platform/kernel/linux-starfive.git
19 months agobpf: Make struct task_struct an RCU-safe type
David Vernet [Fri, 31 Mar 2023 19:57:31 +0000 (14:57 -0500)]
bpf: Make struct task_struct an RCU-safe type

struct task_struct objects are a bit interesting in terms of how their
lifetime is protected by refcounts. task structs have two refcount
fields:

1. refcount_t usage: Protects the memory backing the task struct. When
   this refcount drops to 0, the task is immediately freed, without
   waiting for an RCU grace period to elapse. This is the field that
   most callers in the kernel currently use to ensure that a task
   remains valid while it's being referenced, and is what's currently
   tracked with bpf_task_acquire() and bpf_task_release().

2. refcount_t rcu_users: A refcount field which, when it drops to 0,
   schedules an RCU callback that drops a reference held on the 'usage'
   field above (which is acquired when the task is first created). This
   field therefore provides a form of RCU protection on the task by
   ensuring that at least one 'usage' refcount will be held until an RCU
   grace period has elapsed. The qualifier "a form of" is important
   here, as a task can remain valid after task->rcu_users has dropped to
   0 and the subsequent RCU gp has elapsed.

In terms of BPF, we want to use task->rcu_users to protect tasks that
function as referenced kptrs, and to allow tasks stored as referenced
kptrs in maps to be accessed with RCU protection.

Let's first determine whether we can safely use task->rcu_users to
protect tasks stored in maps. All of the bpf_task* kfuncs can only be
called from tracepoint, struct_ops, or BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS, program
types. For tracepoint and struct_ops programs, the struct task_struct
passed to a program handler will always be trusted, so it will always be
safe to call bpf_task_acquire() with any task passed to a program.
Note, however, that we must update bpf_task_acquire() to be KF_RET_NULL,
as it is possible that the task has exited by the time the program is
invoked, even if the pointer is still currently valid because the main
kernel holds a task->usage refcount. For BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS, tasks
should never be passed as an argument to the any program handlers, so it
should not be relevant.

The second question is whether it's safe to use RCU to access a task
that was acquired with bpf_task_acquire(), and stored in a map. Because
bpf_task_acquire() now uses task->rcu_users, it follows that if the task
is present in the map, that it must have had at least one
task->rcu_users refcount by the time the current RCU cs was started.
Therefore, it's safe to access that task until the end of the current
RCU cs.

With all that said, this patch makes struct task_struct is an
RCU-protected object. In doing so, we also change bpf_task_acquire() to
be KF_ACQUIRE | KF_RCU | KF_RET_NULL, and adjust any selftests as
necessary. A subsequent patch will remove bpf_task_kptr_get(), and
bpf_task_acquire_not_zero() respectively.

Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230331195733.699708-2-void@manifault.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoMerge branch 'Prepare veristat for packaging'
Alexei Starovoitov [Sat, 1 Apr 2023 16:05:57 +0000 (09:05 -0700)]
Merge branch 'Prepare veristat for packaging'

Andrii Nakryiko says:

====================

This patch set relicenses veristat.c to dual GPL-2.0/BSD-2 license and
prepares it to be mirrored to Github at libbpf/veristat repo.

Few small issues in the source code are fixed, found during Github sync
preparetion.

v2->v3:
  - fix few warnings about uninitialized variable uses;
v1->v2:
  - drop linux/compiler.h and define own ARRAY_SIZE macro;
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoveristat: small fixed found in -O2 mode
Andrii Nakryiko [Fri, 31 Mar 2023 22:24:05 +0000 (15:24 -0700)]
veristat: small fixed found in -O2 mode

Fix few potentially unitialized variables uses, found while building
veristat.c in release (-O2) mode.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230331222405.3468634-5-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoveristat: avoid using kernel-internal headers
Andrii Nakryiko [Fri, 31 Mar 2023 22:24:04 +0000 (15:24 -0700)]
veristat: avoid using kernel-internal headers

Drop linux/compiler.h include, which seems to be needed for ARRAY_SIZE
macro only. Redefine own version of ARRAY_SIZE instead.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230331222405.3468634-4-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoveristat: improve version reporting
Andrii Nakryiko [Fri, 31 Mar 2023 22:24:03 +0000 (15:24 -0700)]
veristat: improve version reporting

For packaging version of the tool is important, so add a simple way to
specify veristat version for upstream mirror at Github.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230331222405.3468634-3-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoveristat: relicense veristat.c as dual GPL-2.0-only or BSD-2-Clause licensed
Andrii Nakryiko [Fri, 31 Mar 2023 22:24:02 +0000 (15:24 -0700)]
veristat: relicense veristat.c as dual GPL-2.0-only or BSD-2-Clause licensed

Dual-license veristat.c to dual GPL-2.0-only or BSD-2-Clause license.
This is needed to mirror it to Github to make it convenient for distro
packagers to package veristat as a separate package.

Veristat grew into a useful tool by itself, and there are already
a bunch of users relying on veristat as generic BPF loading and
verification helper tool. So making it easy to packagers by providing
Github mirror just like we do for bpftool and libbpf is the next step to
get veristat into the hands of users.

Apart from few typo fixes, I'm the sole contributor to veristat.c so
far, so no extra Acks should be needed for relicensing.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230331222405.3468634-2-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Fix conflicts with built-in functions in bench_local_storage_create
James Hilliard [Fri, 31 Mar 2023 07:58:42 +0000 (01:58 -0600)]
selftests/bpf: Fix conflicts with built-in functions in bench_local_storage_create

The fork function in gcc is considered a built in function due to
being used by libgcov when building with gnu extensions.

Rename fork to sched_process_fork to prevent this conflict.

See details:
https://github.com/gcc-mirror/gcc/commit/d1c38823924506d389ca58d02926ace21bdf82fa
https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=82457

Fixes the following error:

In file included from progs/bench_local_storage_create.c:6:
progs/bench_local_storage_create.c:43:14: error: conflicting types for
built-in function 'fork'; expected 'int(void)'
[-Werror=builtin-declaration-mismatch]
   43 | int BPF_PROG(fork, struct task_struct *parent, struct
task_struct *child)
      |              ^~~~

Fixes: cbe9d93d58b1 ("selftests/bpf: Add bench for task storage creation")
Signed-off-by: James Hilliard <james.hilliard1@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230331075848.1642814-1-james.hilliard1@gmail.com
19 months agoMerge branch 'selftests/bpf: Add read_build_id function'
Alexei Starovoitov [Fri, 31 Mar 2023 16:40:16 +0000 (09:40 -0700)]
Merge branch 'selftests/bpf: Add read_build_id function'

Jiri Olsa says:

====================

hi,
this selftests cleanup was previously posted as part of file build id changes [1],
which might take more time, so I'm sending the selftests changes separately so it
won't get stuck.

v4 changes:
  - added size argument to read_build_id [Andrii]
  - condition changes in parse_build_id_buf [Andrii]
  - use ELF_C_READ_MMAP in elf_begin [Andrii]
  - return -ENOENT in read_build_id if build id is not found [Andrii]
  - dropped elf class check [Andrii]

thanks,
jirka

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230316170149.4106586-1-jolsa@kernel.org/
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Replace extract_build_id with read_build_id
Jiri Olsa [Fri, 31 Mar 2023 09:31:57 +0000 (11:31 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: Replace extract_build_id with read_build_id

Replacing extract_build_id with read_build_id that parses out
build id directly from elf without using readelf tool.

Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230331093157.1749137-4-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Add read_build_id function
Jiri Olsa [Fri, 31 Mar 2023 09:31:56 +0000 (11:31 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: Add read_build_id function

Adding read_build_id function that parses out build id from
specified binary.

It will replace extract_build_id and also be used in following
changes.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230331093157.1749137-3-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Add err.h header
Jiri Olsa [Fri, 31 Mar 2023 09:31:55 +0000 (11:31 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: Add err.h header

Moving error macros from profiler.inc.h to new err.h header.
It will be used in following changes.

Also adding PTR_ERR macro that will be used in following changes.

Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230331093157.1749137-2-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Add testcases for ptr_*_or_null_ in bpf_kptr_xchg
David Vernet [Thu, 30 Mar 2023 14:52:03 +0000 (09:52 -0500)]
selftests/bpf: Add testcases for ptr_*_or_null_ in bpf_kptr_xchg

The second argument of the bpf_kptr_xchg() helper function is
ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL. A recent patch fixed a bug whereby the
verifier would fail with an internal error message if a program invoked
the helper with a PTR_TO_BTF_ID | PTR_MAYBE_NULL register. This testcase
adds some testcases to ensure that it fails gracefully moving forward.

Before the fix, these testcases would have failed an error resembling
the following:

; p = bpf_kfunc_call_test_acquire(&(unsigned long){0});
99: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r7       ; frame1: ...
100: (bf) r1 = r10                    ; frame1: ...
101: (07) r1 += -16                   ; frame1: ...
; p = bpf_kfunc_call_test_acquire(&(unsigned long){0});
102: (85) call bpf_kfunc_call_test_acquire#13908
; frame1: R0_w=ptr_or_null_prog_test_ref_kfunc...
; p = bpf_kptr_xchg(&v->ref_ptr, p);
103: (bf) r1 = r6                     ; frame1: ...
104: (bf) r2 = r0
; frame1: R0_w=ptr_or_null_prog_test_ref_kfunc...
105: (85) call bpf_kptr_xchg#194
verifier internal error: invalid PTR_TO_BTF_ID register for type match

Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230330145203.80506-2-void@manifault.com
19 months agobpf: Handle PTR_MAYBE_NULL case in PTR_TO_BTF_ID helper call arg
David Vernet [Thu, 30 Mar 2023 14:52:02 +0000 (09:52 -0500)]
bpf: Handle PTR_MAYBE_NULL case in PTR_TO_BTF_ID helper call arg

When validating a helper function argument, we use check_reg_type() to
ensure that the register containing the argument is of the correct type.
When the register's base type is PTR_TO_BTF_ID, there is some
supplemental logic where we do extra checks for various combinations of
PTR_TO_BTF_ID type modifiers. For example, for PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
PTR_TO_BTF_ID | PTR_TRUSTED, and PTR_TO_BTF_ID | MEM_RCU, we call
map_kptr_match_type() for bpf_kptr_xchg() calls, and
btf_struct_ids_match() for other helper calls.

