[verse]
'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
[--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
- [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
+ [-p|--paginate|-P|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
[--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
+ [--super-prefix=<path>]
<command> [<args>]
DESCRIPTION
individual Git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7]
manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax.
-Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation
-can be viewed at `http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html`.
-
-ifdef::stalenotes[]
-[NOTE]
-============
-
-You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
-unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master'
-branch of the `git.git` repository.
-Documentation for older releases are available here:
-
-* link:v2.7.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.7.3]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/2.7.3.txt[2.7.3],
- link:RelNotes/2.7.2.txt[2.7.2],
- link:RelNotes/2.7.1.txt[2.7.1],
- link:RelNotes/2.7.0.txt[2.7].
-
-* link:v2.6.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.6.5]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/2.6.5.txt[2.6.5],
- link:RelNotes/2.6.4.txt[2.6.4],
- link:RelNotes/2.6.3.txt[2.6.3],
- link:RelNotes/2.6.2.txt[2.6.2],
- link:RelNotes/2.6.1.txt[2.6.1],
- link:RelNotes/2.6.0.txt[2.6].
-
-* link:v2.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.5.4]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/2.5.4.txt[2.5.4],
- link:RelNotes/2.5.3.txt[2.5.3],
- link:RelNotes/2.5.2.txt[2.5.2],
- link:RelNotes/2.5.1.txt[2.5.1],
- link:RelNotes/2.5.0.txt[2.5].
-
-* link:v2.4.10/git.html[documentation for release 2.4.10]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/2.4.10.txt[2.4.10],
- link:RelNotes/2.4.9.txt[2.4.9],
- link:RelNotes/2.4.8.txt[2.4.8],
- link:RelNotes/2.4.7.txt[2.4.7],
- link:RelNotes/2.4.6.txt[2.4.6],
- link:RelNotes/2.4.5.txt[2.4.5],
- link:RelNotes/2.4.4.txt[2.4.4],
- link:RelNotes/2.4.3.txt[2.4.3],
- link:RelNotes/2.4.2.txt[2.4.2],
- link:RelNotes/2.4.1.txt[2.4.1],
- link:RelNotes/2.4.0.txt[2.4].
-
-* link:v2.3.10/git.html[documentation for release 2.3.10]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/2.3.10.txt[2.3.10],
- link:RelNotes/2.3.9.txt[2.3.9],
- link:RelNotes/2.3.8.txt[2.3.8],
- link:RelNotes/2.3.7.txt[2.3.7],
- link:RelNotes/2.3.6.txt[2.3.6],
- link:RelNotes/2.3.5.txt[2.3.5],
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- link:RelNotes/2.3.3.txt[2.3.3],
- link:RelNotes/2.3.2.txt[2.3.2],
- link:RelNotes/2.3.1.txt[2.3.1],
- link:RelNotes/2.3.0.txt[2.3].
-
-* link:v2.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.2.3]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/2.2.3.txt[2.2.3],
- link:RelNotes/2.2.2.txt[2.2.2],
- link:RelNotes/2.2.1.txt[2.2.1],
- link:RelNotes/2.2.0.txt[2.2].
-
-* link:v2.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.1.4]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/2.1.4.txt[2.1.4],
- link:RelNotes/2.1.3.txt[2.1.3],
- link:RelNotes/2.1.2.txt[2.1.2],
- link:RelNotes/2.1.1.txt[2.1.1],
- link:RelNotes/2.1.0.txt[2.1].
-
-* link:v2.0.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.0.5]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/2.0.5.txt[2.0.5],
- link:RelNotes/2.0.4.txt[2.0.4],
- link:RelNotes/2.0.3.txt[2.0.3],
- link:RelNotes/2.0.2.txt[2.0.2],
- link:RelNotes/2.0.1.txt[2.0.1],
- link:RelNotes/2.0.0.txt[2.0.0].
-
-* link:v1.9.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.5]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.9.5.txt[1.9.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.9.4.txt[1.9.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.9.3.txt[1.9.3],
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- link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0].
-
-* link:v1.8.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.6]
-
-* release notes for
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- link:RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt[1.8.5.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3],
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- link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5].
-
-* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4].
-
-* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3].
-
-* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2].
-
-* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4],
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- link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1].
-
-* link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt[1.8.0.3],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt[1.8.0.2],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt[1.8.0.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0].
-
-* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.12.txt[1.7.12].
-
-* link:v1.7.11.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.7]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt[1.7.11.7],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11].
