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Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
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<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.2, 28 December 2010).
+the Bash shell (version 4.3, 2 February 2014).
+The Bash home page is <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</A>.
</P><P>
-This is Edition 4.2, last updated 28 December 2010,
+This is Edition 4.3, last updated 2 February 2014,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
-for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.2.
+for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.3.
</P><P>
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (<TT>`sh'</TT>), the Korn Shell
(<TT>`ksh'</TT>), and the C-shell (<TT>`csh'</TT> and its successor,
-<TT>`tcsh'</TT>). The following menu breaks the features up into
-categories based upon which one of these other shells inspired the
-feature.
+<TT>`tcsh'</TT>). The following menu breaks the features up into
+categories, noting which features were inspired by other shells and
+which are specific to Bash.
</P><P>
This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in
to use it.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line
editing features.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
between Bash and historical
versions of /bin/sh.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
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</TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="Introduction"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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<H2> 1.1 What is Bash? </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.2 What is a shell? </H2>
commands (<EM>builtins</EM>) implementing functionality impossible
or inconvenient to obtain via separate utilities.
For example, <CODE>cd</CODE>, <CODE>break</CODE>, <CODE>continue</CODE>, and
-<CODE>exec</CODE>) cannot be implemented outside of the shell because
+<CODE>exec</CODE> cannot be implemented outside of the shell because
they directly manipulate the shell itself.
The <CODE>history</CODE>, <CODE>getopts</CODE>, <CODE>kill</CODE>, or <CODE>pwd</CODE>
builtins, among others, could be implemented in separate utilities,
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 2. Definitions </H1>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 3. Basic Shell Features </H1>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.1 Shell Syntax </H2>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.1 Shell Operation </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.2 Quoting </H3>
has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
represent itself.
When the command history expansion facilities are being used
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, usually <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, must be quoted
-to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
+to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
more details concerning history expansion.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.1 Escape Character </H4>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.2 Single Quotes </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.3 Double Quotes </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.3 Comments </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.2 Shell Commands </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.1 Simple Commands </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.2 Pipelines </H3>
<A NAME="IDX25"></A>
<A NAME="IDX26"></A>
The format for a pipeline is
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<CODE>time</CODE> [<CODE>-p</CODE>]] [<CODE>!</CODE>] <VAR>command1</VAR> [ [<CODE>|</CODE> or <CODE>|&</CODE>] <VAR>command2</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[time [-p]] [!] <VAR>command1</VAR> [ | or |& <VAR>command2</VAR> ] <small>...</small>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe
command.
</P><P>
-If <SAMP>`|&'</SAMP> is used, the standard error of <VAR>command1</VAR> is connected to
-<VAR>command2</VAR>'s standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for
-<CODE>2>&1 |</CODE>. This implicit redirection of the standard error is
+If <SAMP>`|&'</SAMP> is used, <VAR>command1</VAR>'s standard error, in addition to
+its standard output, is connected to
+<VAR>command2</VAR>'s standard input through the pipe;
+it is shorthand for <CODE>2>&1 |</CODE>.
+This implicit redirection of the standard error to the standard output is
performed after any redirections specified by the command.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.3 Lists of Commands </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.4 Compound Commands </H3>
apply to all commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden.
</P><P>
+In most cases a list of commands in a compound command's description may be
+separated from the rest of the command by one or more newlines, and may be
+followed by a newline in place of a semicolon.
+</P><P>
+
Bash provides looping constructs, conditional commands, and mechanisms
to group commands and execute them as a unit.
</P><P>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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<H4> 3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs </H4>
<A NAME="IDX28"></A>
<A NAME="IDX29"></A>
The syntax of the <CODE>until</CODE> command is:
+<P>
+
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>until <VAR>test-commands</VAR>; do <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>; done
-</pre></td></tr></table>Execute <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR> as long as
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Execute <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR> as long as
<VAR>test-commands</VAR> has an exit status which is not zero.
The return status is the exit status of the last command executed
in <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>, or zero if none was executed.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>while</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX30"></A>
The syntax of the <CODE>while</CODE> command is:
+<P>
+
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>while <VAR>test-commands</VAR>; do <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>; done
-</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
Execute <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR> as long as
<VAR>test-commands</VAR> has an exit status of zero.
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for <VAR>name</VAR> [ [in [<VAR>words</VAR> <small>...</small>] ] ; ] do <VAR>commands</VAR>; done
-</pre></td></tr></table>Expand <VAR>words</VAR>, and execute <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each member
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Expand <VAR>words</VAR>, and execute <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each member
in the resultant list, with <VAR>name</VAR> bound to the current member.
If <SAMP>`in <VAR>words</VAR>'</SAMP> is not present, the <CODE>for</CODE> command
executes the <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each positional parameter that is
</P><P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for (( <VAR>expr1</VAR> ; <VAR>expr2</VAR> ; <VAR>expr3</VAR> )) ; do <VAR>commands</VAR> ; done
-</pre></td></tr></table>First, the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr1</VAR> is evaluated according
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+First, the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr1</VAR> is evaluated according
to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
The arithmetic expression <VAR>expr2</VAR> is then evaluated repeatedly
until it evaluates to zero.
If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
The return value is the exit status of the last command in <VAR>commands</VAR>
that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
-</P><P>
-
</DL>
<P>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs </H4>
The syntax of the <CODE>case</CODE> command is:
<P>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>case <VAR>word</VAR> in [ [(] <VAR>pattern</VAR> [| <VAR>pattern</VAR>]<small>...</small>) <VAR>command-list</VAR> ;;]<small>...</small> esac</CODE>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>case <VAR>word</VAR> in [ [(] <VAR>pattern</VAR> [| <VAR>pattern</VAR>]<small>...</small>) <VAR>command-list</VAR> ;;]<small>...</small> esac
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<CODE>case</CODE> will selectively execute the <VAR>command-list</VAR> corresponding to
by a <SAMP>`;;'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`;&'</SAMP>, or <SAMP>`;;&'</SAMP>.
The first pattern that matches determines the
command-list that is executed.
+It's a common idiom to use <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> as the final pattern to define the
+default case, since that pattern will always match.
</P><P>
Here is an example using <CODE>case</CODE> in a script that could be used to
Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words
-between the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]]'</SAMP>; tilde expansion, parameter and
+between the <CODE>[[</CODE> and <CODE>]]</CODE>; tilde expansion, parameter and
variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
substitution, and quote removal are performed.
Conditional operators such as <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> must be unquoted to be recognized
as primaries.
</P><P>
-When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort
+When used with <CODE>[[</CODE>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort
lexicographically using the current locale.
</P><P>
When the <SAMP>`=='</SAMP> and <SAMP>`!='</SAMP> operators are used, the string to the
right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
-to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
+to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>,
+as if the <CODE>extglob</CODE> shell option were enabled.
+The <SAMP>`='</SAMP> operator is identical to <SAMP>`=='</SAMP>.
If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
The return value is 0 if the string matches (<SAMP>`=='</SAMP>) or does not
match (<SAMP>`!='</SAMP>)the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
-Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
-string.
+Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
+to be matched as a string.
</P><P>
An additional binary operator, <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP>, is available, with the same
(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
-Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
-string.
+Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
+to be matched as a string.
+Bracket expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully,
+since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brackets.
+If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable
+expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string.
Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
expression are saved in the array variable <CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE>.
The element of <CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE> with index 0 is the portion of the string
string matching the <VAR>n</VAR>th parenthesized subexpression.
</P><P>
+For example, the following will match a line
+(stored in the shell variable <VAR>line</VAR>)
+if there is a sequence of characters in the value consisting of
+any number, including zero, of
+space characters, zero or one instances of <SAMP>`a'</SAMP>, then a <SAMP>`b'</SAMP>:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*(a)?b ]]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+That means values like <SAMP>`aab'</SAMP> and <SAMP>` aaaaaab'</SAMP> will match, as
+will a line containing a <SAMP>`b'</SAMP> anywhere in its value.
+</P><P>
+
+Storing the regular expression in a shell variable is often a useful
+way to avoid problems with quoting characters that are special to the
+shell.
+It is sometimes difficult to specify a regular expression literally
+without using quotes, or to keep track of the quoting used by regular
+expressions while paying attention to the shell's quote removal.
+Using a shell variable to store the pattern decreases these problems.
+For example, the following is equivalent to the above:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pattern='[[:space:]]*(a)?b'
+[[ $line =~ $pattern ]]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+If you want to match a character that's special to the regular expression
+grammar, it has to be quoted to remove its special meaning.
+This means that in the pattern <SAMP>`xxx.txt'</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> matches any
+character in the string (its usual regular expression meaning), but in the
+pattern <SAMP>`"xxx.txt"'</SAMP> it can only match a literal <SAMP>`.'</SAMP>.
+Shell programmers should take special care with backslashes, since backslashes
+are used both by the shell and regular expressions to remove the special
+meaning from the following character.
+The following two sets of commands are <EM>not</EM> equivalent:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pattern='\.'
+
+[[ . =~ $pattern ]]
+[[ . =~ \. ]]
+
+[[ . =~ "$pattern" ]]
+[[ . =~ '\.' ]]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+The first two matches will succeed, but the second two will not, because
+in the second two the backslash will be part of the pattern to be matched.
+In the first two examples, the backslash removes the special meaning from
+<SAMP>`.'</SAMP>, so the literal <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> matches.
+If the string in the first examples were anything other than <SAMP>`.'</SAMP>, say
+<SAMP>`a'</SAMP>, the pattern would not match, because the quoted <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> in the
+pattern loses its special meaning of matching any single character.
+</P><P>
+
Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
in decreasing order of precedence:
</P><P>
<DT><CODE><VAR>expression1</VAR> || <VAR>expression2</VAR></CODE>
<DD>True if either <VAR>expression1</VAR> or <VAR>expression2</VAR> is true.
</DL>
+<P>
+
The <CODE>&&</CODE> and <CODE>||</CODE> operators do not evaluate <VAR>expression2</VAR> if the
value of <VAR>expression1</VAR> is sufficient to determine the return
value of the entire conditional expression.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands </H4>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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<H3> 3.2.5 Coprocesses </H3>
</P><P>
The format for a coprocess is:
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>coproc</CODE> [<VAR>NAME</VAR>] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>redirections</VAR>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>coproc [<VAR>NAME</VAR>] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>redirections</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
This creates a coprocess named <VAR>NAME</VAR>.
the first word of the simple command.
</P><P>
-When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
+When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>)
-named <VAR>NAME</VAR> in the context of the executing shell.
+named <CODE>NAME</CODE> in the context of the executing shell.
The standard output of <VAR>command</VAR>
is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
-and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[0].
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <CODE>NAME</CODE>[0].
The standard input of <VAR>command</VAR>
is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
-and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[1].
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <CODE>NAME</CODE>[1].
This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the
command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>).
The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands
and redirections using standard word expansions.
+The file descriptors are not available in subshells.
</P><P>
The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
-available as the value of the variable <VAR>NAME</VAR>_PID.
+available as the value of the variable <CODE>NAME</CODE>_PID.
The <CODE>wait</CODE>
builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
</P><P>
+Since the coprocess is created as an asynchronous command,
+the <CODE>coproc</CODE> command always returns success.
The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of <VAR>command</VAR>.
</P><P>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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<H3> 3.2.6 GNU Parallel </H3>
<!--docid::SEC24::-->
<P>
+There are ways to run commands in parallel that are not built into Bash.
+GNU Parallel is a tool to do just that.
+</P><P>
+
GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run commands
in parallel. You may run the same command with different arguments, whether
-they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines read from files.
+they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines read from files. GNU
+Parallel provides shorthand references to many of the most common operations
+(input lines, various portions of the input line, different ways to specify
+the input source, and so on). Parallel can replace <CODE>xargs</CODE> or feed
+commands from its input sources to several different instances of Bash.
</P><P>
For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation. A few
examples should provide a brief introduction to its use.
</P><P>
-For example, it is easy to prefix each line in a text file with a specified
-string:
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string
-</pre></td></tr></table>The <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is required to preserve the lines' order.
+For example, it is easy to replace <CODE>xargs</CODE> to gzip all html files in the
+current directory and its subdirectories:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>find . -type f -name '*.html' -print | parallel gzip
+</pre></td></tr></table>If you need to protect special characters such as newlines in file names,
+use find's <SAMP>`-print0'</SAMP> option and parallel's <SAMP>`-0'</SAMP> option.
</P><P>
-Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text file:
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat file | parallel -k echo {} append_string
-</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
-
You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when the
number of files is too large to process with one <CODE>mv</CODE> invocation:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls | parallel mv {} destdir
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
As you can see, the {} is replaced with each line read from standard input.
+While using <CODE>ls</CODE> will work in most instances, it is not sufficient to
+deal with all filenames.
+If you need to accommodate special characters in filenames, you can use
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>find . -depth 1 \! -name '.*' -print0 | parallel -0 mv {} destdir
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+as alluded to above.
+</P><P>
+
This will run as many <CODE>mv</CODE> commands as there are files in the current
-directory. You can emulate a parallel <CODE>xargs</CODE> by adding the <SAMP>`-X'</SAMP>
-option:
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls | parallel -X mv {} destdir
+directory.
+You can emulate a parallel <CODE>xargs</CODE> by adding the <SAMP>`-X'</SAMP> option:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>find . -depth 1 \! -name '.*' -print0 | parallel -0 -X mv {} destdir
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines read
-from a file (in this case, filenames):
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre> for x in $(cat list); do
- do-something1 $x config-$x
- do-something2 < $x
- done | process-output
+from a file (in this case, filenames listed one per line):
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre> while IFS= read -r x; do
+ do-something1 "$x" "config-$x"
+ do-something2 < "$x"
+ done < file | process-output
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat {} | bzip2 >{.}.bz2 && rm {}"
</pre></td></tr></table>This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending
-in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.
+in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.
+(We use <CODE>ls</CODE> for brevity here; using <CODE>find</CODE> as above is more
+robust in the face of filenames containing unexpected characters.)
+Parallel can take arguments from the command line; the above can also be
+written as
</P><P>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>parallel "zcat {} | bzip2 >{.}.bz2 && rm {}" ::: *.gz
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in
the output. For instance, the following command
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute
-</pre></td></tr></table>will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Using
-the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option, as we saw above
+</pre></td></tr></table>will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first.
+Adding the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute
</pre></td></tr></table>will ensure that the output of <CODE>traceroute foss.org.my</CODE> is displayed first.
</P><P>
+Finally, Parallel can be used to run a sequence of shell commands in parallel,
+similar to <SAMP>`cat file | bash'</SAMP>.
+It is not uncommon to take a list of filenames, create a series of shell
+commands to operate on them, and feed that list of commnds to a shell.
+Parallel can speed this up. Assuming that <TT>`file'</TT> contains a list of
+shell commands, one per line,
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>parallel -j 10 < file
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+will evaluate the commands using the shell (since no explicit command is
+supplied as an argument), in blocks of ten shell jobs at a time.
+</P><P>
+
<A NAME="Shell Functions"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC25"></A>
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<H2> 3.3 Shell Functions </H2>
Functions are declared using this syntax:
<A NAME="IDX45"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]<BR>or<BR>
-<CODE>function</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR> [()] <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+or
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>function <VAR>name</VAR> [()] <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
This defines a shell function named <VAR>name</VAR>. The reserved
may be any compound command listed above.
<VAR>compound-command</VAR> is executed whenever <VAR>name</VAR> is specified as the
name of a command.
+When the shell is in POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>),
+<VAR>name</VAR> may not be the same as one of the special builtins
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A>).
Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function
are performed when the function is executed.
</P><P>
</P><P>
Function names and definitions may be listed with the
-<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
-builtin command
s (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> (<CODE>typeset</CODE>)
+builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
will list the function names only
(and optionally the source file and line number, if the <CODE>extdebug</CODE>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.4 Shell Parameters </H2>
<CODE>alias</CODE>,
<CODE>declare</CODE>, <CODE>typeset</CODE>, <CODE>export</CODE>, <CODE>readonly</CODE>,
and <CODE>local</CODE> builtin commands.
+When in POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>), these builtins may appear
+in a command after one or more instances of the <CODE>command</CODE> builtin
+and retain these assignment statement properties.
</P><P>
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
appended to the variable's value.
</P><P>
+A variable can be assigned the <VAR>nameref</VAR> attribute using the
+<SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option to the \fBdeclare\fP or \fBlocal\fP builtin commands
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
+to create a <VAR>nameref</VAR>, or a reference to another variable.
+This allows variables to be manipulated indirectly.
+Whenever the nameref variable is referenced or assigned to, the operation
+is actually performed on the variable specified by the nameref variable's
+value.
+A nameref is commonly used within shell functions to refer to a variable
+whose name is passed as an argument to the function.
+For instance, if a variable name is passed to a shell function as its first
+argument, running
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -n ref=$1
+</pre></td></tr></table>inside the function creates a nameref variable <VAR>ref</VAR> whose value is
+the variable name passed as the first argument.
+References and assignments to <VAR>ref</VAR> are treated as references and
+assignments to the variable whose name was passed as <CODE>$1</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+If the control variable in a <CODE>for</CODE> loop has the nameref attribute,
+the list of words can be a list of shell variables, and a name reference
+will be established for each word in the list, in turn, when the loop is
+executed.
+Array variables cannot be given the <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> attribute.
+However, nameref variables can reference array variables and subscripted
+array variables.
+Namerefs can be unset using the <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>unset</CODE> builtin
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+Otherwise, if <CODE>unset</CODE> is executed with the name of a nameref variable
+as an argument, the variable referenced by the nameref variable will be unset.
