-This file documents the bugs fixed between this release, bash-1.14.7,
-and the last public bash release, 1.14.6.
+This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-2.0 since
+the release of bash-1.14.7. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
+the place to look for complete descriptions.
-1. Bugs fixed in Bash
+1. New Features in Bash
-a. A memory leak that caused long-running scripts to eventually consume
- all available memory was fixed.
+a. There is a new invocation option, -D, that dumps translatable strings
+ in a script.
-b. A sign-extension bug that caused a security hole for non-interactive
- shells was fixed.
+b. The `long' invocation options must now be prefixed with `--'.
+
+c. New long invocation options: --dump-strings, --help, --verbose
+
+d. The `nolineediting' invocation option was renamed to `noediting'.
+
+e. The `nobraceexpansion' and `quiet' long invocation options were removed.
+
+f. The `--help' and `--version' long options now work as the GNU coding
+ standards specify.
+
+g. If invoked as `sh', bash now enters posix mode after reading the
+ startup files, and reads and executes commands from the file named
+ by $ENV if interactive (as POSIX.2 specifies). A login shell invoked
+ as `sh' reads $ENV after /etc/profile and ~/.profile.
+
+h. There is a new reserved word, `time', for timing pipelines, builtin
+ commands, and shell functions. It uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT
+ variable as a format string describing how to print the timing
+ statistics.
+
+i. The $'...' quoting syntax expands ANSI-C escapes in ... and leaves the
+ result single-quoted.
+
+j. The $"..." quoting syntax performs locale-specific translation of ...
+ and leaves the result double-quoted.
+
+k. LINENO now works correctly in functions.
+
+l. New variables: DIRSTACK, PIPESTATUS, BASH_VERSINFO, HOSTNAME, SHELLOPTS,
+ MACHTYPE. The first three are array variables.
+
+m. The BASH_VERSION and BASH_VERSINFO variables now include the shell's
+ `release status' (alpha[N], beta[N], release).
+
+n. Some variables have been removed: MAIL_WARNING, notify, history_control,
+ command_oriented_history, glob_dot_filenames, allow_null_glob_expansion,
+ nolinks, hostname_completion_file, noclobber, no_exit_on_failed_exec, and
+ cdable_vars. Most of them are now implemented with the new `shopt'
+ builtin; others were already implemented by `set'.
+
+o. Bash now uses some new variables: LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES, LC_CTYPE,
+ LC_COLLATE, LANG, GLOBIGNORE, HISTIGNORE.
+
+p. The shell now supports integer-indexed arrays of unlimited length,
+ with a new compound assignment syntax and changes to the appropriate
+ builtin commands (declare/typeset, read, readonly, etc.). The array
+ index may be an arithmetic expression.
+
+q. ${!var}: indirect variable expansion, equivalent to eval \${$var}.
+
+r. ${paramter:offset[:length]}: variable substring extraction.
+
+s. ${parameter/pattern[/[/]string]}: variable pattern substitution.
+
+t. The $[...] arithmetic expansion syntax is no longer supported, in
+ favor of $((...)).
+
+u. Aliases can now be expanded in shell scripts with a shell option
+ (shopt expand_aliases).
+
+v. History and history expansion can now be used in scripts with
+ set -o history and set -H.
+
+w. All builtins now return an exit status of 2 for incorrect usage.
+
+x. Interactive shells resend SIGHUP to all running or stopped children
+ if (and only if) they exit due to a SIGHUP.
+
+y. New prompting expansions: \a, \e, \H, \T, \@, \v, \V.
+
+z. Variable expansion in prompt strings is now controllable via a shell
+ option (shopt promptvars).
+
+aa. Bash now defaults to using command-oriented history.
+
+bb. The history file ($HISTFILE) is now truncated to $HISTFILESIZE after
+ being written.
+
+cc. The POSIX.2 conditional arithmetic evaluation syntax (expr ? expr : expr)
+ has been implemented.
+
+dd. Each builtin now accepts `--' to signify the end of the options, except
+ as documented (echo, etc.).
+
+ee. All builtins use -p to display values in a re-readable format where
+ appropriate, except as documented (echo, type, etc.).
+
+ff. The `alias' builtin has a new -p option.
+
+gg. Changes to the `bind' builtin:
+ o has new options: -psPSVr.
+ o the `-d' option was renamed to `-p'
+ o the `-v' option now dumps variables; the old `-v' is now `-P'
+
+hh. The `bye' synonym for `exit' was removed.
+
+ii. The -L and -P options to `cd' and `pwd' have been documented.
+
+jj. The `cd' builtin now does spelling correction on the directory name
+ by default. This is settable with a shell option (shopt cdspell).
+
+kk. The `declare' builtin has new options: -a, -F, -p.
+
+ll. The `dirs' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -v.
+
+mm. The new `disown' builtin removes jobs from the shell's jobs table
+ or inhibits the resending of SIGHUP when the shell receives a
+ SIGHUP.
+
+nn. The `echo' builtin has a new escape character: \e.
+
+oo. The `enable' builtin can now load new builtins dynamically from shared
+ objects on systems with the dlopen/dlsym interface. There are a number
+ of examples in the examples/loadables directory. There are also
+ new options: -d, -f, -s, -p.
+
+pp. The `-all' option to `enable' was removed in favor of `-a'.
+
+qq. The `exec' builtin has new options: -l, -c, -a.
+
+rr. The `hash' builtin has a new option: -p.
+
+ss. The `history' builtin has new options: -c, -p, -s.