-
-* link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt[1.7.10.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt[1.7.10.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt[1.7.10.3],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10].
-
-* link:v1.7.9.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.7]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt[1.7.9.7],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt[1.7.9.6],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt[1.7.9.5],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9].
-
-* link:v1.7.8.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.6]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt[1.7.8.6],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt[1.7.8.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
-
-* link:v1.7.7.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.7]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt[1.7.7.7],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7].
-
-* link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6]
-
-* release notes for
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6].
-
-* link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5].
-
-* link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4].
-
-* link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
-
-* link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
-
-* link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
-
-* link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
- link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
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- link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
-
-* link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
- link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
- link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
-
-* link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
- link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
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- link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
-
-* link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
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- link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
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- link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
-
-* link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
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- link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
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-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
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-
-* link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
-
-* release notes for
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- link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
-
-* link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
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-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
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-* link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
-
-* release notes for
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-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
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- link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
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-
-* release notes for
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- link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
-
-* link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
-
-* link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
-
-* release notes for
- link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
- link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
-
-* documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
- link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
- link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
- link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
-
-============
-
-endif::stalenotes[]
+A formatted and hyperlinked copy of the latest Git documentation
+can be viewed at https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html
+or https://git-scm.com/docs.
+
OPTIONS
-------
--help::
Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
- commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
+ commands. If the option `--all` or `-a` is given then all
available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
option will bring up the manual page for that command.
+
Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working
directory. When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent
non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C
- <path>`.
+ <path>`. If '<path>' is present but empty, e.g. `-C ""`, then the
+ current working directory is left unchanged.
+
This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and
`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be
Note that omitting the `=` in `git -c foo.bar ...` is allowed and sets
`foo.bar` to the boolean true value (just like `[foo]bar` would in a
config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like `git -c
-foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string.
+foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string which `git config
+--type=bool` will convert to `false`.
--exec-path[=<path>]::
Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
below).
+-P::
--no-pager::
Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
--git-dir=<path>::
Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
- setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
+ setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be an absolute
path or relative path to current working directory.
--work-tree=<path>::
details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
variable.
+--super-prefix=<path>::
+ Currently for internal use only. Set a prefix which gives a path from
+ above a repository down to its root. One use is to give submodules
+ context about the superproject that invoked it.
+
--bare::
Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
environment is not set, it is set to the current working
Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`.
+--no-optional-locks::
+ Do not perform optional operations that require locks. This is
+ equivalent to setting the `GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS` to `0`.
+
+--list-cmds=group[,group...]::
+ List commands by group. This is an internal/experimental
+ option and may change or be removed in the future. Supported
+ groups are: builtins, parseopt (builtin commands that use
+ parse-options), main (all commands in libexec directory),
+ others (all other commands in `$PATH` that have git- prefix),
+ list-<category> (see categories in command-list.txt),
+ nohelpers (exclude helper commands), alias and config
+ (retrieve command list from config variable completion.commands)
+
GIT COMMANDS
------------
include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
+Reset, restore and revert
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+There are three commands with similar names: `git reset`,
+`git restore` and `git revert`.
+
+* linkgit:git-revert[1] is about making a new commit that reverts the
+ changes made by other commits.
+
+* linkgit:git-restore[1] is about restoring files in the working tree
+ from either the index or another commit. This command does not
+ update your branch. The command can also be used to restore files in
+ the index from another commit.
+
+* linkgit:git-reset[1] is about updating your branch, moving the tip
+ in order to add or remove commits from the branch. This operation
+ changes the commit history.
++
+`git reset` can also be used to restore the index, overlapping with
+`git restore`.
+
Low-level commands (plumbing)
-----------------------------
the working tree.
-Synching repositories
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Syncing repositories
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
Git so take care if using a foreign front-end.
-'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
+`GIT_INDEX_FILE`::
This environment allows the specification of an alternate
index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
is used.
-'GIT_INDEX_VERSION'::
+`GIT_INDEX_VERSION`::
This environment variable allows the specification of an index
version for new repositories. It won't affect existing index
files. By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See
linkgit:git-update-index[1] for more information.
-'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
+`GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY`::
If the object storage directory is specified via this
environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
directory is used.
-'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
+`GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES`::
Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
-
-'GIT_DIR'::
- If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
++
+Entries that begin with `"` (double-quote) will be interpreted
+as C-style quoted paths, removing leading and trailing
+double-quotes and respecting backslash escapes. E.g., the value
+`"path-with-\"-and-:-in-it":vanilla-path` has two paths:
+`path-with-"-and-:-in-it` and `vanilla-path`.
