1 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-rc,
2 and the previous version, bash-4.1-beta.
6 a. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not return a partial value when it
7 encountered an error while converting an integer argument.
9 b. Fixed a bug that caused setting one of the compatNN options to not
12 c. The (undocumented) --wordexp option is no longer included by default.
14 d. Fixed a bug in conditional command execution that caused it to not
15 correctly ignore the exit status under certain circumstances.
17 e. Added a configure-time check for correctly-working asprintf/snprintf.
19 f. Fixed some problems with line number calculation and display when sourcing
20 a file in an interactive shell.
22 g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using `declare -A foo=bar'.
24 h. Fixed a bug that caused an off-by-one error when calculating the directories
25 to display with the PROMPT_DIRTRIM option.
27 2. Changes to Readline
29 a. Fixed a bug that caused applications using the callback interface to not
30 react to SIGINT (or other signals) until another character arrived.
32 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-beta,
34 and the previous version, bash-4.1-alpha.
38 a. Fixed a bug in mapfile that caused the shell to crash if it was passed the
39 name of an associative array.
41 b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to incorrectly split case patterns if
42 they contained characters in $IFS.
44 c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? to the wrong value when using
45 a construct ending with a variable assignment with set -x enabled and PS4
46 containing a command substitution.
48 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to read commands incorrectly if an
49 expansion error occurred under certain conditions in a user-specified
52 e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to set $? incorrectly if a parse error
53 occurred in an evaluation context ("eval", trap command, dot script, etc.)
55 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt command substitution
56 completion within a single-quoted string.
58 g. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to insert an extra single quote during
61 h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash if invoked with the environment
62 variable EMACS having a null value.
64 i. Fixed a bug that caused bash to incorrectly report the presence of new
65 mail in a `maildir' environment.
67 j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not recognize a here-document ending
68 delimiter inside a command substitution.
70 k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when a a dynamic array variable
71 was assigned a scalar value.
73 2. Changes to Readline
75 3. New Features in Bash
77 a. The mapfile/readarray builtin no longer stores the commands it invokes via
78 callbacks in the history list.
80 b. There is a new `compat40' shopt option.
82 c. The < and > operators to [[ do string comparisons using the current locale
83 only if the compatibility level is greater than 40 (set to 41 by default).
85 4. New Features in Readline
87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
88 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-alpha,
89 and the previous version, bash-4.0-release.
93 a. Fixed bugs in the parser involving new parsing of the commands contained
94 in command substitution when the substitution is read.
96 b. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing programmable
97 completion using a shell function.
99 c. Fixed a bug in `mapfile' that caused it to invoke callbacks at the wrong
102 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when listing jobs in the
105 e. Fixed several bugs encountered when reading subscripts in associative
106 array assignments and expansions.
108 f. Fixed a bug that under some circumstances caused an associative array to
109 be converted to an indexed array.
111 g. Fixed a bug that caused syntax errors and SIGINT interrupts to not set
114 h. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to remove FIFOs associated with process
115 substitution inside shell functions.
117 i. Fixed a bug that caused terminal attributes to not be reset when the
118 `read' builtin timed out.
120 j. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused unwanted zero padding of the
123 k. Fixed a bug that prevented the |& construct from working as intended when
124 used with a simple command with additional redirections.
126 l. Fixed a bug with the case statment ;& terminator that caused the shell to
127 dereference a NULL pointer.
129 m. Fixed a bug that caused assignment statements or redirections preceding
130 a simple command name to inhibit alias expansion.
132 n. Fixed the behavior of `set -u' to conform to the latest Posix interpretation:
133 every expansion of an unset variable except $@ and $* will cause the
136 o. Fixed a bug that caused double-quoted expansions of $* inside word
137 expansions like ${x#$*} to not expand properly when $IFS is empty.
139 p. Fixed a bug that caused traps to set $LINENO to the wrong value when they
142 q. Fixed a bug that caused off-by-one errors when computing history lines in
145 r. Fixed a bug that caused some terminating signals to not exit the shell
146 quickly enough, forcing the kernel to send the signal (e.g., SIGSEGV)
149 s. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to add empty lines to the
150 history list when reading here documents.
152 t. Made some internal changes that dramatically speeds up sequential indexed
155 u. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to write past the end of a string when
156 completing a double-quoted string ending in a backslash.
158 v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to replace too many characters when a
159 pattern match was null in a ${foo//bar} expansion.
161 w. Fixed bugs in the expansion of ** that caused duplicate directory names
162 and the contents of the current directory to be omitted.
164 x. Fixed a bug that caused $? to not be set correctly when referencing an
165 unset variable with set -u and set -e enabled.
167 y. Fixed a bug caused by executing an external program from the DEBUG trap
168 while a pipeline was running. The effect was to disturb the pipeline
169 state, occasionally causing it to hang.
171 z. Fixed a bug that caused the ** glob expansion to dump core if it
172 encountered an unsearchable directory.
174 aa. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' and `command -V' to not honor the
175 path set by the -p option.
177 bb. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to take place too soon in some
178 compound array assignments.
180 cc. Fixed a bug that caused programmable completion functions' changes to
181 READLINE_POINT to not be reflected back to readline.
183 dd. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core if a trap was executed
184 during a shell assignment statement.
186 ee. Fixed an off-by-one error when computing the number of positional
187 parameters for the ${@:0:n} expansion.
189 ff. Fixed a problem with setting COMP_CWORD for programmable completion
190 functions that could leave it set to -1.
192 gg. Fixed a bug that caused the ERR trap to be triggered in some cases where
193 `set -e' would not have caused the shell to exit.
195 hh. Fixed a bug that caused changes made by `compopt' to not persist past the
196 completion function in which compopt was executed.
198 ii. Fixed a bug that caused the list of hostname completions to not be cleared
199 when HOSTNAME was unset.
201 jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable expansion in here documents to look in
202 any temporary environment.
204 kk. Bash and readline can now convert file names between precomposed and
205 decomposed Unicode on Mac OS X ("keyboard" and file system forms,
206 respectively). This affects filename completion (using new
207 rl_filename_rewrite_hook), globbing, and readline redisplay.
209 ll. The ERR and EXIT traps now see a non-zero value for $? when a parser
210 error after set -e has been enabled causes the shell to exit.
212 mm. Fixed a bug that in brace expansion that caused zero-prefixed terms to
213 not contain the correct number of digits.
215 nn. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to free non-allocated memory when
216 unsetting an associative array which had had a value implicitly assigned
219 oo. Fixed a memory leak in the ${!prefix@} expansion.
221 pp. Fixed a bug that caused printf to not correctly report all write errors.
223 qq. Fixed a bug that caused single and double quotes to act as delimiters
224 when splitting a command line into words for programmable completion.
226 rr. Fixed a bug that caused ** globbing that caused **/path/* to match every
227 directory, not just those matching `path'.
229 ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when running `help' without
230 arguments if the terminal width was fewer than 7 characters.
232 2. Changes to Readline
234 a. The SIGWINCH signal handler now avoids calling the redisplay code if
235 one arrives while in the middle of redisplay.
237 b. Changes to the timeout code to make sure that timeout values greater
238 than one second are handled better.
240 c. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that was triggered by a prompt
241 containing invisible characters exactly the width of the screen.
243 d. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code encountered when running in horizontal
246 e. Fixed a bug that prevented menu completion from properly completing
249 f. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by a multibyte character causing a line to
252 g. Fixed a bug that caused key sequences of two characters to not be
253 recognized when a longer sequence identical in the first two characters
256 h. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be attempted on $'...'
257 single-quoted strings.
259 i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect redisplay when the prompt contained
260 multibyte characters in an `invisible' sequence bracketed by \[ and
263 j. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to short-circuit after
264 encountering a multibyte character.
266 3. New Features in Bash
268 a. Here-documents within $(...) command substitutions may once more be
269 delimited by the closing right paren, instead of requiring a newline.
271 b. Bash's file status checks (executable, readable, etc.) now take file
272 system ACLs into account on file systems that support them.
274 c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid
275 shell variable names through into the environment passed to child
278 d. The `execute-unix-command' readline function now attempts to clear and
279 reuse the current line rather than move to a new one after the command
282 e. `printf -v' can now assign values to array indices.
284 f. New `complete -E' and `compopt -E' options that work on the "empty"
285 completion: completion attempted on an empty command line.
287 g. New complete/compgen/compopt -D option to define a `default' completion:
288 a completion to be invoked on command for which no completion has been
289 defined. If this function returns 124, programmable completion is
290 attempted again, allowing a user to dynamically build a set of completions
291 as completion is attempted by having the default completion function
292 install individual completion functions each time it is invoked.
294 h. When displaying associative arrays, subscripts are now quoted.
296 i. Changes to dabbrev-expand to make it more `emacs-like': no space appended
297 after matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent history entries
300 j. The [[ and (( commands are now subject to the setting of `set -e' and the
303 k. The source/. builtin now removes NUL bytes from the file before attempting
306 l. There is a new configuration option (in config-top.h) that forces bash to
307 forward all history entries to syslog.
309 m. A new variable $BASHOPTS to export shell options settable using `shopt' to
312 n. There is a new confgure option that forces the extglob option to be
315 o. New variable $BASH_XTRACEFD; when set to an integer bash will write xtrace
316 output to that file descriptor.
318 p. If the optional left-hand-side of a redirection is of the form {var}, the
319 shell assigns the file descriptor used to $var or uses $var as the file
320 descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.
322 q. The < and > operators to the [[ conditional command now do string
323 comparison according to the current locale.
325 r. Programmable completion now uses the completion for `b' instead of `a'
326 when completion is attempted on a line like: a $(b c.
328 s. Force extglob on temporarily when parsing the pattern argument to
329 the == and != operators to the [[ command, for compatibility.
331 t. Changed the behavior of interrupting the wait builtin when a SIGCHLD is
332 received and a trap on SIGCHLD is set to be Posix-mode only.
334 u. The read builtin has a new `-N nchars' option, which reads exactly NCHARS
335 characters, ignoring delimiters like newline.
337 4. New Features in Readline
339 a. New bindable function: menu-complete-backward.
341 b. In the vi insertion keymap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete by default,
342 and C-p to menu-complete-backward.
344 c. When in vi command mode, repeatedly hitting ESC now does nothing, even
345 when ESC introduces a bound key sequence. This is closer to how
346 historical vi behaves.
348 d. New bindable function: skip-csi-sequence. Can be used as a default to
349 consume key sequences generated by keys like Home and End without having
352 e. New application-settable function: rl_filename_rewrite_hook. Can be used
353 to rewite or modify filenames read from the file system before they are
354 compared to the word to be completed.
356 f. New bindable variable: skip-completed-text, active when completing in the
357 middle of a word. If enabled, it means that characters in the completion
358 that match characters in the remainder of the word are "skipped" rather
359 than inserted into the line.
361 g. The pre-readline-6.0 version of menu completion is available as
362 "old-menu-complete" for users who do not like the readline-6.0 version.
364 h. New bindable variable: echo-control-characters. If enabled, and the
365 tty ECHOCTL bit is set, controls the echoing of characters corresponding
366 to keyboard-generated signals.
368 i. New bindable variable: enable-meta-key. Controls whether or not readline
369 sends the smm/rmm sequences if the terminal indicates it has a meta key
370 that enables eight-bit characters.
372 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
373 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-release,
374 and the previous version, bash-4.0-rc1.
378 a. Changed the message printed when setlocale(3) fails to only include the
379 strerror error text if the call changes errno.
381 b. Changed trap command execution to reset the line number before running a
382 trap (except DEBUG and RETURN traps).
384 c. Fixed behavior of case-modifiying word expansions to not work on
385 individual words within a variable's value.
387 d. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not be interruptible when run in an
390 e. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not run callbacks for the first line
393 f. Fixed a bug that caused mapfile to not honor EOF typed in an interactive
396 g. Fixed the coprocess reaping code to not run straight from a signal handler.
398 h. Fixed a bug that caused printf -b to ignore the first % conversion specifier
399 in the format string on 64-bit systems.
401 i. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting when `:', `=', or `~'
404 j. Fixed a bug that caused data corruption in the programmable completion code
405 when a shell function called from a completion aborted execution.
407 k. Fixed a bug that caused the CPU usage reported by the `time' builtin to be
410 l. Changed behavior of shell when -e option is in effect to reflect consensus
411 of Posix shell standardization working group.
413 m. Fixed a bug introduced in bash-4.0-alpha that caused redirections to not
414 be displayed by `type' or `declare' when appearing in functions under
415 certain circumstances.
417 2. Changes to Readline
419 a. Fixed a bug that caused !(...) extended glob patterns to inhibit later
422 b. Reworked the signal handling to avoid calling disallowed functions from a
425 3. New Features in Bash
427 a. `readarray' is now a synonym for `mapfile'.
428 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
429 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1,
430 and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2.
434 a. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when a $()-style command
435 substitution was follwed immediately by a quoted newline.
437 b. Fixed a bug that caused extended shell globbing patterns beginning with
438 `*(' to not work when used with pattern substitution word expansions.
440 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
441 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta2,
442 and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta.
446 a. Fixed a bug that caused failed word expansions to set $? but not
449 b. Changed filename completion to quote the tilde in a filename with a
450 leading tilde that exists in the current directory.
452 c. Fixed a bug that caused a file descriptor leak when performing
453 redirections attached to a compound command.
455 d. Fixed a bug that caused expansions of $@ and $* to not exit the shell if
456 the -u option was enabled and there were no posititional parameters.
458 e. Fixed a bug that resulted in bash not terminating immediately if a
459 terminating signal was received while performing output.
461 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after creating 256 process
462 substitutions during word completion.
464 2. Changes to Readline
466 a. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible
467 characters and numeric arguments to a command in a multibyte locale.
469 b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible
470 characters spanning more than two physical screen lines.
472 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
473 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta,
474 and the previous version, bash-4.0-alpha.
478 a. Fixed a typo that caused a variable to be used before initialization
479 while parsing Posix-style command substitutions.
481 b. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? when the expansion of a parameter used
482 as part of a pattern removal expansion is empty, but part of a non-
485 c. Fixed a bug that could cause strings not converted to numbers by strtol
486 to be treated as if the conversion had been successful.
488 d. The `return' builtin now accepts no options and requires a `--' before
489 a negative return value, as Posix requires.
491 e. Fixed a bug that caused local variables to be created with the empty
492 string for a value rather than no value.
494 f. Changed behavior so the shell now acts as if it received an interrupt
495 when a pipeline is killed by SIGINT while executing a list.
497 g. Fixed a bug that caused `declare var' and `typeset var' to initialize
498 `var' to the empty string.
500 h. Changed `bind' builtin to print a warning but proceed if invoked when
501 line editing is not active.
503 i. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when the `errexit' option is
504 set and a command in a pipeline returns a non-zero exit status.
506 j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not run the exit trap in a command
507 run with `bash -c' under some circumstances.
509 k. Fixed a bug that caused parser errors to occasionally not set $? when
510 running commands with `eval'.
512 l. Fixed a bug that caused stray control characters when evaluating compound
513 array assignments containing $'\x7f' escapes.
515 m. Fixed a bug that caused redirections involving file descriptor 10 as the
516 target to behave incorrectly.
518 n. Fixed a bug that could cause memory to be freed multiple times when
519 assigning to COMP_WORDBREAKS.
521 o. Fixed a bug that could cause NULL pointer dereferences when COMP_WORDBREAKS
524 2. Changes to Readline
526 3. New Features in Bash
528 a. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
529 input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
531 b. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
534 c. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
535 which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
536 and honor shell quoting.
538 d. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
539 which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
540 as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
542 4. New Features in Readline
544 a. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters
545 corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received.
547 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
548 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-alpha,
549 and the previous version, bash-3.2-release.
553 a. Fixed several bugs in old-style `` command substitution parsing, including
554 comment parsing and quoted string handling.
556 b. Fixed problems parsing arguments to the [[ command's =~ regular expression
557 matching operator: metacharacter and whitespace parsing.
559 c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately reuse high-numbered
560 file descriptors it used internally.
562 d. Fixed a bug in pattern replacement word expansions that caused a `/' as
563 the first character of an expanded pattern to be mistaken for a global
564 replacement specifier.
566 e. Fixed several problems with the asprintf and snprintf replacement functions
567 that caused hangs and crashes.
569 f. Fixed a bug in the calculation of the current and previous job that caused
570 it to refer to incorrect jobs.
572 g. Fixed a bug in the check for the validity of a hashed command pathname that
573 caused unnecessary hash table deletions and additions.
575 h. Fixed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value for $!.
577 i. Fixed a bug that caused `.' to fail to read and execute commands from non-
578 regular files such as devices or named pipes.
580 j. Fixed a bug in printf formatting for the %x and %X expansions that occurred
583 k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporary files if
584 $TMPDIR named a non-writable directory.
586 l. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore $TMPDIR when creating temporary
587 files under some circumstances.
589 m. Fixed a bug that caused named pipes created by process substitution to not
592 n. Fixed a bug that caused HISTTIMEFORMAT to not be honored when it appeared
593 in the initial shell environment.
595 o. Fixed several bugs in the expansion of $* and $@ (quoted and unquoted)
596 when IFS is null or contains non-whitespace characters; the same changes
597 apply to arrays subscripted with * or @.
599 p. Fixed several problems with pattern substitution expansions on the
600 positional parameters and arrays subscripted with * or @ that occurred
601 when $IFS was set to the empty string.
603 q. Made a change to the default locale initialization code that should
604 result in better behavior from the locale-aware library functions.
606 r. Fixed a bug that caused compacting the jobs list to drop jobs.
608 s. Fixed a bug that caused jumps back to the top-level processing loop from
609 a builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state.
611 t. Fixed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internally to be
612 doubled when escaped with a backslash.
614 u. Fixed the initialization of mailboxes to not cause maildirs to be read
615 (and stat(2) called for every message file) at shell startup.
617 v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not display $PS2 when the read builtin
618 reads a line continued with a backslash.
620 w. Fixed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when $IFS contained
621 characters used for internal quoting.
623 x. Fixed bugs that caused problems with output from shell builtins not being
624 completely displayed on some systems.
626 y. Fixed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on
627 the shell's output file descriptor.
629 z. Fixed bugs caused by shell builtins not checking for all write errors.
631 aa. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to dump core if expansions on the
632 pattern passed to the pattern removal word expansions resulted in expansion
635 bb. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop infinitely after creating and
636 waiting for 4096 jobs.
638 cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to lose the status of a background job under
639 certain circumstances.
641 dd. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not look in the temporary environment
642 when performing variable lookup under certain circumstances.
644 ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close file descriptors greater than 10
645 when they were used in redirections.
647 ff. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read from the standard
648 input when called as `bash -i script'.
650 gg. Fixed a memory leak and variable initialization problems when the -v option
651 was supplied to `printf' that could cause incorrect results.
653 hh. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to count bytes when the -n option
654 was supplied, rather than (possibly multibyte) characters.
656 ii. Fixed a bug when displaying a function due to not converting the function
659 jj. Changed job control initialization to ensure that the shell has a tty
660 as its controlling terminal before enabling job control.
662 kk. Fixed a bug with the `test' builtin that caused it to misinterpret
663 arguments beginning with `-' but containing more than one character.
665 ll. Fixed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where
666 a command sets the SIGINT disposition to the default.
668 mm. Fixed a bug in the pattern replacement (affecting both word expansion
669 and the `fc' builtin) that occurred when the pattern and replacement
672 nn. Fixed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all
675 oo. Fixed a bug in pathname expansion that caused it to interpret backslashes
676 in the pathname as quoting characters.
678 pp. Fixed a bug in the replacement getcwd() implementation that could cause
679 memory to be overwritten.
681 qq. When in Posix mode, the `ulimit' builtin now uses a block size of 512 for
682 the `-c' and `-f' options.
684 rr. Brace expansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged.
686 ss. Fixed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid quoting
687 escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde.
689 tt. Fixed a problem in the printf builtin that resulted in single-byte
690 output for the "'" escape, even when using multibyte characters.
692 uu. Fixed a bug that caused the failure exit status to be lost when redirections
693 attached to a compound command failed.
695 vv. Fixed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be
696 re-seeded correctly when creating a subshell.
698 ww. Fixed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite
701 xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not receive SIGINT if it was sent
702 while the shell was waiting for a command substitution to terminate, and
703 make sure the exit status is correct when it does.
705 yy. Fixed a bug that resulted in the second and subsequent children spawned
706 by a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the
709 zz. Fixed a bug that caused the results of successful tilde expansion to be
710 subject to pathname expansion and word splitting.
712 aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang if it encountered an
713 error that caused it to jump back to the top processing loop during a
714 command substitution or `eval' command.
716 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to use the tty's attributes
717 instead of those of the file descriptor passed with the -u option when
718 processing the -n and -d options.
720 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect expansion of ${array[@]:foo} if the
721 first character of $IFS was not whitespace.
723 ddd. Fixed a bug that occurred when scanning for the ending delimiter of a
724 ${parameter/pat/sub} expansion.
726 eee. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately expand command
727 substitutions in words when expanding directory names for completion.
729 fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to look too far back in the
730 history list under certain circumstances.
732 ggg. Fixed a bug that caused a shell running in Posix mode to search $PWD for
733 a file specified as an argument to source/. when the file was not found
736 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to modify the case of a command word
737 found via command completion when the shell was performing case-
738 insensitive completion.
