Imported Upstream version 2.21.0
[platform/upstream/git.git] / git-send-email.perl
index aea66a0..8eb63b5 100755 (executable)
 use 5.008;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+use POSIX qw/strftime/;
 use Term::ReadLine;
 use Getopt::Long;
 use Text::ParseWords;
-use Data::Dumper;
 use Term::ANSIColor;
 use File::Temp qw/ tempdir tempfile /;
-use File::Spec::Functions qw(catfile);
-use Error qw(:try);
+use File::Spec::Functions qw(catdir catfile);
+use Git::LoadCPAN::Error qw(:try);
+use Cwd qw(abs_path cwd);
 use Git;
+use Git::I18N;
+use Net::Domain ();
+use Net::SMTP ();
+use Git::LoadCPAN::Mail::Address;
 
 Getopt::Long::Configure qw/ pass_through /;
 
@@ -46,6 +51,7 @@ package main;
 sub usage {
        print <<EOT;
 git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
+git send-email --dump-aliases
 
   Composing:
     --from                  <str>  * Email From:
@@ -53,10 +59,14 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
     --[no-]cc               <str>  * Email Cc:
     --[no-]bcc              <str>  * Email Bcc:
     --subject               <str>  * Email "Subject:"
+    --reply-to              <str>  * Email "Reply-To:"
     --in-reply-to           <str>  * Email "In-Reply-To:"
-    --annotate                     * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
+    --[no-]xmailer                 * Add "X-Mailer:" header (default).
+    --[no-]annotate                * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
     --compose                      * Open an editor for introduction.
+    --compose-encoding      <str>  * Encoding to assume for introduction.
     --8bit-encoding         <str>  * Encoding to assume 8bit mails if undeclared
+    --transfer-encoding     <str>  * Transfer encoding to use (quoted-printable, 8bit, base64)
 
   Sending:
     --envelope-sender       <str>  * Email envelope sender.
@@ -68,14 +78,28 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
     --smtp-pass             <str>  * Password for SMTP-AUTH; not necessary.
     --smtp-encryption       <str>  * tls or ssl; anything else disables.
     --smtp-ssl                     * Deprecated. Use '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
+    --smtp-ssl-cert-path    <str>  * Path to ca-certificates (either directory or file).
+                                     Pass an empty string to disable certificate
+                                     verification.
     --smtp-domain           <str>  * The domain name sent to HELO/EHLO handshake
+    --smtp-auth             <str>  * Space-separated list of allowed AUTH mechanisms, or
+                                     "none" to disable authentication.
+                                     This setting forces to use one of the listed mechanisms.
+    --no-smtp-auth                   Disable SMTP authentication. Shorthand for
+                                     `--smtp-auth=none`
     --smtp-debug            <0|1>  * Disable, enable Net::SMTP debug.
 
+    --batch-size            <int>  * send max <int> message per connection.
+    --relogin-delay         <int>  * delay <int> seconds between two successive login.
+                                     This option can only be used with --batch-size
+
   Automating:
     --identity              <str>  * Use the sendemail.<id> options.
     --to-cmd                <str>  * Email To: via `<str> \$patch_path`
     --cc-cmd                <str>  * Email Cc: via `<str> \$patch_path`
-    --suppress-cc           <str>  * author, self, sob, cc, cccmd, body, bodycc, all.
+    --suppress-cc           <str>  * author, self, sob, cc, cccmd, body, bodycc, misc-by, all.
+    --[no-]cc-cover                * Email Cc: addresses in the cover letter.
+    --[no-]to-cover                * Email To: addresses in the cover letter.
     --[no-]signed-off-by-cc        * Send to Signed-off-by: addresses. Default on.
     --[no-]suppress-from           * Send to self. Default off.
     --[no-]chain-reply-to          * Chain In-Reply-To: fields. Default off.
@@ -91,10 +115,18 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
                                      `git format-patch` ones.
     --force                        * Send even if safety checks would prevent it.
 
+  Information:
+    --dump-aliases                 * Dump configured aliases and exit.
+
 EOT
        exit(1);
 }
 
+sub completion_helper {
+    print Git::command('format-patch', '--git-completion-helper');
+    exit(0);
+}
+
 # most mail servers generate the Date: header, but not all...
 sub format_2822_time {
        my ($time) = @_;
@@ -103,20 +135,20 @@ sub format_2822_time {
        my $localmin = $localtm[1] + $localtm[2] * 60;
        my $gmtmin = $gmttm[1] + $gmttm[2] * 60;
        if ($localtm[0] != $gmttm[0]) {
-               die "local zone differs from GMT by a non-minute interval\n";
+               die __("local zone differs from GMT by a non-minute interval\n");
        }
        if ((($gmttm[6] + 1) % 7) == $localtm[6]) {
                $localmin += 1440;
        } elsif ((($gmttm[6] - 1) % 7) == $localtm[6]) {
                $localmin -= 1440;
        } elsif ($gmttm[6] != $localtm[6]) {
-               die "local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n";
+               die __("local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n");
        }
        my $offset = $localmin - $gmtmin;
        my $offhour = $offset / 60;
        my $offmin = abs($offset % 60);
        if (abs($offhour) >= 24) {
-               die ("local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n");
+               die __("local time offset greater than or equal to 24 hours\n");
        }
 
        return sprintf("%s, %2d %s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %s%02d%02d",
@@ -135,19 +167,24 @@ sub format_2822_time {
 }
 
 my $have_email_valid = eval { require Email::Valid; 1 };
-my $have_mail_address = eval { require Mail::Address; 1 };
 my $smtp;
 my $auth;
+my $num_sent = 0;
+
+# Regexes for RFC 2047 productions.
+my $re_token = qr/[^][()<>@,;:\\"\/?.= \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
+my $re_encoded_text = qr/[^? \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
+my $re_encoded_word = qr/=\?($re_token)\?($re_token)\?($re_encoded_text)\?=/;
 
 # Variables we fill in automatically, or via prompting:
 my (@to,$no_to,@initial_to,@cc,$no_cc,@initial_cc,@bcclist,$no_bcc,@xh,
-       $initial_reply_to,$initial_subject,@files,
-       $author,$sender,$smtp_authpass,$annotate,$compose,$time);
+       $initial_in_reply_to,$reply_to,$initial_subject,@files,
+       $author,$sender,$smtp_authpass,$annotate,$use_xmailer,$compose,$time);
 
 my $envelope_sender;
 
 # Example reply to:
-#$initial_reply_to = ''; #<20050203173208.GA23964@foobar.com>';
+#$initial_in_reply_to = ''; #<20050203173208.GA23964@foobar.com>';
 
 my $repo = eval { Git->repository() };
 my @repo = $repo ? ($repo) : ();
@@ -165,6 +202,7 @@ my ($quiet, $dry_run) = (0, 0);
 my $format_patch;
 my $compose_filename;
 my $force = 0;
+my $dump_aliases = 0;
 
 # Handle interactive edition of files.
 my $multiedit;
@@ -178,39 +216,45 @@ sub do_edit {
                map {
                        system('sh', '-c', $editor.' "$@"', $editor, $_);
                        if (($? & 127) || ($? >> 8)) {
-                               die("the editor exited uncleanly, aborting everything");
+                               die(__("the editor exited uncleanly, aborting everything"));
                        }
                } @_;
        } else {
                system('sh', '-c', $editor.' "$@"', $editor, @_);
                if (($? & 127) || ($? >> 8)) {
-                       die("the editor exited uncleanly, aborting everything");
+                       die(__("the editor exited uncleanly, aborting everything"));
                }
        }
 }
 
 # Variables with corresponding config settings
 my ($thread, $chain_reply_to, $suppress_from, $signed_off_by_cc);
+my ($cover_cc, $cover_to);
 my ($to_cmd, $cc_cmd);
 my ($smtp_server, $smtp_server_port, @smtp_server_options);
-my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption);
-my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, $smtp_domain);
+my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption, $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+my ($batch_size, $relogin_delay);
+my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, $smtp_domain, $smtp_auth);
 my ($validate, $confirm);
 my (@suppress_cc);
 my ($auto_8bit_encoding);
+my ($compose_encoding);
+my $target_xfer_encoding = 'auto';
 
 my ($debug_net_smtp) = 0;              # Net::SMTP, see send_message()
 
-my $not_set_by_user = "true but not set by the user";
-
 my %config_bool_settings = (
     "thread" => [\$thread, 1],
-    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, $not_set_by_user],
+    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, 0],
     "suppressfrom" => [\$suppress_from, undef],
     "signedoffbycc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],
+    "cccover" => [\$cover_cc, undef],
+    "tocover" => [\$cover_to, undef],
     "signedoffcc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],      # Deprecated
     "validate" => [\$validate, 1],
-    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef]
+    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef],
+    "annotate" => [\$annotate, undef],
+    "xmailer" => [\$use_xmailer, 1]
 );
 
 my %config_settings = (
@@ -220,6 +264,9 @@ my %config_settings = (
     "smtpuser" => \$smtp_authuser,
     "smtppass" => \$smtp_authpass,
     "smtpdomain" => \$smtp_domain,
+    "smtpauth" => \$smtp_auth,
+    "smtpbatchsize" => \$batch_size,
+    "smtprelogindelay" => \$relogin_delay,
     "to" => \@initial_to,
     "tocmd" => \$to_cmd,
     "cc" => \@initial_cc,
@@ -231,25 +278,15 @@ my %config_settings = (
     "confirm"   => \$confirm,
     "from" => \$sender,
     "assume8bitencoding" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
+    "composeencoding" => \$compose_encoding,
+    "transferencoding" => \$target_xfer_encoding,
 );
 
 my %config_path_settings = (
     "aliasesfile" => \@alias_files,
+    "smtpsslcertpath" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
 );
 