+
+`GIT_DIR`::
+ If the `GIT_DIR` environment variable is set then it
specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
for the base of the repository.
- The '--git-dir' command-line option also sets this value.
+ The `--git-dir` command-line option also sets this value.
-'GIT_WORK_TREE'::
+`GIT_WORK_TREE`::
Set the path to the root of the working tree.
- This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command-line
+ This can also be controlled by the `--work-tree` command-line
option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
-'GIT_NAMESPACE'::
+`GIT_NAMESPACE`::
Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
- The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
+ The `--namespace` command-line option also sets this value.
-'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
+`GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`::
This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. If
set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved;
e.g.,
- 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink'.
+ `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink`.
-'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
+`GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM`::
When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
- boundaries. Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
- an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
+ boundaries. Like `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`, this will not affect
+ an explicit repository directory set via `GIT_DIR` or on the
command line.
-'GIT_COMMON_DIR'::
+`GIT_COMMON_DIR`::
If this variable is set to a path, non-worktree files that are
normally in $GIT_DIR will be taken from this path
instead. Worktree-specific files such as HEAD or index are
Git Commits
~~~~~~~~~~~
-'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
-'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
-'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
-'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
-'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
-'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
-'EMAIL'::
- see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
+`GIT_AUTHOR_NAME`::
+ The human-readable name used in the author identity when creating commit or
+ tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the `user.name` and
+ `author.name` configuration settings.
+
+`GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`::
+ The email address used in the author identity when creating commit or
+ tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the `user.email` and
+ `author.email` configuration settings.
+
+`GIT_AUTHOR_DATE`::
+ The date used for the author identity when creating commit or tag objects, or
+ when writing reflogs. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for valid formats.
+
+`GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`::
+ The human-readable name used in the committer identity when creating commit or
+ tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the `user.name` and
+ `committer.name` configuration settings.
+
+`GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`::
+ The email address used in the author identity when creating commit or
+ tag objects, or when writing reflogs. Overrides the `user.email` and
+ `committer.email` configuration settings.
+
+`GIT_COMMITTER_DATE`::
+ The date used for the committer identity when creating commit or tag objects, or
+ when writing reflogs. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for valid formats.
+
+`EMAIL`::
+ The email address used in the author and committer identities if no other
+ relevant environment variable or configuration setting has been set.
Git Diffs
~~~~~~~~~
-'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
+`GIT_DIFF_OPTS`::
Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
value passed on the Git diff command line.
-'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
- When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
+`GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF`::
+ When the environment variable `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is set, the
program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
- 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
+ `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 7 parameters:
path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
+
The file parameters can point at the user's working file
(e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
-index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
-temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
+index). `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` should not worry about unlinking the
+temporary file --- it is removed when `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` exits.
+
-For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
+For a path that is unmerged, `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 1
parameter, <path>.
+
-For each path 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called, two environment variables,
-'GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER' and 'GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL' are set.
+For each path `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called, two environment variables,
+`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER` and `GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL` are set.
-'GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER'::
+`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER`::
A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path.
-'GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL'::
+`GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL`::
The total number of paths.
other
~~~~~
-'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
+`GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY`::
A number controlling the amount of output shown by
the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
See linkgit:git-merge[1]
-'GIT_PAGER'::
+`GIT_PAGER`::
This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
linkgit:git-config[1].
-'GIT_EDITOR'::
+`GIT_PROGRESS_DELAY`::
+ A number controlling how many seconds to delay before showing
+ optional progress indicators. Defaults to 2.
+
+`GIT_EDITOR`::
This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
-'GIT_SSH'::
-'GIT_SSH_COMMAND'::
+`GIT_SSH`::
+`GIT_SSH_COMMAND`::
If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch'
and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh'
when they need to connect to a remote system.
- The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the
- 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell
- command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by
- '-p' (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies
- something other than the default SSH port.
+ The command-line parameters passed to the configured command are
+ determined by the ssh variant. See `ssh.variant` option in
+ linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
+
`$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted
by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.
personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
for further details.
-'GIT_ASKPASS'::
+`GIT_SSH_VARIANT`::
+ If this environment variable is set, it overrides Git's autodetection
+ whether `GIT_SSH`/`GIT_SSH_COMMAND`/`core.sshCommand` refer to OpenSSH,
+ plink or tortoiseplink. This variable overrides the config setting
+ `ssh.variant` that serves the same purpose.