740 iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to search $PATH for an argument to
741 source/. even when it contained a `/'.
743 jjj. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to misorder expansions when the
744 locale did not have a collating order like aAbBcC...zZ.
746 kkk. Fixed a bug that did not allow `set +o history' to have any effect when
747 run in a startup file or from a sourced file.
749 lll. Fixed a bug with the precedence of the ?: conditional arithmetic operator.
751 mmm. Fixed a bug that caused side effects of temporary variable assignments
752 to persist in the shell environment.
754 nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal to be left in non-canonical mode
755 when using editing commands that invoke the an editor on the current
758 ooo. Fixed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in $IFS to not
759 be quoted appropriately when displaying assignment statements.
761 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the `-e' option to be inherited when sourcing a
762 file or evaluating a command with `eval' even if the return value of the
763 command was supposed to be ignored.
765 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with
766 invalid names if such names appeared in the initial environment.
768 rrr. Fixed a bug with quote removal in strings where the final character is a
771 sss. Fixed a bug that caused the effects of special variables to persist even
772 when the variables were unset as part of the shell reinitializing itself
773 to execute a shell script.
775 ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the history to not be saved after `history -c' or
776 `history -d' was executed until a sufficient number of commands had been
777 saved to the history.
779 uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to Posix rules: parsing
780 the command contained in $() to find the closing delimiter.
782 vvv. Fixed a bug that caused traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler to
785 www. Fixed a bug that didn't allow SIGCHLD to interrupt the `wait' builtin
788 xxx. Invalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to
789 short-circuit any executing compound command.
791 yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status to be lost when `break' was
792 used to short-circuit a loop's execution.
794 zzz. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? characters to be left in expansions of
797 aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages for here documents terminated by
798 EOF and for identifying the incorrect token in an invalid arithmetic
801 bbbb. Fixed a bug in the variable length word expansion that caused it to
802 incorrectly calculate the number of multibyte characters.
804 cccc. Fixed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting
805 the terminal's process group to an incorrect value if the process
806 group was changed by a child of a child of the shell.
808 dddd. Fixed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a
809 compound command to be displayed in a syntactially-incorrect form, which
810 prevented them from being re-read as input.
812 eeee. The shell displays more warnings about failures to set the locale.
814 ffff. Fixed a bug that caused the body of a here-document to not be saved to
817 gggg. Fixed a bug that caused configure to incorrectly conclude that FreeBSD
818 had /dev/fd available, resulting in problems with process substitution.
820 2. Changes to Readline
822 a. Fixed a number of redisplay errors in environments supporting multibyte
825 b. Fixed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriately
828 c. When using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement
829 beyond the current end of the line (unlike command mode).
831 d. Fixed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taken
832 away and reads return -1/EIO.
834 e. Fixed bugs in redisplay occurring when displaying prompts containing
835 invisible characters.
837 f. Fixed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to
838 the default after an application-specified completion function changed it.
840 g. Fixed a problem that caused incorrect positioning of the cursor while in
841 emacs editing mode when moving forward at the end of a line while using
842 a locale supporting multibyte characters.
844 h. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused readline to drop every 511th
845 character of buffered input.
847 i. Fixed a bug that resulted in SIGTERM not being caught or cleaned up.
849 j. Fixed redisplay bugs caused by multiline prompts with invisible characters
850 or no characters following the final newline.
852 k. Fixed redisplay bug caused by prompts consisting solely of invisible
855 l. Fixed a bug in the code that buffers characters received very quickly in
856 succession which caused characters to be dropped.
858 m. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference uninitialized data structures
859 if it received a SIGWINCH before completing initialzation.
861 n. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly
862 and therefore unrepeatable.
864 o. Fixed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used
865 with an output file descriptor that was not a terminal.
867 p. Readline now blocks SIGINT while manipulating internal data structures
870 q. Fixed a bug in redisplay that caused readline to segfault when pasting a
871 very long line (over 130,000 characters).
873 r. Fixed bugs in redisplay when using prompts with no visible printing
876 3. New Features in Bash
878 a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
879 index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
881 b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically
882 rather than horizontally.
884 c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
887 d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
888 to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
891 e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
892 report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
894 f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
895 a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
897 g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
898 the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
900 h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash
901 will try again several times before reporting failure.
903 i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
904 readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
906 j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
907 Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
909 k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
910 in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also
911 results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
912 string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out,
913 it returns an exit status greater than 128.
915 l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
916 new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently
917 restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
918 of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
920 m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
923 n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes
924 (or function values and attributes if used with -f).
926 o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
927 completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
930 p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
931 buffer when using readline.
933 q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
934 behavior for completion on an empty line.
936 r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
939 s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly
940 follow man page format.
942 t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
943 and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
945 u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
948 v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
949 named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
952 w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code
953 treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
954 them, when appropriate) recursively.
956 x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename
957 completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
960 y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
963 z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
964 will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
965 same number of digits.
967 aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
968 It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
970 bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
971 variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
972 and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line
973 and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
976 cc. There is a new &>> redirection operator, which appends the standard output
977 and standard error to the named file.
979 dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
980 the standard error for a command through a pipe.
982 ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
983 continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
984 statement rather than terminating the command.
986 ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
987 test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
988 action, rather than terminating the command.
990 gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an
991 integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will
992 retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
993 the intervening characters with `...'.
995 hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
996 lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or
997 array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern
998 that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally-
999 configured feature to include capitalization operators.
1001 ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
1002 support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
1004 jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
1005 assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
1006 There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
1009 kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
1010 asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
1011 Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the
1012 PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
1013 with coproc-specific names.
1015 4. New Features in Readline
1017 a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit
1018 match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if
1019 applications do this).
1021 b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover
1022 the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete.
1024 c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and
1025 available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections
1028 d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and
1029 available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state
1032 e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum
1033 number of entries in the history list.
1035 f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements
1036 over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions
1039 g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function
1040 variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion
1043 h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when
1044 displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the
1045 `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix
1046 longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'.
1048 i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will
1049 undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is
1052 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1053 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release,
1054 and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta.
1058 a. Fixed a bug that caused the temporary environment passed to a command to
1059 affect the shell's environment under certain circumstances.
1061 b. Fixed a bug in the printf builtin that caused the %q format specifier to
1062 ignore empty string arguments.
1064 c. Improved multibyte character environment detection at configuration time.
1066 d. Fixed a bug in the read builtin that left spurious escape characters in the
1067 input after processing backslashes when assigning to an array variable.
1069 2. Changes to Readline
1071 a. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred in multibyte-capable locales when the
1072 prompt was one character longer than the screen width.
1073 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1074 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-beta,
1075 and the previous version, bash-3.2-alpha.
1079 a. Changed the lexical analyzer to treat locale-specific blank characters as
1082 b. Fixed a bug in command printing to avoid confusion between redirections and
1083 process substitution.
1085 c. Fixed problems with cross-compiling originating from inherited environment
1088 d. Added write error reporting to printf builtin.
1090 e. Fixed a bug in the variable expansion code that could cause a core dump in
1091 a multi-byte locale.
1093 f. Fixed a bug that caused substring expansion of a null string to return
1096 g. BASH_COMMAND now retains its previous value while executing commands as the
1097 result of a trap, as the documentation states.
1099 2. Changes to Readline
1101 a. Fixed a bug with prompt redisplay in a multi-byte locale to avoid redrawing
1102 the prompt and input line multiple times.
1104 b. Fixed history expansion to not be confused by here-string redirection.
1106 c. Readline no longer treats read errors by converting them to newlines, as
1107 it does with EOF. This caused partial lines to be returned from readline().
1109 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1110 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha,
1111 and the previous version, bash-3.1-release.
1115 a. Fixed a source bug that caused the minimal configuration to not compile.
1117 b. Fixed memory leaks in error handling for the `read' builtin.
1119 c. Changed the [[ and (( compound commands to set PIPESTATUS with their exit
1122 d. Fixed some parsing problems with compound array assignments.
1124 e. Added additional configuration changes for: NetBSD (incomplete multibyte
1127 f. Fixed two bugs with local array variable creation when shadowing a variable
1128 of the same name from a previous context.
1130 g. Fixed the `read' builtin to restore the correct set of completion functions
1131 if a timeout occurs.
1133 h. Added code to defer the initialization of HISTSIZE (and its stifling of the
1134 history list) until the history file is loaded, allowing a startup file to
1135 override the default value.
1137 i. Tightened up the arithmetic expression parsing to produce better error
1138 messages when presented with invalid operators.
1140 j. Fixed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell
1141 invocation rather than compile time if cross-compiling.
1143 k. Fixed multibyte support for non-gcc compilers (or compilers that do not
1144 allow automatic array variable sizing based on a non-constant value).
1146 l. Several fixes to the code that manages the list of terminated jobs and
1147 their exit statuses, and the list of active and recently-terminated jobs
1148 to avoid pid aliasing/wraparound and allocation errors.
1150 m. Fixed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to SIGINT while waiting
1151 for children, even when started in the background or otherwise ignoring
1154 n. Fixed a bug that caused shells invoked as -/bin/bash from not being
1155 recognized as login shells.
1157 o. Fixed a problem that caused shells in the background to give the terminal
1158 to a process group other than the foreground shell process group.
1160 p. Fixed a problem with extracting the `varname' in ${#varname}.
1162 q. Fixed the code that handles SIGQUIT to not exit immediately -- thereby
1163 calling functions that may not be called in a signal handler context --
1164 but set a flag and exit afterward (like SIGINT).
1166 r. Changed the brace expansion code to skip over braces that don't begin a
1167 valid matched brace expansion construct.
1169 s. Fixed `typeset' and `declare' to not require that their shell function
1170 operands to be valid shell identifiers.
1172 t. Changed `test' to use access(2) with a temporary uid/euid swap when testing
1173 file attributes and running setuid, and access(2) in most other cases.
1175 u. Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line
1176 consisting solely of whitespace when no_empty_command_completion is set.
1178 v. The `hash' builtin now prints nothing in posix mode when the hash table is
1179 empty, and prints a message to that effect to stdout instead of stderr
1180 when not in posix mode.
1182 w. Fixed a bug in the extended pattern matching code that caused it to fail to
1183 match periods with certain patterns.
1185 x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing filename
1186 generation in directories with thousands of files.
1188 y. Returned to the original Bourne shell rules for parsing ``: no recursive
1189 parsing of embedded quoted strings or ${...} constructs.
1191 z. The inheritence of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent only
1192 on the settings of the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, rather
1193 than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode.
1195 aa. Fixed a problem with $HOME being converted to ~ in the expansion of
1196 members of the DIRSTACK array.
1198 bb. Fixed a problem with quoted arguments to arithmetic expansions in certain
1201 cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories
1202 while searching $PATH.
1204 dd. Fixed a bug with zero-padding and precision handling in snprintf()
1207 ee. Fixed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to take embedded
1208 shell comments into account.
1210 ff. Fixed a bug that caused $((...);(...)) to be misinterpreted as an
1211 arithmetic substitution.
1213 gg. Fixed a bug in the prompt expansion code that inappropriately added a
1214 \001 before a \002 under certain circumstances.
1216 hh. Fixed a bug that caused `unset LANG' to not properly reset the locale
1217 (previous versions would set the locale back to what it was when bash
1218 was started rather than the system's "native" locale).
1220 ii. Fixed a bug that could cause file descriptors > 10 to not be closed even
1221 when closed explicitly by a script.
1223 jj. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes to be stripped from ANSI-C quoting
1224 inside double-quoted command substitutions.
1226 kk. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when `return' was executed as the
1227 last element of a pipeline inside a shell function.
1229 ll. Fixed a bug that caused DEBUG trap strings to overwrite commands stored in
1232 2. Changes to Readline
1234 a. Fixed a problem that caused segmentation faults when using readline in
1235 callback mode and typing consecutive DEL characters on an empty line.
1237 b. Fixed several redisplay problems with multibyte characters, all having to
1238 do with the different code paths and variable meanings between single-byte
1239 and multibyte character redisplay.
1241 c. Fixed a problem with key sequence translation when presented with the
1244 d. Fixed a problem that prevented the `a' command in vi mode from being
1245 undone and redone properly.
1247 e. Fixed a problem that prevented empty inserts in vi mode from being undone
1250 f. Fixed a problem that caused readline to initialize with an incorrect idea
1251 of whether or not the terminal can autowrap.
1253 g. Fixed output of key bindings (like bash `bind -p') to honor the setting of
1254 convert-meta and use \e where appropriate.
1256 h. Changed the default filename completion function to call the filename
1257 dequoting function if the directory completion hook isn't set. This means
1258 that any directory completion hooks need to dequote the directory name,
1259 since application-specific hooks need to know how the word was quoted,
1260 even if no other changes are made.
1262 i. Fixed a bug with creating the prompt for a non-interactive search string
1263 when there are non-printing characters in the primary prompt.
1265 j. Fixed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn
1266 multiple times in a multibyte locale.
1268 k. Fixed a bug that could cause the key sequence scanning code to return the
1271 l. Fixed a problem with the callback interface that caused it to fail when
1272 using multi-character keyboard macros.
1274 m. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited history entry was
1275 re-executed under certain conditions.
1277 n. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference freed memory when attmpting
1278 to display a portion of the prompt.
1280 3. New Features in Bash
1282 a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the
1283 pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that
1284 combination doesn't make any sense.
1286 b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit
1287 process substitution.
1289 c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34].
1291 d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires.
1293 e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now
1294 checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character.
1296 f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces
1297 string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
1299 4. New Features in Readline
1301 a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing
1304 b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as
1305 the default last-ditch startup file.
1307 c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line
1310 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1311 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release,
1312 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2.
1314 1. Changes to Readline
1316 a. Several changes to the multibyte redisplay code to fix problems with
1317 prompts containing invisible characters.
1319 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1320 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2,
1321 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1.
1325 a. Fixed a bug that caused a DEBUG trap to overwrite a command string that's
1326 eventually attached to a background job.
1328 b. Changed some code so that filenames with leading tildes with spaces in the
1329 name aren't tilde-expanded by the bash completion code.
1331 c. Fixed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to fail to change to
1332 directories with leading `-'.
1334 d. Fixed a small memory leak in the programmable completion code.
1336 2. Changes to Readline
1338 a. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line
1339 with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale.
1341 b. Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the
1342 wrong keymap in vi mode.
1344 3. New Features in Bash
1346 a. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now
1347 override the true terminal size.
1349 4. New Features in Readline
1351 a. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES
1352 and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of
1353 what the kernel returns.
1355 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1356 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1,
1357 and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1.
1361 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current
1362 pipeline while in the middle of modifying it.
1364 b. Fixed a bug that caused pathnames with backslashes still quoting characters
1365 to be passed to opendir().
1367 c. Command word completion now obeys the setting of completion-ignore-case.
1369 d. Fixed a problem with redirection that caused file descriptors greater than
1370 2 to be inappropriately marked as close-on-exec.
1372 e. In Posix mode, after `wait' is called to wait for a particular process
1373 explicitly, that process is removed from the list of processes known to
1374 the shell, and subsequent attempts to wait for it return errors.
1376 f. Fixed a bug that caused extended pattern matching to incorrectly scan
1377 backslash-escaped pattern characters.
1379 g. Fixed a synchronization problem that could cause core dumps when handling
1382 h. Fixed a bug that caused an unmatched backquote to be accepted without an
1383 error when processing here documents.
1385 i. Fixed a small memory leak in the `cd' builtin.
1387 j. Fix for MacOS X so it gets the values for the HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, and
1388 OSTYPE variables at build time, to support universal binaries.
1390 k. Fixed a bug that could cause an exit trap to return the exit status of
1391 the trap command rather than the status as it was before the trap was
1392 run as the shell's exit status.
1394 2. New Features in Bash
1396 3. Changes to Readline
1398 a. Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to
1401 b. Fixed the vi-mode `U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode
1402 was entered, as Posix specifies.
1404 c. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `r' command that left the cursor in the wrong
1407 4. New Features in Readline
1409 a. New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns
1410 a string corresponding to a readline variable's value.
1412 b. When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser
1413 strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables
1414 before checking them.
1417 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1418 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1,
1419 and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1.
1423 a. Added some system-specific signal names.
1425 b. Fixed a typo in the ulimit builtin to make `x' the right option to
1426 maniuplate the limit on file locks.
1428 c. Fixed a problem with using += to append to index 0 of an array variable
1429 when not using subscript syntax.
1431 d. A few changes to configure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated
1434 e. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
1435 made when the variable is set in the temporary environment to a command.
1437 f. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
1438 made when the variable is modified using `printf -v'.
1440 g. The export environment is now remade on cygwin when HOME is changed, so
1441 DLLs bash is linked against pick up the new value. This fixes problems
1442 with tilde expansion when linking against and already-installed readline.
1444 h. Small fix to the logic for performing tilde expansion in posix mode, so
1445 expansion on the right-hand side of an assignment statement takes place.
1447 i. Fixed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell function
1448 from being executed when in a subshell.
1450 j. Fixed `source' and `.' builtins to not require an executable file when
1451 searching $PATH for a file to source.
1453 k. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a function when IFS
1454 was declared local, then unset.
1456 l. Fixed a problem with the `kill' builtin that prevented sending signals
1457 to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid < 0.
1459 m. When in POSIX mode, `pwd' now checks that the value it prints is the same
1460 directory as `.', even when displaying $PWD.
1462 n. Fixed a problem with the `read' builtin when reading a script from standard
1463 input and reading data from the same file.
1465 o. Fixed a problem with the `type' and `command' builtins that caused absolute
1466 pathnames to be displayed incorrectly.
1468 p. Some changes to the `bg' builtin for POSIX conformance.
1470 q. The `fc' builtin now removes the `fc' command that caused it to invoke an
1471 editor on specified history entries from the history entirely, rather than
1474 r. When in POSIX mode, the `v' command in vi editing mode simply invokes vi
1475 on the current command, rather than checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR.
1477 s. Fixed a small memory leak in the pathname canonicalization code.
1479 t. Fixed a bug that caused the expanded value of a $'...' string to be
1480 incorrectly re-quoted if it occurred within a double-quoted ${...}
1481 parameter expansion.
1483 u. Restored default emacs-mode key binding of M-TAB to dynamic-complete-history.
1485 v. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins
1488 w. Make sure that some of the functions bash provides replacements for are
1491 x. The code that scans embedded commands for the parser (`...` and $(...)) is
1492 now more aware of embedded comments and their effect on quoted strings.
1494 y. Changed the `-n' option to the `history' builtin to not reset the number of
1495 history lines read in the current session after reading the new lines from
1496 the history file if the history is being appended when it is written to
1497 the file, since the appending takes care of the problem that the adjustment
1498 was intended to solve.
1500 z. Improved the error message displayed when a shell script fails to execute
1501 because the environment and size of command line arguments are too large.
1503 aa. A small fix to make sure that $HISTCMD is evaluated whenever the shell is
1504 saving commands to the history list, not just when HISTSIZE is defined.
1506 2. Changes to Readline
1508 a. The `change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte
1511 b. Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows
1512 DLL naming conventions for Cygwin.
1514 c. Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed
1517 d. Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current
1518 undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing
1521 e. The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end of lines
1522 when assigning to boolean variables.
1524 f. The `C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte
1527 3. New Features in Bash
1529 a. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will
1530 build bash to be POSIX conforming by default.
1532 4. New Features in Readline
1534 a. If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never
1535 asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions.
1537 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1538 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1,
1539 and the previous version, bash-3.0-release.
1543 a. Fixed a bug that caused bash to crash if referencing an unset local array.
1545 b. Fixed a problem that caused tilde expansion to not be performed before
1546 attempting globbing word completion.
1548 c. Fixed an incompatibility so that a first argument to trap that's a valid
1549 signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to execute.
1551 d. Fixed ${#word} expansion to correctly compute the length of a string
1552 containing multibyte characters.
1554 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct flags for signal
1555 disposition to child processes.
1557 f. Fixed a bug that caused `fc -l' to list one too many history entries.
1559 g. Some fixes to `fc' for POSIX conformance.
1561 h. Some fixes to job status display for POSIX conformance.
1563 i. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' to display output if a command was not
1564 found -- it should be silent.
1566 j. In POSIX mode, `type' and `command -[vV]' do not report non-executable
1567 files, even if the shell will attempt to execute them.
1569 k. Fixed a bug that caused the `==' operator to the [[ command to not attempt
1570 extended pattern matching.
1572 l. Fixed the brace expansion code to handle characters whose value exceeds 128.
1574 m. Fixed `printf' to handle strings with a leading `\0' whose length is
1577 n. Fixed a couple of problems with brace expansion where `${' was handled
1580 o. Fixed off-by-one error when calculating the upper bound of `offset' when
1581 processing the ${array[@]:offset:length} expansion.
1583 p. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD 5.x, Interix, MacOS X
1584 10.4, Linux 2.4+ kernels, Linux 3.x kernels, Dragonfly BSD, QNX 6.x,
1587 q. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status of the rightmost
1588 command in a pipeline when the `pipefail' option was enabled.
1590 r. Fixed a completion bug that caused core dumps when expanding a directory
1593 s. Fixed a bug that prevented `hash -d' from removing commands from the hash
1596 t. Fixed word splitting to avoid really bad quadratic performance when
1597 expanding long lists.
