4 Both elements and pads can be in different states. The states of the pads are
5 linked to the state of the element so the design of the states is mainly
6 focused around the element states.
8 An element can be in 4 states. NULL, READY, PAUSED and PLAYING. When an element
9 is initially instantiated, it is in the NULL state.
15 - NULL: This is the initial state of an element.
16 - READY: The element should be prepared to go to PAUSED.
17 - PAUSED: The element should be ready to accept and process data. Sink
18 elements however only accept one buffer and then block.
19 - PLAYING: The same as PAUSED except for sinks, who are now accepting
22 We call the sequence NULL->PLAYING an upwards state change and PLAYING->NULL
23 a downwards state change.
29 the following state changes are possible:
32 - The element must check if the resources it needs are available.
33 Device sinks and -sources typically try to probe the device to constain
37 - The element opens the device and prepares itself for PLAYING.
38 - the element pads are activated in order to receive data in PAUSED.
39 Streaming threads are started.
40 - some elements might need to return ASYNC and complete the state change
41 when they have enough information. It is a requirement for sinks to
42 return ASYNC and complete the state change when they receive the first
43 buffer or EOS event (prerol). Sinks also block the dataflow when in PAUSED.
44 - a pipeline resets the stream time to 0.
45 - live sources return NO_PREROLL and don't generate data.
48 - most elements ignore this state change.
49 - The pipeline selects a clock and distributes this to all the children
50 before setting them to PLAYING. This means that it is only alowed to
51 synchronize on the clock in the PLAYING state.
52 - The pipeline uses the clock and the stream time to calculate the base time.
53 The base time is distributed to all children when performing the state
55 - sink elements stop blocking on the preroll buffer or event and start
57 - sinks can post the EOS message in the PLAYING state. It is not allowed to
58 post EOS when not in the PLAYING state.
59 - while streaming in PAUSED or PLAYING elements can create and remove
61 - live sources start generating data and return SUCCESS.
64 - most elements ignore this state change.
65 - The pipeline calculates the stream time based on the last selected clock
66 and the base time. It stores this information to continue playback when
67 going back to the PLAYING state.
68 - sinks unblock any clock wait calls.
69 - when a sink did not have a pending buffer to play, it returns ASYNC from
70 this state change and complete the state change when they receive a new buffer
72 - any queued EOS messages are removed since they will be reposted when going
73 back to the PLAYING state. The EOS messages are queued in GstBins.
74 - live sources stop generating data and return NO_PREROLL.
77 - sinks unblock any waits in the preroll.
78 - elements unblock any waits on devices
79 - chain or get_range functions return WRONG_STATE.
80 - the element pads are deactivated so that streaming becomes impossible and
81 all streaming threads are stopped.
84 - element removes any dynamically created pads
90 An element has 4 state variables that are protected with the object LOCK:
97 The STATE always reflects the current state of the element.
98 The STATE_NEXT reflects the next state the element will go to.
99 The STATE_PENDING always reflects the required state of the element.
100 The STATE_RETURN reflects the last return value of a state change.
102 The STATE_NEXT and STATE_PENDING can be VOID_PENDING if the element is in
105 An element has a special lock to protect against concurrent invocations of
106 _set_state(), called the STATE_LOCK.
109 Setting state on elements
110 -------------------------
112 The state of an element can be changed with _element_set_state(). When chaning
113 the state of an element all intermediate states will also be set on the element
114 until the final desired state is set.
116 The _set_state() function can return 3 possible values:
118 GST_STATE_FAILURE: The state change failed for some reason. The plugin should
119 have posted an error message on the bus with information.
121 GST_STATE_SUCCESS: The state change is completed successfully.
123 GST_STATE_ASYNC: The state change will complete later on. This can happen
124 When the element needs a long time to perform the state
125 change or for sinks that need to receive the first buffer
126 before they can complete the state change (preroll).
128 GST_STATE_NO_PREROLL: The state change is completed successfully but the element
129 will not be able to produce data in the PAUSED state.
131 In the case of an ASYNC state change, it is possible to proceed to the next
132 state before the current state change completed, however, the element will only
133 get to this next state before completing the previous ASYNC state change.
134 After receiving an ASYNC return value, you can use _element_get_state() to poll
135 the status of the element. If the polling returns SUCCESS, the element completed
136 the state change to the last requested state with _set_state().
138 When setting the state of an element, the STATE_PENDING is set to the required
139 state. Then the state change function of the element is called and the result of
140 that function is used to update the STATE and STATE_RETURN fields, STATE_NEXT,
141 STATE_PENDING and STATE_RETURN fields. If the function returned ASYNC, this result
142 is immediatly returned to the caller.
145 Getting state of elements
146 -------------------------
148 The _get_state() function takes 3 arguments, two pointers that will hold the
149 current and pending state and one GstClockTime that holds a timeout value. The
150 function returns a GstElementStateReturn.