When an unhandled PTR_TO_BTF_ID type modifier combination is passed to
check_reg_type(), the verifier fails with an internal verifier error
message. This can currently be triggered by passing a PTR_MAYBE_NULL
pointer to helper functions (currently just bpf_kptr_xchg()) with an
ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL arg type. For example, by callin
bpf_kptr_xchg(&v->kptr, bpf_cpumask_create()).

Whether or not passing a PTR_MAYBE_NULL arg to an
ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL argument is valid is an interesting question.
In a vacuum, it seems fine. A helper function with an
ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL arg would seem to be implying that it can
handle either a NULL or non-NULL arg, and has logic in place to detect
and gracefully handle each. This is the case for bpf_kptr_xchg(), which
of course simply does an xchg(). On the other hand, bpf_kptr_xchg() also
specifies OBJ_RELEASE, and refcounting semantics for a PTR_MAYBE_NULL
pointer is different than handling it for a NULL _OR_ non-NULL pointer.
For example, with a non-NULL arg, we should always fail if there was not
a nonzero refcount for the value in the register being passed to the
helper. For PTR_MAYBE_NULL on the other hand, it's unclear. If the
pointer is NULL it would be fine, but if it's not NULL, it would be
incorrect to load the program.

The current solution to this is to just fail if PTR_MAYBE_NULL is
passed, and to instead require programs to have a NULL check to
explicitly handle the NULL and non-NULL cases. This seems reasonable.
Not only would it possibly be quite complicated to correctly handle
PTR_MAYBE_NULL refcounting in the verifier, but it's also an arguably
odd programming pattern in general to not explicitly handle the NULL
case anyways. For example, it seems odd to not care about whether a
pointer you're passing to bpf_kptr_xchg() was successfully allocated in
a program such as the following:

private(MASK) static struct bpf_cpumask __kptr * global_mask;

SEC("tp_btf/task_newtask")
int BPF_PROG(example, struct task_struct *task, u64 clone_flags)
{
        struct bpf_cpumask *prev;

/* bpf_cpumask_create() returns PTR_MAYBE_NULL */
prev = bpf_kptr_xchg(&global_mask, bpf_cpumask_create());
if (prev)
bpf_cpumask_release(prev);

return 0;
}

This patch therefore updates the verifier to explicitly check for
PTR_MAYBE_NULL in check_reg_type(), and fail gracefully if it's
observed. This isn't really "fixing" anything unsafe or incorrect. We're
just updating the verifier to fail gracefully, and explicitly handle
this pattern rather than unintentionally falling back to an internal
verifier error path. A subsequent patch will update selftests.

Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230330145203.80506-1-void@manifault.com
19 months agoveristat: change guess for __sk_buff from CGROUP_SKB to SCHED_CLS
Andrii Nakryiko [Thu, 30 Mar 2023 19:01:15 +0000 (12:01 -0700)]
veristat: change guess for __sk_buff from CGROUP_SKB to SCHED_CLS

SCHED_CLS seems to be a better option as a default guess for freplace
programs that have __sk_buff as a context type.

Reported-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230330190115.3942962-1-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Rewrite two infinite loops in bound check cases
Xu Kuohai [Wed, 29 Mar 2023 01:10:48 +0000 (21:10 -0400)]
selftests/bpf: Rewrite two infinite loops in bound check cases

The two infinite loops in bound check cases added by commit
1a3148fc171f ("selftests/bpf: Check when bounds are not in the 32-bit range")
increased the execution time of test_verifier from about 6 seconds to
about 9 seconds. Rewrite these two infinite loops to finite loops to get
rid of this extra time cost.

Signed-off-by: Xu Kuohai <xukuohai@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230329011048.1721937-1-xukuohai@huaweicloud.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoMerge branch 'veristat: add better support of freplace programs'
Alexei Starovoitov [Thu, 30 Mar 2023 00:22:02 +0000 (17:22 -0700)]
Merge branch 'veristat: add better support of freplace programs'

Andrii Nakryiko says:

====================

Teach veristat how to deal with freplace BPF programs. As they can't be
directly loaded by veristat without custom user-space part that sets correct
target program FD, veristat always fails freplace programs. This patch set
teaches veristat to guess target program type that will be inherited by
freplace program itself, and subtitute it for BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT (freplace) one
for the purposes of BPF verification.

Patch #1 fixes bug in libbpf preventing overriding freplace with specific
program type.

Patch #2 adds convenient -d flag to request veristat to emit libbpf debug
logs. It help debugging why a specific BPF program fails to load, if the
problem is not due to BPF verification itself.

v3->v4:
  - fix optional kern_name check when guessing prog type (Alexei);
v2->v3:
  - fix bpf_obj_id selftest that uses legacy bpf_prog_test_load() helper,
    which always sets program type programmatically; teach the helper to do it
    only if actually necessary (Stanislav);
v1->v2:
  - fix compilation error reported by old GCC (my GCC v11 doesn't produce even
    a warning) and Clang (see CI failure at [0]):

GCC version:

  veristat.c: In function ‘fixup_obj’:
  veristat.c:908:1: error: label at end of compound statement
    908 | skip_freplace_fixup:
        | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Clang version:

  veristat.c:909:1: error: label at end of compound statement is a C2x extension [-Werror,-Wc2x-extensions]
  }
  ^
  1 error generated.

  [0] https://github.com/kernel-patches/bpf/actions/runs/4515972059/jobs/7953845335
====================

Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoveristat: guess and substitue underlying program type for freplace (EXT) progs
Andrii Nakryiko [Mon, 27 Mar 2023 18:52:02 +0000 (11:52 -0700)]
veristat: guess and substitue underlying program type for freplace (EXT) progs

SEC("freplace") (i.e., BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT) programs are not loadable as
is through veristat, as kernel expects actual program's FD during
BPF_PROG_LOAD time, which veristat has no way of knowing.

Unfortunately, freplace programs are a pretty important class of
programs, especially when dealing with XDP chaining solutions, which
rely on EXT programs.

So let's do our best and teach veristat to try to guess the original
program type, based on program's context argument type. And if guessing
process succeeds, we manually override freplace/EXT with guessed program
type using bpf_program__set_type() setter to increase chances of proper
BPF verification.

We rely on BTF and maintain a simple lookup table. This process is
obviously not 100% bulletproof, as valid program might not use context
and thus wouldn't have to specify correct type. Also, __sk_buff is very
ambiguous and is the context type across many different program types.
We pick BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB for now, which seems to work fine in
practice so far. Similarly, some program types require specifying attach
type, and so we pick one out of possible few variants.

Best effort at its best. But this makes veristat even more widely
applicable.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230327185202.1929145-4-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoveristat: add -d debug mode option to see debug libbpf log
Andrii Nakryiko [Mon, 27 Mar 2023 18:52:01 +0000 (11:52 -0700)]
veristat: add -d debug mode option to see debug libbpf log

Add -d option to allow requesting libbpf debug logs from veristat.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230327185202.1929145-3-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agolibbpf: disassociate section handler on explicit bpf_program__set_type() call
Andrii Nakryiko [Mon, 27 Mar 2023 18:52:00 +0000 (11:52 -0700)]
libbpf: disassociate section handler on explicit bpf_program__set_type() call

If user explicitly overrides programs's type with
bpf_program__set_type() API call, we need to disassociate whatever
SEC_DEF handler libbpf determined initially based on program's SEC()
definition, as it's not goind to be valid anymore and could lead to
crashes and/or confusing failures.

Also, fix up bpf_prog_test_load() helper in selftests/bpf, which is
force-setting program type (even if that's completely unnecessary; this
is quite a legacy piece of code), and thus should expect auto-attach to
not work, yet one of the tests explicitly relies on auto-attach for
testing.

Instead, force-set program type only if it differs from the desired one.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230327185202.1929145-2-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoMerge branch 'Allow BPF TCP CCs to write app_limited'
Martin KaFai Lau [Wed, 29 Mar 2023 20:10:56 +0000 (13:10 -0700)]
Merge branch 'Allow BPF TCP CCs to write app_limited'

Yixin Shen says:

====================

This series allow BPF TCP CCs to write app_limited of struct
tcp_sock. A built-in CC or one from a kernel module is already
able to write to app_limited of struct tcp_sock. Until now,
a BPF CC doesn't have write access to this member of struct
tcp_sock.

v2:
 - Merge the test of writing app_limited into the test of
   writing sk_pacing. (Martin KaFai Lau)
====================

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: test a BPF CC writing app_limited
Yixin Shen [Wed, 29 Mar 2023 07:35:58 +0000 (07:35 +0000)]
selftests/bpf: test a BPF CC writing app_limited

Test whether a TCP CC implemented in BPF is allowed to write
app_limited in struct tcp_sock. This is already allowed for
the built-in TCP CC.

Signed-off-by: Yixin Shen <bobankhshen@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230329073558.8136-3-bobankhshen@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: allow a TCP CC to write app_limited
Yixin Shen [Wed, 29 Mar 2023 07:35:57 +0000 (07:35 +0000)]
bpf: allow a TCP CC to write app_limited

A CC that implements tcp_congestion_ops.cong_control() should be able to
write app_limited. A built-in CC or one from a kernel module is already
able to write to this member of struct tcp_sock.
For a BPF program, write access has not been allowed, yet.

Signed-off-by: Yixin Shen <bobankhshen@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230329073558.8136-2-bobankhshen@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agotools: bpftool: json: Fix backslash escape typo in jsonw_puts
Manu Bretelle [Wed, 29 Mar 2023 07:30:02 +0000 (00:30 -0700)]
tools: bpftool: json: Fix backslash escape typo in jsonw_puts

This is essentially a backport of iproute2's
commit ed54f76484b5 ("json: fix backslash escape typo in jsonw_puts")

Also added the stdio.h include in json_writer.h to be able to compile
and run the json_writer test as used below).