+
+`GIT_ASKPASS`::
If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument
- and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askPass'
+ and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the `core.askPass`
option in linkgit:git-config[1].
-'GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT'::
+`GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT`::
If this environment variable is set to `0`, git will not prompt
on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).
-'GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM'::
+`GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`::
Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file. This environment variable can
be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
-'GIT_FLUSH'::
+`GIT_FLUSH`::
If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will
not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
-'GIT_TRACE'::
+`GIT_TRACE`::
Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in
command execution and external command execution.
+
+
Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
-as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
-into it.
+as a file path and will try to append the trace messages
+to it.
+
Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
"false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.
-'GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS'::
+`GIT_TRACE_FSMONITOR`::
+ Enables trace messages for the filesystem monitor extension.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS`::
Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each
access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
pack-related performance problems.
- See 'GIT_TRACE' for available trace output options.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
-'GIT_TRACE_PACKET'::
+`GIT_TRACE_PACKET`::
Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a
given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation
or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet
- starting with "PACK" (but see 'GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE' below).
- See 'GIT_TRACE' for available trace output options.
+ starting with "PACK" (but see `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE` below).
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
-'GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE'::
+`GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE`::
Enables tracing of packfiles sent or received by a
given program. Unlike other trace output, this trace is
verbatim: no headers, and no quoting of binary data. You almost
Note that this is currently only implemented for the client side
of clones and fetches.
-'GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE'::
+`GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`::
Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution
time of each Git command.
- See 'GIT_TRACE' for available trace output options.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
-'GIT_TRACE_SETUP'::
+`GIT_TRACE_SETUP`::
Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current
working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.
- See 'GIT_TRACE' for available trace output options.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
-'GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW'::
+`GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW`::
Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching /
cloning of shallow repositories.
- See 'GIT_TRACE' for available trace output options.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
+
+`GIT_TRACE_CURL`::
+ Enables a curl full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data,
+ including descriptive information, of the git transport protocol.
+ This is similar to doing curl `--trace-ascii` on the command line.
+ This option overrides setting the `GIT_CURL_VERBOSE` environment
+ variable.
+ See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
-'GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS'::
+`GIT_TRACE_CURL_NO_DATA`::
+ When a curl trace is enabled (see `GIT_TRACE_CURL` above), do not dump
+ data (that is, only dump info lines and headers).
+
+`GIT_TRACE2`::
+ Enables more detailed trace messages from the "trace2" library.
+ Output from `GIT_TRACE2` is a simple text-based format for human
+ readability.
++
+If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
+is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to
+stderr.
++
+If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2
+and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
+value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
+trace messages into this file descriptor.
++
+Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
+(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
+as a file path and will try to append the trace messages
+to it. If the path already exists and is a directory, the
+trace messages will be written to files (one per process)
+in that directory, named according to the last component
+of the SID and an optional counter (to avoid filename
+collisions).
++
+In addition, if the variable is set to
+`af_unix:[<socket_type>:]<absolute-pathname>`, Git will try
+to open the path as a Unix Domain Socket. The socket type
+can be either `stream` or `dgram`.
++
+Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
+"false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.
++
+See link:technical/api-trace2.html[Trace2 documentation]
+for full details.
+
+
+`GIT_TRACE2_EVENT`::
+ This setting writes a JSON-based format that is suited for machine
+ interpretation.
+ See `GIT_TRACE2` for available trace output options and
+ link:technical/api-trace2.html[Trace2 documentation] for full details.
+
+`GIT_TRACE2_PERF`::
+ In addition to the text-based messages available in `GIT_TRACE2`, this
+ setting writes a column-based format for understanding nesting
+ regions.
+ See `GIT_TRACE2` for available trace output options and
+ link:technical/api-trace2.html[Trace2 documentation] for full details.
+
+`GIT_REDACT_COOKIES`::
+ This can be set to a comma-separated list of strings. When a curl trace
+ is enabled (see `GIT_TRACE_CURL` above), whenever a "Cookies:" header
+ sent by the client is dumped, values of cookies whose key is in that
+ list (case-sensitive) are redacted.
+
+`GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS`::
Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search
literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
`git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).
-'GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS'::
+`GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS`::
Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
-'GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS'::
+`GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS`::
Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
-'GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS'::
+`GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS`::
Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
pathspecs as case-insensitive.
