doc: update path.extname documentation

per: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/8509

originally submitted by @thauburger

Adding an additional example to path.extname documentation
to demonstrate the case where the first character of the last
path component is '.'. This case is interesting, as something
like path.extname('.txt') returns an empty string. In this
case, .txt can be used as a valid file name (while arguably
maintaining an extension). I agree with Node's behavior in this
case, but I think the added example provides additional clarity
for the developer.

Reviewed By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2378

doc: small clarifications to modules.markdown

per: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/8708

A modified version of the original PR submitted by @builtbylane.

Reviewed By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2378

doc: code style cleanups in repl.markdown

per: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/8778

originally submitted by @reggi

Reviewed By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2378

doc: correct grammar in cluster.markdown

per: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/14352

originally submitted by @AlexKVal

Reviewed By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2378

doc: Clarify the module.parent is set once

Per: https://github.com/jorrit/node/commit/54a7f79a4a2ecb9c6f235a03287fe2992f19f0bb

Fixes: https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/6149

Originally submitted by @jorrit

Reviewed By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2378

test: speed up test-child-process-spawnsync.js

There's a bunch of stuff in test-child-process-spawnsync.js that seems
designed to test that it is in fact blocking/synchronous. However, that
code really just tests the OS sleep command. Change `sleep 1` to `sleep
0` and shave about one second off the test run.`

We check the return status to confirm the command is successful. The
tests in this file in general would not work if spawnSync() were
asynchronous. That includes this one, as a return status would not be
available if the command where asynchronous.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2542
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>

build: only define NODE_V8_OPTIONS if not empty

Previously, V8::SetFlagsFromString was called on every launch even if
NODE_V8_OPTIONS was an empty string. This patch only defines
NODE_V8_OPTIONS if node_v8_options is not an empty string.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2532
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>

doc: add internal modules notice

Explicitly note that these modules should not be used outside of core.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2523
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Michaël Zasso <mic.besace@gmail.com>

test: make spawnSync() test robust

The test had checked that a timer fired within a period after
spawnSync() returns. The result was a test that sometimes was
flaky.

Because there's no guarantee of how long a timer will take
before running, remove the check. There is a check that the
timer runs after spawnSync() so that is sufficient.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2535
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2470
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

win,msi: Upgrade from old upgrade code

This enables the MSI to upgrade old Node.js versions and
early versions of io.js before the upgrade code was changed.

This also reverts 24def662936ae8c15770ede0344cd7a7402a63ef.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2439
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>

tools: make add-on scraper print filenames

Make the tool that generates add-ons from doc/api/addons.markdown print
the names of the files it writes out.  Before this commit, it printed a
rather unhelpful "Done."

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2428
Reviewed-By: Johan Bergström <bugs@bergstroem.nu>
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>

build: make ci test addons in test/addons

Make `make test-addons` part of the `make test-ci` target.

Use order-only prerequisites to make generating and building the add-ons
concurrency-safe when $JOBS > 1 and fudge the dependency on $(NODE_EXE)
so that add-ons are only rebuilt when needed instead of all the time.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2428
Reviewed-By: Johan Bergström <bugs@bergstroem.nu>
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>

doc: update changelog for io.js v3.2.0

Notable changes:

* events: Added EventEmitter#listenerCount(event) as a replacement for
  EventEmitter.listenerCount(emitter, event), which has now been
  marked as deprecated in the docs. (Sakthipriyan Vairamani) #2349
* module: Fixed an error with preloaded modules when the current
  working directory doesn't exist. (Bradley Meck) #2353
* node: Startup time is now about 5% faster when not passing V8 flags.
  (Evan Lucas) #2483
* repl: Tab-completion now works better with arrays.
  (James M Snell) #2409
* string_bytes: Fixed an unaligned write in the handling of UCS2
  encoding. (Fedor Indutny) #2480
* tls: Added a new --tls-cipher-list flag that can be used to override
  the built-in default cipher list. (James M Snell) #2412

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2512

test: refactor test-https-simple.js

This refactoring:

* eliminates the need for the external `curl` command
* speeds the test by running the two test requests simultaneously
* checks the type of error in the test that expects a failure
    (previously, any error type would cause the test to pass)

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2433
Reviewed-By: Brendan Ashworth <brendan.ashworth@me.com>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>

build: use required platform in android-configure

The introduction of libuv 1.6.0 broke the android-configure script by
not specifying the correct platform. uv_os_homedir uses getpwuid_r
which was not made public until API level 21 on android.

