit)f(is)h(set.)150 3777 y Fs(-w)f Fj(file)162
10312 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31
10313 b(and)f(is)g(writable.)150 3931 y Fs(-x)g Fj(file)162
10314 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31
10315 b(and)f(is)g(executable.)150 4085 y Fs(-O)g Fj(file)162
10316 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31
10317 b(and)f(is)g(o)m(wned)g(b)m(y)h(the)f(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(user)d(id.)150
10318 4240 y Fs(-G)g Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g
10319 Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(o)m(wned)g(b)m(y)h(the)f
10320 (e\013ectiv)m(e)j(group)d(id.)150 4394 y Fs(-L)g Fj(file)162
10321 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b Ft(exists)31
10322 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)g(link.)150 4548 y Fs(-S)f
10323 Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36 b
10324 Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(is)g(a)h(so)s(c)m(k)m(et.)150 4703
10325 y Fs(-N)f Fj(file)162 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le)36
10326 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f(has)g(b)s(een)f(mo)s(di\014ed)h(since)g(it)h(w)m
10327 (as)g(last)g(read.)150 4857 y Fj(file1)39 b Fs(-nt)30
10328 b Fj(file2)630 4966 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)23 b(if)h Fq(\014le1)32
10329 b Ft(is)24 b(new)m(er)g(\(according)h(to)g(mo)s(di\014cation)f(date\))h
10330 (than)f Fq(\014le2)p Ft(,)i(or)e(if)g Fq(\014le1)31 b
10331 Ft(exists)630 5076 y(and)f Fq(\014le2)38 b Ft(do)s(es)30
10332 b(not.)150 5230 y Fj(file1)39 b Fs(-ot)30 b Fj(file2)630
10333 5340 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le1)38 b Ft(is)31
10334 b(older)f(than)g Fq(\014le2)p Ft(,)i(or)e(if)g Fq(\014le2)38
10335 b Ft(exists)31 b(and)f Fq(\014le1)38 b Ft(do)s(es)30
10336 b(not.)p eop end
10337 %%Page: 78 84
10338 TeXDict begin 78 83 bop 150 -116 a Ft(78)2572 b(Bash)31
10339 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fj(file1)39 b Fs(-ef)30
10340 b Fj(file2)630 408 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(\014le1)38
10341 b Ft(and)30 b Fq(\014le2)38 b Ft(refer)30 b(to)i(the)e(same)h(device)g
10342 (and)f(ino)s(de)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)150 570 y Fs(-o)g
10343 Fj(optname)630 679 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)41 b(if)g(shell)g(option)h
10344 Fq(optname)47 b Ft(is)41 b(enabled.)73 b(The)41 b(list)h(of)f(options)g
10345 (app)s(ears)g(in)g(the)630 789 y(description)h(of)f(the)h(`)p
10346 Fs(-o)p Ft(')f(option)h(to)h(the)e Fs(set)g Ft(builtin)g(\(see)i
10347 (Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)f(Set)630 898 y(Builtin],)31
10348 b(page)g(51\).)150 1060 y Fs(-z)f Fj(string)630 1169
10349 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(the)h(length)g(of)f Fq(string)38
10350 b Ft(is)31 b(zero.)150 1330 y Fs(-n)f Fj(string)150 1440
10351 y(string)192 b Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(the)h(length)g(of)f
10352 Fq(string)38 b Ft(is)31 b(non-zero.)150 1601 y Fj(string1)39
10353 b Fs(==)30 b Fj(string2)630 1711 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)33 b(if)h(the)g
10354 (strings)f(are)h(equal.)51 b(`)p Fs(=)p Ft(')34 b(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f
10355 (used)g(in)g(place)i(of)e(`)p Fs(==)p Ft(')h(for)f(strict)i
10356 Fl(posix)630 1820 y Ft(compliance.)150 1981 y Fj(string1)k
10357 Fs(!=)30 b Fj(string2)630 2091 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g(the)h(strings)
10358 f(are)h(not)f(equal.)150 2252 y Fj(string1)39 b Fs(<)30
10359 b Fj(string2)630 2362 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g Fq(string1)38
10360 b Ft(sorts)31 b(b)s(efore)f Fq(string2)38 b Ft(lexicographically)33
10361 b(in)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f(lo)s(cale.)150 2523 y Fj(string1)39
10362 b Fs(>)30 b Fj(string2)630 2632 y Ft(T)-8 b(rue)30 b(if)g
10363 Fq(string1)38 b Ft(sorts)31 b(after)g Fq(string2)38 b
10364 Ft(lexicographically)33 b(in)d(the)g(curren)m(t)h(lo)s(cale.)150
10365 2794 y Fj(arg1)40 b Fs(OP)29 b Fj(arg2)630 2903 y Fs(OP)k
10366 Ft(is)h(one)g(of)h(`)p Fs(-eq)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(-ne)p
10367 Ft(',)h(`)p Fs(-lt)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(-le)p Ft(',)f(`)p
10368 Fs(-gt)p Ft(',)h(or)f(`)p Fs(-ge)p Ft('.)51 b(These)34
10369 b(arithmetic)h(binary)630 3013 y(op)s(erators)h(return)e(true)i(if)f
10370 Fq(arg1)44 b Ft(is)36 b(equal)g(to,)i(not)e(equal)g(to,)i(less)e(than,)
10371 h(less)f(than)f(or)630 3122 y(equal)29 b(to,)g(greater)h(than,)e(or)g
10372 (greater)i(than)d(or)i(equal)f(to)h Fq(arg2)p Ft(,)h(resp)s(ectiv)m
10373 (ely)-8 b(.)42 b Fq(Arg1)36 b Ft(and)630 3232 y Fq(arg2)j
10374 Ft(ma)m(y)30 b(b)s(e)g(p)s(ositiv)m(e)i(or)e(negativ)m(e)j(in)m
10375 (tegers.)150 3494 y Fr(6.5)68 b(Shell)45 b(Arithmetic)275
10376 3740 y Ft(The)34 b(shell)g(allo)m(ws)i(arithmetic)g(expressions)f(to)g
10377 (b)s(e)f(ev)-5 b(aluated,)37 b(as)e(one)g(of)g(the)f(shell)h
10378 (expansions)150 3849 y(or)30 b(b)m(y)h(the)f Fs(let)g
10379 Ft(and)f(the)i(`)p Fs(-i)p Ft(')f(option)h(to)g(the)g
10380 Fs(declare)d Ft(builtins.)275 3985 y(Ev)-5 b(aluation)27
10381 b(is)g(done)f(in)g(\014xed-width)g(in)m(tegers)i(with)e(no)h(c)m(hec)m
10382 (k)h(for)e(o)m(v)m(er\015o)m(w,)j(though)d(division)h(b)m(y)150
10383 4095 y(0)g(is)g(trapp)s(ed)f(and)h(\015agged)g(as)h(an)f(error.)39
10384 b(The)26 b(op)s(erators)h(and)g(their)g(precedence,)h(asso)s(ciativit)m
10385 (y)-8 b(,)32 b(and)150 4205 y(v)-5 b(alues)35 b(are)h(the)f(same)g(as)h
10386 (in)e(the)h(C)g(language.)56 b(The)35 b(follo)m(wing)h(list)g(of)f(op)s
10387 (erators)g(is)g(group)s(ed)f(in)m(to)150 4314 y(lev)m(els)27
10388 b(of)f(equal-precedence)i(op)s(erators.)39 b(The)25 b(lev)m(els)j(are)e
10389 (listed)h(in)e(order)h(of)g(decreasing)g(precedence.)150
10390 4476 y Fj(id)11 b Fs(++)29 b Fj(id)p Fs(--)630 4586 y
10391 Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(p)s(ost-incremen)m(t)g(and)f(p)s(ost-decremen)m
10392 (t)150 4747 y Fs(++)p Fj(id)40 b Fs(--)p Fj(id)630 4857
10393 y Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(pre-incremen)m(t)g(and)f(pre-decremen)m(t)150
10394 5018 y Fs(-)g(+)354 b Ft(unary)29 b(min)m(us)h(and)g(plus)150
10395 5179 y Fs(!)g(~)354 b Ft(logical)33 b(and)d(bit)m(wise)h(negation)150
10396 5340 y Fs(**)384 b Ft(exp)s(onen)m(tiation)p eop end
10397 %%Page: 79 85
10398 TeXDict begin 79 84 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
10399 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(79)150 299 y Fs(*)30
10400 b(/)g(\045)276 b Ft(m)m(ultiplication,)33 b(division,)d(remainder)150
10401 464 y Fs(+)g(-)354 b Ft(addition,)31 b(subtraction)150
10402 630 y Fs(<<)f(>>)258 b Ft(left)31 b(and)f(righ)m(t)h(bit)m(wise)g
10403 (shifts)150 795 y Fs(<=)f(>=)g(<)g(>)102 b Ft(comparison)150
10404 961 y Fs(==)30 b(!=)258 b Ft(equalit)m(y)32 b(and)e(inequalit)m(y)150
10405 1126 y Fs(&)432 b Ft(bit)m(wise)31 b(AND)150 1292 y Fs(^)432
10406 b Ft(bit)m(wise)31 b(exclusiv)m(e)h(OR)150 1458 y Fs(|)432
10407 b Ft(bit)m(wise)31 b(OR)150 1623 y Fs(&&)384 b Ft(logical)33
10408 b(AND)150 1789 y Fs(||)384 b Ft(logical)33 b(OR)150 1954
10409 y Fs(expr)c(?)h(expr)f(:)h(expr)630 2064 y Ft(conditional)i(op)s
10410 (erator)150 2229 y Fs(=)e(*=)g(/=)g(\045=)f(+=)h(-=)g(<<=)f(>>=)h(&=)g
10411 (^=)f(|=)630 2339 y Ft(assignmen)m(t)150 2504 y Fs(expr1)g(,)h(expr2)
10412 630 2614 y Ft(comma)275 2782 y(Shell)38 b(v)-5 b(ariables)39
10413 b(are)g(allo)m(w)m(ed)i(as)e(op)s(erands;)i(parameter)e(expansion)g(is)
10414 f(p)s(erformed)g(b)s(efore)g(the)150 2892 y(expression)g(is)g(ev)-5
10415 b(aluated.)66 b(Within)38 b(an)h(expression,)h(shell)e(v)-5
10416 b(ariables)39 b(ma)m(y)g(also)g(b)s(e)f(referenced)g(b)m(y)150
10417 3002 y(name)31 b(without)f(using)g(the)h(parameter)g(expansion)f(syn)m
10418 (tax.)42 b(A)31 b(shell)f(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(that)f(is)f(n)m(ull)h(or)
10419 f(unset)150 3111 y(ev)-5 b(aluates)41 b(to)f(0)g(when)e(referenced)h(b)
10420 m(y)g(name)h(without)f(using)g(the)g(parameter)h(expansion)f(syn)m
10421 (tax.)150 3221 y(The)c(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(of)f(a)h(v)-5
10422 b(ariable)36 b(is)g(ev)-5 b(aluated)38 b(as)e(an)g(arithmetic)h
10423 (expression)f(when)f(it)h(is)g(referenced,)i(or)150 3330
10424 y(when)31 b(a)i(v)-5 b(ariable)33 b(whic)m(h)f(has)g(b)s(een)f(giv)m
10425 (en)j(the)e Fq(in)m(teger)40 b Ft(attribute)33 b(using)f(`)p
10426 Fs(declare)d(-i)p Ft(')i(is)i(assigned)150 3440 y(a)k(v)-5
10427 b(alue.)58 b(A)36 b(n)m(ull)g(v)-5 b(alue)37 b(ev)-5
10428 b(aluates)38 b(to)f(0.)58 b(A)36 b(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable)36
10429 b(need)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(its)g(in)m(teger)g(attribute)150
10430 3550 y(turned)29 b(on)h(to)i(b)s(e)d(used)h(in)g(an)g(expression.)275
10431 3690 y(Constan)m(ts)41 b(with)g(a)h(leading)f(0)h(are)g(in)m(terpreted)
10432 f(as)g(o)s(ctal)i(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers.)72 b(A)41 b(leading)h(`)p
10433 Fs(0x)p Ft(')f(or)g(`)p Fs(0X)p Ft(')150 3800 y(denotes)31
10434 b(hexadecimal.)43 b(Otherwise,)31 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)e(tak)m(e)k(the)e
10435 (form)f([)p Fq(base)5 b Fs(#)p Ft(])p Fq(n)p Ft(,)31
10436 b(where)f Fq(base)36 b Ft(is)31 b(a)g(decimal)150 3909
10437 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)26 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(2)f(and)g(64)h(represen)m
10438 (ting)g(the)f(arithmetic)h(base,)h(and)d Fq(n)h Ft(is)g(a)h(n)m(um)m(b)
10439 s(er)e(in)h(that)h(base.)150 4019 y(If)39 b Fq(base)5
10440 b Fs(#)40 b Ft(is)g(omitted,)j(then)d(base)g(10)g(is)g(used.)68
10441 b(The)39 b(digits)i(greater)g(than)e(9)h(are)g(represen)m(ted)g(b)m(y)
10442 150 4129 y(the)34 b(lo)m(w)m(ercase)h(letters,)h(the)d(upp)s(ercase)g
10443 (letters,)i(`)p Fs(@)p Ft(',)g(and)e(`)p Fs(_)p Ft(',)h(in)f(that)h
10444 (order.)50 b(If)32 b Fq(base)39 b Ft(is)34 b(less)f(than)150
10445 4238 y(or)i(equal)g(to)g(36,)i(lo)m(w)m(ercase)g(and)e(upp)s(ercase)e
10446 (letters)j(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(used)g(in)m(terc)m(hangeably)i(to)g
10447 (represen)m(t)150 4348 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)29 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(10)g
10448 (and)f(35.)275 4488 y(Op)s(erators)44 b(are)h(ev)-5 b(aluated)46
10449 b(in)f(order)f(of)h(precedence.)85 b(Sub-expressions)44
10450 b(in)g(paren)m(theses)i(are)150 4598 y(ev)-5 b(aluated)32
10451 b(\014rst)d(and)h(ma)m(y)h(o)m(v)m(erride)g(the)g(precedence)g(rules)f
10452 (ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)150 4871 y Fr(6.6)68 b(Aliases)275 5121
10453 y Fq(Aliases)34 b Ft(allo)m(w)d(a)g(string)e(to)i(b)s(e)e(substituted)g
10454 (for)h(a)g(w)m(ord)f(when)g(it)h(is)g(used)f(as)h(the)g(\014rst)f(w)m
10455 (ord)h(of)g(a)150 5230 y(simple)i(command.)45 b(The)31
10456 b(shell)i(main)m(tains)f(a)h(list)f(of)g(aliases)i(that)e(ma)m(y)h(b)s
10457 (e)e(set)h(and)g(unset)f(with)h(the)150 5340 y Fs(alias)d
10458 Ft(and)h Fs(unalias)e Ft(builtin)i(commands.)p eop end
10459 %%Page: 80 86
10460 TeXDict begin 80 85 bop 150 -116 a Ft(80)2572 b(Bash)31
10461 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)275 299 y(The)e(\014rst)f(w)m(ord)i(of)f(eac)m
10462 (h)i(simple)f(command,)g(if)f(unquoted,)g(is)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)h(to)g
10463 (see)f(if)g(it)g(has)f(an)g(alias.)150 408 y(If)24 b(so,)i(that)g(w)m
10464 (ord)e(is)h(replaced)g(b)m(y)f(the)h(text)h(of)e(the)h(alias.)40
10465 b(The)24 b(c)m(haracters)i(`)p Fs(/)p Ft(',)h(`)p Fs($)p
10466 Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(`)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(=)p Ft(')f(and)f(an)m(y)h(of)150
10467 518 y(the)e(shell)g(metac)m(haracters)i(or)e(quoting)g(c)m(haracters)h
10468 (listed)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(ma)m(y)f(not)g(app)s(ear)f(in)h(an)g(alias)h
10469 (name.)150 628 y(The)e(replacemen)m(t)h(text)g(ma)m(y)g(con)m(tain)h
10470 (an)m(y)e(v)-5 b(alid)23 b(shell)f(input,)h(including)f(shell)g(metac)m
10471 (haracters.)40 b(The)150 737 y(\014rst)35 b(w)m(ord)g(of)h(the)g
10472 (replacemen)m(t)i(text)e(is)g(tested)h(for)e(aliases,)k(but)c(a)h(w)m
10473 (ord)g(that)g(is)g(iden)m(tical)i(to)e(an)150 847 y(alias)c(b)s(eing)f
10474 (expanded)f(is)h(not)g(expanded)f(a)h(second)g(time.)43
10475 b(This)30 b(means)h(that)g(one)g(ma)m(y)h(alias)g Fs(ls)e
10476 Ft(to)150 956 y Fs("ls)f(-F")p Ft(,)36 b(for)f(instance,)i(and)d(Bash)h
10477 (do)s(es)g(not)g(try)g(to)g(recursiv)m(ely)h(expand)e(the)h(replacemen)
10478 m(t)i(text.)150 1066 y(If)31 b(the)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)g(of)f(the)g
10479 (alias)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)g(a)g(space)g(or)g(tab)g(c)m(haracter,)i
10480 (then)d(the)h(next)g(command)150 1176 y(w)m(ord)e(follo)m(wing)i(the)e
10481 (alias)i(is)e(also)i(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)g(for)e(alias)i(expansion.)275
10482 1319 y(Aliases)d(are)f(created)i(and)d(listed)i(with)f(the)g
10483 Fs(alias)f Ft(command,)h(and)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(with)f(the)g
10484 Fs(unalias)150 1429 y Ft(command.)275 1573 y(There)44
10485 b(is)h(no)g(mec)m(hanism)g(for)f(using)h(argumen)m(ts)g(in)f(the)h
10486 (replacemen)m(t)i(text,)i(as)d(in)e Fs(csh)p Ft(.)83
10487 b(If)150 1682 y(argumen)m(ts)37 b(are)h(needed,)g(a)g(shell)f(function)
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10492 (set)g(using)f Fs(shopt)f Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(4.3.2)h([The)e(Shopt)g
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10540 b(syn)m(tax)p eop end
10541 %%Page: 81 87
10542 TeXDict begin 81 86 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
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10638 eop end
10639 %%Page: 82 88
10640 TeXDict begin 82 87 bop 150 -116 a Ft(82)2572 b(Bash)31
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10675 Fs(popd)d Ft(remo)m(v)m(es)j(the)f(top)f(directory)h(from)f(the)g(stac)
10676 m(k)630 3455 y(and)f(p)s(erforms)e(a)j Fs(cd)f Ft(to)h(the)f(new)g(top)
10677 h(directory)-8 b(.)44 b(The)31 b(elemen)m(ts)i(are)e(n)m(um)m(b)s(ered)
10678 f(from)630 3565 y(0)d(starting)g(at)g(the)g(\014rst)f(directory)h
10679 (listed)g(with)f Fs(dirs)p Ft(;)h(i.e.,)i Fs(popd)c Ft(is)i(equiv)-5
10680 b(alen)m(t)28 b(to)f Fs(popd)630 3674 y(+0)p Ft(.)630
10681 3838 y Fs(+)p Fj(N)384 b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(es)22 b(the)f
10682 Fq(N)10 b Ft(th)20 b(directory)g(\(coun)m(ting)i(from)e(the)g(left)h
10683 (of)g(the)f(list)h(prin)m(ted)1110 3947 y(b)m(y)30 b
10684 Fs(dirs)p Ft(\),)g(starting)h(with)f(zero.)630 4111 y
10685 Fs(-)p Fj(N)384 b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(es)46 b(the)g Fq(N)10
10686 b Ft(th)44 b(directory)h(\(coun)m(ting)h(from)f(the)g(righ)m(t)g(of)g
10687 (the)g(list)1110 4220 y(prin)m(ted)30 b(b)m(y)g Fs(dirs)p
10688 Ft(\),)g(starting)h(with)f(zero.)630 4384 y Fs(-n)384
10689 b Ft(Suppresses)27 b(the)j(normal)g(c)m(hange)g(of)g(directory)g(when)e
10690 (remo)m(ving)j(directo-)1110 4494 y(ries)f(from)g(the)h(stac)m(k,)h(so)
10691 f(that)g(only)f(the)h(stac)m(k)g(is)g(manipulated.)150
10692 4684 y Fs(pushd)870 4821 y(pushd)46 b([-n])h([+)p Fj(N)57
10693 b Fs(|)48 b Fj(-N)58 b Fs(|)47 b Fj(dir)57 b Fs(])630
10694 4957 y Ft(Sa)m(v)m(e)30 b(the)e(curren)m(t)g(directory)h(on)f(the)h
10695 (top)f(of)h(the)f(directory)h(stac)m(k)h(and)e(then)g
10696 Fs(cd)f Ft(to)i Fq(dir)p Ft(.)630 5067 y(With)i(no)f(argumen)m(ts,)h
10697 Fs(pushd)e Ft(exc)m(hanges)j(the)e(top)h(t)m(w)m(o)h(directories.)630
10698 5230 y Fs(-n)384 b Ft(Suppresses)26 b(the)i(normal)h(c)m(hange)g(of)f
10699 (directory)h(when)e(adding)h(directories)1110 5340 y(to)j(the)g(stac)m
10700 (k,)h(so)e(that)h(only)g(the)f(stac)m(k)i(is)f(manipulated.)p
10701 eop end
10702 %%Page: 83 89
10703 TeXDict begin 83 88 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
10704 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(83)630 299 y Fs(+)p
10705 Fj(N)384 b Ft(Brings)29 b(the)f Fq(N)10 b Ft(th)29 b(directory)g
10706 (\(coun)m(ting)h(from)e(the)g(left)i(of)e(the)h(list)g(prin)m(ted)1110
10707 408 y(b)m(y)34 b Fs(dirs)p Ft(,)g(starting)h(with)f(zero\))i(to)f(the)f
10708 (top)g(of)h(the)f(list)h(b)m(y)f(rotating)i(the)1110
10709 518 y(stac)m(k.)630 678 y Fs(-)p Fj(N)384 b Ft(Brings)23
10710 b(the)g Fq(N)10 b Ft(th)23 b(directory)h(\(coun)m(ting)g(from)e(the)i
10711 (righ)m(t)f(of)g(the)h(list)f(prin)m(ted)1110 788 y(b)m(y)34
10712 b Fs(dirs)p Ft(,)g(starting)h(with)f(zero\))i(to)f(the)f(top)g(of)h
10713 (the)f(list)h(b)m(y)f(rotating)i(the)1110 897 y(stac)m(k.)630
10714 1057 y Fj(dir)336 b Ft(Mak)m(es)36 b(the)f(curren)m(t)g(w)m(orking)g
10715 (directory)g(b)s(e)f(the)h(top)g(of)g(the)g(stac)m(k,)j(and)1110
10716 1167 y(then)30 b(executes)i(the)e(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32
10717 b(of)f(`)p Fs(cd)f Fq(dir)7 b Ft('.)39 b Fs(cd)p Ft(s)30
10718 b(to)h Fq(dir)p Ft(.)150 1425 y Fr(6.9)68 b(Con)l(trolling)47
10719 b(the)e(Prompt)275 1670 y Ft(The)c(v)-5 b(alue)43 b(of)f(the)h(v)-5
10720 b(ariable)43 b Fs(PROMPT_COMMAND)38 b Ft(is)k(examined)g(just)g(b)s
10721 (efore)g(Bash)g(prin)m(ts)g(eac)m(h)150 1779 y(primary)f(prompt.)73
10722 b(If)41 b Fs(PROMPT_COMMAND)d Ft(is)j(set)h(and)f(has)h(a)g(non-n)m
10723 (ull)f(v)-5 b(alue,)45 b(then)c(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)42
10724 b(is)150 1889 y(executed)31 b(just)f(as)h(if)f(it)h(had)f(b)s(een)f(t)m
10725 (yp)s(ed)h(on)h(the)f(command)g(line.)275 2024 y(In)d(addition,)j(the)f
10726 (follo)m(wing)h(table)f(describ)s(es)f(the)h(sp)s(ecial)g(c)m
10727 (haracters)h(whic)m(h)f(can)f(app)s(ear)g(in)h(the)150
10728 2133 y(prompt)g(v)-5 b(ariables:)150 2293 y Fs(\\a)384
10729 b Ft(A)30 b(b)s(ell)h(c)m(haracter.)150 2453 y Fs(\\d)384
10730 b Ft(The)30 b(date,)h(in)f Fs(")p Ft(W)-8 b(eekda)m(y)32
10731 b(Mon)m(th)f(Date)p Fs(")h Ft(format)f(\(e.g.,)h Fs(")p
10732 Ft(T)-8 b(ue)30 b(Ma)m(y)h(26)p Fs(")p Ft(\).)150 2613
10733 y Fs(\\D{)p Fj(format)11 b Fs(})630 2723 y Ft(The)27
10734 b Fq(format)i Ft(is)f(passed)e(to)i Fs(strftime)p Ft(\(3\))f(and)f(the)
10735 i(result)f(is)g(inserted)g(in)m(to)h(the)g(prompt)630
10736 2832 y(string;)42 b(an)d(empt)m(y)f Fq(format)j Ft(results)d(in)g(a)h
10737 (lo)s(cale-sp)s(eci\014c)h(time)f(represen)m(tation.)65
10738 b(The)630 2942 y(braces)31 b(are)f(required.)150 3102
10739 y Fs(\\e)384 b Ft(An)30 b(escap)s(e)h(c)m(haracter.)150
10740 3262 y Fs(\\h)384 b Ft(The)30 b(hostname,)h(up)e(to)i(the)g(\014rst)e
10741 (`.'.)150 3422 y Fs(\\H)384 b Ft(The)30 b(hostname.)150
10742 3581 y Fs(\\j)384 b Ft(The)30 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(jobs)g(curren)m
10743 (tly)h(managed)g(b)m(y)f(the)g(shell.)150 3741 y Fs(\\l)384
10744 b Ft(The)30 b(basename)h(of)f(the)h(shell's)f(terminal)h(device)g
10745 (name.)150 3901 y Fs(\\n)384 b Ft(A)30 b(newline.)150
10746 4061 y Fs(\\r)384 b Ft(A)30 b(carriage)i(return.)150
10747 4221 y Fs(\\s)384 b Ft(The)22 b(name)g(of)h(the)f(shell,)i(the)f
10748 (basename)f(of)h Fs($0)f Ft(\(the)g(p)s(ortion)g(follo)m(wing)i(the)f
10749 (\014nal)e(slash\).)150 4381 y Fs(\\t)384 b Ft(The)30
10750 b(time,)h(in)f(24-hour)h(HH:MM:SS)g(format.)150 4541
10751 y Fs(\\T)384 b Ft(The)30 b(time,)h(in)f(12-hour)h(HH:MM:SS)g(format.)
10752 150 4701 y Fs(\\@)384 b Ft(The)30 b(time,)h(in)f(12-hour)h(am/pm)f
10753 (format.)150 4860 y Fs(\\A)384 b Ft(The)30 b(time,)h(in)f(24-hour)h
10754 (HH:MM)g(format.)150 5020 y Fs(\\u)384 b Ft(The)30 b(username)g(of)g
10755 (the)h(curren)m(t)f(user.)150 5180 y Fs(\\v)384 b Ft(The)30
10756 b(v)m(ersion)h(of)f(Bash)h(\(e.g.,)h(2.00\))150 5340
10757 y Fs(\\V)384 b Ft(The)30 b(release)i(of)e(Bash,)h(v)m(ersion)g
10758 Fs(+)f Ft(patc)m(hlev)m(el)i(\(e.g.,)h(2.00.0\))p eop
10759 end
10760 %%Page: 84 90
10761 TeXDict begin 84 89 bop 150 -116 a Ft(84)2572 b(Bash)31
10762 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(\\w)384 b Ft(The)34
10763 b(curren)m(t)h(w)m(orking)g(directory)-8 b(,)37 b(with)e
10764 Fs($HOME)e Ft(abbreviated)j(with)e(a)h(tilde)h(\(uses)f(the)630
10765 408 y Fs($PROMPT_DIRTRIM)26 b Ft(v)-5 b(ariable\).)150
10766 564 y Fs(\\W)384 b Ft(The)30 b(basename)h(of)f Fs($PWD)p
10767 Ft(,)g(with)g Fs($HOME)f Ft(abbreviated)h(with)g(a)h(tilde.)150
10768 719 y Fs(\\!)384 b Ft(The)30 b(history)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)i(this)f
10769 (command.)150 875 y Fs(\\#)384 b Ft(The)30 b(command)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)
10770 f(of)i(this)f(command.)150 1031 y Fs(\\$)384 b Ft(If)30
10771 b(the)g(e\013ectiv)m(e)j(uid)d(is)g(0,)h Fs(#)p Ft(,)g(otherwise)g
10772 Fs($)p Ft(.)150 1186 y Fs(\\)p Fj(nnn)288 b Ft(The)30
10773 b(c)m(haracter)i(whose)e(ASCI)s(I)f(co)s(de)h(is)h(the)f(o)s(ctal)i(v)
10774 -5 b(alue)31 b Fq(nnn)p Ft(.)150 1342 y Fs(\\\\)384 b
10775 Ft(A)30 b(bac)m(kslash.)150 1497 y Fs(\\[)384 b Ft(Begin)38
10776 b(a)f(sequence)g(of)g(non-prin)m(ting)g(c)m(haracters.)61
10777 b(This)36 b(could)h(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)h(em)m(b)s(ed)g(a)630
10778 1607 y(terminal)31 b(con)m(trol)h(sequence)e(in)m(to)i(the)e(prompt.)
10779 150 1762 y Fs(\\])384 b Ft(End)29 b(a)i(sequence)g(of)f(non-prin)m
10780 (ting)g(c)m(haracters.)275 1918 y(The)25 b(command)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f
10781 (and)h(the)g(history)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(are)i(usually)f(di\013eren)m
10782 (t:)39 b(the)26 b(history)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)150 2027
10783 y(of)h(a)f(command)h(is)f(its)h(p)s(osition)f(in)g(the)h(history)f
10784 (list,)i(whic)m(h)f(ma)m(y)g(include)f(commands)g(restored)g(from)150
10785 2137 y(the)39 b(history)h(\014le)f(\(see)h(Section)g(9.1)h([Bash)e
10786 (History)h(F)-8 b(acilities],)45 b(page)40 b(121\),)j(while)d(the)f
10787 (command)150 2246 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)j(is)h(the)h(p)s(osition)f(in)g
10788 (the)g(sequence)h(of)f(commands)g(executed)h(during)e(the)i(curren)m(t)
10789 f(shell)150 2356 y(session.)275 2489 y(After)35 b(the)g(string)g(is)g
10790 (deco)s(ded,)h(it)f(is)g(expanded)f(via)i(parameter)f(expansion,)i
10791 (command)d(substi-)150 2598 y(tution,)k(arithmetic)f(expansion,)g(and)e
10792 (quote)h(remo)m(v)-5 b(al,)39 b(sub)5 b(ject)35 b(to)i(the)f(v)-5
10793 b(alue)36 b(of)g(the)g Fs(promptvars)150 2708 y Ft(shell)31
10794 b(option)f(\(see)i(Section)f(4.2)g([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(41\).)