1599 u. Fixed a bug that caused negative offsets in substring expansion to use the
1602 v. Fixed a bug in printf that caused it to not return failure on write errors.
1604 w. Fixed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properly timed.
1606 x. The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment specially
1607 unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing
1608 arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements.
1610 y. Fixed a problem that caused a `case' statement to be added to the history
1611 incorrectly as a single command if the `case word' was on one line and the
1614 z. Fixed a problem that caused internal shell quoting characters to be
1615 incorrectly quoted with backslashes under some circumstances.
1617 aa. The shell now performs correct word splitting when IFS contains multibyte
1620 bb. The mail checking code now resets the cached file information if the size
1621 drops to 0, even if the times don't change.
1623 cc. A completed command name that is found in $PATH as well as the name of a
1624 directory in the current directory no longer has a slash appended in certain
1625 circumstances: a single instance found in $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH,
1626 and multiple instances found in $PATH, even when `.' is in $PATH.
1628 dd. Incorporated tilde expansion into the word expansion code rather than as a
1629 separately-called function, fixing some cases where it was performed
1630 inappropriately (e.g., after the second `=' in an assignment statement or
1631 in a double-quoted parameter expansion).
1633 ee. Fixed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements,
1634 so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no
1635 longer double-expanded.
1637 ff. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused asynchronous commands
1638 containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong
1641 gg. Bash now handles the case where the WCONTINUED flag causes waitpid() to
1642 return -1/EINVAL at runtime as well as configuration time.
1644 hh. Fixed parser to generate an error when the pipeline `argument' to `!' or
1647 ii. The shell now takes a little more care when manipulating file descriptors
1648 greater than 9 with the `exec' builtin.
1650 jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the `command' builtin
1651 preceding a special builtin to be preserved after the command completed in
1654 kk. Fixed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created.
1656 ll. Fixed a bug that caused a \<newline> to be removed when parsing a $'...'
1659 mm. A shell whose name begins with `-' will now be a restricted shell if the
1660 remainder of the name indicates it should be restricted.
1662 nn. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if FUNCNAME were changed or unset
1663 during a function's execution.
1665 oo. Fixed a bug that caused executing a `return' in a function to not execute
1666 a RETURN trap. The RETURN trap is inherited by shell functions only if
1667 function tracing is globally enabled or has been enabled for that function.
1669 pp. Fixed cases where var[@] was not handled exactly like var, when var is a
1672 qq. Fixed a bug that caused the first character after a SIGINT to be discarded
1673 under certain circumstances.
1675 rr. Fixed exit status code so that a suspended job returns 128+signal as its
1676 exit status (preventing commands after it in `&&' lists from being
1679 ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed by executing
1680 a shell function as a result of word completion.
1682 tt. Fixed a long-standing bug that caused '\177' characters in variable
1683 values to be discarded when expanded in double-quoted strings.
1685 uu. Fixed a bug that caused $RANDOM to be re-seeded multiple times in a
1686 subshell environment.
1688 vv. Extensive changes to the job management code to avoid the pid-reuse and
1689 pid-aliasing problems caused by retaining the exit status of too many jobs,
1690 but still retain as many background job statuses as POSIX requires.
1692 ww. Fixed a parser bug in processing \<newline> that caused things like
1697 to not work correctly.
1699 xx. `pwd -P' now sets $PWD to a directory name containing no symbolic links
1700 when in posix mode, as POSIX requires.
1702 yy. In posix mode, bash no longer sets $PWD to a name containing no symbolic
1703 links if a directory is chosen from $CDPATH.
1705 zz. The word splitting code now treats an IFS character that is not space,
1706 tab, or newline and any adjacent IFS white space as a single delimiter, as
1709 aaa. The `read' builtin now checks whether or not the number of fields read is
1710 exactly the same as the number of variables instead of just assigning the
1711 rest of the line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last
1712 variable. This is what POSIX/SUS/XPG all require.
1714 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to always check whether or not fd 0 was a
1715 pipe, even when reading from another file descriptor.
1717 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused short-circuiting of execution even if the return
1718 value was being inverted.
1720 ddd. Fixed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding \W escapes in PS1 if
1723 eee. Fixed a bug in `read' that counted internal quoting characters for the
1724 purposes of `read -n'.
1726 fff. Fixed a bug so that a function definition in a pipeline causes a child
1727 process to be forked at the right time.
1729 ggg. Bash will not attempt to link against a readline library that doesn't
1730 have rl_gnu_readline_p == 1.
1732 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to consume one too many characters when
1733 reading a fixed number of characters and the Nth character is a backslash.
1735 iii. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on variables in the temporary environment
1736 to leave them set when `unset' completed.
1738 jjj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close fd 2 if an `exec' failed and the
1741 kkk. The completion code is more careful to not turn `/' or `///' into `//',
1742 for those systems on which `//' has special meaning.
1744 lll. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution in asynchronous commands to
1745 close the wrong file descriptors.
1747 mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated background
1748 processes unless job control is active.
1750 nnn. Fixed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations of `history -s'
1751 from adding all the commands to the history list.
1753 ooo. Added a couple of changes to make arithmetic expansion more consistent in
1754 all its contexts (still not perfect).
1756 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to occasionally not find the right
1757 terminating "`" in an old-style command substitution.
1759 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non-
1760 interactive input from fd 0 and fd 0 was duplicated and restored using a
1761 combination of `exec' (to save) and redirection (to restore).
1763 rrr. Fixed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned
1764 up properly when a `return' is executed.
1766 sss. Change internal command substitution completion function to append a slash
1767 to directory names in the command.
1769 2. Changes to Readline
1771 a. Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed
1774 b. Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current
1777 c. Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first
1778 line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width.
1780 d. Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather
1781 than the last line in the history list.
1783 e. Fixed the vi-mode `~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at
1784 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
1786 f. Fixed the vi-mode `r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at
1787 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
1789 g. Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters: displaying
1790 prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters,
1792 h. Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt
1793 string when it contains multibyte characters.
1795 i. A non-zero value for the `rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes
1796 no `/' to be appended to a directory name.
1798 j. Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained
1799 multibyte characters.
1801 k. Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when performing
1802 history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters.
1804 l. Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry.
1806 m. Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting
1807 of the `convert-meta' variable.
1809 n. Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental
1810 and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte
1811 characters correctly.
1813 o. Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed
1814 by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted.
1816 p. Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't
1817 dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation).
1819 q. Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands
1820 requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric
1821 arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like
1822 vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for
1825 r. Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW.
1827 s. Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in
1830 t. The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible
1831 character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty.
1833 3. New Features in Bash
1835 a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display
1836 tracks the current locale.
1838 b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created
1839 as `invisible' variables and may not be unset.
1841 c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't
1842 try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires.
1844 d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify.
1846 e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde
1849 f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative.
1851 g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals),
1852 -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks).
1854 h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job
1857 i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is
1858 now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands
1859 that accept assignment statements.
1861 j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed.
1863 k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running
1864 in an emacs terminal window.
1866 l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text
1867 to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation.
1869 m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters
1870 to be emptied when the variable is unset.
1872 n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional
1873 parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word
1876 o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup.
1878 p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores
1879 case when used by `case' and `[[' commands.
1881 q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output
1882 to be placed into var instead of on stdout.
1884 r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE.
1886 s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it
1887 creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the
1888 shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables.
1890 4. New Features in Readline
1892 a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically
1893 bound to delete-char.
1895 b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the
1898 c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero,
1899 readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline
1900 equivalents when it's called (on by default).
1902 d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible
1903 reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound
1904 to this in vi command mode.
1906 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1907 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release,
1908 and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1.
1912 a. Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the
1913 completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion
1916 b. Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment
1917 preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
1919 c. Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not
1920 expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in
1923 d. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before
1924 reading the startup files.
1926 e. Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin.
1928 2. Changes to Readline
1930 a. Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line
1931 before beginning a non-interactive search.
1933 b. Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook.
1935 c. Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric
1938 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1939 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1,
1940 and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1.
1944 a. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of
1945 an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled.
1947 b. System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem.
1949 c. Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was
1950 expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@.
1952 d. Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode
1953 when the file system had changed underneath the shell.
1955 e. Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the
1956 expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding
1957 operators were separated by whitespace.
1959 f. Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list,
1960 counter to the documentation. (Keeps the history expansions invoked by
1961 emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.)
1963 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a
1964 pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters.
1966 h. Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under
1967 some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'.
1969 i. `unalias' now returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied.
1971 j. Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name.
1973 k. $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the
1974 body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require.
1976 l. The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive
1977 access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for
1978 secure temporary file creation.
1980 m. Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames
1981 longer than PATH_MAX characters.
1983 n. Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables
1984 with identical names.
1986 o. Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better
1987 when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX
1990 p. The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument
1993 q. Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented
1994 with a mask of all 0s.
1996 r. When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX
1999 s. Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are
2000 connected to a tty; formerly it was stdin and stdout. POSIX requires
2003 t. Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the
2004 right kind of filename generation).
2006 2. Changes to Readline
2008 a. Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when
2009 moving between history lines while doing searches.
2011 b. Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings
2012 containing multibyte characters.
2014 c. Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument
2015 to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'.
2017 d. Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work
2020 e. Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command
2021 to not be remembered across different command lines.
2023 f. Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of
2026 3. New Features in Bash
2028 a. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
2029 even if job control is not enabled.
2031 b. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
2032 to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
2033 now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.
2035 4. New Features in Readline
2037 a. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the
2038 `mark-directories' option has been enabled.
2040 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2041 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
2042 and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.
2046 a. Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell.
2048 b. Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command
2049 substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the
2052 c. Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process
2053 attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization
2054 problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before
2057 d. Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2
2060 e. Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code.
2062 f. Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse
2065 g. Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause
2066 the exit trap to be run.
2068 h. Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any
2069 closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")".
2071 i. Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup
2074 j. If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses
2075 the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit
2076 status of the shell.
2078 k. The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a
2079 compound array assignment statement.
2081 l. When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat
2082 words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of
2085 m. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the
2086 shell think it was still running the trap.
2088 n. Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions.
2090 o. Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command
2091 rather than being a syntax error.
2093 p. The pattern substitution code no longer performs quote removal on the
2094 pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do.
2096 q. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted
2097 command name was being completed.
2099 r. Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal
2100 with multibyte characters better (and faster).
2102 s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
2103 multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.
2105 t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
2108 u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
2111 v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
2114 w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
2115 hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
2116 character of $IFS was not a space.
2118 x. Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a
2119 `>&word' redirection.
2121 y. Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly
2122 if the system temporary directory did not allow writing.
2124 2. Changes to Readline
2126 a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
2127 one, as the documention states.
2129 b. Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of
2130 multibyte characters.
2132 c. Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code.
2134 d. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the
2135 last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's
2136 next-to-last character.
2138 e. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when
2139 case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed
2140 contained backslashes quoting word break characters.
2142 f. Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains
2143 invisible characters.
2145 g. Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales
2146 when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.
2148 h. Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings.
2150 i. Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters
2151 used as history word delimiters.
2153 3. New Features in Bash
2155 a. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
2157 b. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
2159 c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
2160 messages can be translated into different languages.
2162 d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
2164 e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
2165 as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
2166 the error as coming from bash.
2168 4. New Features in Readline
2170 a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
2171 quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
2174 b. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
2175 application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not
2176 attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.
2178 c. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
2179 value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
2180 Set before readline calls any application completion function.
2182 d. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
2183 needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows
2184 the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.
2186 e. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as
2187 unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.
2189 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2190 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
2191 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.
2195 a. Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options
2198 b. Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf.
2200 c. Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script
2201 being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already-
2202 read and buffered script to be discarded.
2204 d. Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file
2205 descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain
2208 e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over
2209 a null wide character when doing string operations.
2211 f. Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for
2212 input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout.
2214 g. Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD.
2216 h. The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic
2219 i. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core
2220 when the expanded string is null.
2222 j. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform
2223 variable assignments while expanding the expression.
2225 k. Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when
2226 IFS is set, but null.
2228 l. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an
2229 open brace to inhibit brace expansion.
2231 m. Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to
2232 not be recognized as a restricted shell.
2234 n. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps
2235 to an invalid location and result in a core dump.
2237 o. Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a
2238 single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with
2241 p. Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump
2242 core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX.
2244 q. Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to
2245 EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned.
2247 r. Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional
2250 s. The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during
2251 operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being
2254 t. The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when
2255 $IFS is used to split.
2257 u. The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale
2258 variable values when LC_ALL is unset.
2260 v. The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded
2261 word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched.
2263 w. The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null
2264 and `set -x' is enabled.
2266 x. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL.
2268 y. The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before
2269 reporting the existence of new mail.
2271 z. The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear
2272 within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with
2273 `shopt'. For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default.
2275 aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use
2276 $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments.
2278 bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one
2279 spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting
2280 to use a command containing a slash.
2282 cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match
2283 when performing ${param/word/} expansion.
2285 dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search
2286 a command's temporary environment to expand variable values.
2288 ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words
2289 because an aliase's value ends with a space.
2291 ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir
2292 even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires.
2294 gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT
2295 before resending SIGINT to itself.
2297 hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right
2298 thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND.
2300 ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper
2301 functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print
2304 jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the
2305 expansions ends with a space.
2307 kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core
2308 dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a
2311 ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt
2312 string if the shell is started with editing disabled.
2314 mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing
2315 quoted null character removal.
2317 nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the
2318 line number (aids the bash debugger).
2320 oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional
2321 commands, for commands, and select commands.
2323 pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties,
2324 rather than alloca().
2326 qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the
2327 appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'.
2329 rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following
2330 a `*' when extglob is enabled.
2332 ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is
2333 invoked in a function to misbehave.
2335 tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped
2336 by the internal shell string quoting functions.
2338 uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list
2339 to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'.
2341 vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist
2342 in the current shell.
2344 ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was
2345 expanding a multiline alias.
2347 xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command
2348 changed the compspec.
2350 yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print
2351 notifications of completed jobs.
2353 zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb'
2354 (which is what emacs shell windows do).
2356 aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without
2359 bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple
2362 ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias',
2363 so the output cannot be used as subsequent input.
2365 ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its
2366 first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling
2367 to its original disposition if it is.
2369 eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the
2370 pattern substitution and removal expansions.
2372 fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]},
2373 $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code.
2375 ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased.
2377 hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an
2378 NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there
2379 is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time.
2380 (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.)
2382 iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size
2383 changes if a child process exits due to a signal.
2385 jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed
2386 executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the
2389 kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for
2390 owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all.
2392 lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class
2393 <blank>, which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes.
2395 mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only
2396 if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them.
2398 nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when
2399 invoked as `-c command'.
2401 2. Changes to Readline
2403 a. Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the
2404 multibyte character code.
2406 b. Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations.
2408 c. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly.
2410 d. Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even
2411 when more is available.
2413 e. Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide
2416 f. Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip
2419 g. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the
2420 output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte
2421 characters. This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay
2422 slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales.
2424 h. History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor
2425 to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode.
2427 i. The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right
2428 precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment
2431 j. Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as
2434 k. The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo.
2436 l. Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code.
2438 m. The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read
2441 n. Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command.
2443 o. The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal
2444 special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes
2445 are reflected in the readline bindings. New application-callable function
2446 to make it work: rl_tty_unset_default_bindings().
2448 p. Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when
2449 changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale.
2451 q. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems
2452 supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the
2453 new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes.
2455 r. Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode.
2457 s. Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using
2460 t. Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using
2461 multibyte characters.
2463 u. Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files.
2465 v. The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for
2466 quoted substrings on which to perform completion.
2468 w. The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the
2471 3. New Features in Bash
2473 a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.
2475 b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.
2477 c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
2478 idea of word break characters.
2480 d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
2481 will actually be performed.
2483 e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
2484 more extensibility and backwards compatibility.
2486 f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
2487 matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.
2489 g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
2490 character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.
2492 h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
2493 BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
2496 i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
2499 j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
2502 k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
2503 returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
2504 if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).
2506 l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new
2507 `extdebug' shell option.
2509 m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
2510 traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to
2511 `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls
2512 whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.
2514 n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
2515 list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
2516 query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
2519 o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
2522 p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
2523 if the `extdebug' option is set.
2525 q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
2526 the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
2527 function or sourced script forces a `return'.
2529 r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.
2531 s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
2532 executed, for the debugger.
2534 t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
2537 u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
2538 x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
2539 may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.
2541 v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
2544 w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
2545 FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
2546 if they're the only possibilities.
2548 x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
2549 style' (filename:lineno:message) format.
2551 y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
2552 whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
2555 z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
2556 name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
2557 possible completions.
2559 aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
2562 bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
2563 strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
2564 timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
2565 history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out
2566 timestamp information when the history file is written.
2568 cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
2569 extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.
2571 dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
2572 to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].
2574 ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
2575 BASH_REMATCH array variable.
2577 ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
2578 expansion fails to produce a match.
2580 gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
2581 status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
2584 4. New Features in Readline
2586 a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
2587 for compatibility with the BSD csh.
2589 b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
2590 modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.
2592 c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
2593 replacing the current line with the history line.
2595 d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
2598 e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline
2599 completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
2600 than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.
2602 f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.
2604 g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
2605 functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
2608 h. Four new key binding functions have been added:
2610 rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
2611 rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
2612 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
2613 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()
2615 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2616 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-release,
2617 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta2.
2621 a. Fixed an off-by-one error in the function that translates job
2624 b. Note that we're running under Emacs and disable line editing if
2627 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2628 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta2,
2629 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta1.
2633 a. Fixed the /= and %= arithmetic operators to catch division by zero.
2635 b. Added putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement for completeness.
2637 c. Fixed a bug that could cause the -O expand_aliases invocation option
2640 d. Fixed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect
2641 behavior when the number of process substitutions in an individual
2642 command approached 64.
2644 2. Changes to Readline
2646 a. Fixed a problem with backward-char-search when on a system with support
2647 for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte
2650 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2651 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta1,
2652 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-alpha1.
2656 a. Fixed a problem when parsing a POSIX.2 character class name while
2657 evaluating a bracket expression containing multibyte characters.
2659 b. Changed the help text for `bind' to make it clear that any command
2660 that may be placed in ~/.inputrc is a valid argument to `bind'.
2662 c. Added `help' builtin entries for `((', `[[', and arithmetic for.
2664 d. malloc updated again:
2665 o slightly better overflow and underflow detection by putting the
2666 chunk size at the beginning and end of the chunk and making
2667 sure they match in free/realloc
2668 o partial page allocated to make things page-aligned no longer
2670 o block coalescing now enabled by default
2671 o splitting and coalescing enabled for 32-byte chunks, the most
2672 common size requested
2673 o fixed a problem that resulted in spurious underflow messages and
2675 o bin sizes are precomputed and stored in an array rather than
2676 being computed at run time
2677 o malloc will return memory blocks back to the system if the block
2678 being freed is at the top of the heap and of sufficient size to
2680 o malloc/free/realloc now inline memset instead of calling the
2681 libc function; uses Duff's device for good performance
2683 e. Check for getservent(); make the service name completion code dependent
2686 f. Changed the readline callback that executes a command bound to a key
2687 sequence to not save the executed command on the history list and to
2688 save and restore the parsing state.
2690 g. Changes to lib/sh/snprintf.c: fixed some bugs in the `g' and `G'
2691 floating point format display; implemented the "'" flag character
2692 that turns on thousands' grouping; fixed behavior on systems where
2693 MB_CUR_MAX does not evaluate to a constant.
2695 h. The `unset' builtin no longer returns a failure status when asked to
2696 unset a previously-unset variable or function.
2698 i. Changes to the build system to make it easier to cross-compile bash
2699 for different systems.
2701 j. Added `,' to the characters that are backslash-escaped during filename
2702 completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and RCS filenames
2705 k. Some changes to the multibyte character support code to avoid many calls
2708 l. Bash now correctly honors setting LANG to some value when LC_ALL does not
2709 already have a value.
2711 m. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGSEGV when processing nested traps with
2714 n. The `source/.' builtin now restores the positional parameters when it
2715 returns unless they were changed using the `set' builtin during the file's
2718 o. Fixed a bug that caused a syntax error when a command was terminated by
2721 2. New Features in Bash
2723 a. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files
2724 installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned
2725 on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure.
2727 b. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except
2730 c. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following
2731 the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/
2732 POSIX.1-2001 compliance.
2734 3. Changes to Readline
2736 a. Fixed a small problem in _rl_insert_char with multibyte characters.
2738 b. Fixes from IBM for line wrapping problems when using multibyte characters.
2740 c. Fixed a problem which caused the display to be messed up when the last
2741 line of a multi-line prompt (possibly containing invisible characters)
2742 was longer than the screen width.
2744 d. Fixed a problem with the vi-mode `r' command that ocurred on systems with
2745 support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any
2746 multibyte characters.
2748 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2749 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-alpha1,
2750 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-release.
2754 a. Some changes to work around inlining differences between compilers.
2756 b. Added more prototypes for internal shell typedefs, to catch argument
2757 passing errors when using pointers to functions.
2759 c. The `cd' builtin now fails in posix mode when a valid directory cannot be
2760 constructed from a relative pathname argument and the $PWD using pathname
2761 canonicalization, and the -P option has not been supplied. Previously,
2762 the shell would attempt to use what the user typed, leading to weird
2763 values for $PWD and discrepancies between the value of $PWD and the
2764 actual working directory.
