Imported Upstream version 2.25.1
[platform/upstream/git.git] / setup.c
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index 9c32aae..e2a479a 100644 (file)
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "repository.h"
+#include "config.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "chdir-notify.h"
+#include "promisor-remote.h"
 
 static int inside_git_dir = -1;
 static int inside_work_tree = -1;
 static int work_tree_config_is_bogus;
 
+static struct startup_info the_startup_info;
+struct startup_info *startup_info = &the_startup_info;
+
 /*
  * The input parameter must contain an absolute path, and it must already be
  * normalized.
@@ -33,7 +40,7 @@ static int abspath_part_inside_repo(char *path)
        off = offset_1st_component(path);
 
        /* check if work tree is already the prefix */
-       if (wtlen <= len && !strncmp(path, work_tree, wtlen)) {
+       if (wtlen <= len && !fspathncmp(path, work_tree, wtlen)) {
                if (path[wtlen] == '/') {
                        memmove(path, path + wtlen + 1, len - wtlen);
                        return 0;
@@ -53,7 +60,7 @@ static int abspath_part_inside_repo(char *path)
                path++;
                if (*path == '/') {
                        *path = '\0';
-                       if (strcmp(real_path(path0), work_tree) == 0) {
+                       if (fspathcmp(real_path(path0), work_tree) == 0) {
                                memmove(path0, path + 1, len - (path - path0));
                                return 0;
                        }
@@ -62,7 +69,7 @@ static int abspath_part_inside_repo(char *path)
        }
 
        /* check whole path */
-       if (strcmp(real_path(path0), work_tree) == 0) {
+       if (fspathcmp(real_path(path0), work_tree) == 0) {
                *path0 = '\0';
                return 0;
        }
@@ -87,7 +94,7 @@ char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len,
        const char *orig = path;
        char *sanitized;
        if (is_absolute_path(orig)) {
-               sanitized = xmalloc(strlen(path) + 1);
+               sanitized = xmallocz(strlen(path));
                if (remaining_prefix)
                        *remaining_prefix = 0;
                if (normalize_path_copy_len(sanitized, path, remaining_prefix)) {
@@ -99,10 +106,7 @@ char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len,
                        return NULL;
                }
        } else {
-               sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(path) + 1);
-               if (len)
-                       memcpy(sanitized, prefix, len);
-               strcpy(sanitized + len, path);
+               sanitized = xstrfmt("%.*s%s", len, len ? prefix : "", path);
                if (remaining_prefix)
                        *remaining_prefix = len;
                if (normalize_path_copy_len(sanitized, sanitized, remaining_prefix)) {
@@ -117,7 +121,7 @@ char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
 {
        char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
        if (!r)
-               die("'%s' is outside repository", path);
+               die(_("'%s' is outside repository"), path);
        return r;
 }
 
@@ -134,31 +138,41 @@ int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path)
 
 int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
 {
-       const char *name;
+       char *to_free = NULL;
        struct stat st;
 
-       if (starts_with(arg, ":/")) {
-               if (arg[2] == '\0') /* ":/" is root dir, always exists */
+       if (skip_prefix(arg, ":/", &arg)) {
+               if (!*arg) /* ":/" is root dir, always exists */
                        return 1;
-               name = arg + 2;
-       } else if (prefix)
-               name = prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg);
-       else
-               name = arg;
-       if (!lstat(name, &st))
+               prefix = NULL;
+       } else if (skip_prefix(arg, ":!", &arg) ||
+                  skip_prefix(arg, ":^", &arg)) {
+               if (!*arg) /* excluding everything is silly, but allowed */
+                       return 1;
+       }
+
+       if (prefix)
+               arg = to_free = prefix_filename(prefix, arg);
+
+       if (!lstat(arg, &st)) {
+               free(to_free);
                return 1; /* file exists */
-       if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
+       }
+       if (is_missing_file_error(errno)) {
+               free(to_free);
                return 0; /* file does not exist */
-       die_errno("failed to stat '%s'", arg);
+       }
+       die_errno(_("failed to stat '%s'"), arg);
 }
 
-static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix,
+static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(struct repository *r,
+                                        const char *prefix,
                                         const char *arg,
                                         int diagnose_misspelt_rev)
 {
        if (!diagnose_misspelt_rev)
-               die("%s: no such path in the working tree.\n"
-                   "Use 'git <command> -- <path>...' to specify paths that do not exist locally.",
+               die(_("%s: no such path in the working tree.\n"
+                     "Use 'git <command> -- <path>...' to specify paths that do not exist locally."),
                    arg);
        /*
         * Saying "'(icase)foo' does not exist in the index" when the
@@ -167,13 +181,31 @@ static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix,
         * let maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name() even trigger.
         */
        if (!(arg[0] == ':' && !isalnum(arg[1])))
-               maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(arg, prefix);
+               maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(r, arg, prefix);
 
        /* ... or fall back the most general message. */
-       die("ambiguous argument '%s': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.\n"
-           "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
-           "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'", arg);
+       die(_("ambiguous argument '%s': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.\n"
+             "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
+             "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'"), arg);
+
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for arguments that don't resolve as actual files,
+ * but which look sufficiently like pathspecs that we'll consider
+ * them such for the purposes of rev/pathspec DWIM parsing.
+ */
+static int looks_like_pathspec(const char *arg)
+{
+       /* anything with a wildcard character */
+       if (!no_wildcard(arg))
+               return 1;
+
+       /* long-form pathspec magic */
+       if (starts_with(arg, ":("))
+               return 1;
 