10795 150 2959 y Fr(6.10)68 b(The)45 b(Restricted)h(Shell)275
10796 3201 y Ft(If)26 b(Bash)h(is)f(started)h(with)g(the)g(name)f
10797 Fs(rbash)p Ft(,)h(or)f(the)h(`)p Fs(--restricted)p Ft(')d(or)j(`)p
10798 Fs(-r)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)g(supplied)150 3311 y(at)32
10799 b(in)m(v)m(o)s(cation,)i(the)d(shell)g(b)s(ecomes)h(restricted.)44
10800 b(A)31 b(restricted)h(shell)f(is)g(used)g(to)h(set)f(up)f(an)i(en)m
10801 (viron-)150 3421 y(men)m(t)26 b(more)f(con)m(trolled)i(than)e(the)h
10802 (standard)e(shell.)40 b(A)25 b(restricted)h(shell)g(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g
10803 (iden)m(tically)h(to)f Fs(bash)150 3530 y Ft(with)k(the)h(exception)g
10804 (that)g(the)g(follo)m(wing)h(are)e(disallo)m(w)m(ed)i(or)f(not)f(p)s
10805 (erformed:)225 3663 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Changing)30 b(directories)h(with)
10806 g(the)f Fs(cd)g Ft(builtin.)225 3795 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Setting)31
10807 b(or)f(unsetting)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)30 b(of)h(the)f
10808 Fs(SHELL)p Ft(,)g Fs(PATH)p Ft(,)f Fs(ENV)p Ft(,)h(or)g
10809 Fs(BASH_ENV)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariables.)225 3928 y Fp(\017)60
10810 b Ft(Sp)s(ecifying)30 b(command)g(names)g(con)m(taining)i(slashes.)225
10811 4060 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Sp)s(ecifying)30 b(a)h(\014lename)f(con)m
10812 (taining)i(a)f(slash)f(as)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(to)g(the)f
10813 Fs(.)h Ft(builtin)e(command.)225 4193 y Fp(\017)60 b
10814 Ft(Sp)s(ecifying)28 b(a)i(\014lename)f(con)m(taining)h(a)g(slash)e(as)h
10815 (an)g(argumen)m(t)h(to)f(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)g(to)h(the)f
10816 Fs(hash)330 4303 y Ft(builtin)h(command.)225 4435 y Fp(\017)60
10817 b Ft(Imp)s(orting)30 b(function)g(de\014nitions)g(from)f(the)i(shell)g
10818 (en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(at)g(startup.)225 4568 y Fp(\017)60
10819 b Ft(P)m(arsing)31 b(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)g Fs(SHELLOPTS)d
10820 Ft(from)h(the)i(shell)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)g(at)g(startup.)225
10821 4700 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Redirecting)31 b(output)f(using)g(the)h(`)p
10822 Fs(>)p Ft(',)g(`)p Fs(>|)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(<>)p Ft(',)h(`)p
10823 Fs(>&)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(&>)p Ft(',)h(and)e(`)p Fs(>>)p
10824 Ft(')i(redirection)g(op)s(erators.)225 4833 y Fp(\017)60
10825 b Ft(Using)31 b(the)f Fs(exec)f Ft(builtin)h(to)h(replace)h(the)e
10826 (shell)h(with)f(another)h(command.)225 4965 y Fp(\017)60
10827 b Ft(Adding)40 b(or)h(deleting)h(builtin)e(commands)h(with)f(the)h(`)p
10828 Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(-d)p Ft(')h(options)g(to)h(the)f
10829 Fs(enable)330 5075 y Ft(builtin.)225 5207 y Fp(\017)60
10830 b Ft(Using)31 b(the)f Fs(enable)f Ft(builtin)h(command)g(to)h(enable)g
10831 (disabled)f(shell)g(builtins.)225 5340 y Fp(\017)60 b
10832 Ft(Sp)s(ecifying)30 b(the)g(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')h(option)g(to)g(the)f
10833 Fs(command)f Ft(builtin.)p eop end
10834 %%Page: 85 91
10835 TeXDict begin 85 90 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
10836 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(85)225 299 y Fp(\017)60
10837 b Ft(T)-8 b(urning)29 b(o\013)i(restricted)g(mo)s(de)f(with)g(`)p
10838 Fs(set)g(+r)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fs(set)g(+o)g(restricted)p
10839 Ft('.)275 453 y(These)g(restrictions)h(are)g(enforced)f(after)h(an)m(y)
10840 g(startup)f(\014les)g(are)h(read.)275 585 y(When)j(a)i(command)e(that)i
10841 (is)f(found)f(to)h(b)s(e)g(a)g(shell)g(script)g(is)g(executed)h(\(see)g
10842 (Section)g(3.8)g([Shell)150 695 y(Scripts],)25 b(page)e(34\),)j
10843 Fs(rbash)c Ft(turns)g(o\013)i(an)m(y)f(restrictions)h(in)f(the)g(shell)
10844 h(spa)m(wned)e(to)i(execute)g(the)g(script.)150 945 y
10845 Fr(6.11)68 b(Bash)45 b(POSIX)f(Mo)t(de)275 1187 y Ft(Starting)21
10846 b(Bash)g(with)f(the)h(`)p Fs(--posix)p Ft(')e(command-line)j(option)f
10847 (or)g(executing)h(`)p Fs(set)30 b(-o)f(posix)p Ft(')20
10848 b(while)150 1296 y(Bash)26 b(is)g(running)e(will)j(cause)f(Bash)g(to)h
10849 (conform)f(more)g(closely)h(to)g(the)f Fl(posix)f Ft(standard)g(b)m(y)h
10850 (c)m(hanging)150 1406 y(the)31 b(b)s(eha)m(vior)f(to)h(matc)m(h)g(that)
10851 g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)g Fl(posix)g Ft(in)g(areas)h(where)f(the)h
10852 (Bash)f(default)h(di\013ers.)275 1538 y(When)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(as)g
10853 Fs(sh)p Ft(,)f(Bash)h(en)m(ters)g Fl(posix)e Ft(mo)s(de)h(after)h
10854 (reading)g(the)f(startup)g(\014les.)275 1670 y(The)f(follo)m(wing)j
10855 (list)f(is)g(what's)f(c)m(hanged)h(when)e(`)p Fl(posix)h
10856 Ft(mo)s(de')h(is)f(in)g(e\013ect:)199 1802 y(1.)61 b(When)28
10857 b(a)i(command)e(in)g(the)h(hash)f(table)i(no)e(longer)h(exists,)h(Bash)
10858 f(will)g(re-searc)m(h)h Fs($PATH)d Ft(to)i(\014nd)330
10859 1912 y(the)i(new)e(lo)s(cation.)43 b(This)29 b(is)i(also)g(a)m(v)-5
10860 b(ailable)33 b(with)d(`)p Fs(shopt)f(-s)h(checkhash)p
10861 Ft('.)199 2044 y(2.)61 b(The)42 b(message)h(prin)m(ted)e(b)m(y)h(the)g
10862 (job)g(con)m(trol)i(co)s(de)e(and)f(builtins)h(when)f(a)h(job)g(exits)h
10863 (with)f(a)330 2153 y(non-zero)31 b(status)g(is)f(`Done\(status\)'.)199
10864 2286 y(3.)61 b(The)40 b(message)h(prin)m(ted)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(job)f(con)
10865 m(trol)h(co)s(de)g(and)f(builtins)f(when)h(a)g(job)g(is)h(stopp)s(ed)e
10866 (is)330 2395 y(`Stopp)s(ed\()p Fq(signame)5 b Ft(\)',)31
10867 b(where)f Fq(signame)36 b Ft(is,)31 b(for)f(example,)h
10868 Fs(SIGTSTP)p Ft(.)199 2527 y(4.)61 b(The)27 b Fs(bg)g
10869 Ft(builtin)g(uses)g(the)h(required)f(format)h(to)g(describ)s(e)f(eac)m
10870 (h)i(job)e(placed)h(in)f(the)h(bac)m(kground,)330 2637
10871 y(whic)m(h)h(do)s(es)g(not)g(include)g(an)g(indication)h(of)f(whether)f
10872 (the)h(job)g(is)g(the)h(curren)m(t)e(or)h(previous)g(job.)199
10873 2769 y(5.)61 b(Reserv)m(ed)40 b(w)m(ords)g(app)s(earing)f(in)h(a)g(con)
10874 m(text)i(where)d(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ords)f(are)i(recognized)g(do)f(not)
10875 330 2878 y(undergo)30 b(alias)h(expansion.)199 3011 y(6.)61
10876 b(The)38 b Fl(posix)h Fs(PS1)f Ft(and)g Fs(PS2)g Ft(expansions)g(of)i
10877 (`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')f(to)g(the)g(history)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(and)g(`)p
10878 Fs(!!)p Ft(')h(to)g(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')h(are)330 3120 y(enabled,)26
10879 b(and)f(parameter)g(expansion)g(is)g(p)s(erformed)e(on)i(the)g(v)-5
10880 b(alues)25 b(of)g Fs(PS1)f Ft(and)h Fs(PS2)f Ft(regardless)330
10881 3230 y(of)31 b(the)f(setting)i(of)e(the)h Fs(promptvars)c
10882 Ft(option.)199 3362 y(7.)61 b(The)30 b Fl(posix)g Ft(startup)f(\014les)
10883 i(are)g(executed)g(\()p Fs($ENV)p Ft(\))f(rather)g(than)g(the)h(normal)
10884 f(Bash)g(\014les.)199 3494 y(8.)61 b(Tilde)30 b(expansion)g(is)f(only)h
10885 (p)s(erformed)f(on)h(assignmen)m(ts)g(preceding)g(a)g(command)g(name,)g
10886 (rather)330 3603 y(than)g(on)g(all)i(assignmen)m(t)f(statemen)m(ts)h
10887 (on)e(the)h(line.)199 3735 y(9.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(history)h
10888 (\014le)f(is)h(`)p Fs(~/.sh_history)p Ft(')c(\(this)k(is)f(the)g
10889 (default)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fs($HISTFILE)p Ft(\).)154
10890 3868 y(10.)61 b(The)23 b(output)f(of)i(`)p Fs(kill)29
10891 b(-l)p Ft(')23 b(prin)m(ts)f(all)i(the)g(signal)f(names)g(on)g(a)h
10892 (single)g(line,)h(separated)e(b)m(y)g(spaces,)330 3977
10893 y(without)30 b(the)h(`)p Fs(SIG)p Ft(')f(pre\014x.)154
10894 4109 y(11.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(kill)f Ft(builtin)h(do)s(es)g(not)h(accept)
10895 h(signal)f(names)f(with)g(a)h(`)p Fs(SIG)p Ft(')f(pre\014x.)154
10896 4241 y(12.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)34 b(shells)c(exit)h(if)g
10897 Fq(\014lename)k Ft(in)30 b Fs(.)g Fq(\014lename)36 b
10898 Ft(is)31 b(not)f(found.)154 4373 y(13.)61 b(Non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)41
10899 b(shells)d(exit)h(if)f(a)g(syn)m(tax)g(error)g(in)f(an)h(arithmetic)h
10900 (expansion)f(results)f(in)h(an)330 4483 y(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)31
10901 b(expression.)154 4615 y(14.)61 b(Redirection)25 b(op)s(erators)f(do)g
10902 (not)g(p)s(erform)f(\014lename)h(expansion)g(on)g(the)g(w)m(ord)f(in)h
10903 (the)g(redirection)330 4725 y(unless)30 b(the)g(shell)h(is)f(in)m
10904 (teractiv)m(e.)154 4857 y(15.)61 b(Redirection)31 b(op)s(erators)g(do)f
10905 (not)h(p)s(erform)e(w)m(ord)h(splitting)h(on)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(in)g
10906 (the)g(redirection.)154 4989 y(16.)61 b(F)-8 b(unction)35
10907 b(names)g(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(v)-5 b(alid)35 b(shell)f
10908 Fs(name)p Ft(s.)52 b(That)34 b(is,)i(they)f(ma)m(y)g(not)g(con)m(tain)g
10909 (c)m(haracters)330 5098 y(other)e(than)g(letters,)h(digits,)h(and)d
10910 (underscores,)h(and)f(ma)m(y)h(not)g(start)h(with)e(a)h(digit.)49
10911 b(Declaring)330 5208 y(a)31 b(function)f(with)g(an)g(in)m(v)-5
10912 b(alid)31 b(name)g(causes)f(a)h(fatal)h(syn)m(tax)f(error)f(in)g
10913 (non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 5340 y(17.)61 b
10914 Fl(posix)30 b Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(builtins)e(are)i(found)e(b)s(efore)h
10915 (shell)h(functions)f(during)f(command)h(lo)s(okup.)p
10916 eop end
10917 %%Page: 86 92
10918 TeXDict begin 86 91 bop 150 -116 a Ft(86)2572 b(Bash)31
10919 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)154 299 y(18.)61 b(If)24 b(a)g
10920 Fl(posix)g Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(builtin)f(returns)f(an)h(error)g(status,)i
10921 (a)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e(exits.)39 b(The)24
10922 b(fatal)330 408 y(errors)i(are)h(those)f(listed)h(in)f(the)h(POSIX)e
10923 (standard,)i(and)f(include)g(things)g(lik)m(e)i(passing)e(incorrect)330
10924 518 y(options,)43 b(redirection)d(errors,)i(v)-5 b(ariable)41
10925 b(assignmen)m(t)g(errors)e(for)g(assignmen)m(ts)i(preceding)f(the)330
10926 628 y(command)30 b(name,)h(and)f(so)g(on.)154 763 y(19.)61
10927 b(If)34 b Fs(CDPATH)f Ft(is)h(set,)i(the)f Fs(cd)f Ft(builtin)g(will)g
10928 (not)h(implicitly)h(app)s(end)c(the)j(curren)m(t)f(directory)h(to)g
10929 (it.)330 873 y(This)29 b(means)g(that)h Fs(cd)f Ft(will)h(fail)g(if)g
10930 (no)f(v)-5 b(alid)30 b(directory)g(name)f(can)h(b)s(e)f(constructed)h
10931 (from)f(an)m(y)h(of)330 982 y(the)i(en)m(tries)g(in)f
10932 Fs($CDPATH)p Ft(,)e(ev)m(en)j(if)g(the)f(a)h(directory)g(with)f(the)g
10933 (same)h(name)f(as)h(the)g(name)f(giv)m(en)330 1092 y(as)g(an)f(argumen)
10934 m(t)h(to)g Fs(cd)f Ft(exists)h(in)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(directory)-8
10935 b(.)154 1227 y(20.)61 b(A)31 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)d(exits)h
10936 (with)e(an)h(error)g(status)g(if)g(a)g(v)-5 b(ariable)32
10937 b(assignmen)m(t)g(error)e(o)s(ccurs)330 1337 y(when)38
10938 b(no)h(command)g(name)g(follo)m(ws)i(the)e(assignmen)m(t)h(statemen)m
10939 (ts.)69 b(A)39 b(v)-5 b(ariable)40 b(assignmen)m(t)330
10940 1446 y(error)30 b(o)s(ccurs,)g(for)g(example,)i(when)d(trying)i(to)g
10941 (assign)f(a)h(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(to)g(a)g(readonly)f(v)-5
10942 b(ariable.)154 1582 y(21.)61 b(A)43 b(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)i(shell)e
10943 (exits)h(with)f(an)f(error)h(status)g(if)g(the)g(iteration)h(v)-5
10944 b(ariable)44 b(in)f(a)g Fs(for)330 1691 y Ft(statemen)m(t)32
10945 b(or)f(the)f(selection)i(v)-5 b(ariable)32 b(in)e(a)g
10946 Fs(select)f Ft(statemen)m(t)j(is)f(a)f(readonly)h(v)-5
10947 b(ariable.)154 1827 y(22.)61 b(Pro)s(cess)30 b(substitution)g(is)h(not)
10948 f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable.)154 1962 y(23.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)23
10949 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)e Fl(posix)f Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(builtins)f(p)s
10950 (ersist)g(in)f(the)i(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330 2072
10951 y(after)31 b(the)f(builtin)g(completes.)154 2207 y(24.)61
10952 b(Assignmen)m(t)35 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(shell)f(function)g
10953 (calls)i(p)s(ersist)e(in)g(the)h(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)330
10954 2317 y(after)d(the)f(function)h(returns,)e(as)i(if)f(a)h
10955 Fl(posix)e Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(builtin)f(command)g(had)g(b)s(een)g
10956 (executed.)154 2452 y(25.)61 b(The)38 b Fs(export)f Ft(and)g
10957 Fs(readonly)f Ft(builtin)i(commands)g(displa)m(y)h(their)f(output)g(in)
10958 g(the)h(format)g(re-)330 2562 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fl(posix)p
10959 Ft(.)154 2697 y(26.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(trap)f Ft(builtin)h(displa)m(ys)g
10960 (signal)i(names)e(without)g(the)h(leading)g Fs(SIG)p
10961 Ft(.)154 2832 y(27.)61 b(The)39 b Fs(trap)e Ft(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g
10962 (c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)g(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)i(for)e(a)i(p)s(ossible)e
10963 (signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 2942 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e
10964 (signal)i(handling)e(to)h(the)g(original)h(disp)s(osition)e(if)h(it)g
10965 (is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 3051 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g
10966 (digits)g(and)f(is)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)29 b(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)38
10967 b(If)28 b(users)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(reset)g(the)g(handler)330
10968 3161 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s
10969 (osition,)f(they)g(should)f(use)h(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')g(as)g(the)g(\014rst)
10970 f(argumen)m(t.)154 3296 y(28.)61 b(The)21 b Fs(.)h Ft(and)f
10971 Fs(source)f Ft(builtins)h(do)g(not)h(searc)m(h)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f
10972 (directory)h(for)g(the)g(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330
10973 3406 y(if)30 b(it)h(is)g(not)f(found)f(b)m(y)i(searc)m(hing)g
10974 Fs(PATH)p Ft(.)154 3541 y(29.)61 b(Subshells)20 b(spa)m(wned)h(to)h
10975 (execute)g(command)g(substitutions)f(inherit)g(the)g(v)-5
10976 b(alue)22 b(of)g(the)f(`)p Fs(-e)p Ft(')g(option)330
10977 3651 y(from)34 b(the)h(paren)m(t)g(shell.)55 b(When)34
10978 b(not)i(in)e Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de,)i(Bash)f(clears)h(the)f(`)p
10979 Fs(-e)p Ft(')f(option)i(in)e(suc)m(h)330 3761 y(subshells.)154
10980 3896 y(30.)61 b(Alias)31 b(expansion)g(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(enabled,)e
10981 (ev)m(en)i(in)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 4031
10982 y(31.)61 b(When)43 b(the)g Fs(alias)f Ft(builtin)g(displa)m(ys)i(alias)
10983 g(de\014nitions,)i(it)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(displa)m(y)h(them)f(with)g(a)
10984 330 4141 y(leading)31 b(`)p Fs(alias)e Ft(')i(unless)f(the)g(`)p
10985 Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)g(supplied.)154 4276 y(32.)61
10986 b(When)40 b(the)g Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h
10987 (without)f(options,)j(it)e(do)s(es)f(not)g(displa)m(y)g(shell)g
10988 (function)330 4386 y(names)30 b(and)g(de\014nitions.)154
10989 4521 y(33.)61 b(When)36 b(the)g Fs(set)g Ft(builtin)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)
10990 m(ed)i(without)e(options,)i(it)f(displa)m(ys)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37
10991 b(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(without)330 4631 y(quotes,)26 b(unless)d(they)i
10992 (con)m(tain)g(shell)f(metac)m(haracters,)k(ev)m(en)d(if)f(the)g(result)
10993 g(con)m(tains)i(nonprin)m(ting)330 4740 y(c)m(haracters.)154
10994 4876 y(34.)61 b(When)35 b(the)g Fs(cd)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m
10995 (ed)i(in)d Fq(logical)41 b Ft(mo)s(de,)36 b(and)f(the)g(pathname)g
10996 (constructed)g(from)330 4985 y Fs($PWD)i Ft(and)h(the)h(directory)f
10997 (name)h(supplied)e(as)i(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(do)s(es)f(not)g(refer)h(to)g
10998 (an)f(existing)330 5095 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b Fs(cd)d
10999 Ft(will)i(fail)g(instead)g(of)f(falling)h(bac)m(k)h(to)f
11000 Fq(ph)m(ysical)j Ft(mo)s(de.)154 5230 y(35.)61 b(When)20
11001 b(the)h Fs(pwd)e Ft(builtin)h(is)g(supplied)g(the)g(`)p
11002 Fs(-P)p Ft(')g(option,)j(it)e(resets)g Fs($PWD)e Ft(to)i(a)g(pathname)f
11003 (con)m(taining)330 5340 y(no)30 b(symlinks.)p eop end
11004 %%Page: 87 93
11005 TeXDict begin 87 92 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
11006 b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(87)154 299 y(36.)61
11007 b(The)36 b Fs(pwd)f Ft(builtin)h(v)m(eri\014es)h(that)g(the)f(v)-5
11008 b(alue)37 b(it)g(prin)m(ts)e(is)i(the)f(same)h(as)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f
11009 (directory)-8 b(,)330 408 y(ev)m(en)31 b(if)f(it)h(is)g(not)f(ask)m(ed)
11010 h(to)g(c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)f(\014le)f(system)h(with)f(the)h(`)p
11011 Fs(-P)p Ft(')f(option.)154 543 y(37.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g
11012 (history)-8 b(,)36 b(the)f Fs(fc)g Ft(builtin)f(do)s(es)g(not)h
11013 (include)g(an)f(indication)i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 653
11014 y(not)d(a)f(history)h(en)m(try)f(has)g(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)154
11015 787 y(38.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(editor)h(used)f(b)m(y)g
11016 Fs(fc)g Ft(is)g Fs(ed)p Ft(.)154 922 y(39.)61 b(The)37
11017 b Fs(type)g Ft(and)g Fs(command)f Ft(builtins)i(will)g(not)g(rep)s(ort)
11018 f(a)i(non-executable)g(\014le)f(as)g(ha)m(ving)h(b)s(een)330
11019 1031 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)g
11020 (execute)g(suc)m(h)f(a)g(\014le)g(if)g(it)g(is)g(the)g(only)g(so-named)
11021 g(\014le)330 1141 y(found)i(in)h Fs($PATH)p Ft(.)154
11022 1275 y(40.)61 b(The)33 b Fs(vi)f Ft(editing)i(mo)s(de)f(will)g(in)m(v)m
11023 (ok)m(e)i(the)e Fs(vi)g Ft(editor)h(directly)f(when)f(the)i(`)p
11024 Fs(v)p Ft(')f(command)g(is)g(run,)330 1385 y(instead)e(of)f(c)m(hec)m
11025 (king)i Fs($VISUAL)d Ft(and)g Fs($EDITOR)p Ft(.)154 1519
11026 y(41.)61 b(When)41 b(the)g Fs(xpg_echo)e Ft(option)i(is)g(enabled,)j
11027 (Bash)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(attempt)h(to)g(in)m(terpret)f(an)m(y)h(ar-)330
11028 1629 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g Fs(echo)e Ft(as)i(options.)54
11029 b(Eac)m(h)35 b(argumen)m(t)g(is)f(displa)m(y)m(ed,)j(after)e(escap)s(e)
11030 g(c)m(haracters)h(are)330 1738 y(con)m(v)m(erted.)154
11031 1873 y(42.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(ulimit)f Ft(builtin)g(uses)h(a)h(blo)s(c)m
11032 (k)g(size)g(of)g(512)g(b)m(ytes)g(for)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-c)p
11033 Ft(')f(and)g(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')g(options.)275 2032 y(There)k(is)g(other)
11034 h Fl(posix)f Ft(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(that)g(Bash)g(do)s(es)f(not)h
11035 (implemen)m(t)g(b)m(y)g(default)f(ev)m(en)i(when)d(in)150
11036 2142 y Fl(posix)d Ft(mo)s(de.)40 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally:)199
11037 2276 y(1.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(fc)f Ft(builtin)h(c)m(hec)m(ks)i
11038 Fs($EDITOR)c Ft(as)j(a)f(program)g(to)h(edit)g(history)f(en)m(tries)h
11039 (if)f Fs(FCEDIT)f Ft(is)h(unset,)330 2386 y(rather)g(than)g(defaulting)
11040 h(directly)g(to)g Fs(ed)p Ft(.)40 b Fs(fc)30 b Ft(uses)g
11041 Fs(ed)g Ft(if)g Fs(EDITOR)f Ft(is)h(unset.)199 2521 y(2.)61
11042 b(As)29 b(noted)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(Bash)e(requires)g(the)g
11043 Fs(xpg_echo)e Ft(option)j(to)g(b)s(e)e(enabled)h(for)g(the)g
11044 Fs(echo)f Ft(builtin)330 2630 y(to)j(b)s(e)f(fully)g(conforman)m(t.)275
11045 2790 y(Bash)66 b(can)h(b)s(e)f(con\014gured)g(to)i(b)s(e)e
11046 Fl(posix)p Ft(-conforman)m(t)h(b)m(y)f(default,)77 b(b)m(y)66
11047 b(sp)s(ecifying)h(the)150 2899 y(`)p Fs(--enable-strict-posix-def)o
11048 (ault)o Ft(')i(to)76 b Fs(configure)c Ft(when)i(building)g(\(see)i
11049 (Section)f(10.8)150 3009 y([Optional)31 b(F)-8 b(eatures],)32
11050 b(page)f(129\).)p eop end
11051 %%Page: 88 94
11052 TeXDict begin 88 93 bop 150 -116 a Ft(88)2572 b(Bash)31
11053 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)p eop end
11054 %%Page: 89 95
11055 TeXDict begin 89 94 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(7:)41
11056 b(Job)30 b(Con)m(trol)2571 b(89)150 299 y Fo(7)80 b(Job)54
11057 b(Con)l(trol)275 550 y Ft(This)34 b(c)m(hapter)i(discusses)f(what)g
11058 (job)g(con)m(trol)i(is,)g(ho)m(w)e(it)h(w)m(orks,)h(and)e(ho)m(w)g
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11060 150 931 y Fr(7.1)68 b(Job)45 b(Con)l(trol)h(Basics)275
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11074 (oks)g(lik)m(e:)390 1899 y Fs([1])47 b(25647)150 2040
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11144 eop end
11145 %%Page: 90 96
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11220 (status.)p eop end
11221 %%Page: 91 97
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11431 3891 217 4 v 2794 3947 a Ff(Return)p 2794 3962 V 3007
11432 3944 a Fg(i)3066 3947 y Ft(or)3176 3944 y Fg(h)p 3201
11433 3891 172 4 v 3201 3947 a Ff(En)n(ter)p 3201 3962 V 3368
11434 3944 a Fg(i)3427 3947 y Ft(on)h(some)150 4057 y(k)m(eyb)s(oards.)150
11435 4325 y Fr(8.2)68 b(Readline)47 b(In)l(teraction)275 4573
11436 y Ft(Often)24 b(during)g(an)h(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(session)e(y)m(ou)f(t)
11437 m(yp)s(e)h(in)f(a)g(long)h(line)f(of)h(text,)h(only)f(to)f(notice)i
11438 (that)f(the)150 4682 y(\014rst)32 b(w)m(ord)g(on)g(the)g(line)h(is)g
11439 (missp)s(elled.)46 b(The)32 b(Readline)h(library)f(giv)m(es)h(y)m(ou)g
11440 (a)g(set)g(of)f(commands)g(for)150 4792 y(manipulating)e(the)g(text)h
11441 (as)f(y)m(ou)g(t)m(yp)s(e)g(it)g(in,)g(allo)m(wing)h(y)m(ou)f(to)h
11442 (just)e(\014x)g(y)m(our)h(t)m(yp)s(o,)g(and)g(not)g(forcing)150
11443 4902 y(y)m(ou)e(to)h(ret)m(yp)s(e)g(the)f(ma)5 b(jorit)m(y)29
11444 b(of)f(the)h(line.)40 b(Using)28 b(these)h(editing)g(commands,)f(y)m
11445 (ou)h(mo)m(v)m(e)g(the)g(cursor)150 5011 y(to)35 b(the)f(place)i(that)e
11446 (needs)g(correction,)j(and)d(delete)h(or)f(insert)h(the)f(text)h(of)g
11447 (the)f(corrections.)54 b(Then,)150 5121 y(when)30 b(y)m(ou)i(are)f
11448 (satis\014ed)g(with)g(the)g(line,)h(y)m(ou)g(simply)e(press)2320
11449 5118 y Fg(h)p 2344 5065 151 4 v 2344 5121 a Ff(RET)p
11450 2344 5136 V 2491 5118 a Fg(i)2520 5121 y Ft(.)43 b(Y)-8
11451 b(ou)32 b(do)f(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(to)e(b)s(e)g(at)h(the)150
11452 5230 y(end)j(of)h(the)g(line)g(to)h(press)1126 5227 y
11453 Fg(h)p 1150 5174 V 1150 5230 a Ff(RET)p 1150 5246 V 1297
11454 5227 a Fg(i)1327 5230 y Ft(;)h(the)e(en)m(tire)h(line)f(is)g(accepted)h
11455 (regardless)f(of)g(the)g(lo)s(cation)i(of)e(the)150 5340
11456 y(cursor)30 b(within)g(the)g(line.)p eop end
11457 %%Page: 94 100
11458 TeXDict begin 94 99 bop 150 -116 a Ft(94)2572 b(Bash)31
11459 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fk(8.2.1)63 b(Readline)40
11460 b(Bare)h(Essen)m(tials)275 540 y Ft(In)22 b(order)g(to)i(en)m(ter)g(c)m
11461 (haracters)g(in)m(to)g(the)g(line,)h(simply)d(t)m(yp)s(e)i(them.)38
11462 b(The)22 b(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(c)m(haracter)i(app)s(ears)150
11463 650 y(where)32 b(the)h(cursor)e(w)m(as,)j(and)e(then)g(the)h(cursor)e
11464 (mo)m(v)m(es)j(one)f(space)g(to)g(the)g(righ)m(t.)47
11465 b(If)32 b(y)m(ou)h(mist)m(yp)s(e)g(a)150 759 y(c)m(haracter,)f(y)m(ou)f
11466 (can)g(use)f(y)m(our)g(erase)h(c)m(haracter)h(to)f(bac)m(k)g(up)f(and)f
11467 (delete)j(the)f(mist)m(yp)s(ed)e(c)m(haracter.)275 891
11468 y(Sometimes)i(y)m(ou)g(ma)m(y)h(mist)m(yp)s(e)e(a)i(c)m(haracter,)g
11469 (and)e(not)i(notice)g(the)f(error)f(un)m(til)h(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(t)
11470 m(yp)s(ed)150 1000 y(sev)m(eral)e(other)f(c)m(haracters.)42
11471 b(In)28 b(that)i(case,)g(y)m(ou)f(can)g(t)m(yp)s(e)h
11472 Fj(C-b)d Ft(to)j(mo)m(v)m(e)g(the)f(cursor)g(to)g(the)g(left,)i(and)150
11473 1110 y(then)f(correct)i(y)m(our)e(mistak)m(e.)42 b(Afterw)m(ards,)31
11474 b(y)m(ou)f(can)h(mo)m(v)m(e)h(the)e(cursor)g(to)h(the)g(righ)m(t)g
11475 (with)f Fj(C-f)p Ft(.)275 1242 y(When)i(y)m(ou)h(add)f(text)h(in)f(the)
11476 h(middle)f(of)h(a)g(line,)h(y)m(ou)e(will)h(notice)h(that)f(c)m
11477 (haracters)h(to)g(the)e(righ)m(t)150 1351 y(of)d(the)g(cursor)f(are)h
11478 (`pushed)e(o)m(v)m(er')j(to)g(mak)m(e)f(ro)s(om)g(for)f(the)h(text)h
11479 (that)f(y)m(ou)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(inserted.)40 b(Lik)m(ewise,)150
11480 1461 y(when)d(y)m(ou)g(delete)i(text)g(b)s(ehind)c(the)j(cursor,)h(c)m
11481 (haracters)g(to)f(the)g(righ)m(t)g(of)g(the)g(cursor)e(are)i(`pulled)
11482 150 1570 y(bac)m(k')24 b(to)f(\014ll)g(in)f(the)h(blank)f(space)i
11483 (created)f(b)m(y)g(the)g(remo)m(v)-5 b(al)24 b(of)f(the)g(text.)39
11484 b(A)23 b(list)g(of)g(the)g(bare)f(essen)m(tials)150 1680
11485 y(for)30 b(editing)h(the)g(text)g(of)g(an)f(input)f(line)i(follo)m(ws.)
11486 150 1834 y Fj(C-b)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(k)g(one)e(c)m
11487 (haracter.)150 1987 y Fj(C-f)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(forw)m(ard)e(one)
11488 h(c)m(haracter.)150 2138 y Fg(h)p 174 2085 146 4 v 174
11489 2141 a Ff(DEL)p 174 2156 V 316 2138 a Fg(i)376 2141 y
11490 Ft(or)487 2138 y Fg(h)p 512 2085 317 4 v 512 2141 a Ff(Bac)n(kspace)p
11491 512 2156 V 824 2138 a Fg(i)630 2251 y Ft(Delete)i(the)d(c)m(haracter)i
11492 (to)f(the)g(left)g(of)f(the)h(cursor.)150 2404 y Fj(C-d)336
11493 b Ft(Delete)33 b(the)d(c)m(haracter)i(underneath)d(the)i(cursor.)150
11494 2558 y(Prin)m(ting)g(c)m(haracters)630 2668 y(Insert)f(the)g(c)m
11495 (haracter)i(in)m(to)g(the)e(line)h(at)g(the)g(cursor.)150
11496 2821 y Fj(C-_)e Ft(or)i Fj(C-x)e(C-u)630 2931 y Ft(Undo)k(the)h(last)g
11497 (editing)g(command.)50 b(Y)-8 b(ou)34 b(can)f(undo)g(all)h(the)f(w)m(a)
11498 m(y)i(bac)m(k)f(to)g(an)g(empt)m(y)630 3040 y(line.)150
11499 3194 y(\(Dep)s(ending)g(on)g(y)m(our)g(con\014guration,)h(the)1726
11500 3191 y Fg(h)p 1750 3138 V 1750 3194 a Ff(Bac)n(kspace)p
11501 1750 3209 V 2063 3191 a Fg(i)2127 3194 y Ft(k)m(ey)g(b)s(e)e(set)h(to)h
11502 (delete)g(the)f(c)m(haracter)i(to)f(the)150 3304 y(left)f(of)f(the)g
11503 (cursor)f(and)h(the)1192 3301 y Fg(h)p 1216 3248 146
11504 4 v 1216 3304 a Ff(DEL)p 1216 3319 V 1358 3301 a Fg(i)1421
11505 3304 y Ft(k)m(ey)g(set)h(to)g(delete)g(the)f(c)m(haracter)i(underneath)
11506 c(the)i(cursor,)h(lik)m(e)150 3413 y Fj(C-d)p Ft(,)c(rather)g(than)g
11507 (the)h(c)m(haracter)h(to)f(the)f(left)h(of)g(the)f(cursor.\))150
11508 3629 y Fk(8.2.2)63 b(Readline)40 b(Mo)m(v)m(emen)m(t)h(Commands)275
11509 3870 y Ft(The)25 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(table)g(describ)s(es)f(the)g(most)h
11510 (basic)f(k)m(eystrok)m(es)i(that)f(y)m(ou)f(need)g(in)g(order)f(to)i
11511 (do)f(editing)150 3980 y(of)g(the)f(input)g(line.)39
11512 b(F)-8 b(or)27 b(y)m(our)e(con)m(v)m(enience,)k(man)m(y)c(other)h
11513 (commands)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)e(added)g(in)g(addition)150
11514 4089 y(to)33 b Fj(C-b)p Ft(,)e Fj(C-f)p Ft(,)h Fj(C-d)p
11515 Ft(,)g(and)1043 4086 y Fg(h)p 1067 4033 V 1067 4089 a
11516 Ff(DEL)p 1067 4105 V 1209 4086 a Fg(i)1239 4089 y Ft(.)45
11517 b(Here)33 b(are)f(some)g(commands)g(for)g(mo)m(ving)h(more)f(rapidly)f
11518 (ab)s(out)h(the)150 4199 y(line.)150 4352 y Fj(C-a)336
11519 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(start)h(of)g(the)f(line.)150
11520 4506 y Fj(C-e)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(end)g(of)g(the)h
11521 (line.)150 4660 y Fj(M-f)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(w)m
11522 (ord,)f(where)g(a)h(w)m(ord)f(is)g(comp)s(osed)g(of)h(letters)h(and)d
11523 (digits.)150 4813 y Fj(M-b)336 b Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)f(a)
11524 g(w)m(ord.)150 4967 y Fj(C-l)336 b Ft(Clear)31 b(the)f(screen,)h
11525 (reprin)m(ting)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line)h(at)g(the)f(top.)275
11526 5121 y(Notice)c(ho)m(w)f Fj(C-f)e Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)j(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(c)m
11527 (haracter,)j(while)d Fj(M-f)e Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)j(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(w)m
11528 (ord.)39 b(It)24 b(is)h(a)g(lo)s(ose)150 5230 y(con)m(v)m(en)m(tion)32
11529 b(that)f(con)m(trol)g(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)g(c)m
11530 (haracters)h(while)f(meta)h(k)m(eystrok)m(es)h(op)s(erate)e(on)150
11531 5340 y(w)m(ords.)p eop end
11532 %%Page: 95 101
11533 TeXDict begin 95 100 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
11534 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2107 b(95)150 299 y Fk(8.2.3)63
11535 b(Readline)40 b(Killing)i(Commands)275 566 y Fq(Killing)j
11536 Ft(text)39 b(means)e(to)h(delete)g(the)g(text)g(from)f(the)g(line,)j
11537 (but)d(to)h(sa)m(v)m(e)h(it)e(a)m(w)m(a)m(y)j(for)d(later)h(use,)150
11538 675 y(usually)c(b)m(y)g Fq(y)m(anking)42 b Ft(\(re-inserting\))35
11539 b(it)g(bac)m(k)g(in)m(to)g(the)f(line.)52 b(\(`Cut')35
11540 b(and)e(`paste')i(are)g(more)f(recen)m(t)150 785 y(jargon)d(for)f
11541 (`kill')h(and)f(`y)m(ank'.\))275 942 y(If)f(the)i(description)f(for)g
11542 (a)h(command)f(sa)m(ys)g(that)h(it)g(`kills')g(text,)h(then)e(y)m(ou)g
11543 (can)h(b)s(e)e(sure)h(that)h(y)m(ou)150 1052 y(can)g(get)g(the)g(text)g
11544 (bac)m(k)g(in)f(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)g(\(or)g(the)f(same\))h(place)h
11545 (later.)275 1209 y(When)23 b(y)m(ou)g(use)g(a)h(kill)g(command,)g(the)g
11546 (text)g(is)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)i(in)e(a)g Fq(kill-ring)p Ft(.)39
11547 b(An)m(y)24 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)h(consecutiv)m(e)150
11548 1318 y(kills)31 b(sa)m(v)m(e)i(all)f(of)f(the)g(killed)h(text)g
11549 (together,)g(so)g(that)f(when)f(y)m(ou)h(y)m(ank)h(it)f(bac)m(k,)h(y)m
11550 (ou)g(get)g(it)f(all.)43 b(The)150 1428 y(kill)33 b(ring)f(is)g(not)h
11551 (line)g(sp)s(eci\014c;)g(the)g(text)g(that)g(y)m(ou)g(killed)f(on)h(a)f
11552 (previously)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)h(line)f(is)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)150
11553 1537 y(to)31 b(b)s(e)f(y)m(ank)m(ed)h(bac)m(k)g(later,)h(when)d(y)m(ou)
11554 i(are)g(t)m(yping)f(another)h(line.)275 1695 y(Here)f(is)h(the)f(list)h
11555 (of)g(commands)f(for)g(killing)h(text.)150 1888 y Fj(C-k)336
11556 b Ft(Kill)31 b(the)f(text)i(from)e(the)g(curren)m(t)g(cursor)g(p)s
11557 (osition)h(to)g(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150 2070
11558 y Fj(M-d)336 b Ft(Kill)27 b(from)f(the)g(cursor)g(to)h(the)f(end)g(of)h
11559 (the)f(curren)m(t)g(w)m(ord,)h(or,)h(if)e(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(w)m(ords,)
11560 g(to)g(the)630 2180 y(end)j(of)g(the)h(next)f(w)m(ord.)41
11561 b(W)-8 b(ord)30 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)i(the)g(same)f(as)h(those)g(used)
11562 f(b)m(y)g Fj(M-f)p Ft(.)150 2362 y Fj(M-)246 2359 y Fg(h)p
11563 270 2306 146 4 v 270 2362 a Ff(DEL)p 270 2377 V 411 2359
11564 a Fg(i)630 2362 y Ft(Kill)h(from)f(the)h(cursor)f(the)g(start)h(of)g
11565 (the)g(curren)m(t)f(w)m(ord,)h(or,)f(if)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(w)m(ords,)
11566 f(to)i(the)630 2471 y(start)39 b(of)f(the)h(previous)f(w)m(ord.)64
11567 b(W)-8 b(ord)39 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)i(the)f(same)h(as)g(those)f(used)
11568 g(b)m(y)630 2581 y Fj(M-b)p Ft(.)150 2763 y Fj(C-w)336
11569 b Ft(Kill)32 b(from)e(the)i(cursor)e(to)i(the)g(previous)e(whitespace.)
11570 44 b(This)31 b(is)g(di\013eren)m(t)h(than)f Fj(M-)3555
11571 2760 y Fg(h)p 3578 2707 V 3578 2763 a Ff(DEL)p 3578 2778
11572 V 3720 2760 a Fg(i)630 2872 y Ft(b)s(ecause)f(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s
11573 (oundaries)f(di\013er.)275 3066 y(Here)42 b(is)f(ho)m(w)h(to)g
11574 Fq(y)m(ank)47 b Ft(the)42 b(text)g(bac)m(k)h(in)m(to)f(the)g(line.)74
11575 b(Y)-8 b(anking)43 b(means)e(to)h(cop)m(y)h(the)e(most-)150
11576 3175 y(recen)m(tly-killed)33 b(text)e(from)f(the)g(kill)i(bu\013er.)150
11577 3369 y Fj(C-y)336 b Ft(Y)-8 b(ank)31 b(the)f(most)h(recen)m(tly)h
11578 (killed)f(text)g(bac)m(k)g(in)m(to)h(the)e(bu\013er)g(at)h(the)f
11579 (cursor.)150 3551 y Fj(M-y)336 b Ft(Rotate)36 b(the)f(kill-ring,)i(and)
11580 d(y)m(ank)h(the)f(new)g(top.)54 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(can)g(only)f(do)h
11581 (this)f(if)h(the)g(prior)630 3660 y(command)30 b(is)h
11582 Fj(C-y)e Ft(or)h Fj(M-y)p Ft(.)150 3930 y Fk(8.2.4)63
11583 b(Readline)40 b(Argumen)m(ts)275 4197 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ou)29
11584 b(can)h(pass)f(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m(ts)g(to)h(Readline)g(commands.)40
11585 b(Sometimes)30 b(the)f(argumen)m(t)h(acts)150 4306 y(as)40
11586 b(a)h(rep)s(eat)f(coun)m(t,)j(other)e(times)f(it)h(is)f(the)g
11587 Fm(sign)47 b Ft(of)41 b(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(that)h(is)f(signi\014can)m
11588 (t.)71 b(If)40 b(y)m(ou)150 4416 y(pass)33 b(a)h(negativ)m(e)i(argumen)
11589 m(t)e(to)g(a)g(command)f(whic)m(h)g(normally)h(acts)g(in)f(a)h(forw)m
11590 (ard)f(direction,)i(that)150 4525 y(command)g(will)h(act)g(in)f(a)h
11591 (bac)m(kw)m(ard)f(direction.)57 b(F)-8 b(or)36 b(example,)h(to)f(kill)g
11592 (text)g(bac)m(k)g(to)g(the)g(start)g(of)150 4635 y(the)31
11593 b(line,)g(y)m(ou)f(migh)m(t)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g(`)p Fs(M--)f(C-k)p
11594 Ft('.)275 4792 y(The)d(general)i(w)m(a)m(y)h(to)e(pass)g(n)m(umeric)g
11595 (argumen)m(ts)h(to)g(a)f(command)g(is)g(to)h(t)m(yp)s(e)f(meta)i
11596 (digits)e(b)s(efore)150 4902 y(the)j(command.)42 b(If)30
11597 b(the)h(\014rst)f(`digit')i(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(is)g(a)g(min)m(us)f(sign)h
11598 (\(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('\),)h(then)f(the)g(sign)f(of)h(the)g(argumen)m(t)150
11599 5011 y(will)39 b(b)s(e)e(negativ)m(e.)66 b(Once)38 b(y)m(ou)h(ha)m(v)m
11600 (e)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(one)h(meta)g(digit)g(to)f(get)i(the)e(argumen)m(t)h
11601 (started,)i(y)m(ou)150 5121 y(can)29 b(t)m(yp)s(e)g(the)g(remainder)f
11602 (of)h(the)g(digits,)h(and)f(then)f(the)h(command.)40
11603 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(example,)g(to)f(giv)m(e)i(the)e Fj(C-d)150
11604 5230 y Ft(command)37 b(an)g(argumen)m(t)h(of)g(10,)i(y)m(ou)e(could)f
11605 (t)m(yp)s(e)h(`)p Fs(M-1)29 b(0)h(C-d)p Ft(',)39 b(whic)m(h)e(will)h
11606 (delete)h(the)e(next)h(ten)150 5340 y(c)m(haracters)32
11607 b(on)e(the)h(input)e(line.)p eop end
11608 %%Page: 96 102
11609 TeXDict begin 96 101 bop 150 -116 a Ft(96)2572 b(Bash)31
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11617 b Fq(incremen)m(tal)35 b Ft(and)30 b Fq(non-incremen)m(tal)p
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11619 (the)h(user)f(has)h(\014nished)e(t)m(yping)i(the)g(searc)m(h)g(string.)