2766 d. The `cd' builtin now resets $PWD when canonicalization fails but a chdir
2767 to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds (when not in posix mode).
2769 e. The `fc' builtin has been fixed, as POSIX requires, to use the closest
2770 history position in range when given an out-of-range argument.
2772 f. The history file loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in
2773 the history list from the shell startup files.
2775 g. `history -s args' now works better in compound commands.
2777 h. The tilde expansion code was fixed to better recognize when it's being
2778 invoked in an assignment context, which enables expansion after `='
2781 i. Fixed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended
2782 to a single match if there happens to be a directory with that name in
2785 j. Fixed compound array assignment to no longer perform alias expansion, to
2786 allow reserved words as array members, and to not produce extra output
2787 when the `-v' option had been enabled.
2789 k. Fixed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists
2790 of possible completions (e.g., `complete -W').
2792 l. Removed the reserved words from the `bash-builtins' manual page.
2794 m. Parser error reporting now attempts to do a better job of identifying the
2795 token in error rather than doing straight textual analysis.
2797 n. Fixes for Inf/NaN, locales, wide/multibyte characters and zero-length
2798 arguments in the library snprintf(3) replacement.
2800 o. `read -e' no longer does command name completion on the first word on
2801 the line being read.
2803 p. `select' now returns failure if the read of the user's selection fails.
2805 q. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting $PIPESTATUS.
2807 r. Fixes to not allocate so many job slots when the shell is running a loop
2808 with job control enabled in a subshell of an interactive shell.
2810 s. Fixed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited by
2811 command substitutions in some cases.
2813 t. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to inappropriately expand
2814 the word following the alias.
2816 u. Fixed a bug in the `kill' builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments.
2818 v. The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the
2819 characters before the `=' don't comprise a valid identifier.
2821 w. The arithmetic expression evaluation code now honors the setting of the
2822 `-u' option when expanding variable names.
2824 x. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow array subscripts to be
2825 assigned (`let b[7]=42') and auto-incremented and auto-decremented
2828 y. Reimplemented the existing prompt string date and time expansions using
2829 strftime(3), which changed the output of \@ in some locales.
2831 z. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable
2832 (like RANDOM) was converted to an array with a variable assignment.
2834 aa. Fixed a bug that would reset the handler for a signal the user had
2835 trapped to a function that would exit the shell when setting the exit
2836 trap in a non-interactive shell.
2838 bb. Changed the execve(2) wrapper code to check whether or not a failing
2839 command is a directory before looking at whether a `#!' interpreter
2840 failed for some reason.
2842 cc. Fixed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a `;'
2843 after a newline, which produces a syntax error when reused as input.
2845 dd. The code that expands $PS4 no longer inherits the `-x' flag.
2847 ee. The bash-specific completion functions may now take advantage of the
2848 double-TAB and M-? features of the standard readline completion
2851 ff. The mail checking code no longer prints a message if the checked file's
2852 size has not increased, even if the access time is less than the modification time.
2854 gg. Rewrote the variable symbol table code: there is now a stack of
2855 contexts, each possibly including a separate symbol table; there can
2856 be more than one temporary environment supplied to nested invocations
2857 of `./source'; the temporary environments no longer require so much
2858 special-case code; shell functions now handle the temporary environment
2859 and local variables more consistently; function scope exit is faster now
2860 that the entire symbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose of
2861 local variables; it is now easier to push vars from the temporary
2862 environment to the shell's variable table in posix mode; some duplicated
2863 code has been removed.
2865 hh. Regularized the error message printing code; builtin_error is now called
2866 more consistently, and common error message strings are handled by small
2867 functions. This should make eventual message translation easier.
2869 ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell
2872 jj. Array subscript expansion now takes place even when the array variable is
2873 unset, so side effects will take place.
2875 kk. Fixed a bug in the SICGHLD child-reaping code so that it won't find
2876 jobs already marked as terminated if the OS reuses pids quickly enough.
2878 ll. Fixed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the `wait'
2879 builtin while it was waiting for a background process to terminate.
2881 mm. A couple of changes to make it easier for multiple shells to share history
2882 files using `history -n', `history -r', and `history -w'.
2884 nn. The `getopts' builtin always increments OPTIND to point to the next
2885 option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it's valid
2886 or not, as POSIX 1003.x-2001 requires.
2888 oo. Changed some parts of the expansion code to avoid allocating and
2889 immediately freeing memory without using the results for anything.
2891 pp. The shell now keeps track of $IFS internally, updating its internal map
2892 each time the variable is assigned a new value (or at local scope exit).
2893 This saves thousands of hash lookups for IFS, which, while individually
2896 qq. Rewrote the hash table code: searching and insertion are much faster now,
2897 and it uses a better string hashing function; augmented the function
2898 interface to simplify other parts of the code and remove duplicated code
2900 rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic `object cache' for allocating and
2901 caching words and word lists, which were the major users of
2904 ss. Fixed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and
2905 newlines in subscripts when performing array element assignment.
2907 tt. The shell now issues many fewer calls to sigprocmask and other signal
2908 masking system calls.
2910 uu. Fixed the `test' and conditional command file comparison operators to
2911 work right when one file has a non-positive timestamp and the other
2914 vv. Fixed some cases where the special characters '\001' and '\177' in the
2915 values of variables or positional parameters caused incorrect expansion
2918 2. Changes to Readline
2920 a. Fixed output of comment-begin character when listing variable values.
2922 b. Added some default key bindings for common escape sequences produced by
2925 c. Fixed the mark handling code to be more emacs-compatible.
2927 d. A bug was fixed in the code that prints possible completions to keep it
2928 from printing empty strings in certain circumstances.
2930 e. Change the key sequence printing code to print ESC as M\- if ESC is a
2931 meta-prefix character -- it's easier for users to understand than \e.
2933 f. Fixed unstifle_history() to return values that match the documentation.
2935 g. Fixed the event loop (rl_event_hook) to handle the case where the input
2936 file descriptor is invalidated.
2938 h. Fixed the prompt display code to work better when the application has a
2939 custom redisplay function.
2941 i. Changes to make reading and writing the history file a little faster, and
2942 to cope with huge history files without calling abort(3) from xmalloc.
2944 j. The vi-mode `S' and `s' commands are now undone correctly.
2946 3. New Features in Bash
2948 a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin.
2950 b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and
2951 `-P' forces a $PATH search.
2953 c. New code to handle multibyte characters.
2955 d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is
2956 reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL.
2957 The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.
2959 e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be
2960 appended to names which are symlinks to directories.
2962 f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command,
2963 like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode.
2965 g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching.
2967 h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X.
2969 i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts
2970 the result into the expanded prompt.
2972 j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the
2973 machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long.
2975 k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion
2976 functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted.
2978 l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed
2979 with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set.
2981 m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses
2982 readline's appending a space to the completed word.
2984 n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word.
2986 o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
2987 separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
2988 the old output would result in syntax errors).
2990 p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls
2991 bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at
2992 allocation and free time.
2994 q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service'
2995 option to complete on names from /etc/services.
2997 r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor.
2999 s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name
3000 don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop.
3002 t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more
3005 u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the
3006 argument if it contains non-printing characters.
3008 v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied
3009 to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named
3010 function. Currently has no effect on variables.
3012 w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
3013 [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops.
3015 x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
3016 function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
3017 script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
3018 POSIX-2001 requires.
3020 y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
3021 new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
3022 and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code
3025 z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup
3028 aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'.
3030 bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable
3031 format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table.
3033 4. New Features in Readline
3035 a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both
3036 be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi
3039 b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than
3040 the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results.
3041 This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on).
3043 c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters.
3045 d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to
3046 append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has
3047 been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories'
3048 variable (default is the 2.05a behavior).
3050 e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric
3051 argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a
3052 comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text
3054 f. New application-settable completion variable:
3055 rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion
3056 function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending
3057 slashes to names which are symlinks to directories.
3059 g. New function available to application completion functions:
3060 rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked
3061 and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list
3064 h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode'
3065 bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'.
3067 i. New application-settable completion variable:
3068 rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of
3069 rl_completion_append_character to completed words.
3071 j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks
3072 the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search
3073 string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string,
3074 DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string.
3076 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3077 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release,
3078 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1.
3082 a. Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an
3083 argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier.
3085 b. Improved the random number generator slightly.
3087 c. Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since
3088 it messes up some includes.
3090 d. Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual.
3092 e. Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked
3093 through and caused compilation problems.
3095 f. A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion
3098 g. Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show
3101 h. Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when
3104 i. Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work
3105 around buggy compilers.
3107 j. Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could
3108 potentially cause a core dump.
3110 2. Changes to Readline
3112 a. Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command.
3114 b. Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause
3115 include file problems.
3117 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3118 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1,
3119 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1.
3123 a. Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form'
3124 of the %g and %G conversions.
3126 b. Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and
3129 c. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_'
3130 when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards).
3132 d. New library functions for formatting long and long long ints.
3134 e. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred,
3135 mostly as the result of systems using signed characters.
3137 f. Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int.
3139 g. Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a
3140 `struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member.
3142 h. Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu)
3145 i. Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion.
3147 j. Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh.
3149 k. New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax,
3152 l. The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers
3153 directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument
3154 passed to printf(3).
3156 m. Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to
3157 have more sytematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in.
3159 n. Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by
3160 falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them.
3162 o. Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters
3163 that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer
3164 size passed as an argument.
3166 p. Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros
3167 if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
3170 q. Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to
3171 not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused
3172 interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf).
3173 When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed
3174 contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise.
3176 r. snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion.
3178 s. Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell
3179 function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null
3180 command containing a command substutition was executed in the function.
3182 t. When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600.
3184 u. Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables
3185 if they're not in the initial environment.
3187 v. If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value,
3188 bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been
3191 w. Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it
3192 gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment.
3194 x. Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE,
3195 even if it assigns them default values.
3197 y. Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT
3198 if they appear in the initial environment.
3200 z. Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to
3201 run the startup files. If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in
3202 config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented
3203 out in the distributed version.
3205 aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC.
3207 bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented.
3209 cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the
3210 definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks.
3212 dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'.
3214 ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect
3215 results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the
3218 ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid
3219 potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of
3220 the temporary directory to use.
3222 gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system
3223 requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc.
3225 hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend
3226 SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting.
3228 ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than
3229 rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x
3230 will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)).
3232 jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with
3235 2. New Features in Bash
3237 a. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're
3238 implemented by printf(3).
3240 b. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f).
3242 c. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The
3243 corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the
3246 3. Changes to Readline
3248 a. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred.
3250 b. Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of
3251 the array used to hold the marks.
3253 c. Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed.
3255 d. Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros.
3257 e. Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype
3258 macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
3261 f. Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before
3262 the beginning of the line.
3264 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3265 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1,
3266 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1.
3270 a. Fixed a bug in the evalution of arithmetic `for' statements when the
3271 expanded expression is NULL.
3273 b. Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code.
3275 c. Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header
3276 files and to static function declarations in C source files.
3278 d. Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments
3279 and return values right instead of casting. Removed extern function
3280 declarations from C source files that were already included in header
3283 e. Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so
3284 the prototypes can be checked. The only use of Function and VFunction
3285 now is for unwind-protects.
3287 f. More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables.
3289 g. Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail
3292 h. Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information
3293 for each malloc, realloc, and free. This should result in better error
3296 i. The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option.
3298 j. Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated
3301 k. Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it
3302 expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?.
3304 i. Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long,
3305 and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently.
3307 j. Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert.
3309 k. Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making
3312 l. `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for
3313 compatibility with ksh.
3315 m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting
3318 n. The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer,
3319 because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'.
3321 o. `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for
3322 compatibility with other shells.
3324 p. Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert: it handles `L'
3325 formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been
3326 simpified where appropriate.
3328 q. Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long.
3330 r. Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents.
3332 s. Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the
3333 generated names a bit more random.
3335 t. Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype
3338 u. Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use
3339 `unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default.
3341 v. Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support
3342 for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and
3345 w. `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message
3346 relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits.
3348 x. The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile
3349 time rather than using huge constants for things like long long.
3351 y. Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'.
3353 z. Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes
3354 instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation),
3355 restoring 8-byte alignment.
3357 aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line
3358 number of the call that caused the error.
3360 bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and
3361 report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected
3362 to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242<x' where 4242 is an out-of-range
3365 cc. `printf', `echo -e', and the $'...' code now process only two hex digits
3366 after a `\x' escape sequence for compatibility with other shells, and
3367 the documentation was changed to note that the octal and hex escape
3368 sequences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict ASCII.
3370 2. Changes to Readline
3372 a. The completion code now attempts to do a better job of preserving the
3373 case of the word the user typed if ignoring case in completions.
3375 b. Readline defaults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal
3376 initialization code enable echoing if there is a controlling terminal.
3378 c. The key binding code now processes only two hex digits after a `\x'
3379 escape sequence, and the documentation was changed to note that the
3380 octal and hex escape sequences result in an eight-bit value rather
3383 3. New Features in Bash
3385 a. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard',
3386 meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft
3387 limit, in addition to `unlimited'
3389 b. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular
3390 resource when printing more than one limit.
3392 c. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is
3393 one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.
3395 4. New Features in Readline
3397 a. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history
3398 code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history
3399 line retrived with previous-history or next-history.
3401 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3402 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-alpha1,
3403 and the previous version, bash-2.05-release.
3407 a. Better checks in the redirection code for write errors.
3409 b. bashbug now uses $TMPDIR, defaulting to /tmp, and uses mktemp(1) more
3412 c. System-specific configuration changes for: Interix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD,
3415 d. Some more `const' cleanups through the code.
3417 e. Fixed a typo in the /dev/fd redirection code, better checks for valid
3418 numeric fds in /dev/fd.
3420 f. Fixed many parts of the shell to handle integer overflow more gracefully
3421 and to do more stringent checks for valid numbers.
3423 g. Fixed mksignames to include config.h.
3425 h. Fixed an uninitialized variable problem that could cause the shell to core
3426 dump when replacing characters in a string.
3428 i. New mechanism for updating the patch level when official patches are
3429 released (patchlevel.h).
3431 j. configure.in changed to no longer require external files _distribution and
3434 k. Fixed non-interactive shell initialization problem when bash started as
3437 l. Fixed printf builtin conversion error handling to be POSIX.2-conformant.
3439 m. autoconf-2.52 is now used to build configure; autoconf-2.50 or newer is
3440 required. Some of the bash-specific macros were removed, since they are
3443 n. Startup files and files read with source or `.' are no longer required to
3446 o. Fixed core dump in builtin printf when user-supplied precision or field
3449 p. Fixed builtin printf to treat a negative field width as a positive field
3450 width with left-justification.
3452 r. New unwind-protect implementation from Paul Eggert.
3454 s. Fixed an inadvertently-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that
3455 caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to
3458 t. Fixed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed.
3460 v. Fixes, mostly from Paul Eggert, for a few possible buffer overflows in
3463 w. Fixes from Paul Eggert to avoid most of the type casts in the shell code,
3464 and use more appropriate types for a number of variables.
3466 x. Command substition no longer inherits the DEBUG trap.
3468 y. Some fixes to the process substition code on machines without /dev/fd so
3469 that named pipes are not removed inappropriately.
3471 z. The loadable `getconf' builtin is now much more complete, and will become
3472 part of the shell in the future.
3474 aa. The select command no longer terminates on a `return', so it can be used
3475 to return from an enclosing function (as ksh does it).
3477 bb. Fixed the extended pattern matching code to behave better when presented
3478 with incorrectly-formed patterns.
3480 cc. Some changes were made with the intent of making cross-compilation easier.
3482 dd. The network code (/dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections) uses getaddrinfo(3)
3483 if it's available, which adds support for IPv6.
3485 ee. Subshells of login shells no longer source ~/.bash_logout when they exit.
3487 ff. Fixes so that subshells don't exit inappropriately if the -e option has
3490 gg. Restricted shells no longer allow functions to be exported.
3492 hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so extended pattern matching works
3493 on systems with deficient shared library implementations, like MacOS X.
3495 ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading `#!interp' fails
3496 to execute because of problems with `interp'.
3498 jj. Fixed `compgen' to handle the `-o default' option better.
3500 kk. Fixed the job control code to force an asynchronous process's standard
3501 input to /dev/null only if job control is not active.
3503 ll. Fixed a possible infinite recursion problem when `fc ""=abc' (a null
3504 pattern) is used to re-execute a previous command.
3506 mm. Fixed `declare [-a] var=value' to assign VALUE to element 0 if VAR is an
3507 array variable. Similarly for `declare [-a] var[N]=value'. This is like
3510 nn. Fixed a bug that caused `read -a aname' to work even if ANAME had been
3513 oo. Fixed a possible integer overflow problem when constructing names for
3516 2. New Features in Bash
3518 a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a
3519 `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.
3521 b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX
3524 c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from
3527 d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications
3528 (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).
3530 e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts,
3533 f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the
3534 shell is a login shell.
3536 g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format.
3538 h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name
3541 i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument.
3543 j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup.
3545 k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional
3546 `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed
3549 l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run
3550 whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled.
3551 It is not inherited by shell functions.
3553 m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been
3554 given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and
3555 a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX
3558 n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default.
3560 o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities.
3562 p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX
3565 3. Changes to Readline
3567 a. More `const' and type casting fixes.
3569 b. Changed rl_message() to use vsnprintf(3) (if available) to fix buffer
3572 c. The completion code no longer appends a `/' or ` ' to a match when
3573 completing a symbolic link that resolves to a directory name, unless
3574 the match does not add anything to the word being completed. This
3575 means that a tab will complete the word up to the full name, but not
3576 add anything, and a subsequent tab will add a slash.
3578 d. Fixed a trivial typo that made the vi-mode `dT' command not work.
3580 e. Fixed the tty code so that ^S and ^Q can be inserted with rl_quoted_insert.
3582 f. Fixed the tty code so that ^V works more than once.
3584 g. Changed the use of __P((...)) for function prototypes to PARAMS((...))
3585 because the use of __P in typedefs conflicted g++ and glibc.
3587 4. New Features in Readline
3589 a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a
3590 public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).
3592 b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402,
3593 RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.
3595 c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION.
3597 d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls
3598 completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default.
3600 e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a
3601 `:first-' modifier, like csh.
3603 f. The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses
3604 it if ^R^R is typed without a search string.
3606 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3607 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-release,
3608 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta2.
3612 a. Make sure we note that the first line of a multi-line command was not
3613 saved in the history if the tests for HISTCONTROL succeed, but the
3614 HISTIGNORE check fails.
3616 b. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `[' to be treated
3617 as a special character inside a `[...]' bracket expression.
3619 c. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `]' to terminate
3620 a bracket expression even if it was the first character after the `['
3621 (or a leading `!' or `^').
3623 d. Made a small change to report a more user-friendly error message if
3624 execve(2) fails because of an error with the interpreter in a script
3625 with a leading `#! interpreter'.
3627 e. If the OS does not support an exec(2) magic number of `#!', make sure we
3628 have a non-null interpreter name before attempting to execute it.
3630 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell process to end up in a different
3631 process group than the controlling terminal if a job-control shell was
3632 run with `exec' in the startup files.
3634 g. When started in POSIX mode, either by `bash --posix', `bash -o posix', or
3635 `sh', $SHELLOPTS includes `posix' and POSIXLY_CORRECT is set.
3637 h. Fixed a problem that caused the `\W' prompt string escape sequence to
3638 expand to nothing when $PWD was `//'.
3640 i. The `bashbug' shell script no longer uses $(...) command substitution.
3642 j. When `set' is invoked without options in POSIX mode, it no longer prints
3643 the names and definitions of shell functions.
3645 2. Changes to Readline
3647 a. rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() is now documented.
3649 b. Corrected history.3 man page: `$' is not in the default value of
3650 history_word_delimiters.
3652 c. If a hook function assigned to rl_event_hook sets rl_done to a non-zero
3653 value, rl_read_key() now immediately returns '\n' (which is assumed to
3654 be bound to accept-line).
3656 3. New Features in Bash
3658 a. The `>&word' redirection now works in POSIX mode as it does by default,
3659 since POSIX.2 leaves it unspecified.
3661 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3662 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta2,
3663 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta1.
3667 a. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a^=b is supported.
3669 b. Fixed startup so posixly_correct is retained across subshells begun to
3670 execute scripts without a leading `#!'.
3672 c. Fixed a bug that caused $(< file) to not work in a (...) subshell.
3674 d. Added config support for Linux running on the IBM S390.
3676 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out of sync when
3677 reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard
3678 input redirected from a file.
3680 f. Made a change so that command completion now makes about half as many
3681 stat(2) calls when searching the $PATH.
3683 g. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding `return' to not
3684 be propagated to the shell environment in POSIX mode.
3686 h. Fixed a bug with ${parameter[:]?word} -- tilde expansion was not performed
3689 i. In POSIX mode, `break' and `continue' do not complain and return success
3690 if called when the shell is not executing a loop.
3692 j. Fixed `bash -o posix' to work the same as `bash --posix'.
3694 k. Fixed a bug where variable assignments preceding `eval' or `source/.'
3695 would not show up in the environment exported to subshells run by the
3698 l. In POSIX mode, shells started to execute command substitutions inherit
3699 the value of the `-e' option from their parent shell.