+       return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -201,10 +233,10 @@ void verify_filename(const char *prefix,
                     int diagnose_misspelt_rev)
 {
        if (*arg == '-')
-               die("bad flag '%s' used after filename", arg);
-       if (check_filename(prefix, arg))
+               die(_("option '%s' must come before non-option arguments"), arg);
+       if (looks_like_pathspec(arg) || check_filename(prefix, arg))
                return;
-       die_verify_filename(prefix, arg, diagnose_misspelt_rev);
+       die_verify_filename(the_repository, prefix, arg, diagnose_misspelt_rev);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -220,11 +252,50 @@ void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
                return; /* flag */
        if (!check_filename(prefix, arg))
                return;
-       die("ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename\n"
-           "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
-           "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'", arg);
+       die(_("ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename\n"
+             "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
+             "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'"), arg);
+}
+
+int get_common_dir(struct strbuf *sb, const char *gitdir)
+{
+       const char *git_env_common_dir = getenv(GIT_COMMON_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+       if (git_env_common_dir) {
+               strbuf_addstr(sb, git_env_common_dir);
+               return 1;
+       } else {
+               return get_common_dir_noenv(sb, gitdir);
+       }
 }
 
+int get_common_dir_noenv(struct strbuf *sb, const char *gitdir)
+{
+       struct strbuf data = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/commondir", gitdir);
+       if (file_exists(path.buf)) {
+               if (strbuf_read_file(&data, path.buf, 0) <= 0)
+                       die_errno(_("failed to read %s"), path.buf);
+               while (data.len && (data.buf[data.len - 1] == '\n' ||
+                                   data.buf[data.len - 1] == '\r'))
+                       data.len--;
+               data.buf[data.len] = '\0';
+               strbuf_reset(&path);
+               if (!is_absolute_path(data.buf))
+                       strbuf_addf(&path, "%s/", gitdir);
+               strbuf_addbuf(&path, &data);
+               strbuf_add_real_path(sb, path.buf);
+               ret = 1;
+       } else {
+               strbuf_addstr(sb, gitdir);
+       }
+
+       strbuf_release(&data);
+       strbuf_release(&path);
+       return ret;
+}
 
 /*
  * Test if it looks like we're at a git directory.
@@ -239,31 +310,59 @@ void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
  */
 int is_git_directory(const char *suspect)
 {
-       char path[PATH_MAX];
-       size_t len = strlen(suspect);
+       struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+       int ret = 0;
+       size_t len;
+
+       /* Check worktree-related signatures */
+       strbuf_addstr(&path, suspect);
+       strbuf_complete(&path, '/');
+       strbuf_addstr(&path, "HEAD");
+       if (validate_headref(path.buf))
+               goto done;
 
-       if (PATH_MAX <= len + strlen("/objects"))
-               die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, suspect);
-       strcpy(path, suspect);
+       strbuf_reset(&path);
+       get_common_dir(&path, suspect);
+       len = path.len;
+
+       /* Check non-worktree-related signatures */
        if (getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT)) {
                if (access(getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT), X_OK))
-                       return 0;
+                       goto done;
        }
        else {
-               strcpy(path + len, "/objects");
-               if (access(path, X_OK))
-                       return 0;
+               strbuf_setlen(&path, len);
+               strbuf_addstr(&path, "/objects");
+               if (access(path.buf, X_OK))
+                       goto done;
        }
 
-       strcpy(path + len, "/refs");
-       if (access(path, X_OK))
-               return 0;
+       strbuf_setlen(&path, len);
+       strbuf_addstr(&path, "/refs");
+       if (access(path.buf, X_OK))
+               goto done;
 
-       strcpy(path + len, "/HEAD");
-       if (validate_headref(path))
-               return 0;
+       ret = 1;
+done:
+       strbuf_release(&path);
+       return ret;
+}
 
-       return 1;
+int is_nonbare_repository_dir(struct strbuf *path)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+       int gitfile_error;
+       size_t orig_path_len = path->len;
+       assert(orig_path_len != 0);
+       strbuf_complete(path, '/');
+       strbuf_addstr(path, ".git");
+       if (read_gitfile_gently(path->buf, &gitfile_error) || is_git_directory(path->buf))
+               ret = 1;
+       if (gitfile_error == READ_GITFILE_ERR_OPEN_FAILED ||
+           gitfile_error == READ_GITFILE_ERR_READ_FAILED)
+               ret = 1;
+       strbuf_setlen(path, orig_path_len);
+       return ret;
 }
 
 int is_inside_git_dir(void)
@@ -282,21 +381,18 @@ int is_inside_work_tree(void)
 
 void setup_work_tree(void)
 {
-       const char *work_tree, *git_dir;
+       const char *work_tree;
        static int initialized = 0;
 
        if (initialized)
                return;
 
        if (work_tree_config_is_bogus)
-               die("unable to set up work tree using invalid config");
+               die(_("unable to set up work tree using invalid config"));
 
        work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
-       git_dir = get_git_dir();
-       if (!is_absolute_path(git_dir))
-               git_dir = real_path(get_git_dir());
-       if (!work_tree || chdir(work_tree))
-               die("This operation must be run in a work tree");
+       if (!work_tree || chdir_notify(work_tree))
+               die(_("this operation must be run in a work tree"));
 
        /*
         * Make sure subsequent git processes find correct worktree
@@ -305,94 +401,271 @@ void setup_work_tree(void)
        if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT))
                setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, ".", 1);
 