The regression was introduced in a804026...b5cd2f0

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2501
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

stream: rename poorly named function

roundUpToNextPowerOf2() does more than just rounding up to the next
power of two.  Rename it to computeNewHighWaterMark().

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2479
Reviewed-By: Chris Dickinson <christopher.s.dickinson@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>

stream: micro-optimize high water mark calculation

Don't iterate over all 32 bits, use some hacker's delight bit twiddling
to compute the next power of two.

The logic can be reduced to `n = 1 << 32 - Math.clz32(n)` but then it
can't easily be backported to v2.x; Math.clz32() was added in V8 4.3.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2479
Reviewed-By: Chris Dickinson <christopher.s.dickinson@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>

stream: fix off-by-factor-16 error in comment

The high watermark is capped at 8 MB, not 128 MB like the comment
in lib/_stream_readable.js said.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2479
Reviewed-By: Chris Dickinson <christopher.s.dickinson@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>

module: fix module preloading when cwd is ENOENT

Fixes a regression from 5759722cfacf17cc79651c81801a5e03521db053
that prevented modules from being preloaded if the cwd does not exist.
Absolute and builtin modules now preload correctly again.

Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/1803
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2353
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rockemail.com>

test: remove test-timers-first-fire

According to the documentation, "io.js makes no guarantees
about the exact timing of when the callback will fire"
(https://iojs.org/api/timers.html#timers_settimeout_callback_delay_arg),
hence this test is not necessary.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2458
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <ben@strongloop.com>
Reviewed-By: Alexis Campailla <alexis@janeasystems.com>

win: fix custom actions for WiX older than 3.9

This is a port of joyent/node@e192f61514cd1500de895cb10128d412f842d7d0 .

Original commit message:

  Older WiX versions included a header with extern "C" declaration,
  hence the custom action source must be C++.

Reviewed-By: João Reis <reis@janeasystems.com>
  PR-URL: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/25569

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2365
Reviewed-By: Alexis Campailla <alexis@janeasystems.com>

win: fix custom actions on Visual Studio != 2013

This is a port of joyent/node@16bcd68dc5f449c331499ced22aa626dbb2cdefc .

Original commit message:

  The original change that added support for running custom actions
  during the install process
  (joyent/node@e7c84f82c730bddb7450dc56065aab11b93ffd30) assumed that
  Visual Studio 2013 is used to generate the installer file.

  However, that is not always the case, and older versions of Visual
  Studio should allow users to generate Windows installer files. This
  change makes the custom actions visual studio project use the visual
  studio version that is found by vcbuild.bat.

Reviewed-By: João Reis <reis@janeasystems.com>
  PR-URL: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/25569

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2365
Reviewed-By: Alexis Campailla <alexis@janeasystems.com>

doc: make the deprecations consistent

The deprecation messages in the documentations should be in the format

    Stability: 0 - Deprecated: Use [alternate] instead.

so that they will be consistent.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2450
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

doc: fix CHANGELOG.md on master

This patch applies the diff of CHANGELOG from v3.x branch to master,
corresponding to the 3.1.0 release.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2456
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2502

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2513
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>

doc: document deprecation of util.is* functions

This patch documentes the deprecation of util.is* functions.
As per the deprecation policy dicussion, nodejs/dev-policy/issues/49,
we need to start with documenting the deprecation. So, this is
the first step towards officially removing them.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2447
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>

node: additional cleanup for node rename

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2361
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2367
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>

process: make process.release.name "node"

This commit sets the value of process.release.name to "node".