3701 m. In POSIX mode, aliases are expanded even in non-interactive shells.
3703 n. Changed some of the job control messages to display the text required by
3704 POSIX.2 when the shell is in POSIX mode.
3706 o. Fixed a bug in `test' that caused it to occasionally return incorrect
3707 results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to `-t'.
3709 2. Changes to Readline
3711 a. Some changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -Wall.
3713 b. rl_get_keymap_by_name now finds keymaps case-insensitively, so
3714 `set keymap EMACS' works.
3716 c. The history file writing and truncation functions now return a useful
3719 d. Fixed a bug that could cause applications to dereference a NULL pointer
3720 if a NULL second argument was passed to history_expand().
3722 3. New Features in Bash
3724 a. doc/readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution.
3726 4. New Features in Readline
3728 a. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns
3729 readline's idea of the screen dimensions.
3731 b. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function)
3732 is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()).
3734 c. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old
3735 variable is maintained for backwards compatibility.
3737 d. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is
3738 now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default
3741 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3742 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta1,
3743 and the previous version, bash-2.05-alpha1.
3747 a. Changes to allow shared library and object building on the GNU Hurd.
3749 b. Fixes to the way exported functions are placed into the environment and
3752 c. The globbing library once again respects locales when processing ranges
3753 in bracket expressions while doing pattern matching.
3755 d. System-specific configuration changes for: Tru 64, Interix
3757 e. Bashbug now uses /usr/bin/editor as one of the editing alternatives, and
3758 will use mktemp(1) or tempfile(1), if present, for temporary file creation.
3760 f. Bash no longer performs a binary file check on a script argument that's
3761 really a tty (like /dev/fd/0 or /dev/stdin).
3763 g. Fixed a bug in the execution of shell scripts that caused the effects of
3764 $BASH_ENV to be undone in some cases.
3766 h. Fixed several bugs that made `bash [-i] /dev/stdin' not work correctly.
3768 i. Several changes to the job control code to avoid some signal state
3771 j. The Bash malloc no longer blocks signals as often, which should make it
3774 k. Fixed a parsing bug that did not allow backslash to escape a single quote
3775 inside a $'...' construct.
3777 l. Fixed a bug that caused things like ${var:=$'value'} to be parsed
3778 incorrectly. This showed up in newer versions of autoconf.
3780 m. Fixed a bug in the bash-specific readline initialization that caused
3781 key bindings to bash-specific function names appearing in .inputrc to
3784 n. Bash now sets the file descriptor it uses to save the file descriptor
3785 opened on a shell script to close on exec.
3787 o. Fixed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave
3788 when presented an octal sequence of fewer than three characters.
3790 p. Fixed the `test' builtin to return an error if `[' is supplied a single
3791 argument that is not `]'.
3793 q. Fixed a bug that caused subshells started to run executable shell scripts
3794 without a leading `#!' to incorrectly inherit an argument list preceding
3795 a shell builtin (like such a script called from a script sourced with `.',
3796 where there were variable assignments preceding the `.' command)
3798 r. Fixed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment
3799 statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored (like a script
3802 s. HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, and MACHTYPE are set only if they do not have values
3803 when the shell is started.
3805 t. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to kill shell scripts after the script
3808 u. The `fc' builtin now tries to create its temporary files in the directory
3811 v. Bash no longer calls any Readline functions or uses any Readline variables
3812 not declared in readline.h.
3814 w. Fixed a bug that caused some substitutions involving $@ to not be split
3815 correctly, especially expansions of the form ${paramterOPword}.
3817 x. SSH2_CLIENT is now treated like SSH_CLIENT and not auto-exported if it
3818 appears in the initial environment.
3820 y. Fixed a couple of problems with shell scripts without a leading `#!'
3821 being executed out of shell functions that could cause core dumps if
3822 such a script attempted to execute `return'.
3824 z. Fixed a problem with the `-nt' and `-ot' binary operators for the
3825 `test/[' builtin and the `[[' conditional command that caused wrong
3826 return values if one of the file arguments did not exist.
3828 aa. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previously
3829 executed `shopt -s expand_aliases' to fail to expand aliases in a
3830 command like `(command) &'.
3832 2. Changes to Readline
3834 a. Changes to make most (but not yet all -- there is still crlf()) of the
3835 exported readline functions declared in readline.h have an rl_ prefix.
3837 b. More `const' changes in function arguments, mostly for completion
3840 c. Fixed a bug in rl_forward that could cause the point to be set to before
3841 the beginning of the line in vi mode.
3843 d. Fixed a bug in the callback read-char interface to make it work when a
3844 readline function pushes some input onto the input stream with
3845 rl_execute_next (like the incremental search functions).
3847 e. Fixed a file descriptor leak in the history file manipulation code that
3848 was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular file (like
3851 f. Some existing variables are now documented and part of the public
3852 interface (declared in readline.h): rl_explict_arg, rl_numeric_arg,
3853 rl_editing_mode, rl_last_func.
3855 g. Renamed rltty_set_default_bindings to rl_tty_set_default_bindings and
3856 crlf to rl_crlf, so there are no public functions declared in readline.h
3857 without an `rl_' prefix. The old functions still exist for backwards
3860 3. New Features in Bash
3862 a. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
3863 in pathname arguments.
3865 b. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
3866 way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
3867 `declare -p' as well.
3869 4. New Features in Readline
3871 a. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt):
3872 expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result.
3874 b. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols):
3875 public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen
3878 c. The history example program (examples/histexamp.c) is now built as one
3881 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3882 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-alpha1,
3883 and the previous version, bash-2.04-release.
3887 a. A fix was made to allow newlines in compond array assignments.
3889 b. configure now checks for real-time signals with unusable values.
3891 c. Interactive shells no longer exit if a substitution fails because of an
3892 unset variable within a sourced file.
3894 d. Fixed a problem with incorrect matching of extended glob patterns when
3895 doing pattern substitution.
3897 e. `{' is now quoted by the completion code when it appears in a filename.
3899 f. Fixed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not
3900 correctly skip the rest of a bracket expression after a character
3903 g. Fixed a bug in the IFS word splitting code to make a non-whitespace IFS
3904 character preceded by IFS whitespace part of the current delimiter rather
3905 than generating a separate field.
3907 h. The {!prefix@} expansion now generates separate words, analogous to $@,
3910 i. Command substitution now ignores NUL bytes in the command output, and the
3911 parser ignores them on input.
3913 j. A fix was made to the job control code to prevent hanging processes when
3914 the shell thinks background processes are running but the kernel returns
3915 -1/ECHILD from waitpid().
3917 k. `pwd' now prints an error message if the write fails when displaying the
3920 l. When in POSIX mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading
3921 `SIG' in the signal specification.
3923 m. Fixed a parser bug that caused the current command's line count to be
3924 messed up by a compound array assignment.
3926 n. Fixed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines
3927 where ints and pointers are not the same size.
3929 o. System-specific configure changes for: MacOS X.
3931 p. Changes for Cygwin to translate \r\n and \r to \n and to set file
3932 descriptors used for reading input to text mode in various places.
3934 q. Fixed a bug that caused `!' to occasionally not be honored when in
3937 r. Bash no longer assumes that getcwd() will return any useful error message
3938 in the buffer passed as an argument if the call fails.
3940 s. The `source', `.', and `fc' builtins no longer check whether a file is
3941 binary before reading commands from it.
3943 t. Subshells no longer turn off job control when they exit, since that
3944 sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process
3947 u. The history code no longer tries to save the second and subsequent lines
3948 of a multi-line command if the first line was not saved.
3950 v. The history saving code now does a better job of saving blank lines in a
3953 w. Removed a `feature' that made `ulimit' silently translate `unlimited' to
3954 the current hard limit, which obscured some kernel error returns.
3956 x. Fixed the grammar so that `}' is recognized as a reserved word after
3957 another reserved word, rather than requiring a `;' or newline. This
3958 means that constructs like
3960 { { echo a b c ; } }
3964 y. Conditional commands ([[...]]) now perform tilde expansion on their
3967 z. Noted in the documentation that `set -a' will cause functions to be
3968 exported if they are defined after `set -a' is executed.
3970 aa. When an interactive login shell starts, if $PWD and $HOME refer to the
3971 same directory but are not the same string, $PWD is set to $HOME.
3973 bb. Fixed `printf' to handle invalid floating point numbers better.
3975 cc. Temporary files are now created with random filenames, to improve security.
3977 dd. The readline initialization code now binds the custom bash functions and
3978 key bindings after the readline defaults are set up.
3980 ee. Fixed the `source' builtin to no longer overwrite a shell function's
3981 argument list, even if the sourced file changes the positional parameters.
3983 ff. A bug fix was made in the expansion of `$*' in contexts where it should
3984 not be split, like assignment statements.
3986 gg. Fixed a bug in the parameter substring expansion to handle conditional
3987 arithmetic expressions ( exp ? val1 : val2 ) without cutting the expression
3988 off at the wrong `:'.
3990 hh. The `<>' redirection is no longer subject to the current setting of
3991 `noclobber', as POSIX.2 specifies.
3993 ii. Fixed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused expressions
3994 in parentheses to occasionally be parsed incorrectly.
3996 jj. Fixed a bug in the ((...)) arithmetic command to allow do...done or
3997 {...} to follow the )) without an intervening list terminator.
3999 kk. `printf' now treats `\E' the same as `\e' when performing backslash escape
4000 expansion for the `%b' format specifier.
4002 ll. When in POSIX mode, the shell no longer searches the current directory for
4003 a file to be sourced with `.' or `source' if `.' is not in $PATH.
4005 mm. Interactive comments are no longer turned off when POSIX mode is disabled.
4007 nn. The UID, EUID, HOSTNAME variables are not set if they are in the shell's
4008 environment when it starts up.
4010 oo. Fixed a bug in the `command' builtin so the effect of a command like
4011 `command exec 4<file' is as if the `command' had been omitted.
4013 pp. ${foo[@]} and ${foo[*]} now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not an array
4016 qq. ${#foo[X]}, where X is 0, @, or *, now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not
4019 rr. The shell's idea of an absolute pathname now takes into account a
4020 possible drive specification on Cygwin and other Windows systems.
4022 ss. Fixed a bug which caused incorrect parsing of some multi-character
4023 constructs if they were split across input lines with backslash-newline
4026 tt. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shell mode to be set inappropriately
4027 when trying to execute a shell script without a leading `#!'.
4029 uu. Shell function definitions no longer require that the body be a group
4030 command ( {...} ), as POSIX.2 requires.
4032 vv. The `cd' and `pwd' builtins now process symlinks in pathnames internally
4033 and should require many fewer calls to getcwd().
4035 ww. Fixed a bug that caused a pipeline's process group to be set incorrectly
4036 if one of the pipeline elements contained a command substitution.
4038 xx. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when expanding the value of HISTIGNORE.
4040 yy. The output of `set' is now quoted using $'...' so invisible characters are
4041 displayed as escape sequences.
4043 zz. Fixed the help text for `unset', since PATH and IFS may both be unset.
4045 aaa. The shell no longer puts directory names into the command hash table.
4047 bbb. Fixed a bug in `read' that caused it to occasionally free memory twice if
4048 it was interrupted after reading a large amount of data.
4050 ccc. Assignment statements that attempt to assign values to readonly variables
4051 now cause the command to return an error status.
4053 ddd. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect output if a $(<file) construct was
4056 eee. GROUPS and FUNCNAME now return an error status when assignment is
4057 attempted, but may be unset (in which case they lose their special
4058 properties). In all respects except unsetting, they are readonly.
4060 fff. The string-to-integer conversion code now ignores trailing whitespace in
4061 the string, even if strtol(3) does not.
4063 ggg. The tcsh magic-space function now does a better job of inserting the
4064 space close to where the point was before the history expansion, rather
4065 than just appending it.
4067 hhh. Fixed a bug which caused a file sourced from an interactive shell to
4068 fill up the jobs table if it ran lots of jobs.
4070 iii. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code to avoid infinite
4071 recursion on zero-length matches.
4073 2. Changes to Readline
4075 a. When setting the terminal attributes on systems using `struct termio',
4076 readline waits for output to drain before changing the attributes.
4078 b. A fix was made to the history word tokenization code to avoid attempts to
4079 dereference a null pointer.
4081 c. Readline now defaults rl_terminal_name to $TERM if the calling application
4082 has left it unset, and tries to initialize with the resultant value.
4084 d. Instead of calling (*rl_getc_function)() directly to get input in certain
4085 places, readline now calls rl_read_key() consistently.
4087 e. Fixed a bug in the completion code that allowed a backslash to quote a
4088 single quote inside a single-quoted string.
4090 f. rl_prompt is no longer assigned directly from the argument to readline(),
4091 but uses memory allocated by readline. This allows constant strings to
4092 be passed to readline without problems arising when the prompt processing
4093 code wants to modify the string.
4095 g. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive history searches to return the
4096 wrong line when performing multiple searches backward for the same string.
4098 h. Many variables, function arguments, and function return values are now
4099 declared `const' where appropriate, to improve behavior when linking with
4102 i. The control character detection code now works better on systems where
4103 `char' is unsigned by default.
4105 j. The vi-mode numeric argument is now capped at 999999, just like emacs mode.
4107 k. The Function, CPFunction, CPPFunction, and VFunction typedefs have been
4108 replaced with a set of specific prototyped typedefs, though they are
4109 still in the readline header files for backwards compatibility.
4111 m. Nearly all of the (undocumented) internal global variables in the library
4112 now have an _rl_ prefix -- there were a number that did not, like
4113 screenheight, screenwidth, alphabetic, etc.
4115 n. The ding() convenience function has been renamed to rl_ding(), though the
4116 old function is still defined for backwards compatibility.
4118 o. The completion convenience functions filename_completion_function,
4119 username_completion_function, and completion_matches now have an rl_
4120 prefix, though the old names are still defined for backwards compatibility.
4122 p. The functions shared by readline and bash (linkage is satisfied from bash
4123 when compiling with bash, and internally otherwise) now have an sh_ prefix.
4125 q. Changed the shared library creation procedure on Linux and BSD/OS 4.x so
4126 that the `soname' contains only the major version number rather than the
4127 major and minor numbers.
4129 r. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred when the prompt spanned more than one
4130 physical line and contained invisible characters.
4132 3. New Features in Bash
4134 a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
4135 per the new GNU coding standards.
4137 b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
4140 c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
4141 of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
4143 default - perform bash default completion if programmable
4144 completion produces no matches
4145 dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
4146 completion produces no matches
4147 filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
4148 so it can do things like append slashes to
4149 directory names and suppress trailing spaces
4151 4. New Features in Readline
4153 a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications.
4155 b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means
4156 it's now part of the public interface.
4158 c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that
4159 encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by
4160 callbacks and hook functions.
4162 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4163 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-release,
4164 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta5.
4168 a. Better compile-time and configure-time checks for the necessity of
4171 b. A bug was fixed in the expansion of "${@:-}" when there are positional
4174 c. A typo was fixed in the output of `complete'.
4176 d. The matches generated for a word by the `-W' argument to complete and
4177 compgen are now matched against the word being completed, and only
4178 matches are returned as the result.
4180 e. Some fixes were made for systems which do not restart read(2) when a
4181 signal caught by bash is received.
4183 f. A bug was fixed which caused the umask to be set to 0 when an invalid
4184 symbolic mode mask was parsed.
4186 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a SIGCHLD was received while
4187 performing an assignment statement using command substitution.
4189 h. Changed the word splitting function for programmable completion so cases
4190 in which the cursor is between words are handled a bit better.
4192 2. Changes to Readline
4194 a. rl_funmap_names() is now documented.
4196 3. New Features in Bash
4198 a. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the
4199 LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf'
4200 displays floating-point numbers.
4202 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4203 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta5,
4204 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta4.
4208 a. A couple of changes were made to the Makefiles for easier building on
4211 b. Fixed a bug where the current prompt would be set to $PS2 at startup.
4213 c. The shell script that tests an already-installed version was changed to
4214 remove the directory it created its test programs in at exit.
4216 d. Several changes were made to the code that tokenizes an input line for
4217 the programmable completion code. Shell metacharacters will now appear
4218 as individual words in the word list passed to the completion functions.
4219 Some of the example completion shell functions were changed to understand
4220 redirection operators.
4222 e. A bug was fixed that, under obscure circumstances, could confuse the
4223 parser when a shell function was run by the programmable completion code.
4225 f. A bug was fixed in the ulimit builtin for systems not using getrlimit().
4227 g. The execution code now propagates the correct exit status back to the rest
4228 of the code if the return value of a subshell command was being inverted.
4229 Some new test cases for inverting return values with the `!' reserved
4230 word have been added.
4232 h. Negative exponents in the arithmetic evaluation of v**e now return an
4235 i. A bug that caused bash to check the wrong process in a pipeline for
4236 abnormal termination (and consequently resetting the terminal attributes)
4239 j. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to be displayed after PROMPT_COMMAND was
4242 2. Changes to Readline
4244 1. Fixed a bug in a C preprocessor define that caused the keypad control
4245 functions to be compiled out for all platforms except DJGPP.
4247 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4248 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta4,
4249 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta3.
4253 a. A couple of changes were made to the redirection to attempt to avoid
4254 race conditions and malicious file replacement.
4256 2. A change was made to the string evaluation code (used for command
4257 substitution, `eval', and the `.' builtin) to fix an obscure core
4258 dump on alpha machines.
4260 3. A bug that caused $LINENO to be wrong when executing arithmetic for
4263 4. A couple of memory leaks in the programmable completion code were fixed.
4265 5. A bug that could cause a core dump by freeing memory twice during a call
4266 to `eval' if `set -u' had been enabled and an undefined variable was
4267 referenced was fixed.
4269 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4270 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta3,
4271 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta2.
4275 a. Bash should run the appropriate startup files when invoked by ssh2.
4277 b. Fixed a bug in the parsing of conditional commands that could cause a
4280 c. Fixed a bug in parsing job specifications that occasionally caused
4281 core dumps when an out-of-range job was referenced.
4283 d. Fixed the `type' and `command' builtins to do better reporting of
4284 commands that are not found in $PATH or the hash table.
4286 e. Fixed a POSIX.2 compliance problem in the command builtin -- commands
4287 are supposed to be reported as full pathnames.
4289 f. The `echo' builtin now returns failure if a write error occurs.
4291 g. Fixed a bug which caused the locale to not be reset correctly when
4294 h. Changed description of `getopts' in man page and reference manual to make
4295 it clear that option characters may be characters other than letters.
4297 i. If the shell exits while in a function, make sure that any trap on EXIT
4298 doesn't think the function is still executing.
4300 j. Bashbug now tries harder to find a usable editor if $EDITOR is not set,
4301 rather than simply defaulting to `emacs'.
4303 k. Changes to the scripts that guess and canonicalize the system type, from
4304 the latest `automake' distribution via Debian.
4306 l. When using named pipes for process substitution, make sure the file
4307 descriptors opened for reading are set to non-blocking mode.
4309 m. Fixed a bug that caused termination of pipelines that are killed by a
4310 signal to not be reported in some cases.
4312 n. When not in literal-history mode, shell comment lines are not added to
4315 o. When running in POSIX.2 mode, bash no longer performs word splitting on
4316 the expanded value of the word supplied as the filename argument to
4317 redirection operators.
4319 p. The prompt string decoding code now backslash-quotes only characters that
4320 are special within double quotes when expanding the \w and \W escape
4323 q. Fixed a bug in the prompt decoding code that could cause a non-interactive
4324 shell to seg fault if `\u' was used in PS4 and the shell was in xtrace
4327 r. Fixed a bug that caused function definitions to be printed with any
4328 redirections that should be attached to the entire function before the
4331 s. Changed the tilde expansion code for Cygwin systems to avoid creating
4332 pathnames beginning with `//' if $HOME == `/'.
4334 t. Fixed a couple of autoconf tests to avoid creating files with fixed names
4337 u. The `trap' and `kill' builtins now know the names of the POSIX.1b real-
4338 time signals on systems which support them.
4340 2. Changes to Readline
4342 a. Fixed a problem with the single-quote quoting function that could cause
4345 b. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect `stat characters' to be printed if
4346 the files being completed were in the root directory and visible-stats
4349 3. New Features in Bash
4351 a. There is a new `rbash.1' manual page, from the Debian release.
4353 b. The `--enable-usg-echo-default' option to `configure' has been renamed to
4354 `--enable-xpg-echo-default'. The old option is still there for backwards
4357 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4358 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta2,
4359 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta1.
4363 a. Fixed a bug that could cause pipes to be closed inappropriately in
4366 b. Fixed a bug that caused creation of the exported environment to clobber
4367 the current command string if there were any exported shell functions.
4369 c. Some changes were made to reduce bash's memory usage.
4371 d. Fixed a problem with programmable completion and filenames to be
4372 completed containing quote characters.
4374 e. Changed the code the removes named pipes created for the <(...) and >(...)
4375 expansions to defer removal until after any current shell function has
4378 f. Fixed a bug in `select' which caused it to not handle the `continue'
4381 g. Autoconf tests added for cygwin32 and mingw32.
4383 2. New Features in Bash
4385 a. The `--with-bash-malloc' configure option replaces `--with-gnu-malloc'
4386 (which is still there for backwards compatibility).
4388 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4389 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta1,
4390 and the previous version, bash-2.04-alpha1.
4394 a. Fixed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when
4395 trying to complete command lines containing a `;' or `@'.