-       set_git_dir(remove_leading_path(git_dir, work_tree));
        initialized = 1;
 }
 
-static int check_repository_format_gently(const char *gitdir, int *nongit_ok)
+static int read_worktree_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *vdata)
+{
+       struct repository_format *data = vdata;
+
+       if (strcmp(var, "core.bare") == 0) {
+               data->is_bare = git_config_bool(var, value);
+       } else if (strcmp(var, "core.worktree") == 0) {
+               if (!value)
+                       return config_error_nonbool(var);
+               free(data->work_tree);
+               data->work_tree = xstrdup(value);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_repo_format(const char *var, const char *value, void *vdata)
+{
+       struct repository_format *data = vdata;
+       const char *ext;
+
+       if (strcmp(var, "core.repositoryformatversion") == 0)
+               data->version = git_config_int(var, value);
+       else if (skip_prefix(var, "extensions.", &ext)) {
+               /*
+                * record any known extensions here; otherwise,
+                * we fall through to recording it as unknown, and
+                * check_repository_format will complain
+                */
+               if (!strcmp(ext, "noop"))
+                       ;
+               else if (!strcmp(ext, "preciousobjects"))
+                       data->precious_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
+               else if (!strcmp(ext, "partialclone")) {
+                       if (!value)
+                               return config_error_nonbool(var);
+                       data->partial_clone = xstrdup(value);
+               } else if (!strcmp(ext, "worktreeconfig"))
+                       data->worktree_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
+               else
+                       string_list_append(&data->unknown_extensions, ext);
+       }
+
+       return read_worktree_config(var, value, vdata);
+}
+
+static int check_repository_format_gently(const char *gitdir, struct repository_format *candidate, int *nongit_ok)
 {
-       char repo_config[PATH_MAX+1];
+       struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+       int has_common;
+
+       has_common = get_common_dir(&sb, gitdir);
+       strbuf_addstr(&sb, "/config");
+       read_repository_format(candidate, sb.buf);
+       strbuf_release(&sb);
 
        /*
-        * git_config() can't be used here because it calls git_pathdup()
-        * to get $GIT_CONFIG/config. That call will make setup_git_env()
-        * set git_dir to ".git".
-        *
-        * We are in gitdir setup, no git dir has been found useable yet.
-        * Use a gentler version of git_config() to check if this repo
-        * is a good one.
+        * For historical use of check_repository_format() in git-init,
+        * we treat a missing config as a silent "ok", even when nongit_ok
+        * is unset.
         */
-       snprintf(repo_config, PATH_MAX, "%s/config", gitdir);
-       git_config_early(check_repository_format_version, NULL, repo_config);
-       if (GIT_REPO_VERSION < repository_format_version) {
-               if (!nongit_ok)
-                       die ("Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d",
-                            GIT_REPO_VERSION, repository_format_version);
-               warning("Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d",
-                       GIT_REPO_VERSION, repository_format_version);
-               warning("Please upgrade Git");
-               *nongit_ok = -1;
+       if (candidate->version < 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       if (verify_repository_format(candidate, &err) < 0) {
+               if (nongit_ok) {
+                       warning("%s", err.buf);
+                       strbuf_release(&err);
+                       *nongit_ok = -1;
+                       return -1;
+               }
+               die("%s", err.buf);
+       }
+
+       repository_format_precious_objects = candidate->precious_objects;
+       set_repository_format_partial_clone(candidate->partial_clone);
+       repository_format_worktree_config = candidate->worktree_config;
+       string_list_clear(&candidate->unknown_extensions, 0);
+
+       if (repository_format_worktree_config) {
+               /*
+                * pick up core.bare and core.worktree from per-worktree
+                * config if present
+                */
+               strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s/config.worktree", gitdir);
+               git_config_from_file(read_worktree_config, sb.buf, candidate);
+               strbuf_release(&sb);
+               has_common = 0;
+       }
+
+       if (!has_common) {
+               if (candidate->is_bare != -1) {
+                       is_bare_repository_cfg = candidate->is_bare;
+                       if (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1)
+                               inside_work_tree = -1;
+               }
+               if (candidate->work_tree) {
+                       free(git_work_tree_cfg);
+                       git_work_tree_cfg = xstrdup(candidate->work_tree);
+                       inside_work_tree = -1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void init_repository_format(struct repository_format *format)
+{
+       const struct repository_format fresh = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;
+
+       memcpy(format, &fresh, sizeof(fresh));
+}
+
+int read_repository_format(struct repository_format *format, const char *path)
+{
+       clear_repository_format(format);
+       git_config_from_file(check_repo_format, path, format);
+       if (format->version == -1)
+               clear_repository_format(format);
+       return format->version;
+}
+
+void clear_repository_format(struct repository_format *format)
+{
+       string_list_clear(&format->unknown_extensions, 0);
+       free(format->work_tree);
+       free(format->partial_clone);
+       init_repository_format(format);
+}
+
+int verify_repository_format(const struct repository_format *format,
+                            struct strbuf *err)
+{
+       if (GIT_REPO_VERSION_READ < format->version) {
+               strbuf_addf(err, _("Expected git repo version <= %d, found %d"),
+                           GIT_REPO_VERSION_READ, format->version);
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       if (format->version >= 1 && format->unknown_extensions.nr) {
+               int i;
+
+               strbuf_addstr(err, _("unknown repository extensions found:"));
+
+               for (i = 0; i < format->unknown_extensions.nr; i++)
+                       strbuf_addf(err, "\n\t%s",
+                                   format->unknown_extensions.items[i].string);
                return -1;
        }
+
        return 0;
 }
 