+
+tt. The `jobs' builtin has new options: -r, -s.
+
+uu. The `kill' builtin has new options: -n signum, -l signame.
+
+vv. The `pushd' and `popd' builtins have a new option: -n.
+
+ww. The `read' builtin has new options: -p prompt, -e, -a.
+
+xx. The `readonly' builtin has a new -a option, and the -n option was removed.
+
+yy. Changes to the `set' builtin:
+ o new options: -B, -o keyword, -o onecmd, -o history
+ o options removed: -l, -d, -o nohash
+ o options changed: +o, -h, -o hashall
+ o now displays variables in a format that can be re-read as input
+
+zz. The new `shopt' builtin controls shell optional behavior previously
+ done by setting and unsetting certain shell variables.
+
+aaa. The `test' builtin has new operators: -o option, s1 == s2, s1 < s2,
+ and s1 > s2, where s1 and s2 are strings.
+
+bbb. There is a new trap, DEBUG, executed after every simple command.
+
+ccc. The `trap' builtin has a new -p option.
+
+ddd. The `ulimit' builtin has a new -l option on 4.4BSD-based systems.
+
+eee. The PS1, PS2, PATH, and IFS variables may now be unset.
+
+fff. The restricted shell mode has been expanded and is now documented.
+
+ggg. Security improvements:
+ o functions are not imported from the environment if running setuid
+ or with -p
+ o no startup files are sourced if running setuid or with -p
+
+hhh. The documentation has been overhauled: the texinfo manual was
+ expanded, and HTML versions of the man page and texinfo manual
+ are included.
+
+iii. Changes to Posix mode:
+ o Command lookup now finds special builtins before shell functions.
+ o Failure of a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to
+ exit. Failures are defined in the POSIX.2 specification.
+ o If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using $CDPATH,
+ the value assigned to PWD when `cd' completes does not contain
+ any symbolic links.
+ o A non-interactive shell exits if a variable assignment error
+ occurs when no command name follows the assignment statements.
+ o A non-interactive shell exits if the interation variable in a
+ `for' statement or the selection variable in a `select' statement
+ is read-only or another variable assignment error occurs.
+ o The `<>' redirection operator now opens a file for both stdin and
+ stdout by default, not just when in posix mode.
+ o Assignment statements preceding special builtins now persist in
+ the shell's environment when the builtin completes.
+
+ Posix mode is now completely POSIX.2-compliant (modulo bugs). When
+ invoked as sh, bash should be completely POSIX.2-compliant.
+
+jjj. The default value of PS1 is now "\s-\v\$ ".
+
+kkk. The ksh-like ((...)) arithmetic command syntax has been implemented.
+ This is exactly equivalent to `let "..."'.
+
+lll. Integer constants have been extended to base 64.
+
+mmm. The `ulimit' builtin now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the
+ soft limit by default.
+
+2. New Features in Readline
+
+a. New variables: enable-keypad, input-meta (new name for meta-flag),
+ mark-directories, visible-stats (now documented), disable-completion,
+ comment-begin.
+
+b. New bindable commands: kill-region, copy-region-as-kill,
+ copy-backward-word, copy-forward-word, set-mark, exchange-point-and-mark,
+ character-search, character-search-backward, insert-comment,
+ glob-expand-word, glob-list-expansions, dump-variables, dump-macros.
+
+c. New emacs keybindings: delete-horizontal-space (M-\),
+ insert-completions (M-*), possible-completions (M-=).
+
+d. The history-search-backward and history-search-forward commands were
+ modified to be the same as previous-line and next-line if point is at
+ the start of the line.
+
+e. More file types are available for the visible-stats mode.
+
+3. Changes of interest in the Bash implementation
+
+a. There is a new autoconf-based configuration mechanism.
+
+b. More things have been moved from Posix mode to standard shell behavior.
+
+c. The trace output (set -x) now inserts quotes where necessary so it can
+ be reused as input.
+
+d. There is a compile-time option for a system-wide interactive shell
+ startup file (disabled by default).
+
+e. The YACC grammar is smaller and tighter, and all 66 shift-reduce
+ conflicts are gone. Several parsing bugs have been fixed.
+
+f. Builtin option parsing has been regularized (using internal_getopt()),
+ with the exception of `echo', `type', and `set'.
+
+g. Builtins now return standard usage messages constructed from the
+ `short doc' used by the help builtin.
+
+h. Completion now quotes using backslashes by default, but honors
+ user-supplied quotes.
+
+i. The GNU libc malloc is available as a configure-time option.
+
+j. There are more internationalization features; bash uses gettext if
+ it is available. The $"..." translation syntax uses the current
+ locale and gettext.
+
+k. There is better reporting of job termination when the shell is not
+ interactive.
+
+l. The shell is somewhat more efficient: it uses a little less memory and
+ makes fewer system calls.
+
+4. Changes of interest in the Readline implementation
+
+a. There is now support for readline `callback' functions.
+
+b. There is now support for user-supplied input, redisplay, and terminal
+ preparation functions.
+
+c. Most of the shell-specific code in readline has been generalized or
+ removed.
+
+d. Most of the annoying redisplay bugs have been fixed, notably the problems
+ with incremental search and excessive redrawing when special characters
+ appear in the prompt string.
+
+e. There are new library functions and variables available to application
+ writers, most having to do with completion and quoting.
+
+f. The NEWLINE character (^J) is now treated as a search terminator by the
+ incremental search functions.
projects / platform / upstream / bash.git / blobdiff