-# Help users prepare for 1.7.0
-sub chain_reply_to {
-       if (defined $chain_reply_to &&
-           $chain_reply_to eq $not_set_by_user) {
-               print STDERR
-                   "In git 1.7.0, the default has changed to --no-chain-reply-to\n" .
-                   "Set sendemail.chainreplyto configuration variable to true if\n" .
-                   "you want to keep --chain-reply-to as your default.\n";
-               $chain_reply_to = 0;
-       }
-       return $chain_reply_to;
-}
-
 # Handle Uncouth Termination
 sub signal_handler {
 
@@ -262,10 +299,13 @@ sub signal_handler {
        # tmp files from --compose
        if (defined $compose_filename) {
                if (-e $compose_filename) {
-                       print "'$compose_filename' contains an intermediate version of the email you were composing.\n";
+                       printf __("'%s' contains an intermediate version ".
+                                 "of the email you were composing.\n"),
+                                 $compose_filename;
                }
                if (-e ($compose_filename . ".final")) {
-                       print "'$compose_filename.final' contains the composed email.\n"
+                       printf __("'%s.final' contains the composed email.\n"),
+                                 $compose_filename;
                }
        }
 
@@ -279,9 +319,16 @@ $SIG{INT}  = \&signal_handler;
 # needing, first, from the command line:
 
 my $help;
+my $git_completion_helper;
 my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
+                    "dump-aliases" => \$dump_aliases);
+usage() unless $rc;
+die __("--dump-aliases incompatible with other options\n")
+    if !$help and $dump_aliases and @ARGV;
+$rc = GetOptions(
                    "sender|from=s" => \$sender,
-                    "in-reply-to=s" => \$initial_reply_to,
+                    "in-reply-to=s" => \$initial_in_reply_to,
+                   "reply-to=s" => \$reply_to,
                    "subject=s" => \$initial_subject,
                    "to=s" => \@initial_to,
                    "to-cmd=s" => \$to_cmd,
@@ -291,6 +338,7 @@ my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
                    "bcc=s" => \@bcclist,
                    "no-bcc" => \$no_bcc,
                    "chain-reply-to!" => \$chain_reply_to,
+                   "no-chain-reply-to" => sub {$chain_reply_to = 0},
                    "smtp-server=s" => \$smtp_server,
                    "smtp-server-option=s" => \@smtp_server_options,
                    "smtp-server-port=s" => \$smtp_server_port,
@@ -298,34 +346,59 @@ my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
                    "smtp-pass:s" => \$smtp_authpass,
                    "smtp-ssl" => sub { $smtp_encryption = 'ssl' },
                    "smtp-encryption=s" => \$smtp_encryption,
+                   "smtp-ssl-cert-path=s" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
                    "smtp-debug:i" => \$debug_net_smtp,
                    "smtp-domain:s" => \$smtp_domain,
+                   "smtp-auth=s" => \$smtp_auth,
+                   "no-smtp-auth" => sub {$smtp_auth = 'none'},
                    "identity=s" => \$identity,
-                   "annotate" => \$annotate,
+                   "annotate!" => \$annotate,
+                   "no-annotate" => sub {$annotate = 0},
                    "compose" => \$compose,
                    "quiet" => \$quiet,
                    "cc-cmd=s" => \$cc_cmd,
                    "suppress-from!" => \$suppress_from,
+                   "no-suppress-from" => sub {$suppress_from = 0},
                    "suppress-cc=s" => \@suppress_cc,
                    "signed-off-cc|signed-off-by-cc!" => \$signed_off_by_cc,
+                   "no-signed-off-cc|no-signed-off-by-cc" => sub {$signed_off_by_cc = 0},
+                   "cc-cover|cc-cover!" => \$cover_cc,
+                   "no-cc-cover" => sub {$cover_cc = 0},
+                   "to-cover|to-cover!" => \$cover_to,
+                   "no-to-cover" => sub {$cover_to = 0},
                    "confirm=s" => \$confirm,
                    "dry-run" => \$dry_run,
                    "envelope-sender=s" => \$envelope_sender,
                    "thread!" => \$thread,
+                   "no-thread" => sub {$thread = 0},
                    "validate!" => \$validate,
+                   "no-validate" => sub {$validate = 0},
+                   "transfer-encoding=s" => \$target_xfer_encoding,
                    "format-patch!" => \$format_patch,
+                   "no-format-patch" => sub {$format_patch = 0},
                    "8bit-encoding=s" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
+                   "compose-encoding=s" => \$compose_encoding,
                    "force" => \$force,
+                   "xmailer!" => \$use_xmailer,
+                   "no-xmailer" => sub {$use_xmailer = 0},
+                   "batch-size=i" => \$batch_size,
+                   "relogin-delay=i" => \$relogin_delay,
+                   "git-completion-helper" => \$git_completion_helper,
         );
 
 usage() if $help;
+completion_helper() if $git_completion_helper;
 unless ($rc) {
     usage();
 }
 
-die "Cannot run git format-patch from outside a repository\n"
+die __("Cannot run git format-patch from outside a repository\n")
        if $format_patch and not $repo;
 
+die __("`batch-size` and `relogin` must be specified together " .
+       "(via command-line or configuration option)\n")
+       if defined $relogin_delay and not defined $batch_size;
+
 # Now, let's fill any that aren't set in with defaults:
 
 sub read_config {
@@ -392,14 +465,14 @@ $smtp_encryption = '' unless (defined $smtp_encryption);
 my(%suppress_cc);
 if (@suppress_cc) {
        foreach my $entry (@suppress_cc) {
-               die "Unknown --suppress-cc field: '$entry'\n"
-                       unless $entry =~ /^(?:all|cccmd|cc|author|self|sob|body|bodycc)$/;
+               die sprintf(__("Unknown --suppress-cc field: '%s'\n"), $entry)
+                       unless $entry =~ /^(?:all|cccmd|cc|author|self|sob|body|bodycc|misc-by)$/;
                $suppress_cc{$entry} = 1;
        }
 }
 
 if ($suppress_cc{'all'}) {
-       foreach my $entry (qw (cccmd cc author self sob body bodycc)) {
+       foreach my $entry (qw (cccmd cc author self sob body bodycc misc-by)) {
                $suppress_cc{$entry} = 1;
        }
        delete $suppress_cc{'all'};
@@ -410,7 +483,7 @@ $suppress_cc{'self'} = $suppress_from if defined $suppress_from;
 $suppress_cc{'sob'} = !$signed_off_by_cc if defined $signed_off_by_cc;
 
 if ($suppress_cc{'body'}) {
-       foreach my $entry (qw (sob bodycc)) {
+       foreach my $entry (qw (sob bodycc misc-by)) {
                $suppress_cc{$entry} = 1;
        }
        delete $suppress_cc{'body'};
@@ -421,7 +494,7 @@ my $confirm_unconfigured = !defined $confirm;
 if ($confirm_unconfigured) {
        $confirm = scalar %suppress_cc ? 'compose' : 'auto';
 };
-die "Unknown --confirm setting: '$confirm'\n"
+die sprintf(__("Unknown --confirm setting: '%s'\n"), $confirm)
        unless $confirm =~ /^(?:auto|cc|compose|always|never)/;
 
 # Debugging, print out the suppressions.
@@ -436,44 +509,62 @@ my ($repoauthor, $repocommitter);
 ($repoauthor) = Git::ident_person(@repo, 'author');
 ($repocommitter) = Git::ident_person(@repo, 'committer');
 
-# Verify the user input
-
-foreach my $entry (@initial_to) {
-       die "Comma in --to entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
+sub parse_address_line {
+       return map { $_->format } Mail::Address->parse($_[0]);
 }
 
-foreach my $entry (@initial_cc) {
-       die "Comma in --cc entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
+sub split_addrs {
+       return quotewords('\s*,\s*', 1, @_);
 }
 
-foreach my $entry (@bcclist) {
-       die "Comma in --bcclist entry: $entry'\n" unless $entry !~ m/,/;
-}
+my %aliases;
 
-sub parse_address_line {
-       if ($have_mail_address) {
-               return map { $_->format } Mail::Address->parse($_[0]);
+sub parse_sendmail_alias {
+       local $_ = shift;
+       if (/"/) {
+               printf STDERR __("warning: sendmail alias with quotes is not supported: %s\n"), $_;
+       } elsif (/:include:/) {
+               printf STDERR __("warning: `:include:` not supported: %s\n"), $_;
+       } elsif (/[\/|]/) {
+               printf STDERR __("warning: `/file` or `|pipe` redirection not supported: %s\n"), $_;
+       } elsif (/^(\S+?)\s*:\s*(.+)$/) {
+               my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
+               $aliases{$alias} = [ split_addrs($addr) ];
        } else {
-               return split_addrs($_[0]);
+               printf STDERR __("warning: sendmail line is not recognized: %s\n"), $_;
        }
 }
 