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2361
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2367
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>

installer: fix installers for node.js rename

This commit completes the io.js to Node.js rename in the
Windows installer.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2418
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2367
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: João Reis <reis@janeasystems.com>

node: rename from io.js to node

This commit replaces instances of io.js with Node.js, based on the
recent convergence. There are some remaining instances of io.js,
related to build and the installer.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2361
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2367
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: João Reis <reis@janeasystems.com>

test: use reserved IP in test-net-connect-timeout

Use reserved IP in test-net-connect-timeout.js rather than arbitrary
IP.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2257
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2469
Reviewed By: Ben Noordhuis <ben@strongloop.com>

doc: fix comments in tls_wrap.cc and _http_client.js

fixed grammatically wrong expressions to make it clear

Reviewed By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2490
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2489

tools: add license boilerplate to check-imports.sh

Per: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/6962

This applies only the first commit from https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/6962.

/cc @bnoorduis

Reviewed By: Ben Noordhuis <ben@strongloop.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2386

tls: add --tls-cipher-list command line switch

This adds a new `--tls-cipher-list` command line switch
that can be used to override the built-in default cipher
list. The intent of this is to make it possible to enforce
an alternative default cipher list at the process level.
Overriding the default cipher list is still permitted at
the application level by changing the value of
`require('tls').DEFAULT_CIPHERS`.

As part of the change, the built in default list is moved
out of tls.js and into node_constants.h and node_constants.cc.
Two new constants are added to require('constants'):

  * defaultCipherList (the active default cipher list)
  * defaultCoreCipherList (the built-in default cipher list)

A test case and doc changes are included.

A new NODE_DEFINE_STRING_CONSTANT macro is also created in
node_internals.h

When node_constants is initialized, it will pick up either
the passed in command line switch or fallback to the default
built-in suite.

Within joyent/node, this change had originaly been wrapped
up with a number of other related commits involving the
removal of the RC4 cipher. This breaks out this isolated
change.

/cc @mhdawson, @misterdjules, @trevnorris, @indutny, @rvagg

Reviewed By: Ben Noordhuis <ben@strongloop.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2412

doc: document response.finished in http.markdown

Adds mention of response.finished to http.markdown
Originally submitted by @hackerjs. The original
commit needed a bit of cleanup on grammar.

Reviewed By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed By: Michaël Zasso <mic.besace@gmail.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2414

doc: update AUTHORS list

Update AUTHORS list using tools/update-authors.sh
Fix @muddletoes' .mailmap entry

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2505
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

tools: enable space-after-keywords in eslint

Requires that you do:

  if (x) { ... }

Rather than:

  if(x) { ... }

test: add spaces after keywords

eg changes:

  if(x) { ... }

to:

  if (x) { ... }

fs: replace bad_args macro with concrete error msg

Instead of throwing an error with `Bad arguments` the fs methods
return a concrete error message. If an argument is missing, the
methods throw an error with the information, what is missing.
In case of a type mismatch, they throw an error with some hints,
what datatype is expected.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2495
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>

tools: fix anchors in generated documents

When an anchor tag is used within a pre tag, the link is not
distinguishable. This patch makes sure that the links are highlighted
by underlining them.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2491
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>

doc: update AUTHORS list

Update AUTHORS list using tools/update-authors.sh

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2318
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

doc: add TSC meeting minutes 2015-07-29

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2437
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

doc: add TSC meeting minutes 2015-08-19

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2460
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

doc: add TSC meeting minutes 2015-06-03

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2453
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

doc: fix links to original converged repo

nodejs/node -> nodejs/node-convergence-archive

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2454
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

doc: fix links to original gh issues for TSC meetings

nodejs/node -> nodejs/node-convergence-archive

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2454
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

doc: add audio recording links to TSC meeting minutes

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2454
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

repl: filter integer keys from repl tab complete list

Refactored version of https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/25819

Removes integer keys (and keys starting with numbers) from
candidate list on repl tab complete. Refactored the originally
submitted change to simplify and ensure that the integer keys
do not show up on objects either.