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11628 Fj(C-r)p Ft(.)40 b(T)m(yping)29 b Fj(C-s)g Ft(searc)m(hes)h(forw)m(ard)
11629 f(through)g(the)g(history)-8 b(.)41 b(The)29 b(c)m(haracters)i(presen)m
11630 (t)150 1438 y(in)38 b(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)38 b(of)g(the)g
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11632 (terminate)g(an)f(incremen)m(tal)150 1548 y(searc)m(h.)63
11633 b(If)38 b(that)g(v)-5 b(ariable)38 b(has)g(not)g(b)s(een)f(assigned)h
11634 (a)g(v)-5 b(alue,)40 b(the)2578 1545 y Fg(h)p 2602 1492
11635 139 4 v 2602 1548 a Ff(ESC)p 2602 1563 V 2736 1545 a
11636 Fg(i)2804 1548 y Ft(and)d Fj(C-J)f Ft(c)m(haracters)k(will)150
11637 1657 y(terminate)j(an)g(incremen)m(tal)g(searc)m(h.)78
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11640 b(When)28 b(the)h(searc)m(h)h(is)f(terminated,)h(the)f(history)g(en)m
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11642 y(b)s(ecomes)h(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line.)275 2008 y(T)-8
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11644 (history)g(list,)h(t)m(yp)s(e)g Fj(C-r)e Ft(or)h Fj(C-s)f
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11646 (kw)m(ard)g(or)f(forw)m(ard)g(in)f(the)i(history)f(for)g(the)g(next)g
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11649 (sequence)f(b)s(ound)e(to)i(a)g(Readline)h(command)e(will)h(terminate)h
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11651 b(F)-8 b(or)22 b(instance,)h(a)2127 2334 y Fg(h)p 2151
11652 2281 151 4 v 2151 2337 a Ff(RET)p 2151 2352 V 2298 2334
11653 a Fg(i)2349 2337 y Ft(will)e(terminate)h(the)f(searc)m(h)h(and)e
11654 (accept)150 2446 y(the)30 b(line,)g(thereb)m(y)f(executing)i(the)e
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11656 (command)d(will)150 2556 y(terminate)i(the)g(searc)m(h,)g(mak)m(e)h
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11664 b(searc)m(hes)g(read)e(the)h(en)m(tire)h(searc)m(h)f(string)g(b)s
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11668 3257 y(con)m(ten)m(ts)32 b(of)f(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line.)150
11669 3504 y Fr(8.3)68 b(Readline)47 b(Init)e(File)275 3745
11670 y Ft(Although)g(the)g(Readline)h(library)e(comes)i(with)f(a)h(set)f(of)
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11680 b(is)g(unset,)g(the)f(default)g(is)g(`)p Fs(~/.inputrc)p
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11689 (it.)150 4990 y Fk(8.3.1)63 b(Readline)40 b(Init)h(File)g(Syn)m(tax)275
11690 5230 y Ft(There)33 b(are)h(only)g(a)g(few)f(basic)h(constructs)g(allo)m
11691 (w)m(ed)h(in)f(the)g(Readline)g(init)g(\014le.)51 b(Blank)34
11692 b(lines)g(are)150 5340 y(ignored.)72 b(Lines)41 b(b)s(eginning)f(with)h
11693 (a)g(`)p Fs(#)p Ft(')g(are)h(commen)m(ts.)73 b(Lines)41
11694 b(b)s(eginning)f(with)g(a)i(`)p Fs($)p Ft(')f(indicate)p
11695 eop end
11696 %%Page: 97 103
11697 TeXDict begin 97 102 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
11698 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2107 b(97)150 299 y(conditional)39
11699 b(constructs)f(\(see)g(Section)h(8.3.2)g([Conditional)g(Init)e
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11701 b(denote)g(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(settings)g(and)f(k)m(ey)h(bindings.)150
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11703 b(can)g(mo)s(dify)e(the)i(run-time)f(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)h(Readline)g
11704 (b)m(y)f(altering)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(of)630 790
11705 y(v)-5 b(ariables)34 b(in)f(Readline)i(using)e(the)g
11706 Fs(set)g Ft(command)g(within)g(the)h(init)g(\014le.)50
11707 b(The)33 b(syn)m(tax)630 900 y(is)d(simple:)870 1036
11708 y Fs(set)47 b Fj(variable)56 b(value)630 1171 y Ft(Here,)29
11709 b(for)e(example,)h(is)g(ho)m(w)f(to)h(c)m(hange)g(from)f(the)g(default)
11710 h(Emacs-lik)m(e)h(k)m(ey)f(binding)e(to)630 1281 y(use)k
11711 Fs(vi)g Ft(line)h(editing)g(commands:)870 1417 y Fs(set)47
11712 b(editing-mode)d(vi)630 1552 y Ft(V)-8 b(ariable)36 b(names)f(and)g(v)
11713 -5 b(alues,)36 b(where)f(appropriate,)h(are)g(recognized)g(without)f
11714 (regard)630 1662 y(to)c(case.)42 b(Unrecognized)31 b(v)-5
11715 b(ariable)31 b(names)g(are)f(ignored.)630 1797 y(Bo)s(olean)c(v)-5
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11718 b(alue)26 b(is)630 1907 y(n)m(ull)e(or)g(empt)m(y)-8
11719 b(,)27 b Fq(on)d Ft(\(case-insensitiv)m(e\),)29 b(or)24
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11721 -5 b(ariable)630 2017 y(b)s(eing)30 b(set)h(to)g(o\013.)630
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11728 b(what)g(happ)s(ens)e(when)h(Readline)i(w)m(an)m(ts)f(to)h(ring)e(the)h
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11730 Fs(none)p Ft(',)g(Readline)g(nev)m(er)g(rings)e(the)i(b)s(ell.)61
11731 b(If)36 b(set)i(to)1110 2888 y(`)p Fs(visible)p Ft(',)32
11732 b(Readline)i(uses)f(a)g(visible)g(b)s(ell)g(if)g(one)g(is)g(a)m(v)-5
11733 b(ailable.)51 b(If)33 b(set)g(to)1110 2997 y(`)p Fs(audible)p
11734 Ft(')j(\(the)i(default\),)i(Readline)e(attempts)g(to)h(ring)e(the)g
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11736 1110 3378 y Ft(If)45 b(set)h(to)f(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)50
11737 b(Readline)45 b(attempts)i(to)f(bind)d(the)j(con)m(trol)g(c)m
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11745 1110 4250 y Ft(If)d(set)h(to)g(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(Readline)g(p)s
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11761 (displa)m(y)m(ed.)41 b(If)29 b(the)p eop end
11762 %%Page: 98 104
11763 TeXDict begin 98 103 bop 150 -116 a Ft(98)2572 b(Bash)31
11764 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)1110 299 y(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)26
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11801 3112 y Ft(If)c(set)h(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)f(tilde)g(expansion)g(is)f
11802 (p)s(erformed)f(when)h(Readline)h(attempts)1110 3221
11803 y(w)m(ord)i(completion.)42 b(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p
11804 Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 3367 y Fs(history-preserve-point)1110
11805 3477 y Ft(If)41 b(set)h(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)i(the)c(history)h(co)s
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11807 3587 y(curren)m(t)35 b(cursor)g(p)s(osition\))g(at)h(the)g(same)f(lo)s
11808 (cation)i(on)e(eac)m(h)h(history)g(line)1110 3696 y(retriev)m(ed)h
11809 (with)f Fs(previous-history)c Ft(or)37 b Fs(next-history)p
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11816 4427 y Fs(horizontal-scroll-mode)1110 4536 y Ft(This)g(v)-5
11817 b(ariable)37 b(can)f(b)s(e)f(set)h(to)h(either)f(`)p
11818 Fs(on)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)57 b(Setting)36
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11820 (of)g(the)f(lines)g(b)s(eing)g(edited)h(will)f(scroll)h(horizon)m
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11825 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(set)f(to)i(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)630
11826 5121 y Fs(input-meta)1110 5230 y Ft(If)f(set)g(to)h(`)p
11827 Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(Readline)g(will)f(enable)h(eigh)m(t-bit)h(input)d(\(it)
11828 i(will)f(not)h(clear)1110 5340 y(the)40 b(eigh)m(th)g(bit)g(in)f(the)h
11829 (c)m(haracters)h(it)f(reads\),)j(regardless)c(of)h(what)g(the)p
11830 eop end
11831 %%Page: 99 105
11832 TeXDict begin 99 104 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
11833 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2107 b(99)1110 299 y(terminal)40
11834 b(claims)h(it)g(can)f(supp)s(ort.)68 b(The)39 b(default)h(v)-5
11835 b(alue)40 b(is)g(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)69 b(The)1110 408
11836 y(name)30 b Fs(meta-flag)e Ft(is)j(a)f(synon)m(ym)g(for)g(this)h(v)-5
11837 b(ariable.)630 579 y Fs(isearch-terminators)1110 689
11838 y Ft(The)51 b(string)h(of)g(c)m(haracters)h(that)f(should)e(terminate)j
11839 (an)f(incremen)m(tal)1110 798 y(searc)m(h)25 b(without)g(subsequen)m
11840 (tly)g(executing)h(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(as)f(a)g(command)1110
11841 908 y(\(see)42 b(Section)f(8.2.5)i([Searc)m(hing],)i(page)c(96\).)73
11842 b(If)41 b(this)g(v)-5 b(ariable)41 b(has)g(not)1110 1017
11843 y(b)s(een)31 b(giv)m(en)h(a)g(v)-5 b(alue,)32 b(the)g(c)m(haracters)
11844 2494 1014 y Fg(h)p 2518 961 139 4 v 2518 1017 a Ff(ESC)p
11845 2518 1033 V 2652 1014 a Fg(i)2713 1017 y Ft(and)f Fj(C-J)g
11846 Ft(will)h(terminate)g(an)1110 1127 y(incremen)m(tal)g(searc)m(h.)630
11847 1297 y Fs(keymap)192 b Ft(Sets)39 b(Readline's)g(idea)h(of)f(the)g
11848 (curren)m(t)f(k)m(eymap)h(for)g(k)m(ey)g(binding)f(com-)1110
11849 1407 y(mands.)81 b(Acceptable)47 b Fs(keymap)42 b Ft(names)i(are)h
11850 Fs(emacs)p Ft(,)i Fs(emacs-standard)p Ft(,)1110 1517
11851 y Fs(emacs-meta)p Ft(,)99 b Fs(emacs-ctlx)p Ft(,)f Fs(vi)p
11852 Ft(,)j Fs(vi-move)p Ft(,)f Fs(vi-command)p Ft(,)f(and)1110
11853 1626 y Fs(vi-insert)p Ft(.)64 b Fs(vi)38 b Ft(is)h(equiv)-5
11854 b(alen)m(t)41 b(to)e Fs(vi-command)p Ft(;)i Fs(emacs)c
11855 Ft(is)i(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)1110 1736 y(to)33 b Fs(emacs-standard)p
11856 Ft(.)41 b(The)31 b(default)h(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(is)g Fs(emacs)p
11857 Ft(.)44 b(The)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)f(the)1110 1845
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11859 (default)f(k)m(eymap.)630 2016 y Fs(mark-directories)1110
11860 2125 y Ft(If)38 b(set)g(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)i(completed)e(directory)
11861 f(names)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)e(slash)g(app)s(ended.)1110
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11863 2405 y Fs(mark-modified-lines)1110 2515 y Ft(This)k(v)-5
11864 b(ariable,)38 b(when)d(set)h(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(causes)g
11865 (Readline)f(to)h(displa)m(y)f(an)f(as-)1110 2625 y(terisk)f(\(`)p
11866 Fs(*)p Ft('\))h(at)f(the)g(start)g(of)g(history)g(lines)g(whic)m(h)f
11867 (ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)e(mo)s(di\014ed.)1110 2734 y(This)d(v)-5
11868 b(ariable)31 b(is)f(`)p Fs(off)p Ft(')g(b)m(y)g(default.)630
11869 2905 y Fs(mark-symlinked-directori)o(es)1110 3014 y Ft(If)44
11870 b(set)h(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)i(completed)e(names)f(whic)m(h)f(are)h
11871 (sym)m(b)s(olic)g(links)g(to)g(di-)1110 3124 y(rectories)j(ha)m(v)m(e)f
11872 (a)g(slash)f(app)s(ended)e(\(sub)5 b(ject)47 b(to)g(the)f(v)-5
11873 b(alue)47 b(of)f Fs(mark-)1110 3233 y(directories)p Ft(\).)38
11874 b(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 3404
11875 y Fs(match-hidden-files)1110 3513 y Ft(This)21 b(v)-5
11876 b(ariable,)25 b(when)d(set)g(to)h(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(causes)f
11877 (Readline)g(to)g(matc)m(h)g(\014les)f(whose)1110 3623
11878 y(names)44 b(b)s(egin)g(with)g(a)g(`)p Fs(.)p Ft(')g(\(hidden)f
11879 (\014les\))i(when)e(p)s(erforming)g(\014lename)1110 3733
11880 y(completion,)j(unless)41 b(the)g(leading)h(`)p Fs(.)p
11881 Ft(')g(is)g(supplied)e(b)m(y)h(the)h(user)f(in)g(the)1110
11882 3842 y(\014lename)31 b(to)g(b)s(e)e(completed.)42 b(This)30
11883 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)f(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(')h(b)m(y)f(default.)630
11884 4013 y Fs(output-meta)1110 4122 y Ft(If)35 b(set)h(to)g(`)p
11885 Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(Readline)f(will)g(displa)m(y)f(c)m(haracters)i(with)e
11886 (the)h(eigh)m(th)g(bit)1110 4232 y(set)h(directly)g(rather)f(than)g(as)
11887 h(a)g(meta-pre\014xed)f(escap)s(e)h(sequence.)59 b(The)1110
11888 4341 y(default)31 b(is)f(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 4512
11889 y Fs(page-completions)1110 4622 y Ft(If)j(set)i(to)f(`)p
11890 Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(Readline)g(uses)e(an)h(in)m(ternal)h
11891 Fs(more)p Ft(-lik)m(e)f(pager)g(to)h(displa)m(y)1110
11892 4731 y(a)e(screenful)f(of)g(p)s(ossible)g(completions)i(at)f(a)g(time.)
11893 47 b(This)31 b(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(is)e(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(')1110
11894 4841 y(b)m(y)e(default.)630 5011 y Fs(print-completions-horizo)o(ntal)o
11895 (ly)1110 5121 y Ft(If)23 b(set)i(to)g(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(Readline)g
11896 (will)f(displa)m(y)g(completions)h(with)f(matc)m(hes)h(sorted)1110
11897 5230 y(horizon)m(tally)45 b(in)e(alphab)s(etical)i(order,)i(rather)c
11898 (than)g(do)m(wn)g(the)h(screen.)1110 5340 y(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p
11899 Fs(off)p Ft('.)p eop end
11900 %%Page: 100 106
11901 TeXDict begin 100 105 bop 150 -116 a Ft(100)2527 b(Bash)31
11902 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(revert-all-at-newline)1110
11903 408 y Ft(If)e(set)h(to)g(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(Readline)g(will)g(undo)f
11904 (all)h(c)m(hanges)h(to)f(history)g(lines)f(b)s(efore)1110
11905 518 y(returning)f(when)f Fs(accept-line)f Ft(is)j(executed.)41
11906 b(By)29 b(default,)g(history)g(lines)1110 628 y(ma)m(y)42
11907 b(b)s(e)g(mo)s(di\014ed)e(and)h(retain)i(individual)e(undo)g(lists)h
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11909 b(The)30 b(default)h(is)f(`)p Fs(off)p Ft('.)630 905
11910 y Fs(show-all-if-ambiguous)1110 1015 y Ft(This)f(alters)i(the)f
11911 (default)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)g(the)h(completion)g(functions.)40
11912 b(If)29 b(set)1110 1124 y(to)f(`)p Fs(on)p Ft(',)g(w)m(ords)f(whic)m(h)
11913 g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(more)f(than)f(one)h(p)s(ossible)f(completion)h(cause)
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11915 (instead)e(of)g(ringing)g(the)g(b)s(ell.)1110 1344 y(The)30
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11917 1512 y Fs(show-all-if-unmodified)1110 1621 y Ft(This)38
11918 b(alters)h(the)g(default)g(b)s(eha)m(vior)g(of)f(the)h(completion)h
11919 (functions)e(in)h(a)1110 1731 y(fashion)25 b(similar)h(to)g
11920 Fq(sho)m(w-all-if-am)m(biguous)p Ft(.)41 b(If)25 b(set)h(to)h(`)p
11921 Fs(on)p Ft(',)f(w)m(ords)f(whic)m(h)1110 1840 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32
11922 b(more)f(than)f(one)i(p)s(ossible)e(completion)i(without)f(an)m(y)g(p)s
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11924 f(completions)h(don't)f(share)g(a)h(common)1110 2060
11925 y(pre\014x\))30 b(cause)g(the)h(matc)m(hes)g(to)g(b)s(e)f(listed)g
11926 (immediately)i(instead)e(of)h(ring-)1110 2169 y(ing)g(the)f(b)s(ell.)41
11927 b(The)30 b(default)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(is)f(`)p Fs(off)p
11928 Ft('.)630 2337 y Fs(visible-stats)1110 2447 y Ft(If)h(set)i(to)f(`)p
11929 Fs(on)p Ft(',)h(a)f(c)m(haracter)i(denoting)e(a)g(\014le's)g(t)m(yp)s
11930 (e)g(is)g(app)s(ended)e(to)j(the)1110 2556 y(\014lename)e(when)e
11931 (listing)i(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)42 b(The)30 b(default)g(is)h(`)p
11932 Fs(off)p Ft('.)150 2724 y(Key)f(Bindings)630 2834 y(The)41
11933 b(syn)m(tax)i(for)f(con)m(trolling)h(k)m(ey)g(bindings)e(in)h(the)g
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11955 b(-p)42 b Ft(command)h(displa)m(ys)g(Readline)g(function)g(names)g(and)
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11960 b Ft(or)c Fq(macro)1110 4734 y(k)m(eyname)k Ft(is)29
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11962 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(example:)1350 4872 y Fs(Control-u:)45
11963 b(universal-argument)1350 4982 y(Meta-Rubout:)f(backward-kill-word)1350
11964 5092 y(Control-o:)h(">)i(output")1110 5230 y Ft(In)38
11965 b(the)h(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)h(example,)h Fj(C-u)d Ft(is)h(b)s(ound)d(to)k
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11968 Fs(backward-kill-word)p Ft(,)p eop end
11969 %%Page: 101 107
11970 TeXDict begin 101 106 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
11971 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(101)1110 299 y(and)38
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11974 g(the)f(text)i(`)p Fs(>)e(output)p Ft(')f(in)m(to)i(the)g(line\).)1110
11975 543 y(A)37 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f(of)h(sym)m(b)s(olic)g(c)m(haracter)i
11976 (names)e(are)g(recognized)h(while)f(pro-)1110 653 y(cessing)24
11977 b(this)g(k)m(ey)g(binding)f(syn)m(tax:)37 b Fq(DEL)p
11978 Ft(,)24 b Fq(ESC)p Ft(,)f Fq(ESCAPE)p Ft(,)g Fq(LFD)p
11979 Ft(,)h Fq(NEW-)1110 763 y(LINE)p Ft(,)30 b Fq(RET)p Ft(,)g
11980 Fq(RETURN)p Ft(,)h Fq(R)m(UBOUT)p Ft(,)g Fq(SP)-8 b(A)m(CE)p
11981 Ft(,)30 b Fq(SPC)p Ft(,)g(and)f Fq(T)-8 b(AB)p Ft(.)630
11982 923 y Fs(")p Fq(k)m(eyseq)r Fs(")p Ft(:)41 b Fq(function-name)36
11983 b Ft(or)30 b Fq(macro)1110 1032 y(k)m(eyseq)k Ft(di\013ers)d(from)f
11984 Fq(k)m(eyname)37 b Ft(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)32 b(in)f(that)h(strings)f
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11987 1110 1251 y(double)29 b(quotes.)41 b(Some)29 b Fl(gnu)h
11988 Ft(Emacs)f(st)m(yle)i(k)m(ey)f(escap)s(es)g(can)g(b)s(e)f(used,)g(as)
11989 1110 1361 y(in)k(the)h(follo)m(wing)i(example,)f(but)e(the)h(sp)s
11990 (ecial)h(c)m(haracter)g(names)f(are)g(not)1110 1471 y(recognized.)1350
11991 1606 y Fs("\\C-u":)46 b(universal-argument)1350 1715
11992 y("\\C-x\\C-r":)f(re-read-init-file)1350 1825 y("\\e[11~":)g("Function)
11993 h(Key)g(1")1110 1960 y Ft(In)64 b(the)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i(example,)74
11994 b Fj(C-u)64 b Ft(is)g(again)i(b)s(ound)c(to)k(the)e(function)1110
11995 2069 y Fs(universal-argument)39 b Ft(\(just)k(as)h(it)g(w)m(as)g(in)g
11996 (the)f(\014rst)g(example\),)49 b(`)p Fj(C-x)1110 2179
11997 y(C-r)p Ft(')41 b(is)g(b)s(ound)e(to)j(the)f(function)g
11998 Fs(re-read-init-file)p Ft(,)e(and)i(`)3462 2176 y Fg(h)p
11999 3486 2123 139 4 v 3486 2179 a Ff(ESC)p 3486 2194 V 3620
12000 2176 a Fg(i)31 b(h)p 3705 2123 20 4 v 3705 2179 a Ff([)p
12001 3705 2195 V 3720 2176 a Fg(i)1110 2285 y(h)p 1134 2232
12002 36 4 v 1134 2288 a Ff(1)p 1134 2304 V 1165 2285 a Fg(i)f(h)p
12003 1250 2232 V 1250 2288 a Ff(1)p 1250 2304 V 1281 2285
12004 a Fg(i)g(h)p 1365 2232 48 4 v 1365 2288 a Fs(~)p 1365
12005 2304 V 1409 2285 a Fg(i)1438 2288 y Ft(')h(is)f(b)s(ound)f(to)i(insert)
12006 f(the)h(text)g(`)p Fs(Function)d(Key)i(1)p Ft('.)630
12007 2449 y(The)f(follo)m(wing)i Fl(gnu)f Ft(Emacs)g(st)m(yle)h(escap)s(e)f
12008 (sequences)g(are)g(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)32 b(when)d(sp)s(ecifying)630
12009 2558 y(k)m(ey)i(sequences:)630 2718 y Fj(\\C-)336 b Ft(con)m(trol)32
12010 b(pre\014x)630 2878 y Fj(\\M-)336 b Ft(meta)31 b(pre\014x)630
12011 3039 y Fj(\\e)384 b Ft(an)30 b(escap)s(e)h(c)m(haracter)630
12012 3199 y Fj(\\\\)384 b Ft(bac)m(kslash)630 3359 y Fj(\\)p
12013 Fs(")1110 3356 y Fg(h)p 1134 3303 V 1134 3359 a Fs(")p
12014 1134 3374 V 1178 3356 a Fg(i)1208 3359 y Ft(,)30 b(a)h(double)f
12015 (quotation)h(mark)630 3519 y Fj(\\')1110 3516 y Fg(h)p
12016 1134 3463 20 4 v 1134 3519 a Ff(')p 1134 3534 V 1150
12017 3516 a Fg(i)1179 3519 y Ft(,)g(a)g(single)g(quote)g(or)f(ap)s(ostrophe)
12018 630 3679 y(In)d(addition)h(to)g(the)g Fl(gnu)f Ft(Emacs)h(st)m(yle)h
12019 (escap)s(e)f(sequences,)h(a)f(second)f(set)h(of)g(bac)m(kslash)630
12020 3789 y(escap)s(es)j(is)f(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable:)630 3949
12021 y Fs(\\a)384 b Ft(alert)31 b(\(b)s(ell\))630 4109 y Fs(\\b)384
12022 b Ft(bac)m(kspace)630 4269 y Fs(\\d)g Ft(delete)630 4430
12023 y Fs(\\f)g Ft(form)30 b(feed)630 4590 y Fs(\\n)384 b
12024 Ft(newline)630 4750 y Fs(\\r)g Ft(carriage)32 b(return)630
12025 4910 y Fs(\\t)384 b Ft(horizon)m(tal)32 b(tab)630 5070
12026 y Fs(\\v)384 b Ft(v)m(ertical)32 b(tab)630 5230 y Fs(\\)p
12027 Fj(nnn)288 b Ft(the)35 b(eigh)m(t-bit)h(c)m(haracter)g(whose)e(v)-5
12028 b(alue)35 b(is)g(the)f(o)s(ctal)i(v)-5 b(alue)35 b Fq(nnn)e
12029 Ft(\(one)i(to)1110 5340 y(three)c(digits\))p eop end
12030 %%Page: 102 108
12031 TeXDict begin 102 107 bop 150 -116 a Ft(102)2527 b(Bash)31
12032 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y Fs(\\x)p Fj(HH)288
12033 b Ft(the)40 b(eigh)m(t-bit)h(c)m(haracter)g(whose)e(v)-5
12034 b(alue)39 b(is)h(the)f(hexadecimal)i(v)-5 b(alue)40 b
12035 Fq(HH)1110 408 y Ft(\(one)31 b(or)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(hex)e(digits\))630
12036 554 y(When)37 b(en)m(tering)h(the)g(text)g(of)g(a)g(macro,)i(single)e
12037 (or)f(double)g(quotes)h(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)630
12038 664 y(indicate)23 b(a)e(macro)h(de\014nition.)38 b(Unquoted)21
12039 b(text)i(is)e(assumed)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(a)h(function)f(name.)38
12040 b(In)630 773 y(the)22 b(macro)f(b)s(o)s(dy)-8 b(,)23
12041 b(the)e(bac)m(kslash)h(escap)s(es)g(describ)s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j
12042 (are)e(expanded.)37 b(Bac)m(kslash)630 883 y(will)j(quote)h(an)m(y)f
12043 (other)g(c)m(haracter)i(in)d(the)i(macro)f(text,)k(including)39
12044 b(`)p Fs(")p Ft(')h(and)g(`)p Fs(')p Ft('.)69 b(F)-8
12045 b(or)630 993 y(example,)28 b(the)e(follo)m(wing)h(binding)d(will)i(mak)
12046 m(e)h(`)p Fj(C-x)j Fs(\\)p Ft(')c(insert)f(a)h(single)h(`)p
12047 Fs(\\)p Ft(')f(in)m(to)g(the)g(line:)870 1120 y Fs("\\C-x\\\\":)45
12048 b("\\\\")150 1324 y Fk(8.3.2)63 b(Conditional)41 b(Init)g(Constructs)
12049 275 1561 y Ft(Readline)36 b(implemen)m(ts)f(a)h(facilit)m(y)i(similar)d
12050 (in)g(spirit)g(to)h(the)g(conditional)h(compilation)g(features)150
12051 1671 y(of)e(the)f(C)g(prepro)s(cessor)g(whic)m(h)g(allo)m(ws)i(k)m(ey)f
12052 (bindings)e(and)h(v)-5 b(ariable)35 b(settings)h(to)f(b)s(e)f(p)s
12053 (erformed)f(as)150 1781 y(the)e(result)f(of)g(tests.)42
12054 b(There)30 b(are)h(four)e(parser)h(directiv)m(es)i(used.)150
12055 1926 y Fs($if)336 b Ft(The)31 b Fs($if)f Ft(construct)i(allo)m(ws)h
12056 (bindings)d(to)i(b)s(e)e(made)i(based)f(on)g(the)g(editing)h(mo)s(de,)g
12057 (the)630 2036 y(terminal)39 b(b)s(eing)e(used,)j(or)e(the)g
12058 (application)h(using)f(Readline.)64 b(The)38 b(text)h(of)f(the)g(test)
12059 630 2146 y(extends)30 b(to)h(the)g(end)f(of)g(the)h(line;)g(no)f(c)m
12060 (haracters)i(are)f(required)e(to)i(isolate)i(it.)630
12061 2291 y Fs(mode)288 b Ft(The)20 b Fs(mode=)g Ft(form)g(of)h(the)g
12062 Fs($if)f Ft(directiv)m(e)j(is)e(used)f(to)h(test)h(whether)e(Readline)
12063 1110 2401 y(is)29 b(in)h Fs(emacs)e Ft(or)h Fs(vi)g Ft(mo)s(de.)40
12064 b(This)29 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(used)h(in)g(conjunction)h(with)f(the)1110
12065 2511 y(`)p Fs(set)h(keymap)p Ft(')c(command,)i(for)f(instance,)i(to)f
12066 (set)g(bindings)f(in)g(the)h Fs(emacs-)1110 2620 y(standard)23
12067 b Ft(and)h Fs(emacs-ctlx)f Ft(k)m(eymaps)i(only)g(if)g(Readline)h(is)f
12068 (starting)h(out)1110 2730 y(in)k Fs(emacs)f Ft(mo)s(de.)630
12069 2876 y Fs(term)288 b Ft(The)26 b Fs(term=)g Ft(form)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e
12070 (used)g(to)i(include)f(terminal-sp)s(eci\014c)g(k)m(ey)h(bind-)1110
12071 2985 y(ings,)38 b(p)s(erhaps)c(to)j(bind)e(the)h(k)m(ey)h(sequences)f
12072 (output)g(b)m(y)g(the)g(terminal's)1110 3095 y(function)24
12073 b(k)m(eys.)39 b(The)23 b(w)m(ord)h(on)f(the)i(righ)m(t)f(side)g(of)g
12074 (the)g(`)p Fs(=)p Ft(')g(is)g(tested)h(against)1110 3204
12075 y(b)s(oth)k(the)h(full)g(name)g(of)g(the)g(terminal)h(and)e(the)i(p)s
12076 (ortion)e(of)h(the)g(terminal)1110 3314 y(name)k(b)s(efore)f(the)g
12077 (\014rst)g(`)p Fs(-)p Ft('.)50 b(This)33 b(allo)m(ws)i
12078 Fs(sun)e Ft(to)h(matc)m(h)g(b)s(oth)f Fs(sun)g Ft(and)1110
12079 3424 y Fs(sun-cmd)p Ft(,)c(for)h(instance.)630 3569 y
12080 Fs(application)1110 3679 y Ft(The)21 b Fq(application)j
12081 Ft(construct)e(is)g(used)f(to)i(include)f(application-sp)s(eci\014c)h
12082 (set-)1110 3789 y(tings.)39 b(Eac)m(h)26 b(program)e(using)g(the)h
12083 (Readline)g(library)g(sets)g(the)g Fq(application)1110
12084 3898 y(name)p Ft(,)g(and)e(y)m(ou)g(can)h(test)g(for)f(a)g(particular)h
12085 (v)-5 b(alue.)39 b(This)22 b(could)h(b)s(e)g(used)f(to)1110
12086 4008 y(bind)32 b(k)m(ey)h(sequences)g(to)h(functions)e(useful)g(for)h
12087 (a)g(sp)s(eci\014c)f(program.)48 b(F)-8 b(or)1110 4117
12088 y(instance,)35 b(the)e(follo)m(wing)h(command)f(adds)f(a)i(k)m(ey)f
12089 (sequence)h(that)f(quotes)1110 4227 y(the)e(curren)m(t)f(or)g(previous)
12090 g(w)m(ord)g(in)g(Bash:)1350 4355 y Fs($if)47 b(Bash)1350
12091 4464 y(#)g(Quote)g(the)g(current)f(or)h(previous)e(word)1350
12092 4574 y("\\C-xq":)h("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")1350 4683 y($endif)150
12093 4829 y($endif)192 b Ft(This)29 b(command,)i(as)f(seen)h(in)f(the)g
12094 (previous)g(example,)h(terminates)g(an)g Fs($if)e Ft(command.)150
12095 4975 y Fs($else)240 b Ft(Commands)29 b(in)h(this)h(branc)m(h)e(of)i
12096 (the)f Fs($if)g Ft(directiv)m(e)i(are)f(executed)g(if)f(the)h(test)g
12097 (fails.)150 5121 y Fs($include)96 b Ft(This)43 b(directiv)m(e)i(tak)m
12098 (es)g(a)e(single)i(\014lename)e(as)h(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(and)f(reads)g
12099 (commands)630 5230 y(and)38 b(bindings)f(from)h(that)i(\014le.)65
12100 b(F)-8 b(or)39 b(example,)j(the)d(follo)m(wing)h(directiv)m(e)g(reads)e
12101 (from)630 5340 y(`)p Fs(/etc/inputrc)p Ft(':)p eop end
12102 %%Page: 103 109
12103 TeXDict begin 103 108 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
12104 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(103)870 299 y Fs($include)46
12105 b(/etc/inputrc)150 523 y Fk(8.3.3)63 b(Sample)41 b(Init)g(File)275
12106 767 y Ft(Here)31 b(is)f(an)g(example)i(of)e(an)g Fq(inputrc)35
12107 b Ft(\014le.)42 b(This)29 b(illustrates)j(k)m(ey)f(binding,)f(v)-5
12108 b(ariable)31 b(assignmen)m(t,)150 877 y(and)f(conditional)h(syn)m(tax.)
12109 p eop end
12110 %%Page: 104 110
12111 TeXDict begin 104 109 bop 150 -116 a Ft(104)2527 b(Bash)31
12112 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)390 408 y Fs(#)47 b(This)g(file)g(controls)e
12113 (the)i(behaviour)e(of)j(line)e(input)h(editing)e(for)390
12114 518 y(#)i(programs)f(that)h(use)g(the)f(GNU)h(Readline)f(library.)93
12115 b(Existing)390 628 y(#)47 b(programs)f(include)g(FTP,)g(Bash,)h(and)g
12116 (GDB.)390 737 y(#)390 847 y(#)g(You)g(can)g(re-read)f(the)h(inputrc)f
12117 (file)g(with)h(C-x)g(C-r.)390 956 y(#)g(Lines)g(beginning)e(with)i('#')
12118 g(are)g(comments.)390 1066 y(#)390 1176 y(#)g(First,)g(include)e(any)i
12119 (systemwide)e(bindings)h(and)h(variable)390 1285 y(#)g(assignments)e
12120 (from)i(/etc/Inputrc)390 1395 y($include)f(/etc/Inputrc)390
12121 1614 y(#)390 1724 y(#)h(Set)g(various)f(bindings)g(for)h(emacs)f(mode.)