-sub split_addrs {
-       return quotewords('\s*,\s*', 1, @_);
+sub parse_sendmail_aliases {
+       my $fh = shift;
+       my $s = '';
+       while (<$fh>) {
+               chomp;
+               next if /^\s*$/ || /^\s*#/;
+               $s .= $_, next if $s =~ s/\\$// || s/^\s+//;
+               parse_sendmail_alias($s) if $s;
+               $s = $_;
+       }
+       $s =~ s/\\$//; # silently tolerate stray '\' on last line
+       parse_sendmail_alias($s) if $s;
 }
 
-my %aliases;
 my %parse_alias = (
        # multiline formats can be supported in the future
        mutt => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
                if (/^\s*alias\s+(?:-group\s+\S+\s+)*(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
                        my ($alias, $addr) = ($1, $2);
                        $addr =~ s/#.*$//; # mutt allows # comments
-                        # commas delimit multiple addresses
-                       $aliases{$alias} = [ split_addrs($addr) ];
+                       # commas delimit multiple addresses
+                       my @addr = split_addrs($addr);
+
+                       # quotes may be escaped in the file,
+                       # unescape them so we do not double-escape them later.
+                       s/\\"/"/g foreach @addr;
+                       $aliases{$alias} = \@addr
                }}},
        mailrc => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
-               if (/^alias\s+(\S+)\s+(.*)$/) {
+               if (/^alias\s+(\S+)\s+(.*?)\s*$/) {
                        # spaces delimit multiple addresses
                        $aliases{$1} = [ quotewords('\s+', 0, $2) ];
                }}},
@@ -491,7 +582,7 @@ my %parse_alias = (
                               $aliases{$alias} = [ split_addrs($addr) ];
                          }
                      } },
-
+       sendmail => \&parse_sendmail_aliases,
        gnus => sub { my $fh = shift; while (<$fh>) {
                if (/\(define-mail-alias\s+"(\S+?)"\s+"(\S+?)"\)/) {
                        $aliases{$1} = [ $2 ];
@@ -506,10 +597,14 @@ if (@alias_files and $aliasfiletype and defined $parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}) {
        }
 }
 
-($sender) = expand_aliases($sender) if defined $sender;
+if ($dump_aliases) {
+    print "$_\n" for (sort keys %aliases);
+    exit(0);
+}
 
-# returns 1 if the conflict must be solved using it as a format-patch argument
-sub check_file_rev_conflict($) {
+# is_format_patch_arg($f) returns 0 if $f names a patch, or 1 if
+# $f is a revision list specification to be passed to format-patch.
+sub is_format_patch_arg {
        return unless $repo;
        my $f = shift;
        try {
@@ -517,14 +612,15 @@ sub check_file_rev_conflict($) {
                if (defined($format_patch)) {
                        return $format_patch;
                }
-               die(<<EOF);
-File '$f' exists but it could also be the range of commits
+               die sprintf(__ <<EOF, $f, $f);
+File '%s' exists but it could also be the range of commits
 to produce patches for.  Please disambiguate by...
 
-    * Saying "./$f" if you mean a file; or
+    * Saying "./%s" if you mean a file; or
     * Giving --format-patch option if you mean a range.
 EOF
        } catch Git::Error::Command with {
+               # Not a valid revision.  Treat it as a filename.
                return 0;
        }
 }
@@ -536,14 +632,14 @@ while (defined(my $f = shift @ARGV)) {
        if ($f eq "--") {
                push @rev_list_opts, "--", @ARGV;
                @ARGV = ();
-       } elsif (-d $f and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+       } elsif (-d $f and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
                opendir my $dh, $f
-                       or die "Failed to opendir $f: $!";
+                       or die sprintf(__("Failed to opendir %s: %s"), $f, $!);
 
                push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { catfile($f, $_) }
                                sort readdir $dh;
                closedir $dh;
-       } elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+       } elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
                push @files, $f;
        } else {
                push @rev_list_opts, $f;
@@ -551,16 +647,19 @@ while (defined(my $f = shift @ARGV)) {
 }
 
 if (@rev_list_opts) {
-       die "Cannot run git format-patch from outside a repository\n"
+       die __("Cannot run git format-patch from outside a repository\n")
                unless $repo;
        push @files, $repo->command('format-patch', '-o', tempdir(CLEANUP => 1), @rev_list_opts);
 }
 
+@files = handle_backup_files(@files);
+
 if ($validate) {
        foreach my $f (@files) {
                unless (-p $f) {
-                       my $error = validate_patch($f);
-                       $error and die "fatal: $f: $error\nwarning: no patches were sent\n";
+                       my $error = validate_patch($f, $target_xfer_encoding);
+                       $error and die sprintf(__("fatal: %s: %s\nwarning: no patches were sent\n"),
+                                                 $f, $error);
                }
        }
 }
@@ -570,7 +669,7 @@ if (@files) {
                print $_,"\n" for (@files);
        }
 } else {
-       print STDERR "\nNo patch files specified!\n\n";
+       print STDERR __("\nNo patch files specified!\n\n");
        usage();
 }
 
@@ -583,7 +682,7 @@ sub get_patch_subject {
                return "GIT: $1\n";
        }
        close $fh;
-       die "No subject line in $fn ?";
+       die sprintf(__("No subject line in %s?"), $fn);
 }
 
 if ($compose) {
@@ -593,25 +692,29 @@ if ($compose) {
                tempfile(".gitsendemail.msg.XXXXXX", DIR => $repo->repo_path()) :
                tempfile(".gitsendemail.msg.XXXXXX", DIR => "."))[1];
        open my $c, ">", $compose_filename
-               or die "Failed to open for writing $compose_filename: $!";
+               or die sprintf(__("Failed to open for writing %s: %s"), $compose_filename, $!);
 
 
        my $tpl_sender = $sender || $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
        my $tpl_subject = $initial_subject || '';
-       my $tpl_reply_to = $initial_reply_to || '';
+       my $tpl_in_reply_to = $initial_in_reply_to || '';
+       my $tpl_reply_to = $reply_to || '';
 
-       print $c <<EOT;
+       print $c <<EOT1, Git::prefix_lines("GIT: ", __ <<EOT2), <<EOT3;
 From $tpl_sender # This line is ignored.
-GIT: Lines beginning in "GIT:" will be removed.
-GIT: Consider including an overall diffstat or table of contents
-GIT: for the patch you are writing.
-GIT:
-GIT: Clear the body content if you don't wish to send a summary.
+EOT1
+Lines beginning in "GIT:" will be removed.
+Consider including an overall diffstat or table of contents
+for the patch you are writing.
+
+Clear the body content if you don't wish to send a summary.
+EOT2
 From: $tpl_sender
+Reply-To: $tpl_reply_to
 Subject: $tpl_subject
-In-Reply-To: $tpl_reply_to
+In-Reply-To: $tpl_in_reply_to
 
-EOT
+EOT3
        for my $f (@files) {
                print $c get_patch_subject($f);
        }
@@ -623,56 +726,73 @@ EOT
                do_edit($compose_filename);
        }
 
-       open my $c2, ">", $compose_filename . ".final"
-               or die "Failed to open $compose_filename.final : " . $!;
-
        open $c, "<", $compose_filename
-               or die "Failed to open $compose_filename : " . $!;
-
-       my $need_8bit_cte = file_has_nonascii($compose_filename);
-       my $in_body = 0;
-       my $summary_empty = 1;
-       while(<$c>) {
-               next if m/^GIT:/;
-               if ($in_body) {
-                       $summary_empty = 0 unless (/^\n$/);
-               } elsif (/^\n$/) {
-                       $in_body = 1;
-                       if ($need_8bit_cte) {
-                               print $c2 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
-                                        "Content-Type: text/plain; ",
-                                          "charset=UTF-8\n",
-                                        "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n";
-                       }
-               } elsif (/^MIME-Version:/i) {
-                       $need_8bit_cte = 0;
-               } elsif (/^Subject:\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
-                       $initial_subject = $1;
-                       my $subject = $initial_subject;
-                       $_ = "Subject: " .
-                               ($subject =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/ ?
-                                quote_rfc2047($subject) :
-                                $subject) .
-                               "\n";
-               } elsif (/^In-Reply-To:\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
-                       $initial_reply_to = $1;
-                       next;
-               } elsif (/^From:\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
-                       $sender = $1;
-                       next;
-               } elsif (/^(?:To|Cc|Bcc):/i) {
-                       print "To/Cc/Bcc fields are not interpreted yet, they have been ignored\n";
-                       next;
+               or die sprintf(__("Failed to open %s: %s"), $compose_filename, $!);
+
+       if (!defined $compose_encoding) {
+               $compose_encoding = "UTF-8";
+       }
+
+       my %parsed_email;
+       while (my $line = <$c>) {
+               next if $line =~ m/^GIT:/;
+               parse_header_line($line, \%parsed_email);
+               if ($line =~ /^$/) {
+                       $parsed_email{'body'} = filter_body($c);
                }
-               print $c2 $_;
        }
        close $c;
-       close $c2;
 