Reviewed By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2409

buffer: reapply 07c0667

Original commit message:

    buffer: align chunks on 8-byte boundary

    When slicing global pool - ensure that the underlying buffer's data
    ptr is 8-byte alignment to do not ruin expectations of 3rd party C++
    addons.

    NOTE: 0.10 node.js always returned aligned pointers and io.js should
    do this too for compatibility.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2487
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>

string_bytes: fix unaligned write in UCS2

Support unaligned output buffer when writing out UCS2 in
`StringBytes::Write`.

Fix: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2457
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2480
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>

src: improve startup time

Previously, V8:SetFlagsFromCommandLine was being called even if v8_argc
was 0. This change prevents that from being called unless v8 arguments
are actually passed.

Improves startup time by about 5%.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2483
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>

doc: add TSC meeting minutes 2015-07-22

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2436
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

crypto: fix mem {de}allocation in ExportChallenge

Use correct deallocator for returned buffera.
Don't free internal structure via ASN1_STRING_data.
Deallocate NETSCAPE_SPKI.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2359
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>

tls: handle empty cert in checkServerIndentity

This resolves joyent/node#9272. `tlsSocket.getPeerCertificate` will
return an empty object when the peer does not provide a certificate,
but, prior to this, when the certificate is empty, `checkServerIdentity`
would throw because the `subject` wasn't present on the cert.
`checkServerIdentity` must return an error, not throw one, so this
returns an error when the cert is empty instead of throwing
a `TypeError`.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2343
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>
Reviewed-By: Shigeki Ohtsu <ohtsu@iij.ad.jp>

doc: fix spelling mistake in node.js comment

Per: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/8876

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2391
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>

test: remove unreachable code

There is no way a line can be called after throwing an exception.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2289
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>
Reviewed-By: Brendan Ashworth <brendan.ashworth@me.com>

test: disallow unreachable code

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2289
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>
Reviewed-By: Brendan Ashworth <brendan.ashworth@me.com>

repl: dont throw ENOENT on NODE_REPL_HISTORY_FILE

If you have no history file written to disk, but the environment
variable set, `fs.readFileSync` will throw an ENOENT error,
but there's nothing to convert. The converter should ignore
ENOENT on that `fs.readFileSync` call.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2449
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2451
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>

stream_base: various improvements

Expose and use in TLSWrap an `v8::External` wrap of the
`StreamBase*` pointer instead of guessing the ancestor C++ class in
`node_wrap.h`.

Make use of `StreamBase::Callback` structure for storing/passing both
callback and context in a single object.

Introduce `GetObject()` for future user-land usage, when a child class
is not going to be inherited from AsyncWrap.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2351
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>

test: reduce timeouts in test-net-keepalive

Previously 1000-1200ms, they're now (platform dependent) 50-100ms.

Improves test run time on my machine from 0m1.335s to 0m0.236s.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2429
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>

test: improve test-net-server-pause-on-connect

Previously the test had a massive timeout (3s!), reduce this to a
platform specific timeout of 50ms.

This test runs two servers at the same time in an attempt to compare
behaviour. I've added a check to make sure one event fires before the
other event, as is expected, but that is a possible race condition.