Before this fix:

$ gcc -D notused -D TEST -I../../include -o json_writer  json_writer.c
json_writer.h
$ ./json_writer
{
    "Vyatta": {
        "url": "http://vyatta.com",
        "downloads": 2000000,
        "stock": 8.16,
        "ARGV": [],
        "empty": [],
        "NIL": {},
        "my_null": null,
        "special chars": [
            "slash": "/",
            "newline": "\n",
            "tab": "\t",
            "ff": "\f",
            "quote": "\"",
            "tick": "'",
            "backslash": "\n"
        ]
    }
}

After:

$ gcc -D notused -D TEST -I../../include -o json_writer  json_writer.c
json_writer.h
$ ./json_writer
{
    "Vyatta": {
        "url": "http://vyatta.com",
        "downloads": 2000000,
        "stock": 8.16,
        "ARGV": [],
        "empty": [],
        "NIL": {},
        "my_null": null,
        "special chars": [
            "slash": "/",
            "newline": "\n",
            "tab": "\t",
            "ff": "\f",
            "quote": "\"",
            "tick": "'",
            "backslash": "\\"
        ]
    }
}

Signed-off-by: Manu Bretelle <chantr4@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230329073002.2026563-1-chantr4@gmail.com
19 months agoMerge branch 'verifier/xdp_direct_packet_access.c converted to inline assembly'
Andrii Nakryiko [Tue, 28 Mar 2023 21:48:27 +0000 (14:48 -0700)]
Merge branch 'verifier/xdp_direct_packet_access.c converted to inline assembly'

Eduard Zingerman says:

====================

verifier/xdp_direct_packet_access.c automatically converted to inline
assembly using [1].

This is a leftover from [2], the last patch in a batch was blocked by
mail server for being too long. This patch-set splits it in two:
- one to add migrated test to progs/
- one to remove old test from verifier/

[1] Migration tool
    https://github.com/eddyz87/verifier-tests-migrator
[2] First batch of migrated verifier/*.c tests
    https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/167979433109.17761.17302808621381963629.git-patchwork-notify@kernel.org/
====================

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Remove verifier/xdp_direct_packet_access.c, converted to progs/verifie...
Eduard Zingerman [Tue, 28 Mar 2023 02:08:13 +0000 (05:08 +0300)]
selftests/bpf: Remove verifier/xdp_direct_packet_access.c, converted to progs/verifier_xdp_direct_packet_access.c

Removing verifier/xdp_direct_packet_access.c.c as it was automatically converted to use
inline assembly in the previous commit. It is available in
progs/verifier_xdp_direct_packet_access.c.c.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230328020813.392560-3-eddyz87@gmail.com
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Verifier/xdp_direct_packet_access.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Tue, 28 Mar 2023 02:08:12 +0000 (05:08 +0300)]
selftests/bpf: Verifier/xdp_direct_packet_access.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/xdp_direct_packet_access.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.
Original test would be removed in the next patch.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230328020813.392560-2-eddyz87@gmail.com
19 months agolibbpf: Fix double-free when linker processes empty sections
Eduard Zingerman [Tue, 28 Mar 2023 00:47:38 +0000 (03:47 +0300)]
libbpf: Fix double-free when linker processes empty sections

Double-free error in bpf_linker__free() was reported by James Hilliard.
The error is caused by miss-use of realloc() in extend_sec().
The error occurs when two files with empty sections of the same name
are linked:
- when first file is processed:
  - extend_sec() calls realloc(dst->raw_data, dst_align_sz)
    with dst->raw_data == NULL and dst_align_sz == 0;
  - dst->raw_data is set to a special pointer to a memory block of
    size zero;
- when second file is processed:
  - extend_sec() calls realloc(dst->raw_data, dst_align_sz)
    with dst->raw_data == <special pointer> and dst_align_sz == 0;
  - realloc() "frees" dst->raw_data special pointer and returns NULL;
  - extend_sec() exits with -ENOMEM, and the old dst->raw_data value
    is preserved (it is now invalid);
  - eventually, bpf_linker__free() attempts to free dst->raw_data again.

This patch fixes the bug by avoiding -ENOMEM exit for dst_align_sz == 0.
The fix was suggested by Andrii Nakryiko <andrii.nakryiko@gmail.com>.

Reported-by: James Hilliard <james.hilliard1@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Tested-by: James Hilliard <james.hilliard1@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CADvTj4o7ZWUikKwNTwFq0O_AaX+46t_+Ca9gvWMYdWdRtTGeHQ@mail.gmail.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230328004738.381898-3-eddyz87@gmail.com
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Don't assume page size is 4096
Hengqi Chen [Sun, 26 Mar 2023 09:53:41 +0000 (09:53 +0000)]
selftests/bpf: Don't assume page size is 4096

The verifier test creates BPF ringbuf maps using hard-coded
4096 as max_entries. Some tests will fail if the page size
of the running kernel is not 4096. Use getpagesize() instead.

Signed-off-by: Hengqi Chen <hengqi.chen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230326095341.816023-1-hengqi.chen@gmail.com
19 months agolibbpf: Ensure print callback usage is thread-safe
JP Kobryn [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 01:08:45 +0000 (18:08 -0700)]
libbpf: Ensure print callback usage is thread-safe

This patch prevents races on the print function pointer, allowing the
libbpf_set_print() function to become thread-safe.

Signed-off-by: JP Kobryn <inwardvessel@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230325010845.46000-1-inwardvessel@gmail.com
19 months agoxsk: allow remap of fill and/or completion rings
Nuno Gonçalves [Fri, 24 Mar 2023 10:02:22 +0000 (10:02 +0000)]
xsk: allow remap of fill and/or completion rings

The remap of fill and completion rings was frowned upon as they
control the usage of UMEM which does not support concurrent use.
At the same time this would disallow the remap of these rings
into another process.

A possible use case is that the user wants to transfer the socket/
UMEM ownership to another process (via SYS_pidfd_getfd) and so
would need to also remap these rings.

This will have no impact on current usages and just relaxes the
remap limitation.

Signed-off-by: Nuno Gonçalves <nunog@fr24.com>
Reviewed-by: Maciej Fijalkowski <maciej.fijalkowski@intel.com>
Acked-by: Magnus Karlsson <magnus.karlsson@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230324100222.13434-1-nunog@fr24.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf, docs: Add extended call instructions
Dave Thaler [Sun, 26 Mar 2023 03:31:17 +0000 (03:31 +0000)]
bpf, docs: Add extended call instructions

Add extended call instructions.  Uses the term "program-local" for
call by offset.  And there are instructions for calling helper functions
by "address" (the old way of using integer values), and for calling
helper functions by BTF ID (for kfuncs).

V1 -> V2: addressed comments from David Vernet

V2 -> V3: make descriptions in table consistent with updated names

V3 -> V4: addressed comments from Alexei

V4 -> V5: fixed alignment

Signed-off-by: Dave Thaler <dthaler@microsoft.com>
Acked-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230326033117.1075-1-dthaler1968@googlemail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoMerge branch 'bpf: Use bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free in bpf_local_storage'
Alexei Starovoitov [Sun, 26 Mar 2023 02:52:52 +0000 (19:52 -0700)]
Merge branch 'bpf: Use bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free in bpf_local_storage'

Martin KaFai Lau says:

====================

From: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>

This set is a continuation of the effort in using
bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free in bpf_local_storage [1]

Major change is only using bpf_mem_alloc for task and cgrp storage
while sk and inode stay with kzalloc/kfree. The details is
in patch 2.

[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230308065936.1550103-1-martin.lau@linux.dev/

v3:
- Only use bpf_mem_alloc for task and cgrp storage.
- sk and inode storage stay with kzalloc/kfree.
- Check NULL and add comments in bpf_mem_cache_raw_free() in patch 1.
- Added test and benchmark for task storage.

v2:
- Added bpf_mem_cache_alloc_flags() and bpf_mem_cache_raw_free()
  to hide the internal data structure of the bpf allocator.
- Fixed a typo bug in bpf_selem_free()
- Simplified the test_local_storage test by directly using
  err returned from libbpf
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Add bench for task storage creation
Martin KaFai Lau [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 21:52:46 +0000 (14:52 -0700)]
selftests/bpf: Add bench for task storage creation

This patch adds a task storage benchmark to the existing
local-storage-create benchmark.

For task storage,
./bench --storage-type task --batch-size 32:
   bpf_ma: Summary: creates   30.456 ± 0.507k/s ( 30.456k/prod), 6.08 kmallocs/create
no bpf_ma: Summary: creates   31.962 ± 0.486k/s ( 31.962k/prod), 6.13 kmallocs/create

./bench --storage-type task --batch-size 64:
   bpf_ma: Summary: creates   30.197 ± 1.476k/s ( 30.197k/prod), 6.08 kmallocs/create
no bpf_ma: Summary: creates   31.103 ± 0.297k/s ( 31.103k/prod), 6.13 kmallocs/create

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230322215246.1675516-6-martin.lau@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Test task storage when local_storage->smap is NULL
Martin KaFai Lau [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 21:52:45 +0000 (14:52 -0700)]
selftests/bpf: Test task storage when local_storage->smap is NULL

The current sk storage test ensures the memory free works when
the local_storage->smap is NULL.

This patch adds a task storage test to ensure the memory free
code path works when local_storage->smap is NULL.

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230322215246.1675516-5-martin.lau@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: Use bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free for bpf_local_storage
Martin KaFai Lau [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 21:52:44 +0000 (14:52 -0700)]
bpf: Use bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free for bpf_local_storage

This patch uses bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free for allocating and freeing
bpf_local_storage for task and cgroup storage.

The changes are similar to the previous patch. A few things that
worth to mention for bpf_local_storage:

The local_storage is freed when the last selem is deleted.
Before deleting a selem from local_storage, it needs to retrieve the
local_storage->smap because the bpf_selem_unlink_storage_nolock()
may have set it to NULL. Note that local_storage->smap may have
already been NULL when the selem created this local_storage has
been removed. In this case, call_rcu will be used to free the
local_storage.
Also, the bpf_ma (true or false) value is needed before calling
bpf_local_storage_free(). The bpf_ma can either be obtained from
the local_storage->smap (if available) or any of its selem's smap.
A new helper check_storage_bpf_ma() is added to obtain
bpf_ma for a deleting bpf_local_storage.

When bpf_local_storage_alloc getting a reused memory, all
fields are either in the correct values or will be initialized.
'cache[]' must already be all NULLs. 'list' must be empty.
Others will be initialized.

Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230322215246.1675516-4-martin.lau@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: Use bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free in bpf_local_storage_elem
Martin KaFai Lau [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 21:52:43 +0000 (14:52 -0700)]
bpf: Use bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free in bpf_local_storage_elem

This patch uses bpf_mem_alloc for the task and cgroup local storage that
the bpf prog can easily get a hold of the storage owner's PTR_TO_BTF_ID.
eg. bpf_get_current_task_btf() can be used in some of the kmalloc code
path which will cause deadlock/recursion. bpf_mem_cache_alloc is
deadlock free and will solve a legit use case in [1].

For sk storage, its batch creation benchmark shows a few percent
regression when the sk create/destroy batch size is larger than 32.
The sk creation/destruction happens much more often and
depends on external traffic. Considering it is hypothetical
to be able to cause deadlock with sk storage, it can cross
the bridge to use bpf_mem_alloc till a legit (ie. useful)
use case comes up.

For inode storage, bpf_local_storage_destroy() is called before
waiting for a rcu gp and its memory cannot be reused immediately.
inode stays with kmalloc/kfree after the rcu [or tasks_trace] gp.

A 'bool bpf_ma' argument is added to bpf_local_storage_map_alloc().
Only task and cgroup storage have 'bpf_ma == true' which
means to use bpf_mem_cache_alloc/free(). This patch only changes
selem to use bpf_mem_alloc for task and cgroup. The next patch
will change the local_storage to use bpf_mem_alloc also for
task and cgroup.

Here is some more details on the changes:

* memory allocation:
After bpf_mem_cache_alloc(), the SDATA(selem)->data is zero-ed because
bpf_mem_cache_alloc() could return a reused selem. It is to keep
the existing bpf_map_kzalloc() behavior. Only SDATA(selem)->data
is zero-ed. SDATA(selem)->data is the visible part to the bpf prog.
No need to use zero_map_value() to do the zeroing because
bpf_selem_free(..., reuse_now = true) ensures no bpf prog is using
the selem before returning the selem through bpf_mem_cache_free().
For the internal fields of selem, they will be initialized when
linking to the new smap and the new local_storage.

When 'bpf_ma == false', nothing changes in this patch. It will
stay with the bpf_map_kzalloc().

* memory free:
The bpf_selem_free() and bpf_selem_free_rcu() are modified to handle
the bpf_ma == true case.

For the common selem free path where its owner is also being destroyed,
the mem is freed in bpf_local_storage_destroy(), the owner (task
and cgroup) has gone through a rcu gp. The memory can be reused
immediately, so bpf_local_storage_destroy() will call
bpf_selem_free(..., reuse_now = true) which will do
bpf_mem_cache_free() for immediate reuse consideration.

An exception is the delete elem code path. The delete elem code path
is called from the helper bpf_*_storage_delete() and the syscall
bpf_map_delete_elem(). This path is an unusual case for local
storage because the common use case is to have the local storage
staying with its owner life time so that the bpf prog and the user
space does not have to monitor the owner's destruction. For the delete
elem path, the selem cannot be reused immediately because there could
be bpf prog using it. It will call bpf_selem_free(..., reuse_now = false)
and it will wait for a rcu tasks trace gp before freeing the elem. The
rcu callback is changed to do bpf_mem_cache_raw_free() instead of kfree().

When 'bpf_ma == false', it should be the same as before.
__bpf_selem_free() is added to do the kfree_rcu and call_tasks_trace_rcu().
A few words on the 'reuse_now == true'. When 'reuse_now == true',
it is still racing with bpf_local_storage_map_free which is under rcu
protection, so it still needs to wait for a rcu gp instead of kfree().
Otherwise, the selem may be reused by slab for a totally different struct
while the bpf_local_storage_map_free() is still using it (as a
rcu reader). For the inode case, there may be other rcu readers also.
In short, when bpf_ma == false and reuse_now == true => vanilla rcu.

[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20221118190109.1512674-1-namhyung@kernel.org/

Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230322215246.1675516-3-martin.lau@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: Add a few bpf mem allocator functions
Martin KaFai Lau [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 21:52:42 +0000 (14:52 -0700)]
bpf: Add a few bpf mem allocator functions

This patch adds a few bpf mem allocator functions which will
be used in the bpf_local_storage in a later patch.

bpf_mem_cache_alloc_flags(..., gfp_t flags) is added. When the
flags == GFP_KERNEL, it will fallback to __alloc(..., GFP_KERNEL).
bpf_local_storage knows its running context is sleepable (GFP_KERNEL)
and provides a better guarantee on memory allocation.

bpf_local_storage has some uncommon cases that its selem
cannot be reused immediately. It handles its own
rcu_head and goes through a rcu_trace gp and then free it.
bpf_mem_cache_raw_free() is added for direct free purpose
without leaking the LLIST_NODE_SZ internal knowledge.
During free time, the 'struct bpf_mem_alloc *ma' is no longer
available. However, the caller should know if it is
percpu memory or not and it can call different raw_free functions.
bpf_local_storage does not support percpu value, so only
the non-percpu 'bpf_mem_cache_raw_free()' is added in
this patch.

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230322215246.1675516-2-martin.lau@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoMerge branch 'First set of verifier/*.c migrated to inline assembly'
Alexei Starovoitov [Sun, 26 Mar 2023 00:02:06 +0000 (17:02 -0700)]
Merge branch 'First set of verifier/*.c migrated to inline assembly'

Eduard Zingerman says:

====================

This is a follow up for RFC [1]. It migrates a first batch of 38
verifier/*.c tests to inline assembly and use of ./test_progs for
actual execution. The migration is done by a python script (see [2]).

Each migrated verifier/xxx.c file is mapped to progs/verifier_xxx.c
plus an entry in the prog_tests/verifier.c. One patch per each file.

A few patches at the beginning of the patch-set extend test_loader
with necessary functionality, mainly:
- support for tests execution in unprivileged mode;
- support for test runs for test programs.

Migrated tests could be selected for execution using the following filter:

  ./test_progs -a verifier_*

An example of the migrated test:

  SEC("xdp")
  __description("XDP pkt read, pkt_data' > pkt_end, corner case, good access")
  __success __retval(0) __flag(BPF_F_ANY_ALIGNMENT)
  __naked void end_corner_case_good_access_1(void)
  {
          asm volatile ("                                 \
          r2 = *(u32*)(r1 + %[xdp_md_data]);              \
          r3 = *(u32*)(r1 + %[xdp_md_data_end]);          \
          r1 = r2;                                        \
          r1 += 8;                                        \
          if r1 > r3 goto l0_%=;                          \
          r0 = *(u64*)(r1 - 8);                           \
  l0_%=:  r0 = 0;                                         \
          exit;                                           \
  "       :
          : __imm_const(xdp_md_data, offsetof(struct xdp_md, data)),
            __imm_const(xdp_md_data_end, offsetof(struct xdp_md, data_end))
          : __clobber_all);
  }

Changes compared to RFC:
- test_loader.c is extended to support test program runs;
- capabilities handling now matches behavior of test_verifier;
- BPF_ST_MEM instructions are automatically replaced by BPF_STX_MEM
  instructions to overcome current clang limitations;
- tests styling updates according to RFC feedback;
- 38 migrated files are included instead of 1.

I used the following means for testing:
- migration tool itself has a set of self-tests;
- migrated tests are passing;
- manually compared each old/new file side-by-side.

While doing side-by-side comparison I've noted a few defects in the
original tests:
- and.c:
  - One of the jump targets is off by one;
  - BPF_ST_MEM wrong OFF/IMM ordering;
- array_access.c:
  - BPF_ST_MEM wrong OFF/IMM ordering;
- value_or_null.c:
  - BPF_ST_MEM wrong OFF/IMM ordering.

These defects would be addressed separately.

[1] RFC
    https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230123145148.2791939-1-eddyz87@gmail.com/
[2] Migration tool
    https://github.com/eddyz87/verifier-tests-migrator
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/xdp.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:23 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/xdp.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/xdp.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-43-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/xadd.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:22 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/xadd.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/xadd.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-42-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/var_off.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:21 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/var_off.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/var_off.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-41-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/value_or_null.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:20 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/value_or_null.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/value_or_null.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-40-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/value.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:19 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/value.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/value.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-39-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/value_adj_spill.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:18 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/value_adj_spill.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/value_adj_spill.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-38-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/uninit.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:17 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/uninit.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/uninit.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-37-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/stack_ptr.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:16 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/stack_ptr.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/stack_ptr.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-36-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/spill_fill.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:15 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/spill_fill.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/spill_fill.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-35-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/ringbuf.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:14 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/ringbuf.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/ringbuf.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-34-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/raw_tp_writable.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:13 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/raw_tp_writable.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/raw_tp_writable.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-33-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/raw_stack.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:12 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/raw_stack.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/raw_stack.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-32-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/meta_access.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:11 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/meta_access.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/meta_access.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-31-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/masking.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:10 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/masking.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/masking.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-30-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/map_ret_val.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:09 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/map_ret_val.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/map_ret_val.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-29-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/map_ptr.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:08 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/map_ptr.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/map_ptr.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-28-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/leak_ptr.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:07 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/leak_ptr.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/leak_ptr.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-27-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/ld_ind.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:06 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/ld_ind.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/ld_ind.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-26-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/int_ptr.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:05 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/int_ptr.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/int_ptr.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-25-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/helper_value_access.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:04 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/helper_value_access.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/helper_value_access.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-24-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/helper_restricted.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:03 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/helper_restricted.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/helper_restricted.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-23-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/helper_packet_access.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:02 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/helper_packet_access.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/helper_packet_access.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-22-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/helper_access_var_len.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:01 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/helper_access_var_len.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/helper_access_var_len.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-21-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/div_overflow.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:55:00 +0000 (04:55 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/div_overflow.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/div_overflow.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-20-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/div0.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:59 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/div0.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/div0.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-19-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/direct_stack_access_wraparound.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:58 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/direct_stack_access_wraparound.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/direct_stack_access_wraparound.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-18-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/ctx_sk_msg.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:57 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/ctx_sk_msg.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/ctx_sk_msg.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-17-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/const_or.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:56 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/const_or.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/const_or.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-16-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/cgroup_storage.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:55 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/cgroup_storage.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/cgroup_storage.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-15-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/cgroup_skb.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:54 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/cgroup_skb.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/cgroup_skb.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-14-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/cgroup_inv_retcode.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:53 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/cgroup_inv_retcode.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/cgroup_inv_retcode.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-13-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/cfg.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:52 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/cfg.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/cfg.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-12-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/bounds_mix_sign_unsign.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:51 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/bounds_mix_sign_unsign.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/bounds_mix_sign_unsign.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-11-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/bounds_deduction.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:50 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/bounds_deduction.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/bounds_deduction.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-10-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/basic_stack.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:49 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/basic_stack.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/basic_stack.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-9-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/array_access.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:48 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/array_access.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/array_access.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-8-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: verifier/and.c converted to inline assembly
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:47 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: verifier/and.c converted to inline assembly

Test verifier/and.c automatically converted to use inline assembly.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-7-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: prog_tests entry point for migrated test_verifier tests
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:46 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: prog_tests entry point for migrated test_verifier tests

prog_tests/verifier.c would be used as a host for verifier/*.c tests
migrated to use inline assembly and run from test_progs.