+void read_gitfile_error_die(int error_code, const char *path, const char *dir)
+{
+       switch (error_code) {
+       case READ_GITFILE_ERR_STAT_FAILED:
+       case READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_FILE:
+               /* non-fatal; follow return path */
+               break;
+       case READ_GITFILE_ERR_OPEN_FAILED:
+               die_errno(_("error opening '%s'"), path);
+       case READ_GITFILE_ERR_TOO_LARGE:
+               die(_("too large to be a .git file: '%s'"), path);
+       case READ_GITFILE_ERR_READ_FAILED:
+               die(_("error reading %s"), path);
+       case READ_GITFILE_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT:
+               die(_("invalid gitfile format: %s"), path);
+       case READ_GITFILE_ERR_NO_PATH:
+               die(_("no path in gitfile: %s"), path);
+       case READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_REPO:
+               die(_("not a git repository: %s"), dir);
+       default:
+               BUG("unknown error code");
+       }
+}
+
 /*
  * Try to read the location of the git directory from the .git file,
- * return path to git directory if found.
+ * return path to git directory if found. The return value comes from
+ * a shared buffer.
+ *
+ * On failure, if return_error_code is not NULL, return_error_code
+ * will be set to an error code and NULL will be returned. If
+ * return_error_code is NULL the function will die instead (for most
+ * cases).
  */
-const char *read_gitfile(const char *path)
+const char *read_gitfile_gently(const char *path, int *return_error_code)
 {
-       char *buf;
-       char *dir;
+       const int max_file_size = 1 << 20;  /* 1MB */
+       int error_code = 0;
+       char *buf = NULL;
+       char *dir = NULL;
        const char *slash;
        struct stat st;
        int fd;
        ssize_t len;
 
-       if (stat(path, &st))
-               return NULL;
-       if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-               return NULL;
+       if (stat(path, &st)) {
+               /* NEEDSWORK: discern between ENOENT vs other errors */
+               error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_STAT_FAILED;
+               goto cleanup_return;
+       }
+       if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+               error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_FILE;
+               goto cleanup_return;
+       }
+       if (st.st_size > max_file_size) {
+               error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_TOO_LARGE;
+               goto cleanup_return;
+       }
        fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
-       if (fd < 0)
-               die_errno("Error opening '%s'", path);
-       buf = xmalloc(st.st_size + 1);
+       if (fd < 0) {
+               error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_OPEN_FAILED;
+               goto cleanup_return;
+       }
+       buf = xmallocz(st.st_size);
        len = read_in_full(fd, buf, st.st_size);
        close(fd);
-       if (len != st.st_size)
-               die("Error reading %s", path);
-       buf[len] = '\0';
-       if (!starts_with(buf, "gitdir: "))
-               die("Invalid gitfile format: %s", path);
+       if (len != st.st_size) {
+               error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_READ_FAILED;
+               goto cleanup_return;
+       }
+       if (!starts_with(buf, "gitdir: ")) {
+               error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_INVALID_FORMAT;
+               goto cleanup_return;
+       }
        while (buf[len - 1] == '\n' || buf[len - 1] == '\r')
                len--;
-       if (len < 9)
-               die("No path in gitfile: %s", path);
+       if (len < 9) {
+               error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_NO_PATH;
+               goto cleanup_return;
+       }
        buf[len] = '\0';
        dir = buf + 8;
 
        if (!is_absolute_path(dir) && (slash = strrchr(path, '/'))) {
                size_t pathlen = slash+1 - path;
-               size_t dirlen = pathlen + len - 8;
-               dir = xmalloc(dirlen + 1);
-               strncpy(dir, path, pathlen);
-               strncpy(dir + pathlen, buf + 8, len - 8);
-               dir[dirlen] = '\0';
+               dir = xstrfmt("%.*s%.*s", (int)pathlen, path,
+                             (int)(len - 8), buf + 8);
                free(buf);
                buf = dir;
        }
-
-       if (!is_git_directory(dir))
-               die("Not a git repository: %s", dir);
+       if (!is_git_directory(dir)) {
+               error_code = READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_REPO;
+               goto cleanup_return;
+       }
        path = real_path(dir);
 
+cleanup_return:
+       if (return_error_code)
+               *return_error_code = error_code;
+       else if (error_code)
+               read_gitfile_error_die(error_code, path, dir);
+
        free(buf);
-       return path;
+       return error_code ? NULL : path;
 }
 
 static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
                                          struct strbuf *cwd,
+                                         struct repository_format *repo_fmt,
                                          int *nongit_ok)
 {
        const char *work_tree_env = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
@@ -401,7 +674,7 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
        int offset;
 
        if (PATH_MAX - 40 < strlen(gitdirenv))
-               die("'$%s' too big", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+               die(_("'$%s' too big"), GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 
        gitfile = (char*)read_gitfile(gitdirenv);
        if (gitfile) {
@@ -415,10 +688,10 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
                        free(gitfile);
                        return NULL;
                }
-               die("Not a git repository: '%s'", gitdirenv);
+               die(_("not a git repository: '%s'"), gitdirenv);
        }
 