4397 b. The file descriptor from which the shell is reading a script is now
4398 moved to a file descriptor above the user-addressible range.
4400 c. Changes to `printf' so that it can handle integers beginning with 0
4401 or 0x as octal and hex, respectively.
4403 d. Fixes to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense like
4404 `compgen -C xyz' gracefully.
4406 e. The shell no longer modifies the signal handler for SIGPROF, allowing
4407 profiling again on certain systems.
4409 f. The shell checks for a new window size, if the user has requested it,
4410 after a process exits due to a signal.
4412 g. Fixed a bug with variables with null values in a program's temporary
4413 environment and the bash getenv() replacement.
4415 h. `declare' and the other builtins that take variable assignments as
4416 arguments now honor `set -a' and mark modified variables for export.
4418 i. Some changes were made for --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings
4419 with embedded newlines.
4421 j. The code that caches export strings from the initial environment now
4422 duplicates the string rather than just pointing into the environment.
4424 k. The filename completion quoting code now uses single quotes by default
4425 if the filename being completed contains newlines, since \<newline>
4426 has a special meaning to the parser.
4428 l. Bash now uses typedefs bits32_t and u_bits32_t instead of int32_t and
4429 u_int32_t, respectively to avoid conflicts on certain Unix versions.
4431 m. Configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, Mac OS, FreeBSD-3.x.
4433 n. Fixed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the
4434 /dev/(tcp|udp)/hostname/port redirection code.
4436 o. The texinfo manual has been reorganized slightly.
4438 p. Filename generation (globbing) range comparisons in bracket expressions
4439 no longer use strcoll(3) even if it is available, since it has unwanted
4440 effects in certain locales.
4442 q. Fixed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not
4443 compile if DPAREN_ARITHMETIC was not defined but ARITH_FOR_COMMAND was.
4445 r. Fixed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the file descriptor
4446 opened to the file containing the text of the here document was the
4447 same as a redirector specified by the user.
4449 s. Fixed a bug where the INVERT_RETURN flag was not being set for `pipeline'
4450 in `time ! pipeline'.
4452 t. Fixed a bug with the `wait' builtin which manifested itself when an
4453 interrupt was received while the shell was waiting for asynchronous
4454 processes in a shell script.
4456 u. Fixed the DEBUG trap code so that it has the correct value of $?.
4458 v. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause
4459 the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if the pattern started
4460 with `/' and an expansion error occurs.
4462 w. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could
4463 cause the shell to loop freeing freed memory.
4465 x. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so
4466 that it correctly handles null replacement strings with a pattern
4467 string prefixed with `%' or `#'.
4469 y. The shell no longer attempts to import functions from the environment if
4472 z. Fixed a bug that caused `return' in a command substitution executed in
4473 a shell function to return from the function in a subshell and continue
4476 aa. `hash -p /pathname/with/slashes name' is no longer allowed when the shell
4479 bb. The wait* job control functions now behave better if called when there
4480 are no unwaited-for children.
4482 cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionally disables job control in
4483 the subshell started to run the command.
4485 dd. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused traps to mess up the parser
4488 ee. `bashbug' now honors user headers in the mail message it sends.
4490 ff. A bug was fixed that caused the `:p' history modifier to not print the
4491 history expansion if the `histverify' option was set.
4493 2. Changes to Readline
4495 a. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code for lines with more than 256 line
4498 b. A bug was fixed which caused invisible character markers to not be
4499 stripped from the prompt string if the terminal was in no-echo mode.
4501 c. Readline no longer tries to get the variables it needs for redisplay
4502 from the termcap entry if the calling application has specified its
4503 own redisplay function. Readline treats the terminal as `dumb' in
4506 d. Fixes to the SIGWINCH code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape
4507 sequences is redrawn correctly.
4509 3. New Features in Bash
4511 a. `bashbug' now accepts `--help' and `--version' options.
4513 b. There is a new `xpg_echo' option to `shopt' that controls the behavior
4514 of echo with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime.
4516 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4517 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-alpha1,
4518 and the previous version, bash-2.04-devel.
4522 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when performing substring
4525 b. Shared object configuration changes for: Solaris, OSF/1
4527 c. The POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY code that uses the POSIX.2 globbing facilities
4528 for pathname expansion now understands GLOBIGNORE.
4530 d. The code that implements `eval' was changed to save the value of the
4531 current prompt, so an eval in a shell function called by the programmable
4532 completion code will not change the prompt to $PS2.
4534 e. Restored the undocumented NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define to
4535 config-top.h. If this is defined, all login shells will read the
4536 startup files, not just interactive and non-interactive started with
4537 the `--login' option.
4539 f. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion code to occasionally dump core if
4540 IFS contained characters > 128.
4542 g. Fixed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not required
4543 after the `))' in the new-style arithmetic for statement; a semicolon
4544 may be used as expected.
4546 h. Variable indirection may now reference the shell's special variables.
4548 i. The $'...' and $"..." constructs are now added to the history correctly
4549 if they contain newlines and command-oriented history is enabled.
4551 j. It is now an error to try to assign a value to a function-local copy
4552 of a readonly shell variable (declared with the `local' builtin).
4554 2. Changes to Readline
4556 a. The history file code now uses O_BINARY mode when reading and writing
4557 the history file on cygwin32.
4559 3. New Features in Bash
4561 a. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands:
4562 complete and compgen.
4564 b. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the
4565 programmable completion features (enabled by default).
4567 c. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable
4568 completion at runtime.
4570 d. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion.
4572 4. New Features in Readline
4574 a. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an
4575 application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real'
4576 readline library or some substitute.
4578 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4579 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-devel,
4580 and the previous version, bash-2.03-release.
4584 a. System-specific configuration and source changes for: Interix, Rhapsody
4586 b. Fixed a bug in execute_cmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error if
4587 JOB_CONTROL was not defined.
4589 c. An obscure race condition in the trap code was fixed.
4591 d. The string resulting from $'...' is now requoted to avoid any further
4594 e. The $'...' quoting syntax now allows backslash to escape a single quote,
4595 for ksh-93 compatibility.
4597 f. The $"..." quoting syntax now escapes backslashes and double quotes in
4598 the translated string when displaying them with the --dump-po-strings
4601 g. `echo -e' no longer converts \' to '.
4603 h. Fixes were made to the extended globbing code to handle embedded (...)
4606 i. Some improvements were made to the code that unsets `nodelay' mode on
4607 the file descriptor from which bash is reading input.
4609 j. Some changes were made to the replacement termcap library for better
4610 operation on MS-DOS.
4612 k. Some changes were made to the tilde expansion code to handle backslash
4613 as a pathname separator on MS-DOS.
4615 l. The source has been reorganized a little bit -- there is now an `include'
4616 subdirectory, and lib/posixheaders has been removed.
4618 m. Improvements were made to the `read' builtin so that it makes many
4619 fewer read(2) system calls.
4621 n. The expansion of $- will include `c' and `s' when those options are
4622 supplied at shell invocation.
4624 o. Several improvments were made to the completion code: variable completion
4625 now works better when there are unterminated expansions, command
4626 completion understands quotes better, and completion now works in certain
4627 unclosed $(... constructs.
4629 p. The arithmetic expansion code was fixed to not need the value of a
4630 variable being assigned a value (fixes the "ss=09; let ss=10" bug).
4632 q. Some changes were made to make exported environment creation faster.
4634 r. The html documentation will be installed into $(htmldir) if that variable
4635 has a value when `make install' is run.
4637 s. Fixed a bug that would cause the bashrc file to be sourced inappropriately
4638 when bash is started by sshd.
4640 t. The SSH_CLIENT environment variable is no longer auto-exported.
4642 u. A bug that caused redirections with (...) subshells to be performed in
4643 the wrong order was fixed.
4645 v. A bug that occasionally caused inappropriate expansion of assignment
4646 statements in compound array assignments was fixed.
4648 w. The code that parses the words in a compound array assignment was
4649 simplified considerably and should work better now.
4651 x. Fixes to the non-job-control code in nojobs.c to make it POSIX.2-compliant
4652 when a user attempts to retrieve the status of a terminated background
4655 y. Fixes to the `printf' builtin so that it doesn't try to expand all
4656 backslash escape sequences in the format string before parsing it for
4657 % format specifiers.
4659 2. Changes to Readline
4661 a. The history library tries to truncate the history file only if it is a
4664 b. A bug that caused _rl_dispatch to address negative array indices on
4665 systems with signed chars was fixed.
4667 c. rl-yank-nth-arg now leaves the history position the same as when it was
4670 d. Changes to the completion code to handle MS-DOS drive-letter:pathname
4673 e. Completion is now case-insensitive by default on MS-DOS.
4675 f. Fixes to the history file manipulation code for MS-DOS.
4677 g. Readline attempts to bind the arrow keys to appropriate defaults on MS-DOS.
4679 h. Some fixes were made to the redisplay code for better operation on MS-DOS.
4681 i. The quoted-insert code will now insert tty special chars like ^C.
4683 j. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to reference memory before
4684 the start of the prompt string.
4686 k. More support for __EMX__ (OS/2).
4688 l. A bug was fixed in readline's signal handling that could cause infinite
4689 recursion in signal handlers.
4691 m. A bug was fixed that caused the point to be less than zero when rl_forward
4692 was given a very large numeric argument.
4694 n. The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value
4695 of rl_getc_function rather than calling rl_getc directly.
4697 3. New Features in Bash
4699 a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry
4700 at position `offset'.
4702 b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of
4703 active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name.
4705 c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell
4708 d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when
4709 enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line.
4711 e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage
4714 f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable
4715 post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variabl pre-increment/decrement),
4716 expr1 , expr2 (comma operator).
4718 g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command:
4719 for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
4721 h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options:
4722 -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input
4723 -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line
4724 -d delim read until delim rather than newline
4725 -s don't echo input chars as they are read
4727 i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially:
4728 /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or
4729 not they are present in the file system.
4731 j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form
4732 /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket
4733 of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host.
4735 k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all
4736 shell variables whose names start with prefix, has been implemented.
4738 l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of
4739 a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.
4741 m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently
4742 discarded. This means it can be unset.
4744 4. New Features in Readline
4746 a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled
4747 or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is
4750 b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename.
4752 c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file.
4754 d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the
4755 line when the string to search for is empty, like
4756 {reverse,forward}-search-history.
4758 e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found
4759 in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails.
4761 f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used
4762 when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline().
4764 g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application
4765 that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to
4768 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4769 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-release,
4770 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta2.
4774 a. A file descriptor leak in the `fc' builtin was fixed.
4776 b. A bug was fixed in the `read' builtin that caused occasional spurious
4777 failures when using `read -e'.
4779 c. The version code needed to use the value of the cpp variable
4780 CONF_MACHTYPE rather than MACHTYPE.
4782 d. A new test was added to exercise the command printing and copying code.
4784 e. A bug was fixed that caused `time' to be recognized as a reserved word
4785 if it was the first pattern in a `case' statement pattern list.
4787 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4788 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta2,
4789 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta1.
4793 a. Slight additions to support/shobj-conf, mostly for the benefit of AIX 4.2.
4795 b. config.{guess,sub} support added for the NEC SX4.
4797 c. Changed some of the cross-compiling sections of the configure macros in
4798 aclocal.m4 so that configure won't abort.
4800 d. Slight changes to how the HTML versions of the bash and readline manuals
4803 e. Fixed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting printf `%'-escapes
4806 f. Don't include the bash malloc on all variants of the alpha processor.
4808 g. Changes to configure to make --enable-profiling work on Solaris 2.x.
4810 h. Fixed a bug that manifested itself when shell functions were called
4811 between calls to `getopts'.
4813 i. Fixed pattern substitution so that a bare `#'as a pattern causes the
4814 replacement string to be prefixed to the search string, and a bare
4815 `%' causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string.
4817 j. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused child processes
4818 to occasionally have the wrong value for $!.
4820 2. Changes to Readline
4822 a. Added code to the history library to catch history substitutions using
4823 `&' without a previous history substitution or search having been
4826 3. New Features in Bash
4828 4. New Features in Readline
4830 a. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'.
4832 b. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default).
4834 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4835 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta1,
4836 and the previous version, bash-2.03-alpha.
4840 a. A change was made to the help text for `{...}' to make it clear that a
4841 semicolon is required before the closing brace.
4843 b. A fix was made to the `test' builtin so that syntax errors cause test
4844 to return an exit status > 1.
4846 c. Globbing is no longer performed on assignment statements that appear as
4847 arguments to `assignment builtins' such as `export'.
4849 d. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody,
4850 AIX 4.2/gcc, BSD/OS 4.0.
4852 e. New loadable builtins: ln, unlink.
4854 f. Some fixes were made to the globbing code to handle extended glob patterns
4855 which immediately follow a `*'.
4857 g. A fix was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections
4858 following compound commands have a space separating them from the rest
4861 h. The pathname canonicalization code was changed to produce fewer leading
4862 `//' sequences, since those are interpreted as network file system
4863 pathnames on some systems.
4865 i. A fix was made so that loops containing `eval' commands in commands passed
4866 to `bash -c' would not exit prematurely.
4868 j. Some changes were made to the job reaping code when the shell is not
4869 interactive, so the shell will retain exit statuses longer for examination
4872 k. A fix was made so that `jobs | command' works again.
4874 l. The erroneous compound array assignment var=((...)) is now a syntax error.
4876 m. A change was made to the dynamic loading code in `enable' to support
4879 n. A fix was made to the globbing code so that extended globbing patterns
4880 will correctly match `.' in a bracket expression.
4882 2. Changes to Readline
4884 a. A fix was made to the completion code in which a typo caused the wrong
4885 value to be passed to the function that computed the longest common
4886 prefix of the list of matches.
4888 b. The completion code now checks the value of rl_filename_completion_desired,
4889 which is set by application-supplied completion functions to indicate
4890 that filename completion is being performed, to decide whether or not to
4891 call an application-supplied `ignore completions' function.
4893 3. New Features in Bash
4895 a. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with
4896 the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login
4897 shell startup files.
4899 4. New Features in Readline
4901 a. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using
4902 readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the
4903 only thing typed was a newline.
4905 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4906 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-alpha,
4907 and the previous version, bash-2.02.1-release.
4911 a. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.x, Unixware 7.
4913 b. The texi2dvi and texi2html scripts were updated to the latest versions
4916 c. The configure tests that determine which native type is 32 bits were
4917 changed to not require a compiled program.
4919 d. Fixed a bug in shell_execve that could cause memory to be freed twice
4920 after a failed exec.
4922 e. The `printf' test uses `diff -a' if it's available to prevent confusion
4923 due to the non-ascii output.
4925 f. Shared object configuration is now performed by a shell script,
4926 support/shobj-conf, which generates values to be substituted into
4927 makefiles by configure.
4929 g. Some changes were made to `ulimit' to avoid the use of RLIM_INVALID as a
4932 h. Changes were made to `ulimit' to work around HPUX 9.x's peculiar
4933 handling of RLIMIT_FILESIZE.
4935 i. Some new loadable builtins were added: id, printenv, sync, whoami, push,
4936 mkdir. `pushd', `popd', and `dirs' can now be built as regular or
4937 loadable builtins from the same source file.
4939 j. Changes were made to `printf' to handle NUL bytes in the expanded format
4942 k. The various `make clean' Makefile targets now descend into lib/sh.
4944 l. The `type' builtin was changed to use the internal `getopt' so that things
4945 like `type -ap' work as expected.
4947 m. There is a new configuration option, --with-installed-readline, to link
4948 bash with a locally-installed version of readline. Only readline version
4949 4.0 and later releases can support this. Shared and static libraries
4950 are supported. The installed include files are used.
4952 n. There is a new autoconf macro used to find which basic type is 64 bits.
4954 o. Dynamic linking and loadable builtins should now work on SCO 3.2v5*,
4955 AIX 4.2 with gcc, Unixware 7, and many other systems using gcc, where
4956 the `-shared' options works correctly.
4958 p. A bug was fixed in the bash filename completion code that caused memory to
4959 be freed twice if a directory name containing an unset variable was
4960 completed and the -u option was set.
4962 q. The prompt expansion code now quotes the `$' in the `\$' expansion so it
4963 is not processed by subsequent parameter expansion.
4965 r. Fixed a parsing bug that caused a single or double quote after a `$$' to
4966 trigger ANSI C expansion or locale translation.
4968 s. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused quoted filenames containing
4969 no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectly expanded.
4971 t. Changes to the default prompt strings if prompt string decoding is not
4972 compiled into the shell.
4974 u. Added `do', `then', `else', `{', and `(' to the list of keywords that may
4975 precede the `time' reserved word.
4977 v. The shell may now be cross-built for BeOS as well as cygwin32.
4979 w. The conditional command execution code now treats `=' the same as `=='
4980 for deciding when to perform pattern matching.
4982 x. The `-e' option no longer causes the shell to exit if a command exits
4983 with a non-zero status while running the startup files.
4985 y. The `printf' builtin no longer dumps core if a modifier is supplied in
4986 the format string without a conversion character (e.g. `%h').
4988 z. Array assignments of the form a=(...) no longer show up in the history
4991 aa. The parser was fixed to obey the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing
4992 `}' in a ${...} expression.
4994 bb. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 rather than 0666, so bash
4995 no longer relies on the user's umask being set appropriately.
4997 cc. Setting LANG no longer causes LC_ALL to be assigned a value; bash now
4998 relies on proper behavior from the C library.
5000 dd. Minor changes were made to allow quoted variable expansions using
5001 ${...} to be completed correctly if there is no closing `"'.
5003 ee. Changes were made to builtins/Makefile.in so that configuring the shell
5004 with `--enable-profiling' works right and builtins/mkbuiltins is
5007 2. Changes to Readline
5009 a. The version number is now 4.0.
5011 b. There is no longer any #ifdef SHELL code in the source files.
5013 c. Some changes were made to the key binding code to fix memory leaks and
5014 better support Win32 systems.
5016 d. Fixed a silly typo in the paren matching code -- it's microseconds, not
5019 e. The readline library should be compilable by C++ compilers.
5021 f. The readline.h public header file now includes function prototypes for
5022 all readline functions, and some changes were made to fix errors in the
5023 source files uncovered by the use of prototypes.
5025 g. The maximum numeric argument is now clamped at 1000000.
5027 h. Fixes to rl_yank_last_arg to make it behave better.
5029 i. Fixed a bug in the display code that caused core dumps if the prompt
5030 string length exceeded 1024 characters.
5032 j. The menu completion code was fixed to properly insert a single completion
5033 if there is only one match.
5035 k. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to improperly display tabs
5038 3. New Features in Bash
5040 a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the
5041 shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files.
5043 b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
5044 array assignments (which it probably should have done all along).
5046 c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require.
5048 d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell.
5050 4. New Features in Readline
5052 a. Many changes to the signal handling:
5053 o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning;
5054 o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers
5055 to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own
5056 signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP,
5057 SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU;
5058 o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application
5059 writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its
5060 own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling
5061 applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed;
5062 o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal
5063 handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current
5064 line after receiving a signal;
5065 o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the
5066 display and terminal state after receiving a signal;
5067 o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the
5068 terminal and display state after an application signal handler
5069 returns and readline continues
5071 b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of
5072 the screen size after a SIGWINCH.
5074 c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were
5075 previously private functions with a `_' prefix.
5077 d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts
5078 reading input, after initialization.
5080 e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would
5081 display the list of completion matches. The new function
5082 rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available
5083 for use by application functions called via this hook.
5085 f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh.
5087 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5088 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02.1-release,
5089 and the previous version, bash-2.02-release.
5093 a. A bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases
5094 and csh-style history were configured into the shell was fixed.
5096 b. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained
5097 more than 1000 characters.
5099 c. Fixed a bug that caused a CDPATH entry of "" to not be treated the same
5100 as the current directory when in POSIX mode.
5102 d. Fixed an alignment problem with the memory returned by the bash malloc,
5103 so returned memory is now 64-bit aligned.
5105 e. Fixed a bug that caused command substitutions executed within pipelines
5106 to put the terminal in the wrong process group.
5108 f. Fixes to support/config.sub for: alphas, SCO Open Server and Open Desktop,
5109 Unixware 2, and Unixware 7.
5111 g. Fixes to the pattern matching code to make it work correctly for eight-bit
5114 h. Fixed a problem that occasionally caused the shell to display the wrong
5115 value for the new working directory when changing to a directory found
5116 in $CDPATH when in physical mode.
5118 i. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in
5121 j. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to loop forever if the format
5122 string did not consume any of the arguments.
5124 k. Fixed a bug in the parameter expansion code that caused "$@" to be
5125 incorrectly split if $IFS did not contain a space character.
5127 l. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames if
5128 the number of matching hostnames was an exact multiple of 16.
5130 m. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fork too early when a command
5131 such as `%2 &' was given.
5133 2. Changes to Readline
5135 a. Fixed a problem with redisplay that showed up when the prompt string was
5136 longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters.
5138 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5139 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-release,
5140 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta2.
5144 a. A bug was fixed that caused the terminal process group to be set
5145 incorrectly when performing command substitution of builtins in a
5148 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5149 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta2,
5150 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta1.
5154 a. Attempting to `wait' for stopped jobs now generates a warning message.
5156 b. Pipelines which exit due to SIGPIPE in non-interactive shells are now
5157 not reported if the shell is compiled -DDONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE.