-       if ($summary_empty) {
-               print "Summary email is empty, skipping it\n";
+       open my $c2, ">", $compose_filename . ".final"
+       or die sprintf(__("Failed to open %s.final: %s"), $compose_filename, $!);
+
+
+       if ($parsed_email{'From'}) {
+               $sender = delete($parsed_email{'From'});
+       }
+       if ($parsed_email{'In-Reply-To'}) {
+               $initial_in_reply_to = delete($parsed_email{'In-Reply-To'});
+       }
+       if ($parsed_email{'Reply-To'}) {
+               $reply_to = delete($parsed_email{'Reply-To'});
+       }
+       if ($parsed_email{'Subject'}) {
+               $initial_subject = delete($parsed_email{'Subject'});
+               print $c2 "Subject: " .
+                       quote_subject($initial_subject, $compose_encoding) .
+                       "\n";
+       }
+
+       if ($parsed_email{'MIME-Version'}) {
+               print $c2 "MIME-Version: $parsed_email{'MIME-Version'}\n",
+                               "Content-Type: $parsed_email{'Content-Type'};\n",
+                               "Content-Transfer-Encoding: $parsed_email{'Content-Transfer-Encoding'}\n";
+               delete($parsed_email{'MIME-Version'});
+               delete($parsed_email{'Content-Type'});
+               delete($parsed_email{'Content-Transfer-Encoding'});
+       } elsif (file_has_nonascii($compose_filename)) {
+               my $content_type = (delete($parsed_email{'Content-Type'}) or
+                       "text/plain; charset=$compose_encoding");
+               print $c2 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
+                       "Content-Type: $content_type\n",
+                       "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n";
+       }
+       # Preserve unknown headers
+       foreach my $key (keys %parsed_email) {
+               next if $key eq 'body';
+               print $c2 "$key: $parsed_email{$key}";
+       }
+
+       if ($parsed_email{'body'}) {
+               print $c2 "\n$parsed_email{'body'}\n";
+               delete($parsed_email{'body'});
+       } else {
+               print __("Summary email is empty, skipping it\n");
                $compose = -1;
        }
+
+       close $c2;
+
 } elsif ($annotate) {
        do_edit(@files);
 }
@@ -700,15 +820,43 @@ sub ask {
                        return $resp;
                }
                if ($confirm_only) {
-                       my $yesno = $term->readline("Are you sure you want to use <$resp> [y/N]? ");
+                       my $yesno = $term->readline(
+                               # TRANSLATORS: please keep [y/N] as is.
+                               sprintf(__("Are you sure you want to use <%s> [y/N]? "), $resp));
                        if (defined $yesno && $yesno =~ /y/i) {
                                return $resp;
                        }
                }
        }
-       return undef;
+       return;
 }
 
+sub parse_header_line {
+       my $lines = shift;
+       my $parsed_line = shift;
+       my $addr_pat = join "|", qw(To Cc Bcc);
+
+       foreach (split(/\n/, $lines)) {
+               if (/^($addr_pat):\s*(.+)$/i) {
+                       $parsed_line->{$1} = [ parse_address_line($2) ];
+               } elsif (/^([^:]*):\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
+                       $parsed_line->{$1} = $2;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+sub filter_body {
+       my $c = shift;
+       my $body = "";
+       while (my $body_line = <$c>) {
+               if ($body_line !~ m/^GIT:/) {
+                       $body .= $body_line;
+               }
+       }
+       return $body;
+}
+
+
 my %broken_encoding;
 
 sub file_declares_8bit_cte {
@@ -729,37 +877,42 @@ foreach my $f (@files) {
 }
 
 if (!defined $auto_8bit_encoding && scalar %broken_encoding) {
-       print "The following files are 8bit, but do not declare " .
-               "a Content-Transfer-Encoding.\n";
+       print __("The following files are 8bit, but do not declare " .
+                "a Content-Transfer-Encoding.\n");
        foreach my $f (sort keys %broken_encoding) {
                print "    $f\n";
        }
-       $auto_8bit_encoding = ask("Which 8bit encoding should I declare [UTF-8]? ",
+       $auto_8bit_encoding = ask(__("Which 8bit encoding should I declare [UTF-8]? "),
+                                 valid_re => qr/.{4}/, confirm_only => 1,
                                  default => "UTF-8");
 }
 
 if (!$force) {
        for my $f (@files) {
                if (get_patch_subject($f) =~ /\Q*** SUBJECT HERE ***\E/) {
-                       die "Refusing to send because the patch\n\t$f\n"
+                       die sprintf(__("Refusing to send because the patch\n\t%s\n"
                                . "has the template subject '*** SUBJECT HERE ***'. "
-                               . "Pass --force if you really want to send.\n";
+                               . "Pass --force if you really want to send.\n"), $f);
                }
        }
 }
 
-my $prompting = 0;
-if (!defined $sender) {
+if (defined $sender) {
+       $sender =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+       ($sender) = expand_aliases($sender);
+} else {
        $sender = $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
-       $sender = ask("Who should the emails appear to be from? [$sender] ",
-                     default => $sender,
-                     valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
-       print "Emails will be sent from: ", $sender, "\n";
-       $prompting++;
 }
 
+# $sender could be an already sanitized address
+# (e.g. sendemail.from could be manually sanitized by user).
+# But it's a no-op to run sanitize_address on an already sanitized address.
+$sender = sanitize_address($sender);
+
+my $to_whom = __("To whom should the emails be sent (if anyone)?");
+my $prompting = 0;
 if (!@initial_to && !defined $to_cmd) {
-       my $to = ask("Who should the emails be sent to (if any)? ",
+       my $to = ask("$to_whom ",
                     default => "",
                     valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
        push @initial_to, parse_address_line($to) if defined $to; # sanitized/validated later
@@ -774,31 +927,38 @@ my %EXPANDED_ALIASES;
 sub expand_one_alias {
        my $alias = shift;
        if ($EXPANDED_ALIASES{$alias}) {
-               die "fatal: alias '$alias' expands to itself\n";
+               die sprintf(__("fatal: alias '%s' expands to itself\n"), $alias);
        }
        local $EXPANDED_ALIASES{$alias} = 1;
        return $aliases{$alias} ? expand_aliases(@{$aliases{$alias}}) : $alias;
 }
 
-@initial_to = expand_aliases(@initial_to);
-@initial_to = (map { sanitize_address($_) } @initial_to);
-@initial_cc = expand_aliases(@initial_cc);
-@bcclist = expand_aliases(@bcclist);
+@initial_to = process_address_list(@initial_to);
+@initial_cc = process_address_list(@initial_cc);
+@bcclist = process_address_list(@bcclist);
 
-if ($thread && !defined $initial_reply_to && $prompting) {
-       $initial_reply_to = ask(
-               "Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email (if any)? ",
+if ($thread && !defined $initial_in_reply_to && $prompting) {
+       $initial_in_reply_to = ask(
+               __("Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email (if any)? "),
                default => "",
                valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
 }
-if (defined $initial_reply_to) {
-       $initial_reply_to =~ s/^\s*<?//;
-       $initial_reply_to =~ s/>?\s*$//;
-       $initial_reply_to = "<$initial_reply_to>" if $initial_reply_to ne '';
+if (defined $initial_in_reply_to) {
+       $initial_in_reply_to =~ s/^\s*<?//;
+       $initial_in_reply_to =~ s/>?\s*$//;
+       $initial_in_reply_to = "<$initial_in_reply_to>" if $initial_in_reply_to ne '';
+}
+
+if (defined $reply_to) {
+       $reply_to =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
+       ($reply_to) = expand_aliases($reply_to);
+       $reply_to = sanitize_address($reply_to);
 }
 
 if (!defined $smtp_server) {
-       foreach (qw( /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail )) {
+       my @sendmail_paths = qw( /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail );
+       push @sendmail_paths, map {"$_/sendmail"} split /:/, $ENV{PATH};
+       foreach (@sendmail_paths) {
                if (-x $_) {
                        $smtp_server = $_;
                        last;
@@ -812,7 +972,7 @@ if ($compose && $compose > 0) {
 }
 