-'GIT_REFLOG_ACTION'::
+`GIT_REFLOG_ACTION`::
When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep
track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is
typically the name of the high-level command that updated
variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the
end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.
-'GIT_REF_PARANOIA'::
+`GIT_REF_PARANOIA`::
If set to `1`, include broken or badly named refs when iterating
over lists of refs. In a normal, non-corrupted repository, this
does nothing. However, enabling it may help git to detect and
an operation has touched every ref (e.g., because you are
cloning a repository to make a backup).
-'GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL'::
- If set, provide a colon-separated list of protocols which are
- allowed to be used with fetch/push/clone. This is useful to
- restrict recursive submodule initialization from an untrusted
- repository. Any protocol not mentioned will be disallowed (i.e.,
- this is a whitelist, not a blacklist). If the variable is not
- set at all, all protocols are enabled. The protocol names
- currently used by git are:
-
- - `file`: any local file-based path (including `file://` URLs,
- or local paths)
-
- - `git`: the anonymous git protocol over a direct TCP
- connection (or proxy, if configured)
-
- - `ssh`: git over ssh (including `host:path` syntax,
- `git+ssh://`, etc).
-
- - `rsync`: git over rsync
-
- - `http`: git over http, both "smart http" and "dumb http".
- Note that this does _not_ include `https`; if you want both,
- you should specify both as `http:https`.
-
- - any external helpers are named by their protocol (e.g., use
- `hg` to allow the `git-remote-hg` helper)
-
+`GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL`::
+ If set to a colon-separated list of protocols, behave as if
+ `protocol.allow` is set to `never`, and each of the listed
+ protocols has `protocol.<name>.allow` set to `always`
+ (overriding any existing configuration). In other words, any
+ protocol not mentioned will be disallowed (i.e., this is a
+ whitelist, not a blacklist). See the description of
+ `protocol.allow` in linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.
+
+`GIT_PROTOCOL_FROM_USER`::
+ Set to 0 to prevent protocols used by fetch/push/clone which are
+ configured to the `user` state. This is useful to restrict recursive
+ submodule initialization from an untrusted repository or for programs
+ which feed potentially-untrusted URLS to git commands. See
+ linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.
+
+`GIT_PROTOCOL`::
+ For internal use only. Used in handshaking the wire protocol.
+ Contains a colon ':' separated list of keys with optional values
+ 'key[=value]'. Presence of unknown keys and values must be
+ ignored.
+
+`GIT_OPTIONAL_LOCKS`::
+ If set to `0`, Git will complete any requested operation without
+ performing any optional sub-operations that require taking a lock.
+ For example, this will prevent `git status` from refreshing the
+ index as a side effect. This is useful for processes running in
+ the background which do not want to cause lock contention with
+ other operations on the repository. Defaults to `1`.
+
+`GIT_REDIRECT_STDIN`::
+`GIT_REDIRECT_STDOUT`::
+`GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR`::
+ Windows-only: allow redirecting the standard input/output/error
+ handles to paths specified by the environment variables. This is
+ particularly useful in multi-threaded applications where the
+ canonical way to pass standard handles via `CreateProcess()` is
+ not an option because it would require the handles to be marked
+ inheritable (and consequently *every* spawned process would
+ inherit them, possibly blocking regular Git operations). The
+ primary intended use case is to use named pipes for communication
+ (e.g. `\\.\pipe\my-git-stdin-123`).
++
+Two special values are supported: `off` will simply close the
+corresponding standard handle, and if `GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR` is
+`2>&1`, standard error will be redirected to the same handle as
+standard output.
+
+`GIT_PRINT_SHA1_ELLIPSIS` (deprecated)::
+ If set to `yes`, print an ellipsis following an
+ (abbreviated) SHA-1 value. This affects indications of
+ detached HEADs (linkgit:git-checkout[1]) and the raw
+ diff output (linkgit:git-diff[1]). Printing an
+ ellipsis in the cases mentioned is no longer considered
+ adequate and support for it is likely to be removed in the
+ foreseeable future (along with the variable).
Discussion[[Discussion]]
------------------------
Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
-subscribed to the list to send a message there.
+subscribed to the list to send a message there. See the list archive
+at https://lore.kernel.org/git for previous bug reports and other
+discussions.
+
+Issues which are security relevant should be disclosed privately to
+the Git Security mailing list <git-security@googlegroups.com>.
SEE ALSO
--------
projects / platform / upstream / git.git / blobdiff