+</P><P>
+
<A NAME="Positional Parameters"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC27"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.4.1 Positional Parameters </H3>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.4.2 Special Parameters </H3>
<A NAME="IDX46"></A>
<DT><CODE>*</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX47"></A>
-Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
-expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word
+<A NAME="IDX48"></A>
+($*) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
+When the expansion is not within double quotes, each positional parameter
+expands to a separate word.
+In contexts where it is performed, those words
+are subject to further word splitting and pathname expansion.
+When the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word
with the value of each parameter separated by the first character
of the <CODE>IFS</CODE>
special variable. That is, <CODE>"$*"</CODE> is equivalent
separators.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX48"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX49"></A>
<DT><CODE>@</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX49"></A>
-Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+<DD><A NAME="IDX50"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX51"></A>
+($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
separate word. That is, <CODE>"$@"</CODE> is equivalent to
<CODE>"$1" "$2" <small>...</small></CODE>.
expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX50"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX52"></A>
<DT><CODE>#</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX51"></A>
-Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX53"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX54"></A>
+($#) Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX52"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX55"></A>
<DT><CODE>?</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX53"></A>
-Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground
+<DD><A NAME="IDX56"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX57"></A>
+($?) Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground
pipeline.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX54"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX58"></A>
<DT><CODE>-</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX55"></A>
-(A hyphen.) Expands to the current option flags as specified upon
+<DD><A NAME="IDX59"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX60"></A>
+($-, a hyphen.) Expands to the current option flags as specified upon
invocation, by the <CODE>set</CODE>
builtin command, or those set by the shell itself
(such as the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX56"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX61"></A>
<DT><CODE>$</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX57"></A>
-Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a <CODE>()</CODE> subshell, it
+<DD><A NAME="IDX62"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX63"></A>
+($$) Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a <CODE>()</CODE> subshell, it
expands to the process ID of the invoking shell, not the subshell.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX58"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX64"></A>
<DT><CODE>!</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX59"></A>
-Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed background
-(asynchronous) command.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX65"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX66"></A>
+($!) Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into the
+background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or using
+the <CODE>bg</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX60"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX67"></A>
<DT><CODE>0</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX61"></A>
-Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
+<DD><A NAME="IDX68"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX69"></A>
+($0) Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file.
If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX62"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX70"></A>
<DT><CODE>_</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX63"></A>
-(An underscore.)
+<DD><A NAME="IDX71"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX72"></A>
+($_, an underscore.)
At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke the
shell or shell script being executed as passed in the environment
or argument list.
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.5 Shell Expansions </H2>
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
<CODE>token</CODE>s. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:
+</P><P>
+
<UL>
<LI>brace expansion
<LI>tilde expansion
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
-The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
-parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
-command substitution
-(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and filename
-expansion.
+The order of expansions is:
+brace expansion;
+tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion,
+and command substitution (done in a left-to-right fashion);
+word splitting;
+and filename expansion.
</P><P>
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
-available: <VAR>process substitution</VAR>. This is performed at the
-same time as parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
+available: <VAR>process substitution</VAR>.
+This is performed at the
+same time as tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
command substitution.
</P><P>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.1 Brace Expansion </H3>
Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.
This mechanism is similar to
<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>),
-but the file names generated need not exist.
+but the filenames generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional <VAR>preamble</VAR>,
-followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a seqeunce expression
+followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence expression
between a pair of braces,
followed by an optional <VAR>postscript</VAR>.
The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and
When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
<VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR>, inclusive.
Supplied integers may be prefixed with <SAMP>`0'</SAMP> to force each term to have the
-same width. When either <VAR>x</VAR> or <VAR>y</VAR> begins with a zero, the shell
+same width.
+When either <VAR>x</VAR> or <VAR>y</VAR> begins with a zero, the shell
attempts to force all generated terms to contain the same number of digits,
zero-padding where necessary.
When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
-lexicographically between <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR>, inclusive. Note that
-both <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR> must be of the same type.
+lexicographically between <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR>, inclusive,
+using the default C locale.
+Note that both <VAR>x</VAR> and <VAR>y</VAR> must be of the same type.
When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
</P><P>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.2 Tilde Expansion </H3>
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately
following a <SAMP>`:'</SAMP> or the first <SAMP>`='</SAMP>.
In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.
-Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in assignments to
+Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in assignments to
<CODE>PATH</CODE>, <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>CDPATH</CODE>,
and the shell assigns the expanded value.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>~-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
<DD>The string that would be displayed by <SAMP>`dirs -<VAR>N</VAR>'</SAMP>
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion </H3>
</P><P>
The basic form of parameter expansion is ${<VAR>parameter</VAR>}.
-The value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> is substituted. The braces are required
-when <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+The value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> is substituted.
+The <VAR>parameter</VAR> is a shell parameter as described above
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>) or an array reference (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+The braces are required when <VAR>parameter</VAR>
is a positional parameter with more than one digit,
-or when <VAR>parameter</VAR>
-is followed by a character that is not to be
+or when <VAR>parameter</VAR> is followed by a character that is not to be
interpreted as part of its name.
</P><P>
If the first character of <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an exclamation point (!),
-a level of variable indirection is introduced.
+it introduces a level of variable indirection.
Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of
<VAR>parameter</VAR> as the name of the variable; this variable is then
expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather
than the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> itself.
This is known as <CODE>indirect expansion</CODE>.
-The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!<VAR>prefix</VAR><BR>}
+The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!<VAR>prefix</VAR>*}
and ${!<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}
described below.
The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
</P><P>
When not performing substring expansion, using the form described
-below, Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+below (e.g., <SAMP>`:-'</SAMP>), Bash tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
Put another way, if the colon is included,
the operator tests for both <VAR>parameter</VAR>'s existence and that its value
<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>:<VAR>offset</VAR>}</CODE>
<DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>:<VAR>offset</VAR>:<VAR>length</VAR>}</CODE>
-<DD>Expands to up to <VAR>length</VAR> characters of <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+<DD>This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
+It expands to up to <VAR>length</VAR> characters of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>
starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>.
-If <VAR>length</VAR> is omitted, expands to the substring of
-<VAR>parameter</VAR> starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, an indexed array subscripted by
+<SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, or an associative array name, the results differ as
+described below.
+If <VAR>length</VAR> is omitted, it expands to the substring of the value of
+<VAR>parameter</VAR> starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>
+and extending to the end of the value.
<VAR>length</VAR> and <VAR>offset</VAR> are arithmetic expressions
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
-This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
<P>
If <VAR>offset</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
-is used as an offset from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>.
-If <VAR>length</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, and <VAR>parameter</VAR>
-is not <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> and not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted
-as an offset from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> rather than
-a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between the
-two offsets.
+is used as an offset in characters
+from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>.
+If <VAR>length</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero,
+it is interpreted as an offset in characters
+from the end of the value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> rather than
+a number of characters, and the expansion is the characters between
+<VAR>offset</VAR> and that result.
+Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least
+one space to avoid being confused with the <SAMP>`:-'</SAMP> expansion.
+</P><P>
+
+Here are some examples illustrating substring expansion on parameters and
+subscripted arrays:
+</P><P>
+
+@verbatim
+$ string=01234567890abcdefgh
+$ echo ${string:7}
+7890abcdefgh
+$ echo ${string:7:0}
+</P><P>
+
+$ echo ${string:7:2}
+78
+$ echo ${string:7:-2}
+7890abcdef
+$ echo ${string: -7}
+bcdefgh
+$ echo ${string: -7:0}
+</P><P>
+
+$ echo ${string: -7:2}
+bc
+$ echo ${string: -7:-2}
+bcdef
+$ set -- 01234567890abcdefgh
+$ echo ${1:7}
+7890abcdefgh
+$ echo ${1:7:0}
+</P><P>
+
+$ echo ${1:7:2}
+78
+$ echo ${1:7:-2}
+7890abcdef
+$ echo ${1: -7}
+bcdefgh
+$ echo ${1: -7:0}
+</P><P>
+
+$ echo ${1: -7:2}
+bc
+$ echo ${1: -7:-2}
+bcdef
+$ array[0]=01234567890abcdefgh
+$ echo ${array[0]:7}
+7890abcdefgh
+$ echo ${array[0]:7:0}
+</P><P>
+
+$ echo ${array[0]:7:2}
+78
+$ echo ${array[0]:7:-2}
+7890abcdef
+$ echo ${array[0]: -7}
+bcdefgh
+$ echo ${array[0]: -7:0}
+</P><P>
+
+$ echo ${array[0]: -7:2}
+bc
+$ echo ${array[0]: -7:-2}
+bcdef
+</P><P>
+
If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, the result is <VAR>length</VAR> positional
parameters beginning at <VAR>offset</VAR>.
+A negative <VAR>offset</VAR> is taken relative to one greater than the greatest
+positional parameter, so an offset of -1 evaluates to the last positional
+parameter.
+It is an expansion error if <VAR>length</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero.
+</P><P>
+
+The following examples illustrate substring expansion using positional
+parameters:
+</P><P>
+
+@verbatim
+$ set -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
+$ echo ${7}
+7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
+$ echo ${7:0}
+</P><P>
+
+$ echo ${7:2}
+7 8
+$ echo ${7:-2}
+bash: -2: substring expression < 0
+$ echo ${ -7:2}
+b c
+$ echo ${0}
+./bash 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
+$ echo ${0:2}
+./bash 1
+$ echo ${ -7:0}
+</P><P>
+
If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an indexed array name subscripted
by <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, the result is the <VAR>length</VAR>
members of the array beginning with <CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>[<VAR>offset</VAR>]}</CODE>.
A negative <VAR>offset</VAR> is taken relative to one greater than the maximum
index of the specified array.
+It is an expansion error if <VAR>length</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero.
+</P><P>
+
+These examples show how you can use substring expansion with indexed
+arrays:
+</P><P>
+
+@verbatim
+$ array=(0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h)
+$ echo ${array[@]:7}
+7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
+$ echo ${array[@]:7:2}
+7 8
+$ echo ${array[@]: -7:2}
+b c
+$ echo ${array[@]: -7:-2}
+bash: -2: substring expression < 0
+$ echo ${array[@]:0}
+0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a b c d e f g h
+$ echo ${array[@]:0:2}
+0 1
+$ echo ${array[@]: -7:0}
+</P><P>
+
Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces undefined
results.
</P><P>
-Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least
-one space to avoid being confused with the <SAMP>`:-'</SAMP> expansion.
Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default.
If <VAR>offset</VAR> is 0, and the positional parameters are used, <CODE>$@</CODE> is
is the number of positional parameters.
If <VAR>parameter</VAR> is an array name subscripted by <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>,
the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.
+If <VAR>parameter</VAR>
+is an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is
+interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
+<VAR>parameter</VAR>, so negative indices count back from the end of the
+array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
<P>
<DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>#<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
<DD>This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in <VAR>parameter</VAR>.
The <VAR>pattern</VAR> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
filename expansion.
+Each character in the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> is tested against
+<VAR>pattern</VAR>, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
+The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
The <SAMP>`^'</SAMP> operator converts lowercase letters matching <VAR>pattern</VAR>
to uppercase; the <SAMP>`,'</SAMP> operator converts matching uppercase letters
to lowercase.
is an array variable subscripted with <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>,
the case modification operation is applied to each member of the
array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.4 Command Substitution </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion </H3>
The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but
a double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially.
-All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, command
-substitution, and quote removal.
+All tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, and quote removal.
+The result is treated as the arithmetic expression to be evaluated.
Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.6 Process Substitution </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.7 Word Splitting </H3>
</P><P>
The shell treats each character of <CODE>$IFS</CODE> as a delimiter, and splits
-the results of the other expansions into words on these characters.
+the results of the other expansions into words using these characters
+as field terminators.
If <CODE>IFS</CODE> is unset, or its value is exactly <CODE><space><tab><newline></CODE>,
the default, then sequences of
<CODE> <space></CODE>, <CODE><tab></CODE>, and <CODE><newline></CODE>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.8 Filename Expansion </H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell matches patterns.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
-<A NAME="IDX64"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX65"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX66"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX67"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX73"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX74"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX75"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX76"></A>
<P>
After word splitting, unless the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option has been set
If one of these characters appears, then the word is
regarded as a <VAR>pattern</VAR>,
and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of
-file names matching the pattern. If no matching file names are found,
+filenames matching the pattern (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>).
+If no matching filenames are found,
and the shell option <CODE>nullglob</CODE> is disabled, the word is left
unchanged.
If the <CODE>nullglob</CODE> option is set, and no matches are found, the word
When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character <SAMP>`.'</SAMP>
at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash
must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option <CODE>dotglob</CODE> is set.
-When matching a file name, the slash character must always be
+When matching a filename, the slash character must always be
matched explicitly.
In other cases, the <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> character is not treated specially.
</P><P>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching </H4>
<DT><CODE>[<small>...</small>]</CODE>
<DD>Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters
separated by a hyphen denotes a <VAR>range expression</VAR>;
-any character that sorts between those two characters, inclusive,
+any character that falls between those two characters, inclusive,
using the current locale's collating sequence and character set,
is matched. If the first character following the
<SAMP>`['</SAMP> is a <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> or a <SAMP>`^'</SAMP>
in the set. A <SAMP>`]'</SAMP> may be matched by including it as the first
character in the set.
The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by
-the current locale and the value of the <CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE> shell variable,
-if set.
+the current locale and the values of the
+<CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE> and <CODE>LC_ALL</CODE> shell variables, if set.
<P>
For example, in the default C locale, <SAMP>`[a-dx-z]'</SAMP> is equivalent to
it might be equivalent to <SAMP>`[aBbCcDdxXyYz]'</SAMP>, for example. To obtain
the traditional interpretation of ranges in bracket expressions, you can
force the use of the C locale by setting the <CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE> or
-<CODE>LC_ALL</CODE> environment variable to the value <SAMP>`C'</SAMP>.
+<CODE>LC_ALL</CODE> environment variable to the value <SAMP>`C'</SAMP>, or enable the
+<CODE>globasciiranges</CODE> shell option.
</P><P>
Within <SAMP>`['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]'</SAMP>, <VAR>character classes</VAR> can be specified
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.9 Quote Removal </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.6 Redirections </H2>
Before a command is executed, its input and output
may be <VAR>redirected</VAR>
using a special notation interpreted by the shell.
-Redirection may also be used to open and close files for the
+Redirection allows commands' file handles to be
+duplicated, opened, closed,
+made to refer to different files,
+and can change the files the command reads from and writes to.
+Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
current shell execution environment. The following redirection
operators may precede or appear anywhere within a
simple command or may follow a command.
<DT><CODE>/dev/tcp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE>
<DD>If <VAR>host</VAR> is a valid hostname or Internet address, and <VAR>port</VAR>
-is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a TCP
-connection to the corresponding socket.
+is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open
+the corresponding TCP socket.
<P>
<DT><CODE>/dev/udp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE>
<DD>If <VAR>host</VAR> is a valid hostname or Internet address, and <VAR>port</VAR>
-is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a UDP
-connection to the corresponding socket.
-<P>
-
+is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open
+the corresponding UDP socket.
</DL>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.1 Redirecting Input </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.2 Redirecting Output </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
</pre></td></tr></table>Of the two forms, the first is preferred.
This is semantically equivalent to
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>><VAR>word</VAR> 2>&1
-</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+</pre></td></tr></table>When using the second form, <VAR>word</VAR> may not expand to a number or
+<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>. If it does, other redirection operators apply
+(see Duplicating File Descriptors below) for compatibility reasons.
+</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC45"></A>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>&>><VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table>This is semantically equivalent to
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>>><VAR>word</VAR> 2>&1
-</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+</pre></td></tr></table>(see Duplicating File Descriptors below).
+</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC46"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.6 Here Documents </H3>
<VAR>delimiter</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
-No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
-or filename expansion is performed on
+No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
+arithmetic expansion, or filename expansion is performed on
<VAR>word</VAR>. If any characters in <VAR>word</VAR> are quoted, the
<VAR>delimiter</VAR> is the result of quote removal on <VAR>word</VAR>,
and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.
If <VAR>word</VAR> is unquoted,
-all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion,
-command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter
-case, the character sequence <CODE>\newline</CODE> is ignored, and <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>
+all lines of the here-document are subjected to
+parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion,
+the character sequence <CODE>\newline</CODE> is ignored, and <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>
must be used to quote the characters
<SAMP>`\'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>``'</SAMP>.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.7 Here Strings </H3>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><<< <VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
-The <VAR>word</VAR> is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard
-input.
+The <VAR>word</VAR> undergoes
+brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal.
+Pathname expansion and word splitting are not performed.
+The result is supplied as a single string to the command on its
+standard input.
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors </H3>
If the digits in <VAR>word</VAR> do not specify a file descriptor open for
input, a redirection error occurs.
If <VAR>word</VAR>
-evaluates to <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR> is closed. If
-<VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
+evaluates to <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR> is closed.
+If <VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
<P>
The operator
<VAR>n</VAR> is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used.
If the digits in <VAR>word</VAR> do not specify a file descriptor open for
output, a redirection error occurs.
+If <VAR>word</VAR>
+evaluates to <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR> is closed.