 # Variables we set as part of the loop over files
-our ($message_id, %mail, $subject, $reply_to, $references, $message,
+our ($message_id, %mail, $subject, $in_reply_to, $references, $message,
        $needs_confirm, $message_num, $ask_default);
 
 sub extract_valid_address {
@@ -826,12 +986,48 @@ sub extract_valid_address {
        $address =~ s/^\s*<(.*)>\s*$/$1/;
        if ($have_email_valid) {
                return scalar Email::Valid->address($address);
-       } else {
-               # less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
-               # but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
-               $address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
-               return $1;
        }
+
+       # less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
+       # but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
+       return $1 if $address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
+       return;
+}
+
+sub extract_valid_address_or_die {
+       my $address = shift;
+       $address = extract_valid_address($address);
+       die sprintf(__("error: unable to extract a valid address from: %s\n"), $address)
+               if !$address;
+       return $address;
+}
+
+sub validate_address {
+       my $address = shift;
+       while (!extract_valid_address($address)) {
+               printf STDERR __("error: unable to extract a valid address from: %s\n"), $address;
+               # TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [q] [d] [e] in your
+               # translation. The program will only accept English input
+               # at this point.
+               $_ = ask(__("What to do with this address? ([q]uit|[d]rop|[e]dit): "),
+                       valid_re => qr/^(?:quit|q|drop|d|edit|e)/i,
+                       default => 'q');
+               if (/^d/i) {
+                       return undef;
+               } elsif (/^q/i) {
+                       cleanup_compose_files();
+                       exit(0);
+               }
+               $address = ask("$to_whom ",
+                       default => "",
+                       valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
+       }
+       return $address;
+}
+
+sub validate_address_list {
+       return (grep { defined $_ }
+               map { validate_address($_) } @_);
 }
 
 # Usually don't need to change anything below here.
@@ -847,7 +1043,7 @@ my ($message_id_stamp, $message_id_serial);
 sub make_message_id {
        my $uniq;
        if (!defined $message_id_stamp) {
-               $message_id_stamp = sprintf("%s-%s", time, $$);
+               $message_id_stamp = strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S.$$", gmtime(time));
                $message_id_serial = 0;
        }
        $message_id_serial++;
@@ -862,7 +1058,7 @@ sub make_message_id {
                require Sys::Hostname;
                $du_part = 'user@' . Sys::Hostname::hostname();
        }
-       my $message_id_template = "<%s-git-send-email-%s>";
+       my $message_id_template = "<%s-%s>";
        $message_id = sprintf($message_id_template, $uniq, $du_part);
        #print "new message id = $message_id\n"; # Was useful for debugging
 }
@@ -873,15 +1069,26 @@ $time = time - scalar $#files;
 
 sub unquote_rfc2047 {
        local ($_) = @_;
-       my $encoding;
-       s{=\?([^?]+)\?q\?(.*?)\?=}{
-               $encoding = $1;
-               my $e = $2;
-               $e =~ s/_/ /g;
-               $e =~ s/=([0-9A-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;
-               $e;
+       my $charset;
+       my $sep = qr/[ \t]+/;
+       s{$re_encoded_word(?:$sep$re_encoded_word)*}{
+               my @words = split $sep, $&;
+               foreach (@words) {
+                       m/$re_encoded_word/;
+                       $charset = $1;
+                       my $encoding = $2;
+                       my $text = $3;
+                       if ($encoding eq 'q' || $encoding eq 'Q') {
+                               $_ = $text;
+                               s/_/ /g;
+                               s/=([0-9A-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/egi;
+                       } else {
+                               # other encodings not supported yet
+                       }
+               }
+               join '', @words;
        }eg;
-       return wantarray ? ($_, $encoding) : $_;
+       return wantarray ? ($_, $charset) : $_;
 }
 
 sub quote_rfc2047 {
@@ -894,15 +1101,33 @@ sub quote_rfc2047 {
 
 sub is_rfc2047_quoted {
        my $s = shift;
-       my $token = qr/[^][()<>@,;:"\/?.= \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
-       my $encoded_text = qr/[!->@-~]+/;
        length($s) <= 75 &&
-       $s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|=\?$token\?$token\?$encoded_text\?=)$/o;
+       $s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|$re_encoded_word)$/o;
+}
+
+sub subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting {
+       my $s = shift;
+
+       return ($s =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/) || ($s =~ /=\?/);
+}
+
+sub quote_subject {
+       local $subject = shift;
+       my $encoding = shift || 'UTF-8';
+
+       if (subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting($subject)) {
+               return quote_rfc2047($subject, $encoding);
+       }
+       return $subject;
 }
 
 # use the simplest quoting being able to handle the recipient
 sub sanitize_address {
        my ($recipient) = @_;
+
+       # remove garbage after email address
+       $recipient =~ s/(.*>).*$/$1/;
+
        my ($recipient_name, $recipient_addr) = ($recipient =~ /^(.*?)\s*(<.*)/);
 
        if (not $recipient_name) {
@@ -914,15 +1139,17 @@ sub sanitize_address {
                return $recipient;
        }
 
+       # remove non-escaped quotes
+       $recipient_name =~ s/(^|[^\\])"/$1/g;
+
        # rfc2047 is needed if a non-ascii char is included
        if ($recipient_name =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/) {
-               $recipient_name =~ s/^"(.*)"$/$1/;
                $recipient_name = quote_rfc2047($recipient_name);
        }
 
        # double quotes are needed if specials or CTLs are included
        elsif ($recipient_name =~ /[][()<>@,;:\\".\000-\037\177]/) {
-               $recipient_name =~ s/(["\\\r])/\\$1/g;
+               $recipient_name =~ s/([\\\r])/\\$1/g;
                $recipient_name = qq["$recipient_name"];
        }
 
@@ -930,6 +1157,38 @@ sub sanitize_address {
 
 }
 
+sub strip_garbage_one_address {
+       my ($addr) = @_;
+       chomp $addr;
+       if ($addr =~ /^(("[^"]*"|[^"<]*)? *<[^>]*>).*/) {
+               # "Foo Bar" <foobar@example.com> [possibly garbage here]
+               # Foo Bar <foobar@example.com> [possibly garbage here]
+               return $1;
+       }
+       if ($addr =~ /^(<[^>]*>).*/) {
+               # <foo@example.com> [possibly garbage here]
+               # if garbage contains other addresses, they are ignored.
+               return $1;
+       }
+       if ($addr =~ /^([^"#,\s]*)/) {
+               # address without quoting: remove anything after the address
+               return $1;
+       }
+       return $addr;
+}
+
+sub sanitize_address_list {
+       return (map { sanitize_address($_) } @_);
+}
+
+sub process_address_list {
+       my @addr_list = map { parse_address_line($_) } @_;
+       @addr_list = expand_aliases(@addr_list);
+       @addr_list = sanitize_address_list(@addr_list);
+       @addr_list = validate_address_list(@addr_list);
+       return @addr_list;
+}
+
 # Returns the local Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) if available.
 #
 # Tightly configured MTAa require that a caller sends a real DNS
@@ -954,10 +1213,8 @@ sub valid_fqdn {
 sub maildomain_net {
        my $maildomain;
 
-       if (eval { require Net::Domain; 1 }) {
-               my $domain = Net::Domain::domainname();
-               $maildomain = $domain if valid_fqdn($domain);
-       }
+       my $domain = Net::Domain::domainname();
+       $maildomain = $domain if valid_fqdn($domain);
 
        return $maildomain;
 }
@@ -965,17 +1222,15 @@ sub maildomain_net {
 sub maildomain_mta {
        my $maildomain;
 
-       if (eval { require Net::SMTP; 1 }) {
-               for my $host (qw(mailhost localhost)) {
-                       my $smtp = Net::SMTP->new($host);
-                       if (defined $smtp) {
-                               my $domain = $smtp->domain;
-                               $smtp->quit;
+       for my $host (qw(mailhost localhost)) {
+               my $smtp = Net::SMTP->new($host);
+               if (defined $smtp) {
+                       my $domain = $smtp->domain;
+                       $smtp->quit;
 
-                               $maildomain = $domain if valid_fqdn($domain);
+                       $maildomain = $domain if valid_fqdn($domain);
 
-                               last if $maildomain;
-                       }
+                       last if $maildomain;
                }
        }
 
@@ -986,20 +1241,125 @@ sub maildomain {
        return maildomain_net() || maildomain_mta() || 'localhost.localdomain';
 }
 
-# Returns 1 if the message was sent, and 0 otherwise.
-# In actuality, the whole program dies when there
-# is an error sending a message.
+sub smtp_host_string {
+       if (defined $smtp_server_port) {
+               return "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port";
+       } else {
+               return $smtp_server;
+       }
+}
+
+# Returns 1 if authentication succeeded or was not necessary
+# (smtp_user was not specified), and 0 otherwise.
+
+sub smtp_auth_maybe {
+       if (!defined $smtp_authuser || $auth || (defined $smtp_auth && $smtp_auth eq "none")) {
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       # Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
+       # with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
+       eval {
+               require Authen::SASL;
+               Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
+       };
+
+       # Check mechanism naming as defined in:
+       # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4422#page-8
+       if ($smtp_auth && $smtp_auth !~ /^(\b[A-Z0-9-_]{1,20}\s*)*$/) {
+               die "invalid smtp auth: '${smtp_auth}'";
+       }
+
+       # TODO: Authentication may fail not because credentials were
+       # invalid but due to other reasons, in which we should not
+       # reject credentials.
+       $auth = Git::credential({
+               'protocol' => 'smtp',
+               'host' => smtp_host_string(),
+               'username' => $smtp_authuser,
+               # if there's no password, "git credential fill" will
+               # give us one, otherwise it'll just pass this one.
+               'password' => $smtp_authpass
+       }, sub {
+               my $cred = shift;
+
+               if ($smtp_auth) {
+                       my $sasl = Authen::SASL->new(
+                               mechanism => $smtp_auth,
+                               callback => {
+                                       user => $cred->{'username'},
+                                       pass => $cred->{'password'},
+                                       authname => $cred->{'username'},
+                               }
+                       );
+
+                       return !!$smtp->auth($sasl);
+               }
+
+               return !!$smtp->auth($cred->{'username'}, $cred->{'password'});
+       });
+
+       return $auth;
+}
+
+sub ssl_verify_params {
+       eval {
+               require IO::Socket::SSL;
+               IO::Socket::SSL->import(qw/SSL_VERIFY_PEER SSL_VERIFY_NONE/);
+       };
+       if ($@) {
+               print STDERR "Not using SSL_VERIFY_PEER due to out-of-date IO::Socket::SSL.\n";
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (!defined $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+               # use the OpenSSL defaults
+               return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER());
+       }
+
+       if ($smtp_ssl_cert_path eq "") {
+               return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_NONE());
+       } elsif (-d $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+               return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
+                       SSL_ca_path => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+       } elsif (-f $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+               return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
+                       SSL_ca_file => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+       } else {
+               die sprintf(__("CA path \"%s\" does not exist"), $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+       }
+}
+
+sub file_name_is_absolute {
+       my ($path) = @_;
+
+       # msys does not grok DOS drive-prefixes
+       if ($^O eq 'msys') {
+               return ($path =~ m#^/# || $path =~ m#^[a-zA-Z]\:#)
+       }
+
+       require File::Spec::Functions;
+       return File::Spec::Functions::file_name_is_absolute($path);
+}
+
+# Prepares the email, then asks the user what to do.
+#
+# If the user chooses to send the email, it's sent and 1 is returned.
+# If the user chooses not to send the email, 0 is returned.
+# If the user decides they want to make further edits, -1 is returned and the
+# caller is expected to call send_message again after the edits are performed.
+#
+# If an error occurs sending the email, this just dies.
 
 sub send_message {
        my @recipients = unique_email_list(@to);
-       @cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address($_);
+       @cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address_or_die($_);
                      not grep { $cc eq $_ || $_ =~ /<\Q${cc}\E>$/ } @recipients
                    }
-              map { sanitize_address($_) }
               @cc);
        my $to = join (",\n\t", @recipients);
        @recipients = unique_email_list(@recipients,@cc,@bcclist);
-       @recipients = (map { extract_valid_address($_) } @recipients);
+       @recipients = (map { extract_valid_address_or_die($_) } @recipients);
        my $date = format_2822_time($time++);
        my $gitversion = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
        if ($gitversion =~ m/..GIT_VERSION../) {
@@ -1011,27 +1371,31 @@ sub send_message {
        if ($cc ne '') {
                $ccline = "\nCc: $cc";
        }
-       my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
        make_message_id() unless defined($message_id);
 
-       my $header = "From: $sanitized_sender
+       my $header = "From: $sender
 To: $to${ccline}
 Subject: $subject
 Date: $date
 Message-Id: $message_id
-X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 ";
-       if ($reply_to) {
+       if ($use_xmailer) {
+               $header .= "X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion\n";
+       }
+       if ($in_reply_to) {
 
-               $header .= "In-Reply-To: $reply_to\n";
+               $header .= "In-Reply-To: $in_reply_to\n";
                $header .= "References: $references\n";
        }
+       if ($reply_to) {
+               $header .= "Reply-To: $reply_to\n";
+       }
        if (@xh) {
                $header .= join("\n", @xh) . "\n";
        }
 
        my @sendmail_parameters = ('-i', @recipients);
-       my $raw_from = $sanitized_sender;
+       my $raw_from = $sender;
        if (defined $envelope_sender && $envelope_sender ne "auto") {
                $raw_from = $envelope_sender;
        }
@@ -1044,22 +1408,30 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
                if ($needs_confirm eq "inform") {
                        $confirm_unconfigured = 0; # squelch this message for the rest of this run
                        $ask_default = "y"; # assume yes on EOF since user hasn't explicitly asked for confirmation
-                       print "    The Cc list above has been expanded by additional\n";
-                       print "    addresses found in the patch commit message. By default\n";
-                       print "    send-email prompts before sending whenever this occurs.\n";
-                       print "    This behavior is controlled by the sendemail.confirm\n";
-                       print "    configuration setting.\n";
-                       print "\n";
-                       print "    For additional information, run 'git send-email --help'.\n";
-                       print "    To retain the current behavior, but squelch this message,\n";
-                       print "    run 'git config --global sendemail.confirm auto'.\n\n";
+                       print __ <<EOF ;
+    The Cc list above has been expanded by additional
+    addresses found in the patch commit message. By default
+    send-email prompts before sending whenever this occurs.
+    This behavior is controlled by the sendemail.confirm
+    configuration setting.
+
+    For additional information, run 'git send-email --help'.
+    To retain the current behavior, but squelch this message,
+    run 'git config --global sendemail.confirm auto'.
+
+EOF
                }
-               $_ = ask("Send this email? ([y]es|[n]o|[q]uit|[a]ll): ",
-                        valid_re => qr/^(?:yes|y|no|n|quit|q|all|a)/i,
+               # TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y] [n] [e] [q] [a] in your
+               # translation. The program will only accept English input
+               # at this point.
+               $_ = ask(__("Send this email? ([y]es|[n]o|[e]dit|[q]uit|[a]ll): "),
+                        valid_re => qr/^(?:yes|y|no|n|edit|e|quit|q|all|a)/i,
                         default => $ask_default);
-               die "Send this email reply required" unless defined $_;
+               die __("Send this email reply required") unless defined $_;
                if (/^n/i) {
                        return 0;
+               } elsif (/^e/i) {
+                       return -1;
                } elsif (/^q/i) {
                        cleanup_compose_files();
                        exit(0);
@@ -1072,7 +1444,7 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 
        if ($dry_run) {
                # We don't want to send the email.
-       } elsif ($smtp_server =~ m#^/#) {
+       } elsif (file_name_is_absolute($smtp_server)) {
                my $pid = open my $sm, '|-';
                defined $pid or die $!;
                if (!$pid) {
@@ -1083,88 +1455,96 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
        } else {
 
                if (!defined $smtp_server) {
-                       die "The required SMTP server is not properly defined."
+                       die __("The required SMTP server is not properly defined.")
                }
 
+               require Net::SMTP;
+               my $use_net_smtp_ssl = version->parse($Net::SMTP::VERSION) < version->parse("2.34");
+               $smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
+
                if ($smtp_encryption eq 'ssl') {
                        $smtp_server_port ||= 465; # ssmtp
-                       require Net::SMTP::SSL;
-                       $smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
-                       $smtp ||= Net::SMTP::SSL->new($smtp_server,
-                                                     Hello => $smtp_domain,
-                                                     Port => $smtp_server_port);
+                       require IO::Socket::SSL;
+
+                       # Suppress "variable accessed once" warning.
+                       {
+                               no warnings 'once';
+                               $IO::Socket::SSL::DEBUG = 1;
+                       }
+
+                       # Net::SMTP::SSL->new() does not forward any SSL options
+                       IO::Socket::SSL::set_client_defaults(
+                               ssl_verify_params());
+
+                       if ($use_net_smtp_ssl) {
+                               require Net::SMTP::SSL;
+                               $smtp ||= Net::SMTP::SSL->new($smtp_server,
+                                                             Hello => $smtp_domain,
+                                                             Port => $smtp_server_port,
+                                                             Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               $smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server,
+                                                        Hello => $smtp_domain,
+                                                        Port => $smtp_server_port,
+                                                        Debug => $debug_net_smtp,
+                                                        SSL => 1);
+                       }
                }
-               else {
-                       require Net::SMTP;
-                       $smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
-                       $smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new((defined $smtp_server_port)
-                                                ? "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port"
-                                                : $smtp_server,
+               elsif (!$smtp) {
+                       $smtp_server_port ||= 25;
+                       $smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server,
                                                 Hello => $smtp_domain,
-                                                Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
+                                                Debug => $debug_net_smtp,
+                                                Port => $smtp_server_port);
                        if ($smtp_encryption eq 'tls' && $smtp) {
-                               require Net::SMTP::SSL;
-                               $smtp->command('STARTTLS');
-                               $smtp->response();
-                               if ($smtp->code == 220) {
-                                       $smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp)
-                                               or die "STARTTLS failed! ".$smtp->message;
-                                       $smtp_encryption = '';
-                                       # Send EHLO again to receive fresh
-                                       # supported commands
-                                       $smtp->hello($smtp_domain);
-                               } else {
-                                       die "Server does not support STARTTLS! ".$smtp->message;
+                               if ($use_net_smtp_ssl) {
+                                       $smtp->command('STARTTLS');
+                                       $smtp->response();
+                                       if ($smtp->code != 220) {
+                                               die sprintf(__("Server does not support STARTTLS! %s"), $smtp->message);
+                                       }
+                                       require Net::SMTP::SSL;
+                                       $smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp,
+                                                                         ssl_verify_params())
+                                               or die sprintf(__("STARTTLS failed! %s"), IO::Socket::SSL::errstr());
                                }
+                               else {
+                                       $smtp->starttls(ssl_verify_params())
+                                               or die sprintf(__("STARTTLS failed! %s"), IO::Socket::SSL::errstr());
+                               }
+                               # Send EHLO again to receive fresh
+                               # supported commands
+                               $smtp->hello($smtp_domain);
                        }
                }
 
                if (!$smtp) {
-                       die "Unable to initialize SMTP properly. Check config and use --smtp-debug. ",
-                           "VALUES: server=$smtp_server ",
+                       die __("Unable to initialize SMTP properly. Check config and use --smtp-debug."),
+                           " VALUES: server=$smtp_server ",
                            "encryption=$smtp_encryption ",
                            "hello=$smtp_domain",
                            defined $smtp_server_port ? " port=$smtp_server_port" : "";
                }
 
-               if (defined $smtp_authuser) {
-                       # Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
-                       # with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
-                       eval {
-                               require Authen::SASL;
-                               Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
-                       };
-
-                       if (!defined $smtp_authpass) {
-
-                               system "stty -echo";
-
-                               do {
-                                       print "Password: ";
-                                       $_ = <STDIN>;
-                                       print "\n";
-                               } while (!defined $_);
-
-                               chomp($smtp_authpass = $_);
-
-                               system "stty echo";
-                       }
-
-                       $auth ||= $smtp->auth( $smtp_authuser, $smtp_authpass ) or die $smtp->message;
-               }
+               smtp_auth_maybe or die $smtp->message;
 
                $smtp->mail( $raw_from ) or die $smtp->message;
                $smtp->to( @recipients ) or die $smtp->message;
                $smtp->data or die $smtp->message;
-               $smtp->datasend("$header\n$message") or die $smtp->message;
+               $smtp->datasend("$header\n") or die $smtp->message;
+               my @lines = split /^/, $message;
+               foreach my $line (@lines) {
+                       $smtp->datasend("$line") or die $smtp->message;
+               }
                $smtp->dataend() or die $smtp->message;
-               $smtp->code =~ /250|200/ or die "Failed to send $subject\n".$smtp->message;
+               $smtp->code =~ /250|200/ or die sprintf(__("Failed to send %s\n"), $subject).$smtp->message;
        }
        if ($quiet) {
-               printf (($dry_run ? "Dry-" : "")."Sent %s\n", $subject);
+               printf($dry_run ? __("Dry-Sent %s\n") : __("Sent %s\n"), $subject);
        } else {
-               print (($dry_run ? "Dry-" : "")."OK. Log says:\n");
-               if ($smtp_server !~ m#^/#) {
+               print($dry_run ? __("Dry-OK. Log says:\n") : __("OK. Log says:\n"));
+               if (!file_name_is_absolute($smtp_server)) {
                        print "Server: $smtp_server\n";
                        print "MAIL FROM:<$raw_from>\n";
                        foreach my $entry (@recipients) {
@@ -1175,28 +1555,36 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
                }
                print $header, "\n";
                if ($smtp) {
-                       print "Result: ", $smtp->code, ' ',
+                       print __("Result: "), $smtp->code, ' ',
                                ($smtp->message =~ /\n([^\n]+\n)$/s), "\n";
                } else {
-                       print "Result: OK\n";
+                       print __("Result: OK\n");
                }
        }
 
        return 1;
 }
 
-$reply_to = $initial_reply_to;
-$references = $initial_reply_to || '';
+$in_reply_to = $initial_in_reply_to;
+$references = $initial_in_reply_to || '';
 $subject = $initial_subject;
 $message_num = 0;
 
-foreach my $t (@files) {
-       open my $fh, "<", $t or die "can't open file $t";
+# Prepares the email, prompts the user, sends it out
+# Returns 0 if an edit was done and the function should be called again, or 1
+# otherwise.
+sub process_file {
+       my ($t) = @_;
+
+       open my $fh, "<", $t or die sprintf(__("can't open file %s"), $t);
 
        my $author = undef;
+       my $sauthor = undef;
        my $author_encoding;
        my $has_content_type;
        my $body_encoding;
+       my $xfer_encoding;
+       my $has_mime_version;
        @to = ();
        @cc = ();
        @xh = ();
@@ -1227,32 +1615,35 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
                }
 
                if (defined $input_format && $input_format eq 'mbox') {
-                       if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/) {
+                       if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/i) {
                                $subject = $1;
                        }
-                       elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/) {
+                       elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/i) {
                                ($author, $author_encoding) = unquote_rfc2047($1);
+                               $sauthor = sanitize_address($author);
                                next if $suppress_cc{'author'};
-                               next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $author eq $sender;
-                               printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
+                               next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $sauthor eq $sender;
+                               printf(__("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n"),
                                        $1, $_) unless $quiet;
                                push @cc, $1;
                        }
-                       elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/) {
+                       elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/i) {
                                foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
-                                       printf("(mbox) Adding to: %s from line '%s'\n",
+                                       printf(__("(mbox) Adding to: %s from line '%s'\n"),
                                                $addr, $_) unless $quiet;
-                                       push @to, sanitize_address($addr);
+                                       push @to, $addr;
                                }
                        }
-                       elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/) {
+                       elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/i) {
                                foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
-                                       if (unquote_rfc2047($addr) eq $sender) {
+                                       my $qaddr = unquote_rfc2047($addr);
+                                       my $saddr = sanitize_address($qaddr);
+                                       if ($saddr eq $sender) {
                                                next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
                                        } else {
                                                next if ($suppress_cc{'cc'});
                                        }
-                                       printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
+                                       printf(__("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n"),
                                                $addr, $_) unless $quiet;
                                        push @cc, $addr;
                                }
@@ -1264,13 +1655,25 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
                                }
                                push @xh, $_;
                        }
+                       elsif (/^MIME-Version/i) {
+                               $has_mime_version = 1;
+                               push @xh, $_;
+                       }
                        elsif (/^Message-Id: (.*)/i) {
                                $message_id = $1;
                        }
-                       elsif (!/^Date:\s/ && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
+                       elsif (/^Content-Transfer-Encoding: (.*)/i) {
+                               $xfer_encoding = $1 if not defined $xfer_encoding;
+                       }
+                       elsif (/^In-Reply-To: (.*)/i) {
+                               $in_reply_to = $1;
+                       }
+                       elsif (/^References: (.*)/i) {
+                               $references = $1;
+                       }
+                       elsif (!/^Date:\s/i && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
                                push @xh, $_;
                        }
-
                } else {
                        # In the traditional
                        # "send lots of email" format,
@@ -1279,7 +1682,7 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
                        # So let's support that, too.
                        $input_format = 'lots';
                        if (@cc == 0 && !$suppress_cc{'cc'}) {
-                               printf("(non-mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
+                               printf(__("(non-mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n"),
                                        $_, $_) unless $quiet;
                                push @cc, $_;
                        } elsif (!defined $subject) {
@@ -1290,18 +1693,31 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
        # Now parse the message body
        while(<$fh>) {
                $message .=  $_;
-               if (/^(Signed-off-by|Cc): (.*)$/i) {
+               if (/^([a-z-]*-by|Cc): (.*)/i) {
                        chomp;
                        my ($what, $c) = ($1, $2);
-                       chomp $c;
-                       if ($c eq $sender) {
+                       # strip garbage for the address we'll use:
+                       $c = strip_garbage_one_address($c);
+                       # sanitize a bit more to decide whether to suppress the address:
+                       my $sc = sanitize_address($c);
+                       if ($sc eq $sender) {
                                next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
                        } else {
-                               next if $suppress_cc{'sob'} and $what =~ /Signed-off-by/i;
-                               next if $suppress_cc{'bodycc'} and $what =~ /Cc/i;
+                               if ($what =~ /^Signed-off-by$/i) {
+                                       next if $suppress_cc{'sob'};
+                               } elsif ($what =~ /-by$/i) {
+                                       next if $suppress_cc{'misc-by'};
+                               } elsif ($what =~ /Cc/i) {
+                                       next if $suppress_cc{'bodycc'};
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if ($c !~ /.+@.+|<.+>/) {
+                               printf("(body) Ignoring %s from line '%s'\n",
+                                       $what, $_) unless $quiet;
+                               next;
                        }
                        push @cc, $c;
-                       printf("(body) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
+                       printf(__("(body) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n"),
                                $c, $_) unless $quiet;
                }
        }
@@ -1313,18 +1729,17 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
                if defined $cc_cmd && !$suppress_cc{'cccmd'};
 
        if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !$has_content_type) {
+               $xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
                $has_content_type = 1;
-               push @xh, "MIME-Version: 1.0",
-                       "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$auto_8bit_encoding",
-                       "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit";
+               push @xh, "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$auto_8bit_encoding";
                $body_encoding = $auto_8bit_encoding;
        }
 
        if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !is_rfc2047_quoted($subject)) {
-               $subject = quote_rfc2047($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
+               $subject = quote_subject($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
        }
 