152 - If the element returned SUCCESS to the previous _set_state() function, this
153 function will return the last state set on the element and VOID_PENDING in
154 the pending state value. The function returns GST_STATE_SUCCESS.
156 - If the element returned NO_PREROLL to the previous _set_state() function, this
157 function will return the last state set on the element and VOID_PENDING in
158 the pending state value. The function returns GST_STATE_NO_PREROLL.
160 - If the element returned FAILURE to the previous _set_state() call, this
161 funciton will return FAILURE with the state set to the current state of
162 the element and the pending state set to the value used in the last call
165 - If the element returned ASYNC to the previous _set_state() call, this function
166 will wait for the element to complete its state change up to the amount of time
167 specified in the GstClockTime.
169 * If the element does not complete the state change in the specified amount of
170 time, this function will return ASYNC with the state set to the current state
171 and the pending state set to the pending state.
173 * If the element completes the state change within the specified timeout, this
174 function returns the updated state and VOID_PENDING as the pending state.
176 * If the element aborts the ASYNC state change due to an error within the
177 specified timeout, this function returns FAILURE with the state set to last
178 successfull state and pending set to the last attempt. The element should
179 also post an error message on the bus with more information about the problem.
185 A GstBin manages the state of its children. It does this by propagating the state
186 changes performed on it to all of its children. The _set_state() function on a
187 bin will call the _set_state() function on all of its children.
189 The children are iterated from the sink elements to the source elements. This makes
190 sure that when changing the state of an element, the downstream elements are in
191 the correct state to process the eventual buffers. In the case of a downwards
192 state change, the sink elements will shut down first which makes the upstream
193 elements shut down as well since the _push() function returns a GST_FLOW_WRONG_STATE
196 If all the children return SUCCESS, the function returns SUCCESS as well.
198 If one of the children returns FAILURE, the function returns FAILURE as well. In
199 this state it is possible that some elements successfuly changed state. The
200 application can check which elements have a changed state, which were in error
201 and which were not affected by iterating the elements and calling _get_state()
204 If after calling the state function on all children, one of the children returned
205 ASYNC, the function returns ASYNC as well.
207 If after calling the state function on all children, one of the children returned
208 NO_PREROLL, the function returns NO_PREROLL as well.
210 If both NO_PREROLL and ASYNC children are present, NO_PREROLL is returned.
212 The current state of the bin can be retrieved with _get_state().
214 If the bin is performing an ASYNC state change, it will automatically update its
215 current state fields when it receives state messages from the children.
218 Implementing states in elements
219 -------------------------------
229 Upward state changes always return ASYNC either if the STATE_PENDING is
239 - element commits state ASYNC
242 - update STATE_PENDING state
244 - no change_state called on element
248 A->B: all elements SUCCESS
251 A->B: some elements ASYNC
253 - listen for commit messages on bus
254 - for each commit message, poll elements, this happens in another
256 - if no ASYNC elements, commit state, continue state change
259 downward state change
260 ----------------------
262 Downward state changes only return ASYNC if the final state is ASYNC.
263 This is to make sure that it's not needed to wait for an element to
264 complete the preroll or other ASYNC state changes when one only wants to
265 shut down an element.
272 A -> B => ASYNC not final state
273 - commit state on behalf of element
275 A -> B => ASYNC final state
276 - element will commit ASYNC
283 A -> B -> ASYNC not final state
284 - commit state on behalf of element, continue state change
286 A -> B => ASYNC final state
288 - listen for commit messages on bus
289 - for each commit message, poll elements
290 - if no ASYNC elements, commit state
293 Locking overview (element)
294 --------------------------
296 * Element commiting SUCCESS
298 - STATE_LOCK is taken in set_state
299 - change state is called if SUCCESS, commit state is called
300 - commit state calls change_state to next state change.
301 - if final state is reached, stack unwinds and result is returned to
302 set_state and caller.
305 set_state(element) change_state (element) commit_state
311 |------------------------>| |
314 | | (do state change) |
318 | |---------------------->|
321 | |<----------------------| if (!final) change_state (next)
326 |<------------------------| |
335 * Element commiting ASYNC
337 - STATE_LOCK is taken in set_state
338 - change state is called and returns ASYNC
339 - ASYNC returned to the caller.
340 - element takes LOCK in streaming thread.
341 - element calls commit_state in streaming thread.
342 - commit state calls change_state to next state change.
345 set_state(element) change_state (element) stream_thread commit_state (element)
351 |------------------------>| | |
358 |<------------------------| | |
359 | ASYNC STREAM_UNLOCK |
361 | .....sync........ STATE_LOCK |
362 ASYNC |----------------->|
364 | |---> post_message()
365 | |---> if (!final) change_state (next)
374 *********************************************
375 *********************************************
377 set_state cannot be called from multiple threads at the same time. The STATE_LOCK
380 state variables are protected with the LOCK.
382 calling set_state while gst_state is called should unlock the get_state with
383 an error. The cookie will do that.
391 update current, next, pending state