As a special case, if <VAR>n</VAR> is omitted, and <VAR>word</VAR> does not
-expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
+expand to one or more digits or <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, the standard output and standard
error are redirected as described previously.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.7 Executing Commands </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.2 Command Search and Execution </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.3 Command Execution Environment </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.4 Environment </H3>
</P><P>
When Bash invokes an external command, the variable <SAMP>`$_'</SAMP>
-is set to the full path name of the command and passed to that
+is set to the full pathname of the command and passed to that
command in its environment.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.5 Exit Status </H3>
<VAR>waitpid</VAR> system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses
fall between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may
use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and
-compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain
+compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain
circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific
failure modes.
</P><P>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.6 Signals </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.8 Shell Scripts </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 4. Shell Builtin Commands </H1>
commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control
facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins </H2>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>: (a colon)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX68"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX77"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>: [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Do nothing beyond expanding <VAR>arguments</VAR> and performing redirections.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Do nothing beyond expanding <VAR>arguments</VAR> and performing redirections.
The return status is zero.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>. (a period)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX69"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX78"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>. <VAR>filename</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Read and execute commands from the <VAR>filename</VAR> argument in the
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Read and execute commands from the <VAR>filename</VAR> argument in the
current shell context. If <VAR>filename</VAR> does not contain a slash,
the <CODE>PATH</CODE> variable is used to find <VAR>filename</VAR>.
When Bash is not in POSIX mode, the current directory is searched
zero if no commands are executed. If <VAR>filename</VAR> is not found, or
cannot be read, the return status is non-zero.
This builtin is equivalent to <CODE>source</CODE>.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>break</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX70"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX79"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>break [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Exit from a <CODE>for</CODE>, <CODE>while</CODE>, <CODE>until</CODE>, or <CODE>select</CODE> loop.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Exit from a <CODE>for</CODE>, <CODE>while</CODE>, <CODE>until</CODE>, or <CODE>select</CODE> loop.
If <VAR>n</VAR> is supplied, the <VAR>n</VAR>th enclosing loop is exited.
<VAR>n</VAR> must be greater than or equal to 1.
The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is not greater than or equal to 1.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>cd</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX71"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [<VAR>directory</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Change the current working directory to <VAR>directory</VAR>.
-If <VAR>directory</VAR> is not given, the value of the <CODE>HOME</CODE> shell
-variable is used.
-If the shell variable <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> exists, it is used as a search path.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX80"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@] [<VAR>directory</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Change the current working directory to <VAR>directory</VAR>.
+If <VAR>directory</VAR> is not supplied, the value of the <CODE>HOME</CODE>
+shell variable is used.
+Any additional arguments following <VAR>directory</VAR> are ignored.
+If the shell variable
+<CODE>CDPATH</CODE> exists, it is used as a search path:
+each directory name in <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is searched for
+<VAR>directory</VAR>, with alternative directory names in <CODE>CDPATH</CODE>
+separated by a colon (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>).
If <VAR>directory</VAR> begins with a slash, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is not used.
-<P>
+</P><P>
+
+The <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links
+are resolved while <CODE>cd</CODE> is traversing <VAR>directory</VAR> and before
+processing an instance of <SAMP>`..'</SAMP> in <VAR>directory</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+By default, or when the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option is supplied, symbolic links
+in <VAR>directory</VAR> are resolved after <CODE>cd</CODE> processes an instance
+of <SAMP>`..'</SAMP> in <VAR>directory</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+If <SAMP>`..'</SAMP> appears in <VAR>directory</VAR>, it is processed by removing the
+immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the beginning
+of <VAR>directory</VAR>.
+</P><P>
-The <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic
-links are followed by default or with the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option.
If the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option is supplied with <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP>
and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
after a successful directory change, <CODE>cd</CODE> will return an unsuccessful
status.
-If <VAR>directory</VAR> is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, it is equivalent to <CODE>$OLDPWD</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+On systems that support it, the <SAMP>`-@'</SAMP> option presents the extended
+attributes associated with a file as a directory.
+</P><P>
+
+If <VAR>directory</VAR> is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, it is converted to <CODE>$OLDPWD</CODE>
+before the directory change is attempted.
</P><P>
If a non-empty directory name from <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is used, or if
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>continue</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX72"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX81"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>continue [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Resume the next iteration of an enclosing <CODE>for</CODE>, <CODE>while</CODE>,
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Resume the next iteration of an enclosing <CODE>for</CODE>, <CODE>while</CODE>,
<CODE>until</CODE>, or <CODE>select</CODE> loop.
If <VAR>n</VAR> is supplied, the execution of the <VAR>n</VAR>th enclosing loop
is resumed.
<VAR>n</VAR> must be greater than or equal to 1.
The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is not greater than or equal to 1.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>eval</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX73"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX82"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>eval [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is
then read and executed, and its exit status returned as the exit status
of <CODE>eval</CODE>.
If there are no arguments or only empty arguments, the return status is
zero.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>exec</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX74"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX83"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>exec [-cl] [-a <VAR>name</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]]
-</pre></td></tr></table>If <VAR>command</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+If <VAR>command</VAR>
is supplied, it replaces the shell without creating a new process.
If the <SAMP>`-l'</SAMP> option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the
beginning of the zeroth argument passed to <VAR>command</VAR>.
environment.
If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is supplied, the shell passes <VAR>name</VAR> as the zeroth
argument to <VAR>command</VAR>.
+If <VAR>command</VAR>
+cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+unless the <CODE>execfail</CODE> shell option
+is enabled. In that case, it returns failure.
+An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed.
If no <VAR>command</VAR> is specified, redirections may be used to affect
the current shell environment. If there are no redirection errors, the
return status is zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>exit</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX75"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX84"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>exit [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Exit the shell, returning a status of <VAR>n</VAR> to the shell's parent.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Exit the shell, returning a status of <VAR>n</VAR> to the shell's parent.
If <VAR>n</VAR> is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.
Any trap on <CODE>EXIT</CODE> is executed before the shell terminates.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>export</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX76"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX85"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>export [-fn] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>]]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> to be passed to child processes
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> to be passed to child processes
in the environment. If the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is supplied, the <VAR>name</VAR>s
refer to shell functions; otherwise the names refer to shell variables.
The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option means to no longer mark each <VAR>name</VAR> for export.
If no <VAR>names</VAR> are supplied, or if the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is given, a
-list of exported names is displayed.
+list of names of all exported variables is displayed.
The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option displays output in a form that may be reused as input.
If a variable name is followed by =<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of
the variable is set to <VAR>value</VAR>.
-<P>
+</P><P>
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
the names is not a valid shell variable name, or <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> is supplied
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>getopts</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX77"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX86"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>getopts <VAR>optstring</VAR> <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>args</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table><CODE>getopts</CODE> is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+<CODE>getopts</CODE> is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters.
<VAR>optstring</VAR> contains the option characters to be recognized; if a
character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
-argument, which should be separated from it by white space.
+argument, which should be separated from it by whitespace.
The colon (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>) and question mark (<SAMP>`?'</SAMP>) may not be
used as option characters.
Each time it is invoked, <CODE>getopts</CODE>
The shell does not reset <CODE>OPTIND</CODE> automatically; it must be manually
reset between multiple calls to <CODE>getopts</CODE> within the same shell
invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used.
-<P>
+</P><P>
When the end of options is encountered, <CODE>getopts</CODE> exits with a
return value greater than zero.
<CODE>getopts</CODE> can report errors in two ways. If the first character of
<VAR>optstring</VAR> is a colon, <VAR>silent</VAR>
-error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages
+error reporting is used. In normal operation, diagnostic messages
are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
encountered.
If the variable <CODE>OPTERR</CODE>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>hash</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX78"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX87"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>hash [-r] [-p <VAR>filename</VAR>] [-dt] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Each time <CODE>hash</CODE> is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Each time <CODE>hash</CODE> is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the
commands specified as <VAR>name</VAR> arguments,
so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations.
The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in
information about remembered commands is printed.
The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is not found or an invalid
option is supplied.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>pwd</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX79"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX88"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pwd [-LP]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
If the <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option is supplied, the pathname printed will not
contain symbolic links.
If the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option is supplied, the pathname printed may contain
The return status is zero unless an error is encountered while
determining the name of the current directory or an invalid option
is supplied.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>readonly</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX80"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>readonly [-aApf] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>]] <small>...</small>
-</pre></td></tr></table>Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> as readonly.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX89"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>readonly [-aAf] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>]] <small>...</small>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> as readonly.
The values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment.
If the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is supplied, each <VAR>name</VAR> refers to a shell
function.
The <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option means each <VAR>name</VAR> refers to an indexed
array variable; the <SAMP>`-A'</SAMP> option means each <VAR>name</VAR> refers
to an associative array variable.
+If both options are supplied, <SAMP>`-A'</SAMP> takes precedence.
If no <VAR>name</VAR> arguments are given, or if the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP>
option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.
+The other options may be used to restrict the output to a subset of
+the set of readonly names.
The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option causes output to be displayed in a format that
may be reused as input.
If a variable name is followed by =<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
the <VAR>name</VAR> arguments is not a valid shell variable or function name,
or the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is supplied with a name that is not a shell function.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>return</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX81"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX90"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>return [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Cause a shell function to exit with the return value <VAR>n</VAR>.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Cause a shell function to stop executing and return the value <VAR>n</VAR>
+to its caller.
If <VAR>n</VAR> is not supplied, the return value is the exit status of the
last command executed in the function.
-This may also be used to terminate execution of a script being executed
-with the <CODE>.</CODE> (or <CODE>source</CODE>) builtin, returning either <VAR>n</VAR> or
+<CODE>return</CODE> may also be used to terminate execution of a script
+being executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> (<CODE>source</CODE>) builtin,
+returning either <VAR>n</VAR> or
the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit
status of the script.
+If <VAR>n</VAR> is supplied, the return value is its least significant
+8 bits.
Any command associated with the <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap is executed
before execution resumes after the function or script.
-The return status is non-zero if <CODE>return</CODE> is used outside a function
+The return status is non-zero if <CODE>return</CODE> is supplied a non-numeric
+argument or is used outside a function
and not during the execution of a script by <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE>.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>shift</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX82"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX91"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>shift [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Shift the positional parameters to the left by <VAR>n</VAR>.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Shift the positional parameters to the left by <VAR>n</VAR>.
The positional parameters from <VAR>n</VAR>+1 <small>...</small> <CODE>$#</CODE> are
renamed to <CODE>$1</CODE> <small>...</small> <CODE>$#</CODE>-<VAR>n</VAR>.
Parameters represented by the numbers <CODE>$#</CODE> to <CODE>$#</CODE>-<VAR>n</VAR>+1
If <VAR>n</VAR> is not supplied, it is assumed to be 1.
The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is greater than <CODE>$#</CODE> or
less than zero, non-zero otherwise.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>test</CODE>
<DD><DT><CODE>[</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX83"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX84"></A>
-Evaluate a conditional expression <VAR>expr</VAR>.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX92"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX93"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>test <VAR>expr</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Evaluate a conditional express
+ion <VAR>expr</VAR> and return a status of 0
+(true) or 1 (false).
Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
<CODE>test</CODE> does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> as signifying the end of options.
-<P>
+</P><P>
When the <CODE>[</CODE> form is used, the last argument to the command must
be a <CODE>]</CODE>.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>times</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX85"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX94"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>times
-</pre></td></tr></table>Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children.
The return status is zero.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>trap</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX86"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX95"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>trap [-lp] [<VAR>arg</VAR>] [<VAR>sigspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>The commands in <VAR>arg</VAR> are to be read and executed when the
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The commands in <VAR>arg</VAR> are to be read and executed when the
shell receives signal <VAR>sigspec</VAR>. If <VAR>arg</VAR> is absent (and
there is a single <VAR>sigspec</VAR>) or
equal to <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, each specified signal's disposition is reset
and their corresponding numbers.
Each <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is either a signal name or a signal number.
Signal names are case insensitive and the <CODE>SIG</CODE> prefix is optional.
-<P>
+</P><P>
If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR>
is <CODE>0</CODE> or <CODE>EXIT</CODE>, <VAR>arg</VAR> is executed when the shell exits.
</P><P>
If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is <CODE>ERR</CODE>, the command <VAR>arg</VAR>
-is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
+is executed whenever
+a pipeline (which may consist of a single simple
+command), a list, or a compound command returns a
+non-zero exit status,
subject to the following conditions.
The <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
command list immediately following an <CODE>until</CODE> or <CODE>while</CODE> keyword,
part of the test following the <CODE>if</CODE> or <CODE>elif</CODE> reserved words,
-part of a command executed in a <CODE>&&</CODE> or <CODE>||</CODE> list,
+part of a command executed in a <CODE>&&</CODE> or <CODE>||</CODE> list
+except the command following the final <CODE>&&</CODE> or <CODE>||</CODE>,
+any command in a pipeline but the last,
or if the command's return
status is being inverted using <CODE>!</CODE>.
-These are the same conditions obeyed by the <CODE>errexit</CODE> option.
+These are the same conditions obeyed by the <CODE>errexit</CODE> (<SAMP>`-e'</SAMP>)
+option.
</P><P>
Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>umask</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX87"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX96"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>umask [-p] [-S] [<VAR>mode</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Set the shell process's file creation mask to <VAR>mode</VAR>. If
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Set the shell process's file creation mask to <VAR>mode</VAR>. If
<VAR>mode</VAR> begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;
if not, it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar
to that accepted by the <CODE>chmod</CODE> command. If <VAR>mode</VAR> is
is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.
The return status is zero if the mode is successfully changed or if
no <VAR>mode</VAR> argument is supplied, and non-zero otherwise.
-<P>
+</P><P>
Note that when the mode is interpreted as an octal number, each number
of the umask is subtracted from <CODE>7</CODE>. Thus, a umask of <CODE>022</CODE>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>unset</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX88"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>unset [-fv] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Each variable or function <VAR>name</VAR> is removed.
-If no options are supplied, or the <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option is given, each
-<VAR>name</VAR> refers to a shell variable.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX97"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>unset [-fnv] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Remove each variable or function <VAR>name</VAR>.
+If the <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option is given, each
+<VAR>name</VAR> refers to a shell variable and that variable is remvoved.
If the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is given, the <VAR>name</VAR>s refer to shell
functions, and the function definition is removed.
+If the <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option is supplied, and <VAR>name</VAR> is a variable with
+the <VAR>nameref</VAR> attribute, <VAR>name</VAR> will be unset rather than the
+variable it references.
+<SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> has no effect if the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is supplied.
+If no options are supplied, each <VAR>name</VAR> refers to a variable; if
+there is no variable by that name, any function with that name is
+unset.
Readonly variables and functions may not be unset.
The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is readonly.
</DL>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands </H2>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>alias</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX89"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>alias [<CODE>-p</CODE>] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
+<DD><A NAME="IDX98"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>alias [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Without arguments or with the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option, <CODE>alias</CODE> prints
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>bind</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX90"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] [-lpsvPSV]
+<DD><A NAME="IDX99"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] [-lpsvPSVX]
bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] [-q <VAR>function</VAR>] [-u <VAR>function</VAR>] [-r <VAR>keyseq</VAR>]
bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] -f <VAR>filename</VAR>
bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] -x <VAR>keyseq:shell-command</VAR>
If the executed command changes the value of <CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE> or
<CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE>, those new values will be reflected in the
editing state.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-X</CODE>
+<DD>List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands
+in a format that can be reused as input.
</DL>
<P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>builtin</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX91"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX100"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>builtin [<VAR>shell-builtin</VAR> [<VAR>args</VAR>]]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Run a shell builtin, passing it <VAR>args</VAR>, and return its exit status.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Run a shell builtin, passing it <VAR>args</VAR>, and return its exit status.
This is useful when defining a shell function with the same
name as a shell builtin, retaining the functionality of the builtin within
the function.
The return status is non-zero if <VAR>shell-builtin</VAR> is not a shell
builtin command.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>caller</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX92"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX101"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>caller [<VAR>expr</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
a script executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins).
-<P>
+</P><P>
Without <VAR>expr</VAR>, <CODE>caller</CODE> displays the line number and source
filename of the current subroutine call.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>command</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX93"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX102"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>command [-pVv] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Runs <VAR>command</VAR> with <VAR>arguments</VAR> ignoring any shell function
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Runs <VAR>command</VAR> with <VAR>arguments</VAR> ignoring any shell function
named <VAR>command</VAR>.
Only shell builtin commands or commands found by searching the
<CODE>PATH</CODE> are executed.
The return status in this case is 127 if <VAR>command</VAR> cannot be
found or an error occurred, and the exit status of <VAR>command</VAR>
otherwise.
-<P>
+</P><P>
If either the <SAMP>`-V'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option is supplied, a
description of <VAR>command</VAR> is printed. The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>declare</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX94"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
+<DD><A NAME="IDX103"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare [-aAfFgilnrtux] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Declare variables and give them attributes. If no <VAR>name</VAR>s
The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option will display the attributes and values of each
<VAR>name</VAR>.
-When <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> is used with <VAR>name</VAR> arguments, additional options
-are ignored.
+When <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> is used with <VAR>name</VAR> arguments, additional options,
+other than <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP>, are ignored.
</P><P>
When <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> is supplied without <VAR>name</VAR> arguments, <CODE>declare</CODE>
</P><P>
The <SAMP>`-g'</SAMP> option forces variables to be created or modified at
-the global scope, even when \fBdeclare\fP is executed in a shell function.
+the global scope, even when <CODE>declare</CODE> is executed in a shell function.
It is ignored in all other cases.
</P><P>
The upper-case attribute is disabled.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>Give each <VAR>name</VAR> the <VAR>nameref</VAR> attribute, making
+it a name reference to another variable.