-       if (defined $author and $author ne $sender) {
+       if (defined $sauthor and $sauthor ne $sender) {
                $message = "From: $author\n\n$message";
                if (defined $author_encoding) {
                        if ($has_content_type) {
@@ -1336,14 +1751,18 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
                                }
                        }
                        else {
+                               $xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
                                $has_content_type = 1;
                                push @xh,
-                                 'MIME-Version: 1.0',
-                                 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$author_encoding",
-                                 'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit';
+                                 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$author_encoding";
                        }
                }
        }
+       $xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
+       ($message, $xfer_encoding) = apply_transfer_encoding(
+               $message, $xfer_encoding, $target_xfer_encoding);
+       push @xh, "Content-Transfer-Encoding: $xfer_encoding";
+       unshift @xh, 'MIME-Version: 1.0' unless $has_mime_version;
 
        $needs_confirm = (
                $confirm eq "always" or
@@ -1351,16 +1770,32 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
                ($confirm =~ /^(?:auto|compose)$/ && $compose && $message_num == 1));
        $needs_confirm = "inform" if ($needs_confirm && $confirm_unconfigured && @cc);
 
+       @to = process_address_list(@to);
+       @cc = process_address_list(@cc);
+
        @to = (@initial_to, @to);
        @cc = (@initial_cc, @cc);
 
+       if ($message_num == 1) {
+               if (defined $cover_cc and $cover_cc) {
+                       @initial_cc = @cc;
+               }
+               if (defined $cover_to and $cover_to) {
+                       @initial_to = @to;
+               }
+       }
+
        my $message_was_sent = send_message();
+       if ($message_was_sent == -1) {
+               do_edit($t);
+               return 0;
+       }
 
        # set up for the next message
        if ($thread && $message_was_sent &&
-               (chain_reply_to() || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0 ||
+               ($chain_reply_to || !defined $in_reply_to || length($in_reply_to) == 0 ||
                $message_num == 1)) {
-               $reply_to = $message_id;
+               $in_reply_to = $message_id;
                if (length $references > 0) {
                        $references .= "\n $message_id";
                } else {
@@ -1368,6 +1803,22 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
                }
        }
        $message_id = undef;
+       $num_sent++;
+       if (defined $batch_size && $num_sent == $batch_size) {
+               $num_sent = 0;
+               $smtp->quit if defined $smtp;
+               undef $smtp;
+               undef $auth;
+               sleep($relogin_delay) if defined $relogin_delay;
+       }
+
+       return 1;
+}
+
+foreach my $t (@files) {
+       while (!process_file($t)) {
+               # user edited the file
+       }
 }
 
 # Execute a command (e.g. $to_cmd) to get a list of email addresses
@@ -1375,21 +1826,20 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 sub recipients_cmd {
        my ($prefix, $what, $cmd, $file) = @_;
 
-       my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
        my @addresses = ();
-       open my $fh, "$cmd \Q$file\E |"
-           or die "($prefix) Could not execute '$cmd'";
+       open my $fh, "-|", "$cmd \Q$file\E"
+           or die sprintf(__("(%s) Could not execute '%s'"), $prefix, $cmd);
        while (my $address = <$fh>) {
                $address =~ s/^\s*//g;
                $address =~ s/\s*$//g;
                $address = sanitize_address($address);
-               next if ($address eq $sanitized_sender and $suppress_from);
+               next if ($address eq $sender and $suppress_cc{'self'});
                push @addresses, $address;
-               printf("($prefix) Adding %s: %s from: '%s'\n",
-                      $what, $address, $cmd) unless $quiet;
+               printf(__("(%s) Adding %s: %s from: '%s'\n"),
+                      $prefix, $what, $address, $cmd) unless $quiet;
                }
        close $fh
-           or die "($prefix) failed to close pipe to '$cmd'";
+           or die sprintf(__("(%s) failed to close pipe to '%s'"), $prefix, $cmd);
        return @addresses;
 }
 
@@ -1401,39 +1851,126 @@ sub cleanup_compose_files {
 
 $smtp->quit if $smtp;
 
+sub apply_transfer_encoding {
+       my $message = shift;
+       my $from = shift;
+       my $to = shift;
+
+       return ($message, $to) if ($from eq $to and $from ne '7bit');
+
+       require MIME::QuotedPrint;
+       require MIME::Base64;
+
+       $message = MIME::QuotedPrint::decode($message)
+               if ($from eq 'quoted-printable');
+       $message = MIME::Base64::decode($message)
+               if ($from eq 'base64');
+
+       $to = ($message =~ /.{999,}/) ? 'quoted-printable' : '8bit'
+               if $to eq 'auto';
+
+       die __("cannot send message as 7bit")
+               if ($to eq '7bit' and $message =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/);
+       return ($message, $to)
+               if ($to eq '7bit' or $to eq '8bit');
+       return (MIME::QuotedPrint::encode($message, "\n", 0), $to)
+               if ($to eq 'quoted-printable');
+       return (MIME::Base64::encode($message, "\n"), $to)
+               if ($to eq 'base64');
+       die __("invalid transfer encoding");
+}
+
 sub unique_email_list {
        my %seen;
        my @emails;
 
        foreach my $entry (@_) {
-               if (my $clean = extract_valid_address($entry)) {
-                       $seen{$clean} ||= 0;
-                       next if $seen{$clean}++;
-                       push @emails, $entry;
-               } else {
-                       print STDERR "W: unable to extract a valid address",
-                                       " from: $entry\n";
-               }
+               my $clean = extract_valid_address_or_die($entry);
+               $seen{$clean} ||= 0;
+               next if $seen{$clean}++;
+               push @emails, $entry;
        }
        return @emails;
 }
 
 sub validate_patch {
-       my $fn = shift;
-       open(my $fh, '<', $fn)
-               or die "unable to open $fn: $!\n";
-       while (my $line = <$fh>) {
-               if (length($line) > 998) {
-                       return "$.: patch contains a line longer than 998 characters";
+       my ($fn, $xfer_encoding) = @_;
+
+       if ($repo) {
+               my $validate_hook = catfile(catdir($repo->repo_path(), 'hooks'),
+                                           'sendemail-validate');
+               my $hook_error;
+               if (-x $validate_hook) {
+                       my $target = abs_path($fn);
+                       # The hook needs a correct cwd and GIT_DIR.
+                       my $cwd_save = cwd();
+                       chdir($repo->wc_path() or $repo->repo_path())
+                               or die("chdir: $!");
+                       local $ENV{"GIT_DIR"} = $repo->repo_path();
+                       $hook_error = "rejected by sendemail-validate hook"
+                               if system($validate_hook, $target);
+                       chdir($cwd_save) or die("chdir: $!");
                }
+               return $hook_error if $hook_error;
+       }
+
+       # Any long lines will be automatically fixed if we use a suitable transfer
+       # encoding.
+       unless ($xfer_encoding =~ /^(?:auto|quoted-printable|base64)$/) {
+               open(my $fh, '<', $fn)
+                       or die sprintf(__("unable to open %s: %s\n"), $fn, $!);
+               while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+                       if (length($line) > 998) {
+                               return sprintf(__("%s: patch contains a line longer than 998 characters"), $.);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       return;
+}
+
+sub handle_backup {
+       my ($last, $lastlen, $file, $known_suffix) = @_;
+       my ($suffix, $skip);
+
+       $skip = 0;
+       if (defined $last &&
+           ($lastlen < length($file)) &&
+           (substr($file, 0, $lastlen) eq $last) &&
+           ($suffix = substr($file, $lastlen)) !~ /^[a-z0-9]/i) {
+               if (defined $known_suffix && $suffix eq $known_suffix) {
+                       printf(__("Skipping %s with backup suffix '%s'.\n"), $file, $known_suffix);
+                       $skip = 1;
+               } else {
+                       # TRANSLATORS: please keep "[y|N]" as is.
+                       my $answer = ask(sprintf(__("Do you really want to send %s? [y|N]: "), $file),
+                                        valid_re => qr/^(?:y|n)/i,
+                                        default => 'n');
+                       $skip = ($answer ne 'y');
+                       if ($skip) {
+                               $known_suffix = $suffix;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       return ($skip, $known_suffix);
+}
+
+sub handle_backup_files {
+       my @file = @_;
+       my ($last, $lastlen, $known_suffix, $skip, @result);
+       for my $file (@file) {
+               ($skip, $known_suffix) = handle_backup($last, $lastlen,
+                                                      $file, $known_suffix);
+               push @result, $file unless $skip;
+               $last = $file;
+               $lastlen = length($file);
        }
-       return undef;
+       return @result;
 }
 
 sub file_has_nonascii {
        my $fn = shift;
        open(my $fh, '<', $fn)
-               or die "unable to open $fn: $!\n";
+               or die sprintf(__("unable to open %s: %s\n"), $fn, $!);
        while (my $line = <$fh>) {
                return 1 if $line =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/;
        }
@@ -1443,7 +1980,7 @@ sub file_has_nonascii {
 sub body_or_subject_has_nonascii {
        my $fn = shift;
        open(my $fh, '<', $fn)
-               or die "unable to open $fn: $!\n";
+               or die sprintf(__("unable to open %s: %s\n"), $fn, $!);
        while (my $line = <$fh>) {
                last if $line =~ /^$/;
                return 1 if $line =~ /^Subject.*[^[:ascii:]]/;