The run_test_aux() function mimics the test_verifier behavior
dropping CAP_SYS_ADMIN upon entry.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-6-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Tests execution support for test_loader.c
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:45 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: Tests execution support for test_loader.c

Extends test_loader.c:test_loader__run_subtests() by allowing to
execute BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN bpf command for selected programs.
This is similar to functionality provided by test_verifier.

Adds the following new attributes controlling test_loader behavior:

  __retval(...)
  __retval_unpriv(...)

* If any of these attributes is present, the annotated program would
  be executed using libbpf's bpf_prog_test_run_opts() function.
* If __retval is present, the test run would be done for program
  loaded in privileged mode.
* If __retval_unpriv is present, the test run would be done for
  program loaded in unprivileged mode.
* To mimic test_verifier behavior, the actual run is initiated in
  privileged mode.
* The value returned by a test run is compared against retval
  parameter.

The retval attribute takes one of the following parameters:
- a decimal number
- a hexadecimal number (must start from '0x')
- any of a three special literals (provided for compatibility with
  test_verifier):
  - INT_MIN
  - POINTER_VALUE
  - TEST_DATA_LEN

An example of the attribute usage:

  SEC("socket")
  __description("return 42")
  __success __success_unpriv __retval(42)
  __naked void the_42_test(void)
  {
          asm volatile ("                                 \
          r0 = 42;                                        \
          exit;                                           \
  "       ::: __clobber_all);
  }

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-5-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Unprivileged tests for test_loader.c
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:44 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: Unprivileged tests for test_loader.c

Extends test_loader.c:test_loader__run_subtests() by allowing to
execute tests in unprivileged mode, similar to test_verifier.c.

Adds the following new attributes controlling test_loader behavior:

  __msg_unpriv
  __success_unpriv
  __failure_unpriv

* If any of these attributes is present the test would be loaded in
  unprivileged mode.
* If only "privileged" attributes are present the test would be loaded
  only in privileged mode.
* If both "privileged" and "unprivileged" attributes are present the
  test would be loaded in both modes.
* If test has to be executed in both modes, __msg(text) is specified
  and __msg_unpriv is not specified the behavior is the same as if
  __msg_unpriv(text) is specified.
* For test filtering purposes the name of the program loaded in
  unprivileged mode is derived from the usual program name by adding
  `@unpriv' suffix.

Also adds attribute '__description'. This attribute specifies text to
be used instead of a program name for display and filtering purposes.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-4-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: __imm_insn & __imm_const macro for bpf_misc.h
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:43 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: __imm_insn & __imm_const macro for bpf_misc.h

Add two convenience macro for BPF test cases,
allowing the following usage:

  #include <linux/filter.h>

  ...
  asm volatile (
  ...
  ".8byte %[raw_insn];"
  ...
  "r1 += %[st_foo_offset];"
  ...
  :
  : __imm_insn(raw_insn, BPF_RAW_INSN(...)),
    __imm_const(st_foo_offset, offsetof(struct st, foo))
  : __clobber_all);

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-3-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Report program name on parse_test_spec error
Eduard Zingerman [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 02:54:42 +0000 (04:54 +0200)]
selftests/bpf: Report program name on parse_test_spec error

Change test_loader.c:run_subtest() behavior to show BPF program name
when test spec for that program can't be parsed.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325025524.144043-2-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoMerge branch 'Don't invoke KPTR_REF destructor on NULL xchg'
Alexei Starovoitov [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 23:56:22 +0000 (16:56 -0700)]
Merge branch 'Don't invoke KPTR_REF destructor on NULL xchg'

David Vernet says:

====================

When a map value is being freed, we loop over all of the fields of the
corresponding BPF object and issue the appropriate cleanup calls
corresponding to the field's type. If the field is a referenced kptr, we
atomically xchg the value out of the map, and invoke the kptr's
destructor on whatever was there before.

Currently, we always invoke the destructor (or bpf_obj_drop() for a
local kptr) on any kptr, including if no value was xchg'd out of the
map. This means that any function serving as the kptr's KF_RELEASE
destructor must always treat the argument as possibly NULL, and we
invoke unnecessary (and seemingly unsafe) cleanup logic for the local
kptr path as well.

This is an odd requirement -- KF_RELEASE kfuncs that are invoked by BPF
programs do not have this restriction, and the verifier will fail to
load the program if the register containing the to-be-released type has
any untrusted modifiers (e.g. PTR_UNTRUSTED or PTR_MAYBE_NULL). So as to
simplify the expectations required for a KF_RELEASE kfunc, this patch
set updates the KPTR_REF destructor logic to only be invoked when a
non-NULL value is xchg'd out of the map.

Additionally, the patch removes now-unnecessary KF_RELEASE calls from
several kfuncs, and finally, updates the verifier to have KF_RELEASE
automatically imply KF_TRUSTED_ARGS. This restriction was already
implicitly happening because of the aforementioned logic in the verifier
to reject any regs with untrusted modifiers, and to enforce that
KF_RELEASE args are passed with a 0 offset. This change just updates the
behavior to match that of other trusted args. This patch is left to the
end of the series in case it happens to be controversial, as it arguably
is slightly orthogonal to the purpose of the rest of the series.
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: Treat KF_RELEASE kfuncs as KF_TRUSTED_ARGS
David Vernet [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 21:31:46 +0000 (16:31 -0500)]
bpf: Treat KF_RELEASE kfuncs as KF_TRUSTED_ARGS

KF_RELEASE kfuncs are not currently treated as having KF_TRUSTED_ARGS,
even though they have a superset of the requirements of KF_TRUSTED_ARGS.
Like KF_TRUSTED_ARGS, KF_RELEASE kfuncs require a 0-offset argument, and
don't allow NULL-able arguments. Unlike KF_TRUSTED_ARGS which require
_either_ an argument with ref_obj_id > 0, _or_ (ref->type &
BPF_REG_TRUSTED_MODIFIERS) (and no unsafe modifiers allowed), KF_RELEASE
only allows for ref_obj_id > 0.  Because KF_RELEASE today doesn't
automatically imply KF_TRUSTED_ARGS, some of these requirements are
enforced in different ways that can make the behavior of the verifier
feel unpredictable. For example, a KF_RELEASE kfunc with a NULL-able
argument will currently fail in the verifier with a message like, "arg#0
is ptr_or_null_ expected ptr_ or socket" rather than "Possibly NULL
pointer passed to trusted arg0". Our intention is the same, but the
semantics are different due to implemenetation details that kfunc authors
and BPF program writers should not need to care about.

Let's make the behavior of the verifier more consistent and intuitive by
having KF_RELEASE kfuncs imply the presence of KF_TRUSTED_ARGS. Our
eventual goal is to have all kfuncs assume KF_TRUSTED_ARGS by default
anyways, so this takes us a step in that direction.

Note that it does not make sense to assume KF_TRUSTED_ARGS for all
KF_ACQUIRE kfuncs. KF_ACQUIRE kfuncs can have looser semantics than
KF_RELEASE, with e.g. KF_RCU | KF_RET_NULL. We may want to have
KF_ACQUIRE imply KF_TRUSTED_ARGS _unless_ KF_RCU is specified, but that
can be left to another patch set, and there are no such subtleties to
address for KF_RELEASE.

Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325213144.486885-4-void@manifault.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: Remove now-unnecessary NULL checks for KF_RELEASE kfuncs
David Vernet [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 21:31:45 +0000 (16:31 -0500)]
bpf: Remove now-unnecessary NULL checks for KF_RELEASE kfuncs

Now that we're not invoking kfunc destructors when the kptr in a map was
NULL, we no longer require NULL checks in many of our KF_RELEASE kfuncs.
This patch removes those NULL checks.

Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325213144.486885-3-void@manifault.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: Only invoke kptr dtor following non-NULL xchg
David Vernet [Sat, 25 Mar 2023 21:31:42 +0000 (16:31 -0500)]
bpf: Only invoke kptr dtor following non-NULL xchg

When a map value is being freed, we loop over all of the fields of the
corresponding BPF object and issue the appropriate cleanup calls
corresponding to the field's type. If the field is a referenced kptr, we
atomically xchg the value out of the map, and invoke the kptr's
destructor on whatever was there before (or bpf_obj_drop() it if it was
a local kptr).

Currently, we always invoke the destructor (either bpf_obj_drop() or the
kptr's registered destructor) on any KPTR_REF-type field in a map, even
if there wasn't a value in the map. This means that any function serving
as the kptr's KF_RELEASE destructor must always treat the argument as
possibly NULL, as the following can and regularly does happen:

void *xchgd_field;

/* No value was in the map, so xchgd_field is NULL */
xchgd_field = (void *)xchg(unsigned long *field_ptr, 0);
field->kptr.dtor(xchgd_field);

These are odd semantics to impose on KF_RELEASE kfuncs -- BPF programs
are prohibited by the verifier from passing NULL pointers to KF_RELEASE
kfuncs, so it doesn't make sense to require this of BPF programs, but
not the main kernel destructor path. It's also unnecessary to invoke any
cleanup logic for local kptrs. If there is no object there, there's
nothing to drop.

So as to allow KF_RELEASE kfuncs to fully assume that an argument is
non-NULL, this patch updates a KPTR_REF's destructor to only be invoked
when a non-NULL value is xchg'd out of the kptr map field.

Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230325213144.486885-2-void@manifault.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: Check IS_ERR for the bpf_map_get() return value
Martin KaFai Lau [Fri, 24 Mar 2023 18:42:41 +0000 (11:42 -0700)]
bpf: Check IS_ERR for the bpf_map_get() return value

This patch fixes a mistake in checking NULL instead of
checking IS_ERR for the bpf_map_get() return value.

It also fixes the return value in link_update_map() from -EINVAL
to PTR_ERR(*_map).

Reported-by: syzbot+71ccc0fe37abb458406b@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Fixes: 68b04864ca42 ("bpf: Create links for BPF struct_ops maps.")
Fixes: aef56f2e918b ("bpf: Update the struct_ops of a bpf_link.")
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kui-Feng Lee <kuifeng@meta.com>
Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230324184241.1387437-1-martin.lau@linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agoMerge branch 'Transit between BPF TCP congestion controls.'
Martin KaFai Lau [Thu, 23 Mar 2023 05:49:40 +0000 (22:49 -0700)]
Merge branch 'Transit between BPF TCP congestion controls.'

Kui-Feng Lee says:

====================

Major changes:

 - Create bpf_links in the kernel for BPF struct_ops to register and
   unregister it.

 - Enables switching between implementations of bpf-tcp-cc under a
   name instantly by replacing the backing struct_ops map of a
   bpf_link.

Previously, BPF struct_ops didn't go off, as even when the user
program creating it was terminated, none of these ever were pinned.
For instance, the TCP congestion control subsystem indirectly
maintains a reference count on the struct_ops of any registered BPF
implemented algorithm. Thus, the algorithm won't be deactivated until
someone deliberately unregisters it.  For compatibility with other BPF
programs, bpf_links have been created to work in coordination with
struct_ops maps. This ensures that the registration and unregistration
of these respective maps is carried out at the start and end of the
bpf_link.

We also faced complications when attempting to replace an existing TCP
congestion control algorithm with a new implementation on the fly. A
struct_ops map was used to register a TCP congestion control algorithm
with a unique name.  We had to either register the alternative
implementation with a new name and move over or unregister the current
one before being able to reregistration with the same name.  To fix
this problem, we can an option to migrate the registration of the
algorithm from struct_ops maps to bpf_links. By modifying the backing
map of a bpf_link, it suddenly becomes possible to replace an existing
TCP congestion control algorithm with ease.
---

The major differences from v11:

 - Fix incorrectly setting both old_prog_fd and old_map_fd.

The major differences from v10:

 - Add old_map_fd as an additional field instead of an union in
   bpf_link_update_opts.

The major differences from v9:

 - Add test case for BPF_F_LINK.  Includes adding old_map_fd to struct
   bpf_link_update_opts in patch 6.

 - Return -EPERM instead of -EINVAL when the old map fd doesn't match
   with BPF_F_LINK.

 - Fix -EBUSY case in bpf_map__attach_struct_ops().

The major differences form v8:

 - Check bpf_struct_ops::{validate,update} in
   bpf_struct_ops_map_alloc()

The major differences from v7:

 - Use synchronize_rcu_mult(call_rcu, call_rcu_tasks) to replace
   synchronize_rcu() and synchronize_rcu_tasks().

 - Call synchronize_rcu() in tcp_update_congestion_control().

 - Handle -EBUSY in bpf_map__attach_struct_ops() to allow a struct_ops
   can be used to create links more than once.  Include a test case.

 - Add old_map_fd to bpf_attr and handle BPF_F_REPLACE in
   bpf_struct_ops_map_link_update().

 - Remove changes in bpf_dummy_struct_ops.c and add a check of .update
   function pointer of bpf_struct_ops.

The major differences from v6:

 - Reword commit logs of the patch 1, 2, and 8.

 - Call synchronize_rcu_tasks() as well in bpf_struct_ops_map_free().

 - Refactor bpf_struct_ops_map_free() so that
   bpf_struct_ops_map_alloc() can free a struct_ops without waiting
   for a RCU grace period.

The major differences from v5:

 - Add a new step to bpf_object__load() to prepare vdata.

 - Accept BPF_F_REPLACE.

 - Check section IDs in find_struct_ops_map_by_offset()

 - Add a test case to check mixing w/ and w/o link struct_ops.

 - Add a test case of using struct_ops w/o link to update a link.

 - Improve bpf_link__detach_struct_ops() to handle the w/ link case.

The major differences from v4:

 - Rebase.

 - Reorder patches and merge part 4 to part 2 of the v4.

The major differences from v3:

 - Remove bpf_struct_ops_map_free_rcu(), and use synchronize_rcu().

 - Improve the commit log of the part 1.

 - Before transitioning to the READY state, we conduct a value check
   to ensure that struct_ops can be successfully utilized and links
   created later.

The major differences from v2:

 - Simplify states

   - Remove TOBEUNREG.

   - Rename UNREG to READY.

 - Stop using the refcnt of the kvalue of a struct_ops. Explicitly
   increase and decrease the refcount of struct_ops.

 - Prepare kernel vdata during the load phase of libbpf.

The major differences from v1:

 - Added bpf_struct_ops_link to replace the previous union-based
   approach.

 - Added UNREG and TOBEUNREG to the state of bpf_struct_ops_map.

   - bpf_struct_ops_transit_state() maintains state transitions.

 - Fixed synchronization issue.

 - Prepare kernel vdata of struct_ops during the loading phase of
   bpf_object.

 - Merged previous patch 3 to patch 1.

v11: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230323010409.2265383-1-kuifeng@meta.com/
v10: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230321232813.3376064-1-kuifeng@meta.com/
v9: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230320195644.1953096-1-kuifeng@meta.com/
v8: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230318053144.1180301-1-kuifeng@meta.com/
v7: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230316023641.2092778-1-kuifeng@meta.com/
v6: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230310043812.3087672-1-kuifeng@meta.com/
v5: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230308005050.255859-1-kuifeng@meta.com/
v4: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230307232913.576893-1-andrii@kernel.org/
v3: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230303012122.852654-1-kuifeng@meta.com/
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230223011238.12313-1-kuifeng@meta.com/
v1: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230214221718.503964-1-kuifeng@meta.com/
====================

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Test switching TCP Congestion Control algorithms.
Kui-Feng Lee [Thu, 23 Mar 2023 03:24:05 +0000 (20:24 -0700)]
selftests/bpf: Test switching TCP Congestion Control algorithms.

Create a pair of sockets that utilize the congestion control algorithm
under a particular name. Then switch up this congestion control
algorithm to another implementation and check whether newly created
connections using the same cc name now run the new implementation.

Also, try to update a link with a struct_ops that is without
BPF_F_LINK or with a wrong or different name.  These cases should fail
due to the violation of assumptions.  To update a bpf_link of a
struct_ops, it must be replaced with another struct_ops that is
identical in type and name and has the BPF_F_LINK flag.

The other test case is to create links from the same struct_ops more
than once.  It makes sure a struct_ops can be used repeatly.

Signed-off-by: Kui-Feng Lee <kuifeng@meta.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230323032405.3735486-9-kuifeng@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agolibbpf: Use .struct_ops.link section to indicate a struct_ops with a link.
Kui-Feng Lee [Thu, 23 Mar 2023 03:24:04 +0000 (20:24 -0700)]
libbpf: Use .struct_ops.link section to indicate a struct_ops with a link.

Flags a struct_ops is to back a bpf_link by putting it to the
".struct_ops.link" section.  Once it is flagged, the created
struct_ops can be used to create a bpf_link or update a bpf_link that
has been backed by another struct_ops.

Signed-off-by: Kui-Feng Lee <kuifeng@meta.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230323032405.3735486-8-kuifeng@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agolibbpf: Update a bpf_link with another struct_ops.
Kui-Feng Lee [Thu, 23 Mar 2023 03:24:03 +0000 (20:24 -0700)]
libbpf: Update a bpf_link with another struct_ops.

Introduce bpf_link__update_map(), which allows to atomically update
underlying struct_ops implementation for given struct_ops BPF link.

Also add old_map_fd to struct bpf_link_update_opts to handle
BPF_F_REPLACE feature.

Signed-off-by: Kui-Feng Lee <kuifeng@meta.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230323032405.3735486-7-kuifeng@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: Update the struct_ops of a bpf_link.
Kui-Feng Lee [Thu, 23 Mar 2023 03:24:02 +0000 (20:24 -0700)]
bpf: Update the struct_ops of a bpf_link.

By improving the BPF_LINK_UPDATE command of bpf(), it should allow you
to conveniently switch between different struct_ops on a single
bpf_link. This would enable smoother transitions from one struct_ops
to another.

The struct_ops maps passing along with BPF_LINK_UPDATE should have the
BPF_F_LINK flag.

Signed-off-by: Kui-Feng Lee <kuifeng@meta.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230323032405.3735486-6-kuifeng@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agolibbpf: Create a bpf_link in bpf_map__attach_struct_ops().
Kui-Feng Lee [Thu, 23 Mar 2023 03:24:01 +0000 (20:24 -0700)]
libbpf: Create a bpf_link in bpf_map__attach_struct_ops().

bpf_map__attach_struct_ops() was creating a dummy bpf_link as a
placeholder, but now it is constructing an authentic one by calling
bpf_link_create() if the map has the BPF_F_LINK flag.

You can flag a struct_ops map with BPF_F_LINK by calling
bpf_map__set_map_flags().

Signed-off-by: Kui-Feng Lee <kuifeng@meta.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230323032405.3735486-5-kuifeng@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: Create links for BPF struct_ops maps.
Kui-Feng Lee [Thu, 23 Mar 2023 03:24:00 +0000 (20:24 -0700)]
bpf: Create links for BPF struct_ops maps.

Make bpf_link support struct_ops.  Previously, struct_ops were always
used alone without any associated links. Upon updating its value, a
struct_ops would be activated automatically. Yet other BPF program
types required to make a bpf_link with their instances before they
could become active. Now, however, you can create an inactive
struct_ops, and create a link to activate it later.

With bpf_links, struct_ops has a behavior similar to other BPF program
types. You can pin/unpin them from their links and the struct_ops will
be deactivated when its link is removed while previously need someone
to delete the value for it to be deactivated.

bpf_links are responsible for registering their associated
struct_ops. You can only use a struct_ops that has the BPF_F_LINK flag
set to create a bpf_link, while a structs without this flag behaves in
the same manner as before and is registered upon updating its value.

The BPF_LINK_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS serves a dual purpose. Not only is it
used to craft the links for BPF struct_ops programs, but also to
create links for BPF struct_ops them-self.  Since the links of BPF
struct_ops programs are only used to create trampolines internally,
they are never seen in other contexts. Thus, they can be reused for
struct_ops themself.

To maintain a reference to the map supporting this link, we add
bpf_struct_ops_link as an additional type. The pointer of the map is
RCU and won't be necessary until later in the patchset.

Signed-off-by: Kui-Feng Lee <kuifeng@meta.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230323032405.3735486-4-kuifeng@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agonet: Update an existing TCP congestion control algorithm.
Kui-Feng Lee [Thu, 23 Mar 2023 03:23:59 +0000 (20:23 -0700)]
net: Update an existing TCP congestion control algorithm.

This feature lets you immediately transition to another congestion
control algorithm or implementation with the same name.  Once a name
is updated, new connections will apply this new algorithm.

The purpose is to update a customized algorithm implemented in BPF
struct_ops with a new version on the flight.  The following is an
example of using the userspace API implemented in later BPF patches.

   link = bpf_map__attach_struct_ops(skel->maps.ca_update_1);
   .......
   err = bpf_link__update_map(link, skel->maps.ca_update_2);

We first load and register an algorithm implemented in BPF struct_ops,
then swap it out with a new one using the same name. After that, newly
created connections will apply the updated algorithm, while older ones
retain the previous version already applied.

This patch also takes this chance to refactor the ca validation into
the new tcp_validate_congestion_control() function.

Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org, Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kui-Feng Lee <kuifeng@meta.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230323032405.3735486-3-kuifeng@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: Retire the struct_ops map kvalue->refcnt.
Kui-Feng Lee [Thu, 23 Mar 2023 03:23:58 +0000 (20:23 -0700)]
bpf: Retire the struct_ops map kvalue->refcnt.

We have replaced kvalue-refcnt with synchronize_rcu() to wait for an
RCU grace period.

Maintenance of kvalue->refcnt was a complicated task, as we had to
simultaneously keep track of two reference counts: one for the
reference count of bpf_map. When the kvalue->refcnt reaches zero, we
also have to reduce the reference count on bpf_map - yet these steps
are not performed in an atomic manner and require us to be vigilant
when managing them. By eliminating kvalue->refcnt, we can make our
maintenance more straightforward as the refcount of bpf_map is now
solely managed!

To prevent the trampoline image of a struct_ops from being released
while it is still in use, we wait for an RCU grace period. The
setsockopt(TCP_CONGESTION, "...") command allows you to change your
socket's congestion control algorithm and can result in releasing the
old struct_ops implementation. It is fine. However, this function is
exposed through bpf_setsockopt(), it may be accessed by BPF programs
as well. To ensure that the trampoline image belonging to struct_op
can be safely called while its method is in use, the trampoline
safeguarde the BPF program with rcu_read_lock(). Doing so prevents any
destruction of the associated images before returning from a
trampoline and requires us to wait for an RCU grace period.

Signed-off-by: Kui-Feng Lee <kuifeng@meta.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230323032405.3735486-2-kuifeng@meta.com
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: remember meta->iter info only for initialized iters
Andrii Nakryiko [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 23:25:02 +0000 (16:25 -0700)]
bpf: remember meta->iter info only for initialized iters

For iter_new() functions iterator state's slot might not be yet
initialized, in which case iter_get_spi() will return -ERANGE. This is
expected and is handled properly. But for iter_next() and iter_destroy()
cases iter slot is supposed to be initialized and correct, so -ERANGE is
not possible.

Move meta->iter.{spi,frameno} initialization into iter_next/iter_destroy
handling branch to make it more explicit that valid information will be
remembered in meta->iter block for subsequent use in process_iter_next_call(),
avoiding confusingly looking -ERANGE assignment for meta->iter.spi.

Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <error27@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230322232502.836171-1-andrii@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
19 months agoselftests/bpf: Check when bounds are not in the 32-bit range
Xu Kuohai [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 21:30:56 +0000 (22:30 +0100)]
selftests/bpf: Check when bounds are not in the 32-bit range

Add cases to check if bound is updated correctly when 64-bit value is
not in the 32-bit range.

Signed-off-by: Xu Kuohai <xukuohai@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230322213056.2470-2-daniel@iogearbox.net
19 months agobpf: Fix __reg_bound_offset 64->32 var_off subreg propagation
Daniel Borkmann [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 21:30:55 +0000 (22:30 +0100)]
bpf: Fix __reg_bound_offset 64->32 var_off subreg propagation

Xu reports that after commit 3f50f132d840 ("bpf: Verifier, do explicit ALU32
bounds tracking"), the following BPF program is rejected by the verifier:

   0: (61) r2 = *(u32 *)(r1 +0)          ; R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=0,imm=0)
   1: (61) r3 = *(u32 *)(r1 +4)          ; R3_w=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0)
   2: (bf) r1 = r2
   3: (07) r1 += 1
   4: (2d) if r1 > r3 goto pc+8
   5: (71) r1 = *(u8 *)(r2 +0)           ; R1_w=scalar(umax=255,var_off=(0x0; 0xff))
   6: (18) r0 = 0x7fffffffffffff10
   8: (0f) r1 += r0                      ; R1_w=scalar(umin=0x7fffffffffffff10,umax=0x800000000000000f)
   9: (18) r0 = 0x8000000000000000
  11: (07) r0 += 1
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2
  13: (b7) r0 = 0
  14: (95) exit

And the verifier log says:

  func#0 @0
  0: R1=ctx(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  0: (61) r2 = *(u32 *)(r1 +0)          ; R1=ctx(off=0,imm=0) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=0,imm=0)
  1: (61) r3 = *(u32 *)(r1 +4)          ; R1=ctx(off=0,imm=0) R3_w=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0)
  2: (bf) r1 = r2                       ; R1_w=pkt(off=0,r=0,imm=0) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=0,imm=0)
  3: (07) r1 += 1                       ; R1_w=pkt(off=1,r=0,imm=0)
  4: (2d) if r1 > r3 goto pc+8          ; R1_w=pkt(off=1,r=1,imm=0) R3_w=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0)
  5: (71) r1 = *(u8 *)(r2 +0)           ; R1_w=scalar(umax=255,var_off=(0x0; 0xff)) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0)
  6: (18) r0 = 0x7fffffffffffff10       ; R0_w=9223372036854775568
  8: (0f) r1 += r0                      ; R0_w=9223372036854775568 R1_w=scalar(umin=9223372036854775568,umax=9223372036854775823,s32_min=-240,s32_max=15)
  9: (18) r0 = 0x8000000000000000       ; R0_w=-9223372036854775808
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775807
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775807 R1_w=scalar(umin=9223372036854775568,umax=9223372036854775809)
  13: (b7) r0 = 0                       ; R0_w=0
  14: (95) exit

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775807 R1_w=scalar(umin=9223372036854775810,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xffffffff)) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3_w=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775806
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775806 R1_w=scalar(umin=9223372036854775810,umax=9223372036854775810,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xffffffff))
  13: safe

  [...]

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775795 R1=scalar(umin=9223372036854775822,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xffffffff)) R2=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775794
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775794 R1=scalar(umin=9223372036854775822,umax=9223372036854775822,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xffffffff))
  13: safe

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775794 R1=scalar(umin=9223372036854775823,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xffffffff)) R2=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775793
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775793 R1=scalar(umin=9223372036854775823,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xffffffff))
  13: safe

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775793 R1=scalar(umin=9223372036854775824,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xffffffff)) R2=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775792
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775792 R1=scalar(umin=9223372036854775824,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xffffffff))
  13: safe

  [...]

The 64bit umin=9223372036854775810 bound continuously bumps by +1 while
umax=9223372036854775823 stays as-is until the verifier complexity limit
is reached and the program gets finally rejected. During this simulation,
the umin also eventually surpasses umax. Looking at the first 'from 12
to 11' output line from the loop, R1 has the following state:

  R1_w=scalar(umin=0x8000000000000002 (9223372036854775810),
              umax=0x800000000000000f (9223372036854775823),
          var_off=(0x8000000000000000;
                           0xffffffff))

The var_off has technically not an inconsistent state but it's very
imprecise and far off surpassing 64bit umax bounds whereas the expected
output with refined known bits in var_off should have been like:

  R1_w=scalar(umin=0x8000000000000002 (9223372036854775810),
              umax=0x800000000000000f (9223372036854775823),
          var_off=(0x8000000000000000;
                                  0xf))

In the above log, var_off stays as var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xffffffff)
and does not converge into a narrower mask where more bits become known,
eventually transforming R1 into a constant upon umin=9223372036854775823,
umax=9223372036854775823 case where the verifier would have terminated and
let the program pass.

The __reg_combine_64_into_32() marks the subregister unknown and propagates
64bit {s,u}min/{s,u}max bounds to their 32bit equivalents iff they are within
the 32bit universe. The question came up whether __reg_combine_64_into_32()
should special case the situation that when 64bit {s,u}min bounds have
the same value as 64bit {s,u}max bounds to then assign the latter as
well to the 32bit reg->{s,u}32_{min,max}_value. As can be seen from the
above example however, that is just /one/ special case and not a /generic/
solution given above example would still not be addressed this way and
remain at an imprecise var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xffffffff).

The improvement is needed in __reg_bound_offset() to refine var32_off with
the updated var64_off instead of the prior reg->var_off. The reg_bounds_sync()
code first refines information about the register's min/max bounds via
__update_reg_bounds() from the current var_off, then in __reg_deduce_bounds()
from sign bit and with the potentially learned bits from bounds it'll
update the var_off tnum in __reg_bound_offset(). For example, intersecting
with the old var_off might have improved bounds slightly, e.g. if umax
was 0x7f...f and var_off was (0; 0xf...fc), then new var_off will then
result in (0; 0x7f...fc). The intersected var64_off holds then the
universe which is a superset of var32_off. The point for the latter is
not to broaden, but to further refine known bits based on the intersection
of var_off with 32 bit bounds, so that we later construct the final var_off
from upper and lower 32 bits. The final __update_reg_bounds() can then
potentially still slightly refine bounds if more bits became known from the
new var_off.