+That other variable is defined by the value of <VAR>name</VAR>.
+All references and assignments to <VAR>name</VAR>, except for changing the
+<SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> attribute itself, are performed on the variable referenced by
+<VAR>name</VAR>'s value.
+The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
<DD>Make <VAR>name</VAR>s readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values
by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
is set to <VAR>value</VAR>.
</P><P>
+When using <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-A'</SAMP> and the compound assignment syntax to
+create array variables, additional attributes do not take effect until
+subsequent assignments.
+</P><P>
+
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered,
an attempt is made to define a function using <SAMP>`-f foo=bar'</SAMP>,
an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>echo</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX95"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX104"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>echo [-neE] [<VAR>arg</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Output the <VAR>arg</VAR>s, separated by spaces, terminated with a
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Output the <VAR>arg</VAR>s, separated by spaces, terminated with a
newline.
-The return status is always 0.
+The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs.
If <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed.
If the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option is given, interpretation of the following
backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
dynamically determine whether or not <CODE>echo</CODE> expands these
escape characters by default.
<CODE>echo</CODE> does not interpret <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> to mean the end of options.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<CODE>echo</CODE> interprets the following escape sequences:
<DL COMPACT>
<P>
<DT><CODE>enable</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX96"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f <VAR>filename</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
<VAR>name</VAR>s are enabled. For example, to use the <CODE>test</CODE> binary
found via <CODE>$PATH</CODE> instead of the shell builtin version, type
<SAMP>`enable -n test'</SAMP>.
-<P>
+</P><P>
If the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is supplied, or no <VAR>name</VAR> arguments appear,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other arguments, the list
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>help</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX97"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX106"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>help [-dms] [<VAR>pattern</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Display helpful information about builtin commands.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Display helpful information about builtin commands.
If <VAR>pattern</VAR> is specified, <CODE>help</CODE> gives detailed help
on all commands matching <VAR>pattern</VAR>, otherwise a list of
the builtins is printed.
-<P>
+</P><P>
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
</P><P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>let</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX98"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let <VAR>expression</VAR> [<VAR>expression</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>let</CODE> builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
+<DD><A NAME="IDX107"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let <VAR>expression</VAR> [<VAR>expression</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The <CODE>let</CODE> builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
variables. Each <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the
rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the
last <VAR>expression</VAR> evaluates to 0, <CODE>let</CODE> returns 1;
otherwise 0 is returned.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>local</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX99"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX108"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>local [<VAR>option</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>
-</pre></td></tr></table>For each argument, a local variable named <VAR>name</VAR> is created,
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+For each argument, a local variable named <VAR>name</VAR> is created,
and assigned <VAR>value</VAR>.
The <VAR>option</VAR> can be any of the options accepted by <CODE>declare</CODE>.
<CODE>local</CODE> can only be used within a function; it makes the variable
children. The return status is zero unless <CODE>local</CODE> is used outside
a function, an invalid <VAR>name</VAR> is supplied, or <VAR>name</VAR> is a
readonly variable.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>logout</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX100"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX109"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>logout [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Exit a login shell, returning a status of <VAR>n</VAR> to the shell's
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Exit a login shell, returning a status of <VAR>n</VAR> to the shell's
parent.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>mapfile</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX101"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>mapfile [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [
--C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
+<DD><A NAME="IDX110"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>mapfile [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>]
+ [-C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
or from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR>
if the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option is supplied.
The variable <CODE>MAPFILE</CODE> is the default <VAR>array</VAR>.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+</P><P>
+
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>printf</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX102"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX111"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>printf [-v <VAR>var</VAR>] <VAR>format</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Write the formatted <VAR>arguments</VAR> to the standard output under the
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Write the formatted <VAR>arguments</VAR> to the standard output under the
control of the <VAR>format</VAR>.
The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
<VAR>var</VAR> rather than being printed to the standard output.
-<P>
+</P><P>
The <VAR>format</VAR> is a character string which contains three types of objects:
plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>%b</CODE>
-<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the
+<DD>Causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR>,
-(except that <SAMP>`\c'</SAMP> terminates output, backslashes in
+except that <SAMP>`\c'</SAMP> terminates output, backslashes in
<SAMP>`\''</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\"'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`\?'</SAMP> are not removed, and octal escapes
-beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits).
+beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits.
<DT><CODE>%q</CODE>
-<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the
+<DD>Causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the
corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR> in a format that can be reused as shell input.
<DT><CODE>%(<VAR>datefmt</VAR>)T</CODE>
-<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the date-time string resulting from using
-<VAR>datefmt</VAR> as a format string for <CODE>strftime</CODE>(3). The corresponding
-<VAR>argument</VAR> is an integer representing the number of seconds since the
-epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
+<DD>Causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the date-time string resulting from using
+<VAR>datefmt</VAR> as a format string for <CODE>strftime</CODE>(3).
+The corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR> is an integer representing the number of
+seconds since the epoch.
+Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
+If no argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been given.
+This is an exception to the usual <CODE>printf</CODE> behavior.
</DL>
<P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>read</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX103"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>read [-ers] [-a <VAR>aname</VAR>] [-d <VAR>delim</VAR>] [-i <VAR>text</VAR>] [-n <VAR>nchars</VAR>] [-N <VAR>nchars</VAR>] [-p <VAR>prompt</VAR>] [-t <VAR>timeout</VAR>] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
+<DD><A NAME="IDX112"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>read [-ers] [-a <VAR>aname</VAR>] [-d <VAR>delim</VAR>] [-i <VAR>text</VAR>] [-n <VAR>nchars</VAR>]
+ [-N <VAR>nchars</VAR>] [-p <VAR>prompt</VAR>] [-t <VAR>timeout</VAR>] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
<VAR>fd</VAR> supplied as an argument to the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option, and the first word
is assigned to the first <VAR>name</VAR>, the second word to the second <VAR>name</VAR>,
and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names,
the remaining names are assigned empty values.
The characters in the value of the <CODE>IFS</CODE> variable
-are used to split the line into words.
+are used to split the line into words using the same rules the shell
+uses for expansion (described above in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
The backslash character <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> may be used to remove any special
meaning for the next character read and for line continuation.
If no names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the
variable <CODE>REPLY</CODE>.
The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, <CODE>read</CODE>
-times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an
-invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>.
-<P>
+times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128),
+a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs,
+or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>-t <VAR>timeout</VAR></CODE>
<DD>Cause <CODE>read</CODE> to time out and return failure if a complete line of
-input is not read within <VAR>timeout</VAR> seconds.
+input (or a specified number of characters)
+is not read within <VAR>timeout</VAR> seconds.
<VAR>timeout</VAR> may be a decimal number with a fractional portion following
the decimal point.
This option is only effective if <CODE>read</CODE> is reading input from a
terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading
from regular files.
-If <VAR>timeout</VAR> is 0, <CODE>read</CODE> returns success if input is available on
-the specified file descriptor, failure otherwise.
+If <CODE>read</CODE> times out, <CODE>read</CODE> saves any partial input read into
+the specified variable <VAR>name</VAR>.
+If <VAR>timeout</VAR> is 0, <CODE>read</CODE> returns immediately, without trying to
+read and data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
+the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-u <VAR>fd</VAR></CODE>
<DD>Read input from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR>.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
<DT><CODE>readarray</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX104"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>readarray [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [
--C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
+<DD><A NAME="IDX113"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>readarray [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>]
+ [-C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
or from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR>
if the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option is supplied.
-<P>
+</P><P>
A synonym for <CODE>mapfile</CODE>.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>source</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX114"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>source <VAR>filename</VAR>
-</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
-<P>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>type</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX106"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX115"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>type [-afptP] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>For each <VAR>name</VAR>, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+For each <VAR>name</VAR>, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
command name.
-<P>
+</P><P>
If the <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP> option is used, <CODE>type</CODE> prints a single word
which is one of <SAMP>`alias'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`function'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`builtin'</SAMP>,
</P><P>
If a command is hashed, <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> print the hashed value,
-not necessarily the file that appears first in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>.
+which is not necessarily the file that appears first in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>.
</P><P>
If the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option is used, <CODE>type</CODE> returns all of the places
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>typeset</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX107"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>typeset [-afFrxi] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>typeset</CODE> command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
-shell; however, it has been deprecated in favor of the <CODE>declare</CODE>
-builtin command.
-<P>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX116"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>typeset [-afFgrxilnrtux] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The <CODE>typeset</CODE> command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
+shell.
+It is a synonym for the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin command.
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>ulimit</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX108"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX117"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ulimit [-abcdefilmnpqrstuvxHST] [<VAR>limit</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table><CODE>ulimit</CODE> provides control over the resources available to processes
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+<CODE>ulimit</CODE> provides control over the resources available to processes
started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an
option is given, it is interpreted as follows:
+</P><P>
+
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>-S</CODE>
<DD>Change and report the soft limit associated with a resource.
<DT><CODE>-T</CODE>
<DD>The maximum number of threads.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
-If <VAR>limit</VAR> is given, it is the new value of the specified resource;
-the special <VAR>limit</VAR> values <CODE>hard</CODE>, <CODE>soft</CODE>, and
+If <VAR>limit</VAR> is given, and the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option is not used,
+<VAR>limit</VAR> is the new value of the specified resource.
+The special <VAR>limit</VAR> values <CODE>hard</CODE>, <CODE>soft</CODE>, and
<CODE>unlimited</CODE> stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
and no limit, respectively.
A hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set;
When setting new limits, if neither <SAMP>`-H'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-S'</SAMP> is supplied,
both the hard and soft limits are set.
If no option is given, then <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte
-increments, except for <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP>, which is in seconds, <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP>,
-which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>, which
-are unscaled values.
+increments, except for <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP>, which is in seconds; <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP>,
+which is in units of 512-byte blocks; and <SAMP>`-T'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-b'</SAMP>,
+<SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>, which are unscaled values.
</P><P>
The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>unalias</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX109"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX118"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>unalias [-a] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small> ]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Remove each <VAR>name</VAR> from the list of aliases. If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is
supplied, all aliases are removed.
Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>.
-</P><P>
-
</DL>
<P>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 4.3.1 The Set Builtin </H3>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>set</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX110"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX119"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [-o <VAR>option-name</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
set [+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT] [+o <VAR>option-name</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-e</CODE>
-<DD>Exit immediately if a pipeline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A>), which may consist
-of a single simple command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A>),
-a subshell command enclosed in parentheses (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands</A>),
-or one of the commands executed as part of a command list enclosed
-by braces (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands</A>)
+<DD>Exit immediately if
+a pipeline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A>), which may consist of a single simple command
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A>),
+a list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A>),
+or a compound command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A>)
returns a non-zero status.
The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the
command list immediately following a <CODE>while</CODE> or <CODE>until</CODE> keyword,
the command following the final <CODE>&&</CODE> or <CODE>||</CODE>,
any command in a pipeline but the last,
or if the command's return status is being inverted with <CODE>!</CODE>.
+If a compound command other than a subshell
+returns a non-zero status because a command failed
+while <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> was being ignored, the shell does not exit.
A trap on <CODE>ERR</CODE>, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
<P>
subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
</P><P>
+If a compound command or shell function executes in a context where
+<SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> is being ignored,
+none of the commands executed within the compound command or function body
+will be affected by the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> setting, even if <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> is set
+and a command returns a failure status.
+If a compound command or shell function sets <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> while executing in
+a context where <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> is ignored, that setting will not have any
+effect until the compound command or the command containing the function
+call completes.
+</P><P>
+
<DT><CODE>-f</CODE>
<DD>Disable filename expansion (globbing).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-m</CODE>
<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>).
+All processes run in a separate process group.
+When a background job completes, the shell prints a line
+containing its exit status.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
-<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
+<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
This option is on by default in interactive shells.
<P>
and the <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE>, <CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE>, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> and <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored.
If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
-real user (group) id, and the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is not supplied, these actions
+real user (group) id, and the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is not supplied, these actions
are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
-If the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+If the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
not reset.
Turning this option off causes the effective user
and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-H</CODE>
-<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
This option is on by default for interactive shells.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-P</CODE>
-<DD>If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands such as
+<DD>If set, do not resolve symbolic links when performing commands such as
<CODE>cd</CODE> which change the current directory. The physical directory
is used instead. By default, Bash follows
the logical chain of directories when performing commands
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin </H3>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>shopt</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX111"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX120"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [<VAR>optname</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behavior.
+The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+<SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option is used, those available with the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP>
+option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
With no options, or with the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option, a list of all settable
options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.
The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option causes output to be displayed in a form that
may be reused as input.
Other options have the following meanings:
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
<P>
If either <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>
-is used with no <VAR>optname</VAR> arguments, the display is limited to
+is used with no <VAR>optname</VAR> arguments, <CODE>shopt</CODE> shows only
those options which are set or unset, respectively.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>checkwinsize</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash checks the window size after each command
-and, if necessary, updates the values of
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of
<CODE>LINES</CODE> and <CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>compat31</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash
changes its behavior to that of version 3.1 with respect to quoted
-arguments to the conditional command's <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> operator.
+arguments to the conditional command's <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> operator
+and with respect to locale-specific
+string comparison when using the <CODE>[[</CODE>
+conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators.
+Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3);
+bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3).
<P>
<DT><CODE>compat32</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash
changes its behavior to that of version 3.2 with respect to locale-specific
-string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>
-conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators.
-Bash versions prior to bash-4.0 use ASCII collation and strcmp(3);
-bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's collation sequence and strcoll(3).
+string comparison when using the <CODE>[[</CODE>
+conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators (see previous item).
<P>
<DT><CODE>compat40</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash
changes its behavior to that of version 4.0 with respect to locale-specific
-string comparison when using the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>
-conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators (see previous item)
+string comparison when using the <CODE>[[</CODE>
+conditional command's <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators (see description
+of <CODE>compat31</CODE>)
and the effect of interrupting a command list.
+Bash versions 4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell received the
+interrupt; previous versions continue with the next command in the list.
<P>
<DT><CODE>compat41</CODE>
-<DD>If set, Bash, when in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
+<DD>If set, Bash, when in POSIX mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
quoted. This is the behavior of POSIX mode through version 4.1.
The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>compat42</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash
+does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution word
+expansion using quote removal.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>complete_fullquote</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash
+quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names when
+performing completion.
+If not set, Bash
+removes metacharacters such as the dollar sign from the set of
+characters that will be quoted in completed filenames
+when these metacharacters appear in shell variable references in words to be
+completed.
+This means that dollar signs in variable names that expand to directories
+will not be quoted;
+however, any dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, either.
+This is active only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed
+filenames.
+This variable is set by default, which is the default Bash behavior in
+versions through 4.2.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>direxpand</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash
+replaces directory names with the results of word expansion when performing
+filename completion. This changes the contents of the readline editing
+buffer.
+If not set, Bash attempts to preserve what the user typed.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>dirspell</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash
attempts spelling correction on directory names during word completion
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>globasciiranges</CODE>
+<DD>If set, range expressions used in pattern matching bracket expressions
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>)
+behave as if in the traditional C locale when performing
+comparisons. That is, the current locale's collating sequence
+is not taken into account, so
+<SAMP>`b'</SAMP> will not collate between <SAMP>`A'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`B'</SAMP>,
+and upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate together.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>globstar</CODE>
<DD>If set, the pattern <SAMP>`**'</SAMP> used in a filename expansion context will
-match a files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
+match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
If the pattern is followed by a <SAMP>`/'</SAMP>, only directories and
subdirectories match.
<P>
are enabled, non-zero otherwise.
When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an
<VAR>optname</VAR> is not a valid shell option.
-</P><P>
-
</DL>
<P>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.4 Special Builtins </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 5. Shell Variables </H1>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 5.1 Bourne Shell Variables </H2>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX112"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX121"></A>
<DT><CODE>CDPATH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX113"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX122"></A>
A colon-separated list of directories used as a search path for
the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX114"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX123"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOME</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX115"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX124"></A>
The current user's home directory; the default for the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin
command.
The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX116"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX125"></A>
<DT><CODE>IFS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX117"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX126"></A>
A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits
words as part of expansion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX118"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX127"></A>
<DT><CODE>MAIL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX119"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX128"></A>
If this parameter is set to a filename or directory name
and the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> variable
is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in
the specified file or Maildir-format directory.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX120"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX129"></A>
<DT><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX121"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX130"></A>
A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically checks
for new mail.
Each list entry can specify the message that is printed when new mail
-arrives in the mail file by separating the file name from the message with
+arrives in the mail file by separating the filename from the message with
a <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>.
When used in the text of the message, <CODE>$_</CODE> expands to the name of
the current mail file.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX122"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX131"></A>
<DT><CODE>OPTARG</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX123"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX132"></A>
The value of the last option argument processed by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX124"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX133"></A>
<DT><CODE>OPTIND</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX125"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX134"></A>
The index of the last option argument processed by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX126"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX135"></A>
<DT><CODE>PATH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX127"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX136"></A>
A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for
commands.
A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of <CODE>PATH</CODE> indicates the
or trailing colon.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX128"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX137"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS1</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX129"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX138"></A>
The primary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`\s-\v\$ '</SAMP>.
See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape
sequences that are expanded before <CODE>PS1</CODE> is displayed.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX130"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX139"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS2</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX131"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX140"></A>
The secondary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`> '</SAMP>.
<P>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 5.2 Bash Variables </H2>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX132"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX141"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX133"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX142"></A>
The full pathname used to execute the current instance of Bash.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX134"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX143"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX135"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX144"></A>
A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option to the
<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX136"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX145"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASHPID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX137"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX146"></A>
Expands to the process ID of the current Bash process.