12122 390 1943 y(set)h(editing-mode)d(emacs)390 2162 y($if)j(mode=emacs)390
12123 2381 y(Meta-Control-h:)91 b(backward-kill-word)43 b(Text)k(after)f(the)
12124 h(function)f(name)g(is)h(ignored)390 2600 y(#)390 2710
12125 y(#)g(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(keypad)e(mode)390 2819 y(#)390
12126 2929 y(#"\\M-OD":)379 b(backward-char)390 3039 y(#"\\M-OC":)g
12127 (forward-char)390 3148 y(#"\\M-OA":)g(previous-history)390
12128 3258 y(#"\\M-OB":)g(next-history)390 3367 y(#)390 3477
12129 y(#)47 b(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(ANSI)e(mode)390 3587 y(#)390
12130 3696 y("\\M-[D":)380 b(backward-char)390 3806 y("\\M-[C":)g
12131 (forward-char)390 3915 y("\\M-[A":)g(previous-history)390
12132 4025 y("\\M-[B":)g(next-history)390 4134 y(#)390 4244
12133 y(#)47 b(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(8)f(bit)g(keypad)f(mode)390
12134 4354 y(#)390 4463 y(#"\\M-\\C-OD":)331 b(backward-char)390
12135 4573 y(#"\\M-\\C-OC":)g(forward-char)390 4682 y(#"\\M-\\C-OA":)g
12136 (previous-history)390 4792 y(#"\\M-\\C-OB":)g(next-history)390
12137 4902 y(#)390 5011 y(#)47 b(Arrow)g(keys)f(in)i(8)f(bit)g(ANSI)g(mode)
12138 390 5121 y(#)390 5230 y(#"\\M-\\C-[D":)331 b(backward-char)390
12139 5340 y(#"\\M-\\C-[C":)g(forward-char)p eop end
12140 %%Page: 105 111
12141 TeXDict begin 105 110 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
12142 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(105)390 299 y Fs(#"\\M-\\C-[A":)
12143 331 b(previous-history)390 408 y(#"\\M-\\C-[B":)g(next-history)390
12144 628 y(C-q:)47 b(quoted-insert)390 847 y($endif)390 1066
12145 y(#)g(An)h(old-style)d(binding.)93 b(This)47 b(happens)f(to)h(be)g(the)
12146 g(default.)390 1176 y(TAB:)g(complete)390 1395 y(#)g(Macros)g(that)f
12147 (are)h(convenient)e(for)i(shell)f(interaction)390 1504
12148 y($if)h(Bash)390 1614 y(#)g(edit)g(the)g(path)390 1724
12149 y("\\C-xp":)f("PATH=${PATH}\\e\\C-e\\C-a)o(\\ef)o(\\C-f)o(")390
12150 1833 y(#)h(prepare)f(to)h(type)g(a)h(quoted)e(word)g(--)390
12151 1943 y(#)h(insert)g(open)f(and)h(close)f(double)h(quotes)390
12152 2052 y(#)g(and)g(move)g(to)g(just)g(after)f(the)h(open)g(quote)390
12153 2162 y("\\C-x\\"":)e("\\"\\"\\C-b")390 2271 y(#)i(insert)g(a)g
12154 (backslash)e(\(testing)h(backslash)f(escapes)390 2381
12155 y(#)i(in)h(sequences)d(and)i(macros\))390 2491 y("\\C-x\\\\":)e("\\\\")
12156 390 2600 y(#)i(Quote)g(the)g(current)f(or)h(previous)e(word)390
12157 2710 y("\\C-xq":)h("\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")390 2819 y(#)h(Add)g(a)h(binding)e
12158 (to)h(refresh)f(the)h(line,)f(which)g(is)h(unbound)390
12159 2929 y("\\C-xr":)f(redraw-current-line)390 3039 y(#)h(Edit)g(variable)f
12160 (on)h(current)f(line.)390 3148 y("\\M-\\C-v":)f
12161 ("\\C-a\\C-k$\\C-y\\M-\\C-e\\C-)o(a\\C-)o(y=")390 3258
12162 y($endif)390 3477 y(#)i(use)g(a)h(visible)e(bell)g(if)h(one)g(is)h
12163 (available)390 3587 y(set)f(bell-style)e(visible)390
12164 3806 y(#)i(don't)g(strip)f(characters)f(to)i(7)h(bits)e(when)h(reading)
12165 390 3915 y(set)g(input-meta)e(on)390 4134 y(#)i(allow)g(iso-latin1)e
12166 (characters)g(to)i(be)g(inserted)f(rather)390 4244 y(#)h(than)g
12167 (converted)e(to)j(prefix-meta)c(sequences)390 4354 y(set)j
12168 (convert-meta)d(off)390 4573 y(#)j(display)f(characters)f(with)i(the)g
12169 (eighth)f(bit)h(set)g(directly)390 4682 y(#)g(rather)g(than)f(as)h
12170 (meta-prefixed)e(characters)390 4792 y(set)i(output-meta)e(on)390
12171 5011 y(#)i(if)h(there)e(are)h(more)g(than)f(150)h(possible)f
12172 (completions)e(for)390 5121 y(#)j(a)h(word,)e(ask)h(the)g(user)g(if)g
12173 (he)g(wants)f(to)i(see)f(all)f(of)i(them)390 5230 y(set)f
12174 (completion-query-items)42 b(150)p eop end
12175 %%Page: 106 112
12176 TeXDict begin 106 111 bop 150 -116 a Ft(106)2527 b(Bash)31
12177 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)390 299 y Fs(#)47 b(For)g(FTP)390
12178 408 y($if)g(Ftp)390 518 y("\\C-xg":)f("get)g(\\M-?")390
12179 628 y("\\C-xt":)g("put)g(\\M-?")390 737 y("\\M-.":)g(yank-last-arg)390
12180 847 y($endif)150 1109 y Fr(8.4)68 b(Bindable)45 b(Readline)i(Commands)
12181 275 1356 y Ft(This)34 b(section)j(describ)s(es)e(Readline)h(commands)g
12182 (that)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(b)s(ound)f(to)i(k)m(ey)h(sequences.)56
12183 b(Y)-8 b(ou)150 1465 y(can)29 b(list)g(y)m(our)g(k)m(ey)g(bindings)f(b)
12184 m(y)h(executing)g Fs(bind)h(-P)e Ft(or,)h(for)g(a)g(more)f(terse)i
12185 (format,)f(suitable)h(for)e(an)150 1575 y Fq(inputrc)34
12186 b Ft(\014le,)29 b Fs(bind)g(-p)p Ft(.)40 b(\(See)30 b(Section)f(4.2)h
12187 ([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(41.\))41 b(Command)28 b(names)h(without)
12188 150 1684 y(an)h(accompan)m(ying)i(k)m(ey)f(sequence)g(are)g(un)m(b)s
12189 (ound)d(b)m(y)i(default.)275 1821 y(In)25 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)i
12190 (descriptions,)f Fq(p)s(oin)m(t)h Ft(refers)e(to)h(the)f(curren)m(t)g
12191 (cursor)g(p)s(osition,)h(and)f Fq(mark)31 b Ft(refers)150
12192 1931 y(to)40 b(a)f(cursor)f(p)s(osition)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)h(b)m(y)f(the)g
12193 Fs(set-mark)d Ft(command.)66 b(The)38 b(text)i(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)f
12194 (p)s(oin)m(t)g(and)150 2040 y(mark)30 b(is)h(referred)e(to)i(as)g(the)f
12195 Fq(region)p Ft(.)150 2269 y Fk(8.4.1)63 b(Commands)42
12196 b(F)-10 b(or)41 b(Mo)m(ving)150 2514 y Fs(beginning-of-line)26
12197 b(\(C-a\))630 2623 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(start)h(of)g(the)f
12198 (curren)m(t)g(line.)150 2785 y Fs(end-of-line)d(\(C-e\))630
12199 2894 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(end)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150
12200 3056 y Fs(forward-char)c(\(C-f\))630 3165 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32
12201 b(forw)m(ard)e(a)h(c)m(haracter.)150 3327 y Fs(backward-char)c(\(C-b\))
12202 630 3437 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(bac)m(k)g(a)e(c)m(haracter.)150
12203 3598 y Fs(forward-word)d(\(M-f\))630 3708 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32
12204 b(forw)m(ard)e(to)h(the)f(end)g(of)g(the)h(next)f(w)m(ord.)41
12205 b(W)-8 b(ords)30 b(are)h(comp)s(osed)f(of)g(letters)i(and)630
12206 3817 y(digits.)150 3979 y Fs(backward-word)27 b(\(M-b\))630
12207 4088 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)36 b(bac)m(k)e(to)g(the)g(start)g(of)g(the)g
12208 (curren)m(t)f(or)g(previous)g(w)m(ord.)50 b(W)-8 b(ords)34
12209 b(are)g(comp)s(osed)630 4198 y(of)d(letters)g(and)f(digits.)150
12210 4359 y Fs(shell-forward-word)25 b(\(\))630 4469 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)30
12211 b(forw)m(ard)e(to)h(the)f(end)f(of)h(the)h(next)f(w)m(ord.)40
12212 b(W)-8 b(ords)28 b(are)g(delimited)h(b)m(y)f(non-quoted)630
12213 4579 y(shell)j(metac)m(haracters.)150 4740 y Fs(shell-backward-word)25
12214 b(\(\))630 4850 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)37 b(bac)m(k)e(to)h(the)f(start)g(of)g
12215 (the)g(curren)m(t)g(or)f(previous)h(w)m(ord.)53 b(W)-8
12216 b(ords)35 b(are)g(delimited)630 4959 y(b)m(y)30 b(non-quoted)h(shell)f
12217 (metac)m(haracters.)150 5121 y Fs(clear-screen)d(\(C-l\))630
12218 5230 y Ft(Clear)g(the)g(screen)f(and)h(redra)m(w)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f
12219 (line,)i(lea)m(ving)g(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line)g(at)g(the)g(top)630
12220 5340 y(of)k(the)f(screen.)p eop end
12221 %%Page: 107 113
12222 TeXDict begin 107 112 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
12223 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(107)150 299 y Fs
12224 (redraw-current-line)25 b(\(\))630 408 y Ft(Refresh)30
12225 b(the)g(curren)m(t)h(line.)41 b(By)30 b(default,)h(this)f(is)h(un)m(b)s
12226 (ound.)150 617 y Fk(8.4.2)63 b(Commands)42 b(F)-10 b(or)41
12227 b(Manipulating)h(The)f(History)150 855 y Fs(accept-line)27
12228 b(\(Newline)h(or)i(Return\))630 965 y Ft(Accept)25 b(the)e(line)h
12229 (regardless)g(of)f(where)g(the)h(cursor)e(is.)39 b(If)23
12230 b(this)g(line)h(is)f(non-empt)m(y)-8 b(,)26 b(add)c(it)630
12231 1074 y(to)27 b(the)f(history)g(list)h(according)g(to)g(the)f(setting)i
12232 (of)e(the)g Fs(HISTCONTROL)d Ft(and)j Fs(HISTIGNORE)630
12233 1184 y Ft(v)-5 b(ariables.)42 b(If)30 b(this)h(line)g(is)g(a)g(mo)s
12234 (di\014ed)e(history)i(line,)g(then)f(restore)i(the)f(history)f(line)h
12235 (to)630 1294 y(its)g(original)g(state.)150 1442 y Fs(previous-history)
12236 26 b(\(C-p\))630 1552 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(`bac)m(k')g(through)e(the)g
12237 (history)h(list,)g(fetc)m(hing)g(the)g(previous)f(command.)150
12238 1701 y Fs(next-history)d(\(C-n\))630 1810 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32
12239 b(`forw)m(ard')f(through)e(the)i(history)f(list,)i(fetc)m(hing)f(the)g
12240 (next)f(command.)150 1959 y Fs(beginning-of-history)25
12241 b(\(M-<\))630 2068 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(\014rst)g(line)g(in)
12242 h(the)f(history)-8 b(.)150 2217 y Fs(end-of-history)26
12243 b(\(M->\))630 2327 y Ft(Mo)m(v)m(e)32 b(to)g(the)e(end)g(of)g(the)h
12244 (input)e(history)-8 b(,)31 b(i.e.,)h(the)f(line)f(curren)m(tly)h(b)s
12245 (eing)f(en)m(tered.)150 2475 y Fs(reverse-search-history)24
12246 b(\(C-r\))630 2585 y Ft(Searc)m(h)31 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)h(starting)g(at)g
12247 (the)f(curren)m(t)g(line)g(and)g(mo)m(ving)h(`up')e(through)h(the)g
12248 (his-)630 2695 y(tory)g(as)f(necessary)-8 b(.)42 b(This)29
12249 b(is)i(an)f(incremen)m(tal)i(searc)m(h.)150 2843 y Fs
12250 (forward-search-history)24 b(\(C-s\))630 2953 y Ft(Searc)m(h)30
12251 b(forw)m(ard)f(starting)h(at)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(line)h(and)f(mo)m
12252 (ving)h(`do)m(wn')f(through)g(the)h(the)630 3062 y(history)g(as)h
12253 (necessary)-8 b(.)41 b(This)30 b(is)g(an)h(incremen)m(tal)g(searc)m(h.)
12254 150 3211 y Fs(non-incremental-reverse-)o(sear)o(ch-h)o(ist)o(ory)24
12255 b(\(M-p\))630 3321 y Ft(Searc)m(h)31 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)h(starting)g(at)g
12256 (the)f(curren)m(t)g(line)g(and)g(mo)m(ving)h(`up')e(through)h(the)g
12257 (his-)630 3430 y(tory)36 b(as)g(necessary)h(using)e(a)i(non-incremen)m
12258 (tal)g(searc)m(h)f(for)g(a)g(string)g(supplied)f(b)m(y)h(the)630
12259 3540 y(user.)150 3688 y Fs(non-incremental-forward-)o(sear)o(ch-h)o
12260 (ist)o(ory)24 b(\(M-n\))630 3798 y Ft(Searc)m(h)30 b(forw)m(ard)f
12261 (starting)h(at)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f(line)h(and)f(mo)m(ving)h(`do)m(wn')
12262 f(through)g(the)h(the)630 3908 y(history)d(as)f(necessary)i(using)e(a)h
12263 (non-incremen)m(tal)g(searc)m(h)h(for)e(a)h(string)g(supplied)e(b)m(y)i
12264 (the)630 4017 y(user.)150 4166 y Fs(history-search-forward)d(\(\))630
12265 4276 y Ft(Searc)m(h)42 b(forw)m(ard)f(through)f(the)i(history)f(for)g
12266 (the)h(string)f(of)h(c)m(haracters)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)630
12267 4385 y(start)36 b(of)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(line)g(and)g(the)g(p)s(oin)m
12268 (t.)55 b(This)34 b(is)i(a)f(non-incremen)m(tal)h(searc)m(h.)56
12269 b(By)630 4495 y(default,)31 b(this)f(command)g(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150
12270 4643 y Fs(history-search-backward)24 b(\(\))630 4753
12271 y Ft(Searc)m(h)35 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)g(through)f(the)h(history)g(for)g
12272 (the)f(string)h(of)g(c)m(haracters)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(the)630
12273 4863 y(start)g(of)f(the)g(curren)m(t)g(line)g(and)g(the)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)
12274 55 b(This)34 b(is)i(a)f(non-incremen)m(tal)h(searc)m(h.)56
12275 b(By)630 4972 y(default,)31 b(this)f(command)g(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150
12276 5121 y Fs(yank-nth-arg)c(\(M-C-y\))630 5230 y Ft(Insert)37
12277 b(the)g(\014rst)f(argumen)m(t)i(to)f(the)h(previous)e(command)h
12278 (\(usually)g(the)g(second)g(w)m(ord)630 5340 y(on)32
12279 b(the)g(previous)f(line\))i(at)f(p)s(oin)m(t.)46 b(With)32
12280 b(an)g(argumen)m(t)g Fq(n)p Ft(,)g(insert)g(the)g Fq(n)p
12281 Ft(th)f(w)m(ord)g(from)p eop end
12282 %%Page: 108 114
12283 TeXDict begin 108 113 bop 150 -116 a Ft(108)2527 b(Bash)31
12284 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(the)k(previous)f(command)h(\(the)g(w)
12285 m(ords)g(in)f(the)h(previous)g(command)f(b)s(egin)h(with)f(w)m(ord)630
12286 408 y(0\).)69 b(A)40 b(negativ)m(e)h(argumen)m(t)f(inserts)g(the)f
12287 Fq(n)p Ft(th)g(w)m(ord)g(from)g(the)h(end)f(of)h(the)f(previous)630
12288 518 y(command.)48 b(Once)33 b(the)g(argumen)m(t)h Fq(n)e
12289 Ft(is)h(computed,)h(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(is)g(extracted)i(as)e(if)630
12290 628 y(the)e(`)p Fs(!)p Fj(n)11 b Ft(')29 b(history)i(expansion)f(had)g
12291 (b)s(een)f(sp)s(eci\014ed.)150 773 y Fs(yank-last-arg)e(\(M-.)i(or)h
12292 (M-_\))630 883 y Ft(Insert)k(last)i(argumen)m(t)g(to)g(the)f(previous)f
12293 (command)h(\(the)h(last)f(w)m(ord)g(of)g(the)g(previous)630
12294 993 y(history)c(en)m(try\).)41 b(With)31 b(an)g(argumen)m(t,)g(b)s(eha)
12295 m(v)m(e)g(exactly)i(lik)m(e)f Fs(yank-nth-arg)p Ft(.)38
12296 b(Succes-)630 1102 y(siv)m(e)d(calls)h(to)f Fs(yank-last-arg)c
12297 Ft(mo)m(v)m(e)36 b(bac)m(k)g(through)d(the)i(history)g(list,)h
12298 (inserting)f(the)630 1212 y(last)d(argumen)m(t)f(of)g(eac)m(h)h(line)f
12299 (in)f(turn.)41 b(The)30 b(history)h(expansion)f(facilities)j(are)e
12300 (used)f(to)630 1321 y(extract)i(the)e(last)i(argumen)m(t,)f(as)f(if)h
12301 (the)f(`)p Fs(!$)p Ft(')g(history)h(expansion)f(had)g(b)s(een)f(sp)s
12302 (eci\014ed.)150 1525 y Fk(8.4.3)63 b(Commands)42 b(F)-10
12303 b(or)41 b(Changing)g(T)-10 b(ext)150 1762 y Fs(delete-char)27
12304 b(\(C-d\))630 1872 y Ft(Delete)41 b(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(at)e(p)s(oin)m
12305 (t.)66 b(If)39 b(p)s(oin)m(t)f(is)h(at)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)f(of)h(the)
12306 g(line,)j(there)630 1982 y(are)37 b(no)g(c)m(haracters)i(in)d(the)i
12307 (line,)h(and)d(the)h(last)h(c)m(haracter)h(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(w)m(as)g(not)g
12308 (b)s(ound)e(to)630 2091 y Fs(delete-char)p Ft(,)28 b(then)i(return)f
12309 Fl(eof)p Ft(.)150 2237 y Fs(backward-delete-char)c(\(Rubout\))630
12310 2347 y Ft(Delete)32 b(the)f(c)m(haracter)g(b)s(ehind)e(the)h(cursor.)40
12311 b(A)30 b(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m(t)h(means)f(to)h(kill)g(the)630
12312 2456 y(c)m(haracters)h(instead)e(of)h(deleting)g(them.)150
12313 2602 y Fs(forward-backward-delete-)o(char)24 b(\(\))630
12314 2712 y Ft(Delete)40 b(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(under)c(the)j(cursor,)h
12315 (unless)d(the)i(cursor)e(is)h(at)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)630
12316 2821 y(line,)33 b(in)e(whic)m(h)g(case)i(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s
12317 (ehind)d(the)i(cursor)f(is)g(deleted.)46 b(By)32 b(default,)g(this)630
12318 2931 y(is)e(not)h(b)s(ound)d(to)j(a)g(k)m(ey)-8 b(.)150
12319 3077 y Fs(quoted-insert)27 b(\(C-q)i(or)h(C-v\))630 3186
12320 y Ft(Add)j(the)i(next)f(c)m(haracter)i(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(to)h(the)f(line)h
12321 (v)m(erbatim.)53 b(This)33 b(is)i(ho)m(w)f(to)h(insert)f(k)m(ey)630
12322 3296 y(sequences)d(lik)m(e)g Fj(C-q)p Ft(,)f(for)g(example.)150
12323 3442 y Fs(self-insert)d(\(a,)j(b,)g(A,)f(1,)h(!,)g(...)o(\))630
12324 3551 y Ft(Insert)g(y)m(ourself.)150 3697 y Fs(transpose-chars)c
12325 (\(C-t\))630 3807 y Ft(Drag)33 b(the)f(c)m(haracter)h(b)s(efore)f(the)g
12326 (cursor)f(forw)m(ard)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(the)f(c)m(haracter)i(at)e(the)g
12327 (cursor,)630 3916 y(mo)m(ving)k(the)g(cursor)f(forw)m(ard)g(as)g(w)m
12328 (ell.)57 b(If)35 b(the)h(insertion)g(p)s(oin)m(t)f(is)g(at)i(the)e(end)
12329 g(of)h(the)630 4026 y(line,)24 b(then)e(this)g(transp)s(oses)f(the)h
12330 (last)h(t)m(w)m(o)g(c)m(haracters)g(of)f(the)h(line.)38
12331 b(Negativ)m(e)25 b(argumen)m(ts)630 4135 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32
12332 b(no)e(e\013ect.)150 4281 y Fs(transpose-words)c(\(M-t\))630
12333 4391 y Ft(Drag)33 b(the)g(w)m(ord)f(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(past)g
12334 (the)h(w)m(ord)f(after)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)i(mo)m(ving)f(p)s(oin)m(t)f(past)
12335 g(that)630 4500 y(w)m(ord)c(as)h(w)m(ell.)41 b(If)27
12336 b(the)i(insertion)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is)f(at)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f
12337 (line,)i(this)e(transp)s(oses)g(the)630 4610 y(last)j(t)m(w)m(o)h(w)m
12338 (ords)e(on)g(the)h(line.)150 4756 y Fs(upcase-word)c(\(M-u\))630
12339 4865 y Ft(Upp)s(ercase)32 b(the)g(curren)m(t)g(\(or)g(follo)m(wing\))i
12340 (w)m(ord.)45 b(With)32 b(a)g(negativ)m(e)j(argumen)m(t,)e(upp)s(er-)630
12341 4975 y(case)e(the)g(previous)f(w)m(ord,)g(but)g(do)g(not)h(mo)m(v)m(e)h
12342 (the)e(cursor.)150 5121 y Fs(downcase-word)d(\(M-l\))630
12343 5230 y Ft(Lo)m(w)m(ercase)c(the)f(curren)m(t)f(\(or)h(follo)m(wing\))i
12344 (w)m(ord.)37 b(With)22 b(a)g(negativ)m(e)i(argumen)m(t,)g(lo)m(w)m
12345 (ercase)630 5340 y(the)31 b(previous)e(w)m(ord,)i(but)e(do)i(not)f(mo)m
12346 (v)m(e)i(the)f(cursor.)p eop end
12347 %%Page: 109 115
12348 TeXDict begin 109 114 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
12349 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(109)150 299 y Fs(capitalize-word)
12350 26 b(\(M-c\))630 408 y Ft(Capitalize)d(the)f(curren)m(t)f(\(or)g(follo)
12351 m(wing\))i(w)m(ord.)38 b(With)21 b(a)h(negativ)m(e)h(argumen)m(t,)h
12352 (capitalize)630 518 y(the)31 b(previous)e(w)m(ord,)i(but)e(do)i(not)f
12353 (mo)m(v)m(e)i(the)f(cursor.)150 683 y Fs(overwrite-mode)26
12354 b(\(\))630 793 y Ft(T)-8 b(oggle)35 b(o)m(v)m(erwrite)g(mo)s(de.)48
12355 b(With)33 b(an)g(explicit)h(p)s(ositiv)m(e)g(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t,)
12356 h(switc)m(hes)630 903 y(to)22 b(o)m(v)m(erwrite)i(mo)s(de.)37
12357 b(With)22 b(an)g(explicit)h(non-p)s(ositiv)m(e)f(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m
12358 (t,)i(switc)m(hes)e(to)630 1012 y(insert)30 b(mo)s(de.)41
12359 b(This)30 b(command)h(a\013ects)h(only)e Fs(emacs)f Ft(mo)s(de;)i
12360 Fs(vi)f Ft(mo)s(de)g(do)s(es)g(o)m(v)m(erwrite)630 1122
12361 y(di\013eren)m(tly)-8 b(.)42 b(Eac)m(h)31 b(call)h(to)f
12362 Fs(readline\(\))c Ft(starts)k(in)f(insert)g(mo)s(de.)630
12363 1259 y(In)e(o)m(v)m(erwrite)j(mo)s(de,)e(c)m(haracters)i(b)s(ound)c(to)
12364 j Fs(self-insert)c Ft(replace)k(the)g(text)g(at)g(p)s(oin)m(t)630
12365 1369 y(rather)41 b(than)h(pushing)e(the)i(text)g(to)g(the)g(righ)m(t.)
12366 75 b(Characters)42 b(b)s(ound)d(to)j Fs(backward-)630
12367 1478 y(delete-char)27 b Ft(replace)32 b(the)e(c)m(haracter)i(b)s(efore)
12368 e(p)s(oin)m(t)h(with)f(a)g(space.)630 1616 y(By)h(default,)f(this)h
12369 (command)f(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 1852 y Fk(8.4.4)63
12370 b(Killing)42 b(And)e(Y)-10 b(anking)150 2099 y Fs(kill-line)28
12371 b(\(C-k\))630 2208 y Ft(Kill)j(the)f(text)i(from)e(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)h
12372 (the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f(line.)150 2374 y Fs(backward-kill-line)25
12373 b(\(C-x)30 b(Rubout\))630 2483 y Ft(Kill)h(bac)m(kw)m(ard)g(to)g(the)f
12374 (b)s(eginning)g(of)g(the)h(line.)150 2649 y Fs(unix-line-discard)26
12375 b(\(C-u\))630 2758 y Ft(Kill)31 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)g(from)e(the)i(cursor)
12376 f(to)h(the)f(b)s(eginning)g(of)h(the)f(curren)m(t)g(line.)150
12377 2923 y Fs(kill-whole-line)c(\(\))630 3033 y Ft(Kill)37
12378 b(all)g(c)m(haracters)h(on)f(the)f(curren)m(t)h(line,)h(no)f(matter)g
12379 (where)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is.)59 b(By)36 b(default,)630
12380 3143 y(this)30 b(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150 3308 y Fs(kill-word)d(\(M-d\))
12381 630 3418 y Ft(Kill)i(from)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f
12382 (curren)m(t)h(w)m(ord,)f(or)g(if)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(w)m(ords,)f(to)h
12383 (the)g(end)630 3527 y(of)h(the)f(next)h(w)m(ord.)40 b(W)-8
12384 b(ord)31 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)h(the)h(same)g(as)f Fs(forward-word)p
12385 Ft(.)150 3692 y Fs(backward-kill-word)25 b(\(M-)1183
12386 3689 y Fg(h)p 1207 3636 146 4 v 1207 3692 a Ff(DEL)p
12387 1207 3708 V 1348 3689 a Fg(i)1378 3692 y Fs(\))630 3802
12388 y Ft(Kill)k(the)g(w)m(ord)g(b)s(ehind)e(p)s(oin)m(t.)40
12389 b(W)-8 b(ord)29 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)h(the)g(same)g(as)g
12390 Fs(backward-word)p Ft(.)150 3967 y Fs(shell-kill-word)d(\(\))630
12391 4077 y Ft(Kill)k(from)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)h(the)g(end)e(of)i(the)f
12392 (curren)m(t)h(w)m(ord,)f(or)g(if)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)g(w)m(ords,)f(to)h
12393 (the)g(end)630 4187 y(of)h(the)f(next)h(w)m(ord.)40 b(W)-8
12394 b(ord)31 b(b)s(oundaries)e(are)h(the)h(same)g(as)f Fs
12395 (shell-forward-word)p Ft(.)150 4352 y Fs(backward-kill-word)25
12396 b(\(\))630 4461 y Ft(Kill)d(the)h(w)m(ord)e(b)s(ehind)g(p)s(oin)m(t.)38
12397 b(W)-8 b(ord)22 b(b)s(oundaries)f(are)h(the)g(same)h(as)f
12398 Fs(shell-backward-)630 4571 y(word)p Ft(.)150 4736 y
12399 Fs(unix-word-rubout)k(\(C-w\))630 4846 y Ft(Kill)32 b(the)g(w)m(ord)f
12400 (b)s(ehind)f(p)s(oin)m(t,)i(using)f(white)h(space)g(as)g(a)g(w)m(ord)f
12401 (b)s(oundary)-8 b(.)43 b(The)31 b(killed)630 4955 y(text)g(is)g(sa)m(v)
12402 m(ed)g(on)g(the)f(kill-ring.)150 5121 y Fs(unix-filename-rubout)25
12403 b(\(\))630 5230 y Ft(Kill)37 b(the)f(w)m(ord)g(b)s(ehind)f(p)s(oin)m
12404 (t,)j(using)e(white)g(space)h(and)f(the)g(slash)g(c)m(haracter)i(as)f
12405 (the)630 5340 y(w)m(ord)30 b(b)s(oundaries.)39 b(The)30
12406 b(killed)h(text)g(is)g(sa)m(v)m(ed)g(on)g(the)f(kill-ring.)p
12407 eop end
12408 %%Page: 110 116
12409 TeXDict begin 110 115 bop 150 -116 a Ft(110)2527 b(Bash)31
12410 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(delete-horizontal-space)24
12411 b(\(\))630 408 y Ft(Delete)33 b(all)e(spaces)g(and)e(tabs)i(around)e(p)
12412 s(oin)m(t.)41 b(By)31 b(default,)f(this)h(is)f(un)m(b)s(ound.)150
12413 561 y Fs(kill-region)d(\(\))630 670 y Ft(Kill)k(the)f(text)i(in)e(the)g
12414 (curren)m(t)h(region.)41 b(By)31 b(default,)f(this)h(command)f(is)g(un)
12415 m(b)s(ound.)150 822 y Fs(copy-region-as-kill)25 b(\(\))630
12416 932 y Ft(Cop)m(y)34 b(the)g(text)h(in)f(the)g(region)g(to)h(the)f(kill)
12417 h(bu\013er,)f(so)g(it)h(can)f(b)s(e)f(y)m(ank)m(ed)i(righ)m(t)f(a)m(w)m
12418 (a)m(y)-8 b(.)630 1042 y(By)31 b(default,)f(this)h(command)f(is)g(un)m
12419 (b)s(ound.)150 1194 y Fs(copy-backward-word)25 b(\(\))630
12420 1303 y Ft(Cop)m(y)38 b(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(to)i
12421 (the)e(kill)h(bu\013er.)64 b(The)38 b(w)m(ord)g(b)s(oundaries)f(are)i
12422 (the)630 1413 y(same)31 b(as)f Fs(backward-word)p Ft(.)38
12423 b(By)30 b(default,)h(this)f(command)g(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound.)150
12424 1565 y Fs(copy-forward-word)26 b(\(\))630 1675 y Ft(Cop)m(y)31
12425 b(the)g(w)m(ord)g(follo)m(wing)h(p)s(oin)m(t)f(to)h(the)f(kill)h
12426 (bu\013er.)42 b(The)30 b(w)m(ord)h(b)s(oundaries)e(are)j(the)630
12427 1784 y(same)f(as)f Fs(forward-word)p Ft(.)38 b(By)30
12428 b(default,)h(this)g(command)f(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound.)150
12429 1936 y Fs(yank)f(\(C-y\))630 2046 y Ft(Y)-8 b(ank)31
12430 b(the)f(top)h(of)g(the)f(kill)h(ring)f(in)m(to)i(the)e(bu\013er)g(at)h
12431 (p)s(oin)m(t.)150 2198 y Fs(yank-pop)d(\(M-y\))630 2308
12432 y Ft(Rotate)36 b(the)f(kill-ring,)i(and)d(y)m(ank)h(the)f(new)g(top.)54
12433 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35 b(can)g(only)f(do)h(this)f(if)h(the)g(prior)630
12434 2417 y(command)30 b(is)h Fs(yank)e Ft(or)h Fs(yank-pop)p
12435 Ft(.)150 2631 y Fk(8.4.5)63 b(Sp)s(ecifying)42 b(Numeric)f(Argumen)m
12436 (ts)150 2871 y Fs(digit-argument)26 b(\()p Fj(M-0)p Fs(,)j
12437 Fj(M-1)p Fs(,)h(...)f Fj(M--)p Fs(\))630 2981 y Ft(Add)d(this)h(digit)g
12438 (to)h(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(already)h(accum)m(ulating,)h(or)e(start)h(a)f
12439 (new)f(argumen)m(t.)630 3090 y Fj(M--)j Ft(starts)i(a)g(negativ)m(e)i
12440 (argumen)m(t.)150 3242 y Fs(universal-argument)25 b(\(\))630
12441 3352 y Ft(This)g(is)g(another)h(w)m(a)m(y)g(to)h(sp)s(ecify)e(an)g
12442 (argumen)m(t.)40 b(If)25 b(this)g(command)h(is)f(follo)m(w)m(ed)i(b)m
12443 (y)f(one)630 3462 y(or)k(more)f(digits,)i(optionally)g(with)e(a)h
12444 (leading)h(min)m(us)e(sign,)h(those)g(digits)g(de\014ne)f(the)h(ar-)630
12445 3571 y(gumen)m(t.)41 b(If)28 b(the)i(command)f(is)g(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)
12446 m(y)f(digits,)i(executing)f Fs(universal-argument)630
12447 3681 y Ft(again)j(ends)e(the)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t,)i(but)e(is)h
12448 (otherwise)g(ignored.)45 b(As)32 b(a)g(sp)s(ecial)h(case,)630
12449 3790 y(if)g(this)g(command)f(is)h(immediately)h(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(b)m(y)
12450 d(a)h(c)m(haracter)i(that)e(is)g(neither)g(a)g(digit)630
12451 3900 y(or)28 b(min)m(us)f(sign,)i(the)f(argumen)m(t)g(coun)m(t)h(for)e
12452 (the)i(next)f(command)f(is)h(m)m(ultiplied)h(b)m(y)e(four.)630
12453 4010 y(The)37 b(argumen)m(t)h(coun)m(t)f(is)h(initially)h(one,)g(so)f
12454 (executing)g(this)f(function)g(the)h(\014rst)e(time)630
12455 4119 y(mak)m(es)d(the)e(argumen)m(t)i(coun)m(t)f(four,)f(a)i(second)e
12456 (time)i(mak)m(es)f(the)g(argumen)m(t)g(coun)m(t)h(six-)630
12457 4229 y(teen,)e(and)f(so)h(on.)40 b(By)31 b(default,)g(this)f(is)g(not)h
12458 (b)s(ound)d(to)j(a)g(k)m(ey)-8 b(.)150 4442 y Fk(8.4.6)63
12459 b(Letting)40 b(Readline)h(T)m(yp)s(e)g(F)-10 b(or)42
12460 b(Y)-10 b(ou)150 4682 y Fs(complete)28 b(\()610 4679
12461 y Fg(h)p 634 4626 148 4 v 634 4682 a Ff(T)-6 b(AB)p 634
12462 4698 V 778 4679 a Fg(i)808 4682 y Fs(\))630 4792 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)24
12463 b(to)f(p)s(erform)e(completion)j(on)f(the)g(text)g(b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)
12464 m(t.)39 b(The)22 b(actual)i(completion)630 4902 y(p)s(erformed)33
12465 b(is)h(application-sp)s(eci\014c.)53 b(Bash)35 b(attempts)g(completion)
12466 g(treating)h(the)e(text)630 5011 y(as)39 b(a)h(v)-5 b(ariable)39
12467 b(\(if)h(the)f(text)h(b)s(egins)e(with)h(`)p Fs($)p Ft('\),)j(username)
12468 c(\(if)i(the)f(text)h(b)s(egins)e(with)630 5121 y(`)p
12469 Fs(~)p Ft('\),)31 b(hostname)f(\(if)g(the)g(text)h(b)s(egins)e(with)h
12470 (`)p Fs(@)p Ft('\),)h(or)f(command)f(\(including)h(aliases)i(and)630
12471 5230 y(functions\))j(in)f(turn.)53 b(If)34 b(none)g(of)h(these)h(pro)s
12472 (duces)d(a)i(matc)m(h,)i(\014lename)e(completion)h(is)630
12473 5340 y(attempted.)p eop end
12474 %%Page: 111 117
12475 TeXDict begin 111 116 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
12476 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(111)150 299 y Fs
12477 (possible-completions)25 b(\(M-?\))630 408 y Ft(List)31
12478 b(the)f(p)s(ossible)g(completions)i(of)e(the)h(text)g(b)s(efore)f(p)s
12479 (oin)m(t.)150 582 y Fs(insert-completions)25 b(\(M-*\))630
12480 692 y Ft(Insert)30 b(all)h(completions)h(of)f(the)g(text)g(b)s(efore)f
12481 (p)s(oin)m(t)h(that)g(w)m(ould)f(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)e(generated)630
12482 801 y(b)m(y)g Fs(possible-completions)p Ft(.)150 975
12483 y Fs(menu-complete)d(\(\))630 1084 y Ft(Similar)d(to)g
12484 Fs(complete)p Ft(,)f(but)h(replaces)g(the)g(w)m(ord)g(to)g(b)s(e)f
12485 (completed)i(with)e(a)i(single)f(matc)m(h)630 1194 y(from)37
12486 b(the)h(list)h(of)f(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)64 b(Rep)s(eated)39
12487 b(execution)g(of)f Fs(menu-complete)630 1303 y Ft(steps)i(through)g
12488 (the)g(list)h(of)f(p)s(ossible)g(completions,)k(inserting)c(eac)m(h)i
12489 (matc)m(h)f(in)f(turn.)630 1413 y(A)m(t)e(the)f(end)f(of)h(the)g(list)g
12490 (of)g(completions,)i(the)e(b)s(ell)g(is)g(rung)f(\(sub)5
12491 b(ject)36 b(to)i(the)f(setting)630 1523 y(of)f Fs(bell-style)p
12492 Ft(\))e(and)h(the)h(original)i(text)f(is)f(restored.)57
12493 b(An)36 b(argumen)m(t)h(of)f Fq(n)f Ft(mo)m(v)m(es)i
12494 Fq(n)630 1632 y Ft(p)s(ositions)e(forw)m(ard)f(in)g(the)h(list)h(of)e
12495 (matc)m(hes;)39 b(a)c(negativ)m(e)i(argumen)m(t)e(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f
12496 (used)g(to)630 1742 y(mo)m(v)m(e)40 b(bac)m(kw)m(ard)e(through)g(the)g
12497 (list.)65 b(This)38 b(command)g(is)g(in)m(tended)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(b)s
12498 (ound)e(to)630 1848 y Fg(h)p 654 1795 148 4 v 654 1851
12499 a Ff(T)-6 b(AB)p 654 1867 V 798 1848 a Fg(i)828 1851
12500 y Ft(,)30 b(but)g(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound)e(b)m(y)i(default.)150
12501 2025 y Fs(delete-char-or-list)25 b(\(\))630 2134 y Ft(Deletes)k(the)e
12502 (c)m(haracter)h(under)e(the)h(cursor)f(if)h(not)g(at)g(the)g(b)s
12503 (eginning)g(or)f(end)h(of)g(the)g(line)630 2244 y(\(lik)m(e)k
12504 Fs(delete-char)p Ft(\).)37 b(If)29 b(at)h(the)f(end)f(of)i(the)f(line,)
12505 h(b)s(eha)m(v)m(es)g(iden)m(tically)h(to)e Fs(possible-)630
12506 2354 y(completions)p Ft(.)38 b(This)29 b(command)h(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound)d
12507 (b)m(y)i(default.)150 2527 y Fs(complete-filename)c(\(M-/\))630
12508 2637 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)32 b(\014lename)e(completion)i(on)e(the)h(text)g
12509 (b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t.)150 2810 y Fs(possible-filename-comple)o
12510 (tion)o(s)24 b(\(C-x)30 b(/\))630 2920 y Ft(List)f(the)g(p)s(ossible)f
12511 (completions)h(of)g(the)g(text)g(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)g(treating)h
12512 (it)f(as)g(a)f(\014lename.)150 3093 y Fs(complete-username)e(\(M-~\))
12513 630 3203 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)32 b(completion)f(on)g(the)f(text)i(b)s(efore)
12514 e(p)s(oin)m(t,)g(treating)i(it)f(as)f(a)h(username.)150
12515 3377 y Fs(possible-username-comple)o(tion)o(s)24 b(\(C-x)30
12516 b(~\))630 3486 y Ft(List)25 b(the)g(p)s(ossible)g(completions)h(of)f
12517 (the)g(text)h(b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t,)h(treating)g(it)g(as)f(a)g
12518 (username.)150 3660 y Fs(complete-variable)h(\(M-$\))630
12519 3769 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)32 b(completion)f(on)g(the)f(text)i(b)s(efore)e(p)
12520 s(oin)m(t,)g(treating)i(it)f(as)f(a)h(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariable.)150
12521 3943 y Fs(possible-variable-comple)o(tion)o(s)24 b(\(C-x)30
12522 b($\))630 4052 y Ft(List)42 b(the)g(p)s(ossible)g(completions)h(of)f
12523 (the)g(text)h(b)s(efore)e(p)s(oin)m(t,)46 b(treating)d(it)f(as)g(a)h
12524 (shell)630 4162 y(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 4335 y Fs(complete-hostname)26
12525 b(\(M-@\))630 4445 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)32 b(completion)f(on)g(the)f(text)i
12526 (b)s(efore)e(p)s(oin)m(t,)g(treating)i(it)f(as)f(a)h(hostname.)150
12527 4619 y Fs(possible-hostname-comple)o(tion)o(s)24 b(\(C-x)30
12528 b(@\))630 4728 y Ft(List)25 b(the)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions)h(of)g
12529 (the)g(text)g(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t,)h(treating)g(it)f(as)f(a)h
12530 (hostname.)150 4902 y Fs(complete-command)h(\(M-!\))630
12531 5011 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)32 b(completion)g(on)f(the)g(text)h(b)s(efore)e(p)
12532 s(oin)m(t,)h(treating)h(it)g(as)f(a)g(command)g(name.)630
12533 5121 y(Command)46 b(completion)i(attempts)g(to)f(matc)m(h)h(the)f(text)
12534 h(against)g(aliases,)53 b(reserv)m(ed)630 5230 y(w)m(ords,)36
12535 b(shell)g(functions,)h(shell)e(builtins,)i(and)e(\014nally)g
12536 (executable)i(\014lenames,)g(in)e(that)630 5340 y(order.)p
12537 eop end
12538 %%Page: 112 118
12539 TeXDict begin 112 117 bop 150 -116 a Ft(112)2527 b(Bash)31
12540 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(possible-command-complet)o(ions)24
12541 b(\(C-x)29 b(!\))630 408 y Ft(List)d(the)h(p)s(ossible)f(completions)h
12542 (of)f(the)h(text)g(b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t,)h(treating)g(it)g(as)g(a)f
12543 (command)630 518 y(name.)150 688 y Fs(dynamic-complete-history)e(\(M-)
12544 1470 685 y Fg(h)p 1493 632 148 4 v 1493 688 a Ff(T)-6
12545 b(AB)p 1493 703 V 1637 685 a Fg(i)1667 688 y Fs(\))630
12546 798 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)31 b(completion)h(on)e(the)g(text)h(b)s(efore)f(p)s
12547 (oin)m(t,)g(comparing)h(the)f(text)h(against)h(lines)630
12548 907 y(from)e(the)g(history)h(list)g(for)f(p)s(ossible)g(completion)i
12549 (matc)m(hes.)150 1077 y Fs(dabbrev-expand)26 b(\(\))630
12550 1187 y Ft(A)m(ttempt)i(men)m(u)e(completion)i(on)f(the)g(text)g(b)s
12551 (efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t,)i(comparing)f(the)g(text)h(against)630
12552 1297 y(lines)j(from)e(the)i(history)f(list)h(for)g(p)s(ossible)e
12553 (completion)j(matc)m(hes.)150 1467 y Fs(complete-into-braces)25
12554 b(\(M-{\))630 1576 y Ft(P)m(erform)f(\014lename)f(completion)i(and)f
12555 (insert)f(the)h(list)g(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions)i(enclosed)630
12556 1686 y(within)34 b(braces)h(so)f(the)h(list)g(is)g(a)m(v)-5
12557 b(ailable)37 b(to)e(the)g(shell)g(\(see)g(Section)h(3.5.1)g([Brace)g
12558 (Ex-)630 1795 y(pansion],)30 b(page)h(18\).)150 2041
12559 y Fk(8.4.7)63 b(Keyb)s(oard)41 b(Macros)150 2290 y Fs(start-kbd-macro)
12560 26 b(\(C-x)j(\(\))630 2400 y Ft(Begin)i(sa)m(ving)h(the)e(c)m
12561 (haracters)i(t)m(yp)s(ed)e(in)m(to)h(the)g(curren)m(t)f(k)m(eyb)s(oard)
12562 g(macro.)150 2570 y Fs(end-kbd-macro)d(\(C-x)i(\)\))630
12563 2680 y Ft(Stop)e(sa)m(ving)h(the)g(c)m(haracters)g(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(in)m
12564 (to)i(the)e(curren)m(t)g(k)m(eyb)s(oard)g(macro)h(and)f(sa)m(v)m(e)i
12565 (the)630 2789 y(de\014nition.)150 2959 y Fs(call-last-kbd-macro)c
12566 (\(C-x)k(e\))630 3069 y Ft(Re-execute)37 b(the)e(last)h(k)m(eyb)s(oard)
12567 f(macro)h(de\014ned,)f(b)m(y)h(making)f(the)g(c)m(haracters)i(in)e(the)
12568 630 3178 y(macro)c(app)s(ear)f(as)g(if)h(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(at)h(the)f(k)m
12569 (eyb)s(oard.)150 3424 y Fk(8.4.8)63 b(Some)41 b(Miscellaneous)i
12570 (Commands)150 3673 y Fs(re-read-init-file)26 b(\(C-x)j(C-r\))630
12571 3783 y Ft(Read)22 b(in)g(the)g(con)m(ten)m(ts)h(of)f(the)g
12572 Fq(inputrc)27 b Ft(\014le,)d(and)d(incorp)s(orate)h(an)m(y)h(bindings)d
12573 (or)i(v)-5 b(ariable)630 3893 y(assignmen)m(ts)31 b(found)e(there.)150
12574 4063 y Fs(abort)g(\(C-g\))630 4172 y Ft(Ab)s(ort)d(the)h(curren)m(t)f
12575 (editing)h(command)f(and)g(ring)h(the)f(terminal's)h(b)s(ell)g(\(sub)5
12576 b(ject)26 b(to)i(the)630 4282 y(setting)j(of)g Fs(bell-style)p
12577 Ft(\).)150 4452 y Fs(do-uppercase-version)25 b(\(M-a,)k(M-b,)g(M-)p
12578 Fj(x)p Fs(,)g(...)o(\))630 4561 y Ft(If)e(the)h(meta\014ed)g(c)m
12579 (haracter)h Fq(x)34 b Ft(is)28 b(lo)m(w)m(ercase,)i(run)d(the)g
12580 (command)h(that)g(is)g(b)s(ound)d(to)k(the)630 4671 y(corresp)s(onding)
12581 g(upp)s(ercase)h(c)m(haracter.)150 4841 y Fs(prefix-meta)d(\()753
12582 4838 y Fg(h)p 777 4785 139 4 v 777 4841 a Ff(ESC)p 777
12583 4856 V 911 4838 a Fg(i)941 4841 y Fs(\))630 4951 y Ft(Metafy)39
12584 b(the)e(next)h(c)m(haracter)h(t)m(yp)s(ed.)62 b(This)37
12585 b(is)g(for)h(k)m(eyb)s(oards)f(without)g(a)h(meta)g(k)m(ey)-8
12586 b(.)630 5060 y(T)m(yping)30 b(`)968 5057 y Fg(h)p 993
12587 5004 V 993 5060 a Ff(ESC)p 993 5076 V 1127 5057 a Fg(i)1187
12588 5060 y Fs(f)p Ft(')g(is)g(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)32 b(to)f(t)m(yping)g
12589 Fj(M-f)p Ft(.)150 5230 y Fs(undo)e(\(C-_)g(or)h(C-x)g(C-u\))630
12590 5340 y Ft(Incremen)m(tal)h(undo,)f(separately)h(remem)m(b)s(ered)f(for)
12591 g(eac)m(h)i(line.)p eop end
12592 %%Page: 113 119
12593 TeXDict begin 113 118 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
12594 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(113)150 299 y Fs(revert-line)27
12595 b(\(M-r\))630 408 y Ft(Undo)33 b(all)h(c)m(hanges)g(made)f(to)h(this)f
12596 (line.)49 b(This)32 b(is)h(lik)m(e)i(executing)f(the)f
12597 Fs(undo)f Ft(command)630 518 y(enough)e(times)h(to)g(get)h(bac)m(k)f
12598 (to)g(the)f(b)s(eginning.)150 708 y Fs(tilde-expand)d(\(M-&\))630
12599 818 y Ft(P)m(erform)j(tilde)h(expansion)g(on)f(the)g(curren)m(t)h(w)m
12600 (ord.)150 1008 y Fs(set-mark)d(\(C-@\))630 1118 y Ft(Set)33
12601 b(the)g(mark)f(to)i(the)f(p)s(oin)m(t.)48 b(If)32 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)g
12602 (argumen)m(t)g(is)g(supplied,)f(the)h(mark)g(is)f(set)630
12603 1228 y(to)f(that)g(p)s(osition.)150 1418 y Fs(exchange-point-and-mark)
12604 24 b(\(C-x)29 b(C-x\))630 1527 y Ft(Sw)m(ap)i(the)g(p)s(oin)m(t)g(with)
12605 g(the)g(mark.)43 b(The)31 b(curren)m(t)g(cursor)f(p)s(osition)i(is)f
12606 (set)h(to)f(the)h(sa)m(v)m(ed)630 1637 y(p)s(osition,)f(and)e(the)i
12607 (old)g(cursor)e(p)s(osition)i(is)f(sa)m(v)m(ed)i(as)e(the)h(mark.)150
12608 1827 y Fs(character-search)26 b(\(C-]\))630 1937 y Ft(A)f(c)m(haracter)
12609 h(is)f(read)g(and)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is)g(mo)m(v)m(ed)h(to)g(the)f(next)g
12610 (o)s(ccurrence)g(of)g(that)g(c)m(haracter.)630 2047 y(A)30
12611 b(negativ)m(e)j(coun)m(t)e(searc)m(hes)g(for)f(previous)g(o)s
12612 (ccurrences.)150 2237 y Fs(character-search-backwar)o(d)24
12613 b(\(M-C-]\))630 2346 y Ft(A)45 b(c)m(haracter)h(is)f(read)g(and)f(p)s
12614 (oin)m(t)h(is)g(mo)m(v)m(ed)h(to)f(the)g(previous)f(o)s(ccurrence)h(of)
12615 g(that)630 2456 y(c)m(haracter.)d(A)31 b(negativ)m(e)h(coun)m(t)f
12616 (searc)m(hes)h(for)e(subsequen)m(t)f(o)s(ccurrences.)150
12617 2646 y Fs(insert-comment)d(\(M-#\))630 2756 y Ft(Without)36
12618 b(a)g(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m(t,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)36
12619 b(of)g(the)g Fs(comment-begin)c Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)36
12620 b(is)g(in-)630 2866 y(serted)c(at)g(the)g(b)s(eginning)f(of)h(the)f
12621 (curren)m(t)h(line.)45 b(If)31 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)h(is)g
12622 (supplied,)630 2975 y(this)k(command)h(acts)g(as)g(a)g(toggle:)55
12623 b(if)37 b(the)f(c)m(haracters)i(at)g(the)e(b)s(eginning)g(of)h(the)g
12624 (line)630 3085 y(do)30 b(not)h(matc)m(h)h(the)f(v)-5
12625 b(alue)31 b(of)f Fs(comment-begin)p Ft(,)e(the)i(v)-5
12626 b(alue)31 b(is)g(inserted,)g(otherwise)g(the)630 3194
12627 y(c)m(haracters)42 b(in)d Fs(comment-begin)e Ft(are)j(deleted)h(from)f
12628 (the)g(b)s(eginning)g(of)g(the)g(line.)71 b(In)630 3304
12629 y(either)37 b(case,)j(the)e(line)f(is)g(accepted)i(as)e(if)g(a)g
12630 (newline)g(had)g(b)s(een)f(t)m(yp)s(ed.)60 b(The)37 b(default)630
12631 3414 y(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)g Fs(comment-begin)c Ft(causes)k(this)f
12632 (command)h(to)g(mak)m(e)h(the)e(curren)m(t)h(line)g(a)g(shell)630
12633 3523 y(commen)m(t.)40 b(If)26 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)h(causes)g
12634 (the)f(commen)m(t)i(c)m(haracter)g(to)f(b)s(e)f(remo)m(v)m(ed,)630
12635 3633 y(the)31 b(line)f(will)h(b)s(e)f(executed)h(b)m(y)f(the)h(shell.)