After the improvement, we can see R1 converging successively:

  func#0 @0
  0: R1=ctx(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  0: (61) r2 = *(u32 *)(r1 +0)          ; R1=ctx(off=0,imm=0) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=0,imm=0)
  1: (61) r3 = *(u32 *)(r1 +4)          ; R1=ctx(off=0,imm=0) R3_w=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0)
  2: (bf) r1 = r2                       ; R1_w=pkt(off=0,r=0,imm=0) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=0,imm=0)
  3: (07) r1 += 1                       ; R1_w=pkt(off=1,r=0,imm=0)
  4: (2d) if r1 > r3 goto pc+8          ; R1_w=pkt(off=1,r=1,imm=0) R3_w=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0)
  5: (71) r1 = *(u8 *)(r2 +0)           ; R1_w=scalar(umax=255,var_off=(0x0; 0xff)) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0)
  6: (18) r0 = 0x7fffffffffffff10       ; R0_w=9223372036854775568
  8: (0f) r1 += r0                      ; R0_w=9223372036854775568 R1_w=scalar(umin=9223372036854775568,umax=9223372036854775823,s32_min=-240,s32_max=15)
  9: (18) r0 = 0x8000000000000000       ; R0_w=-9223372036854775808
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775807
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775807 R1_w=scalar(umin=9223372036854775568,umax=9223372036854775809)
  13: (b7) r0 = 0                       ; R0_w=0
  14: (95) exit

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775807 R1_w=scalar(umin=9223372036854775810,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xf),s32_min=0,s32_max=15,u32_max=15) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3_w=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775806
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775806 R1_w=-9223372036854775806
  13: safe

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775806 R1_w=scalar(umin=9223372036854775811,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xf),s32_min=0,s32_max=15,u32_max=15) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3_w=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775805
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775805 R1_w=-9223372036854775805
  13: safe

  [...]

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775798 R1=scalar(umin=9223372036854775819,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000008; 0x7),s32_min=8,s32_max=15,u32_min=8,u32_max=15) R2=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775797
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775797 R1=-9223372036854775797
  13: safe

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775797 R1=scalar(umin=9223372036854775820,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x800000000000000c; 0x3),s32_min=12,s32_max=15,u32_min=12,u32_max=15) R2=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775796
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775796 R1=-9223372036854775796
  13: safe

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775796 R1=scalar(umin=9223372036854775821,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x800000000000000c; 0x3),s32_min=12,s32_max=15,u32_min=12,u32_max=15) R2=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775795
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775795 R1=-9223372036854775795
  13: safe

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775795 R1=scalar(umin=9223372036854775822,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x800000000000000e; 0x1),s32_min=14,s32_max=15,u32_min=14,u32_max=15) R2=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775794
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2         ; R0_w=-9223372036854775794 R1=-9223372036854775794
  13: safe

  from 12 to 11: R0_w=-9223372036854775794 R1=-9223372036854775793 R2=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  11: (07) r0 += 1                      ; R0_w=-9223372036854775793
  12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2
  last_idx 12 first_idx 12
  parent didn't have regs=1 stack=0 marks: R0_rw=P-9223372036854775801 R1_r=scalar(umin=9223372036854775815,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xf),s32_min=0,s32_max=15,u32_max=15) R2=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  last_idx 11 first_idx 11
  regs=1 stack=0 before 11: (07) r0 += 1
  parent didn't have regs=1 stack=0 marks: R0_rw=P-9223372036854775805 R1_rw=scalar(umin=9223372036854775812,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xf),s32_min=0,s32_max=15,u32_max=15) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3_w=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  last_idx 12 first_idx 0
  regs=1 stack=0 before 12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2
  regs=1 stack=0 before 11: (07) r0 += 1
  regs=1 stack=0 before 12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2
  regs=1 stack=0 before 11: (07) r0 += 1
  regs=1 stack=0 before 12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2
  regs=1 stack=0 before 11: (07) r0 += 1
  regs=1 stack=0 before 9: (18) r0 = 0x8000000000000000
  last_idx 12 first_idx 12
  parent didn't have regs=2 stack=0 marks: R0_rw=P-9223372036854775801 R1_r=Pscalar(umin=9223372036854775815,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xf),s32_min=0,s32_max=15,u32_max=15) R2=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  last_idx 11 first_idx 11
  regs=2 stack=0 before 11: (07) r0 += 1
  parent didn't have regs=2 stack=0 marks: R0_rw=P-9223372036854775805 R1_rw=Pscalar(umin=9223372036854775812,umax=9223372036854775823,var_off=(0x8000000000000000; 0xf),s32_min=0,s32_max=15,u32_max=15) R2_w=pkt(off=0,r=1,imm=0) R3_w=pkt_end(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
  last_idx 12 first_idx 0
  regs=2 stack=0 before 12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2
  regs=2 stack=0 before 11: (07) r0 += 1
  regs=2 stack=0 before 12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2
  regs=2 stack=0 before 11: (07) r0 += 1
  regs=2 stack=0 before 12: (ad) if r0 < r1 goto pc-2
  regs=2 stack=0 before 11: (07) r0 += 1
  regs=2 stack=0 before 9: (18) r0 = 0x8000000000000000
  regs=2 stack=0 before 8: (0f) r1 += r0
  regs=3 stack=0 before 6: (18) r0 = 0x7fffffffffffff10
  regs=2 stack=0 before 5: (71) r1 = *(u8 *)(r2 +0)
  13: safe

  from 4 to 13: safe
  verification time 322 usec
  stack depth 0
  processed 56 insns (limit 1000000) max_states_per_insn 1 total_states 3 peak_states 3 mark_read 1

This also fixes up a test case along with this improvement where we match
on the verifier log. The updated log now has a refined var_off, too.

Fixes: 3f50f132d840 ("bpf: Verifier, do explicit ALU32 bounds tracking")
Reported-by: Xu Kuohai <xukuohai@huaweicloud.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230314203424.4015351-2-xukuohai@huaweicloud.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230322213056.2470-1-daniel@iogearbox.net
19 months agoMerge branch 'error checking where helpers call bpf_map_ops'
Alexei Starovoitov [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 22:11:07 +0000 (15:11 -0700)]
Merge branch 'error checking where helpers call bpf_map_ops'

JP Kobryn says:

====================

Within bpf programs, the bpf helper functions can make inline calls to
kernel functions. In this scenario there can be a disconnect between the
register the kernel function writes a return value to and the register the
bpf program uses to evaluate that return value.

As an example, this bpf code:

long err = bpf_map_update_elem(...);
if (err && err != -EEXIST)
// got some error other than -EEXIST

...can result in the bpf assembly:

; err = bpf_map_update_elem(&mymap, &key, &val, BPF_NOEXIST);
  37: movabs $0xffff976a10730400,%rdi
  41: mov    $0x1,%ecx
  46: call   0xffffffffe103291c ; htab_map_update_elem
; if (err && err != -EEXIST) {
  4b: cmp    $0xffffffffffffffef,%rax ; cmp -EEXIST,%rax
  4f: je     0x000000000000008e
  51: test   %rax,%rax
  54: je     0x000000000000008e

The compare operation here evaluates %rax, while in the preceding call to
htab_map_update_elem the corresponding assembly returns -EEXIST via %eax
(the lower 32 bits of %rax):

movl $0xffffffef, %r9d
...
movl %r9d, %eax

...since it's returning int (32-bit). So the resulting comparison becomes:

cmp $0xffffffffffffffef, $0x00000000ffffffef

...making it not possible to check for negative errors or specific errors,
since the sign value is left at the 32nd bit. It means in the original
example, the conditional branch will be entered even when the error is
-EEXIST, which was not intended.

The selftests added cover these cases for the different bpf_map_ops
functions. When the second patch is applied, changing the return type of
those functions to long, the comparison works as intended and the tests
pass.
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf: return long from bpf_map_ops funcs
JP Kobryn [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 19:47:54 +0000 (12:47 -0700)]
bpf: return long from bpf_map_ops funcs

This patch changes the return types of bpf_map_ops functions to long, where
previously int was returned. Using long allows for bpf programs to maintain
the sign bit in the absence of sign extension during situations where
inlined bpf helper funcs make calls to the bpf_map_ops funcs and a negative
error is returned.

The definitions of the helper funcs are generated from comments in the bpf
uapi header at `include/uapi/linux/bpf.h`. The return type of these
helpers was previously changed from int to long in commit bdb7b79b4ce8. For
any case where one of the map helpers call the bpf_map_ops funcs that are
still returning 32-bit int, a compiler might not include sign extension
instructions to properly convert the 32-bit negative value a 64-bit
negative value.

For example:
bpf assembly excerpt of an inlined helper calling a kernel function and
checking for a specific error:

; err = bpf_map_update_elem(&mymap, &key, &val, BPF_NOEXIST);
  ...
  46: call   0xffffffffe103291c ; htab_map_update_elem
; if (err && err != -EEXIST) {
  4b: cmp    $0xffffffffffffffef,%rax ; cmp -EEXIST,%rax

kernel function assembly excerpt of return value from
`htab_map_update_elem` returning 32-bit int:

movl $0xffffffef, %r9d
...
movl %r9d, %eax

...results in the comparison:
cmp $0xffffffffffffffef, $0x00000000ffffffef

Fixes: bdb7b79b4ce8 ("bpf: Switch most helper return values from 32-bit int to 64-bit long")
Tested-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: JP Kobryn <inwardvessel@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230322194754.185781-3-inwardvessel@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
19 months agobpf/selftests: coverage for bpf_map_ops errors
JP Kobryn [Wed, 22 Mar 2023 19:47:53 +0000 (12:47 -0700)]
bpf/selftests: coverage for bpf_map_ops errors

These tests expose the issue of being unable to properly check for errors
returned from inlined bpf map helpers that make calls to the bpf_map_ops
functions. At best, a check for zero or non-zero can be done but these
tests show it is not possible to check for a negative value or for a
specific error value.

Signed-off-by: JP Kobryn <inwardvessel@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230322194754.185781-2-inwardvessel@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>