This differs from <CODE>$$</CODE> under certain circumstances, such as subshells
that do not require Bash to be re-initialized.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX138"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX147"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX139"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX148"></A>
An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
list of aliases as maintained by the <CODE>alias</CODE> builtin.
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX140"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX149"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX141"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX150"></A>
An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of
parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
builtin).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX142"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX151"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX143"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX152"></A>
An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash
execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
builtin).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX144"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX153"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX145"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX154"></A>
An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
hash table of commands as maintained by the <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX146"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX155"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX147"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX156"></A>
The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the
shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX148"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX157"></A>
+<DT><CODE>BASH_COMPAT</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX158"></A>
+The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>, for a description of the various compatibility
+levels and their effects.
+The value may be a decimal number (e.g., 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42)
+corresponding to the desired compatibility level.
+If <CODE>BASH_COMPAT</CODE> is unset or set to the empty string, the compatibility
+level is set to the default for the current version.
+If <CODE>BASH_COMPAT</CODE> is set to a value that is not one of the valid
+compatibility levels, the shell prints an error message and sets the
+compatibility level to the default for the current version.
+The valid compatibility levels correspond to the compatibility options
+accepted by the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin described above (for example,
+<VAR>compat42</VAR> means that 4.2 and 42 are valid values).
+The current version is also a valid value.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX159"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX149"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX160"></A>
If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file
to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX150"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX161"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX151"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX162"></A>
The command argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX152"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX163"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX153"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX164"></A>
An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
where each corresponding member of <VAR>FUNCNAME</VAR> was invoked.
<CODE>${BASH_LINENO[$i]}</CODE> is the line number in the source file
Use <CODE>LINENO</CODE> to obtain the current line number.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX154"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX165"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX155"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX166"></A>
An array variable whose members are assigned by the <SAMP>`=~'</SAMP> binary
operator to the <CODE>[[</CODE> conditional command
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
This variable is read-only.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX156"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX167"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX157"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX168"></A>
An array variable whose members are the source filenames where the
corresponding shell function names in the <CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE> array
variable are defined.
<CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i]}</CODE> and called from <CODE>${BASH_SOURCE[$i+1]}</CODE>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX158"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX169"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX159"></A>
-Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX170"></A>
+Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment when
+the shell begins executing in that environment.
The initial value is 0.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX160"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX171"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX161"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX172"></A>
A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>)
whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash.
The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO[5]</CODE>
<DD>The value of <CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX162"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX173"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX163"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX174"></A>
The version number of the current instance of Bash.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX164"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX175"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX165"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX176"></A>
If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor, Bash
will write the trace output generated when <SAMP>`set -x'</SAMP>
is enabled to that file descriptor.
being closed.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX166"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX177"></A>
+<DT><CODE>CHILD_MAX</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX178"></A>
+Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to remember.
+Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below a POSIX-mandated
+minimum, and there is a maximum value (currently 8192) that this may
+not exceed.
+The minimum value is system-dependent.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX179"></A>
<DT><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX167"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX180"></A>
Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> command to determine the terminal width
-when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
+when printing selection lists.
+Automatically set if the <CODE>checkwinsize</CODE> option is enabled
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
<CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX168"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX181"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX169"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX182"></A>
An index into <CODE>${COMP_WORDS}</CODE> of the word containing the current
cursor position.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX170"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX183"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX171"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX184"></A>
The current command line.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX172"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX185"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX173"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX186"></A>
The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of
the current command.
If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command,
programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX174"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX187"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX175"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX188"></A>
Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion attempted
that caused a completion function to be called:
<VAR>TAB</VAR>, for normal completion,
programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX176"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX189"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX177"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX190"></A>
The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the current
completion function.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX178"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX191"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX179"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX192"></A>
The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
separators when performing word completion.
If <CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX180"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX193"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX181"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX194"></A>
An array variable consisting of the individual
words in the current command line.
The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using
programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX182"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX195"></A>
<DT><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX183"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX196"></A>
An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+Each array element contains one possible completion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX184"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX197"></A>
<DT><CODE>COPROC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX185"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX198"></A>
An array variable created to hold the file descriptors
for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX186"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX199"></A>
<DT><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX187"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX200"></A>
An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack.
Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the
<CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin.
it is subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX188"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX201"></A>
<DT><CODE>EMACS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX189"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX202"></A>
If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell
starts with value <SAMP>`t'</SAMP>, it assumes that the shell is running in an
Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX190"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX203"></A>
<DT><CODE>ENV</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX204"></A>
Similar to <CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE>; used when the shell is invoked in
POSIX Mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX192"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX205"></A>
<DT><CODE>EUID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX193"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX206"></A>
The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable
is readonly.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX194"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX207"></A>
<DT><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX195"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX208"></A>
The editor used as a default by the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>fc</CODE>
builtin command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX196"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX209"></A>
<DT><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX210"></A>
A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
filename completion.
-A file name whose suffix matches one of the entries in
+A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in
<CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>
-is excluded from the list of matched file names. A sample
+is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample
value is <SAMP>`.o:~'</SAMP>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX198"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX211"></A>
<DT><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX199"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX212"></A>
An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
currently in the execution call stack.
The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
information.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX200"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX213"></A>
<DT><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX214"></A>
If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function
nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level
will cause the current command to abort.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX202"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX215"></A>
<DT><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX216"></A>
A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
be ignored by filename expansion.
If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one
of matches.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX204"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX217"></A>
<DT><CODE>GROUPS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX218"></A>
An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
user is a member.
Assignments to <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> have no effect and return an error status.
subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX206"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX219"></A>
<DT><CODE>histchars</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX220"></A>
Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
-substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
The first character is the
<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, that is, the character which signifies the
start of a history expansion, normally <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. The second character is the
parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX208"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX221"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX222"></A>
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
command. If <CODE>HISTCMD</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX210"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX223"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX224"></A>
A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
the history list.
If the list of values includes <SAMP>`ignorespace'</SAMP>, lines which begin
<CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX212"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX225"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX226"></A>
The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The
default value is <TT>`~/.bash_history'</TT>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX214"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX227"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A>
-The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
-variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
-necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
-to contain no more than that number of lines.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX228"></A>
+The maximum number of lines contained in the history file.
+When this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated,
+if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines
+by removing the oldest entries.
The history file is also truncated to this size after
-writing it when an interactive shell exits.
-The default value is 500.
+writing it when a shell exits.
+If the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
+Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit truncation.
+The shell sets the default value to the value of <CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE>
+after reading any startup files.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX216"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX229"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX230"></A>
A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
provides the functionality of <CODE>ignoreboth</CODE>.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX218"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX231"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX232"></A>
The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list.
-The default value is 500.
+If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list.
+Numeric values less than zero result in every command being saved
+on the history list (there is no limit).
+The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX220"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX233"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX234"></A>
If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
for <VAR>strftime</VAR> to print the time stamp associated with each history
entry displayed by the <CODE>history</CODE> builtin.
other history lines.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX222"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX235"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX236"></A>
Contains the name of a file in the same format as <TT>`/etc/hosts'</TT> that
should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell
When <CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX224"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX237"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX238"></A>
The name of the current host.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX226"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX239"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX240"></A>
A string describing the machine Bash is running on.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX228"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX241"></A>
<DT><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX242"></A>
Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an <CODE>EOF</CODE> character
as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number
of consecutive <CODE>EOF</CODE> characters that can be read as the
input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX230"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX243"></A>
<DT><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX244"></A>
The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default
of <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX232"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX245"></A>
<DT><CODE>LANG</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX246"></A>
Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
selected with a variable starting with <CODE>LC_</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX234"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX247"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX248"></A>
This variable overrides the value of <CODE>LANG</CODE> and any other
<CODE>LC_</CODE> variable specifying a locale category.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX236"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX249"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX250"></A>
This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
results of filename expansion, and
determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes,
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX238"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX251"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX252"></A>
This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern
matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX240"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX253"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX254"></A>
This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
strings preceded by a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX242"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX255"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX256"></A>
This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX244"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX257"></A>
<DT><CODE>LINENO</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX258"></A>
The line number in the script or shell function currently executing.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX246"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX259"></A>
<DT><CODE>LINES</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX260"></A>
Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> command to determine the column length
-for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
+for printing selection lists.
+Automatically set if the <CODE>checkwinsize</CODE> option is enabled
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), or in an interactive shell upon receipt of a
<CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX248"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX261"></A>
<DT><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX262"></A>
A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash
is executing, in the standard GNU <VAR>cpu-company-system</VAR> format.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX250"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX263"></A>
<DT><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX264"></A>
How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the
files specified in the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> or <CODE>MAIL</CODE> variables.
The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX252"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX265"></A>
<DT><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX266"></A>
An array variable created to hold the text read by the
<CODE>mapfile</CODE> builtin when no variable name is supplied.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX254"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX267"></A>
<DT><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX268"></A>
The previous working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX256"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX269"></A>
<DT><CODE>OPTERR</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX270"></A>
If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages
generated by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX258"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX271"></A>
<DT><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX272"></A>
A string describing the operating system Bash is running on.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX260"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX273"></A>
<DT><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX274"></A>
An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>)
containing a list of exit status values from the processes
in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
contain only a single command).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX262"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX275"></A>
<DT><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A>
-If this variable is in the environment when <CODE>bash</CODE> starts, the shell
+<DD><A NAME="IDX276"></A>
+If this variable is in the environment when Bash starts, the shell
enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the
startup files, as if the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> invocation option had been supplied.
-If it is set while the shell is running, <CODE>bash</CODE> enables POSIX mode,
+If it is set while the shell is running, Bash enables POSIX mode,
as if the command
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>set -o posix</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table>had been executed.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX264"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX277"></A>
<DT><CODE>PPID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX278"></A>
The process ID of the shell's parent process. This variable
is readonly.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX266"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX279"></A>
<DT><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX280"></A>
If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
before the printing of each primary prompt (<CODE>$PS1</CODE>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX268"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX281"></A>
<DT><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX282"></A>
If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
trailing directory components to retain when expanding the <CODE>\w</CODE> and
<CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX270"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX283"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS3</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX284"></A>
The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the
<CODE>select</CODE> command. If this variable is not set, the
<CODE>select</CODE> command prompts with <SAMP>`#? '</SAMP>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX272"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX285"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS4</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX286"></A>
The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed
when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The first character of <CODE>PS4</CODE> is replicated multiple times, as
The default is <SAMP>`+ '</SAMP>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX274"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX287"></A>
<DT><CODE>PWD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX288"></A>
The current working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX276"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX289"></A>
<DT><CODE>RANDOM</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX277"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX290"></A>
Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer
between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this
variable seeds the random number generator.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX278"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX291"></A>
<DT><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX292"></A>
The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use
with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX280"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX293"></A>
<DT><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX294"></A>
The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use
with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX282"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX295"></A>
<DT><CODE>REPLY</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX296"></A>
The default variable for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX284"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX297"></A>
<DT><CODE>SECONDS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX298"></A>
This variable expands to the number of seconds since the
shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets
the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value
since the assignment.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX286"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX299"></A>
<DT><CODE>SHELL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX300"></A>
The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable.
If it is not set when the shell starts,
Bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX288"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX301"></A>
<DT><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX289"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX302"></A>
A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the
<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX290"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX303"></A>
<DT><CODE>SHLVL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX291"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX304"></A>
Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is
intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX292"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX305"></A>
<DT><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX293"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A>
The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the <CODE>time</CODE>
reserved word should be displayed.
A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX294"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX307"></A>
<DT><CODE>TMOUT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A>
If set to a value greater than zero, <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> is treated as the
default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
The <CODE>select</CODE> command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>) terminates
<P>
In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as
-the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary
-prompt when the shell is interactive.
-Bash terminates after that number of seconds if input does
-not arrive.
+the number of seconds to wait for a line of input after issuing
+the primary prompt.
+Bash
+terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if a complete
+line of input does not arrive.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX296"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX309"></A>
<DT><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A>
If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which
Bash creates temporary files for the shell's use.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX298"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX311"></A>
<DT><CODE>UID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX299"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX312"></A>
The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly.
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 6. Bash Features </H1>
<!--docid::SEC69::-->
<P>
-This section describes features unique to Bash.
+This chapter describes features unique to Bash.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing the various prompt strings.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what
the POSIX standard specifies.</TD></TR>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.1 Invoking Bash </H2>
<DT><CODE>--version</CODE>
<DD>Show version information for this instance of
Bash on the standard output and exit successfully.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<DT><CODE>-c <VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
-<DD>Read and execute commands from <VAR>string</VAR> after processing the
-options, then exit. Any remaining arguments are assigned to the
+<DT><CODE>-c</CODE>
+<DD>Read and execute commands from the first non-option <VAR>argument</VAR>
+after processing the options, then exit.
+Any remaining arguments are assigned to the
positional parameters, starting with <CODE>$0</CODE>.
<P>
<DD>A <CODE>--</CODE> signals the end of options and disables further option
processing.
Any arguments after the <CODE>--</CODE> are treated as filenames and arguments.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX300"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX313"></A>
A <EM>login</EM> shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, or one invoked with the <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> option.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX301"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX314"></A>
An <EM>interactive</EM> shell is one started without non-option arguments,
unless <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is specified,
without specifying the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option, and whose input and output are both
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.2 Bash Startup Files </H2>
This section describes how Bash executes its startup files.
If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error.
-Tildes are expanded in file names as described above under
+Tildes are expanded in filenames as described above under
Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
</P><P>
following command were executed:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table>but the value of the <CODE>PATH</CODE> variable is not used to search for the
-file name.
+filename.
</P><P>
As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the
It will not do this if invoked as <CODE>sh</CODE>.
The <SAMP>`--norc'</SAMP> option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
<SAMP>`--rcfile'</SAMP> option may be used to force another file to be read, but
-<CODE>rshd</CODE> does not generally invoke the shell with those options or
-allow them to be specified.
+neither <CODE>rshd</CODE> nor <CODE>sshd</CODE> generally invoke the shell with those
+options or allow them to be specified.
</P><P>
<A NAME="SEC78"></A>
<P>
If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
-real user (group) id, and the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is not supplied, no startup
+real user (group) id, and the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is not supplied, no startup
files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
the <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE>, <CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE>, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective
user id is set to the real user id.
-If the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
+If the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
</P><P>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.3 Interactive Shells </H2>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell? </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive? </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior </H3>
<P>
<LI>
-Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
-and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
+Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
are enabled by default.
Bash will save the command history to the file named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>
-when an interactive shell exits.
+when a shell with history enabled exits.
<P>
<LI>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions </H2>
descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
</P><P>
-When used with <SAMP>`[['</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort
+When used with <CODE>[[</CODE>, the <SAMP>`<'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`>'</SAMP> operators sort
lexicographically using the current locale.
The <CODE>test</CODE> command uses ASCII ordering.
</P><P>
<DD>True if the shell variable <VAR>varname</VAR> is set (has been assigned a value).
<P>
+<DT><CODE>-R <VAR>varname</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if the shell variable <VAR>varname</VAR> is set and is a name reference.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>-z <VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
<DD>True if the length of <VAR>string</VAR> is zero.
<P>
<DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> == <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
<DD><DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> = <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
<DD>True if the strings are equal.
-<SAMP>`='</SAMP> should be used with the <CODE>test</CODE> command for POSIX conformance.
+When used with the <CODE>[[</CODE> command, this performs pattern matching as
+described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>).
<P>
+<SAMP>`='</SAMP> should be used with the <CODE>test</CODE> command for POSIX conformance.
+</P><P>
+
<DT><CODE><VAR>string1</VAR> != <VAR>string2</VAR></CODE>
<DD>True if the strings are not equal.
<P>
greater than, or greater than or equal to <VAR>arg2</VAR>,
respectively. <VAR>Arg1</VAR> and <VAR>arg2</VAR>
may be positive or negative integers.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.5 Shell Arithmetic </H2>
A leading <SAMP>`0x'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`0X'</SAMP> denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise,
numbers take the form [<VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE>]<VAR>n</VAR>, where the optional <VAR>base</VAR>
is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic
-base, and <VAR>n</VAR> is a number in that base. If <VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE> is
-omitted, then base 10 is used.
-The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
+base, and <VAR>n</VAR> is a number in that base.
+If <VAR>base</VAR><CODE>#</CODE> is omitted, then base 10 is used.
+When specifying <VAR>n</VAR>,
+he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
the uppercase letters, <SAMP>`@'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`_'</SAMP>, in that order.
If <VAR>base</VAR> is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers between 10
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.6 Aliases </H2>
is not expanded a second time.
This means that one may alias <CODE>ls</CODE> to <CODE>"ls -F"</CODE>,
for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively expand the
-replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a
-space or tab character, then the next command word following the
+replacement text.
+If the last character of the alias value is a
+<VAR>blank</VAR>, then the next command word following the
alias is also checked for alias expansion.
</P><P>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.7 Arrays </H2>
limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
be indexed or assigned contiguously.
Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic
-expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) and are zero-based;
+expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>)) and are zero-based;
associative arrays use arbitrary strings.
+Unless otherwise noted, indexed array indices must be non-negative integers.
</P><P>
An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
using the syntax
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>name[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=<VAR>value</VAR>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=<VAR>value</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
The <VAR>subscript</VAR>
is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number.
-If <VAR>subscript</VAR> evaluates to a number less than zero, it is used as
-an offset from one greater than the array's maximum index (so a subcript
-of -1 refers to the last element of the array).
To explicitly declare an array, use
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare -a <VAR>name</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table>The syntax
</P><P>
Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>name=(value<VAR>1</VAR> <small>...</small> value<VAR>n</VAR>)
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR>=(<VAR>value1</VAR> <VAR>value2</VAR> <small>...</small> )
</pre></td></tr></table>where each
<VAR>value</VAR> is of the form <CODE>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=</CODE><VAR>string</VAR>.
-Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket and subscript.
+Indexed array assignments do not require anything but <VAR>string</VAR>.
When assigning to indexed arrays, if
the optional subscript is supplied, that index is assigned to;
otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
This syntax is also accepted by the <CODE>declare</CODE>
builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
-<CODE>name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]=</CODE><VAR>value</VAR> syntax introduced above.
+<CODE><VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=<VAR>value</VAR></CODE> syntax introduced above.
+</P><P>
+
+When assigning to an indexed array, if <VAR>name</VAR>
+is subscripted by a negative number, that number is
+interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
+<VAR>name</VAR>, so negative indices count back from the end of the
+array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
</P><P>
Any element of an array may be referenced using
-<CODE>${name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>.
+<CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]}</CODE>.
The braces are required to avoid
conflicts with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the
<VAR>subscript</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, the word expands to all members
of the array <VAR>name</VAR>. These subscripts differ only when the word
appears within double quotes.
If the word is double-quoted,
-<CODE>${name[*]}</CODE> expands to a single word with
+<CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[*]}</CODE> expands to a single word with
the value of each array member separated by the first character of the
-<CODE>IFS</CODE> variable, and <CODE>${name[@]}</CODE> expands each element of
+<CODE>IFS</CODE> variable, and <CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}</CODE> expands each element of
<VAR>name</VAR> to a separate word. When there are no array members,
-<CODE>${name[@]}</CODE> expands to nothing.
+<CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}</CODE> expands to nothing.
If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
part of the original word.
This is analogous to the
expansion of the special parameters <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>.
-<CODE>${#name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE> expands to the length of
-<CODE>${name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>.
+<CODE>${#<VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]}</CODE> expands to the length of
+<CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]}</CODE>.
If <VAR>subscript</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or
<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, the expansion is the number of elements in the array.
Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to
referencing with a subscript of 0.
+If the <VAR>subscript</VAR>
+used to reference an element of an indexed array
+evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
+interpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array,
+so negative indices count back from the end of the array,
+and an index of -1 refers to the last element.
</P><P>
An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
value. The null string is a valid value.
</P><P>
+It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the values.
+${!<VAR>name</VAR>[@]} and ${!<VAR>name</VAR>[*]} expand to the indices
+assigned in array variable <VAR>name</VAR>.
+The treatment when in double quotes is similar to the expansion of the
+special parameters <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> within double quotes.
+</P><P>
+
The <CODE>unset</CODE> builtin is used to destroy arrays.
-<CODE>unset</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]
+<CODE>unset <VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]</CODE>
destroys the array element at index <VAR>subscript</VAR>.
+Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted as described above.
Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename
expansion.
-<CODE>unset</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR>, where <VAR>name</VAR> is an array, removes the
-entire array. A subscript of <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> also removes the
+<CODE>unset <VAR>name</VAR></CODE>, where <VAR>name</VAR> is an array, removes the
+entire array. A subscript of <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> also removes the
entire array.
</P><P>
The <CODE>declare</CODE>, <CODE>local</CODE>, and <CODE>readonly</CODE>
builtins each accept a <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option to specify an indexed
array and a <SAMP>`-A'</SAMP> option to specify an associative array.
+If both options are supplied, <SAMP>`-A'</SAMP> takes precedence.
The <CODE>read</CODE> builtin accepts a <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP>
option to assign a list of words read from the standard input
to an array, and can read values from the standard input into
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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<H2> 6.8 The Directory Stack </H2>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins </H3>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>dirs</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX302"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>dirs [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-clpv]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
+<DD><A NAME="IDX315"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>dirs [-clpv] [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
are added to the list with the <CODE>pushd</CODE> command; the
<CODE>popd</CODE> command removes directories from the list.
+</P><P>
+
<DL COMPACT>
-<DT><CODE>+<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
-<DD>Displays the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the left of the
-list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE> when invoked without options), starting
-with zero.
-<DT><CODE>-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
-<DD>Displays the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the right of the
-list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE> when invoked without options), starting
-with zero.
<DT><CODE>-c</CODE>
<DD>Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements.
<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
-<DD>Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a
-tilde to denote the home directory.
+<DD>Produces a listing using full pathnames;
+the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
<DD>Causes <CODE>dirs</CODE> to print the directory stack with one entry per
line.
<DT><CODE>-v</CODE>
<DD>Causes <CODE>dirs</CODE> to print the directory stack with one entry per
line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+<DT><CODE>+<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Displays the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE> when invoked without options), starting
+with zero.
+<DT><CODE>-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Displays the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE> when invoked without options), starting
+with zero.
</DL>
<P>
<DT><CODE>popd</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>popd [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-n]
+<DD><A NAME="IDX316"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>popd [-n] [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Remove the top entry from the directory stack, and <CODE>cd</CODE>
removes the top directory from the stack and
performs a <CODE>cd</CODE> to the new top directory. The
elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with
-<CODE>dirs</CODE>; i.e., <CODE>popd</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>popd +0</CODE>.
+<CODE>dirs</CODE>; that is, <CODE>popd</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>popd +0</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
+from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
<DT><CODE>+<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
<DD>Removes the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the left of the
list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>), starting with zero.
<DT><CODE>-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
<DD>Removes the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the right of the
list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>), starting with zero.
-<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
-<DD>Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
-from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX304"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX317"></A>
<DT><CODE>pushd</CODE>
-<DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pushd [-n] [<VAR>+N</VAR> | <VAR>-N</VAR> | <VAR>dir</VAR> ]
+<DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pushd [-n] [<VAR>+N</VAR> | <VAR>-N</VAR> | <VAR>dir</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack
list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>, starting with zero) to the top of
the list by rotating the stack.
<DT><CODE><VAR>dir</VAR></CODE>
-<DD>Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, and then
-executes the equivalent of `<CODE>cd</CODE> <VAR>dir</VAR>'.
-<CODE>cd</CODE>s to <VAR>dir</VAR>.
+<DD>Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, making
+it the new current directory as if it had been supplied as an argument
+to the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
</DL>
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="Printing a Prompt"></A>
+<A NAME="Controlling the Prompt"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC89"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.9 Controlling the Prompt </H2>
</P><P>
In addition, the following table describes the special characters which
-can appear in the prompt variables:
+can appear in the prompt variables <CODE>PS1</CODE> to <CODE>PS4</CODE>:
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
The command number and the history number are usually different:
the history number of a command is its position in the history
list, which may include commands restored from the history file
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current
shell session.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.10 The Restricted Shell </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.11 Bash POSIX Mode </H2>
<P>
<LI>
+The <CODE>command</CODE> builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment
+statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements;
+when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment
+statement expansion properties when preceded by <CODE>command</CODE>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
The default history file is <TT>`~/.sh_history'</TT> (this is the
default value of <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>).
<P>
<P>
<LI>
+Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special
+builtins.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions
during command lookup.
<P>
<P>
<LI>
-A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable
+A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a special
builtin, but not with any other simple command.
<P>
<P>
<LI>
+While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to the
+<SAMP>`#'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`?'</SAMP> special parameters.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins
persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
<P>
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
<P>
+<LI>
+The <CODE>read</CODE> builtin may be interrupted by a signal for which a trap
+has been set.
+If Bash receives a trapped signal while executing <CODE>read</CODE>, the trap
+handler executes and <CODE>read</CODE> returns an exit status greater than 128.
+<P>
+
</OL>
<P>
Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying
the <SAMP>`--enable-strict-posix-default'</SAMP> to <CODE>configure</CODE> when building
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
</P><P>
<A NAME="Job Control"></A>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 7. Job Control </H1>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.1 Job Control Basics </H2>
A job may also be referred to
using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring
that appears in its command line. For example, <SAMP>`%ce'</SAMP> refers
-to a stopped <CODE>ce</CODE> job. Using <SAMP>`%?ce'</SAMP>, on the
+to a stopped <CODE>ce</CODE> job. Using <SAMP>`%?ce'</SAMP>, on the
other hand, refers to any job containing the string <SAMP>`ce'</SAMP> in
its command line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job,
Bash reports an error.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.2 Job Control Builtins </H2>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>bg</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX305"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX318"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Resume each suspended job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the background, as if it
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Resume each suspended job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the background, as if it
had been started with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>.
If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the current job is used.
The return status is zero unless it is run when job control is not
enabled, or, when run with job control enabled, any
<VAR>jobspec</VAR> was not found or specifies a job
that was started without job control.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>fg</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>fg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Resume the job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the foreground and make it the current job.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Resume the job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the foreground and make it the current job.
If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the current job is used.
The return status is that of the command placed into the foreground,
or non-zero if run when job control is disabled or, when run with
job control enabled, <VAR>jobspec</VAR> does not specify a valid job or
<VAR>jobspec</VAR> specifies a job that was started without job control.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>jobs</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>jobs [-lnprs] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
jobs -x <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
-<DD>Restrict output to running jobs.
+<DD>Display only running jobs.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
-<DD>Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+<DD>Display only stopped jobs.
</DL>
<P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>kill</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX321"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>kill [-s <VAR>sigspec</VAR>] [-n <VAR>signum</VAR>] [-<VAR>sigspec</VAR>] <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR>
kill -l [<VAR>exit_status</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Send a signal specified by <VAR>sigspec</VAR> or <VAR>signum</VAR> to the process
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Send a signal specified by <VAR>sigspec</VAR> or <VAR>signum</VAR> to the process
named by job specification <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or process ID <VAR>pid</VAR>.
<VAR>sigspec</VAR> is either a case-insensitive signal name such as
<CODE>SIGINT</CODE> (with or without the <CODE>SIG</CODE> prefix)
status of a process terminated by a signal.
The return status is zero if at least one signal was successfully sent,
or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>wait</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>wait [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> ...]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Wait until the child process specified by each process ID <VAR>pid</VAR>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>wait [-n] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Wait until the child process specified by each process ID <VAR>pid</VAR>
or job specification <VAR>jobspec</VAR> exits and return the exit status of the
last command waited for.
If a job spec is given, all processes in the job are waited for.
If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are
waited for, and the return status is zero.
+If the <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option is supplied, <CODE>wait</CODE> waits for any job to
+terminate and returns its exit status.
If neither <VAR>jobspec</VAR> nor <VAR>pid</VAR> specifies an active child process
of the shell, the return status is 127.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>disown</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>disown [-ar] [-h] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Without options, each <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is removed from the table of
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Without options, remove each <VAR>jobspec</VAR> from the table of
active jobs.
If the <SAMP>`-h'</SAMP> option is given, the job is not removed from the table,
but is marked so that <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> is not sent to the job if the shell
receives a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>.
-If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not present, and neither the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP>
-option is supplied, the current job is used.
+If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not present, and neither the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> nor the
+<SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option is supplied, the current job is used.
If no <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is supplied, the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option means to remove or
mark all jobs; the <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option without a <VAR>jobspec</VAR>
argument restricts operation to running jobs.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>suspend</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>suspend [-f]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
<CODE>SIGCONT</CODE> signal.
A login shell cannot be suspended; the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>
option can be used to override this and force the suspension.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.3 Job Control Variables </H2>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX312"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX325"></A>
<DT><CODE>auto_resume</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A>
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
job control. If this variable exists then single word simple
commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX314"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX327"></A>
</P><P>
<A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 8. Command Line Editing </H1>
a specific command.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to
complete arguments for a particular command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">8.8 A Programmable Completion Example</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example shell function for
+ generating possible completions.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.2 Readline Interaction </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3>
<!--docid::SEC101::-->
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX315"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX316"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX328"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX329"></A>
</P><P>
<EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save
ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously
typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing
another line.
-<A NAME="IDX317"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX330"></A>
</P><P>
Here is the list of commands for killing text.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3>
<P>
Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
for lines containing a specified string.
There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>.
</P><P>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.3 Readline Init File </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3>
variables.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX318"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX331"></A>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A>
Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell. If set to
<SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
<P>
<DT><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX333"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their Readline
equivalents.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>colored-stats</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX334"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline displays possible completions using different
+colors to indicate their file type.
+The color definitions are taken from the value of the <CODE>LS_COLORS</CODE>
+environment variable.
+The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX321"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A>
The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
<CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed. The default value
is <CODE>"#"</CODE>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX336"></A>
The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
when performing completion.
The value is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX337"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX338"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, and <VAR>completion-ignore-case</VAR> is enabled, Readline
treats hyphens (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>) and underscores (<SAMP>`_'</SAMP>) as equivalent when
performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A>
The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification. When set to a
value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX340"></A>
The number of possible completions that determines when the user is
asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed.
If the number of possible completions is greater than this value,
<P>
<DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX341"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the
eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth
bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a
<P>
<DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX342"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion.
Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had
been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX329"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A>
The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of
key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing
mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be
<P>
<DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX344"></A>
When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application
keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
arrow keys. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX331"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline
attempts word completion. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX346"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, the history code attempts to place the point (the
current cursor position) at the
same location on each history line retrieved with <CODE>previous-history</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>history-size</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX333"></A>
-Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If
-set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A>
+Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list.
+If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted and no new entries
+are saved.
+If set to a value less than zero, the number of history entries is not
+limited.
+By default, the number of history entries is not limited.
<P>
<DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX334"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX348"></A>
This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. Setting it
to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll
horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width
<P>
<DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX336"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX349"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX350"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it
will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The
<P>
<DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX337"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX351"></A>
The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without
subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
<P>
<DT><CODE>keymap</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX338"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX352"></A>
Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands.
Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are
<CODE>emacs</CODE>,
default keymap.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>keyseq-timeout</CODE>
+<DD>Specifies the duration Readline will wait for a character when reading an
+ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete key sequence using
+the input read so far, or can take additional input to complete a longer
+key sequence).
+If no input is received within the timeout, Readline will use the shorter
+but complete key sequence.
+Readline uses this value to determine whether or not input is
+available on the current input source (<CODE>rl_instream</CODE> by default).
+The value is specified in milliseconds, so a value of 1000 means that
+Readline will wait one second for additional input.
+If this variable is set to a value less than or equal to zero, or to a
+non-numeric value, Readline will wait until another key is pressed to
+decide which key sequence to complete.
+The default value is <CODE>500</CODE>.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>mark-directories</CODE>
<DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed directory names have a slash
appended. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX353"></A>
This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an
asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified.
This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX340"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX354"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed names which are symbolic links
to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
<CODE>mark-directories</CODE>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX341"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX355"></A>
This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to match files whose
names begin with a <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> (hidden files) when performing filename
completion.
<P>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX342"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX356"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling through
the list. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX357"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the
eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
sequence. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>page-completions</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX344"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX358"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline uses an internal <CODE>more</CODE>-like pager
to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX359"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when <CODE>accept-line</CODE> is executed. By default,
history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
<P>
<DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX346"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX360"></A>
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If
set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>,
words which have more than one possible completion cause the
<P>
<DT><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX361"></A>
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to <VAR>show-all-if-ambiguous</VAR>.
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>,
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>show-mode-in-prompt</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX362"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, add a character to the beginning of the prompt
+indicating the editing mode: emacs (<SAMP>`@'</SAMP>), vi command (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>),
+or vi insertion (<SAMP>`+'</SAMP>).
+The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX348"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX363"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, readline
<P>
<DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX349"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX364"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type
is appended to the filename when listing possible
completions. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.3 Sample Init File </H3>
# You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r.
# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
#
-# First, include any systemwide bindings and variable
+# First, include any system-wide bindings and variable
# assignments from /etc/Inputrc
$include /etc/Inputrc
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3>
<!--docid::SEC109::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX350"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX365"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX351"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX366"></A>
Move to the start of the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX352"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX367"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX353"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX368"></A>
Move to the end of the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX354"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX369"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX355"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX370"></A>
Move forward a character.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX356"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX371"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX357"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX372"></A>
Move back a character.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX358"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX373"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX359"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX374"></A>
Move forward to the end of the next word.
Words are composed of letters and digits.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX360"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX375"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX361"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX376"></A>
Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
Words are composed of letters and digits.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX362"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX377"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX363"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX378"></A>
Move forward to the end of the next word.
Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX364"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX379"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX365"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX380"></A>
Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX366"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX381"></A>
<DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX367"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX382"></A>
Clear the screen and redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX368"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX383"></A>
<DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX369"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX384"></A>
Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3>
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX370"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX385"></A>
<DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX371"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX386"></A>
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is.
If this line is
non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of
to its original state.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX372"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX387"></A>
<DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX373"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX388"></A>
Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX374"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX389"></A>
<DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX375"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX390"></A>
Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX376"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX391"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-<)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX377"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX392"></A>
Move to the first line in the history.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX378"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX393"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-of-history (M->)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX379"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX394"></A>
Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX380"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX395"></A>
<DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX381"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX396"></A>
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX382"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX397"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX383"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX398"></A>
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX384"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX399"></A>
<DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX385"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX400"></A>
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
for a string supplied by the user.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX386"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX401"></A>
<DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX387"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX402"></A>
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
for a string supplied by the user.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX388"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX403"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX389"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX404"></A>
Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
+The search string must match at the beginning of a history line.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX390"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX405"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX391"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX406"></A>
+Search backward through the history for the string of characters
+between the start of the current line and the point.
+The search string must match at the beginning of a history line.
+This is a non-incremental search.
+By default, this command is unbound.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX407"></A>
+<DT><CODE>history-substr-search-forward ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX408"></A>
+Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+between the start of the current line and the point.
+The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
+This is a non-incremental search.
+By default, this command is unbound.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX409"></A>
+<DT><CODE>history-substr-search-backward ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX410"></A>
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
-between the start of the current line and the point. This
-is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound.
+between the start of the current line and the point.
+The search string may match anywhere in a history line.
+This is a non-incremental search.
+By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX392"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX411"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX393"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX412"></A>
Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
the second word on the previous line) at point.
With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>,
as if the <SAMP>`!<VAR>n</VAR>'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX394"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX413"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX395"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX414"></A>
Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the
previous history entry).
With a numeric argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>.
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3>
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX396"></A>
+
+<A NAME="IDX415"></A>
+<DT><CODE><I>end-of-file</I> (usually C-d)</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX416"></A>
+The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
+<CODE>stty</CODE>. If this character is read when there are no characters
+on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line, Readline
+interprets it as the end of input and returns EOF.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX417"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX397"></A>
-Delete the character at point. If point is at the
-beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and
-the last character typed was not bound to <CODE>delete-char</CODE>, then
-return EOF.
+<DD><A NAME="IDX418"></A>
+Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
+same character as the tty EOF character, as <KBD>C-d</KBD>
+commonly is, see above for the effects.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX398"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX419"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX399"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX420"></A>
Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means
to kill the characters instead of deleting them.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX400"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX421"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX401"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX422"></A>
Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the
end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is
deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX402"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX423"></A>
<DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX403"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX424"></A>
Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is
how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX404"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX425"></A>
<DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX405"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX426"></A>
Insert yourself.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX406"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX427"></A>
<DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX407"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX428"></A>
Drag the character before the cursor forward over
the character at the cursor, moving the
cursor forward as well. If the insertion point
Negative arguments have no effect.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX408"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX429"></A>
<DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX409"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX430"></A>
Drag the word before point past the word after point,
moving point past that word as well.
If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes
the last two words on the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX410"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX431"></A>
<DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX411"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX432"></A>
Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX412"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX433"></A>
<DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX413"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX434"></A>
Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX414"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX435"></A>
<DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX415"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX436"></A>
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX416"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX437"></A>
<DT><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX417"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX438"></A>
Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument,
switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric
argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX418"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX439"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX419"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX440"></A>
Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX420"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX441"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX421"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX442"></A>
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX422"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX443"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX423"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX444"></A>
Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX424"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX445"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX425"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX446"></A>
Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
By default, this is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX426"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX447"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX427"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX448"></A>
Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
words, to the end of the next word.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX428"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX449"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX429"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX450"></A>
Kill the word behind point.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX430"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX451"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX431"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX452"></A>
Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
words, to the end of the next word.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-forward-word</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX432"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX453"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX433"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX454"></A>
Kill the word behind point.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-backward-word</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX434"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX455"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX435"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX456"></A>
Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX436"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX457"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX437"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX458"></A>
Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character
as the word boundaries.
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX438"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX459"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX439"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX460"></A>
Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX440"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX461"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX441"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX462"></A>
Kill the text in the current region.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX442"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX463"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX443"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX464"></A>
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked
right away. By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX444"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX465"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX445"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX466"></A>
Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX446"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX467"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX447"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX468"></A>
Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX448"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX469"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX449"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX470"></A>
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX450"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX471"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX451"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX472"></A>
Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if
the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>.
</DL>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3>
<!--docid::SEC113::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX452"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX473"></A>
<DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX453"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX474"></A>
Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
argument. <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX454"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX475"></A>
<DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX455"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX476"></A>
This is another way to specify an argument.
If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3>
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX456"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX477"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX457"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX478"></A>
Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.
The actual completion performed is application-specific.
Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the
of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX458"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX479"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX459"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX480"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point.
When displaying completions, Readline sets the number of columns used
for display to the value of <CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>, the value of
the environment variable <CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>, or the screen width, in that order.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX460"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX481"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX461"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX482"></A>
Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX462"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX483"></A>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX463"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX484"></A>
Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed
with a single match from the list of possible completions.
Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list
by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX464"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX485"></A>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX465"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX486"></A>
Identical to <CODE>menu-complete</CODE>, but moves backward through the list
of possible completions, as if <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> had been given a
negative argument.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX466"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX487"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX467"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX488"></A>
Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or
end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>).
If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX468"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX489"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX469"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX490"></A>
Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX470"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX491"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX471"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX492"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a filename.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX472"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX493"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX473"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX494"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a username.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX474"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX495"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX475"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX496"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a username.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX476"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX497"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX477"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX498"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX478"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX499"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX479"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX500"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a shell variable.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX480"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX501"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX481"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX502"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX482"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX503"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX483"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX504"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a hostname.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX484"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX505"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX485"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX506"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a command name. Command completion attempts to
match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell
in that order.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX486"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX507"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX487"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX508"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a command name.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX488"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX509"></A>
<DT><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX489"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX510"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing
the text against lines from the history list for possible
completion matches.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX490"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX511"></A>
<DT><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX491"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX512"></A>
Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing
the text against lines from the history list for possible
completion matches.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX492"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX513"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX493"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX514"></A>
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions
enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3>
<!--docid::SEC115::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX494"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX515"></A>
<DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX495"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX516"></A>
Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX496"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX517"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX497"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX518"></A>
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and save the definition.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX498"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX519"></A>
<DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX499"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX520"></A>
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
<P>
+<A NAME="IDX521"></A>
+<DT><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX522"></A>
+Print the last keboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
+<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.
+<P>
+
</DL>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3>
<!--docid::SEC116::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX500"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX523"></A>
<DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX501"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX524"></A>
Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate
any bindings or variable assignments found there.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX502"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX525"></A>
<DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX503"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX526"></A>
Abort the current editing command and
ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
<CODE>bell-style</CODE>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX504"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX527"></A>
<DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX505"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX528"></A>
If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command
that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX506"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX529"></A>
<DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX530"></A>
Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards
without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing
<KBD>M-f</KBD>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX508"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX531"></A>
<DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX509"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX532"></A>
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX510"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX533"></A>
<DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX534"></A>
Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE>
command enough times to get back to the beginning.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX512"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX535"></A>
<DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX536"></A>
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX514"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX537"></A>
<DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX538"></A>
Set the mark to the point. If a
numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX516"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX539"></A>
<DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX517"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX540"></A>
Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX518"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX541"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX519"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX542"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX520"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX543"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX521"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX544"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence
of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent
occurrences.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX522"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX545"></A>
<DT><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX523"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX546"></A>
Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those
defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a
Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this sequence is
but usually bound to ESC-[.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX524"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX547"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX525"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX548"></A>
Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
will be executed by the shell.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX526"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX549"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX527"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX550"></A>
Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX528"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX551"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX529"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX552"></A>
Print all of the settable variables and their values to the
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX530"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX553"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX531"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX554"></A>
Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX532"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX555"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX533"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX556"></A>
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to
generate a list of matching file names for possible completions.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX534"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX557"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX535"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX558"></A>
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word.
If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
pathname expansion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX536"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX559"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX537"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX560"></A>
The list of expansions that would have been generated by
<CODE>glob-expand-word</CODE> is displayed, and the line is redrawn.
If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
pathname expansion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX538"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX561"></A>
<DT><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX539"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX562"></A>
Display version information about the current instance of Bash.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX540"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX563"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX541"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX564"></A>
Expand the line as the shell does.
This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX542"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX565"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX543"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX566"></A>
Perform history expansion on the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX544"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX567"></A>
<DT><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX545"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX568"></A>
Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX546"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX569"></A>
<DT><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX547"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX570"></A>
Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX548"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX571"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX549"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX572"></A>
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX550"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX573"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX551"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX574"></A>
A synonym for <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX552"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX575"></A>
<DT><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX553"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX576"></A>
Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
argument is ignored.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX554"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX577"></A>
<DT><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX555"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX578"></A>
Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell
commands.
Bash attempts to invoke
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.5 Readline vi Mode </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.6 Programmable Completion </H2>
assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
If a shell function is being invoked, the <CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE> and
<CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE> variables are also set.
-When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the
+When the function or command is invoked, the first argument ($1) is the
name of the command whose arguments are being completed, the
-second argument is the word being completed, and the third argument
-is the word preceding the word being completed on the current command line.
+second argument ($2) is the word being completed, and the third argument
+($3) is the word preceding the word being completed on the current command
+line.
No filtering of the generated completions against the word being completed
is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating
the matches.
<CODE>compgen</CODE> and <CODE>compopt</CODE> builtins described below
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches.
It must put the possible completions in the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array
-variable.
+variable, one per array element.
</P><P>
Next, any command specified with the <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> option is invoked
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>_completion_loader()
{
- . "/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124
+ . "/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124
}
-complete -D -F _completion_loader
+complete -D -F _completion_loader -o bashdefault -o default
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<A NAME="Programmable Completion Builtins"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins </H2>
<!--docid::SEC119::-->
<P>
-Two builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion
-facilities.
+Three builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion
+facilities: one to specify how the arguments to a particular command are to
+be completed, and two to modify the completion as it is happening.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>compgen</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX556"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX579"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compgen [<VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>word</VAR>]</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>complete</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX557"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX580"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <VAR>comp-option</VAR>] [-DE] [-A <VAR>action</VAR>] [-G <VAR>globpat</VAR>] [-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR>]
[-F <VAR>function</VAR>] [-C <VAR>command</VAR>] [-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR>]
[-P <VAR>prefix</VAR>] [-S <VAR>suffix</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE>
with <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP>.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>noquote</CODE>
+<DD>Tell Readline not to quote the completed words if they are filenames
+(quoting filenames is the default).
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>nospace</CODE>
<DD>Tell Readline not to append a space (the default) to words completed at
the end of the line.
<DT><CODE>-F <VAR>function</VAR></CODE>
<DD>The shell function <VAR>function</VAR> is executed in the current shell
environment.
+When it is executed, $1 is the name of the command whose arguments are
+being completed, $2 is the word being completed, and $3 is the word
+preceding the word being completed, as described above
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value
of the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array variable.
<P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>compopt</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX558"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX581"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compopt</CODE> [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-DE] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Modify completion options for each <VAR>name</VAR> according to the
<VAR>option</VAR>s, or for the currently-executing completion if no <VAR>name</VAR>s
blank line.
<P>
-The <SAMP>`-D'</SAMP> option takes precedence over <SAMP>`-E'</SAMP>.
+The <SAMP>`-D'</SAMP> option takes precedence over <SAMP>`-E'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
+is made to modify the options for a <VAR>name</VAR> for which no completion
+specification exists, or an output error occurs.
+</P><P>
+
+</DL>
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="A Programmable Completion Example"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC120"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 8.8 A Programmable Completion Example </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC120::-->
+<P>
+
+The most common way to obtain additional completion functionality beyond
+the default actions <CODE>complete</CODE> and <CODE>compgen</CODE> provide is to use
+a shell function and bind it to a particular command using <CODE>complete -F</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+The following function provides completions for the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
+It is a reasonably good example of what shell functions must do when
+used for completion. This function uses the word passsed as <CODE>$2</CODE>
+to determine the directory name to complete. You can also use the
+<CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE> array variable; the current word is indexed by the
+<CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE> variable.
+</P><P>
+
+The function relies on the <CODE>complete</CODE> and <CODE>compgen</CODE> builtins
+to do much of the work, adding only the things that the Bash <CODE>cd</CODE>
+does beyond accepting basic directory names:
+tilde expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>),
+searching directories in <VAR>$CDPATH</VAR>, which is described above
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>),
+and basic support for the <CODE>cdable_vars</CODE> shell option
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>_comp_cd</CODE> modifies the value of <VAR>IFS</VAR> so that it contains only
+a newline to accommodate file names containing spaces and tabs --
+<CODE>compgen</CODE> prints the possible completions it generates one per line.
+</P><P>
+
+Possible completions go into the <VAR>COMPREPLY</VAR> array variable, one
+completion per array element. The programmable completion system retrieves
+the completions from there when the function returns.
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre># A completion function for the cd builtin
+# based on the cd completion function from the bash_completion package
+_comp_cd()
+{
+ local IFS=$' \t\n' # normalize IFS
+ local cur _skipdot _cdpath
+ local i j k
+
+ # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname
+ case "$2" in
+ \~*) eval cur="$2" ;;
+ *) cur=$2 ;;
+ esac
+
+ # no cdpath or absolute pathname -- straight directory completion
+ if [[ -z "${CDPATH:-}" ]] || [[ "$cur" == @(./*|../*|/*) ]]; then
+ # compgen prints paths one per line; could also use while loop
+ IFS=$'\n'
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
+ IFS=$' \t\n'
+ # CDPATH+directories in the current directory if not in CDPATH
+ else
+ IFS=$'\n'
+ _skipdot=false
+ # preprocess CDPATH to convert null directory names to .
+ _cdpath=${CDPATH/#:/.:}
+ _cdpath=${_cdpath//::/:.:}
+ _cdpath=${_cdpath/%:/:.}
+ for i in ${_cdpath//:/$'\n'}; do
+ if [[ $i -ef . ]]; then _skipdot=true; fi
+ k="${#COMPREPLY[@]}"
+ for j in $( compgen -d -- "$i/$cur" ); do
+ COMPREPLY[k++]=${j#$i/} # cut off directory
+ done
+ done
+ $_skipdot || COMPREPLY+=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
+ IFS=$' \t\n'
+ fi
+
+ # variable names if appropriate shell option set and no completions
+ if shopt -q cdable_vars && [[ ${#COMPREPLY[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -v -- "$cur") )
+ fi
+
+ return 0
+}
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+We install the completion function using the <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to
+<CODE>complete</CODE>:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre># Tell readline to quote appropriate and append slashes to directories;
+# use the bash default completion for other arguments
+complete -o filenames -o nospace -o bashdefault -F _comp_cd cd
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Since we'd like Bash and Readline to take care of some
+of the other details for us, we use several other options to tell Bash
+and Readline what to do. The <SAMP>`-o filenames'</SAMP> option tells Readline
+that the possible completions should be treated as filenames, and quoted
+appropriately. That option will also cause Readline to append a slash to
+filenames it can determine are directories (which is why we might want to
+extend <CODE>_comp_cd</CODE> to append a slash if we're using directories found
+via <VAR>CDPATH</VAR>: Readline can't tell those completions are directories).
+The <SAMP>`-o nospace'</SAMP> option tells Readline to not append a space
+character to the directory name, in case we want to append to it.
+The <SAMP>`-o bashdefault'</SAMP> option brings in the rest of the "Bash default"
+completions -- possible completion that Bash adds to the default Readline
+set. These include things like command name completion, variable completion
+for words beginning with <SAMP>`{'</SAMP>, completions containing pathname
+expansion patterns (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>), and so on.
</P><P>
-The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
-is made to modify the options for a <VAR>name</VAR> for which no completion
-specification exists, or an output error occurs.
+Once installed using <CODE>complete</CODE>, <CODE>_comp_cd</CODE> will be called every
+time we attempt word completion for a <CODE>cd</CODE> command.
</P><P>
-</DL>
-<P>
+Many more examples -- an extensive collection of completions for most of
+the common GNU, Unix, and Linux commands -- are available as part of the
+bash_completion project. This is installed by default on many GNU/Linux
+distributions. Originally written by Ian Macdonald, the project now lives
+at <A HREF="http://bash-completion.alioth.debian.org/">http://bash-completion.alioth.debian.org/</A>. There are ports for
+other systems such as Solaris and Mac OS X.
+</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX559"></A>
+An older version of the bash_completion package is distributed with bash
+in the <TT>`examples/complete'</TT> subdirectory.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX582"></A>
</P><P>
<A NAME="Using History Interactively"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC120"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC121"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 9. Using History Interactively </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC120::-->
+<!--docid::SEC121::-->
<P>
This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
history.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
the command history.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Bash History Facilities"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC121"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC122"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.1 Bash History Facilities </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC121::-->
+<!--docid::SEC122::-->
<P>
When the <SAMP>`-o history'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
The file named by the value of <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE> is truncated, if
necessary, to contain no more than the number of lines specified by
the value of the <CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> variable.
-When an interactive shell exits, the last
+When a shell with history enabled exits, the last
<CODE>$HISTSIZE</CODE> lines are copied from the history list to the file
named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>.
If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>),
the lines are appended to the history file,
otherwise the history file is overwritten.
If <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
-is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
-not saved. After saving the history, the history file is truncated
-to contain no more than <CODE>$HISTFILESIZE</CODE>
-lines. If <CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> is not set, no truncation is performed.
+is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is not saved.
+After saving the history, the history file is truncated
+to contain no more than <CODE>$HISTFILESIZE</CODE> lines.
+If <CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or
+a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.
</P><P>
If the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> is set, the time stamp information
<A NAME="Bash History Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC122"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC123"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> < </A>]</TD>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.2 Bash History Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC122::-->
+<!--docid::SEC123::-->
<P>
Bash provides two builtin commands which manipulate the
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>fc</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX560"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX583"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>fc [-e <VAR>ename</VAR>] [-lnr] [<VAR>first</VAR>] [<VAR>last</VAR>]</CODE>
<CODE>fc -s [<VAR>pat</VAR>=<VAR>rep</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
-Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from <VAR>first</VAR> to
-<VAR>last</VAR> is selected from the history list. Both <VAR>first</VAR> and
+The first form selects a range of commands from <VAR>first</VAR> to
+<VAR>last</VAR> from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+them.
+Both <VAR>first</VAR> and
<VAR>last</VAR> may be specified as a string (to locate the most recent
command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the
history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the
In the second form, <VAR>command</VAR> is re-executed after each instance
of <VAR>pat</VAR> in the selected command is replaced by <VAR>rep</VAR>.
+<VAR>command</VAR> is intepreted the same as <VAR>first</VAR> above.
</P><P>
A useful alias to use with the <CODE>fc</CODE> command is <CODE>r='fc -s'</CODE>, so
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX561"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX584"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>history [<VAR>n</VAR>]
history -c
history -d <VAR>offset</VAR>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
-<DD>Read the current history file and append its contents to
+<DD>Read the history file and append its contents to
the history list.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-w</CODE>
-<DD>Write out the current history to the history file.
+<DD>Write out the current history list to the history file.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
<A NAME="History Interaction"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC123"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> > </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.3 History Expansion </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC123::-->
+<!--docid::SEC124::-->
<P>
The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Event Designators"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC125"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.1 Event Designators </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC124::-->
+<!--docid::SEC125::-->
<P>
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
history list.
Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current
position in the history list.
-<A NAME="IDX562"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX585"></A>
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Word Designators"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC125"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC126"></A>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.2 Word Designators </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC125::-->
+<!--docid::SEC126::-->
<P>
Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
<A NAME="Modifiers"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC126"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC127"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.3 Modifiers </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC126::-->
+<!--docid::SEC127::-->
<P>
After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more
<A NAME="Installing Bash"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC127"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC128"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 10. Installing Bash </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC127::-->
+<!--docid::SEC128::-->
<P>
This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
systems.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
than one kind of system from
the same source tree.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
programs.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
building Bash.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Basic Installation"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.1 Basic Installation </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC128::-->
+<!--docid::SEC129::-->
<P>
These are installation instructions for Bash.
considered for the next release.
</P><P>
-The file <TT>`configure.in'</TT> is used to create <CODE>configure</CODE>
+The file <TT>`configure.ac'</TT> is used to create <CODE>configure</CODE>
by a program called Autoconf. You only need
-<TT>`configure.in'</TT> if you want to change it or regenerate
+<TT>`configure.ac'</TT> if you want to change it or regenerate
<CODE>configure</CODE> using a newer version of Autoconf. If
you do this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.50 or
newer.
<A NAME="Compilers and Options"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC129"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.2 Compilers and Options </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC129::-->
+<!--docid::SEC130::-->
<P>
Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking
<A NAME="Compiling For Multiple Architectures"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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+<A NAME="SEC131"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC130::-->
+<!--docid::SEC131::-->
<P>
You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the
<A NAME="Installation Names"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC131"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC132"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.4 Installation Names </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC131::-->
+<!--docid::SEC132::-->
<P>
By default, <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP> will install into
<A NAME="Specifying the System Type"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC132"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC133"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.5 Specifying the System Type </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC132::-->
+<!--docid::SEC133::-->
<P>
There may be some features <CODE>configure</CODE> can not figure out
<A NAME="Sharing Defaults"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC133"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC134"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.6 Sharing Defaults </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC133::-->
+<!--docid::SEC134::-->
<P>
If you want to set default values for <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts to
<A NAME="Operation Controls"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC134"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.7 Operation Controls </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC134::-->
+<!--docid::SEC135::-->
<P>
<CODE>configure</CODE> recognizes the following options to control how it
<A NAME="Optional Features"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.8 Optional Features </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC135::-->
+<!--docid::SEC136::-->
<P>
The Bash <CODE>configure</CODE> has a number of <SAMP>`--enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP>
options may be enabled using <SAMP>`enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP>.
</P><P>
-All of the following options except for <SAMP>`disabled-builtins'</SAMP> and
+All of the following options except for <SAMP>`disabled-builtins'</SAMP>,
+<SAMP>`directpand-default'</SAMP>, and
<SAMP>`xpg-echo-default'</SAMP> are
enabled by default, unless the operating system does not provide the
necessary support.
<DT><CODE>--enable-bang-history</CODE>
<DD>Include support for <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history substitution
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-brace-expansion</CODE>
<DD>Include support for the bash debugger (distributed separately).
<P>
+<DT><CODE>--enable-direxpand-default</CODE>
+<DD>Cause the <CODE>direxpand</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+to be enabled by default when the shell starts.
+It is normally disabled by default.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>--enable-directory-stack</CODE>
<DD>Include support for a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack and the
<CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins
above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> to be enabled.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>--enable-glob-asciirange-default</CODE>
+<DD>Set the default value of the <VAR>globasciiranges</VAR> shell option described
+above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> to be enabled.
+This controls the behavior of character ranges when used in pattern matching
+bracket expressions.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>--enable-help-builtin</CODE>
<DD>Include the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and
variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<DT><CODE>--enable-history</CODE>
<DD>Include command history and the <CODE>fc</CODE> and <CODE>history</CODE>
-builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
+builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-job-control</CODE>
the Single Unix Specification, version 3.
See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that
<CODE>echo</CODE> recognizes.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="Reporting Bugs"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> A. Reporting Bugs </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC136::-->
+<!--docid::SEC137::-->
<P>
Please report all bugs you find in Bash.
</P><P>
Please send all reports concerning this manual to
-<A HREF="mailto:chet.ramey@case.edu">chet.ramey@case.edu</A>.
+<A HREF="mailto:bug-bash@gnu.org">bug-bash@gnu.org</A>.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC137::-->
+<!--docid::SEC138::-->
<P>
Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
+Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
<CODE>history</CODE> and <CODE>fc</CODE> builtins to manipulate it.
The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the
value of the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable to display it.
<LI>
Bash implements <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history expansion
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<P>
<LI>
-The expansion <CODE>${!<VAR>prefix}*</VAR></CODE> expansion, which expands to
+The expansion <CODE>${!<VAR>prefix</VAR>*}</CODE> expansion, which expands to
the names of all shell variables whose names begin with <VAR>prefix</VAR>,
is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<P>
<LI>
+The filename expansion bracket expression code uses <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`^'</SAMP>
+to negate the set of characters between the brackets.
+The Bourne shell uses only <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
Bash implements the full set of POSIX filename expansion operators,
including <VAR>character classes</VAR>, <VAR>equivalence classes</VAR>, and
<VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> (<CODE>xtrace</CODE>) option displays commands other than
+The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> (<SAMP>`xtrace'</SAMP>) option displays commands other than
simple commands when performing an execution trace
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC138::-->
+<!--docid::SEC139::-->
<P>
Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from
<A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC140"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> C. GNU Free Documentation License </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC139::-->
+<!--docid::SEC140::-->
<P>
<center>
</OL>
<P>
-<A NAME="SEC140"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC141"></A>
<H2> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC140::-->
+<!--docid::SEC141::-->
<P>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
<A NAME="Indexes"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC141"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC142"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> D. Indexes </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC141::-->
+<!--docid::SEC142::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
variable you want.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC147">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Builtin Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC142"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC143"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC142::-->
+<!--docid::SEC143::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_:" style="text-decoration:none"><b>:</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_."></A>.</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
78"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_:"></A>:</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
77"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_["></A>[</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
93"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
98"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
05"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX9
0"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX7
0"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
18"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX9
9"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX7
9"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
100"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
56"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
57"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
58"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
101"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
80"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
102"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
79"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
80"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
81"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
81"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
02"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
10"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
103"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
15"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
23"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
104"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
105"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
82"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
83"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
84"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
85"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX560"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
06"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX583"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
19"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
86"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX561"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
87"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
106"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX584"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
07"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
20"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
08"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
21"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX10
0"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
107"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
108"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX10
9"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
01"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
10"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
03"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
02"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
04"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
16"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
11"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
17"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
88"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
03"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
04"><CODE>readarray</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX8
0"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
12"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
13"><CODE>readarray</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX8
9"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
90"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11
0"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
11"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
05"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
11"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11
9"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
91"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
20"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
14"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
24"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
06"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
07"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
92"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
94"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
95"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
15"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
16"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
08"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
09"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
17"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
96"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
18"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
97"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
09"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
22"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
<A NAME="Reserved Word Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC143"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC144"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC143::-->
+<!--docid::SEC144::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#rw_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A>
<A NAME="Variable Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC144"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC145"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.3 Parameter and Variable Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC144::-->
+<!--docid::SEC145::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_#" style="text-decoration:none"><b>#</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_!"></A>!</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
58"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
59"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
64"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
65"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_#"></A>#</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
0"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
1"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
2"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
3"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_$"></A>$</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX61"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX62"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66"><CODE>$!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54"><CODE>$#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>$$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>$*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX60"><CODE>$-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>$0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51"><CODE>$@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>$_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_*"></A>*</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX46"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX47"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_-"></A>-</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
4"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
5"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
8"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
9"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_0"></A>0</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6
0"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6
1"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6
7"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6
8"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_?"></A>?</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
2"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
3"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
5"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
6"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_@"></A>@</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX49"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr__"></A>_</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
62"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
70"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
71"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
12"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
13"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
25"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
26"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_COMPAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_COMPAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>CHILD_MAX</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>CHILD_MAX</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>colored-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
86"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
187"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
28"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
99"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
200"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
42"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
29"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
188"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
189"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
30"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
190"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
191"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
192"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
193"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
31"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
43"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
201"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
202"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
44"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
203"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
204"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
205"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
206"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
45"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
194"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
195"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
196"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
197"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
198"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
199"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
00"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
01"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
207"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
208"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
209"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
210"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
211"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
212"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
13"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
14"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
02"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
03"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
04"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
05"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
15"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
16"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
17"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
18"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
06"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
07"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
08"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
09"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
10"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
11"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
12"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
13"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
14"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
15"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
16"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
17"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
32"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
33"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
18"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
19"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
20"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
21"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
14"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
15"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
34"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
22"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
23"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
24"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
25"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
26"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
27"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
19"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
20"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
21"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
22"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
23"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
24"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
25"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
26"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
27"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
28"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
29"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
30"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
46"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
47"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
31"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
32"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
33"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
34"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
23"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
24"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
48"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
35"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
36"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
37"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
38"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
39"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
40"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
16"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
17"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
28"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
29"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
35"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
30"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
31"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
37"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
25"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
26"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
41"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
42"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
49"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
43"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
44"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
51"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
38"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
52"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
32"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
33"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
34"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
35"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
36"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
37"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
38"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
39"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
45"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
46"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
47"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
48"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
49"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
50"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
51"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
52"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX21"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
40"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
41"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
42"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
43"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
44"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
45"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
46"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
47"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
53"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
54"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
55"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
56"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
57"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
58"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
59"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
60"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
48"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
49"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
18"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
19"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
50"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
51"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX12
0"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
21"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
52"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
53"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
39"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
40"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
41"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
42"><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
36"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
61"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
62"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
27"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
28"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
63"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
64"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX12
9"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
30"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
65"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
66"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
53"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
54"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
55"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
56"><CODE>menu-complete-display-prefix</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
50"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
54"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
55"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
22"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
23"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
56"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
57"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
24"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
25"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
58"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
59"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
43"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
67"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
68"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
31"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
32"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
69"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
70"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
33"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
34"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
71"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
72"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
57"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
44"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
26"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
27"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
60"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
61"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
62"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
63"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
64"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
65"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
66"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
67"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
68"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
69"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
28"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
29"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX13
0"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
31"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
70"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
71"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
72"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
73"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
74"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
75"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
58"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
35"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
36"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
73"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
74"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
75"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
76"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
77"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
78"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
79"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
80"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
81"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
82"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
37"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
38"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX13
9"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1
40"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
83"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
84"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
85"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
86"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
87"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
88"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
76"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
77"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
78"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
79"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
80"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
81"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
82"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
83"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
45"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
89"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
90"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
91"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
92"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
93"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
94"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
95"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2
96"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
59"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>show-mode-in-prompt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX22"><CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX23"><CODE>TEXTDOMAINDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
292"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
293"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
294"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
295"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
296"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
297"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
305"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
306"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
307"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
308"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
309"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
310"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
298"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
299"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
311"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
312"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
49"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
64"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A NAME="Function Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC145"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC146"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC147"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC147"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.4 Function Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC145::-->
+<!--docid::SEC146::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
02"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
03"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
70"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
71"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
46"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
47"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
25"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
26"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
85"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
86"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
69"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
70"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
56"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
57"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
398"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
399"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
20"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
21"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
28"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
29"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
60"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
61"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
76"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
77"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
50"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
51"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
71"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
72"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
419"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
420"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
41"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
42"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
49"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
50"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
75"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
76"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
91"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
92"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
65"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
66"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
498"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
499"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
14"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
15"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
18"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
19"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
20"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
21"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
66"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
67"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
56"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
57"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
484"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
485"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
68"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
69"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
480"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
481"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
492"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
493"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
72"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
73"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
76"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
77"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
44"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
45"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
46"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
47"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
42"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
43"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
519"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
520"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
35"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
36"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
41"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
42"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
43"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
44"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
81"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
82"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
77"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
78"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
505"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
506"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
89"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
90"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
501"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
502"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
513"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
514"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
93"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
94"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
97"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
98"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
65"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
66"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
67"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
68"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
63"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
64"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
490"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
491"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
396"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
397"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
66"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
67"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
38"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
39"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
52"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
53"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
38"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
39"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
04"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
05"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
12"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
13"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
26"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
27"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
30"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
31"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
28"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
29"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
488"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
489"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
511"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
512"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
417"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
418"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
87"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
88"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
59"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
60"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
73"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
74"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
61"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
62"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
27"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
28"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
33"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
34"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
49"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
50"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
53"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
54"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
51"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
52"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
509"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
510"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX554"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX555"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX577"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX578"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE><I>end-of-file</I> (usually C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE><I>end-of-file</I> (usually C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX539"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX540"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
00"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
01"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
54"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
55"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
82"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
83"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
58"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
59"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
21"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
22"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
69"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
70"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
97"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
98"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
73"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
74"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
32"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
33"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
34"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
35"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
36"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
37"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
55"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
56"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
57"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
58"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
59"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
60"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX548"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX549"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX542"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX543"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX571"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX572"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX565"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX566"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>history-substr-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>history-substr-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>history-substr-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>history-substr-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
24"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
25"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
60"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
61"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
50"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
51"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
47"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
48"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
81"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
82"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
73"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
74"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
18"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
19"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
40"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
41"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
24"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
25"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
26"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
27"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
39"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
40"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
61"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
62"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
45"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
46"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
47"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
48"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
44"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
45"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
62"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
63"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
64"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
65"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
67"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
68"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
83"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
84"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
85"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
86"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
74"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
75"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
386"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
387"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
84"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
385"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
89"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
90"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
401"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
402"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
99"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
400"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
52"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
53"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
16"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
17"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
75"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
76"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
37"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
38"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX529"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX530"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
02"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
03"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
23"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
24"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
00"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
01"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
68"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
69"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
80"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
81"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
10"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
11"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
23"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
24"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
83"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
84"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
95"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
96"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
33"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
34"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
04"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
05"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
14"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
15"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
32"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
33"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
64"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
65"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
40"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
41"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
62"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
63"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
30"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
31"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
22"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
23"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
494"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
495"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
25"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
26"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
37"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
38"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
53"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
54"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
79"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
80"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
63"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
64"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
77"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
78"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
51"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
52"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
45"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
46"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
515"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
516"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
12"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
13"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
06"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
07"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
08"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
09"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
35"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
36"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
27"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
28"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
29"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
30"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
08"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
09"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
54"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
55"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
36"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
37"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
22"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
23"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
34"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
35"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
10"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
11"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
31"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
32"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
75"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
76"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
57"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
58"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
43"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
44"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
55"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
56"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
31"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
32"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
48"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
49"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
394"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
395"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
392"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
393"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
50"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
51"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
69"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
70"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
413"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
414"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
411"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
412"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
71"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4
72"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A NAME="Concept Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC146"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC147"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ > ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.5 Concept Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC146::-->
+<!--docid::SEC147::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">Bourne shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2">builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX26">command timing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">commands, simple</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">comments, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">3.1.3 Comments</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3">control operator</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">coprocess</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
64">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
73">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
74">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5">field</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6">filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
75">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX562">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX559">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX585">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX582">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">8.8 A Programmable Completion Example</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11">identifier</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
01">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
14">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">internationalization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
17">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
15">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
30">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
28">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">localization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
00">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
13">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">parameters</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">parameters, positional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">parameters, special</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
67">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX
76">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">pipeline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1">POSIX</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">quoting, ANSI</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
14">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
27">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX15">reserved word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
18">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
31">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX20">word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
16">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3
29">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Table of Contents</H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>
<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">8.8 A Programmable Completion Example</A>
+<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9. Using History Interactively</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
+<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
+<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
+<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
+<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
<BR>
</UL>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10. Installing Bash</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
+<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
+<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
+<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.4 Installation Names</A>
+<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.4 Installation Names</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
+<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
+<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
+<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">10.8 Optional Features</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A>
+<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D. Indexes</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
+<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.4 Function Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC146" HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.4 Function Index</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC146" HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.5 Concept Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC147" HREF="bashref.html#SEC147">D.5 Concept Index</A>
<BR>
</UL>
</UL>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Short Table of Contents</H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9. Using History Interactively</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10. Installing Bash</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A>
+<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D. Indexes</A>
<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 28 2010</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>February, 24 2014</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 28 2010</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>February, 24 2014</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
projects / platform / upstream / bash.git / blobdiff