5159 c. Some changes were made to builtins/psize.sh and support/bashbug.sh to
5160 attempt to avoid some /tmp file races and surreptitious file
5163 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to compile if configured with
5164 dparen arithmetic but without aliases.
5166 e. Fixed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning
5167 empty arrays with `bash -c'.
5169 f. A bug was fixed in the readline expansion glue code that caused bash to
5170 dump core when expanding lines with an unclosed single quote.
5172 g. A fix was made to the `cd' builtin so that using a non-empty directory
5173 from $CDPATH results in an absolute pathname of the new current working
5174 directory to be displayed after the current directory is changed.
5176 h. Fixed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to
5177 dump core when referencing an unset variable with `set -u' enabled in
5178 an assignment statement preceding a command.
5180 i. Fixed a bug in the exit trap code that caused reserved words to not be
5181 recognized under certain circumstances.
5183 j. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that quote
5184 removal is performed.
5186 k. The shell should now configure correctly on Apple Rhapsody systems.
5188 l. The `kill' builtin now prints a usage message if it is not passed any
5191 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5192 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta1,
5193 and the previous version, bash-2.02-alpha1.
5197 a. A few compilation bugs were fixed in the new extended globbing code.
5199 b. Executing arithmetic commands now sets the command name to `((' so
5200 error messages look right.
5202 c. Fixed some build problems with various configuration options.
5204 d. The `printf' builtin now aborts immediately if an illegal format
5205 character is encountered.
5207 e. The code that creates here-documents now behaves better if the file it's
5208 trying to create already exists for some reason.
5210 f. Fixed a problem with the extended globbing code that made patterns like
5211 `x+*' expand incorrectly.
5213 g. The prompt string expansion code no longer quotes tildes with backslashes.
5215 h. The bash getcwd() implementation in lib/sh/getcwd.c now behaves better in
5216 the presence of lstat(2) failures.
5218 i. Fixed a bug with strsub() that caused core dumps when executing `fc -s'.
5220 j. The mail checking code now ensures that it has a valid default mailpath.
5222 k. A bug was fixed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriately
5223 when sourcing a script from within another sourced script.
5225 l. A bug was fixed in the history saving code so that functions are saved
5226 in the history list correctly if `cmdhist' is enabled, but `lithist'
5229 m. A bug was fixed that caused printf overflows when displaying error
5232 n. It should be easier to build the loadble builtins in examples/loadables,
5233 though some manual editing of the generated Makefile is still required.
5235 o. The user's primary group is now always ${GROUPS[0]}.
5237 p. Some updates were made to support/config.guess from the GNU master copy.
5239 q. Some changes were made to the autoconf support for Solaris 2.6 large
5242 r. The `command' builtins now does the right thing when confstr(3) cannot
5243 find a value for _CS_PATH.
5245 s. Extended globbing expressions like `*.!(c)' are not history expanded if
5246 `extglob' is enabled.
5248 t. Using the `-P' option to `cd' will force the value that is assigned to
5249 PWD to not contain any symbolic links.
5251 2. Changes to Readline
5253 a. The code that prints completion listings now behaves better if one or
5254 more of the filenames contains non-printable characters.
5256 b. The time delay when showing matching parentheses is now 0.5 seconds.
5258 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5259 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-alpha1,
5260 and the previous version, bash-2.01.1-release.
5264 a. OS-specific configuration changes for: BSD/OS 3.x, Minix 2.x,
5265 Solaris 2.6, SINIX SVR4.
5267 b. Changes were made to the generated `info' files so that `install-info'
5270 c. PWD is now auto-exported.
5272 d. A fix was made to the pipeline code to make sure that the shell forks
5273 to execute simple commands consisting solely of assignment statements.
5275 e. Changes to the test suite for systems with 14-character filenames.
5277 f. The default sizes of some internal hash tables have been made smaller
5278 to reduce the shell's memory footprint.
5280 g. The `((...))' arithmetic command is now executed directly instead of
5281 being translated into `let "..."'.
5283 h. Fixes were made to the expansion code so that "$*", "$@", "${array[@]}",
5284 and "${array[@]}" expand correctly when IFS does not contain a space
5285 character, is unset, or is set to NULL.
5287 i. The indirect expansion code (${!var}) was changed so that the only
5288 valid values of `var' are variable names, positional parameters, `#',
5291 j. An arithmetic expression error in a $((...)) expansion now causes a
5292 non-interactive shell running in posix mode to exit.
5294 k. Compound array assignment now splits the words within the parentheses
5295 on shell metacharacters like the parser would before expansing them
5296 and performing the assignment. This is for compatibility with ksh-93.
5298 l. The internal shell backslash-quoting code (used in the output of `set'
5299 and completion) now quotes tildes if they appear at the start of the
5300 string or after a `=' or `:'.
5302 m. A couple of bugs with `shopt -o' were fixed.
5304 n. `bash +o' now displays the same output as `set +o' before starting an
5307 o. A bug that caused command substitution and the `eval' builtin to
5308 occasionally free memory twice when an error was encountered was fixed.
5310 p. The filename globbing code no longer requires read permission for a
5311 directory when the filename to be matched does not contain any globbing
5312 characters, as POSIX.2 specifies.
5314 q. A bug was fixed so that the job containing the last asynchronous
5315 process is not removed from the job table until a `wait' is executed
5316 for that process or another asynchronous process is started. This
5317 satisfies a POSIX.2 requirement.
5319 r. A `select' bug was fixed so that a non-numeric user response is treated
5320 the same as a numeric response that is out of range.
5322 s. The shell no longer parses the value of SHELLOPTS from the environment
5323 if it is restricted, running setuid, or running in `privileged mode'.
5325 t. Fixes were made to enable large file support on systems such as
5326 Solaris 2.6, where the size of a file may be larger than can be held
5329 u. The filename hashing code was fixed to not add `./' to the beginning of
5330 filenames which already begin with `./'.
5332 v. The configure script was changed so that the GNU termcap library is not
5333 compiled in if `prefer-curses' has been specified.
5335 w. HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE are no longer applied to the second and
5336 subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
5338 x. A fix was made to `disown' so that it does a better job of catching
5341 y. Non-interactive shells no longer report the status of processes terminated
5342 due to SIGINT, even if the standard output is a terminal.
5344 z. A bug that caused the output of `jobs' to have extra carriage returns
5347 aa. A bug that caused PIPESTATUS to not be set when builtins or shell
5348 functions were executed in the foreground was fixed.
5350 bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run by sshd, and treats
5351 that case identically to being run by rshd.
5353 cc. A bug that caused `set -a' to export SHELLOPTS when one of the shell
5354 options was changed was fixed.
5356 dd. The `kill' builtin now disallows empty or missing process id arguments
5357 instead of treating them as identical to `0', which means the current
5360 ee. `var=value declare -x var' now behaves identically to
5361 `var=value export var'. Similarly for `var=value declare -r var' and
5362 `var=value readonly var'.
5364 ff. A few memory leaks were fixed.
5366 gg. `alias' and `unalias' now print error messages when passed an argument
5367 that is not an alias for printing or deletion, even when the shell is
5368 not interactive, as POSIX.2 specifies.
5370 hh. `alias' and `alias -p' now return a status of 0 when no aliases are
5371 defined, as POSIX.2 specifes.
5373 ii. `cd -' now prints the pathname of the new working directory if the shell
5376 jj. A fix was made so that the code that binds $PWD now copes with getcwd()
5379 kk. `unset' now checks whether or not a function name it's trying to unset
5380 is a valid shell identifier only when the shell is running in posix mode.
5382 ll. A change was made to the code that generates filenames for here documents
5383 to make them less prone to name collisions.
5385 mm. The parser was changed so that `time' is recognized as a reserved word
5386 only at the beginning of a pipeline.
5388 nn. The pathname canonicalization code was changed so that `//' is converted
5389 into `/', but all other pathnames beginning with `//' are left alone, as
5392 oo. The `logout' builtin will no longer exit a non-interactive non-login
5395 2. Changes to Readline
5397 a. Fixed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core
5400 b. The code that handles parser directives in inputrc files now displays
5401 more error messages.
5403 c. The history expansion code was fixed so that the appearance of the
5404 history comment character at the beginning of a word inhibits history
5405 expansion for that word and the rest of the input line.
5407 3. New Features in Bash
5409 a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many
5410 changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage,
5411 and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed.
5413 b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many
5414 changes and range checking included by default.
5416 c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic
5417 Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating
5418 symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern
5421 d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been
5422 implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'.
5424 e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements
5425 extended `test' functionality.
5427 f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2
5430 g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands
5431 to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed
5432 (equivalent to $(cat filename)).
5434 h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the
5437 i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation.
5439 j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked:
5440 `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and
5441 `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically.
5443 k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which
5444 controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by
5447 l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which
5448 controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included.
5449 It is enabled by default.
5451 m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled,
5452 will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user-
5453 specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is
5456 n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump
5457 a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format.
5459 o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive
5460 pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct.
5462 p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes
5463 the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell
5466 q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an
5467 argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a
5470 r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs
5471 and running jobs, respectively.
5473 s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable
5476 t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument
5477 has been modified since it was last accessed.
5479 u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format.
5481 v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...'
5482 translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN
5485 w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence.
5487 x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on
5490 4. New Features in Readline
5492 a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user
5493 can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history
5496 b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion
5497 matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up
5498 and down the screen (like `ls').
5500 c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion
5501 and matching to be performed case-insensitively.
5503 d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history
5504 expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to
5505 be inserted into the result.
5507 e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like
5508 menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single
5509 completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions).
5511 f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32
5512 systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing
5515 g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash
5516 escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences
5517 may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values.
5519 h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added.
5521 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5522 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01.1-release,
5523 and the previous version, bash-2.01-release.
5527 a. The select command was fixed to check the validity of the user's
5528 input more strenuously.
5530 b. A bug was fixed that prevented `time' from timing commands correctly
5531 when supplied as an argument to `bash -c'.
5533 c. A fix was made to the mail checking code to keep from adding the same
5534 mail file to the list of files to check multiple times when parsing
5537 d. Fixed an off-by-one error in the tilde expansion library.
5539 e. When using the compound array assignment syntax, the old value of
5540 the array is cleared before assigning the new value.
5542 f. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset
5543 to the default in the trap command associated with that signal.
5545 g. Fixed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value
5548 h. A change was made to the parser so that words of the form xxx=(...)
5549 are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are
5550 characters before the `='.
5552 i. A fix was made to the command tracing code to correctly quote each
5555 j. Some changes were made to the bash-specific autoconf tests to make them
5558 k. Completion of words with globbing characters now correctly quotes the
5561 l. The directory /var/spool/mail is now preferred to /usr/spool/mail when
5562 configure is deciding on the default mail directory.
5564 m. The brace completion code was fixed to not quote the `{' and `}'.
5566 n. Some fixes were made to make $RANDOM more random in subshells.
5568 o. System-specific changes were made to configure for: SVR4.2
5570 p. Changes were made so that completion of words containing globbing chars
5571 substitutes the result only if a single filename was matched.
5573 q. The window size is now recomputed after a job is stopped with SIGTSTP if
5574 the user has set `checkwinsize' with `shopt'.
5576 r. When doing substring expansion, out-of-range substring specifiers now
5577 cause nothing to be substituted rather than an expansion error.
5579 s. A fix was made so that you can no longer trap `SIGEXIT' or `SIGDEBUG' --
5580 only `EXIT' and `DEBUG' are accepted.
5582 t. The display of trapped signals now uses the signal number if signals
5583 for which bash does not know the name are trapped.
5585 u. A fix was made so that `bash -r' does not turn on restricted mode until
5586 after the startup files are executed.
5588 v. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused a core dump when a variable
5589 found in the temporary environment of export/declare/readonly had a
5592 w. A bug that occasionally caused unallocated memory to be passed to free()
5593 when doing arithmetic substitution was fixed.
5595 x. A bug that caused a buffer overrun when expanding a prompt string
5596 containing `\w' and ${#PWD} exceeded PATH_MAX was fixed.
5598 y. A problem with the completion code that occasionally caused it to
5599 refer to a character before the beginning of the readline line buffer
5602 z. A bug was fixed so that the `read' builtin restarts reads when
5603 interrupted by signals other than SIGINT.
5605 aa. Fixed a bug that caused a command to be freed twice when there was
5606 an evaluation error in the `eval' command.
5608 2. Changes to Readline
5610 a. Added a missing `extern' to a declaration in readline.h that kept
5611 readline from compiling cleanly on some systems.
5613 b. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 when it is written for
5616 c. Changes were made to the SIGWINCH handling code so that prompt redisplay
5619 d. ^G now interrupts incremental searches correctly.
5621 e. A bug that caused a core dump when the set of characters to be quoted
5622 when completing words was empty was fixed.
5624 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5625 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-release,
5626 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta2.
5630 a. The `distclean' target should remove the `printenv' executable if it
5633 b. The test suite was changed slightly to ensure that the error messages
5634 are printed in English.
5636 c. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when a filename containing a
5637 `/' was passed to `hash' was fixed.
5639 d. Pathname canonicalization now leaves a leading `//' intact, as POSIX.1
5642 e. A memory leak when completing commands was fixed.
5644 f. A memory leak that occurred when checking the hash table for commands
5645 with relative paths was fixed.
5647 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5648 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta2,
5649 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta1.
5653 a. The `ulimit' builtin translates RLIM_INFINITY to the hard limit only if
5654 the current (soft) limit is less than or equal to the hard limit.
5656 b. Fixed a bug that caused the bash emulation of strcasecmp to produce
5659 c. A bug that caused memory to be freed twice when a trap handler resets
5660 the trap more than once was fixed.
5662 d. A bug that caused machines where sizeof (pointer) > sizeof (int) to
5663 fail (and possibly dump core) when trying to unwind-protect a null
5666 e. The startup files should not be run with job control enabled. This fix
5667 allows SIGINT to once again interrupt startup file execution.
5669 f. Bash should not change the SIGPROF handler if it is set to something
5672 g. The completion code that provides bash-specific completions for readline
5673 now quotes characters that the readline code would treat as word break
5674 characters if they appear in a file name.
5676 h. The completion code now correctly quotes filenames containing a `!',
5677 even if the user attempted to use double quotes when attempting
5680 i. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `disown' was called without
5681 arguments and there was no current job was fixed.
5683 j. A construct like $((foo);bar) is now processed as a command substitution
5684 rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution.
5686 k. A couple of bugs that caused `fc' to not obey the `cmdhist' and `lithist'
5687 shell options when editing and re-executing a series of commands were
5690 l. A fix was made to the grammar -- the list of commands between `do' and
5691 `done' in the body of a `for' command should be treated the same as a
5694 2. Changes to Readline
5696 a. A couple of bugs that caused the history search functions to attempt to
5697 free a NULL pointer were fixed.
5699 b. If the C library provides setlocale(3), readline does not need to look
5700 at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into
5701 eight-bit mode automatically -- just check whether the current locale
5702 is not `C' or `POSIX'.
5704 c. If the filename completion function finds that a directory was not closed
5705 by a previous (interrupted) completion, it closes the directory with
5708 3. New Features in Bash
5710 a. New bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and
5711 alias-expand-line. The code was always in there, there was just no
5714 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5715 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta1,
5716 and the previous version, bash-2.01-alpha1.
5720 a. Fixed a problem that could cause file descriptors used for process
5721 substitution to conflict with those used explicitly in redirections.
5723 b. Made it easier to regenerate configure if the user changes configure.in.
5725 c. ${GROUPS[0]} should always be the primary group, even on systems without
5728 d. Spelling correction is no longer enabled by default.
5730 e. Fixes to quoting problems in `bashbug'.
5732 f. OS-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.
5734 g. OS-specific code changes were made for: QNX.
5736 h. A more meaningful message is now printed when the file in /tmp for a
5737 here document cannot be created.
5739 i. Many changes to the shell's variable initialization code to speed
5740 non-interactive startup.
5742 j. Changes to the non-job-control code so that it does not try to open
5745 k. The output of `set' and `export' is once again sorted, as POSIX wants.
5747 l. Fixed a problem caused by a recursive call reparsing the value of
5750 m. The tilde code no longer calls getenv() when it's compiled as part of
5751 the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot
5752 redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS.
5754 n. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -o' or `bash +o' to not list all
5757 o. Fixed `ulimit' to convert RLIM_INFINITY to the appropriate hard limit
5758 only if the hard limit is greater than the current (soft) limit.
5760 p. Fixed a problem that arose when building bash in a different directory
5761 than the source and y.tab.[ch] were remade with something other than
5762 bison. This came up most often on NetBSD.
5764 q. Fixed a problem with completion -- it thought that `pwd`/[TAB] indicated
5765 an unfinished command completion (`/), which generated errors.
5767 r. The bash special tilde expansions (~-, ~+) are now attempted before
5768 calling the standard tilde expansion code, which should eliminate the
5769 problems people have been seeing with this on Solaris 2.5.1.
5771 s. Added support for <stdarg.h> to places where it was missing.
5773 t. Changed the code that reads the output of a command substitution to not
5774 go through stdio. This reduces the memory requirements and is faster.
5776 u. A number of changes to speed up export environment creation were made.
5778 v. A number of memory leaks were fixed as the result of running the test
5779 scripts through Purify.
5781 w. Fixed a bug that caused subshells forked to interpret executable
5782 scripts without a leading `#!' to not reinitialize the values of
5785 2. Changes to Readline
5787 a. History library has less `#ifdef SHELL' code -- abstracted stuff out
5788 into application-specific function hooks.
5790 b. Readline no longer calls getenv() if it's compiled as part of the shell,
5791 which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(),
5794 c. Fixed translation of ESC when `untranslating' macro values.
5796 d. The region kill operation now fixes the mark if it ends up beyond the
5797 boundaries of the line after the region is deleted.
5799 3. New Features in Bash
5801 a. New argument for `configure': `--with-curses'. This can be used to
5802 override the selection of the termcap library on systems where it is
5805 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5806 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-alpha1,
5807 and the previous version, bash-2.0-release.
5811 a. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD, SunOS4, Irix,
5812 MachTen, QNX 4.2, Harris Night Hawk, SunOS5.
5814 b. System-specific code changes were made for: Linux, 4.4 BSD, QNX 4.2,
5817 c. A bug that caused the exec builtin to fail because the full pathname of
5818 the command could not be found was fixed.
5820 d. The code that performs output redirections is now more resistant to
5821 race conditions and possible security exploits.
5823 e. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing pattern
5824 substitutions on variable values was fixed.
5826 f. More hosts are now recognized by the auto-configuration mechanism
5827 (OpenBSD, QNX, others).
5829 g. Assignments to read-only variables that attempt to convert them to
5830 arrays are now errors.
5832 h. A bug that caused shell scripts using array assignments in POSIX mode
5833 to exit after the assignment was performed was fixed.
5835 i. The substring expansion code is now more careful about running off the
5836 ends of the expanded variable value.
5838 j. A bug that caused completion to fail if a backquoted command substitution
5839 appeared anywhere on the line was fixed.
5841 k. The `source' builtin no longer turns off history if it has been enabled
5842 in a non-interactive shell.
5844 l. A bug that caused the shell to crash when `disown' was given a pid
5845 instead of a job number was fixed.
5847 m. The `cd' spelling correction code will not try to change to `.' if no
5848 directory entries match a single-character argument.
5850 n. A bad variable name supplied to `declare', `export', or `readonly' no
5851 longer causes a non-interactive shell in POSIX mode to exit.
5853 o. Some fixes were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities of
5854 various Unix versions.
5856 p. The bash completion code now quotes characters that readline would
5857 treat as word breaks for completion but are not shell metacharacters.
5859 q. Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be
5862 r. Fixes were made to the code that handles DEBUG traps so that the trap
5863 string is not freed inappropriately.
5865 s. Some changes were made to the bash debugger in examples/bashdb -- it
5866 should be closer to working now.
5868 t. A problem that caused the default filename used for mail checking to be
5871 u. A fix was made to the `echo' builtin so that NUL characters printed with
5872 `echo -e' do not cause the output to be truncated.
5874 v. A fix was made to the job control code so that the shell behaves better
5875 when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell.
5877 w. Bash no longer catches all of the terminating signals in a non-
5878 interactive shell until a trap is set on EXIT, which should result in
5881 x. A fix was made to the command timing code so that `time' can be used in
5884 y. A fix was made to the parser so that `((cmd); cmd2)' is now parsed as
5885 a nested subshell rather than strictly as an (erroneous) arithmetic
5888 z. A fix was made to the globbing code so that it correctly matches quoted
5889 filenames beginning with a `.'.
5891 aa. A bug in `fc' that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as
5892 one command in the history when they were re-executed after editing
5893 (with `fc -e') was fixed.
5895 bb. The `ulimit' builtin now attempts to catch some classes of integer
5898 cc. The command-oriented-history code no longer attempts to add `;'
5899 inappropriately when a newline appears while reading a $(...) command
5902 dd. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `help --' was executed
5905 ee. A bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared
5906 in the body of a here document after `set -u' had been executed was
5909 ff. Implicit input redirections from /dev/null for asynchronous commands
5910 are now handled better.
5912 gg. A bug that caused the shell to fail to compile when configured with
5913 `--disable-readline' was fixed.
5915 hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible.
5917 ii. Bash now notices when the `kill' builtin is used to send SIGCONT to a
5918 stopped job and adjusts the data structures accordingly, as if `bg' had
5919 been executed instead.
5921 jj. A bug that caused the shell to crash when mixing calls to `getopts'
5922 and `shift' on the same set of positional parameters was fixed.
5924 kk. The command printing code now preserves the `-p' flag to `time'.
5926 ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there
5927 are other redirections associated with the command.
5929 mm. The special glibc environment variable (NNN_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_)
5930 is no longer placed into the environment of executed commands -- users
5931 of glibc had too many problems with it.
5933 nn. Reorganized the code that generates signames.h. The signal_names list
5934 is now more complete but may be slightly different (SIGABRT is favored
5935 over SIGIOT, for example). The preferred signal names are those
5936 listed in the POSIX.2 standard.
5938 oo. `bashbug' now uses a filename shorter than 14 characters for its
5939 temporary file, and asks for confirmation before sending the bug
5942 pp. A bug that caused TAB completion in vi editing mode to not be turned
5943 off when `set -o posix' was executed or back on when `set +o posix'
5944 was executed was fixed.
5946 qq. A bug in the brace expansion code that caused brace expansions appearing
5947 in new-style $(...) command substitutions to be inappropriately expanded
5950 rr. A bug in the readline hook shell-expand-line that could cause memory to
5951 be inappropriately freed was fixed.
5953 ss. A bug that caused some arithmetic expressions containing `&&' and `||'
5954 to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been fixed.
5956 tt. References to unbound variables after `set -u' has been executed now
5957 cause the shell to exit immediately, as they should.
5959 uu. A bug that caused the shell to exit inappropriately when `set -e' had
5960 been executed and a command's return status was being inverted with the
5961 `!' reserved word was fixed.
5963 vv. A bug that could occasionally cause the shell to crash with a
5964 divide-by-zero error when timing a command was fixed.
5966 ww. A bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stray
5967 backslashes in the replacement string when the expression is in
5968 double quotes was fixed.
5970 xx. The `break' and `continue' builtins now break out of all loops when an
5971 invalid count argument is supplied.
5973 yy. Fixed a bug that caused PATH to be set to the empty string if
5974 `command -p' is executed with PATH unset.
5976 zz. Fixed `kill -l signum' to print the signal name without the `SIG' prefix,
5979 aaa. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting $SHELLOPTS
5980 if there were no shell options set.
5982 bbb. Fixed `export -p' and `readonly -p' so that when the shell is in POSIX
5983 mode, their output is as POSIX.2 specifies.
5985 ccc. Fixed a bug in `readonly' so that `readonly -a avar=(...)' actually
5986 creates an array variable.
5988 ddd. Fixed a bug that prevented `time' from correctly timing background
5991 2. Changes to Readline
5993 a. A bug that caused an extra newline to be printed when the cursor was on
5994 an otherwise empty line was fixed.
5996 b. An instance of memory being used after it was freed was corrected.
5998 c. The redisplay code now works when the prompt is longer than the screen
6001 d. `dump-macros' is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along.
6003 e. Non-printable characters are now expanded when displaying macros and
6006 f. The `dump-variables' and `dump-macros' commands now output a leading
6007 newline if they're called as the result of a key sequence, rather
6008 than directly by an application.
6010 3. New Features in Bash
6012 a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which
6013 the user belongs. This is used by the test suite.
6015 4. New Features in Readline
6017 a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a
6018 numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the
6019 argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple
6020 instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it.
6022 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6023 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-release,
6024 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta3.
6028 a. Fix to the `getopts' builtin so that it does the right thing when a
6029 required option argument is not present.
6031 b. The completion code now updates the common prefix of matched names
6032 after FIGNORE processing is done, since any names that were removed
6033 may have changed the common prefix.
6035 c. Fixed a bug that made messages in MAILPATH entries not work correctly.
6037 d. Fixed a serious documentation error in the description of the new
6038 ${parameter:offset[:length]} expansion.
6040 e. Fixes to make parameter substring expansion ({$param:offset[:length]})
6041 work when within double quotes.
6043 f. Fixes to make ^A (CTLESC) survive an unquoted expansion of positional
6046 g. Corrected a misspelling of `unlimited' in the output of `ulimit'.
6048 h. Fixed a bug that caused executable scripts without a leading `#!' to
6049 occasionally pick up the wrong set of positional parameters.
6051 i. Linux systems now have a working `ulimit -v', using RLIMIT_AS.
6053 j. Updated config.guess so that many more machine types are recognized.
6055 k. Fixed a bug with backslash-quoted slashes in the ${param/pat[/sub]}
6058 l. If the shell is named `-su', and `-c command' is supplied, read and
6059 execute the login shell startup files even though the shell is not
6060 interactive. This is to support the `-' option to `su'.
6062 m. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the DEBUG trap was ignored
6063 with `trap "" DEBUG' and a shell function was subsequently executed.
6065 n. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when IFS was
6066 set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace.
6068 2. Changes to Readline
6070 a. Fixed a bug that caused a numeric argument of 1024 to be ignored when
6073 b. Fixed the display code so that the numeric argument is displayed as it's
6076 c. Fixed the numeric argument reading code so that `M-- command' is
6077 equivalent to `M--1 command', as the prompt implies.
6079 3. New Features in Bash
6081 a. `ulimit' now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit
6082 by default (when neither -H nor -S is specified). This is compatible
6083 with versions of sh and ksh that implement `ulimit'.
6085 b. Integer constants have been extended to base 64.
6087 4. New Features in Readline
6089 a. The `home' and `end' keys are now bound to beginning-of-line and
6090 end-of-line, respectively, if the corresponding termcap capabilities
6093 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6094 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta3,
6095 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta2.
6099 a. System-specific changes for: AIX 4.2, SCO 3.2v[45], HP-UX.
6101 b. When in POSIX mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin
6102 persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
6104 c. Changed all calls to getwd() to getcwd(). Improved check for systems
6105 where the libc getcwd() calls popen(), since that breaks on some
6106 systems when job control is being used.
6108 d. Fixed a bug that caused seg faults when executing scripts with the
6109 execute bit set but without a leading `#!'.
6111 e. The environment passed to executed commands is never sorted.
6113 f. A bug was fixed in the code that expands ${name[@]} to the number of
6114 elements in an array variable.
6116 g. A bug was fixed in the array compound assignment code ( A=( ... ) ).
6118 h. Window size changes now correctly propagate down to readline if
6119 the shopt `checkwinsize' option is enabled.
6121 i. A fix was made in the code that expands to the length of a variable
6124 j. A fix was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the
6125 `no fork' flag inappropriately.
6127 k. A fix was made to make `set -n' work more reliably.
6129 l. A fix was made to the job control initialization code so that the
6130 terminal process group is set to the shell's process group if the
6131 shell changes its own process group.
6133 2. Changes to Readline
6135 a. System-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
6137 b. The behavior of the vi-mode `.' when redoing an `i' command was changed
6138 to insert the text previously inserted by the `i' command rather than
6139 simply entering insert mode.
6141 3. New features in Bash
6143 a. There is a new version of the autoload function package, in
6144 examples/functions/autoload.v2, that uses arrays and provides more
6147 b. Support for LC_COLLATE and locale-specific sorting of the results of
6148 pathname expansion if strcoll() is available.
6150 4. New Features in Readline
6152 a. Support for locale-specific sorting of completion possibilities if
6153 strcoll() is available.
6155 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6156 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta2,
6157 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta1.
6161 a. `pushd -' is once again equivalent to `pushd $OLDPWD'.
6163 b. OS-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
6165 c. A change was made to the fix for the recently-reported security hole
6166 when reading characters with octal value 255 to make it work better on
6167 systems with restartable system calls when not using readline.
6169 d. Some changes were made to the test suite so that it works if you
6170 configure bash with --enable-usg-echo-default.
6172 e. A fix was made to the parsing of conditional arithmetic expressions.
6174 f. Illegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather
6175 than being silently reset.
6177 g. Multiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error
6178 instead of being ignored.
6180 h. A fix was made to the evaluation of ${param?word} to conform to POSIX.2.
6182 i. A bug that sometimes caused array indices to be evaluated twice (which
6183 would cause errors when they contained assignment statements) was fixed.
6185 j. `ulimit' was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit(2) returning
6186 unsigned values and to simplify the code.
6188 k. A bug in the command-oriented-history code that caused it to sometimes
6189 put semicolons after right parens inappropriately was fixed.
6191 l. The values inserted into the prompt by the \w and \W escape sequences
6192 are now quoted to prevent further expansion.
6194 m. An interactive shell invoked as `sh' now reads and executes commands
6195 from the file named by $ENV when it starts up. If it's a login shell,
6196 it does this after reading /etc/profile and ~/.profile.
6198 n. The file named by $ENV is never read by non-interactive shells.
6200 2. Changes to Readline
6202 a. A few changes were made to hide some macros and functions that should not
6205 b. An off-by-one error that caused seg faults in the history expansion code
6208 3. New Features in Bash
6210 a. The ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic command was implemented. It is exactly
6211 identical to let "...". This is controlled by a new option to configure,
6212 `--enable-dparen-arithmetic', which is on by default.
6214 b. There is a new #define available in config.h.top: SYS_BASH_LOGOUT. If
6215 defined to a filename, bash reads and executes commands from that file
6216 when a login shell exits. It's commented out by default.
6218 c. `ulimit' has a `-l' option that reports the maximum amount of data that
6219 may be locked into memory on 4.4BSD-based systems.
6221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6222 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta1,
6223 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha4.
6227 a. A bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the
6228 shell treats specially was fixed.
6230 b. The internationalization code was changed to track the values of
6231 LC_* variables and call setlocale() as appropriate. The TEXTDOMAIN
6232 and TEXTDOMAINDIR variables are also tracked; changes cause calls
6233 to textdomain() and bindtextdomain(), if available.
6235 c. A bug was fixed that sometimes caused double-quoted strings to be
6238 d. Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctly on
6241 e. Added `:' to the set of characters that cause word breaks for the
6242 completion code so that pathnames in assignments to $PATH can be
6245 f. The `select' command was fixed to print $PS3 to stderr.
6247 g. Fixed an error in the manual page section describing the effect that
6248 setting and unsetting GLOBIGNORE has on the setting of the `dotglob'
6251 h. The time conversion code now uses CLK_TCK rather than CLOCKS_PER_SEC
6252 on systems without gettimeofday() and resources.
6254 i. The getopt static variables are now initialized each time a subshell
6255 is started, so subshells using `getopts' work right.
6257 j. A sign-extension bug that caused a possible security hole was fixed.
6259 k. The parser now reads characters between backquotes within a double-
6260 quoted string as a single word, so double quotes in the backquoted
6261 string don't terminate the enclosing double-quoted string.
6263 l. A bug that caused `^O' to work incorrectly when typed as the first
6264 thing to an interactive shell was fixed.
6266 m. A rarely-exercised off-by-one error in the code that quotes variable
6269 n. Some memory and file descriptor leaks encountered when running a
6270 shell script that is executable but does not have a leading `#!'
6273 2. Changes to Readline
6275 a. A bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when trying to read
6276 typeahead on systems without FIONREAD was fixed.
6278 3. New Features in Bash
6280 a. The command timing code now uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable
6281 to format and display timing statistics.
6283 b. The `time' reserved word now accepts a `-p' option to force the
6284 POSIX.2 output format.
6286 c. There are a couple of new and updated scripts to convert csh startup
6287 files to bash format.
6289 d. There is a new builtin array variable: BASH_VERSINFO. The various
6290 members hold the parts of the version information in BASH_VERSION,
6291 plus the value of MACHTYPE.
6293 4. New Features in Readline
6295 a. Setting LANG to `en_US.ISO8859-1' now causes readline to enter
6298 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6299 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha4,
6300 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha3.
6304 a. There is better detection of rsh connections on Solaris 2.
6306 b. Assignments to read-only variables preceding a command name are now
6307 variable assignment errors. Variable assignment errors cause
6308 non-interactive shells running in posix mode to exit.
6310 c. The word tokenizer was rewritten to handle nested quotes and pairs
6311 ('', "", ``, ${...}, $(...), $[...], $'...', $"...", <(...), >(...))
6312 correctly. Some of the parameter expansion code was updated as a
6315 d. A fix was made to `test' when given three arguments so that a binary
6316 operator is checked for first, before checking that the first argument
6319 e. 2''>/dev/null is no longer equivalent to 2>/dev/null.
6321 f. Parser error messages were regularized, and in most cases the name of
6322 the shell script being read by a non-interactive shell is not printed
6325 g. A fix was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the
6326 text the user typed in some cases.
6328 h. The special glibc `getopt' environment variable is no longer put into
6329 the environment on machines with small values of ARG_MAX.
6331 i. The expansion of ${...} now follows the POSIX.2 rules for finding the
6334 j. The shell no longer displays spurious status messages for background
6335 jobs in shell scripts that complete successfully when the script is
6336 run from a terminal.
6338 k. `shopt -o' now correctly updates $SHELLOPTS.
6340 l. A bug that caused the $PATH searching code to return a non-executable
6341 file even when an executable file with the same name appeared later in
6344 m. The shell now does tilde expansions on unquoted `:~' in assignment
6345 statements when not in posix mode.
6347 n. Variable assignment errors when a command consists only of assignments
6348 now cause non-interactive shells to exit when in posix mode.
6350 o. If the variable in a `for' or `select' command is read-only, or not a
6351 legal shell identifier, a variable assignment error occurs.
6353 p. `test' now handles `-a' and `-o' as binary operators when three arguments
6354 are supplied, and correctly parses `( word )' as equivalent to `word'.
6356 q. `test' was fixed so that file names of the form /dev/fd/NN mean the same
6357 thing on all systems, even Linux.
6359 r. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple
6360 consecutive `*'s to not be matched correctly.
6362 s. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to not be printed when an interactive shell
6363 not using readline is reading a here document.
6365 t. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be performed inappropriately
6366 when a single-quoted string spanned more than one line.
6368 u. `getopts' now checks that the variable name passed by the user as the
6369 second argument is a legal shell identifier and that the variable is
6372 v. Fixed `getopts' to obey POSIX.2 rules for setting $OPTIND when it
6373 encounters an error.
6375 w. Fixed `set' to display variable values in a form that can be re-read.
6377 x. Fixed a bug in the code that keeps track of whether or not local variables
6378 have been declared at the current level of function nesting.
6380 y. Non-interactive shells in posix mode now exit if the name in a function
6381 declaration is not a legal identifier.
6383 z. The job control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not
6386 aa. The `cd' builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the directory
6387 name if the shell is not interactive, regardless of the setting of the
6390 bb. Some OS-specific changes were made for SCO 3.2v[45] and AIX 4.2.
6392 cc. `time' now prints its output to stderr, as POSIX.2 specifies.
6394 2. Fixes to Readline
6396 a. After printing possible completions, all lines of a multi-line prompt
6399 b. Some changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltty.c to
6400 work around AIX 4.2 bugs.
6402 3. New Features in Bash
6404 a. There is a new loadable builtin: sprintf, with calling syntax
6405 sprintf var format [args]
6406 This provides an easy way to simulate ksh left- and right-justified
6409 b. The expansions of \h and \H in prompt strings were swapped. \h now
6410 expands to the hostname up to the first `.', as in bash-1.14.
6412 4. New Features in Readline
6414 a. The bash-1.14 behavior when ^M is typed while doing an incremental
6415 search was restored. ^J may now be used to terminate the search without
6418 b. There is a new bindable variable: disable-completion. This inhibits
6419 word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as
6420 if it had been bound to self-insert.
6422 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6423 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha3,
6424 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha2.
6426 There is now a file `COMPAT' included in the distribution that lists the
6427 user-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.0.
6431 a. Some work was done so that word splitting of the rhs of assignment
6432 statements conforms more closely to historical practice.
6434 b. A couple of errant memory frees were fixed.
6436 c. A fix was made to the test builtin so it recognizes `<' and `>' as
6439 d. The GNU malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c now scrambles memory as it's
6440 allocated and freed. This is to catch callers that refer to freed
6441 memory or assume something about newly-allocated memory.
6443 e. Fixed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt
6446 f. Fixed a problem with configure's argument parsing order. Now you can
6447 correctly turn on specific options after using --enable-minimal-config.
6449 g. The configure script now automatically disables the use of GNU malloc
6450 on systems where it's appropriate (better than having people read the
6451 NOTES file and do it manually).
6453 h. There are new prompt expansions (\v and \V) to insert version information
6454 into the prompt strings.
6456 i. The default prompt string now includes the version number.
6458 j. Most of the builtins that take no options were changed to use the
6459 internal getopt so they can produce proper error messages for -?
6460 and incorrect options.
6462 k. Some system-specific changes were made for SVR4.2 and Solaris 2.5.
6464 l. Bash now uses PATH_MAX instead of MAXPATHLEN and NAME_MAX instead of
6467 m. A couple of problems caused by uninitialized variables were fixed.
6469 n. There are a number of new loadable builtin examples: logname, basename,
6470 dirname, tty, pathchk, tee, head, and rmdir. All of these conform to
6473 o. Bash now notices changes in TZ and calls tzset() if present, so
6474 changing TZ will alter the time printed by prompt expansions.
6476 p. The source was reorganized a bit so I don't have to wait so long for
6477 some files to compile, and to facilitate the creation of a `shell
6478 library' at some future point.
6480 q. Bash no longer turns off job control if called as `sh', since the
6481 POSIX.2 spec includes job control as a standard feature.
6483 r. `bash -o posix' now works as intended.
6485 s. Fixed a problem with the completion code: when completing a filename
6486 that contained globbing characters, if show-all-if-ambiguous was set,
6487 the completion code would remove the user's text.
6489 t. Fixed ulimit so that (hopefully) the full range of limits is available
6492 u. A new `shopt' option (`hostcomplete') enables and disables hostname
6495 v. The shell no longer attempts to save the history on an abort(),
6496 which is usually called by programming_error().
6498 w. The `-s' option to `fc' was changed to echo the command to be executed
6499 to stderr instead of stdout.
6501 x. If the editor invoked by `fc -e' exits with a non-zero status, no
6502 commands are executed.
6504 y. Fixed a bug that made the shopt `histverify' option work incorrectly.
6506 z. There is a new variable `MACHTYPE' whose value is the GNU-style
6507 `cpu-company-system' system description as set by configure. (The
6508 values of MACHTYPE and HOSTTYPE should really be swapped.)
6510 aa. The `ulimit' builtin now allows the maximum virtual memory size to be
6511 set via setrlimit(2) if RLIMIT_VMEM is defined.
6513 bb. `bash -nc 'command'' no longer runs `command'.
6515 2. Changes to Readline
6517 a. Fixed a typo in the code that checked for FIONREAD in input.c.
6519 b. Fixed a bug in the code that outputs keybindings, so things like C-\
6520 are quoted properly.
6522 c. Fixed a bug in the inputrc file parsing code to handle the problems
6523 caused by inputrc files created from the output of `bind -p' in
6524 previous versions of bash. The problem was due to the bug fixed
6527 d. Readline no longer turns off the terminal's meta key, and turns it on
6528 once the first time it's called.
6530 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6531 This file documents the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha2,
6532 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha.
6536 a. The shell no longer thinks directories are executable.
6538 b. `disown' has a new option, `h', which inhibits the resending of SIGHUP
6539 but does not remove the job from the jobs table.
6541 c. The varargs functions in error.c now use ANSI-C `stdarg' if available.
6543 d. The build process now treats the `build version' in .build as local to
6544 the build directory, so different versions built from the same source
6545 tree have different `build versions'.
6547 e. Some problems with the grammar have been fixed. (It used `list' in a few
6548 productions where `compound_list' was needed. A `list' must be terminated
6549 with a newline or semicolon; a `compound_list' need not be.)
6551 f. A fix was made to keep `wait' from hanging when waiting for all background
6554 g. `bash --help' now writes its output to stdout, like the GNU Coding Standards
6555 specify, and includes the machine type (the value of MACHTYPE).
6557 h. `bash --version' now prints more information and exits successfully, like
6558 the GNU Coding Standards specify.
6560 i. The output of `time' and `times' now prints fractional seconds with three
6561 places after the decimal point.
6563 j. A bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed
6564 by `jobs' was fixed.
6566 k. Fixes were made to the code that implements $'...' and $"..." so they
6569 l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes for reading with
6570 O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging.
6572 m. Fixes were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctly if the
6573 trap command contains a `return' and we're executing a function or
6574 sourcing a script with `.'.
6576 n. Fixes to doc/Makefile.in so that it doesn't try to remake all of the
6577 documentation (ps, dvi, etc.) on a `make install'.
6579 o. Fixed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump
6582 p. Fixed a bug that caused $HISTIGNORE to fail when the history line
6583 contained globbing characters.
6585 2. Changes to Readline
6587 a. There is a new string variable, rl_library_version, available for use by
6588 applications. The current value is "2.1".
6590 b. A bug encountered when expand-tilde was enabled and file completion was
6591 attempted on a word beginning with `~/' was fixed.
6593 c. A slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior.
6594 ESC still terminates the search, but if input is pending or arrives
6595 within 0.1 seconds (on systems with select(2)), it is used as a prefix
6596 character. This is intented to allow users to terminate searches with
6597 the arrow keys and get the behavior they expect.