12636 150 3823 y Fs(dump-functions)26 b(\(\))630 3933 y Ft(Prin)m(t)g(all)i
12637 (of)e(the)h(functions)f(and)g(their)g(k)m(ey)h(bindings)e(to)j(the)e
12638 (Readline)h(output)f(stream.)630 4042 y(If)31 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)g
12639 (argumen)m(t)g(is)g(supplied,)f(the)h(output)f(is)h(formatted)g(in)f
12640 (suc)m(h)h(a)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(that)630 4152 y(it)f(can)g(b)s(e)e(made)i
12641 (part)f(of)g(an)h Fq(inputrc)k Ft(\014le.)41 b(This)29
12642 b(command)h(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound)c(b)m(y)k(default.)150
12643 4342 y Fs(dump-variables)26 b(\(\))630 4452 y Ft(Prin)m(t)21
12644 b(all)h(of)g(the)f(settable)i(v)-5 b(ariables)22 b(and)f(their)g(v)-5
12645 b(alues)22 b(to)g(the)f(Readline)h(output)f(stream.)630
12646 4561 y(If)31 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m(t)g(is)g(supplied,)f(the)h
12647 (output)f(is)h(formatted)g(in)f(suc)m(h)h(a)g(w)m(a)m(y)g(that)630
12648 4671 y(it)f(can)g(b)s(e)e(made)i(part)f(of)g(an)h Fq(inputrc)k
12649 Ft(\014le.)41 b(This)29 b(command)h(is)h(un)m(b)s(ound)c(b)m(y)k
12650 (default.)150 4861 y Fs(dump-macros)c(\(\))630 4971 y
12651 Ft(Prin)m(t)34 b(all)g(of)g(the)g(Readline)g(k)m(ey)h(sequences)f(b)s
12652 (ound)e(to)i(macros)g(and)f(the)h(strings)g(they)630
12653 5080 y(output.)53 b(If)35 b(a)g(n)m(umeric)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)e
12654 (supplied,)h(the)g(output)g(is)f(formatted)i(in)e(suc)m(h)h(a)630
12655 5190 y(w)m(a)m(y)c(that)g(it)f(can)g(b)s(e)g(made)g(part)f(of)i(an)e
12656 Fq(inputrc)35 b Ft(\014le.)41 b(This)29 b(command)h(is)g(un)m(b)s(ound)
12657 d(b)m(y)630 5300 y(default.)p eop end
12658 %%Page: 114 120
12659 TeXDict begin 114 119 bop 150 -116 a Ft(114)2527 b(Bash)31
12660 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(glob-complete-word)25
12661 b(\(M-g\))630 408 y Ft(The)i(w)m(ord)h(b)s(efore)f(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is)g
12662 (treated)h(as)f(a)h(pattern)f(for)f(pathname)h(expansion,)g(with)g(an)
12663 630 518 y(asterisk)d(implicitly)h(app)s(ended.)37 b(This)23
12664 b(pattern)i(is)f(used)g(to)h(generate)h(a)e(list)h(of)g(matc)m(hing)630
12665 628 y(\014le)30 b(names)h(for)f(p)s(ossible)g(completions.)150
12666 782 y Fs(glob-expand-word)c(\(C-x)j(*\))630 892 y Ft(The)40
12667 b(w)m(ord)g(b)s(efore)g(p)s(oin)m(t)h(is)g(treated)g(as)g(a)g(pattern)g
12668 (for)f(pathname)g(expansion,)k(and)630 1001 y(the)c(list)g(of)f(matc)m
12669 (hing)i(\014le)e(names)g(is)h(inserted,)h(replacing)g(the)e(w)m(ord.)67
12670 b(If)39 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)630 1111 y(argumen)m(t)31 b(is)f(supplied,)g
12671 (a)g(`)p Fs(*)p Ft(')h(is)f(app)s(ended)f(b)s(efore)h(pathname)g
12672 (expansion.)150 1266 y Fs(glob-list-expansions)25 b(\(C-x)k(g\))630
12673 1375 y Ft(The)k(list)h(of)f(expansions)g(that)h(w)m(ould)f(ha)m(v)m(e)h
12674 (b)s(een)f(generated)h(b)m(y)f Fs(glob-expand-word)630
12675 1485 y Ft(is)h(displa)m(y)m(ed,)h(and)e(the)h(line)g(is)f(redra)m(wn.)
12676 50 b(If)33 b(a)h(n)m(umeric)g(argumen)m(t)g(is)f(supplied,)h(a)g(`)p
12677 Fs(*)p Ft(')630 1594 y(is)c(app)s(ended)f(b)s(efore)h(pathname)g
12678 (expansion.)150 1749 y Fs(display-shell-version)25 b(\(C-x)k(C-v\))630
12679 1858 y Ft(Displa)m(y)j(v)m(ersion)e(information)h(ab)s(out)f(the)h
12680 (curren)m(t)f(instance)h(of)f(Bash.)150 2013 y Fs(shell-expand-line)c
12681 (\(M-C-e\))630 2123 y Ft(Expand)34 b(the)h(line)h(as)g(the)f(shell)h
12682 (do)s(es.)55 b(This)34 b(p)s(erforms)g(alias)i(and)f(history)g
12683 (expansion)630 2232 y(as)f(w)m(ell)g(as)g(all)h(of)e(the)h(shell)g(w)m
12684 (ord)f(expansions)g(\(see)i(Section)f(3.5)h([Shell)e(Expansions],)630
12685 2342 y(page)e(17\).)150 2496 y Fs(history-expand-line)25
12686 b(\(M-^\))630 2606 y Ft(P)m(erform)30 b(history)h(expansion)f(on)g(the)
12687 h(curren)m(t)f(line.)150 2760 y Fs(magic-space)d(\(\))630
12688 2870 y Ft(P)m(erform)c(history)g(expansion)g(on)g(the)g(curren)m(t)g
12689 (line)g(and)g(insert)g(a)g(space)h(\(see)g(Section)g(9.3)630
12690 2980 y([History)31 b(In)m(teraction],)i(page)e(123\).)150
12691 3134 y Fs(alias-expand-line)26 b(\(\))630 3244 y Ft(P)m(erform)i(alias)
12692 i(expansion)e(on)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line)h(\(see)g(Section)g(6.6)h
12693 ([Aliases],)g(page)f(79\).)150 3398 y Fs(history-and-alias-expand)o
12694 (-lin)o(e)24 b(\(\))630 3508 y Ft(P)m(erform)30 b(history)h(and)e
12695 (alias)j(expansion)e(on)g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(line.)150
12696 3662 y Fs(insert-last-argument)25 b(\(M-.)k(or)h(M-_\))630
12697 3772 y Ft(A)g(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Fs(yank-last-arg)p Ft(.)150
12698 3927 y Fs(operate-and-get-next)25 b(\(C-o\))630 4036
12699 y Ft(Accept)42 b(the)e(curren)m(t)h(line)f(for)h(execution)g(and)f
12700 (fetc)m(h)i(the)e(next)h(line)g(relativ)m(e)i(to)e(the)630
12701 4146 y(curren)m(t)30 b(line)h(from)f(the)g(history)h(for)f(editing.)41
12702 b(An)m(y)31 b(argumen)m(t)f(is)h(ignored.)150 4300 y
12703 Fs(edit-and-execute-command)24 b(\(C-xC-e\))630 4410
12704 y Ft(In)m(v)m(ok)m(e)34 b(an)f(editor)g(on)g(the)g(curren)m(t)f
12705 (command)h(line,)h(and)e(execute)i(the)f(result)g(as)g(shell)630
12706 4519 y(commands.)81 b(Bash)44 b(attempts)h(to)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(e)h
12707 Fs($VISUAL)p Ft(,)f Fs($EDITOR)p Ft(,)h(and)d Fs(emacs)g
12708 Ft(as)h(the)630 4629 y(editor,)31 b(in)f(that)h(order.)150
12709 4879 y Fr(8.5)68 b(Readline)47 b(vi)e(Mo)t(de)275 5121
12710 y Ft(While)24 b(the)g(Readline)g(library)f(do)s(es)h(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g
12711 (a)h(full)e(set)h(of)g Fs(vi)f Ft(editing)h(functions,)h(it)f(do)s(es)g
12712 (con)m(tain)150 5230 y(enough)34 b(to)h(allo)m(w)g(simple)f(editing)h
12713 (of)f(the)g(line.)52 b(The)34 b(Readline)g Fs(vi)g Ft(mo)s(de)f(b)s
12714 (eha)m(v)m(es)i(as)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(in)150 5340 y(the)e
12715 Fl(posix)e Ft(1003.2)k(standard.)p eop end
12716 %%Page: 115 121
12717 TeXDict begin 115 120 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
12718 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(115)275 299 y(In)35
12719 b(order)g(to)i(switc)m(h)f(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)j(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)d
12720 Fs(emacs)f Ft(and)g Fs(vi)g Ft(editing)h(mo)s(des,)h(use)f(the)g(`)p
12721 Fs(set)30 b(-o)150 408 y(emacs)p Ft(')43 b(and)h(`)p
12722 Fs(set)30 b(-o)f(vi)p Ft(')44 b(commands)g(\(see)i(Section)f(4.3.1)h
12723 ([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)j(page)e(51\).)83 b(The)150 518
12724 y(Readline)31 b(default)g(is)f Fs(emacs)f Ft(mo)s(de.)275
12725 651 y(When)g(y)m(ou)i(en)m(ter)f(a)h(line)f(in)g Fs(vi)f
12726 Ft(mo)s(de,)h(y)m(ou)h(are)f(already)h(placed)f(in)g(`insertion')g(mo)s
12727 (de,)g(as)h(if)f(y)m(ou)150 760 y(had)c(t)m(yp)s(ed)g(an)g(`)p
12728 Fs(i)p Ft('.)39 b(Pressing)1215 757 y Fg(h)p 1239 704
12729 139 4 v 1239 760 a Ff(ESC)p 1239 776 V 1373 757 a Fg(i)1429
12730 760 y Ft(switc)m(hes)27 b(y)m(ou)g(in)m(to)g(`command')f(mo)s(de,)h
12731 (where)f(y)m(ou)h(can)f(edit)h(the)150 870 y(text)35
12732 b(of)f(the)g(line)g(with)f(the)h(standard)f Fs(vi)g Ft(mo)m(v)m(emen)m
12733 (t)j(k)m(eys,)g(mo)m(v)m(e)f(to)f(previous)g(history)f(lines)h(with)150
12734 980 y(`)p Fs(k)p Ft(')d(and)e(subsequen)m(t)h(lines)h(with)f(`)p
12735 Fs(j)p Ft(',)g(and)g(so)h(forth.)150 1232 y Fr(8.6)68
12736 b(Programmable)47 b(Completion)275 1474 y Ft(When)25
12737 b(w)m(ord)g(completion)i(is)f(attempted)g(for)g(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(to)h
12738 (a)f(command)f(for)h(whic)m(h)f(a)h(comple-)150 1584
12739 y(tion)f(sp)s(eci\014cation)g(\(a)h Fq(compsp)s(ec)6
12740 b Ft(\))24 b(has)g(b)s(een)g(de\014ned)g(using)g(the)g
12741 Fs(complete)f Ft(builtin)h(\(see)h(Section)h(8.7)150
12742 1694 y([Programmable)e(Completion)g(Builtins],)h(page)f(116\),)j(the)c
12743 (programmable)h(completion)g(facilities)i(are)150 1803
12744 y(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)275 1936 y(First,)d(the)e(command)g(name)g(is)h
12745 (iden)m(ti\014ed.)37 b(If)21 b(a)g(compsp)s(ec)g(has)g(b)s(een)f
12746 (de\014ned)g(for)h(that)h(command,)150 2046 y(the)44
12747 b(compsp)s(ec)g(is)g(used)f(to)h(generate)i(the)e(list)g(of)g(p)s
12748 (ossible)g(completions)h(for)e(the)h(w)m(ord.)81 b(If)44
12749 b(the)150 2155 y(command)33 b(w)m(ord)f(is)h(a)g(full)g(pathname,)h(a)f
12750 (compsp)s(ec)f(for)h(the)g(full)g(pathname)f(is)h(searc)m(hed)h(for)e
12751 (\014rst.)150 2265 y(If)f(no)h(compsp)s(ec)f(is)h(found)e(for)h(the)h
12752 (full)g(pathname,)g(an)f(attempt)i(is)f(made)f(to)i(\014nd)d(a)i
12753 (compsp)s(ec)f(for)150 2374 y(the)g(p)s(ortion)f(follo)m(wing)h(the)g
12754 (\014nal)f(slash.)275 2507 y(Once)k(a)g(compsp)s(ec)g(has)g(b)s(een)f
12755 (found,)h(it)h(is)f(used)f(to)i(generate)h(the)e(list)h(of)f(matc)m
12756 (hing)h(w)m(ords.)51 b(If)150 2617 y(a)37 b(compsp)s(ec)f(is)g(not)h
12757 (found,)f(the)h(default)f(Bash)h(completion)g(describ)s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m
12758 (v)m(e)j(\(see)f(Section)g(8.4.6)150 2726 y([Commands)30
12759 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(Completion],)g(page)g(110\))h(is)f(p)s(erformed.)275
12760 2859 y(First,)g(the)g(actions)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)h(the)f(compsp)s
12761 (ec)h(are)g(used.)40 b(Only)30 b(matc)m(hes)i(whic)m(h)e(are)h
12762 (pre\014xed)150 2969 y(b)m(y)25 b(the)h(w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)f(completed)
12763 j(are)e(returned.)38 b(When)25 b(the)h(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft(')f(or)g(`)p
12764 Fs(-d)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)f(used)g(for)g(\014lename)150
12765 3078 y(or)30 b(directory)h(name)f(completion,)i(the)e(shell)h(v)-5
12766 b(ariable)31 b Fs(FIGNORE)d Ft(is)i(used)f(to)i(\014lter)g(the)f(matc)m
12767 (hes.)42 b(See)150 3188 y(Section)31 b(5.2)h([Bash)e(V)-8
12768 b(ariables],)33 b(page)e(61,)g(for)f(a)h(description)g(of)f
12769 Fs(FIGNORE)p Ft(.)275 3321 y(An)m(y)f(completions)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)
12770 m(y)g(a)h(\014lename)f(expansion)h(pattern)f(to)h(the)g(`)p
12771 Fs(-G)p Ft(')f(option)h(are)f(gener-)150 3430 y(ated)h(next.)40
12772 b(The)29 b(w)m(ords)g(generated)h(b)m(y)f(the)h(pattern)f(need)g(not)g
12773 (matc)m(h)i(the)e(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)g(completed.)150
12774 3540 y(The)42 b Fs(GLOBIGNORE)d Ft(shell)k(v)-5 b(ariable)43
12775 b(is)f(not)h(used)e(to)i(\014lter)f(the)h(matc)m(hes,)j(but)c(the)g
12776 Fs(FIGNORE)f Ft(shell)150 3650 y(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(is)g(used.)275
12777 3782 y(Next,)k(the)g(string)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)h(as)g(the)g(argumen)m(t)g
12778 (to)h(the)f(`)p Fs(-W)p Ft(')g(option)g(is)g(considered.)52
12779 b(The)33 b(string)150 3892 y(is)g(\014rst)e(split)i(using)f(the)h(c)m
12780 (haracters)h(in)e(the)h Fs(IFS)e Ft(sp)s(ecial)j(v)-5
12781 b(ariable)33 b(as)g(delimiters.)48 b(Shell)32 b(quoting)h(is)150
12782 4002 y(honored.)56 b(Eac)m(h)37 b(w)m(ord)e(is)h(then)f(expanded)g
12783 (using)h(brace)g(expansion,)h(tilde)f(expansion,)h(parameter)150
12784 4111 y(and)44 b(v)-5 b(ariable)46 b(expansion,)j(command)44
12785 b(substitution,)49 b(and)44 b(arithmetic)i(expansion,)j(as)c(describ)s
12786 (ed)150 4221 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)38 b(\(see)f(Section)h(3.5)g([Shell)e
12787 (Expansions],)i(page)f(17\).)61 b(The)36 b(results)h(are)g(split)f
12788 (using)h(the)f(rules)150 4330 y(describ)s(ed)29 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)i
12789 (\(see)f(Section)h(3.5.7)h([W)-8 b(ord)30 b(Splitting],)h(page)f(24\).)
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12791 y(are)f(pre\014x-matc)m(hed)h(against)g(the)f(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)f
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12793 4550 y(p)s(ossible)g(completions.)275 4682 y(After)f(these)g(matc)m
12794 (hes)i(ha)m(v)m(e)f(b)s(een)f(generated,)h(an)m(y)g(shell)f(function)g
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12796 Fs(-F)p Ft(')g(and)f(`)p Fs(-C)p Ft(')h(options)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m
12797 (ed.)41 b(When)30 b(the)g(command)g(or)f(function)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m
12798 (ed,)h(the)f Fs(COMP_)150 4902 y(LINE)p Ft(,)42 b Fs(COMP_POINT)p
12799 Ft(,)d Fs(COMP_KEY)p Ft(,)i(and)e Fs(COMP_TYPE)f Ft(v)-5
12800 b(ariables)41 b(are)f(assigned)g(v)-5 b(alues)41 b(as)f(describ)s(ed)
12801 150 5011 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)k(\(see)g(Section)f(5.2)h([Bash)f(V)-8
12802 b(ariables],)48 b(page)c(61\).)79 b(If)42 b(a)i(shell)f(function)f(is)h
12803 (b)s(eing)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)150 5121 y(the)37 b Fs(COMP_WORDS)d
12804 Ft(and)i Fs(COMP_CWORD)e Ft(v)-5 b(ariables)38 b(are)f(also)h(set.)60
12805 b(When)37 b(the)g(function)f(or)h(command)150 5230 y(is)42
12806 b(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed,)k(the)41 b(\014rst)g(argumen)m(t)h(is)g(the)g(name)
12807 f(of)h(the)g(command)f(whose)h(argumen)m(ts)f(are)h(b)s(eing)150
12808 5340 y(completed,)d(the)d(second)g(argumen)m(t)h(is)f(the)g(w)m(ord)g
12809 (b)s(eing)g(completed,)i(and)e(the)g(third)f(argumen)m(t)i(is)p
12810 eop end
12811 %%Page: 116 122
12812 TeXDict begin 116 121 bop 150 -116 a Ft(116)2527 b(Bash)31
12813 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y(the)d(w)m(ord)g(preceding)h(the)f(w)m
12814 (ord)g(b)s(eing)g(completed)h(on)f(the)h(curren)m(t)f(command)g(line.)
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12818 g(generating)i(the)f(matc)m(hes.)275 660 y(An)m(y)g(function)h(sp)s
12819 (eci\014ed)f(with)g(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h
12820 (\014rst.)44 b(The)31 b(function)h(ma)m(y)g(use)g(an)m(y)g(of)g(the)g
12821 (shell)150 770 y(facilities,)50 b(including)44 b(the)h
12822 Fs(compgen)d Ft(and)i Fs(compopt)e Ft(builtins)i(describ)s(ed)f(b)s
12823 (elo)m(w)h(\(see)i(Section)f(8.7)150 879 y([Programmable)31
12824 b(Completion)h(Builtins],)f(page)h(116\),)g(to)g(generate)g(the)f(matc)
12825 m(hes.)42 b(It)31 b(m)m(ust)g(put)f(the)150 989 y(p)s(ossible)g
12826 (completions)h(in)f(the)h Fs(COMPREPLY)d Ft(arra)m(y)j(v)-5
12827 b(ariable.)275 1131 y(Next,)23 b(an)m(y)e(command)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g
12828 (with)g(the)h(`)p Fs(-C)p Ft(')f(option)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(in)e
12829 (an)g(en)m(vironmen)m(t)h(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)150 1240
12830 y(to)26 b(command)e(substitution.)39 b(It)25 b(should)f(prin)m(t)h(a)g
12831 (list)h(of)f(completions,)i(one)e(p)s(er)f(line,)j(to)f(the)f(standard)
12832 150 1350 y(output.)40 b(Bac)m(kslash)32 b(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(used)g(to)h
12833 (escap)s(e)g(a)f(newline,)h(if)f(necessary)-8 b(.)275
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12835 (generated,)k(an)m(y)c(\014lter)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(with)h(the)g(`)p
12836 Fs(-X)p Ft(')150 1602 y(option)34 b(is)f(applied)g(to)h(the)f(list.)49
12837 b(The)33 b(\014lter)g(is)g(a)h(pattern)f(as)g(used)g(for)g(pathname)g
12838 (expansion;)h(a)g(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(')150 1711 y(in)39 b(the)g(pattern)g
12839 (is)g(replaced)g(with)g(the)g(text)h(of)f(the)g(w)m(ord)g(b)s(eing)f
12840 (completed.)68 b(A)39 b(literal)h(`)p Fs(&)p Ft(')f(ma)m(y)150
12841 1821 y(b)s(e)e(escap)s(ed)h(with)g(a)h(bac)m(kslash;)k(the)38
12842 b(bac)m(kslash)h(is)f(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(b)s(efore)e(attempting)j(a)e
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12844 (the)f(pattern)g(will)g(b)s(e)g(remo)m(v)m(ed)h(from)e(the)h(list.)53
12845 b(A)34 b(leading)g(`)p Fs(!)p Ft(')h(negates)150 2040
12846 y(the)c(pattern;)f(in)g(this)h(case)g(an)m(y)g(completion)g(not)g(matc)
12847 m(hing)h(the)e(pattern)h(will)f(b)s(e)g(remo)m(v)m(ed.)275
12848 2182 y(Finally)-8 b(,)33 b(an)m(y)f(pre\014x)f(and)g(su\016x)g(sp)s
12849 (eci\014ed)g(with)h(the)g(`)p Fs(-P)p Ft(')f(and)g(`)p
12850 Fs(-S)p Ft(')h(options)g(are)g(added)f(to)i(eac)m(h)150
12851 2292 y(mem)m(b)s(er)e(of)g(the)h(completion)h(list,)f(and)f(the)h
12852 (result)f(is)h(returned)e(to)i(the)g(Readline)g(completion)h(co)s(de)
12853 150 2401 y(as)e(the)f(list)h(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)275
12854 2543 y(If)22 b(the)i(previously-applied)f(actions)i(do)e(not)h
12855 (generate)h(an)m(y)f(matc)m(hes,)i(and)d(the)g(`)p Fs(-o)30
12856 b(dirnames)p Ft(')22 b(op-)150 2653 y(tion)29 b(w)m(as)f(supplied)f(to)
12857 i Fs(complete)d Ft(when)h(the)h(compsp)s(ec)g(w)m(as)g(de\014ned,)g
12858 (directory)g(name)h(completion)150 2762 y(is)h(attempted.)275
12859 2904 y(If)g(the)i(`)p Fs(-o)e(plusdirs)p Ft(')f(option)j(w)m(as)f
12860 (supplied)f(to)i Fs(complete)e Ft(when)g(the)h(compsp)s(ec)g(w)m(as)h
12861 (de\014ned,)150 3014 y(directory)k(name)f(completion)i(is)e(attempted)h
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12863 (the)150 3123 y(other)31 b(actions.)275 3265 y(By)g(default,)i(if)e(a)h
12864 (compsp)s(ec)f(is)h(found,)f(whatev)m(er)h(it)g(generates)h(is)e
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12866 b(as)g(the)g(full)g(set)g(of)g(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)39
12867 b(The)20 b(default)h(Bash)g(completions)h(are)g(not)f(attempted,)150
12868 3485 y(and)k(the)h(Readline)g(default)g(of)g(\014lename)g(completion)h
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12871 Fs(complete)c Ft(when)i(the)g(compsp)s(ec)h(w)m(as)g(de\014ned,)g(the)f
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12876 (de\014ned,)e(Readline's)i(default)f(completion)h(will)f(b)s(e)f(p)s
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12880 (name)f(completion)h(is)f(desired,)i(the)e(programmable)150
12881 4175 y(completion)31 b(functions)e(force)i(Readline)f(to)h(app)s(end)d
12882 (a)i(slash)g(to)g(completed)h(names)e(whic)m(h)h(are)g(sym-)150
12883 4284 y(b)s(olic)40 b(links)g(to)h(directories,)j(sub)5
12884 b(ject)40 b(to)h(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)41 b(of)f(the)g Fq(mark-directories)
12885 45 b Ft(Readline)c(v)-5 b(ariable,)150 4394 y(regardless)31
12886 b(of)f(the)h(setting)g(of)g(the)f Fq(mark-symlink)m(ed-directories)36
12887 b Ft(Readline)31 b(v)-5 b(ariable.)150 4670 y Fr(8.7)68
12888 b(Programmable)47 b(Completion)f(Builtins)275 4921 y
12889 Ft(Tw)m(o)30 b(builtin)g(commands)g(are)h(a)m(v)-5 b(ailable)32
12890 b(to)f(manipulate)g(the)g(programmable)f(completion)i(facil-)150
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12892 b([)p Fj(option)11 b Fs(])45 b([)p Fj(word)11 b Fs(])p
12893 eop end
12894 %%Page: 117 123
12895 TeXDict begin 117 122 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
12896 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(117)630 299 y(Generate)27
12897 b(p)s(ossible)e(completion)i(matc)m(hes)g(for)e Fq(w)m(ord)k
12898 Ft(according)e(to)f(the)g Fq(option)p Ft(s,)h(whic)m(h)630
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12903 b(using)f(the)h(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft(')630 628 y(or)28 b(`)p
12904 Fs(-C)p Ft(')g(options,)h(the)f(v)-5 b(arious)29 b(shell)f(v)-5
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12922 2114 y([-P)47 b Fj(prefix)11 b Fs(])45 b([-S)i Fj(suffix)11
12923 b Fs(])45 b Fj(name)58 b Fs([)p Fj(name)f Fs(...)o(])870
12924 2224 y(complete)46 b(-pr)g([-E])h([)p Fj(name)57 b Fs(...)o(])630
12925 2367 y Ft(Sp)s(ecify)33 b(ho)m(w)h(argumen)m(ts)h(to)f(eac)m(h)i
12926 Fq(name)j Ft(should)33 b(b)s(e)g(completed.)53 b(If)33
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12930 (that)g(allo)m(ws)g(them)f(to)h(b)s(e)f(reused)f(as)i(input.)36
12931 b(The)21 b(`)p Fs(-r)p Ft(')g(option)h(remo)m(v)m(es)630
12932 2696 y(a)46 b(completion)g(sp)s(eci\014cation)g(for)f(eac)m(h)h
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12936 (that)g(the)f(remaining)h(options)630 2915 y(and)e(actions)i(should)d
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12938 (completion)630 3025 y(attempted)j(on)g(a)f(blank)g(line.)630
12939 3169 y(The)f(pro)s(cess)g(of)h(applying)g(these)g(completion)g(sp)s
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12941 y(is)35 b(attempted)h(is)f(describ)s(ed)f(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)j(\(see)f
12942 (Section)g(8.6)g([Programmable)g(Completion],)630 3388
12943 y(page)31 b(115\).)630 3532 y(Other)41 b(options,)46
12944 b(if)41 b(sp)s(eci\014ed,)j(ha)m(v)m(e)f(the)f(follo)m(wing)i
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12951 3861 y(is)h(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed.)630 4039 y Fs(-o)g Fj(comp-option)1110
12952 4148 y Ft(The)c Fq(comp-option)i Ft(con)m(trols)g(sev)m(eral)h(asp)s
12953 (ects)e(of)g(the)g(compsp)s(ec's)g(b)s(eha)m(v-)1110
12954 4258 y(ior)g(b)s(ey)m(ond)f(the)g(simple)h(generation)h(of)e
12955 (completions.)41 b Fq(comp-option)27 b Ft(ma)m(y)1110
12956 4367 y(b)s(e)j(one)g(of:)1110 4545 y Fs(bashdefault)1590
12957 4655 y Ft(P)m(erform)d(the)h(rest)f(of)h(the)g(default)f(Bash)h
12958 (completions)g(if)g(the)1590 4765 y(compsp)s(ec)i(generates)i(no)e
12959 (matc)m(hes.)1110 4943 y Fs(default)144 b Ft(Use)22 b(Readline's)g
12960 (default)g(\014lename)g(completion)g(if)g(the)g(comp-)1590
12961 5052 y(sp)s(ec)30 b(generates)i(no)e(matc)m(hes.)1110
12962 5230 y Fs(dirnames)96 b Ft(P)m(erform)46 b(directory)g(name)h
12963 (completion)g(if)f(the)g(compsp)s(ec)1590 5340 y(generates)32
12964 b(no)e(matc)m(hes.)p eop end
12965 %%Page: 118 124
12966 TeXDict begin 118 123 bop 150 -116 a Ft(118)2527 b(Bash)31
12967 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)1110 299 y Fs(filenames)1590
12968 408 y Ft(T)-8 b(ell)40 b(Readline)f(that)h(the)f(compsp)s(ec)f
12969 (generates)j(\014lenames,)1590 518 y(so)29 b(it)h(can)f(p)s(erform)f
12970 (an)m(y)h(\014lename-sp)s(eci\014c)h(pro)s(cessing)e(\(lik)m(e)1590
12971 628 y(adding)d(a)h(slash)f(to)h(directory)g(names)f(quoting)h(sp)s
12972 (ecial)g(c)m(har-)1590 737 y(acters,)39 b(or)d(suppressing)f(trailing)i
12973 (spaces\).)59 b(This)35 b(option)i(is)1590 847 y(in)m(tended)30
12974 b(to)g(b)s(e)g(used)f(with)g(shell)i(functions)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(with)
12975 1590 956 y(`)p Fs(-F)p Ft('.)1110 1115 y Fs(nospace)144
12976 b Ft(T)-8 b(ell)40 b(Readline)g(not)g(to)g(app)s(end)d(a)j(space)g
12977 (\(the)f(default\))h(to)1590 1224 y(w)m(ords)30 b(completed)h(at)g(the)
12978 g(end)f(of)g(the)h(line.)1110 1383 y Fs(plusdirs)96 b
12979 Ft(After)30 b(an)m(y)h(matc)m(hes)g(de\014ned)d(b)m(y)i(the)g(compsp)s
12980 (ec)g(are)g(gener-)1590 1492 y(ated,)g(directory)f(name)g(completion)i
12981 (is)d(attempted)i(and)f(an)m(y)1590 1602 y(matc)m(hes)j(are)e(added)g
12982 (to)h(the)g(results)f(of)g(the)h(other)g(actions.)630
12983 1760 y Fs(-A)f Fj(action)1110 1870 y Ft(The)25 b Fq(action)h
12984 Ft(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)e(one)h(of)h(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(to)e(generate)i(a)e
12985 (list)h(of)f(p)s(ossible)1110 1979 y(completions:)1110
12986 2138 y Fs(alias)240 b Ft(Alias)31 b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)31
12987 b(also)h(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i(`)p Fs(-a)p Ft('.)1110
12988 2296 y Fs(arrayvar)96 b Ft(Arra)m(y)31 b(v)-5 b(ariable)31
12989 b(names.)1110 2454 y Fs(binding)144 b Ft(Readline)30
12990 b(k)m(ey)f(binding)f(names)h(\(see)h(Section)f(8.4)h([Bindable)1590
12991 2564 y(Readline)h(Commands],)f(page)h(106\).)1110 2722
12992 y Fs(builtin)144 b Ft(Names)21 b(of)g(shell)f(builtin)h(commands.)37
12993 b(Ma)m(y)21 b(also)h(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)1590 2832
12994 y(as)31 b(`)p Fs(-b)p Ft('.)1110 2990 y Fs(command)144
12995 b Ft(Command)29 b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s
12996 (eci\014ed)f(as)i(`)p Fs(-c)p Ft('.)1110 3148 y Fs(directory)1590
12997 3258 y Ft(Directory)h(names.)40 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s
12998 (eci\014ed)g(as)g(`)p Fs(-d)p Ft('.)1110 3416 y Fs(disabled)96
12999 b Ft(Names)31 b(of)g(disabled)f(shell)g(builtins.)1110
13000 3574 y Fs(enabled)144 b Ft(Names)31 b(of)g(enabled)f(shell)g(builtins.)
13001 1110 3733 y Fs(export)192 b Ft(Names)34 b(of)f(exp)s(orted)f(shell)h(v)
13002 -5 b(ariables.)49 b(Ma)m(y)35 b(also)e(b)s(e)g(sp)s(eci-)1590
13003 3842 y(\014ed)d(as)g(`)p Fs(-e)p Ft('.)1110 4001 y Fs(file)288
13004 b Ft(File)32 b(names.)40 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f
13005 (as)i(`)p Fs(-f)p Ft('.)1110 4159 y Fs(function)96 b
13006 Ft(Names)31 b(of)g(shell)f(functions.)1110 4317 y Fs(group)240
13007 b Ft(Group)30 b(names.)40 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g
13008 (as)g(`)p Fs(-g)p Ft('.)1110 4475 y Fs(helptopic)1590
13009 4585 y Ft(Help)37 b(topics)g(as)g(accepted)h(b)m(y)e(the)h
13010 Fs(help)f Ft(builtin)g(\(see)h(Sec-)1590 4695 y(tion)31
13011 b(4.2)g([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(41\).)1110 4853 y
13012 Fs(hostname)96 b Ft(Hostnames,)89 b(as)76 b(tak)m(en)h(from)f(the)g
13013 (\014le)h(sp)s(eci\014ed)e(b)m(y)1590 4963 y(the)55 b
13014 Fs(HOSTFILE)e Ft(shell)j(v)-5 b(ariable)56 b(\(see)g(Section)g(5.2)h
13015 ([Bash)1590 5072 y(V)-8 b(ariables],)32 b(page)f(61\).)1110
13016 5230 y Fs(job)336 b Ft(Job)31 b(names,)h(if)g(job)f(con)m(trol)i(is)f
13017 (activ)m(e.)46 b(Ma)m(y)33 b(also)g(b)s(e)e(sp)s(eci-)1590
13018 5340 y(\014ed)f(as)g(`)p Fs(-j)p Ft('.)p eop end
13019 %%Page: 119 125
13020 TeXDict begin 119 124 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(8:)41
13021 b(Command)29 b(Line)i(Editing)2062 b(119)1110 299 y Fs(keyword)144
13022 b Ft(Shell)30 b(reserv)m(ed)h(w)m(ords.)40 b(Ma)m(y)32
13023 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(as)i(`)p Fs(-k)p Ft('.)1110
13024 467 y Fs(running)144 b Ft(Names)31 b(of)g(running)d(jobs,)i(if)h(job)f
13025 (con)m(trol)h(is)g(activ)m(e.)1110 635 y Fs(service)144
13026 b Ft(Service)31 b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)31 b(also)g(b)s(e)f(sp)s
13027 (eci\014ed)g(as)g(`)p Fs(-s)p Ft('.)1110 803 y Fs(setopt)192
13028 b Ft(V)-8 b(alid)34 b(argumen)m(ts)f(for)f(the)h(`)p
13029 Fs(-o)p Ft(')g(option)g(to)h(the)f Fs(set)e Ft(builtin)1590
13030 913 y(\(see)g(Section)h(4.3.1)g([The)e(Set)g(Builtin],)i(page)f(51\).)
13031 1110 1081 y Fs(shopt)240 b Ft(Shell)40 b(option)g(names)g(as)g
13032 (accepted)i(b)m(y)e(the)g Fs(shopt)e Ft(builtin)1590
13033 1190 y(\(see)31 b(Section)h(4.2)f([Bash)g(Builtins],)g(page)g(41\).)
13034 1110 1358 y Fs(signal)192 b Ft(Signal)31 b(names.)1110
13035 1526 y Fs(stopped)144 b Ft(Names)31 b(of)g(stopp)s(ed)e(jobs,)h(if)g
13036 (job)g(con)m(trol)i(is)f(activ)m(e.)1110 1694 y Fs(user)288
13037 b Ft(User)30 b(names.)41 b(Ma)m(y)32 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f
13038 (as)i(`)p Fs(-u)p Ft('.)1110 1862 y Fs(variable)96 b
13039 Ft(Names)36 b(of)g(all)g(shell)g(v)-5 b(ariables.)56
13040 b(Ma)m(y)37 b(also)f(b)s(e)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(as)1590
13041 1972 y(`)p Fs(-v)p Ft('.)630 2140 y Fs(-G)30 b Fj(globpat)1110
13042 2250 y Ft(The)39 b(\014lename)h(expansion)g(pattern)g
13043 Fq(globpat)j Ft(is)d(expanded)f(to)h(generate)1110 2359
13044 y(the)31 b(p)s(ossible)e(completions.)630 2527 y Fs(-W)h
13045 Fj(wordlist)1110 2637 y Ft(The)24 b Fq(w)m(ordlist)k
13046 Ft(is)d(split)g(using)f(the)h(c)m(haracters)i(in)d(the)i
13047 Fs(IFS)e Ft(sp)s(ecial)h(v)-5 b(ariable)1110 2746 y(as)36
13048 b(delimiters,)i(and)e(eac)m(h)h(resultan)m(t)g(w)m(ord)e(is)h
13049 (expanded.)57 b(The)35 b(p)s(ossible)1110 2856 y(completions)c(are)e
13050 (the)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(of)g(the)h(resultan)m(t)g(list)g(whic)m(h)f
13051 (matc)m(h)i(the)1110 2966 y(w)m(ord)f(b)s(eing)g(completed.)630
13052 3134 y Fs(-C)g Fj(command)1110 3243 y Fq(command)35 b
13053 Ft(is)e(executed)g(in)e(a)i(subshell)e(en)m(vironmen)m(t,)i(and)f(its)g
13054 (output)g(is)1110 3353 y(used)e(as)g(the)h(p)s(ossible)f(completions.)
13055 630 3521 y Fs(-F)g Fj(function)1110 3630 y Ft(The)25
13056 b(shell)i(function)e Fq(function)h Ft(is)g(executed)h(in)e(the)i
13057 (curren)m(t)e(shell)i(en)m(viron-)1110 3740 y(men)m(t.)40
13058 b(When)25 b(it)h(\014nishes,)f(the)h(p)s(ossible)f(completions)h(are)g
13059 (retriev)m(ed)g(from)1110 3850 y(the)31 b(v)-5 b(alue)30
13060 b(of)h(the)g Fs(COMPREPLY)c Ft(arra)m(y)k(v)-5 b(ariable.)630
13061 4018 y Fs(-X)30 b Fj(filterpat)1110 4127 y Fq(\014lterpat)d
13062 Ft(is)e(a)g(pattern)g(as)f(used)g(for)h(\014lename)g(expansion.)38
13063 b(It)25 b(is)g(applied)f(to)1110 4237 y(the)30 b(list)f(of)h(p)s
13064 (ossible)f(completions)h(generated)h(b)m(y)e(the)g(preceding)h(options)
13065 1110 4346 y(and)d(argumen)m(ts,)i(and)e(eac)m(h)i(completion)g(matc)m
13066 (hing)g Fq(\014lterpat)h Ft(is)e(remo)m(v)m(ed)1110 4456
13067 y(from)i(the)h(list.)42 b(A)30 b(leading)i(`)p Fs(!)p
13068 Ft(')e(in)g Fq(\014lterpat)j Ft(negates)f(the)f(pattern;)g(in)f(this)
13069 1110 4566 y(case,)i(an)m(y)e(completion)i(not)f(matc)m(hing)g
13070 Fq(\014lterpat)i Ft(is)d(remo)m(v)m(ed.)630 4734 y Fs(-P)g
13071 Fj(prefix)1110 4843 y Fq(pre\014x)39 b Ft(is)34 b(added)f(at)i(the)f(b)
13072 s(eginning)f(of)i(eac)m(h)g(p)s(ossible)e(completion)i(after)1110
13073 4953 y(all)c(other)g(options)g(ha)m(v)m(e)g(b)s(een)f(applied.)630
13074 5121 y Fs(-S)g Fj(suffix)1110 5230 y Fq(su\016x)c Ft(is)20
13075 b(app)s(ended)f(to)i(eac)m(h)h(p)s(ossible)e(completion)i(after)f(all)g
13076 (other)g(options)1110 5340 y(ha)m(v)m(e)32 b(b)s(een)d(applied.)p
13077 eop end
13078 %%Page: 120 126
13079 TeXDict begin 120 125 bop 150 -116 a Ft(120)2527 b(Bash)31
13080 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)630 299 y(The)k(return)g(v)-5
13081 b(alue)37 b(is)f(true)f(unless)h(an)f(in)m(v)-5 b(alid)37
13082 b(option)f(is)g(supplied,)g(an)g(option)h(other)630 408
13083 y(than)31 b(`)p Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(or)g(`)p Fs(-r)p Ft(')g(is)g(supplied)f
13084 (without)h(a)g Fq(name)37 b Ft(argumen)m(t,)32 b(an)f(attempt)h(is)f
13085 (made)g(to)630 518 y(remo)m(v)m(e)h(a)e(completion)i(sp)s
13086 (eci\014cation)f(for)f(a)h Fq(name)k Ft(for)30 b(whic)m(h)g(no)g(sp)s
13087 (eci\014cation)h(exists,)630 628 y(or)f(an)h(error)f(o)s(ccurs)g
13088 (adding)g(a)g(completion)i(sp)s(eci\014cation.)150 787
13089 y Fs(compopt)870 922 y(compopt)46 b([-o)h Fj(option)11
13090 b Fs(])45 b([+o)i Fj(option)11 b Fs(])45 b([)p Fj(name)11
13091 b Fs(])630 1056 y Ft(Mo)s(dify)33 b(completion)h(options)g(for)f(eac)m
13092 (h)h Fq(name)39 b Ft(according)34 b(to)g(the)f Fq(option)p
13093 Ft(s,)i(or)e(for)g(the)630 1166 y(curren)m(tly-execution)46
13094 b(completion)f(if)f(no)f Fq(name)5 b Ft(s)44 b(are)h(supplied.)80
13095 b(If)43 b(no)h Fq(option)p Ft(s)h(are)630 1275 y(giv)m(en,)30
13096 b(displa)m(y)e(the)g(completion)h(options)g(for)e(eac)m(h)i
13097 Fq(name)34 b Ft(or)27 b(the)i(curren)m(t)e(completion.)630
13098 1385 y(The)f(p)s(ossible)g(v)-5 b(alues)27 b(of)f Fq(option)h
13099 Ft(are)g(those)g(v)-5 b(alid)26 b(for)g(the)h Fs(complete)d
13100 Ft(builtin)i(describ)s(ed)630 1494 y(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)630
13101 1629 y(The)d(return)g(v)-5 b(alue)25 b(is)f(true)g(unless)f(an)h(in)m
13102 (v)-5 b(alid)24 b(option)h(is)f(supplied,)g(an)g(attempt)h(is)f(made)
13103 630 1738 y(to)32 b(mo)s(dify)f(the)g(options)h(for)f(a)h
13104 Fq(name)k Ft(for)31 b(whic)m(h)g(no)g(completion)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)f
13105 (exists,)630 1848 y(or)e(an)h(output)f(error)g(o)s(ccurs.)p
13106 eop end
13107 %%Page: 121 127
13108 TeXDict begin 121 126 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)47 b(9:)i(Using)f
13109 (History)g(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1865 b(121)150 299 y Fo(9)80
13110 b(Using)53 b(History)g(In)l(teractiv)l(ely)275 552 y
13111 Ft(This)32 b(c)m(hapter)i(describ)s(es)e(ho)m(w)h(to)h(use)f(the)g
13112 Fl(gnu)g Ft(History)h(Library)e(in)m(teractiv)m(ely)-8
13113 b(,)37 b(from)c(a)h(user's)150 661 y(standp)s(oin)m(t.)76
13114 b(It)42 b(should)f(b)s(e)h(considered)g(a)g(user's)g(guide.)76
13115 b(F)-8 b(or)43 b(information)f(on)g(using)g(the)g Fl(gnu)150
13116 771 y Ft(History)31 b(Library)f(in)g(other)g(programs,)g(see)h(the)g
13117 Fl(gnu)f Ft(Readline)h(Library)f(Man)m(ual.)150 1044
13118 y Fr(9.1)68 b(Bash)45 b(History)h(F)-11 b(acilities)275
13119 1294 y Ft(When)31 b(the)g(`)p Fs(-o)f(history)p Ft(')g(option)i(to)g
13120 (the)g Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)g(is)g(enabled)h(\(see)g(Section)g(4.3.1)i
13121 ([The)d(Set)150 1404 y(Builtin],)h(page)g(51\),)h(the)e(shell)h(pro)m
13122 (vides)f(access)h(to)g(the)f Fq(command)g(history)p Ft(,)h(the)f(list)h
13123 (of)f(commands)150 1514 y(previously)h(t)m(yp)s(ed.)47
13124 b(The)33 b(v)-5 b(alue)33 b(of)f(the)h Fs(HISTSIZE)e
13125 Ft(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable)34 b(is)f(used)e(as)i(the)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e
13126 (of)i(com-)150 1623 y(mands)i(to)i(sa)m(v)m(e)h(in)e(a)g(history)h
13127 (list.)58 b(The)36 b(text)h(of)g(the)f(last)h Fs($HISTSIZE)d
13128 Ft(commands)i(\(default)g(500\))150 1733 y(is)h(sa)m(v)m(ed.)61
13129 b(The)36 b(shell)h(stores)h(eac)m(h)g(command)e(in)h(the)g(history)g
13130 (list)g(prior)f(to)i(parameter)f(and)f(v)-5 b(ari-)150
13131 1842 y(able)33 b(expansion)g(but)f(after)h(history)f(expansion)h(is)g
13132 (p)s(erformed,)e(sub)5 b(ject)33 b(to)g(the)g(v)-5 b(alues)33
13133 b(of)g(the)g(shell)150 1952 y(v)-5 b(ariables)31 b Fs(HISTIGNORE)d
13134 Ft(and)h Fs(HISTCONTROL)p Ft(.)275 2093 y(When)g(the)g(shell)h(starts)g
13135 (up,)f(the)h(history)f(is)h(initialized)h(from)e(the)h(\014le)f(named)g
13136 (b)m(y)h(the)f Fs(HISTFILE)150 2202 y Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)21
13137 b(\(default)h(`)p Fs(~/.bash_history)p Ft('\).)34 b(The)20
13138 b(\014le)h(named)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)21 b(of)g
13139 Fs(HISTFILE)d Ft(is)j(truncated,)150 2312 y(if)42 b(necessary)-8
13140 b(,)45 b(to)e(con)m(tain)g(no)f(more)g(than)f(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)f
13141 (of)h(lines)g(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(b)m(y)h(the)g(v)-5 b(alue)42
13142 b(of)g(the)150 2422 y Fs(HISTFILESIZE)21 b Ft(v)-5 b(ariable.)40
13143 b(When)24 b(an)g(in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shell)e(exits,)h(the)f(last)g
13144 Fs($HISTSIZE)d Ft(lines)j(are)f(copied)150 2531 y(from)29
13145 b(the)i(history)e(list)i(to)g(the)f(\014le)g(named)f(b)m(y)h
13146 Fs($HISTFILE)p Ft(.)38 b(If)30 b(the)g Fs(histappend)d
13147 Ft(shell)j(option)g(is)g(set)150 2641 y(\(see)22 b(Section)g(4.2)g
13148 ([Bash)g(Builtins],)h(page)f(41\),)j(the)c(lines)g(are)h(app)s(ended)d
13149 (to)j(the)f(history)g(\014le,)j(otherwise)150 2750 y(the)32
13150 b(history)f(\014le)g(is)h(o)m(v)m(erwritten.)45 b(If)31
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13196 %%Page: 122 128
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13272 %%Page: 123 129
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13350 (the)g(v)-5 b(arious)34 b(c)m(haracters)h(used)f(b)m(y)f(the)h(history)
13351 g(expansion)g(mec)m(h-)150 5121 y(anism)h(with)g(the)g
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13357 %%Page: 124 130
13358 TeXDict begin 124 129 bop 150 -116 a Ft(124)2527 b(Bash)31
13359 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fk(9.3.1)63 b(Ev)m(en)m(t)39
13360 b(Designators)275 545 y Ft(An)30 b(ev)m(en)m(t)h(designator)h(is)e(a)h
13361 (reference)g(to)g(a)f(command)h(line)f(en)m(try)h(in)f(the)h(history)f
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13365 Fs(\()p Ft(')h(\(when)e(the)i Fs(extglob)d Ft(shell)j(option)f(is)h
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13369 b(to)i(the)e(command)g Fq(n)g Ft(lines)h(bac)m(k.)150
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13371 b(This)30 b(is)g(a)h(synon)m(ym)f(for)g(`)p Fs(!-1)p
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13375 y Ft(Refer)34 b(to)g(the)f(most)h(recen)m(t)h(command)e(con)m(taining)i
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13378 Fq(string)38 b Ft(is)31 b(follo)m(w)m(ed)h(immediately)g(b)m(y)e(a)h
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13380 Fs(^)630 2228 y Ft(Quic)m(k)32 b(Substitution.)44 b(Rep)s(eat)32
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13383 b(to)g Fs(!!:s/)p Fj(string1)11 b Fs(/)p Fj(string2)g
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13385 (line)h(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(so)h(far.)150 2729 y Fk(9.3.2)63
13386 b(W)-10 b(ord)41 b(Designators)275 2975 y Ft(W)-8 b(ord)35
13387 b(designators)g(are)g(used)f(to)h(select)h(desired)e(w)m(ords)h(from)f
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13398 3413 y(separated)31 b(b)m(y)f(single)h(spaces.)275 3550
13399 y(F)-8 b(or)31 b(example,)150 3714 y Fs(!!)384 b Ft(designates)37
13400 b(the)f(preceding)g(command.)57 b(When)35 b(y)m(ou)i(t)m(yp)s(e)f
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13403 b(the)g(last)g(argumen)m(t)g(of)f(the)h(preceding)f(command.)38
13404 b(This)22 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(shortened)630 4095 y(to)31
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13409 4692 y Fs(0)g(\(zero\))114 b Ft(The)30 b Fs(0)p Ft(th)g(w)m(ord.)40
13410 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(man)m(y)g(applications,)h(this)e(is)g(the)h(command)f
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13414 5340 y Fs(\045)432 b Ft(The)30 b(w)m(ord)g(matc)m(hed)h(b)m(y)f(the)h
13415 (most)g(recen)m(t)g(`)p Fs(?)p Fj(string)11 b Fs(?)p
13416 Ft(')28 b(searc)m(h.)p eop end
13417 %%Page: 125 131
13418 TeXDict begin 125 130 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(9:)41
13419 b(Using)30 b(History)h(In)m(teractiv)m(ely)1925 b(125)150
13420 299 y Fj(x)p Fs(-)p Fj(y)336 b Ft(A)30 b(range)h(of)g(w)m(ords;)f(`)p
13421 Fs(-)p Fj(y)11 b Ft(')30 b(abbreviates)h(`)p Fs(0-)p
13422 Fj(y)11 b Ft('.)150 458 y Fs(*)432 b Ft(All)28 b(of)g(the)g(w)m(ords,)g
13423 (except)h(the)e Fs(0)p Ft(th.)40 b(This)27 b(is)g(a)h(synon)m(ym)f(for)
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13427 (returned)e(in)630 677 y(that)j(case.)150 837 y Fj(x)11
13428 b Fs(*)373 b Ft(Abbreviates)31 b(`)p Fj(x)p Fs(-$)p Ft(')150
13429 996 y Fj(x)p Fs(-)384 b Ft(Abbreviates)31 b(`)p Fj(x)p
13430 Fs(-$)p Ft(')f(lik)m(e)h(`)p Fj(x)11 b Fs(*)p Ft(',)31
13431 b(but)e(omits)i(the)g(last)g(w)m(ord.)275 1156 y(If)i(a)h(w)m(ord)g
13432 (designator)g(is)g(supplied)f(without)h(an)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(sp)s
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13434 (the)f(ev)m(en)m(t.)150 1489 y Fk(9.3.3)63 b(Mo)s(di\014ers)275
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13438 (`)p Fs(:)p Ft('.)150 2002 y Fs(h)432 b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)32
13439 b(a)f(trailing)g(pathname)g(comp)s(onen)m(t,)g(lea)m(ving)h(only)e(the)
13440 h(head.)150 2162 y Fs(t)432 b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)32 b(all)f(leading)h
13441 (pathname)e(comp)s(onen)m(ts,)h(lea)m(ving)h(the)e(tail.)150
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13443 (the)h(form)f(`)p Fs(.)p Fj(suffix)11 b Ft(',)28 b(lea)m(ving)33
13444 b(the)d(basename.)150 2481 y Fs(e)432 b Ft(Remo)m(v)m(e)32
13445 b(all)f(but)f(the)h(trailing)g(su\016x.)150 2640 y Fs(p)432
13446 b Ft(Prin)m(t)30 b(the)h(new)f(command)g(but)g(do)g(not)g(execute)i
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13448 g(escaping)h(further)e(substitutions.)150 2959 y Fs(x)432
13449 b Ft(Quote)32 b(the)f(substituted)g(w)m(ords)f(as)i(with)f(`)p
13450 Fs(q)p Ft(',)h(but)e(break)h(in)m(to)i(w)m(ords)d(at)i(spaces,)h(tabs,)
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13452 b Fs(/)p Fj(new)g Fs(/)630 3337 y Ft(Substitute)32 b
13453 Fq(new)40 b Ft(for)32 b(the)h(\014rst)f(o)s(ccurrence)h(of)f
13454 Fq(old)37 b Ft(in)32 b(the)h(ev)m(en)m(t)h(line.)48 b(An)m(y)32
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13457 Fq(old)29 b Ft(and)24 b Fq(new)32 b Ft(with)25 b(a)630
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13459 Ft(')g(app)s(ears)g(in)f Fq(new)p Ft(,)i(it)f(is)h(replaced)f(b)m(y)g
13460 Fq(old)p Ft(.)40 b(A)28 b(single)h(bac)m(kslash)630 3666
13461 y(will)35 b(quote)g(the)g(`)p Fs(&)p Ft('.)54 b(The)34
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13464 3935 y Fs(&)432 b Ft(Rep)s(eat)31 b(the)f(previous)g(substitution.)150
13465 4095 y Fs(g)150 4204 y(a)432 b Ft(Cause)38 b(c)m(hanges)i(to)f(b)s(e)f
13466 (applied)h(o)m(v)m(er)h(the)f(en)m(tire)g(ev)m(en)m(t)h(line.)66
13467 b(Used)39 b(in)f(conjunction)630 4314 y(with)30 b(`)p
13468 Fs(s)p Ft(',)h(as)f(in)h Fs(gs/)p Fj(old)11 b Fs(/)p
13469 Fj(new)g Fs(/)p Ft(,)26 b(or)k(with)h(`)p Fs(&)p Ft('.)150
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13471 Fs(s)p Ft(')f(mo)s(di\014er)e(once)i(to)g(eac)m(h)h(w)m(ord)e(in)g(the)
13472 g(ev)m(en)m(t.)p eop end
13473 %%Page: 126 132
13474 TeXDict begin 126 131 bop 150 -116 a Ft(126)2527 b(Bash)31
13475 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)p eop end
13476 %%Page: 127 133
13477 TeXDict begin 127 132 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(10:)41
13478 b(Installing)31 b(Bash)2356 b(127)150 299 y Fo(10)80
13479 b(Installing)52 b(Bash)275 535 y Ft(This)39 b(c)m(hapter)i(pro)m(vides)
13480 f(basic)g(instructions)g(for)g(installing)h(Bash)f(on)g(the)h(v)-5
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13488 1367 y Ft(These)30 b(are)g(installation)j(instructions)d(for)g(Bash.)
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13498 y(Running)30 b Fs(configure)f Ft(tak)m(es)k(some)e(time.)45
13499 b(While)32 b(running,)e(it)i(prin)m(ts)f(messages)h(telling)h(whic)m(h)
13500 330 2211 y(features)e(it)g(is)f(c)m(hec)m(king)i(for.)199
13501 2346 y(2.)61 b(T)m(yp)s(e)30 b(`)p Fs(make)p Ft(')g(to)h(compile)g
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13506 Ft(')35 b(to)i(install)h Fs(bash)d Ft(and)h Fs(bashbug)p
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13508 2725 y(pages)31 b(and)f(Info)g(\014le.)275 2885 y(The)20
13509 b Fs(configure)f Ft(shell)i(script)g(attempts)h(to)g(guess)f(correct)i
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13511 2995 y(v)-5 b(ariables)44 b(used)f(during)g(compilation.)82
13512 b(It)43 b(uses)h(those)g(v)-5 b(alues)44 b(to)g(create)h(a)g(`)p
13513 Fs(Makefile)p Ft(')c(in)j(eac)m(h)150 3104 y(directory)25
13514 b(of)g(the)g(pac)m(k)-5 b(age)27 b(\(the)e(top)g(directory)-8
13515 b(,)27 b(the)e(`)p Fs(builtins)p Ft(',)f(`)p Fs(doc)p
13516 Ft(',)i(and)e(`)p Fs(support)p Ft(')g(directories,)150
13517 3214 y(eac)m(h)32 b(directory)f(under)d(`)p Fs(lib)p
13518 Ft(',)j(and)f(sev)m(eral)h(others\).)42 b(It)30 b(also)i(creates)f(a)g
13519 (`)p Fs(config.h)p Ft(')e(\014le)h(con)m(taining)150
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13521 b(,)34 b(it)e(creates)h(a)f(shell)g(script)f(named)g
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13523 (future)g(to)h(recreate)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f(con\014guration,)h(a)g
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13525 y(sa)m(v)m(es)35 b(the)f(results)f(of)h(its)g(tests)h(to)f(sp)s(eed)f
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13527 Ft(')d(con)m(taining)150 3652 y(compiler)25 b(output)g(\(useful)f
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13529 b(If)24 b(at)i(some)f(p)s(oin)m(t)g(`)p Fs(config.cache)p
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13558 %%Page: 128 134
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13636 %%Page: 129 135
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13705 Fs(--disable-)p Fj(feature)11 b Ft('.)p eop end
13706 %%Page: 130 136
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13730 i(termcap)e(database.)150 2095 y Fs(--with-gnu-malloc)630
13731 2204 y Ft(A)g(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Fs(--with-bash-malloc)p
13732 Ft(.)150 2378 y Fs(--with-installed-readlin)o(e[=)p Fj(P)o(REFI)o(X)11
13733 b Fs(])630 2487 y Ft(De\014ne)26 b(this)f(to)h(mak)m(e)h(Bash)f(link)f
13734 (with)g(a)h(lo)s(cally-installed)i(v)m(ersion)e(of)g(Readline)g(rather)
13735 630 2597 y(than)38 b(the)h(v)m(ersion)g(in)g(`)p Fs(lib/readline)p
13736 Ft('.)62 b(This)38 b(w)m(orks)h(only)f(with)h(Readline)g(5.0)h(and)630
13737 2706 y(later)29 b(v)m(ersions.)40 b(If)28 b Fq(PREFIX)37
13738 b Ft(is)28 b Fs(yes)f Ft(or)h(not)g(supplied,)f Fs(configure)f
13739 Ft(uses)h(the)h(v)-5 b(alues)29 b(of)630 2816 y(the)c(mak)m(e)g(v)-5
13740 b(ariables)25 b Fs(includedir)d Ft(and)h Fs(libdir)p
13741 Ft(,)h(whic)m(h)h(are)f(sub)s(directories)g(of)h Fs(prefix)630
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13743 (ersion)f(of)g(Readline)h(if)f(it)g(is)g(not)g(in)g(the)g(standard)630
13744 3035 y(system)j(include)f(and)g(library)g(directories.)54
13745 b(If)34 b Fq(PREFIX)43 b Ft(is)35 b Fs(no)p Ft(,)g(Bash)f(links)h(with)
13746 f(the)630 3145 y(v)m(ersion)k(in)f(`)p Fs(lib/readline)p
13747 Ft('.)58 b(If)37 b Fq(PREFIX)46 b Ft(is)38 b(set)g(to)g(an)m(y)f(other)
13748 h(v)-5 b(alue,)39 b Fs(configure)630 3254 y Ft(treats)27
13749 b(it)g(as)f(a)h(directory)g(pathname)f(and)f(lo)s(oks)i(for)f(the)g
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13751 b(sub)s(directories)f(of)h(that)h(directory)g(\(include)f(\014les)g(in)
13752 g Fq(PREFIX)9 b Ft(/)p Fs(include)32 b Ft(and)i(the)630
13753 3473 y(library)c(in)g Fq(PREFIX)9 b Ft(/)p Fs(lib)p Ft(\).)150
13754 3647 y Fs(--with-purify)630 3756 y Ft(De\014ne)23 b(this)g(to)h(use)f
13755 (the)g(Purify)f(memory)h(allo)s(cation)i(c)m(hec)m(k)m(er)g(from)e
13756 (Rational)i(Soft)m(w)m(are.)150 3930 y Fs(--enable-minimal-config)630
13757 4039 y Ft(This)e(pro)s(duces)f(a)i(shell)g(with)f(minimal)h(features,)h
13758 (close)g(to)f(the)g(historical)h(Bourne)e(shell.)275
13759 4219 y(There)g(are)i(sev)m(eral)g(`)p Fs(--enable-)p
13760 Ft(')d(options)j(that)f(alter)h(ho)m(w)g(Bash)f(is)g(compiled)h(and)e
13761 (link)m(ed,)j(rather)150 4329 y(than)k(c)m(hanging)h(run-time)f
13762 (features.)150 4509 y Fs(--enable-largefile)630 4619
13763 y Ft(Enable)76 b(supp)s(ort)f(for)h(large)h(\014les)f(\()p
13764 Fs(http://www.sas.com/standar)o(ds/l)o(arge)o(_)630 4728
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13767 b(to)g(build)e(programs)h(whic)m(h)g(can)g(access)i(large)f(\014les.)82
13768 b(This)44 b(is)g(enabled)g(b)m(y)630 4948 y(default,)31
13769 b(if)f(the)h(op)s(erating)g(system)f(pro)m(vides)g(large)i(\014le)e
13770 (supp)s(ort.)150 5121 y Fs(--enable-profiling)630 5230
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13773 5340 y(b)m(y)g Fs(gprof)f Ft(eac)m(h)j(time)f(it)g(is)f(executed.)p
13774 eop end
13775 %%Page: 131 137
13776 TeXDict begin 131 136 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(10:)41
13777 b(Installing)31 b(Bash)2356 b(131)150 299 y Fs(--enable-static-link)630
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13779 -8 b(,)43 b(if)37 b Fs(gcc)g Ft(is)g(b)s(eing)g(used.)61
13780 b(This)37 b(could)h(b)s(e)630 518 y(used)30 b(to)h(build)e(a)i(v)m
13781 (ersion)g(to)g(use)f(as)g(ro)s(ot's)h(shell.)275 671
13782 y(The)f(`)p Fs(minimal-config)p Ft(')d(option)k(can)g(b)s(e)f(used)f
13783 (to)j(disable)e(all)i(of)f(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(options,)g(but)d(it)150
13784 781 y(is)h(pro)s(cessed)g(\014rst,)g(so)h(individual)f(options)g(ma)m
13785 (y)h(b)s(e)f(enabled)g(using)g(`)p Fs(enable-)p Fj(feature)11
13786 b Ft('.)275 913 y(All)37 b(of)g(the)f(follo)m(wing)i(options)f(except)h
13787 (for)e(`)p Fs(disabled-builtins)p Ft(')d(and)j(`)p Fs(xpg-echo-default)
13788 p Ft(')150 1022 y(are)26 b(enabled)g(b)m(y)g(default,)h(unless)f(the)g
13789 (op)s(erating)g(system)g(do)s(es)g(not)g(pro)m(vide)g(the)g(necessary)g
13790 (supp)s(ort.)150 1176 y Fs(--enable-alias)630 1285 y
13791 Ft(Allo)m(w)41 b(alias)g(expansion)f(and)f(include)g(the)h
13792 Fs(alias)f Ft(and)g Fs(unalias)e Ft(builtins)j(\(see)g(Sec-)630
13793 1395 y(tion)31 b(6.6)g([Aliases],)i(page)e(79\).)150
13794 1548 y Fs(--enable-arith-for-comma)o(nd)630 1658 y Ft(Include)21
13795 b(supp)s(ort)g(for)g(the)i(alternate)g(form)f(of)g(the)g
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13797 1767 y(C)30 b(language)i Fs(for)d Ft(statemen)m(t)j(\(see)g(Section)f
13798 (3.2.4.1)i([Lo)s(oping)d(Constructs],)h(page)g(10\).)150
13799 1921 y Fs(--enable-array-variables)630 2030 y Ft(Include)h(supp)s(ort)g
13800 (for)h(one-dimensional)h(arra)m(y)f(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariables)33
13801 b(\(see)h(Section)g(6.7)h([Ar-)630 2140 y(ra)m(ys],)c(page)g(80\).)150
13802 2293 y Fs(--enable-bang-history)630 2403 y Ft(Include)36
13803 b(supp)s(ort)f(for)h Fs(csh)p Ft(-lik)m(e)h(history)g(substitution)f
13804 (\(see)h(Section)g(9.3)h([History)f(In-)630 2513 y(teraction],)c(page)e
13805 (123\).)150 2666 y Fs(--enable-brace-expansion)630 2776
13806 y Ft(Include)40 b Fs(csh)p Ft(-lik)m(e)h(brace)f(expansion)g(\()h
13807 Fs(b{a,b}c)2445 2772 y Fp(7!)2576 2776 y Fs(bac)30 b(bbc)39
13808 b Ft(\).)71 b(See)40 b(Section)h(3.5.1)630 2885 y([Brace)32
13809 b(Expansion],)e(page)h(18,)h(for)e(a)g(complete)i(description.)150
13810 3039 y Fs(--enable-casemod-attribu)o(tes)630 3148 y Ft(Include)37
13811 b(supp)s(ort)g(for)g(case-mo)s(difying)i(attributes)g(in)e(the)h
13812 Fs(declare)e Ft(builtin)i(and)f(as-)630 3258 y(signmen)m(t)29
13813 b(statemen)m(ts.)41 b(V)-8 b(ariables)30 b(with)e(the)g
13814 Fq(upp)s(ercase)k Ft(attribute,)e(for)e(example,)i(will)630
13815 3367 y(ha)m(v)m(e)i(their)e(v)-5 b(alues)31 b(con)m(v)m(erted)h(to)f
13816 (upp)s(ercase)e(up)s(on)g(assignmen)m(t.)150 3521 y Fs
13817 (--enable-casemod-expansi)o(on)630 3630 y Ft(Include)h(supp)s(ort)e
13818 (for)i(case-mo)s(difying)i(w)m(ord)e(expansions.)150
13819 3784 y Fs(--enable-command-timing)630 3893 y Ft(Include)43
13820 b(supp)s(ort)f(for)h(recognizing)i Fs(time)e Ft(as)g(a)h(reserv)m(ed)g
13821 (w)m(ord)f(and)g(for)h(displa)m(ying)630 4003 y(timing)37
13822 b(statistics)h(for)e(the)g(pip)s(eline)g(follo)m(wing)i
13823 Fs(time)d Ft(\(see)i(Section)g(3.2.2)h([Pip)s(elines],)630
13824 4113 y(page)24 b(8\).)39 b(This)23 b(allo)m(ws)h(pip)s(elines)f(as)h(w)
13825 m(ell)g(as)g(shell)f(builtins)g(and)g(functions)g(to)h(b)s(e)e(timed.)