Improves test run time on my machine from 0m3.141s to 0m0.356s.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2429
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>

test: improve test-net-pingpong

This includes the following changes:
- a more strict data check rather than a regex
- reduced number of annoying log calls

The most important of the changes is the annoying log calls, which
speeds up the test execution from about 0m1.130s to 0m0.481s on my
machine.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2429
Reviewed-By: Rich Trott <rtrott@gmail.com>

events: deprecate static listenerCount function

As per the discussion in #734, this patch deprecates the usage of
`EventEmitter.listenerCount` static function in the docs, and introduces
the `listenerCount` function in the prototype of `EventEmitter` itself.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2349
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Brian White <mscdex@mscdex.net>

Update FIPS instructions in README.md

Update the instructions to follow the requirements
in the security policy and user guide

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2278
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2242
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <r@va.gg>

test: drop Isolate::GetCurrent() from addon tests

v8::Isolate::GetCurrent() is not exactly deprecated at this point but
its use is strongly discouraged.  Update the addon tests so they no
longer use it.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2427
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>

test: lint addon tests

Add files in test/addon to the `make cpplint` rule and fix up existing
style issues.  Tests scraped from doc/api/addon.md are filtered out
because those are predominantly for illustrative purposes.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2427
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>

doc: clarify options for fs.watchFile()

The explanation for the `options` argument to `fs.watchFile()` had
missing punctuation. I took the opportunity to try to rewrite the
paragraph for greater clarity.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2425
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Brendan Ashworth <brendan.ashworth@me.com>

test: refactor test-fs-watchfile.js

The test no longer waits about 5 seconds between callback invocations.

It now writes to the tmp directory rather than the fixtures directory.

Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2393

src: better error message on failed Buffer malloc

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2422
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

crypto: check for OpenSSL errors when signing

Errors might be injected into OpenSSL's error stack
without the return value of `PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey` being set to
`nullptr`. See the test of `test_bad_rsa_privkey.pem` for an
example.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2342
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>

tls: fix throughput issues after incorrect merge

1e066e4a was done incorrectly and has overwritten an important change
in: c17449df. Using bigger output buffer increases performance in 3-4
times.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2381
Fix: https://github.com/joyent/node/issues/25803
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>

tools: run the tick processor without building v8

Currently, v8 native deps must be built in order to run the log
processor on node profiling output. These scripts use node instead
of d8 to remove this dependency.

This change was originally proposed to the v8 team but since the
changes are not v8 specific, we have moved the proposal here. See:
https://codereview.chromium.org/1179173009/

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2090
Reviewed-By: Ali Ijaz Sheikh <ofrobots@google.com>
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>

crypto: fix memory leak in PBKDF2Request

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2375
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

crypto: fix memory leak in ECDH::SetPrivateKey

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2375
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

crypto: fix memory leak in PublicKeyCipher::Cipher

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2375
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

crypto: fix memory leak in SafeX509ExtPrint

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2375
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

crypto: fix memory leak in SetDHParam

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2375
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

src: fix memory leak in DLOpen

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2375
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

test: correct spelling of 'childProcess'

Per: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/8715

Cleans up a minor spelling error in two tests.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2389
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>

path: use '===' instead of '==' for comparison

Per: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/7554

Originally submitted by @stites

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2388
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>

src: don't use fopen() in require() fast path

Fix a regression that was introduced in commit 1bbf8d0 ("lib: speed up
require(), phase 2") where file paths with Unicode characters fail to
load on Windows.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2236
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2377
Reviewed-By: Bert Belder <bertbelder@gmail.com>

build: work around VS2015 issue in ICU <56

The particular ufile.c is from
http://bugs.icu-project.org/trac/changeset/37704
and should be OK for ICU 54 and 55.

Also, adds general mechanism for floating patches on top of ICU.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2279
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2283
Reviewed-By: João Reis <reis@janeasystems.com>

src: rename Buffer::Use() to Buffer::New()

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2308
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2352
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>

src: introduce internal Buffer::Copy() function

Rename the three argument overload of Buffer::New() to Buffer::Copy()
and update the code base accordingly.  The reason for renaming is to
make it impossible to miss a call site.

This coincidentally plugs a small memory leak in crypto.getAuthTag().

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2308
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2352
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>

src: move internal functions out of node_buffer.h

The circular dependency problem that put them there in the first place
is no longer an issue.  Move them out of the public node_buffer.h header
and into the private node_internals.h header.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2308
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2352
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>

src: plug memory leaks

In a few places dynamic memory was passed to the Buffer::New() overload
that makes a copy of the input, not the one that takes ownership.