-       if (check_repository_format_gently(gitdirenv, nongit_ok)) {
+       if (check_repository_format_gently(gitdirenv, repo_fmt, nongit_ok)) {
                free(gitfile);
                return NULL;
        }
@@ -444,12 +717,12 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
                else {
                        char *core_worktree;
                        if (chdir(gitdirenv))
-                               die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", gitdirenv);
+                               die_errno(_("cannot chdir to '%s'"), gitdirenv);
                        if (chdir(git_work_tree_cfg))
-                               die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", git_work_tree_cfg);
+                               die_errno(_("cannot chdir to '%s'"), git_work_tree_cfg);
                        core_worktree = xgetcwd();
                        if (chdir(cwd->buf))
-                               die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
+                               die_errno(_("cannot come back to cwd"));
                        set_git_work_tree(core_worktree);
                        free(core_worktree);
                }
@@ -477,7 +750,7 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
        if (offset >= 0) {      /* cwd inside worktree? */
                set_git_dir(real_path(gitdirenv));
                if (chdir(worktree))
-                       die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", worktree);
+                       die_errno(_("cannot chdir to '%s'"), worktree);
                strbuf_addch(cwd, '/');
                free(gitfile);
                return cwd->buf + offset;
@@ -491,25 +764,31 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
 
 static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
                                            struct strbuf *cwd, int offset,
+                                           struct repository_format *repo_fmt,
                                            int *nongit_ok)
 {
-       if (check_repository_format_gently(gitdir, nongit_ok))
+       if (check_repository_format_gently(gitdir, repo_fmt, nongit_ok))
                return NULL;
 
        /* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
        if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
+               char *to_free = NULL;
+               const char *ret;
+
                if (offset != cwd->len && !is_absolute_path(gitdir))
-                       gitdir = xstrdup(real_path(gitdir));
+                       gitdir = to_free = real_pathdup(gitdir, 1);
                if (chdir(cwd->buf))
-                       die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
-               return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, nongit_ok);
+                       die_errno(_("cannot come back to cwd"));
+               ret = setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, repo_fmt, nongit_ok);
+               free(to_free);
+               return ret;
        }
 
        /* #16.2, #17.2, #20.2, #21.2, #24, #25, #28, #29 (see t1510) */
        if (is_bare_repository_cfg > 0) {
                set_git_dir(offset == cwd->len ? gitdir : real_path(gitdir));
                if (chdir(cwd->buf))
-                       die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
+                       die_errno(_("cannot come back to cwd"));
                return NULL;
        }
 
@@ -519,41 +798,44 @@ static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
                set_git_dir(gitdir);
        inside_git_dir = 0;
        inside_work_tree = 1;
-       if (offset == cwd->len)
+       if (offset >= cwd->len)
                return NULL;
 
-       /* Make "offset" point to past the '/', and add a '/' at the end */
-       offset++;
+       /* Make "offset" point past the '/' (already the case for root dirs) */
+       if (offset != offset_1st_component(cwd->buf))
+               offset++;
+       /* Add a '/' at the end */
        strbuf_addch(cwd, '/');
        return cwd->buf + offset;
 }
 
 /* #16.1, #17.1, #20.1, #21.1, #22.1 (see t1510) */
 static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(struct strbuf *cwd, int offset,
+                                     struct repository_format *repo_fmt,
                                      int *nongit_ok)
 {
        int root_len;
 
-       if (check_repository_format_gently(".", nongit_ok))
+       if (check_repository_format_gently(".", repo_fmt, nongit_ok))
                return NULL;
 
        setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
 
        /* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
        if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
-               const char *gitdir;
+               static const char *gitdir;
 
                gitdir = offset == cwd->len ? "." : xmemdupz(cwd->buf, offset);
                if (chdir(cwd->buf))
-                       die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
-               return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, nongit_ok);
+                       die_errno(_("cannot come back to cwd"));
+               return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, repo_fmt, nongit_ok);
        }
 
        inside_git_dir = 1;
        inside_work_tree = 0;
        if (offset != cwd->len) {
                if (chdir(cwd->buf))
-                       die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
+                       die_errno(_("cannot come back to cwd"));
                root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd->buf);
                strbuf_setlen(cwd, offset > root_len ? offset : root_len);
                set_git_dir(cwd->buf);
@@ -563,21 +845,11 @@ static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(struct strbuf *cwd, int offset,
        return NULL;
 }
 
-static const char *setup_nongit(const char *cwd, int *nongit_ok)
-{
-       if (!nongit_ok)
-               die("Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): %s", DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-       if (chdir(cwd))
-               die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
-       *nongit_ok = 1;
-       return NULL;
-}
-
 static dev_t get_device_or_die(const char *path, const char *prefix, int prefix_len)
 {
        struct stat buf;
        if (stat(path, &buf)) {
-               die_errno("failed to stat '%*s%s%s'",
+               die_errno(_("failed to stat '%*s%s%s'"),
                                prefix_len,
                                prefix ? prefix : "",
                                prefix ? "/" : "", path);
@@ -607,59 +879,61 @@ static int canonicalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item,
                /* Keep entry but do not canonicalize it */
                return 1;
        } else {
-               const char *real_path = real_path_if_valid(ceil);
-               if (!real_path)
+               char *real_path = real_pathdup(ceil, 0);
+               if (!real_path) {
                        return 0;
+               }
                free(item->string);
-               item->string = xstrdup(real_path);
+               item->string = real_path;
                return 1;
        }
 }
 
+enum discovery_result {
+       GIT_DIR_NONE = 0,
+       GIT_DIR_EXPLICIT,
+       GIT_DIR_DISCOVERED,
+       GIT_DIR_BARE,
+       /* these are errors */
+       GIT_DIR_HIT_CEILING = -1,
+       GIT_DIR_HIT_MOUNT_POINT = -2,
+       GIT_DIR_INVALID_GITFILE = -3
+};
+
 /*
  * We cannot decide in this function whether we are in the work tree or
  * not, since the config can only be read _after_ this function was called.
+ *
+ * Also, we avoid changing any global state (such as the current working
+ * directory) to allow early callers.
+ *
+ * The directory where the search should start needs to be passed in via the
+ * `dir` parameter; upon return, the `dir` buffer will contain the path of
+ * the directory where the search ended, and `gitdir` will contain the path of
+ * the discovered .git/ directory, if any. If `gitdir` is not absolute, it
+ * is relative to `dir` (i.e. *not* necessarily the cwd).
  */
-static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
+static enum discovery_result setup_git_directory_gently_1(struct strbuf *dir,
+                                                         struct strbuf *gitdir,
+                                                         int die_on_error)
 {
        const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
        struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-       static struct strbuf cwd = STRBUF_INIT;
-       const char *gitdirenv, *ret;
-       char *gitfile;
-       int offset, offset_parent, ceil_offset = -1;
+       const char *gitdirenv;
+       int ceil_offset = -1, min_offset = offset_1st_component(dir->buf);
        dev_t current_device = 0;
        int one_filesystem = 1;
 
        /*
-        * We may have read an incomplete configuration before
-        * setting-up the git directory. If so, clear the cache so
-        * that the next queries to the configuration reload complete
-        * configuration (including the per-repo config file that we
-        * ignored previously).
-        */
-       git_config_clear();
-
-       /*
-        * Let's assume that we are in a git repository.
-        * If it turns out later that we are somewhere else, the value will be
-        * updated accordingly.
-        */
-       if (nongit_ok)
-               *nongit_ok = 0;
-
-       if (strbuf_getcwd(&cwd))
-               die_errno("Unable to read current working directory");
-       offset = cwd.len;
-
-       /*
         * If GIT_DIR is set explicitly, we're not going
         * to do any discovery, but we still do repository
         * validation.
         */
        gitdirenv = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-       if (gitdirenv)
-               return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, &cwd, nongit_ok);
+       if (gitdirenv) {
+               strbuf_addstr(gitdir, gitdirenv);
+               return GIT_DIR_EXPLICIT;
+       }
 
        if (env_ceiling_dirs) {
                int empty_entry_found = 0;
@@ -667,90 +941,246 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
                string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, env_ceiling_dirs, PATH_SEP, -1);
                filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
                                   canonicalize_ceiling_entry, &empty_entry_found);
-               ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd.buf, &ceiling_dirs);
+               ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(dir->buf, &ceiling_dirs);
                string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
        }
 
-       if (ceil_offset < 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(cwd.buf))
-               ceil_offset = 1;
+       if (ceil_offset < 0)
+               ceil_offset = min_offset - 2;
+
+       if (min_offset && min_offset == dir->len &&
+           !is_dir_sep(dir->buf[min_offset - 1])) {
+               strbuf_addch(dir, '/');
+               min_offset++;
+       }
 
        /*
-        * Test in the following order (relative to the cwd):
+        * Test in the following order (relative to the dir):
         * - .git (file containing "gitdir: <path>")
         * - .git/
         * - ./ (bare)
         * - ../.git
         * - ../.git/
         * - ../ (bare)
-        * - ../../.git/
+        * - ../../.git
         *   etc.
         */
        one_filesystem = !git_env_bool("GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM", 0);
        if (one_filesystem)
-               current_device = get_device_or_die(".", NULL, 0);
+               current_device = get_device_or_die(dir->buf, NULL, 0);
        for (;;) {
-               gitfile = (char*)read_gitfile(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-               if (gitfile)
-                       gitdirenv = gitfile = xstrdup(gitfile);
-               else {
-                       if (is_git_directory(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT))
-                               gitdirenv = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
+               int offset = dir->len, error_code = 0;
+
+               if (offset > min_offset)
+                       strbuf_addch(dir, '/');
+               strbuf_addstr(dir, DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+               gitdirenv = read_gitfile_gently(dir->buf, die_on_error ?
+                                               NULL : &error_code);
+               if (!gitdirenv) {
+                       if (die_on_error ||
+                           error_code == READ_GITFILE_ERR_NOT_A_FILE) {
+                               /* NEEDSWORK: fail if .git is not file nor dir */
+                               if (is_git_directory(dir->buf))
+                                       gitdirenv = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
+                       } else if (error_code != READ_GITFILE_ERR_STAT_FAILED)
+                               return GIT_DIR_INVALID_GITFILE;
                }
-
+               strbuf_setlen(dir, offset);
                if (gitdirenv) {
-                       ret = setup_discovered_git_dir(gitdirenv,
-                                                      &cwd, offset,
-                                                      nongit_ok);
-                       free(gitfile);
-                       return ret;
+                       strbuf_addstr(gitdir, gitdirenv);
+                       return GIT_DIR_DISCOVERED;
                }
-               free(gitfile);
 
-               if (is_git_directory("."))
-                       return setup_bare_git_dir(&cwd, offset, nongit_ok);
-
-               offset_parent = offset;
-               while (--offset_parent > ceil_offset && cwd.buf[offset_parent] != '/');
-               if (offset_parent <= ceil_offset)
-                       return setup_nongit(cwd.buf, nongit_ok);
-               if (one_filesystem) {
-                       dev_t parent_device = get_device_or_die("..", cwd.buf,
-                                                               offset);
-                       if (parent_device != current_device) {
-                               if (nongit_ok) {
-                                       if (chdir(cwd.buf))
-                                               die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
-                                       *nongit_ok = 1;
-                                       return NULL;
-                               }
-                               strbuf_setlen(&cwd, offset);
-                               die("Not a git repository (or any parent up to mount point %s)\n"
-                               "Stopping at filesystem boundary (GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM not set).",
-                                   cwd.buf);
-                       }
-               }
-               if (chdir("..")) {
-                       strbuf_setlen(&cwd, offset);
-                       die_errno("Cannot change to '%s/..'", cwd.buf);
+               if (is_git_directory(dir->buf)) {
+                       strbuf_addstr(gitdir, ".");
+                       return GIT_DIR_BARE;
                }
-               offset = offset_parent;
+
+               if (offset <= min_offset)
+                       return GIT_DIR_HIT_CEILING;
+
+               while (--offset > ceil_offset && !is_dir_sep(dir->buf[offset]))
+                       ; /* continue */
+               if (offset <= ceil_offset)
+                       return GIT_DIR_HIT_CEILING;
+
+               strbuf_setlen(dir, offset > min_offset ?  offset : min_offset);
+               if (one_filesystem &&
+                   current_device != get_device_or_die(dir->buf, NULL, offset))
+                       return GIT_DIR_HIT_MOUNT_POINT;
        }
 }
 
+int discover_git_directory(struct strbuf *commondir,
+                          struct strbuf *gitdir)
+{
+       struct strbuf dir = STRBUF_INIT, err = STRBUF_INIT;
+       size_t gitdir_offset = gitdir->len, cwd_len;
+       size_t commondir_offset = commondir->len;
+       struct repository_format candidate = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;
+
+       if (strbuf_getcwd(&dir))
+               return -1;
+
+       cwd_len = dir.len;
+       if (setup_git_directory_gently_1(&dir, gitdir, 0) <= 0) {
+               strbuf_release(&dir);
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * The returned gitdir is relative to dir, and if dir does not reflect
+        * the current working directory, we simply make the gitdir absolute.
+        */
+       if (dir.len < cwd_len && !is_absolute_path(gitdir->buf + gitdir_offset)) {
+               /* Avoid a trailing "/." */
+               if (!strcmp(".", gitdir->buf + gitdir_offset))
+                       strbuf_setlen(gitdir, gitdir_offset);
+               else
+                       strbuf_addch(&dir, '/');
+               strbuf_insert(gitdir, gitdir_offset, dir.buf, dir.len);
+       }
+
+       get_common_dir(commondir, gitdir->buf + gitdir_offset);
+
+       strbuf_reset(&dir);
+       strbuf_addf(&dir, "%s/config", commondir->buf + commondir_offset);
+       read_repository_format(&candidate, dir.buf);
+       strbuf_release(&dir);
+
+       if (verify_repository_format(&candidate, &err) < 0) {
+               warning("ignoring git dir '%s': %s",
+                       gitdir->buf + gitdir_offset, err.buf);
+               strbuf_release(&err);
+               strbuf_setlen(commondir, commondir_offset);
+               strbuf_setlen(gitdir, gitdir_offset);
+               clear_repository_format(&candidate);
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       clear_repository_format(&candidate);
+       return 0;
+}
+
 const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
 {
-       const char *prefix;
+       static struct strbuf cwd = STRBUF_INIT;
+       struct strbuf dir = STRBUF_INIT, gitdir = STRBUF_INIT;
+       const char *prefix = NULL;
+       struct repository_format repo_fmt = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;
 
-       prefix = setup_git_directory_gently_1(nongit_ok);
-       if (prefix)
-               setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, prefix, 1);
-       else
-               setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, "", 1);
+       /*
+        * We may have read an incomplete configuration before
+        * setting-up the git directory. If so, clear the cache so
+        * that the next queries to the configuration reload complete
+        * configuration (including the per-repo config file that we
+        * ignored previously).
+        */
+       git_config_clear();
+
+       /*
+        * Let's assume that we are in a git repository.
+        * If it turns out later that we are somewhere else, the value will be
+        * updated accordingly.
+        */
+       if (nongit_ok)
+               *nongit_ok = 0;
+
+       if (strbuf_getcwd(&cwd))
+               die_errno(_("Unable to read current working directory"));
+       strbuf_addbuf(&dir, &cwd);
+
+       switch (setup_git_directory_gently_1(&dir, &gitdir, 1)) {
+       case GIT_DIR_EXPLICIT:
+               prefix = setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir.buf, &cwd, &repo_fmt, nongit_ok);
+               break;
+       case GIT_DIR_DISCOVERED:
+               if (dir.len < cwd.len && chdir(dir.buf))
+                       die(_("cannot change to '%s'"), dir.buf);
+               prefix = setup_discovered_git_dir(gitdir.buf, &cwd, dir.len,
+                                                 &repo_fmt, nongit_ok);
+               break;
+       case GIT_DIR_BARE:
+               if (dir.len < cwd.len && chdir(dir.buf))
+                       die(_("cannot change to '%s'"), dir.buf);
+               prefix = setup_bare_git_dir(&cwd, dir.len, &repo_fmt, nongit_ok);
+               break;
+       case GIT_DIR_HIT_CEILING:
+               if (!nongit_ok)
+                       die(_("not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): %s"),
+                           DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+               *nongit_ok = 1;
+               break;
+       case GIT_DIR_HIT_MOUNT_POINT:
+               if (!nongit_ok)
+                       die(_("not a git repository (or any parent up to mount point %s)\n"
+                             "Stopping at filesystem boundary (GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM not set)."),
+                           dir.buf);
+               *nongit_ok = 1;
+               break;
+       case GIT_DIR_NONE:
+               /*
+                * As a safeguard against setup_git_directory_gently_1 returning
+                * this value, fallthrough to BUG. Otherwise it is possible to
+                * set startup_info->have_repository to 1 when we did nothing to
+                * find a repository.
+                */
+       default:
+               BUG("unhandled setup_git_directory_1() result");
+       }
 
-       if (startup_info) {
-               startup_info->have_repository = !nongit_ok || !*nongit_ok;
+       /*
+        * At this point, nongit_ok is stable. If it is non-NULL and points
+        * to a non-zero value, then this means that we haven't found a
+        * repository and that the caller expects startup_info to reflect
+        * this.
+        *
+        * Regardless of the state of nongit_ok, startup_info->prefix and
+        * the GIT_PREFIX environment variable must always match. For details
+        * see Documentation/config/alias.txt.
+        */
+       if (nongit_ok && *nongit_ok) {
+               startup_info->have_repository = 0;
+               startup_info->prefix = NULL;
+               setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, "", 1);
+       } else {
+               startup_info->have_repository = 1;
                startup_info->prefix = prefix;
+               if (prefix)
+                       setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, prefix, 1);
+               else
+                       setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, "", 1);
        }
+
+       /*
+        * Not all paths through the setup code will call 'set_git_dir()' (which
+        * directly sets up the environment) so in order to guarantee that the
+        * environment is in a consistent state after setup, explicitly setup
+        * the environment if we have a repository.
+        *
+        * NEEDSWORK: currently we allow bogus GIT_DIR values to be set in some
+        * code paths so we also need to explicitly setup the environment if
+        * the user has set GIT_DIR.  It may be beneficial to disallow bogus
+        * GIT_DIR values at some point in the future.
+        */
+       if (/* GIT_DIR_EXPLICIT, GIT_DIR_DISCOVERED, GIT_DIR_BARE */
+           startup_info->have_repository ||
+           /* GIT_DIR_EXPLICIT */
+           getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT)) {
+               if (!the_repository->gitdir) {
+                       const char *gitdir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
+                       if (!gitdir)
+                               gitdir = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
+                       setup_git_env(gitdir);
+               }
+               if (startup_info->have_repository)
+                       repo_set_hash_algo(the_repository, repo_fmt.hash_algo);
+       }
+
+       strbuf_release(&dir);
+       strbuf_release(&gitdir);
+       clear_repository_format(&repo_fmt);
+
        return prefix;
 }
 
@@ -794,9 +1224,9 @@ int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value)
        /* A filemode value was given: 0xxx */
 
        if ((i & 0600) != 0600)
-               die("Problem with core.sharedRepository filemode value "
+               die(_("problem with core.sharedRepository filemode value "
                    "(0%.3o).\nThe owner of files must always have "
-                   "read and write permissions.", i);
+                   "read and write permissions."), i);
 
        /*
         * Mask filemode value. Others can not get write permission.
@@ -805,29 +1235,12 @@ int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value)
        return -(i & 0666);
 }
 
-int check_repository_format_version(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-       if (strcmp(var, "core.repositoryformatversion") == 0)
-               repository_format_version = git_config_int(var, value);
-       else if (strcmp(var, "core.sharedrepository") == 0)
-               shared_repository = git_config_perm(var, value);
-       else if (strcmp(var, "core.bare") == 0) {
-               is_bare_repository_cfg = git_config_bool(var, value);
-               if (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1)
-                       inside_work_tree = -1;
-       } else if (strcmp(var, "core.worktree") == 0) {
-               if (!value)
-                       return config_error_nonbool(var);
-               free(git_work_tree_cfg);
-               git_work_tree_cfg = xstrdup(value);
-               inside_work_tree = -1;
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int check_repository_format(void)
+void check_repository_format(void)
 {
-       return check_repository_format_gently(get_git_dir(), NULL);
+       struct repository_format repo_fmt = REPOSITORY_FORMAT_INIT;
+       check_repository_format_gently(get_git_dir(), &repo_fmt, NULL);
+       startup_info->have_repository = 1;
+       clear_repository_format(&repo_fmt);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -841,11 +1254,11 @@ const char *setup_git_directory(void)
        return setup_git_directory_gently(NULL);
 }
 
-const char *resolve_gitdir(const char *suspect)
+const char *resolve_gitdir_gently(const char *suspect, int *return_error_code)
 {
        if (is_git_directory(suspect))
                return suspect;
-       return read_gitfile(suspect);
+       return read_gitfile_gently(suspect, return_error_code);
 }
 
 /* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
@@ -855,7 +1268,7 @@ void sanitize_stdfds(void)
        while (fd != -1 && fd < 2)
                fd = dup(fd);
        if (fd == -1)
-               die_errno("open /dev/null or dup failed");
+               die_errno(_("open /dev/null or dup failed"));
        if (fd > 2)
                close(fd);
 }
@@ -870,12 +1283,12 @@ int daemonize(void)
                case 0:
                        break;
                case -1:
-                       die_errno("fork failed");
+                       die_errno(_("fork failed"));
                default:
                        exit(0);
        }
        if (setsid() == -1)
-               die_errno("setsid failed");
+               die_errno(_("setsid failed"));
        close(0);
        close(1);
        close(2);