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13827 b(supp)s(ort)f(for)i(the)g Fs([[)f Ft(conditional)i(command.)51
13828 b(\(see)34 b(Section)h(3.2.4.2)h([Condi-)630 4485 y(tional)c
13829 (Constructs],)e(page)h(10\).)150 4639 y Fs(--enable-cond-regexp)630
13830 4748 y Ft(Include)f(supp)s(ort)f(for)i(matc)m(hing)h(POSIX)d(regular)i
13831 (expressions)g(using)f(the)h(`)p Fs(=~)p Ft(')g(binary)630
13832 4858 y(op)s(erator)25 b(in)f(the)h Fs([[)f Ft(conditional)h(command.)39
13833 b(\(see)25 b(Section)h(3.2.4.2)h([Conditional)e(Con-)630
13834 4967 y(structs],)31 b(page)g(10\).)150 5121 y Fs(--enable-coprocesses)
13835 630 5230 y Ft(Include)23 b(supp)s(ort)f(for)i(copro)s(cesses)g(and)f
13836 (the)h Fs(coproc)e Ft(reserv)m(ed)i(w)m(ord)g(\(see)h(Section)f(3.2.2)
13837 630 5340 y([Pip)s(elines],)31 b(page)g(8\).)p eop end
13838 %%Page: 132 138
13839 TeXDict begin 132 137 bop 150 -116 a Ft(132)2527 b(Bash)31
13840 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fs(--enable-debugger)630
13841 408 y Ft(Include)f(supp)s(ort)e(for)i(the)h(bash)f(debugger)g
13842 (\(distributed)g(separately\).)150 573 y Fs(--enable-directory-stack)
13843 630 682 y Ft(Include)j(supp)s(ort)g(for)h(a)g Fs(csh)p
13844 Ft(-lik)m(e)h(directory)f(stac)m(k)i(and)d(the)i Fs(pushd)p
13845 Ft(,)f Fs(popd)p Ft(,)g(and)f Fs(dirs)630 792 y Ft(builtins)d(\(see)h
13846 (Section)g(6.8)h([The)e(Directory)i(Stac)m(k],)g(page)f(81\).)150
13847 956 y Fs(--enable-disabled-builti)o(ns)630 1066 y Ft(Allo)m(w)40
13848 b(builtin)e(commands)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)i(via)f(`)p
13849 Fs(builtin)29 b(xxx)p Ft(')37 b(ev)m(en)j(after)f Fs(xxx)e
13850 Ft(has)630 1176 y(b)s(een)31 b(disabled)g(using)g(`)p
13851 Fs(enable)d(-n)i(xxx)p Ft('.)43 b(See)32 b(Section)g(4.2)h([Bash)e
13852 (Builtins],)i(page)f(41,)630 1285 y(for)e(details)i(of)e(the)h
13853 Fs(builtin)d Ft(and)i Fs(enable)e Ft(builtin)i(commands.)150
13854 1450 y Fs(--enable-dparen-arithmet)o(ic)630 1559 y Ft(Include)42
13855 b(supp)s(ort)f(for)h(the)h Fs(\(\(...)o(\)\))f Ft(command)g(\(see)i
13856 (Section)f(3.2.4.2)i([Conditional)630 1669 y(Constructs],)30
13857 b(page)h(10\).)150 1833 y Fs(--enable-extended-glob)630
13858 1943 y Ft(Include)40 b(supp)s(ort)e(for)i(the)h(extended)f(pattern)h
13859 (matc)m(hing)g(features)g(describ)s(ed)e(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)630
13860 2052 y(under)29 b(Section)i(3.5.8.1)i([P)m(attern)e(Matc)m(hing],)i
13861 (page)e(25.)150 2217 y Fs(--enable-help-builtin)630 2326
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13863 f(help)h(on)f(shell)h(builtins)f(and)h(v)-5 b(ariables)25
13864 b(\(see)630 2436 y(Section)31 b(4.2)h([Bash)e(Builtins],)i(page)f
13865 (41\).)150 2600 y Fs(--enable-history)630 2710 y Ft(Include)e(command)g
13866 (history)h(and)f(the)h Fs(fc)f Ft(and)g Fs(history)e
13867 Ft(builtin)j(commands)f(\(see)h(Sec-)630 2819 y(tion)h(9.1)g([Bash)g
13868 (History)g(F)-8 b(acilities],)34 b(page)d(121\).)150
13869 2984 y Fs(--enable-job-control)630 3093 y Ft(This)e(enables)i(the)f
13870 (job)g(con)m(trol)h(features)g(\(see)g(Chapter)f(7)g([Job)g(Con)m
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13872 (supp)s(orts)d(them.)150 3367 y Fs(--enable-multibyte)630
13873 3477 y Ft(This)h(enables)i(supp)s(ort)d(for)i(m)m(ultib)m(yte)h(c)m
13874 (haracters)g(if)f(the)g(op)s(erating)h(system)f(pro)m(vides)630
13875 3587 y(the)h(necessary)f(supp)s(ort.)150 3751 y Fs
13876 (--enable-net-redirection)o(s)630 3861 y Ft(This)21 b(enables)h(the)g
13877 (sp)s(ecial)h(handling)e(of)h(\014lenames)g(of)g(the)g(form)f
13878 Fs(/dev/tcp/)p Fj(host)11 b Fs(/)p Fj(port)630 3970 y
13879 Ft(and)29 b Fs(/dev/udp/)p Fj(host)11 b Fs(/)p Fj(port)34
13880 b Ft(when)28 b(used)g(in)h(redirections)h(\(see)g(Section)g(3.6)g
13881 ([Redirec-)630 4080 y(tions],)h(page)g(26\).)150 4244
13882 y Fs(--enable-process-substit)o(utio)o(n)630 4354 y Ft(This)49
13883 b(enables)i(pro)s(cess)f(substitution)g(\(see)h(Section)g(3.5.6)h([Pro)
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13887 (completion)i(facilities)g(\(see)f(Section)g(8.6)g([Programmable)630
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13889 (enabled,)f(this)h(option)g(has)f(no)g(e\013ect.)150
13890 5011 y Fs(--enable-prompt-string-d)o(ecod)o(ing)630 5121
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13895 b(Section)g(6.9)h([Prin)m(ting)f(a)630 5340 y(Prompt],)30
13896 b(page)h(83,)h(for)e(a)h(complete)h(list)f(of)f(prompt)g(string)g
13897 (escap)s(e)h(sequences.)p eop end
13898 %%Page: 133 139
13899 TeXDict begin 133 138 bop 150 -116 a Ft(Chapter)30 b(10:)41
13900 b(Installing)31 b(Bash)2356 b(133)150 299 y Fs(--enable-readline)630
13901 408 y Ft(Include)28 b(supp)s(ort)f(for)h(command-line)h(editing)g(and)f
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13905 787 y Ft(Include)41 b(supp)s(ort)f(for)i(a)g Fq(restricted)g(shell)p
13906 Ft(.)75 b(If)42 b(this)f(is)h(enabled,)j(Bash,)g(when)c(called)630
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13909 1006 y(page)31 b(84,)h(for)e(a)g(description)h(of)f(restricted)h(mo)s
13910 (de.)150 1166 y Fs(--enable-select)630 1275 y Ft(Include)k(the)g
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13912 g(simple)f(men)m(us)g(\(see)630 1385 y(Section)c(3.2.4.2)i
13913 ([Conditional)e(Constructs],)g(page)g(10\).)150 1544
13914 y Fs(--enable-separate-helpfi)o(les)630 1654 y Ft(Use)h(external)h
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13921 (text)g(to)g(di\013eren)m(t)g(languages.)54 b(Y)-8 b(ou)35
13922 b(ma)m(y)g(need)630 2252 y(to)c(disable)g(this)f(if)g(y)m(our)h
13923 (compiler)g(cannot)f(handle)g(v)m(ery)h(long)g(string)f(literals.)150
13924 2411 y Fs(--enable-strict-posix-de)o(faul)o(t)630 2521
13925 y Ft(Mak)m(e)c(Bash)f Fl(posix)p Ft(-conforman)m(t)g(b)m(y)f(default)h
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13927 2630 y(page)31 b(85\).)150 2790 y Fs(--enable-usg-echo-defaul)o(t)630
13928 2899 y Ft(A)f(synon)m(ym)g(for)g Fs(--enable-xpg-echo-default)p
13929 Ft(.)150 3059 y Fs(--enable-xpg-echo-defaul)o(t)630 3168
13930 y Ft(Mak)m(e)c(the)f Fs(echo)e Ft(builtin)i(expand)f(bac)m
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14137 b Ft(Bash)22 b(has)f Fq(indirect)j Ft(v)-5 b(ariable)22
14138 b(expansion)g(using)f Fs(${!word})e Ft(\(see)k(Section)f(3.5.3)i
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14164 b(This)28 b(closes)h(a)g(longstanding)g(shell)f(securit)m(y)h(hole.)p
14165 eop end
14166 %%Page: 139 145
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14182 b(t)m(w)m(o)g(name)g(spaces.)225 1163 y Fp(\017)60 b
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14197 (\(see)g(Section)g(3.6)h([Redirections],)g(page)f(26\).)225
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14199 Fs(<>)p Ft(')f(redirection)i(op)s(erator,)f(allo)m(wing)i(a)e(\014le)g
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14211 m(e)330 2749 y(one)j(\014le)f(descriptor)g(to)h(another.)225
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14223 b(\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)i(page)e(51\).)66
14224 b(The)38 b(`)p Fs(>|)p Ft(')h(redirection)g(op)s(erator)330
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14227 b(Bash)g Fs(cd)g Ft(and)f Fs(pwd)g Ft(builtins)h(\(see)h(Section)g(4.1)
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14255 %%Page: 140 146
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14300 h(particular)g(c)m(haracter)h(rather)e(than)g(newline.)225
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14304 (Section)f(4.1)g([Bourne)g(Shell)f(Builtins],)h(page)g(35\).)225
14305 2874 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)43 b(includes)g(the)g Fs(shopt)f
14306 Ft(builtin,)k(for)d(\014ner)f(con)m(trol)j(of)e(shell)h(optional)g
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14309 (b)s(e)f(set)i(and)330 3093 y(unset)30 b(at)h(shell)g(in)m(v)m(o)s
14310 (cation)h(\(see)f(Section)h(6.1)f([In)m(v)m(oking)g(Bash],)g(page)h
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14313 Fs(set)g Ft(builtin)g(\(see)h(Sec-)330 3340 y(tion)31
14314 b(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g(51\).)225 3477
14315 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)31 b(`)p Fs(-x)p Ft(')g(\()p Fs(xtrace)p
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14318 f(\(see)h(Section)f(4.3.1)h([The)e(Set)h(Builtin],)g(page)g(51\).)225
14319 3724 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(The)28 b Fs(test)g Ft(builtin)h(\(see)h(Section)
14320 f(4.1)h([Bourne)f(Shell)g(Builtins],)h(page)g(35\))g(is)f(sligh)m(tly)h
14321 (di\013eren)m(t,)330 3833 y(as)23 b(it)g(implemen)m(ts)f(the)h
14322 Fl(posix)f Ft(algorithm,)j(whic)m(h)d(sp)s(eci\014es)g(the)h(b)s(eha)m
14323 (vior)f(based)g(on)h(the)f(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)330 3943 y(of)31
14324 b(argumen)m(ts.)225 4080 y Fp(\017)60 b Ft(Bash)31 b(includes)g(the)h
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14351 %%Page: 141 147
14352 TeXDict begin 141 146 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29
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14436 %%Page: 142 148
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14469 %%Page: 143 149
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14553 (cumen)m(t)g(is)g(released)p eop end
14554 %%Page: 144 150
14555 TeXDict begin 144 149 bop 150 -116 a Ft(144)2527 b(Bash)31
14556 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)330 299 y(under)26 b(this)i(License.)40
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14651 %%Page: 145 151
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14698 (T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)28 b(cop)m(y)h(along)g(with)e(eac)m(h)i(Opaque)
14699 330 3002 y(cop)m(y)-8 b(,)38 b(or)d(state)h(in)f(or)g(with)g(eac)m(h)h
14700 (Opaque)e(cop)m(y)i(a)g(computer-net)m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s(cation)h(from)d
14701 (whic)m(h)330 3112 y(the)24 b(general)i(net)m(w)m(ork-using)f(public)e
14702 (has)h(access)i(to)f(do)m(wnload)f(using)g(public-standard)f(net)m(w)m
14703 (ork)330 3221 y(proto)s(cols)40 b(a)f(complete)h(T)-8
14704 b(ransparen)m(t)39 b(cop)m(y)g(of)g(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)i(free)d(of)g
14705 (added)f(material.)67 b(If)330 3331 y(y)m(ou)39 b(use)g(the)g(latter)h
14706 (option,)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)e(tak)m(e)j(reasonably)e(pruden)m(t)e
14707 (steps,)k(when)d(y)m(ou)h(b)s(egin)330 3440 y(distribution)f(of)g
14708 (Opaque)g(copies)h(in)e(quan)m(tit)m(y)-8 b(,)43 b(to)38
14709 b(ensure)g(that)h(this)f(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)38 b(cop)m(y)h(will)330
14710 3550 y(remain)30 b(th)m(us)g(accessible)i(at)f(the)f(stated)h(lo)s
14711 (cation)h(un)m(til)e(at)h(least)h(one)e(y)m(ear)h(after)g(the)f(last)h
14712 (time)330 3660 y(y)m(ou)37 b(distribute)f(an)h(Opaque)f(cop)m(y)i
14713 (\(directly)g(or)e(through)g(y)m(our)h(agen)m(ts)h(or)f(retailers\))h
14714 (of)f(that)330 3769 y(edition)31 b(to)g(the)g(public.)330
14715 3915 y(It)k(is)f(requested,)i(but)e(not)h(required,)g(that)g(y)m(ou)g
14716 (con)m(tact)h(the)f(authors)f(of)h(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(w)m(ell)330
14717 4025 y(b)s(efore)28 b(redistributing)g(an)m(y)h(large)h(n)m(um)m(b)s
14718 (er)d(of)i(copies,)h(to)f(giv)m(e)h(them)f(a)g(c)m(hance)h(to)f(pro)m
14719 (vide)g(y)m(ou)330 4134 y(with)h(an)g(up)s(dated)f(v)m(ersion)i(of)g
14720 (the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t.)199 4281 y(4.)61 b(MODIFICA)-8
14721 b(TIONS)330 4427 y(Y)g(ou)26 b(ma)m(y)g(cop)m(y)g(and)f(distribute)g(a)
14722 h(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)26 b(of)g(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(under)
14723 e(the)h(conditions)330 4536 y(of)c(sections)h(2)g(and)e(3)h(ab)s(o)m(v)
14724 m(e,)k(pro)m(vided)20 b(that)i(y)m(ou)f(release)i(the)e(Mo)s(di\014ed)f
14725 (V)-8 b(ersion)22 b(under)d(precisely)330 4646 y(this)29
14726 b(License,)h(with)f(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)30
14727 b(\014lling)f(the)g(role)h(of)f(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(th)m(us)f
14728 (licensing)330 4755 y(distribution)k(and)h(mo)s(di\014cation)g(of)h
14729 (the)f(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion)35 b(to)g(who)s(ev)m(er)f(p)s
14730 (ossesses)f(a)i(cop)m(y)g(of)330 4865 y(it.)41 b(In)30
14731 b(addition,)h(y)m(ou)f(m)m(ust)h(do)f(these)h(things)f(in)g(the)h(Mo)s
14732 (di\014ed)e(V)-8 b(ersion:)357 5011 y(A.)60 b(Use)33
14733 b(in)f(the)h(Title)h(P)m(age)g(\(and)f(on)f(the)h(co)m(v)m(ers,)i(if)e
14734 (an)m(y\))g(a)g(title)h(distinct)f(from)g(that)g(of)g(the)510
14735 5121 y(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)j(and)d(from)g(those)i(of)f(previous)f(v)m
14736 (ersions)h(\(whic)m(h)g(should,)g(if)g(there)g(w)m(ere)g(an)m(y)-8
14737 b(,)510 5230 y(b)s(e)31 b(listed)h(in)f(the)g(History)h(section)g(of)g
14738 (the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t\).)45 b(Y)-8 b(ou)32 b(ma)m(y)g(use)f(the)g(same)
14739 h(title)h(as)510 5340 y(a)e(previous)f(v)m(ersion)g(if)h(the)f
14740 (original)i(publisher)d(of)h(that)h(v)m(ersion)g(giv)m(es)h(p)s
14741 (ermission.)p eop end
14742 %%Page: 146 152
14743 TeXDict begin 146 151 bop 150 -116 a Ft(146)2527 b(Bash)31
14744 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)360 299 y(B.)61 b(List)31 b(on)f(the)h(Title)g
14745 (P)m(age,)i(as)d(authors,)h(one)g(or)f(more)h(p)s(ersons)e(or)h(en)m
14746 (tities)j(resp)s(onsible)c(for)510 408 y(authorship)c(of)h(the)h(mo)s
14747 (di\014cations)f(in)g(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion,)28
14748 b(together)g(with)d(at)i(least)h(\014v)m(e)510 518 y(of)c(the)g
14749 (principal)g(authors)f(of)i(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(\(all)h(of)g(its)f
14750 (principal)g(authors,)h(if)f(it)g(has)g(few)m(er)510
14751 628 y(than)30 b(\014v)m(e\),)h(unless)f(they)h(release)g(y)m(ou)g(from)
14752 f(this)g(requiremen)m(t.)359 766 y(C.)60 b(State)32 b(on)e(the)h(Title)
14753 h(page)f(the)g(name)g(of)g(the)g(publisher)e(of)i(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)f
14754 (V)-8 b(ersion,)32 b(as)f(the)510 876 y(publisher.)355
14755 1015 y(D.)61 b(Preserv)m(e)31 b(all)g(the)g(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)h(notices)f
14756 (of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t.)363 1154 y(E.)60 b(Add)30
14757 b(an)i(appropriate)f(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)i(notice)f(for)g(y)m(our)f(mo)s
14758 (di\014cations)g(adjacen)m(t)i(to)f(the)g(other)510 1263
14759 y(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)g(notices.)365 1402 y(F.)61 b(Include,)28
14760 b(immediately)h(after)f(the)h(cop)m(yrigh)m(t)g(notices,)h(a)e(license)
14761 h(notice)g(giving)g(the)f(public)510 1512 y(p)s(ermission)23
14762 b(to)j(use)e(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g(V)-8 b(ersion)25 b(under)e(the)i
14763 (terms)f(of)h(this)f(License,)j(in)d(the)g(form)510 1621
14764 y(sho)m(wn)30 b(in)g(the)g(Addendum)f(b)s(elo)m(w.)353
14765 1760 y(G.)61 b(Preserv)m(e)23 b(in)g(that)g(license)h(notice)g(the)f
14766 (full)g(lists)g(of)g(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)23 b(Sections)h(and)e
14767 (required)g(Co)m(v)m(er)510 1870 y(T)-8 b(exts)31 b(giv)m(en)g(in)f
14768 (the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t's)g(license)h(notice.)357 2008
14769 y(H.)60 b(Include)30 b(an)g(unaltered)g(cop)m(y)h(of)g(this)f(License.)
14770 392 2147 y(I.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)33 b(the)f(section)h(En)m(titled)g
14771 (\\History",)h(Preserv)m(e)f(its)f(Title,)i(and)d(add)h(to)h(it)f(an)g
14772 (item)510 2257 y(stating)d(at)g(least)g(the)g(title,)h(y)m(ear,)g(new)d
14773 (authors,)i(and)e(publisher)f(of)j(the)f(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8
14774 b(ersion)510 2366 y(as)32 b(giv)m(en)g(on)f(the)h(Title)g(P)m(age.)45
14775 b(If)31 b(there)h(is)f(no)g(section)i(En)m(titled)f(\\History")h(in)e
14776 (the)g(Do)s(cu-)510 2476 y(men)m(t,)37 b(create)f(one)f(stating)h(the)f
14777 (title,)i(y)m(ear,)g(authors,)f(and)e(publisher)f(of)i(the)g(Do)s
14778 (cumen)m(t)510 2586 y(as)h(giv)m(en)h(on)f(its)h(Title)g(P)m(age,)i
14779 (then)d(add)g(an)g(item)g(describing)g(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g(V)-8
14780 b(ersion)37 b(as)510 2695 y(stated)31 b(in)f(the)h(previous)f(sen)m
14781 (tence.)378 2834 y(J.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)33 b(the)g(net)m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s
14782 (cation,)i(if)d(an)m(y)-8 b(,)34 b(giv)m(en)f(in)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m
14783 (t)h(for)g(public)e(access)j(to)510 2944 y(a)e(T)-8 b(ransparen)m(t)30
14784 b(cop)m(y)i(of)g(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(and)f(lik)m(ewise)h(the)g(net)
14785 m(w)m(ork)g(lo)s(cations)g(giv)m(en)g(in)510 3053 y(the)g(Do)s(cumen)m
14786 (t)g(for)g(previous)f(v)m(ersions)h(it)g(w)m(as)g(based)f(on.)45
14787 b(These)31 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)f(placed)h(in)g(the)510 3163
14788 y(\\History")27 b(section.)40 b(Y)-8 b(ou)25 b(ma)m(y)h(omit)g(a)f(net)
14789 m(w)m(ork)h(lo)s(cation)g(for)f(a)h(w)m(ork)f(that)g(w)m(as)h
14790 (published)510 3272 y(at)36 b(least)h(four)e(y)m(ears)i(b)s(efore)e
14791 (the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)h(itself,)h(or)d(if)h(the)g(original)h(publisher)
14792 d(of)i(the)510 3382 y(v)m(ersion)31 b(it)g(refers)f(to)h(giv)m(es)h(p)s
14793 (ermission.)354 3521 y(K.)60 b(F)-8 b(or)24 b(an)m(y)h(section)f(En)m
14794 (titled)h(\\Ac)m(kno)m(wledgemen)m(ts")i(or)d(\\Dedications",)k
14795 (Preserv)m(e)c(the)g(Title)510 3630 y(of)j(the)f(section,)j(and)d
14796 (preserv)m(e)h(in)f(the)h(section)g(all)h(the)e(substance)h(and)f(tone)
14797 h(of)f(eac)m(h)i(of)f(the)510 3740 y(con)m(tributor)k(ac)m(kno)m
14798 (wledgemen)m(ts)i(and/or)d(dedications)h(giv)m(en)h(therein.)368
14799 3879 y(L.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)36 b(all)g(the)g(In)m(v)-5
14800 b(arian)m(t)36 b(Sections)g(of)f(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t,)h(unaltered)f
14801 (in)f(their)g(text)i(and)510 3988 y(in)f(their)g(titles.)58
14802 b(Section)37 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(ers)d(or)i(the)g(equiv)-5
14803 b(alen)m(t)38 b(are)e(not)g(considered)g(part)g(of)g(the)510
14804 4098 y(section)c(titles.)341 4237 y(M.)61 b(Delete)33
14805 b(an)m(y)e(section)h(En)m(titled)f(\\Endorsemen)m(ts".)42
14806 b(Suc)m(h)30 b(a)i(section)f(ma)m(y)h(not)f(b)s(e)f(included)510
14807 4346 y(in)g(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)e(V)-8 b(ersion.)357
14808 4485 y(N.)60 b(Do)29 b(not)g(retitle)h(an)m(y)e(existing)i(section)f
14809 (to)g(b)s(e)f(En)m(titled)h(\\Endorsemen)m(ts")g(or)f(to)h(con\015ict)g
14810 (in)510 4595 y(title)j(with)e(an)m(y)h(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)31
14811 b(Section.)354 4734 y(O.)60 b(Preserv)m(e)31 b(an)m(y)g(W)-8
14812 b(arran)m(t)m(y)32 b(Disclaimers.)330 4902 y(If)h(the)g(Mo)s(di\014ed)g
14813 (V)-8 b(ersion)34 b(includes)f(new)g(fron)m(t-matter)i(sections)f(or)f
14814 (app)s(endices)g(that)h(qualify)330 5011 y(as)28 b(Secondary)g
14815 (Sections)g(and)f(con)m(tain)j(no)d(material)j(copied)e(from)f(the)h
14816 (Do)s(cumen)m(t,)i(y)m(ou)e(ma)m(y)g(at)330 5121 y(y)m(our)k(option)h
14817 (designate)h(some)e(or)h(all)g(of)f(these)h(sections)h(as)e(in)m(v)-5
14818 b(arian)m(t.)48 b(T)-8 b(o)33 b(do)f(this,)h(add)f(their)330
14819 5230 y(titles)37 b(to)f(the)f(list)h(of)g(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)36
14820 b(Sections)g(in)f(the)h(Mo)s(di\014ed)f(V)-8 b(ersion's)36
14821 b(license)g(notice.)57 b(These)330 5340 y(titles)32 b(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)g
14822 (distinct)h(from)e(an)m(y)i(other)g(section)g(titles.)p
14823 eop end
14824 %%Page: 147 153
14825 TeXDict begin 147 152 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29
14826 b(C:)h(GNU)h(F)-8 b(ree)31 b(Do)s(cumen)m(tation)i(License)1560
14827 b(147)330 299 y(Y)-8 b(ou)43 b(ma)m(y)g(add)f(a)g(section)i(En)m
14828 (titled)f(\\Endorsemen)m(ts",)j(pro)m(vided)c(it)h(con)m(tains)g
14829 (nothing)g(but)330 408 y(endorsemen)m(ts)30 b(of)g(y)m(our)f(Mo)s
14830 (di\014ed)g(V)-8 b(ersion)31 b(b)m(y)e(v)-5 b(arious)30
14831 b(parties|for)g(example,)g(statemen)m(ts)i(of)330 518
14832 y(p)s(eer)27 b(review)g(or)g(that)h(the)f(text)i(has)d(b)s(een)h(appro)
14833 m(v)m(ed)g(b)m(y)g(an)h(organization)h(as)e(the)h(authoritativ)m(e)330
14834 628 y(de\014nition)i(of)h(a)f(standard.)330 757 y(Y)-8
14835 b(ou)29 b(ma)m(y)g(add)e(a)i(passage)g(of)g(up)e(to)i(\014v)m(e)g(w)m
14836 (ords)e(as)i(a)g(F)-8 b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)30 b(T)-8
14837 b(ext,)30 b(and)e(a)g(passage)i(of)e(up)330 867 y(to)g(25)g(w)m(ords)e
14838 (as)i(a)f(Bac)m(k-Co)m(v)m(er)j(T)-8 b(ext,)29 b(to)f(the)f(end)f(of)i
14839 (the)f(list)h(of)f(Co)m(v)m(er)h(T)-8 b(exts)27 b(in)g(the)h(Mo)s
14840 (di\014ed)330 976 y(V)-8 b(ersion.)58 b(Only)35 b(one)h(passage)h(of)f
14841 (F)-8 b(ron)m(t-Co)m(v)m(er)38 b(T)-8 b(ext)36 b(and)g(one)g(of)g(Bac)m
14842 (k-Co)m(v)m(er)j(T)-8 b(ext)36 b(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)330 1086
14843 y(added)27 b(b)m(y)g(\(or)h(through)f(arrangemen)m(ts)h(made)g(b)m(y\))
14844 g(an)m(y)g(one)f(en)m(tit)m(y)-8 b(.)42 b(If)27 b(the)h(Do)s(cumen)m(t)
14845 g(already)330 1196 y(includes)34 b(a)g(co)m(v)m(er)h(text)g(for)f(the)g
14846 (same)h(co)m(v)m(er,)h(previously)e(added)f(b)m(y)h(y)m(ou)g(or)g(b)m
14847 (y)g(arrangemen)m(t)330 1305 y(made)h(b)m(y)g(the)h(same)f(en)m(tit)m
14848 (y)i(y)m(ou)f(are)f(acting)i(on)e(b)s(ehalf)f(of,)j(y)m(ou)f(ma)m(y)g
14849 (not)f(add)g(another;)j(but)330 1415 y(y)m(ou)c(ma)m(y)h(replace)g(the)
14850 f(old)g(one,)i(on)e(explicit)h(p)s(ermission)e(from)g(the)i(previous)e
14851 (publisher)f(that)330 1524 y(added)e(the)g(old)h(one.)330
14852 1654 y(The)25 b(author\(s\))h(and)f(publisher\(s\))f(of)i(the)f(Do)s
14853 (cumen)m(t)h(do)g(not)f(b)m(y)h(this)f(License)h(giv)m(e)h(p)s
14854 (ermission)330 1763 y(to)k(use)f(their)g(names)h(for)f(publicit)m(y)g
14855 (for)h(or)f(to)h(assert)g(or)f(imply)g(endorsemen)m(t)g(of)h(an)m(y)g
14856 (Mo)s(di\014ed)330 1873 y(V)-8 b(ersion.)199 2002 y(5.)61
14857 b(COMBINING)31 b(DOCUMENTS)330 2132 y(Y)-8 b(ou)39 b(ma)m(y)g(com)m
14858 (bine)h(the)f(Do)s(cumen)m(t)g(with)g(other)f(do)s(cumen)m(ts)h
14859 (released)g(under)f(this)g(License,)330 2242 y(under)f(the)h(terms)g
14860 (de\014ned)f(in)h(section)h(4)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e)g(for)f(mo)s(di\014ed)f
14861 (v)m(ersions,)k(pro)m(vided)d(that)h(y)m(ou)330 2351
14862 y(include)25 b(in)g(the)g(com)m(bination)i(all)f(of)g(the)f(In)m(v)-5
14863 b(arian)m(t)26 b(Sections)g(of)g(all)g(of)f(the)h(original)g(do)s
14864 (cumen)m(ts,)330 2461 y(unmo)s(di\014ed,)g(and)g(list)h(them)g(all)g
14865 (as)g(In)m(v)-5 b(arian)m(t)28 b(Sections)f(of)g(y)m(our)g(com)m(bined)
14866 g(w)m(ork)f(in)h(its)g(license)330 2570 y(notice,)32
14867 b(and)e(that)h(y)m(ou)f(preserv)m(e)h(all)g(their)g(W)-8
14868 b(arran)m(t)m(y)32 b(Disclaimers.)330 2700 y(The)e(com)m(bined)g(w)m
14869 (ork)h(need)e(only)i(con)m(tain)g(one)g(cop)m(y)g(of)f(this)g(License,)
14870 i(and)d(m)m(ultiple)i(iden)m(tical)330 2809 y(In)m(v)-5
14871 b(arian)m(t)33 b(Sections)g(ma)m(y)g(b)s(e)f(replaced)h(with)f(a)h
14872 (single)g(cop)m(y)-8 b(.)48 b(If)32 b(there)h(are)g(m)m(ultiple)g(In)m
14873 (v)-5 b(arian)m(t)330 2919 y(Sections)27 b(with)g(the)g(same)g(name)g
14874 (but)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(con)m(ten)m(ts,)i(mak)m(e)f(the)f(title)h(of)f
14875 (eac)m(h)h(suc)m(h)f(section)330 3029 y(unique)33 b(b)m(y)h(adding)f
14876 (at)i(the)f(end)g(of)g(it,)h(in)f(paren)m(theses,)i(the)e(name)g(of)g
14877 (the)g(original)h(author)f(or)330 3138 y(publisher)23
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15066 Fb(35)150 2962 y Fe(builtin)8 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15067 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15068 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fb(42)150
15069 3225 y Fr(C)150 3352 y Fe(caller)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15070 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15071 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35
15072 b Fb(43)150 3445 y Fe(cd)15 b Fc(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15073 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15074 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)41
15075 b Fb(36)150 3538 y Fe(command)8 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15076 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15077 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fb(43)150
15078 3631 y Fe(compgen)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15079 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15080 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)33 b Fb(116)150 3724 y Fe(complete)26
15081 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
15082 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15083 50 b Fb(117)150 3817 y Fe(compopt)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15084 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15085 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)33 b Fb(120)150
15086 3910 y Fe(continue)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15087 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15088 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(36)150 4172 y
15089 Fr(D)150 4300 y Fe(declare)8 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15090 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
15091 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fb(43)150
15092 4393 y Fe(dirs)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15093 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15094 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fb(82)150
15095 4485 y Fe(disown)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15096 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15097 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(91)150 4748
15098 y Fr(E)150 4876 y Fe(echo)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15099 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15100 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38
15101 b Fb(44)150 4969 y Fe(enable)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15102 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15103 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(45)150
15104 5061 y Fe(eval)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15105 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15106 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fb(36)150
15107 5154 y Fe(exec)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15108 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15109 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fb(36)150
15110 5247 y Fe(exit)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15111 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15112 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fb(36)150
15113 5340 y Fe(export)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15114 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15115 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(36)2025 977
15116 y Fr(F)2025 1104 y Fe(fc)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15117 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15118 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)41
15119 b Fb(122)2025 1196 y Fe(fg)15 b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15120 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15121 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)41
15122 b Fb(90)2025 1474 y Fr(G)2025 1601 y Fe(getopts)8 b Fc(.)14
15123 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15124 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15125 f(.)34 b Fb(37)2025 1879 y Fr(H)2025 2006 y Fe(hash)13
15126 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15127 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15128 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(37)2025 2098 y Fe(help)13
15129 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15130 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15131 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(46)2025 2190 y Fe(history)7
15132 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15133 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15134 g(.)h(.)33 b Fb(122)2025 2469 y Fr(J)2025 2595 y Fe(jobs)13
15135 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15136 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15137 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(90)2025 2874 y Fr(K)2025
15138 3000 y Fe(kill)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15139 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15140 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(91)2025
15141 3260 y Fr(L)2025 3387 y Fe(let)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15142 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
15143 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40
15144 b Fb(46)2025 3479 y Fe(local)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15145 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15146 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37
15147 b Fb(46)2025 3571 y Fe(logout)10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15148 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15149 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b
15150 Fb(46)2025 3850 y Fr(M)2025 3976 y Fe(mapfile)8 b Fc(.)14
15151 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15152 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15153 f(.)34 b Fb(46)2025 4255 y Fr(P)2025 4381 y Fe(popd)13
15154 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15155 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15156 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(82)2025 4473 y Fe(printf)10
15157 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15158 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15159 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fb(47)2025 4566 y Fe(pushd)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g
15160 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15161 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37
15162 b Fb(82)2025 4658 y Fe(pwd)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15163 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15164 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40
15165 b Fb(38)2025 4937 y Fr(R)2025 5063 y Fe(read)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
15166 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15167 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15168 38 b Fb(47)2025 5155 y Fe(readarray)25 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15169 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15170 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fb(48)2025
15171 5248 y Fe(readonly)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15172 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15173 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(38)2025 5340 y
15174 Fe(return)10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15175 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15176 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fb(38)p eop end
15177 %%Page: 152 158
15178 TeXDict begin 152 157 bop 150 -116 a Ft(152)2527 b(Bash)31
15179 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fr(S)150 423 y Fe(set)14
15180 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15181 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15182 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fb(51)150 514 y Fe(shift)11
15183 b Fc(.)j(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15184 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15185 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fb(38)150 606 y Fe(shopt)11 b
15186 Fc(.)j(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15187 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15188 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fb(54)150 697 y Fe(source)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g
15189 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15190 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35
15191 b Fb(49)150 788 y Fe(suspend)8 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15192 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15193 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fb(91)150
15194 1061 y Fr(T)150 1185 y Fe(test)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15195 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
15196 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38
15197 b Fb(39)150 1276 y Fe(times)11 b Fc(.)j(.)e(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15198 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15199 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b
15200 Fb(40)150 1368 y Fe(trap)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15201 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
15202 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38
15203 b Fb(40)2025 299 y Fe(type)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15204 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15205 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38
15206 b Fb(49)2025 386 y Fe(typeset)8 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15207 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15208 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(49)2025
15209 639 y Fr(U)2025 755 y Fe(ulimit)10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15210 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15211 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b
15212 Fb(49)2025 843 y Fe(umask)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15213 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15214 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b
15215 Fb(41)2025 930 y Fe(unalias)8 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15216 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15217 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(50)2025
15218 1017 y Fe(unset)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15219 (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15220 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fb(41)2025 1251
15221 y Fr(W)2025 1368 y Fe(wait)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15222 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15223 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38
15224 b Fb(91)150 1642 y Fr(D.2)68 b(Index)45 b(of)g(Shell)g(Reserv)l(ed)h(W)
15225 -11 b(ords)150 1963 y(!)150 2096 y Fe(!)18 b Fc(.)12
15226 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15227 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15228 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)44 b Fb(8)150 2382 y
15229 Fr([)150 2515 y Fe([[)15 b Fc(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15230 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15231 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)41
15232 b Fb(12)150 2807 y Fr(])150 2940 y Fe(]])15 b Fc(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
15233 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15234 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15235 f(.)41 b Fb(12)150 3226 y Fa({)150 3359 y Fe({)17 b Fc(.)12
15236 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15237 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15238 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(14)150 3645 y Fa(})150
15239 3777 y Fe(})17 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15240 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15241 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42
15242 b Fb(14)150 4062 y Fr(C)150 4195 y Fe(case)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15243 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15244 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38
15245 b Fb(11)150 4471 y Fr(D)150 4604 y Fe(do)15 b Fc(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
15246 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15247 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15248 f(.)41 b Fb(10)150 4700 y Fe(done)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15249 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15250 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38
15251 b Fb(10)2025 1963 y Fr(E)2025 2079 y Fe(elif)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
15252 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15253 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15254 38 b Fb(10)2025 2166 y Fe(else)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15255 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15256 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38
15257 b Fb(10)2025 2254 y Fe(esac)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15258 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15259 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38
15260 b Fb(11)2025 2487 y Fr(F)2025 2603 y Fe(fi)15 b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g
15261 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15262 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15263 (.)f(.)41 b Fb(10)2025 2690 y Fe(for)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15264 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15265 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40
15266 b Fb(10)2025 2778 y Fe(function)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15267 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15268 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(15)2025
15269 3011 y Fr(I)2025 3127 y Fe(if)15 b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15270 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15271 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)41
15272 b Fb(10)2025 3215 y Fe(in)15 b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15273 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15274 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)41
15275 b Fb(11)2025 3448 y Fr(S)2025 3564 y Fe(select)10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f
15276 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15277 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35
15278 b Fb(12)2025 3797 y Fr(T)2025 3914 y Fe(then)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
15279 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15280 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15281 38 b Fb(10)2025 4001 y Fe(time)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
15282 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15283 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)40
15284 b Fb(8)2025 4234 y Fr(U)2025 4350 y Fe(until)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)
15285 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15286 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37
15287 b Fb(10)2025 4584 y Fr(W)2025 4700 y Fe(while)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g
15288 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15289 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37
15290 b Fb(10)150 4957 y Fr(D.3)68 b(P)l(arameter)47 b(and)d(V)-11
15291 b(ariable)46 b(Index)150 5279 y(!)1834 b Fe(!)17 b Fc(.)12
15292 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15293 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15294 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)43 b Fb(17)p eop end
15295 %%Page: 153 159
15296 TeXDict begin 153 158 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29
15297 b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(153)150 299 y Fr(#)150 424 y Fe(#)17
15298 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15299 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15300 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(17)150 688
15301 y Fr($)150 813 y Fe($)17 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15302 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
15303 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42
15304 b Fb(17)150 1084 y Fr(*)150 1209 y Fe(*)17 b Fc(.)12
15305 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15306 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15307 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(17)150 1464 y Fr(-)150
15308 1589 y Fe(-)17 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15309 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15310 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42
15311 b Fb(17)150 1844 y Fr(?)150 1969 y Fe(?)17 b Fc(.)12
15312 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15313 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15314 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(17)150 2224 y Fr(@)150
15315 2348 y Fe(@)17 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15316 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15317 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42
15318 b Fb(17)p 159 2603 41 6 v 150 2728 a Fe(_)17 b Fc(.)12
15319 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15320 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15321 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(17)150 2983 y Fr(0)150
15322 3108 y Fe(0)17 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15323 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15324 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42
15325 b Fb(17)150 3363 y Fr(A)150 3488 y Fe(auto_resume)23
15326 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15327 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46
15328 b Fb(92)150 3752 y Fr(B)150 3877 y Fe(BASH)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15329 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15330 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38
15331 b Fb(61)150 3968 y Fe(BASH_ALIASES)22 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15332 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15333 h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fb(62)150 4060 y Fe(BASH_ARGC)25
15334 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15335 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15336 49 b Fb(62)150 4151 y Fe(BASH_ARGV)25 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15337 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15338 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fb(62)150
15339 4243 y Fe(BASH_CMDS)25 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15340 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15341 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fb(62)150 4334 y Fe(BASH_COMMAND)22
15342 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15343 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45
15344 b Fb(62)150 4426 y Fe(BASH_ENV)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15345 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15346 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(62)150
15347 4517 y Fe(BASH_EXECUTION_STRING)d Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15348 (.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)50
15349 b Fb(62)150 4608 y Fe(BASH_LINENO)23 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15350 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15351 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b Fb(62)150 4700 y
15352 Fe(BASH_REMATCH)22 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15353 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15354 f(.)g(.)45 b Fb(63)150 4791 y Fe(BASH_SOURCE)23 b Fc(.)12
15355 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
15356 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46
15357 b Fb(63)150 4883 y Fe(BASH_SUBSHELL)18 b Fc(.)d(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
15358 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15359 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)43 b Fb(63)150 4974 y Fe(BASH_VERSINFO)18
15360 b Fc(.)d(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15361 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)43
15362 b Fb(63)150 5066 y Fe(BASH_VERSION)22 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15363 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15364 h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fb(63)150 5157 y Fe(BASHPID)8
15365 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15366 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15367 h(.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fb(62)150 5249 y Fe(bell-style)24 b
15368 Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15369 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)47
15370 b Fb(97)150 5340 y Fe(bind-tty-special-chars)28 b Fc(.)12
15371 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15372 (.)f(.)48 b Fb(97)2025 299 y Fr(C)2025 417 y Fe(CDPATH)10
15373 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15374 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15375 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fb(61)2025 506 y Fe(COLUMNS)8 b Fc(.)14
15376 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15377 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15378 f(.)34 b Fb(63)2025 594 y Fe(comment-begin)18 b Fc(.)d(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f
15379 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15380 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(97)2025 683 y Fe(COMP_CWORD)24
15381 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15382 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48
15383 b Fb(63)2025 771 y Fe(COMP_KEY)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15384 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15385 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(64)2025
15386 860 y Fe(COMP_LINE)25 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15387 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15388 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fb(63)2025 948 y Fe(COMP_POINT)24
15389 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15390 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48
15391 b Fb(64)2025 1036 y Fe(COMP_TYPE)25 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
15392 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15393 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fb(64)2025 1125
15394 y Fe(COMP_WORDBREAKS)15 b Fc(.)g(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15395 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)40
15396 b Fb(64)2025 1213 y Fe(COMP_WORDS)24 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15397 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15398 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fb(64)2025 1302
15399 y Fe(completion-prefix-display-leng)q(th)9 b Fc(.)18
15400 b(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(97)2025
15401 1390 y Fe(completion-query-items)27 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15402 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)48
15403 b Fb(97)2025 1479 y Fe(COMPREPLY)25 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
15404 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15405 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fb(64)2025 1567
15406 y Fe(convert-meta)22 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15407 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15408 (.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fb(98)2025 1807 y Fr(D)2025 1925 y Fe(DIRSTACK)7
15409 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15410 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15411 g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(64)2025 2014 y Fe(disable-completion)10
15412 b Fc(.)17 b(.)12 b(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15413 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)36 b Fb(98)2025
15414 2272 y Fr(E)2025 2390 y Fe(editing-mode)22 b Fc(.)12
15415 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15416 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45
15417 b Fb(98)2025 2479 y Fe(EMACS)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15418 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15419 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37
15420 b Fb(64)2025 2567 y Fe(enable-keypad)18 b Fc(.)d(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15421 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15422 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(98)2025 2656 y Fe(EUID)13
15423 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15424 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15425 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(65)2025 2744 y Fe(expand-tilde)22
15426 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15427 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45
15428 b Fb(98)2025 3002 y Fr(F)2025 3121 y Fe(FCEDIT)10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f
15429 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15430 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35
15431 b Fb(65)2025 3209 y Fe(FIGNORE)8 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15432 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15433 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(65)2025
15434 3297 y Fe(FUNCNAME)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15435 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15436 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(65)2025 3537 y
15437 Fr(G)2025 3655 y Fe(GLOBIGNORE)24 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15438 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15439 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fb(65)2025 3744
15440 y Fe(GROUPS)10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15441 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15442 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b Fb(65)2025 3983 y Fr(H)2025
15443 4102 y Fe(histchars)25 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15444 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15445 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fb(65)2025 4190 y Fe(HISTCMD)8
15446 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15447 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15448 g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(65)2025 4279 y Fe(HISTCONTROL)23
15449 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15450 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)46
15451 b Fb(65)2025 4367 y Fe(HISTFILE)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15452 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15453 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(66)2025
15454 4456 y Fe(HISTFILESIZE)22 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15455 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15456 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fb(66)2025 4544 y Fe(HISTIGNORE)24
15457 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15458 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48
15459 b Fb(66)2025 4632 y Fe(history-preserve-point)27 b Fc(.)13
15460 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15461 (.)h(.)48 b Fb(98)2025 4721 y Fe(history-size)22 b Fc(.)12
15462 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15463 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45
15464 b Fb(98)2025 4809 y Fe(HISTSIZE)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15465 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15466 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(66)2025
15467 4898 y Fe(HISTTIMEFORMAT)16 b Fc(.)f(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15468 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
15469 (.)f(.)42 b Fb(66)2025 4986 y Fe(HOME)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
15470 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15471 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38
15472 b Fb(61)2025 5075 y Fe(horizontal-scroll-mode)27 b Fc(.)13
15473 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15474 (.)h(.)48 b Fb(98)2025 5163 y Fe(HOSTFILE)7 b Fc(.)14
15475 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15476 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15477 32 b Fb(66)2025 5252 y Fe(HOSTNAME)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15478 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15479 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(66)2025
15480 5340 y Fe(HOSTTYPE)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15481 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15482 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(66)p eop end
15483 %%Page: 154 160
15484 TeXDict begin 154 159 bop 150 -116 a Ft(154)2527 b(Bash)31
15485 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fr(I)150 423 y Fe(IFS)14
15486 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15487 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15488 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fb(61)150 515 y Fe(IGNOREEOF)25
15489 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15490 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15491 49 b Fb(66)150 606 y Fe(input-meta)24 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15492 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15493 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)47 b Fb(98)150 698
15494 y Fe(INPUTRC)8 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15495 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15496 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34 b Fb(67)150 789 y Fe
15497 (isearch-terminators)9 b Fc(.)17 b(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
15498 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)34
15499 b Fb(99)150 1044 y Fr(K)150 1168 y Fe(keymap)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)
15500 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15501 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35
15502 b Fb(99)150 1442 y Fr(L)150 1566 y Fe(LANG)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15503 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15504 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38
15505 b Fb(67)150 1658 y Fe(LC_ALL)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15506 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15507 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(67)150
15508 1749 y Fe(LC_COLLATE)24 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15509 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15510 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)47 b Fb(67)150 1840 y Fe(LC_CTYPE)7
15511 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15512 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15513 g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(67)150 1932 y Fe(LC_MESSAGES)14 b Fc(.)h(.)d(.)h(.)f(.)
15514 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15515 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)40 b Fb(7,)26 b(67)150
15516 2023 y Fe(LC_NUMERIC)e Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15517 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15518 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)47 b Fb(67)150 2114 y Fe(LINENO)10
15519 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15520 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15521 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(67)150 2206 y Fe(LINES)11 b Fc(.)j(.)e(.)g(.)g
15522 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15523 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37
15524 b Fb(67)150 2460 y Fr(M)150 2585 y Fe(MACHTYPE)7 b Fc(.)14
15525 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15526 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15527 32 b Fb(67)150 2676 y Fe(MAIL)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15528 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
15529 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38
15530 b Fb(61)150 2768 y Fe(MAILCHECK)25 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15531 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15532 h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fb(67)150 2859
15533 y Fe(MAILPATH)7 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15534 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15535 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)32 b Fb(61)150 2950 y Fe(mark-modified-lines)9
15536 b Fc(.)17 b(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15537 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)34 b Fb(99)150 3042
15538 y Fe(mark-symlinked-directories)17 b Fc(.)h(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15539 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(99)150 3133
15540 y Fe(match-hidden-files)10 b Fc(.)17 b(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15541 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36
15542 b Fb(99)150 3225 y Fe(meta-flag)25 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15543 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15544 h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fb(98)150 3498
15545 y Fr(O)150 3623 y Fe(OLDPWD)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15546 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15547 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(67)150
15548 3714 y Fe(OPTARG)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15549 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15550 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(61)150 3805
15551 y Fe(OPTERR)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15552 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15553 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(67)150 3897 y Fe(OPTIND)10
15554 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15555 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15556 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(61)150 3988 y Fe(OSTYPE)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g
15557 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15558 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35
15559 b Fb(67)150 4079 y Fe(output-meta)23 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15560 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15561 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b Fb(99)2025 299 y
15562 Fr(P)2025 415 y Fe(page-completions)13 b Fc(.)j(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15563 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15564 h(.)f(.)39 b Fb(99)2025 502 y Fe(PATH)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
15565 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15566 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38
15567 b Fb(61)2025 589 y Fe(PIPESTATUS)24 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15568 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15569 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fb(67)2025 677 y
15570 Fe(POSIXLY_CORRECT)15 b Fc(.)g(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15571 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)40
15572 b Fb(68)2025 764 y Fe(PPID)13 b Fc(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15573 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15574 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38
15575 b Fb(68)2025 851 y Fe(PROMPT_COMMAND)16 b Fc(.)f(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15576 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15577 (.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fb(68)2025 938 y Fe(PROMPT_DIRTRIM)16
15578 b Fc(.)f(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15579 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b
15580 Fb(68)2025 1026 y Fe(PS1)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15581 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
15582 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40
15583 b Fb(61)2025 1113 y Fe(PS2)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15584 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15585 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40
15586 b Fb(61)2025 1200 y Fe(PS3)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15587 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15588 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40
15589 b Fb(68)2025 1287 y Fe(PS4)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15590 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15591 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40
15592 b Fb(68)2025 1374 y Fe(PWD)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15593 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15594 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)40
15595 b Fb(68)2025 1607 y Fr(R)2025 1724 y Fe(RANDOM)10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f
15596 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15597 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35
15598 b Fb(68)2025 1811 y Fe(REPLY)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15599 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15600 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37
15601 b Fb(68)2025 1898 y Fe(revert-all-at-newline)28 b Fc(.)12
15602 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15603 (.)h(.)49 b Fb(100)2025 2131 y Fr(S)2025 2247 y Fe(SECONDS)8
15604 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15605 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15606 g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(68)2025 2334 y Fe(SHELL)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h
15607 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15608 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37
15609 b Fb(68)2025 2422 y Fe(SHELLOPTS)25 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
15610 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15611 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)49 b Fb(68)2025 2509
15612 y Fe(SHLVL)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15613 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15614 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fb(69)2025 2596
15615 y Fe(show-all-if-ambiguous)28 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15616 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fb(100)2025
15617 2683 y Fe(show-all-if-unmodified)26 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15618 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fb(100)2025
15619 2916 y Fr(T)2025 3032 y Fe(TEXTDOMAIN)25 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15620 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15621 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fb(7)2025
15622 3120 y Fe(TEXTDOMAINDIR)21 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15623 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15624 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)45 b Fb(7)2025 3207 y Fe(TIMEFORMAT)24
15625 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15626 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48
15627 b Fb(69)2025 3294 y Fe(TMOUT)11 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15628 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15629 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37
15630 b Fb(69)2025 3381 y Fe(TMPDIR)10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15631 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15632 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)35 b
15633 Fb(69)2025 3614 y Fr(U)2025 3730 y Fe(UID)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15634 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15635 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15636 (.)40 b Fb(69)2025 3963 y Fr(V)2025 4079 y Fe(visible-stats)17
15637 b Fc(.)e(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15638 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)43 b
15639 Fb(100)150 4353 y Fr(D.4)68 b(F)-11 b(unction)44 b(Index)150
15640 4675 y(A)150 4792 y Fe(abort)27 b(\(C-g\))8 b Fc(.)13
15641 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
15642 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34
15643 b Fb(112)150 4880 y Fe(accept-line)28 b(\(Newline)g(or)e(Return\))11
15644 b Fc(.)i(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)37 b Fb(107)150
15645 4968 y Fe(alias-expand-line)29 b(\(\))13 b Fc(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15646 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)39
15647 b Fb(114)150 5223 y Fr(B)150 5340 y Fe(backward-char)29
15648 b(\(C-b\))15 b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15649 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)41 b Fb(106)2025
15650 4675 y Fe(backward-delete-char)30 b(\(Rubout\))18 b Fc(.)c(.)f(.)f(.)g
15651 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44 b Fb(108)2025 4786
15652 y Fe(backward-kill-line)29 b(\(C-x)e(Rubout\))d Fc(.)12
15653 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)48 b Fb(109)2025
15654 4896 y Fe(backward-kill-word)29 b(\(\))12 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15655 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38
15656 b Fb(109)2025 5007 y Fe(backward-kill-word)29 b(\(M-)2873
15657 5004 y Fg(h)p 2898 4951 146 4 v 2898 5007 a Ff(DEL)p
15658 2898 5023 V 3040 5004 a Fg(i)3070 5007 y Fe(\))20 b Fc(.)12
15659 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)46 b
15660 Fb(109)2025 5118 y Fe(backward-word)28 b(\(M-b\))15 b
15661 Fc(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15662 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)41 b Fb(106)2025 5229 y Fe(beginning-of-history)
15663 30 b(\(M-<\))24 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15664 (.)f(.)g(.)49 b Fb(107)2025 5340 y Fe(beginning-of-line)29
15665 b(\(C-a\))9 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15666 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(106)p eop end
15667 %%Page: 155 161
15668 TeXDict begin 155 160 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29
15669 b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(155)150 299 y Fr(C)150 428 y Fe
15670 (call-last-kbd-macro)30 b(\(C-x)c(e\))10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15671 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fb(112)150 521
15672 y Fe(capitalize-word)29 b(\(M-c\))12 b Fc(.)h(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15673 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)38
15674 b Fb(109)150 615 y Fe(character-search)29 b(\(C-]\))10
15675 b Fc(.)k(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15676 g(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fb(113)150 708 y Fe(character-search-backward)31
15677 b(\(M-C-]\))12 b Fc(.)j(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)38
15678 b Fb(113)150 802 y Fe(clear-screen)28 b(\(C-l\))16 b
15679 Fc(.)e(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15680 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fb(106)150 896 y Fe(complete)27
15681 b(\()528 893 y Fg(h)p 553 839 148 4 v 553 896 a Ff(T)-6
15682 b(AB)p 553 911 V 697 893 a Fg(i)726 896 y Fe(\))18 b
15683 Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15684 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)44 b Fb(110)150
15685 989 y Fe(complete-command)29 b(\(M-!\))10 b Fc(.)k(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15686 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)36
15687 b Fb(111)150 1083 y Fe(complete-filename)29 b(\(M-/\))9
15688 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15689 (.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fb(111)150 1176 y Fe(complete-hostname)29
15690 b(\(M-@\))9 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15691 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fb(111)150 1270 y Fe(complete-into-braces)
15692 30 b(\(M-{\))24 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
15693 (.)f(.)g(.)49 b Fb(112)150 1363 y Fe(complete-username)29
15694 b(\(M-~\))9 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15695 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fb(111)150 1457 y Fe(complete-variable)29
15696 b(\(M-$\))9 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15697 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fb(111)150 1550 y Fe(copy-backward-word)30
15698 b(\(\))12 b Fc(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15699 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)38 b Fb(110)150 1644 y Fe(copy-forward-word)
15700 29 b(\(\))13 b Fc(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15701 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)39 b Fb(110)150 1737
15702 y Fe(copy-region-as-kill)30 b(\(\))10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15703 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)36
15704 b Fb(110)150 2022 y Fr(D)150 2151 y Fe(dabbrev-expand)29
15705 b(\(\))18 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15706 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(112)150
15707 2245 y Fe(delete-char)28 b(\(C-d\))18 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15708 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15709 h(.)43 b Fb(108)150 2338 y Fe(delete-char-or-list)30
15710 b(\(\))10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15711 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fb(111)150 2432 y Fe
15712 (delete-horizontal-space)31 b(\(\))23 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15713 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)49 b Fb(110)150 2525
15714 y Fe(digit-argument)29 b(\()p Fd(M-0)p Fe(,)e Fd(M-1)p
15715 Fe(,)f(...)g Fd(M--)p Fe(\))13 b Fc(.)h(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)39
15716 b Fb(110)150 2619 y Fe(display-shell-version)30 b(\(C-x)d(C-v\))c
15717 Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fb(114)150
15718 2712 y Fe(do-uppercase-version)30 b(\(M-a,)d(M-b,)f(M-)p
15719 Fd(x)p Fe(,)h(...)q(\))317 2799 y Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15720 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15721 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)39
15722 b Fb(112)150 2893 y Fe(downcase-word)29 b(\(M-l\))15
15723 b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15724 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)41 b Fb(108)150 2987 y Fe(dump-functions)29
15725 b(\(\))18 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15726 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(113)150
15727 3080 y Fe(dump-macros)28 b(\(\))22 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15728 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15729 h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fb(113)150 3174 y Fe(dump-variables)29
15730 b(\(\))18 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15731 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(113)150
15732 3267 y Fe(dynamic-complete-history)31 b(\(M-)1234 3264
15733 y Fg(h)p 1259 3211 V 1259 3267 a Ff(T)-6 b(AB)p 1259
15734 3282 V 1403 3264 a Fg(i)1432 3267 y Fe(\))10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h
15735 (.)f(.)36 b Fb(112)150 3552 y Fr(E)150 3681 y Fe
15736 (edit-and-execute-command)31 b(\(C-xC-e\))12 b Fc(.)j(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f
15737 (.)g(.)h(.)38 b Fb(114)150 3774 y Fe(end-kbd-macro)29
15738 b(\(C-x)d(\)\))19 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15739 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44 b Fb(112)150
15740 3868 y Fe(end-of-history)29 b(\(M->\))13 b Fc(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15741 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)39
15742 b Fb(107)150 3962 y Fe(end-of-line)28 b(\(C-e\))18 b
15743 Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15744 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(106)150 4055
15745 y Fe(exchange-point-and-mark)31 b(\(C-x)26 b(C-x\))21
15746 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fb(113)150
15747 4340 y Fr(F)150 4469 y Fe(forward-backward-delete-char)32
15748 b(\(\))15 b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)41
15749 b Fb(108)150 4562 y Fe(forward-char)28 b(\(C-f\))16 b
15750 Fc(.)e(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15751 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fb(106)150 4656 y Fe
15752 (forward-search-history)31 b(\(C-s\))20 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15753 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)46 b Fb(107)150 4749 y Fe(forward-word)28
15754 b(\(M-f\))16 b Fc(.)e(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15755 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fb(106)150
15756 5024 y Fr(G)150 5153 y Fe(glob-complete-word)30 b(\(M-g\))7
15757 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15758 (.)h(.)33 b Fb(113)150 5246 y Fe(glob-expand-word)c(\(C-x)e(*\))14
15759 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15760 f(.)40 b Fb(114)150 5340 y Fe(glob-list-expansions)30
15761 b(\(C-x)d(g\))8 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15762 (.)h(.)34 b Fb(114)2025 299 y Fr(H)2025 431 y Fe
15763 (history-and-alias-expand-line)e(\(\))14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15764 (.)h(.)f(.)40 b Fb(114)2025 526 y Fe(history-expand-line)30
15765 b(\(M-^\))25 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
15766 f(.)g(.)h(.)50 b Fb(114)2025 621 y Fe(history-search-backward)31
15767 b(\(\))23 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15768 (.)g(.)49 b Fb(107)2025 716 y Fe(history-search-forward)30
15769 b(\(\))25 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
15770 (.)g(.)h(.)50 b Fb(107)2025 1008 y Fr(I)2025 1140 y Fe(insert-comment)
15771 29 b(\(M-#\))13 b Fc(.)g(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15772 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fb(113)2025
15773 1235 y Fe(insert-completions)29 b(\(M-*\))7 b Fc(.)14
15774 b(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)34
15775 b Fb(111)2025 1330 y Fe(insert-last-argument)c(\(M-.)c(or)g(M-_\))8
15776 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(114)2025
15777 1622 y Fr(K)2025 1754 y Fe(kill-line)27 b(\(C-k\))22
15778 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15779 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)47 b Fb(109)2025
15780 1849 y Fe(kill-region)28 b(\(\))22 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15781 (.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15782 g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fb(110)2025 1944 y Fe(kill-whole-line)29
15783 b(\(\))16 b Fc(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15784 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(109)2025
15785 2039 y Fe(kill-word)27 b(\(M-d\))22 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15786 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15787 f(.)g(.)47 b Fb(109)2025 2321 y Fr(M)2025 2453 y Fe(magic-space)28
15788 b(\(\))22 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15789 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48
15790 b Fb(114)2025 2548 y Fe(menu-complete)28 b(\(\))20 b
15791 Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15792 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)45 b Fb(111)2025
15793 2840 y Fr(N)2025 2972 y Fe(next-history)28 b(\(C-n\))16
15794 b Fc(.)e(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15795 f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(107)2025 3067 y Fe
15796 (non-incremental-forward-search)q(-hist)q(ory)32 b(\(M-n\))2191
15797 3154 y Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15798 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
15799 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fb(107)2025 3249 y Fe
15800 (non-incremental-reverse-search)q(-hist)q(ory)32 b(\(M-p\))2191
15801 3337 y Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15802 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h
15803 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fb(107)2025 3610 y Fr(O)2025
15804 3742 y Fe(operate-and-get-next)30 b(\(C-o\))24 b Fc(.)12
15805 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)49
15806 b Fb(114)2025 3837 y Fe(overwrite-mode)29 b(\(\))18 b
15807 Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15808 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b Fb(109)2025 4119
15809 y Fr(P)2025 4251 y Fe(possible-command-completions)32
15810 b(\(C-x)26 b(!\))15 b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)41 b Fb(112)2025
15811 4346 y Fe(possible-completions)30 b(\(M-?\))24 b Fc(.)12
15812 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)49
15813 b Fb(111)2025 4441 y Fe(possible-filename-completions)32
15814 b(\(C-x)26 b(/\))14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fb(111)2025
15815 4536 y Fe(possible-hostname-completions)32 b(\(C-x)26
15816 b(@\))14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fb(111)2025 4631 y Fe
15817 (possible-username-completions)32 b(\(C-x)26 b(~\))14
15818 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fb(111)2025 4726 y Fe
15819 (possible-variable-completions)32 b(\(C-x)26 b($\))14
15820 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)40 b Fb(111)2025 4821 y Fe(prefix-meta)28
15821 b(\()2521 4818 y Fg(h)p 2545 4765 139 4 v 2545 4821 a
15822 Ff(ESC)p 2545 4836 V 2679 4818 a Fg(i)2709 4821 y Fe(\))19
15823 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15824 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fb(112)2025 4916 y Fe(previous-history)
15825 29 b(\(C-p\))10 b Fc(.)k(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15826 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fb(107)2025 5208 y Fr(Q)2025
15827 5340 y Fe(quoted-insert)28 b(\(C-q)f(or)f(C-v\))18 b
15828 Fc(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44
15829 b Fb(108)p eop end
15830 %%Page: 156 162
15831 TeXDict begin 156 161 bop 150 -116 a Ft(156)2527 b(Bash)31
15832 b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)150 299 y Fr(R)150 424 y Fe(re-read-init-file)e
15833 (\(C-x)e(C-r\))10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15834 (.)f(.)g(.)36 b Fb(112)150 516 y Fe(redraw-current-line)30
15835 b(\(\))10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15836 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fb(107)150 608 y Fe(reverse-search-history)
15837 31 b(\(C-r\))20 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15838 (.)46 b Fb(107)150 700 y Fe(revert-line)28 b(\(M-r\))18
15839 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15840 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(113)150 965
15841 y Fr(S)150 1091 y Fe(self-insert)28 b(\(a,)e(b,)g(A,)g(1,)h(!,)f(...\))
15842 12 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)38
15843 b Fb(108)150 1183 y Fe(set-mark)27 b(\(C-@\))c Fc(.)13
15844 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15845 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fb(113)150
15846 1275 y Fe(shell-backward-word)30 b(\(\))10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15847 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)36
15848 b Fb(106)150 1366 y Fe(shell-expand-line)29 b(\(M-C-e\))d
15849 Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)50
15850 b Fb(114)150 1458 y Fe(shell-forward-word)30 b(\(\))12
15851 b Fc(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15852 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)38 b Fb(106)150 1550 y Fe(shell-kill-word)29
15853 b(\(\))16 b Fc(.)d(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15854 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fb(109)150
15855 1642 y Fe(start-kbd-macro)29 b(\(C-x)e(\(\))16 b Fc(.)c(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15856 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42
15857 b Fb(112)150 1907 y Fr(T)2025 299 y Fe(tilde-expand)28
15858 b(\(M-&\))16 b Fc(.)e(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15859 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(113)2025
15860 386 y Fe(transpose-chars)29 b(\(C-t\))12 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15861 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38
15862 b Fb(108)2025 473 y Fe(transpose-words)29 b(\(M-t\))12
15863 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15864 g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fb(108)2025 725 y Fr(U)2025 841
15865 y Fe(undo)26 b(\(C-_)h(or)f(C-x)g(C-u\))14 b Fc(.)f(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15866 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)40
15867 b Fb(112)2025 929 y Fe(universal-argument)29 b(\(\))12
15868 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15869 g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)38 b Fb(110)2025 1016 y Fe(unix-filename-rubout)30
15870 b(\(\))9 b Fc(.)k(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15871 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(109)2025 1103 y Fe(unix-line-discard)29
15872 b(\(C-u\))9 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15873 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)35 b Fb(109)2025 1190 y Fe(unix-word-rubout)29
15874 b(\(C-w\))10 b Fc(.)k(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15875 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fb(109)2025 1278 y Fe(upcase-word)28
15876 b(\(M-u\))18 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15877 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)44 b
15878 Fb(108)2025 1530 y Fr(Y)2025 1646 y Fe(yank)26 b(\(C-y\))10
15879 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15880 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36
15881 b Fb(110)2025 1733 y Fe(yank-last-arg)28 b(\(M-.)f(or)f(M-_\))18
15882 b Fc(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15883 44 b Fb(108)2025 1820 y Fe(yank-nth-arg)28 b(\(M-C-y\))13
15884 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15885 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fb(107)2025 1907 y Fe(yank-pop)27
15886 b(\(M-y\))c Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15887 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48
15888 b Fb(110)150 2165 y Fr(D.5)68 b(Concept)45 b(Index)150
15889 2509 y(A)150 2630 y Fb(alias)27 b(expansion)20 b Fc(.)12
15890 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15891 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)45 b Fb(79)150
15892 2719 y(arithmetic)26 b(ev)l(aluation)f Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15893 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)50
15894 b Fb(78)150 2808 y(arithmetic)26 b(expansion)12 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)
15895 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15896 (.)f(.)g(.)38 b Fb(23)150 2898 y(arithmetic,)27 b(shell)20
15897 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15898 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)45
15899 b Fb(78)150 2987 y(arra)n(ys)6 b Fc(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
15900 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15901 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)32
15902 b Fb(80)150 3248 y Fr(B)150 3368 y Fb(bac)n(kground)23
15903 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
15904 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49
15905 b Fb(89)150 3457 y(Bash)26 b(con\014guration)11 b Fc(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15906 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15907 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fb(127)150 3547 y(Bash)26 b(installation)6
15908 b Fc(.)15 b(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
15909 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)32 b Fb(127)150
15910 3636 y(Bourne)26 b(shell)10 b Fc(.)j(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15911 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15912 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)36 b Fb(5)150 3725 y(brace)26
15913 b(expansion)d Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15914 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)48
15915 b Fb(18)150 3814 y(builtin)17 b Fc(.)c(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15916 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15917 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b
15918 Fb(3)150 4058 y Fr(C)150 4179 y Fb(command)26 b(editing)19
15919 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15920 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44 b Fb(94)150
15921 4268 y(command)26 b(execution)11 b Fc(.)h(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15922 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15923 37 b Fb(30)150 4357 y(command)26 b(expansion)d Fc(.)12
15924 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15925 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)48 b Fb(30)150 4447 y(command)26
15926 b(history)16 b Fc(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15927 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42
15928 b Fb(121)150 4536 y(command)26 b(searc)n(h)12 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15929 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15930 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)38 b Fb(30)150 4625 y(command)26
15931 b(substitution)e Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15932 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fb(23)150
15933 4715 y(command)26 b(timing)8 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15934 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15935 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(8)150 4804 y(commands,)26 b(comp)r(ound)8
15936 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15937 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(9)150 4893
15938 y(commands,)26 b(conditional)13 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15939 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)39
15940 b Fb(10)150 4983 y(commands,)26 b(grouping)15 b Fc(.)f(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f
15941 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)
15942 h(.)f(.)41 b Fb(13)150 5072 y(commands,)26 b(lists)6
15943 b Fc(.)14 b(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15944 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)32
15945 b Fb(9)150 5161 y(commands,)26 b(lo)r(oping)e Fc(.)12
15946 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15947 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)47 b Fb(10)150 5251 y(commands,)26
15948 b(pip)r(elines)17 b Fc(.)d(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15949 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43
15950 b Fb(8)150 5340 y(commands,)26 b(shell)16 b Fc(.)e(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15951 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15952 g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)42 b Fb(8)2025 2509 y(commands,)26
15953 b(simple)21 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15954 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)47
15955 b Fb(8)2025 2598 y(commen)n(ts,)26 b(shell)8 b Fc(.)13
15956 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15957 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34
15958 b Fb(7)2025 2687 y(completion)26 b(builtins)c Fc(.)13
15959 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15960 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fb(116)2025 2777 y(con\014guration)15
15961 b Fc(.)e(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15962 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42
15963 b Fb(127)2025 2866 y(con)n(trol)26 b(op)r(erator)c Fc(.)12
15964 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15965 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)47 b Fb(3)2025
15966 2955 y(copro)r(cess)6 b Fc(.)14 b(.)e(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15967 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15968 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)32 b Fb(14)2025 3214
15969 y Fr(D)2025 3334 y Fb(directory)26 b(stac)n(k)d Fc(.)13
15970 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15971 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)49 b Fb(81)2025
15972 3594 y Fr(E)2025 3713 y Fb(editing)26 b(command)g(lines)c
15973 Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15974 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)48 b Fb(94)2025 3802 y(en)n(vironmen)n(t)10
15975 b Fc(.)h(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15976 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)36
15977 b Fb(32)2025 3892 y(ev)l(aluation,)26 b(arithmetic)13
15978 b Fc(.)h(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
15979 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)39 b Fb(78)2025 3981 y(ev)n(en)n(t)24
15980 b(designators)18 b Fc(.)d(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15981 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)44
15982 b Fb(124)2025 4070 y(execution)25 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)19
15983 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
15984 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)46 b Fb(31)2025 4159 y(exit)25
15985 b(status)17 b Fc(.)c(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
15986 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15987 (.)43 b Fb(3,)26 b(33)2025 4248 y(expansion)16 b Fc(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15988 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
15989 h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b
15990 Fb(17)2025 4337 y(expansion,)26 b(arithmetic)20 b Fc(.)13
15991 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
15992 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)45 b Fb(23)2025 4426 y(expansion,)26
15993 b(brace)12 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
15994 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)38
15995 b Fb(18)2025 4515 y(expansion,)26 b(\014lename)18 b Fc(.)12
15996 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
15997 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)43 b Fb(24)2025 4604 y(expansion,)26
15998 b(parameter)c Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
15999 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)47 b Fb(20)2025
16000 4693 y(expansion,)26 b(pathname)8 b Fc(.)k(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
16001 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)34
16002 b Fb(24)2025 4782 y(expansion,)26 b(tilde)9 b Fc(.)j(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
16003 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
16004 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)35 b Fb(19)2025 4872 y(expressions,)27
16005 b(arithmetic)16 b Fc(.)d(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
16006 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)42 b Fb(78)2025
16007 4961 y(expressions,)27 b(conditional)22 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
16008 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)47
16009 b Fb(77)2025 5220 y Fr(F)2025 5340 y Fb(\014eld)21 b
16010 Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
16011 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
16012 g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)48 b Fb(3)p eop end
16013 %%Page: 157 163
16014 TeXDict begin 157 162 bop 150 -116 a Ft(App)s(endix)29
16015 b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(157)150 299 y Fb(\014lename)8 b
16016 Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
16017 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)
16018 f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)34 b Fb(3)150 398 y(\014lename)26 b(expansion)10
16019 b Fc(.)i(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
16020 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)36 b Fb(24)150
16021 497 y(foreground)20 b Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
16022 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
16023 h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)45 b Fb(89)150 596 y(functions,)26
16024 b(shell)d Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
16025 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)47
16026 b Fb(14)150 908 y Fr(H)150 1048 y Fb(history)26 b(builtins)16
16027 b Fc(.)c(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
16028 g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b
16029 Fb(121)150 1147 y(history)26 b(ev)n(en)n(ts)19 b Fc(.)13
16030 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
16031 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)46 b Fb(124)150
16032 1246 y(history)26 b(expansion)13 b Fc(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
16033 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
16034 g(.)39 b Fb(123)150 1345 y(history)26 b(list)18 b Fc(.)13
16035 b(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g
16036 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)44
16037 b Fb(121)150 1444 y(History)-6 b(,)26 b(ho)n(w)g(to)f(use)20
16038 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f
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16043 b Fb(3)150 1995 y(initialization)28 b(\014le,)e(readline)7
16044 b Fc(.)13 b(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
16045 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)33 b Fb(96)150 2094 y(installation)11
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16049 Fc(.)k(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
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16052 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
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16054 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
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16056 2686 y Fr(J)150 2826 y Fb(job)22 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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16060 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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16062 3236 y Fr(K)150 3377 y Fb(kill)g(ring)14 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
16063 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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16065 b Fb(95)150 3476 y(killing)27 b(text)16 b Fc(.)c(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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16067 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)42 b Fb(95)150
16068 3787 y Fr(L)150 3928 y Fb(lo)r(calization)10 b Fc(.)15
16069 b(.)e(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
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16074 4338 y Fr(M)150 4478 y Fb(matc)n(hing,)26 b(pattern)7
16075 b Fc(.)12 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
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16077 4577 y(metac)n(haracter)17 b Fc(.)d(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
16078 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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16080 Fb(name)21 b Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
16081 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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16083 y(nativ)n(e)25 b(languages)14 b Fc(.)h(.)d(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
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16086 b Fc(.)h(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
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16088 5522 y Fr(O)150 5662 y Fb(op)r(erator,)27 b(shell)15
16089 b Fc(.)e(.)g(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
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16092 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
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16094 b Fc(.)f(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
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16099 b(sp)r(ecial)e Fc(.)12 b(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
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16102 b(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
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16109 Fb(8)2025 1026 y(POSIX)8 b Fc(.)j(.)i(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
16110 (.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
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16112 1113 y(POSIX)24 b(Mo)r(de)10 b Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
16113 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
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16121 Fc(.)j(.)f(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
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16126 (.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)
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16131 2002 y(quoting,)26 b(ANSI)12 b Fc(.)f(.)h(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g
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16134 y Fb(Readline,)26 b(ho)n(w)g(to)g(use)14 b Fc(.)e(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
16135 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)
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16137 (.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)
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16139 2542 y(reserv)n(ed)25 b(w)n(ord)f Fc(.)13 b(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h
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16145 b(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f(.)g(.)h(.)f
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16164 b Fb(4)2025 3589 y(signal)27 b(handling)18 b Fc(.)13
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16203
16204 userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
16205 %%EOF