This commit is a band-aid to fix the memory leaks.  Longer term, we
should look into using C++11 move semantics more effectively.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2308
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2352
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <fedor@indutny.com>
Reviewed-By: Trevor Norris <trev.norris@gmail.com>

build: intl: converge from joyent/node

* turn on small-icu by default for builds (Makefile+Windows)
* add license info from ICU
  http://source.icu-project.org/repos/icu/icu/trunk/license.html
  All text pasted. Long lines wrapped. (original is HTML.)

Port from joyent/node of:
* https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/26
 * port of joyent/node 67f87a743dee4951374dd240c25e31cd507e6c5f
* https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/9038
 * Merge from joyent/node 70d04e7f35667381aa6e9d76f56ea962c019d5bc
 * Merge from joyent/node 6168fe6720650052728f3e78a495b723f0b41ce3
 * merge from joyent/node e67073256d847be085be7049cd1d6ebd8d86ac62

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2264
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/238

build: Intl: bump ICU4C from 54 to 55

node was using ICU4C 54 ( released 2014-oct-06 )

* Bump to ICU4C 55 ( released 2015-apr-08)
 * Timezone fixes, translation fixes, bug/performance fixes.
 * Speed improvements in date formatting
 * ICU4C 55 changelog: http://site.icu-project.org/download/55
 * CLDR 27 changelog: http://cldr.unicode.org/index/downloads/cldr-27

* Retarget the file exclusions from ICU4C 54 to ICU4C 55
 * (improves on-disk footprint on some platforms)

Reviewed-By: João Reis <reis@janeasystems.com>
Reviewed-By: Johan Bergström <bugs@bergstroem.nu>
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/2292
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/2293

test: option to run a subset of tests

With this option, tests can be divided in groups and only one is run
from each group. This enables us to parallelize the tests across
multiple machines.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2260
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Rod Vagg <rod@vagg.org>
Reviewed-By: Alexis Campailla <alexis@janeasystems.com>

crypto: show exponent in decimal and hex

The exponent value was already in hex, but missing the 0x prefix which
could be confusing.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2320
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

src: add total_available_size to v8 statistics

v8 introduced the new flag `total_available_size` in version 4.4
and upwards. This flag is now available on `v8.getHeapStatistics`
with the name `total_available_size`. It contains the total
available heap size of v8.

Introduced with commit: v8/v8-git-mirror@0a1352a7

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2348
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>

build: expand ~ in install prefix early

The install prefix gets written to config.gypi and config.mk.  Tildes
were expanded in the first file but not in the second one, causing the
`make install` target to install files to a directory named `~` in
the current working directory.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/75
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2307
Reviewed-By: Johan Bergström <bugs@bergstroem.nu>
Reviewed-By: Sakthipriyan Vairamani <thechargingvolcano@gmail.com>

test: clarify dropMembership() call

According to docs, dropMembership() is automatically called
by the kernel when the socket is closed, and most apps will
never need to call it. It's called here as a sanity check
only so let's note that with a comment.

Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2062

path: remove dead code in favor of unit tests

Remove dead code paths that are created by assertions that will never
trigger. They may only trigger if either the `splitDeviceRe` or
`splitPathRe` regular expressions are modified. If at some point they
are modified, current unit tests will catch most of the resulting
errors and this commit adds extra tests to catch the remaining errors.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2282
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>

build: update manifest to include Windows 10

Windows 10 wasn't listed in the executable manifest.
This caused problems with trying to detect Windows 10
via `os.release()`.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2332
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>

util: display constructor when inspecting objects

This commit modifies util.inspect(obj) to additionally show the name of
the function that constructed the object. This often reveals useful
information about the object's prototype. In other words, instead of

> new Cls
{}

we have

> new Cls
Cls {}

This also works with exotic objects:

> class ArrayCls extends Array {}
> new ArrayCls(1, 2, 3)
ArrayCls [ 1, 2, 3 ]

The names of "trivial" constructors like Object and Array are not shown,
unless there is a mismatch between the object representation and the
prototype:

> Object.create([])
Array {}

This feature is inspired by browser devtools.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/1935
Reviewed-By: Roman Reiss <me@silverwind.io>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>

tls: fix check for reused session

When TLS Session Ticket is renewed by server - no Certificate record is
to the client. We are prepared for empty certificate in this case, but
this relies on the session reuse check, which was implemented
incorrectly and was returning false when the TLS Session Ticket was
renewed.

Use session reuse check provided by OpenSSL instead.

Fix: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/issues/2304
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2312
Reviewed-By: Shigeki Ohtsu <ohtsu@iij.ad.jp>

tls: introduce internal `onticketkeycallback`

`enableTicketKeyCallback` and `onticketkeycallback` could be potentially
used to renew the TLS Session Tickets before they expire. However this
commit will introduce it only for private use yet, because we are not
sure about the API, and already need this feature for testing.

See: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/issues/2304
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2312
Reviewed-By: Shigeki Ohtsu <ohtsu@iij.ad.jp>

test: make listen-fd-cluster/server more robust

- eliminate unnecessary intermediate process ("parent")
- children exit if runner dies unexpectedly (killed on a test timeout,
  for example)
- use explicit messaging from children to parents to indicate when
  worker is ready to accept http requests, rather than racing to see
  whether runner will make request before worker is listening

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/1944
Reviewed-By: Johan Bergstrom <bugs@bergstroem.nu>
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <ben@strongloop.com>

net: ensure Socket reported address is current

Any time the connection state or the underlying handle itself changes,
the socket's name (aka, local address) can change.

To deal with this we need to reset the cached sockname any time we
set or unset the internal handle or an existing handle establishes a
connection.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2095
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>
Reviewed-By: Jeremiah Senkpiel <fishrock123@rocketmail.com>

test: address timing issues in simple http tests

simple tests test-http-request-end.js, test-http-default-encoding.js
hangs in AIX. The root cause for both the failures is related to the
timing with which packets are sent between the client and server.
On the client side, one factor that affects the timing is Nagle's
algorithm. With Nagle enabled there may be a delay between two packets
as the stack may wait until either:
  a. An acknowledgement for the first packet is received, or
  b. 200 ms elapses.
before sending the second packet.

Similarly at the server side 2 sequential packages can be delivered to
the application either together or separatly.

On AIX we see that they are delivered separately to the server, while on
Linux delivered together. If we change the timing, for example disabling
Nagle on AIX we see the 2 packets delivered together and the tests pass.

In the test case simple/test-http-request-end.js, the client request
handler of the server receives and stores the data in a data callback,
closes the server in a request end callback, and writes to the client
and ends the response, in-line with the request receipt. An HTTP parser
module parses the incoming message, and invokes callback routines which
are registered for HTTP events (such as header, body, end etc.)

Because the termination sequence arrive in a separate packet, there is a
delay in parsing that message and identify that the client request ended
(and thereby invoke the request end call backhandler). Due to this delay,
the response close happens first, which in-turn destroys the server
socket leading to the fd and watcher removal from the uv loop abandoning
further events on this connection, and end call back never being called,
causing the reported hang.  simple/test-http-default-encoding.js suffers
from the same problem.

Also, remove the timer logic from the test case. Test harness anyways
contain a timer which controls the individual tests so remove such
controls from the test case, as suggested by @tjfontaine

Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <michael_dawson@ca.ibm.com>
PR-URL: https://github.com/joyent/node/pull/9432

PORT-FROM: joyent/node @ 13e1131406b2239f99962ecc05b8179aa781d0f8
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/io.js/pull/2294
Reviewed-By: Fedor Indutny <fedor.indutny@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl>