From: Perl 5 Porters Date: Thu, 10 Oct 1996 01:08:41 +0000 (+0000) Subject: New version. X-Git-Url: http://review.tizen.org/git/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=a56dbb1cc827eb9e58050762493df3b5c0354065;p=platform%2Fupstream%2Fperl.git New version. --- diff --git a/README.os2 b/README.os2 index 3af22d1..f5bf87d 100644 --- a/README.os2 +++ b/README.os2 @@ -1,832 +1,1260 @@ -Contents: - Notes on the patch - IMPORTANT NOTE - Target - Binary Install - Reading the docs - Quieting warnings - Notes on build on OS/2 - Compile summary - Tests which fail - Calls to external programs - OS/2 extensions - Report from the battlefield on 5.002_01 - -Notes on the patch: -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -patches in ./os2 should be applied as - patch -p0 <..... -All the diff.* files and POSIX.mkfifo should be applied. - -Additional files are available on - ftp://ftp.math.ohio-state.edu/pub/users/ilya/os2 -including patched pdksh and gnumake, needed for build. - - <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< -IMPORTANT NOTE <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< - <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< - -Note with the release 5.003_01 the dynamically loadable libraries -should be rebuilt. In particular, DLLs are now created with the names -which contain a checksum, thus allowing workaround for OS/2 scheme of -caching DLLs. +If you read this file _as_is_, just ignore the funny characters you +see. It is written in the POD format (see perlpod manpage) which is +specially designed to be readable as is. + +=head1 NAME + +perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, Win0.31, Win0.95 and WinNT. + +=head1 SYNOPSIS + +One can read this document in the following formats: + + man perlos2 + view perl perlos2 + explorer perlos2.html + info perlos2 + +to list some (not all may be available simultaneously), or it may +be read I: either as F, or F. + +=cut + +Contents + + perlos2 - Perl under OS/2 + + NAME + SYNOPSIS + DESCRIPTION + - Target + - Other OSes + - Prerequisites + - Starting Perl programs under OS/2 + - Starting OS/2 programs under Perl + Frequently asked questions + - I cannot run extenal programs + - I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my program. + INSTALLATION + - Automatic binary installation + - Manual binary installation + - Warning + Accessing documentation + - OS/2 .INF file + - Plain text + - Manpages + - HTML + - GNU info files + - .PDF files + - LaTeX docs + BUILD + - Prerequisites + - Getting perl source + - Application of the patches + - Hand-editing + - Making + - Testing + - Installing the built perl + - a.out-style build + Build FAQ + - Some / became \ in pdksh. + - 'errno' - unresolved external + - Problems with tr + - Some problem (forget which ;-) + - Library ... not found + - Segfault in make + Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port + - setpriority, getpriority + - system() + - Additional modules: + - Prebuilt methods: + - Misfeatures + Perl flavors + - perl.exe + - perl_.exe + - perl__.exe + - perl___.exe + - Why strange names? + - Why dynamic linking? + - Why chimera build? + ENVIRONMENT + - PERLLIB_PREFIX + - PERL_BADLANG + - PERL_BADFREE + - PERL_SH_DIR + - TMP or TEMP + Evolution + - Priorities + - DLL name mungling + - Threading + - Calls to external programs + AUTHOR + SEE ALSO + +=head1 DESCRIPTION + +=head2 Target + +The target is to make OS/2 the best supported platform for +using/building/developping Perl and I, as well as +make Perl the best language to use under OS/2. + +The current state is quite close to this target. Known limitations: + +=over 5 + +=item * + +Some *nix programs use fork() a lot, but currently fork() is not +supported after Iing dynamically loaded extensions. + +=item * + +You need a separate perl executable F (see L) +to use PM code in your application (like the forthcoming Perl/Tk). + +=item * + +There is no simple way to access B objects. The only way I know +is via C extension (see L), and we do not have access to +convinience methods of B. (Is it possible at all? I know +of no B API.) + +=back + +Please keep this list up-to-date by informing me about other items. + +=head2 Other OSes + +Since OS/2 port of perl uses a remarkable B environment, it can +run (and build extensions, and - possibly - be build itself) under any +environment which can run EMX. The current list is DOS, +DOS-inside-OS/2, Win0.31, Win0.95 and WinNT. Out of many perl flavors, +only one works, see L<"perl_.exe">. + +Note that not all features of Perl are available under these +environments. This depends on the features the I - most +probably C - decided to implement. + +Cf. L. + +=head2 Prerequisites + +=over 6 + +=item B + +B runtime is required. Note that it is possible to make F +to run under DOS without any external support by binding F to +it, see L. + +Only the latest runtime is supported, currently C<0.9c>. + +One can get different parts of B from, say + + ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/emx0.9c/ + ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/os2/unix/gnu/ + +The runtime component should have the name F. + +=item B + +To run Perl on C platforms one needs B runtime. This is +needed under DOS-inside-OS/2, Win0.31, Win0.95 and WinNT (see +L<"Other OSes">). + +One can get B from, say + + ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/emx0.9c/contrib + ftp://ftp.uni-bielefeld.de/pub/systems/msdos/misc + +Contact the author on C. + +=item B + +Perl does not care about file systems, but to install the whole perl +library intact one needs a file system which supports long file names. + +Note that if you do not plan to build the perl itself, it may be +possible to fool B to truncate file names. This is not supported, +read B docs to see how to do it. + +=back + +=head2 Starting Perl programs under OS/2 + +Start your Perl program F with arguments C the +same way as on any other platform, by + + perl foo.pl arg1 arg2 arg3 + +If you want to specify perl options C<-my_opts> to the perl itself (as +opposed to to your program), use + + perl -my_opts foo.pl arg1 arg2 arg3 + +Alternately, if you use OS/2-ish shell, like C or C<4os2>, put +the following at the start of your perl script: + + extproc perl -x -S + #!/usr/bin/perl -my_opts + +rename your program to F, and start it by typing + + foo arg1 arg2 arg3 + +(Note that having *nixish full path to perl F is not +necessary, F would be enough, but having full path would make it +easier to use your script under *nix.) + +Note that because of stupid OS/2 limitations the full path of the perl +script is not available when you use C, thus you are forced to +use C<-S> perl switch, and your script should be on path. As a plus +side, if you know a full path to your script, you may still start it +with + + perl -x ../../blah/foo.cmd arg1 arg2 arg3 + +(note that the argument C<-my_opts> is taken care of by the C<#!> line +in your script). + +To understand what the above I does, read perl docs about C<-S> +and C<-x> switches - see L, and cmdref about C: + + view perl perlrun + man perlrun + view cmdref extproc + help extproc + +or whatever method you prefer. + +There are also endless possibilites to use I of +B<4OS2>, I of B and so on... However, if you use +*nixish shell (like F supplied in the binary distribution), +you need follow the syntax specified in L. + +=head2 Starting OS/2 programs under Perl + +This is what system() (see L), C<``> (see +L), and I (see L) +are for. (Avoid exec() (see L) unless you know what you +do). + +Note however that to use some of these operators you need to have a +C-syntax shell installed (see L<"Pdksh">, +L<"Frequently asked questions">), and perl should be able to find it +(see L<"PERL_SH_DIR">). + +The only cases when the shell is not used is the multi-argument +system() (see L)/exec() (see L), and +one-argument version thereof without redirection and shell +meta-characters. + +=head1 Frequently asked questions + +=head2 I cannot run extenal programs + +Did you run your programs with C<-w> switch? See +L. + +=head2 I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F from my +program. + +=over 4 + +=item Is your program B-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>? + +If not, you need to build a stand-alone DLL for perl. Contact me, I +did it once. Sockets would not work, as a lot of other stuff. + +=item Did you use C? + +I had reports it does not work. Somebody would need to fix it. + +=back + +=head1 INSTALLATION + +=head2 Automatic binary installation + +The most convinient way of installing perl is via perl installer +F. Just follow the instructions, and 99% of the +installation blues would go away. + +Note however, that you need to have F on your path, and +B environment I. The latter means that if you just +installed B, and made all the needed changes to F, +you may need to reboot in between. Check B runtime by running + + emxrev + +A folder is created on your desktop which contains some useful +objects. + +B + +=over 15 + +=item C + +may be needed if you change your codepage I perl installation, +and the new value is not supported by B. See L<"PERL_BADLANG">. + +=item C + +see L<"PERL_BADFREE">. + +=item F + +This file resides somewhere deep in the location you installed your +perl library, find it out by + + perl -MConfig -le "print $INC{'Config.pm'}" + +While most important values in this file I updated by the binary +installer, some of them may need to be hand-edited. I know no such +data, please keep me informed if you find one. + +=back + +=head2 Manual binary installation + +As of version 5.00305, OS/2 perl binary distribution comes splitted +into 11 components. Unfortunately, to enable configurable binary +installation, the file paths in the C files are not absolute, but +relative to some directory. + +Note that the extraction with the stored paths is still necessary +(default with C, specify C<-d> to C). However, you +need to know where to extract the files. You need also to manually +change entries in F to reflect where did you put the +files. + +Below is the sample of what to do to reproduce the configuration on my +machine: + +=over 3 + +=item Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked) + + unzip perl_exc.zip *.exe *.ico -d f:/emx.add/bin + unzip perl_exc.zip *.dll -d f:/emx.add/dll + +(have the directories with C<*.exe> on C, and C<*.dll> on +C); + +=item Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked) + + unzip perl_aou.zip -d f:/emx.add/bin + +(have the directory on C); + +=item Executables for Perl utilities + + unzip perl_utl.zip -d f:/emx.add/bin + +(have the directory on C); + +=item Main Perl library + + unzip perl_mlb.zip -d f:/perllib/lib + +If this directory is preserved, you do not need to change +anything. However, for perl to find it if it is changed, you need to +C in F, see L<"PERLLIB_PREFIX">. + +=item Additional Perl modules + + unzip perl_ste.zip -d f:/perllib/lib/site_perl + +If you do not change this directory, do nothing. Otherwise put this +directory and subdirectory F<./os2> in C or C +variable. Do not use C unless you have it set already. See +L. + +=item Tools to compile Perl modules + + unzip perl_blb.zip -d f:/perllib/lib + +If this directory is preserved, you do not need to change +anything. However, for perl to find it if it is changed, you need to +C in F, see L<"PERLLIB_PREFIX">. + +=item Manpages for Perl and utilities + + unzip perl_man.zip -d f:/perllib/man + +This directory should better be on C. You need to have a +working C to access these files. + +=item Manpages for Perl modules + + unzip perl_mam.zip -d f:/perllib/man + +This directory should better be on C. You need to have a +working C to access these files. + +=item Source for Perl documentation + + unzip perl_pod.zip -d f:/perllib/lib + +This is used by by C program (see L), and may be used to +generate B documentation usable by WWW browsers, and +documentation in zillions of other formats: C, C, +C, C and so on. + +=item Perl manual in .INF format + + unzip perl_inf.zip -d d:/os2/book + +This directory should better be on C. + +=item Pdksh + + unzip perl_sh.zip -d f:/bin + +This is used by perl to run external commands which explicitely +require shell, like the commands using I and I. It is also used instead of explicit F. + +Set C (see L<"PERL_SH_DIR">) if you move F from +the above location. + +B It may be possible to use some other C-compatible shell +(I). + +=back + +After you installed the components you needed and updated the +F correspondingly, you need to hand-edit +F. This file resides somewhere deep in the location you +installed your perl library, find it out by + + perl -MConfig -le "print $INC{'Config.pm'}" + +You need to correct all the entries which look like file paths (they +currently start with C). + +=head2 B + +The automatic and manual perl installation leave precompiled paths +inside perl executables. While these paths are overwriteable (see +L<"PERLLIB_PREFIX">, L<"PERL_SH_DIR">), one may get better results by +binary editing of paths inside the executables/DLLs. + +=head1 Accessing documentation + +Depending on how you built/installed perl you may have (otherwise +identical) Perl documentation in the following formats: + +=head2 OS/2 F<.INF> file + +Most probably the most convinient form. View it as + + view perl + view perl perlfunc + view perl less + view perl ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +(currently the last two may hit a wrong location, but this may improve +soon). + +If you want to build the docs yourself, and have I, run + + pod2ipf > perl.ipf + +in F directory, then + + ipfc /inf perl.ipf + +(Expect a lot of errors during the both steps.) Now move it on your +BOOKSHELF path. + +=head2 Plain text + +If you have perl documentation in the source form, perl utilities +installed, and B C installed, you may use + + perldoc perlfunc + perldoc less + perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker + +to access the perl documention in the text form (note that you may get +better results using perl manpages). + +Alternately, try running pod2text on F<.pod> files. + +=head2 Manpages + +If you have C installed on your system, and you installed perl +manpages, use something like this: -In particular, it is VERY IMPORTANT to have a correct perl.dll on -LIBPATH during build, otherwise DLLs with wrong names will be -created. Either have a perl.dll with the same naming convention for DLLs -(hopefully, it should not change any time soon), or remove it from -LIBPATH, add . to LIBPATH, wait until the build of DynaLoader fails, -and then move the built DLL into LIBPATH. - -I also used this possibility to change perl linking type to -Zmt. It -means that Perl now uses multithreaded CRTDLL, so your extensions can -be multithreaded (note that the perl core is not thread-safe so far, -so make sure you access Perl from one thread only). In particular, it -is no longer needed to statically link X11_s.lib if you compile -Perl/Tk/XFree. - -Note however, that current Perl malloc is NOT MT-safe, and your extension -will use Perl malloc if perl does (as the default built does). - -This newer port includes - . numeric first argument to system(), see OS2::Process docs; - . modules OS2::Process, OS2::REXX, OS2::PrfDB, OS2::ExtAttrib. - . {get,set,end}*ent may work now (not checked) -(most of this merged from ak's port). - -Note that static build of OS2::ExtAttrib fails some tests! - -Target: -~~~~~~~ - -This is not supposed to make a perfect Perl on OS/2. This patch is -concerned only with perfect _build_ of Perl on OS/2. Some good -features from Andreas Kaiser port may have missed this port. However, most of -the features are available (possibly in different form). - -!!! Note that [gs]etpriority functions in this port are compatible -!!! with *nix, not with ak's port!!! - -The priorities are absolute, go from 32 to -95, lower is quickier. 0 -is default, - -Binary Install: -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -This version of perl allows binary installation on another site. There -are two possibilities: - a) sh.exe is in the directory with the same name as on machine -where perl was compiled (f:/bin here), and perl library is installed -into the same directory as the built target (f:/perllib); - b) One of the above conditions is not true. Perl may be -informed about location of sh.exe via PERL_SH_DRIVE or PERL_SH_DIR -(see below). To relocate the perl library, one can - b1) either use the usual PERLLIB environment variable - but -you should deduce yourself which components should be put there, say, -by doing - perl -de 0 - x \@INC - q -in the directory of the perl library. Another problem with this is -that a module is missing, then perl will try to scan the builtin -directories nevertheless. If perl was intended to be installed on -f:/perllib, but your f: is a CDROM, then you may have some trouble. - b2) Best: binary edit perl.dll and perl_.exe (using perl -itself as a binary editor) to fix the paths. Note that for best results ;-) -the new paths should be no longer than the old. - b3) More convinient: set PERLLIB_PREFIX environment -variable. It should contain two components, separated by whitespace -and/or semicolon `;'. The first component is translated to the second -one if it is - a prefix of - a component of - Perl library lookup path. -Say, if you install perllibrary into c:/lib/perl/ instead of -f:/perllib/, set it to - set PERLLIB_PREFIX=f:/perllib/;c:/lib/perl/ - -!!!! Note that if you have bin/sh.exe or Perl library in non-standard -!!!! location, you need to hand-edit Config.pm. The last time I -!!!! checked one should have scaned this file for `f:' and/or `F:' to find -!!!! all the entries to fix. - -!!!!!!!!!!!!! Somebody should write an install script which would auto-edit -!!!!!!!!!!!!! Config.pm. - -Reading the docs: -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -If your `man' is correctly installed, you should just add -x:/perllib/man directory to the end of MANPATH like this: - set MANPATH=c:/man;f:/perllib/man -After this you can access the docs like this: man perlfunc man 3 less man ExtUtils.MakeMaker -Note that dot is used as package separator for package documentation, -and as usual, sometimes you need to give the section - 3 above - to -avoid shadowing by the less(1) manpage. -Alternatively, you can build HTML docs by running +to access documentation for different components of Perl. Start with + + man perl + +Note that dot (F<.>) is used as a package separator for documentation +for packages, and as usual, sometimes you need to give the section - C<3> +above - to avoid shadowing by the I. + +Make sure that the directory B the directory with manpages is +on our C, like this + + set MANPATH=c:/man;f:/perllib/man + +=head2 B + +If you have some WWW browser available, installed the Perl +documentation in the source form, and Perl utilities, you can build +B docs. Cd to directory with F<.pod> files, and do like this + + cd f:/perllib/lib/pod pod2html -in x:/perllib/lib/pod directory. -Alternatively, you can build IPF source by running - pod2ipf > perl.ipf -in x:/perllib/lib/pod directory, and build (excellent! - best of perl -docs available!) .INF documentation by running - ipfc /inf perl.ipf -Move it on your BOOKSHELF path, and now you may inspect docs by - view perl -or - view perl keyword_to_see +After this you can direct your browser the file F in this +directory, and go ahead with reading docs, like this: -Alternatively you may pick up precompiled HTML and .INF docs from the -net, as usual, .INF is available on CPAN/.../os2/ilyaz. + explore file:///f:/perllib/lib/pod/perl.html -There are also _very_ good docs in TexInfo and Adobe PDF format. +Alternatively you may be able to get these docs prebuild from C. -Quieting warnings: -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Set environment variables PERL_BADFREE and/or PERL_BADLANG to 0 to -quiet the corresponding warnings. +=head2 B C files -Notes on build on OS/2: -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -a) Make sure your sort is not the broken OS/2 one, and that you have /tmp -on the build partition. Make sure that your pdksh.exe, make.exe and -db.lib are OK (look elsewhere in this file). +Users of C would appreciate it very much, especially with +C mode loaded. You need to get latest C from C, +or, alternately, prebuilt info pages. -b) when extracting perl5.*.tar.gz you need to extract perl5.*/Configure -separately, since by default perl5.001m/configure may overwrite it; - like this: - tar vzxf perl5.004.tar.gz --case-sensitive perl5.004/Configure -or - tar --case-sensitive -vzxf perl5.004.tar.gz perl5.004/Configure - -c) Necessary manual intervention when compiling on OS/2: - - Need to put perl.dll on LIBPATH after it is created. - I also have seen errors building ext/OS2/*/, during - generation of manpages, if there is a conflict of perl.exe - and perl.dll. It is safe to ignore these errors. - -d) Compile summary: - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -!!! At the end of this README is independent description of the build -!!! process by Rocco Caputo. - -# Look for hints/os2.sh and correct what is different on your system -# I have rather spartan configuration. - - # Prefix means where to install: -sh Configure -des -D prefix=f:/perl5.005 - # Note that you need to have /tmp/ ready. - # - # Ignore the message about missing `ln', and about `c' option - # to tr. -make - # Will probably die after build of miniperl (unless you have DLL - # from previous compile). Need to move DLL where it belongs - # - # Somehow with 5.002b3 I needed to type another make after pod2man -make - # some warnings in POSIX.c -make test - # some tests fail, 9 or 10 on my system (see the list at end). - # - # before this you should create subdirs bin and lib in the - # prefix directory (f:/perl5.005 above): - # - # To run finer tests, cd t && perl harness -make install - -e) At the end of August 1996 GNU make 3.74 is OK. - Note that the pdksh5.2.7 or later is required. - -!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -If you see that some '/' became '\' in pdksh, you use an old pdksh! -Same with segfaults in Make 3.7? - use my patched verions. -!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - -f) As distributed the DB library db.a-db.lib is not suitable for -linking with -Zmt. A recompiled version must be available from my FTP -site in os2/db_mt.zip. - -!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! -If you see: - 'errno' - unresolved external -it means you use a wrong db.lib. -!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - -g) Make sure your gcc is good for -Zomf linking: run `omflibs' script in -/emx/lib directory. - -Problems reported: - -a) one of the latest tr is broken, get an old one :-( - 1.11 works. (On compuserver?) -b) You need link386. -c) Get rid of invalid perl.dll on your LIBPATH. - - -Send comments to ilya@math.ohio-state.edu. - -====================================================== -Requires 0.9b (well, provision are made to make it build under 0.9a6, -but they are not tested, please inform me on success). -(earlier than 0.9b ttyname was not present, it is hard to maintain this -difference automatically, though I try). -====================================================== - -Building with a.out style is supported by the `perl_' target of make. -Dynamic extensions are not possible with perl_.exe, since boot code -should return the retvalue on the Perl stack, the address of which is -not known to the extension. Moreover: The build process for `perl_' -DOES NOT KNOW about dependencies, so you should make sure that -anything is up-to-date, say, by doing - make perl.dll -first. +=head2 F<.PDF> files + +for C are available on CPAN (for slightly old version of +perl). + +=head2 C docs + +can be constructed using C. + +=head1 BUILD + +Here we discuss how to build Perl under OS/2. There is an alternative +(but maybe older) view on L. + +=head2 Prerequisites + +You need to have the latest B development environment, the full +B tool suite (C renamed to C, and B F +earlier on path than the OS/2 F, same with F, to +check use + + find --version + sort --version + +). You need the latest version of F installed as F. + +Possible locations to get this from are + + ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/os2/unix/gnu/ + ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/unix/ + ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/dev32/ + ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/os2/emx0.9c/ + + +Make sure that no copies or perl are currently running. Later steps +of the build may fail since an older version of perl.dll loaded into +memory may be found. + +Also make sure that you have F directory on the current drive, +and F<.> directory in your C. One may try to correct the +latter condition by + + set BEGINLIBPATH . + +if you use something like F or latest versions of F<4os2.exe>. + +Make sure your C is good for C<-Zomf> linking: run C +script in F directory. + +Check that you have C installed. It comes standard with OS/2, +but may be not installed due to customization. If typing + + link386 + +shows you do not have it, do I, and choose C in I. If you get into +C, press C. + +=head2 Getting perl source + +You need to fetch the latest perl source (including developpers +releases). With some probability it is located in + + http://www.perl.com/CPAN/src/5.0 + http://www.perl.com/CPAN/src/5.0/unsupported + +If not, you may need to dig in the indices to find it in the directory +of the current maintainer. + +Quick cycle of developpers release may break the OS/2 build time to +time, looking into + + http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ports/os2/ilyaz/ + +may indicate the latest release which was publicly released by the +maintainer. Note that the release may include some additional patches +to apply to the current source of perl. + +Extract it like this + + tar vzxf perl5.00409.tar.gz + +You may see a message about errors while extracting F. This is +because there is a conflict with a similarly-named file F. + +Rename F to F. Extract F like this + + tar --case-sensitive -vzxf perl5.00409.tar.gz perl5.00409/Configure + +Change to the directory of extraction. + +=head2 Application of the patches + +You need to apply the patches in F<./os2/diff.*> and +F<./os2/POSIX.mkfifo> like this: + + gnupatch -p0 < os2\POSIX.mkfifo + gnupatch -p0 < os2\os2\diff.configure + +You may also need to apply the patches supplied with the binary +distribution of perl. + +Note also that the F and F from the B distribution +are not suitable for multi-threaded compile (note that currently perl +is not multithreaded, but is compiled as multithreaded for +compatibility with B-OS/2). Get a corrected one from + + ftp://ftp.math.ohio-state.edu/pub/users/ilya/os2/db_mt.zip + +=head2 Hand-editing + +You may look into the file F<./hints/os2.sh> and correct anything +wrong you find there. I do not expect it is needed anywhere. -The reason why compiling with a.out style executables leads to problems -with dynamic extensions is: - a) OS/2 does not export symbols from executables; - b) Thus if extension needs to import symbols from an application - the symbols for the application should reside in a .dll. - c) You cannot export data from a .dll compiled with a.out style. -On the other hand, aout-style compiled extension enjoys all the -(dis)advantages of fork(). +=head2 Making -====================================================== + sh Configure -des -D prefix=f:/perllib -If you need to run PM code from perl, you may use PM mode executable -perl__.exe. It is subject to restrictions specific to PM programs: it -will close the VIO window the moment any PM call is performed. +Prefix means where to install the resulting perl library. Giving +correct prefix you may avoid the need to specify C, +see L<"PERLLIB_PREFIX">. -It is needed to run Perl/Tk (currently 7/96 - pre-alpha). +I, and about C<-c> option to +C>. In fact if you can trace where the latter spurious warning +comes from, please inform me. -====================================================== +Now -The reason why the executables are named perl_.exe and perl__.exe is -the following: Perl may parse #! lines in perl scripts to find out the -additional switches to enable. Thus there is a convention `What is a -perl executable - judging by name', and the above names conform to -this convention. + make -====================================================== -Tests which fail -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -with OMF compile (fork works - and all the related -test - with A.OUT compile): +At some moment the built may die, reporting a I or +I>. This means that most of the build has been +finished, and it is the time to move the constructed F to +some I location in C. After this done the build +should finish without a lot of fuss. I on C.> -io/fs.t: 2-5, 7-11, 18 as they should. -io/pipe: all, since open("|-") is not working (works with perl_.exe). -lib/"all the dbm".t: 1 test should fail (file permission). -lib/io_pipe io_sock, as they should: use fork. -op/fork all fail, as they should (except with perl_.exe) -op/stat 3 20 35 as they should, 39 (-t on /dev/null) ???? Sometimes 4 -- timing problem ???? +Warnings which are safe to ignore: I inside +F. -Sometimes I have seen segfault in socket ????, only if run with Testing tools. +=head2 Testing + +Now run + + make test + +Some tests (4..6) should fail. Some perl invocations should end in a +segfault (system error C). To get finer error reports, + + cd t + perl -I ../lib harness + +The report you get may look like + + Failed Test Status Wstat Total Fail Failed List of failed + --------------------------------------------------------------- + io/fs.t 26 11 42.31% 2-5, 7-11, 18, 25 + lib/io_pipe.t 3 768 6 ?? % ?? + lib/io_sock.t 3 768 5 ?? % ?? + op/stat.t 56 5 8.93% 3-4, 20, 35, 39 + Failed 4/118 test scripts, 96.61% okay. 27/2445 subtests failed, 98.90% okay. + +Note that using `make test' target two more tests may fail: C +because of (mis)feature of C, and C, which checks +that the buffers are not flushed on C<_exit>. + +The reasons for failed tests are: + +=over 8 + +=item F + +Checks I operations. Tests: + +=over 10 + +=item 2-5, 7-11 + +Check C and C - nonesuch under OS/2. + +=item 18 + +Checks C and C of C - I could not understand this test. + +=item 25 + +Checks C on a filehandle just opened for write - I do not +know why this should or should not work. + +=back + +=item F + +Checks C module. Some feature of B - test fork()s with +dynamic extension loaded - unsupported now. + +=item F + +Checks C module. Some feature of B - test fork()s +with dynamic extension loaded - unsupported now. + +=item F + +Checks C. Tests: + +=over 4 + +=item 3 + +Checks C - nonesuch under OS/2. + +=item 4 + +Checks C and C of C - I could not understand this test. + +=item 20 + +Checks C<-x> - determined by the file extension only under OS/2. + +=item 35 + +Needs F. + +=item 39 + +Checks C<-t> of F. Should not fail! + +=back + +=back + +In addition to errors, you should get a lot of warnings. + +=over 4 + +=item A lot of `bad free' + +in databases related to Berkeley DB. This is a confirmed bug of +DB. You may disable this warnings, see L<"PERL_BADFREE">. + +=item Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT + +This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications. *nix +applications die in silence. It is considered a feature. One can +easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers. + +However the test engine bleeds these message to screen in unexpected +moments. Two messages of this kind I be present during +testing. + +=item F<*/sh.exe>: ln: not found + +=item C: /dev: No such file or directory + +The last two should be self-explanatory. The test suite discovers that +the system it runs on is not I *nixish. + +=back A lot of `bad free'... in databases, bug in DB confirmed on other platforms. You may disable it by setting PERL_BADFREE environment variable -to 0. - -Here is my result with OMF: - -Test Status Wstat Total Fail Success List of failed ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -io/fs.t 22 10 45.45% 2-5, 7-11, 18 -io/pipe.t 1 256 8 ?? % ?? -lib/anydbm.t 12 1 8.33% 2 -lib/db-btree.t 86 1 1.16% 20 -lib/db-hash.t 43 1 2.33% 16 -lib/db-recno.t 35 1 2.86% 18 -lib/io_pipe.t 2 512 6 ?? % ?? -lib/io_sock.t 255 65280 5 ?? % ?? -lib/sdbm.t 12 1 8.33% 2 -op/exec.t 8 1 12.50% 5 -op/fork.t 255 65280 2 ?? % ?? -op/stat.t 56 4 7.14% 3, 20, 35, 39 -Failed 12/104 test scripts, 88.46% okay. 41/2224 subtests failed, 98.16% okay. - -and with A.OUT: - -Test Status Wstat Total Fail Failed List of failed ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -io/fs.t 22 10 45.45% 2-5, 7-11, 18 -lib/anydbm.t 12 1 8.33% 2 -lib/db-btree.t 86 1 1.16% 20 -lib/db-hash.t 43 1 2.33% 16 -lib/db-recno.t 35 1 2.86% 18 -lib/sdbm.t 12 1 8.33% 2 -op/exec.t 8 1 12.50% 5 -op/stat.t 56 4 7.14% 3, 20, 35, 39 -Failed 8/104 test scripts, 92.31% okay. 20/2224 subtests failed, 99.10% okay. - -Note that op/exec.5 fail because I do not have /bin/sh on this drive. - -With newer configs I could not reproduce most the crashes. However, -after fixpak17 REXX variables acquire a trailing '\0' at end when go -through the variable pool (even if they had one), thus making some -REXX tests fail. - -======================================================= - -Calls to external programs: -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Due to a popular demand the perl external program calling has been -changed. _If_ perl needs to call an external program _via shell_, the -X:/bin/sh.exe will be called. The name of the shell is -overridable, as described below. - -Thus means that you need to pickup some copy of a sh.exe as well (I use one -from pdksh). The drive X: above is set up automatically during the -build, is settable in runtime from $ENV{PERL_SH_DRIVE}. Another way to -change it is to set $ENV{PERL_SH_DIR} to be the directory in which -sh.exe resides. - -Reasons: a consensus on perl5-porters was that perl should use one -non-overridable shell per platform. The obvious choices for OS/2 are cmd.exe -and sh.exe. Having perl build itself would be impossible with cmd.exe as -a shell, thus I picked up sh.exe. Thus assures almost 100% compatibility -with the scripts coming from *nix. - -Disadvantages: sh.exe calls external programs via fork/exec, and there is -_no_ functioning exec on OS/2. exec is emulated by EMX by asyncroneous call -while the caller waits for child completion (to pretend that pid did -not change). This means that 1 _extra_ copy of sh.exe is made active via -fork/exec, which may lead to some resources taken from the system. - -The long-term solution proposed on p5-p is to have a directive - use OS2::Cmd; -which will override system(), exec(), ``, and open(,' |'). With current -perl you may override only system(), readpipe() - the explicit version -of ``, and maybe exec(). The code will substitute a one-argument system -by CORE::system('cmd.exe', '/c', shift). - -If you have some working code for OS2::Cmd.pm, please send it to me, -I will include it into distribution. I have no need for such a module, so -cannot test it. +to 1. -=================================================== +=head2 Installing the built perl -OS/2 extensions -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -Since binaries cannot go into perl distribution, no extensions are -included. They are available in .../os2/ilyaz directory of CPAN, as -well as in my directory - ftp://ftp.math.ohio-state.edu/pub/users/ilya/os2 +Run -I include 3 extensions by Andread Kaiser, OS2::REXX, OS2::UPM, and OS2::FTP, -into my ftp directory, mirrored on CPAN. I made -some minor changes needed to compile them by standard tools. I cannot -test UPM and FTP, so I will appreciate your feedback. Other extensions -there are OS2::ExtAttribs, OS2::PrfDB for tied access to EAs and .INI -files - and maybe some other extensions at the time you read it. + make install -Note that OS2 perl defines 2 pseudo-extension functions -OS2::Copy::copy and DynaLoader::mod2fname. +It would put the generated files into needed locations. Manually put +F, F and F to a location on your +C, F to a location on your C. -The -R switch of older perl is deprecated. If you need to call a REXX code -which needs access to variables, include the call into a REXX compartment -created by - REXX_call {...block...}; +Run -Two new functions are supported by REXX code, - REXX_eval 'string'; - REXX_eval_with 'string', REXX_function_name => \&perl_sub_reference; + make cmdscripts INSTALLCMDDIR=d:/ir/on/path -If you have some other extensions you want to share, send the code to -me. At least two are available: tied access to EA's, and tied access -to system databases. +to convert perl utilities to F<.cmd> files and put them on +C. You need to put F<.EXE>-utilities on path manually. They are +installed in C<$prefix/bin>, here C<$prefix> is what you gave to +F, see L. + +=head2 C-style build + +Proceed as above, but make F (see L<"perl_.exe">) by + + make perl_ + +test and install by + + make aout_test + make aout_install + +Manually put F to a location on your C. + +Since C has the extensions prebuilt, it does not suffer from +the I syndrom, thus the failing tests +look like + + Failed Test Status Wstat Total Fail Failed List of failed + --------------------------------------------------------------- + io/fs.t 26 11 42.31% 2-5, 7-11, 18, 25 + op/stat.t 56 5 8.93% 3-4, 20, 35, 39 + Failed 2/118 test scripts, 98.31% okay. 16/2445 subtests failed, 99.35% okay. + +B The build process for C I about all the +dependencies, so you should make sure that anything is up-to-date, +say, by doing + + make perl.dll + +first. + +=head1 Build FAQ + +=head2 Some C became C<\> in pdksh. + +You have a very old pdksh. See L. + +=head2 C<'errno'> - unresolved external + +You do not have MT-safe F. See L. + +=head2 Problems with C + +reported with very old version of C. + +=head2 Some problem (forget which ;-) + +You have an older version of F on your C, which +broke the build of extensions. + +=head2 Library ... not found + +You did not run C. See L. + +=head2 Segfault in make + +You use an old version of C make. See L. + +=head1 Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port + +=head2 C, C + +Note that these functions are compatible with *nix, not with the older +ports of '94 - 95. The priorities are absolute, go from 32 to -95, +lower is quickier. 0 is the default priority. + +=head2 C + +Multi-argument form of C allows an additional numeric +argument. The meaning of this argument is described in +L. + +=head2 Additional modules: -================================================================== -== == -== User report [my comments in brackets, IZ] == -== == -== A web page: http://www.shadow.net/~troc/os2perl.html == -== == -================================================================== - -Starting in x:/usr/src, using 4OS2/32 2.5 as the command interpreter on -OS/2 2.30 with FixPak-17. DAX is installed, but this shouldn't be a -factor. Drive X is a TVFS virtual drive pointing to several physical -HPFS drives. - ->>> Make sure that no copies or perl are currently running. Miniperl - may fail during the build because it will find an older version - of perl.dll loaded in memory. - - Close any running perl scripts. - Shut down anything that might run perl scripts, like cron. - `emxload -l` to check for loaded versions of perl. - `emxload -u perl.exe` to unload them. - ->>> Pre-load some common utilities: - - emxload -e sh.exe make.exe ls.exe tr.exe id.exe sed.exe - SET GCCLOAD=30 (number of minutes to hold the compiler) -[grep egrep fgrep cat rm uniq basename uniq sort - are not bad too.] - The theory is that it's faster to demand-load the development tools - from virtual memory than it is to re-load and re-link them all the - time. This is definitely true with my system because swapfile.dat - is on a faster drive than my development environment. - - ls, tr, and id represent the GNU file, text, and shell utilities. - These may not be needed, but it makes sure that their respective - DLLs are in memory. - ->>> Unpack the perl 5_002_01 archive onto an HPFS partition. - - tar vxzf perl5_002_01.tar-gz - cd perl5.002_01 - -[Do not forget to extract Configure as described above.] - ->>> Read the README, keeping a copy open in another session for reference. - - start /c /fg less os2/README - ->>> Apply the OS/2 patches included with 5.002_01, as per the README. - - for %m in (os2\diff.*) patch -p0 < %m - patch -p0 < os2\POSIX.mkfifo - -[The patch below is already applied.] - ->>> You may need to apply this patch if you plan to run a non-standard - Configure (that is, if you defy the README). This patch will ensure - that Makefile inherits the libraries specified during Configure. - People running standard perl builds can probably ignore this patch. - -*** os2\Makefile.SHs Mon Mar 25 02:05:00 1996 ---- os2\Makefile.SHs.new Fri May 24 10:37:10 1996 -*************** -*** 9,15 **** - emximp -o perl.imp perl5.def - - perl.dll: $(obj) perl5.def perl$(OBJ_EXT) -! $(LD) $(LDDLFLAGS) -o $@ perl$(OBJ_EXT) $(obj) -lsocket perl5.def - - perl5.def: perl.linkexp - echo "LIBRARY 'Perl' INITINSTANCE TERMINSTANCE" > $@ ---- 9,15 ---- - emximp -o perl.imp perl5.def - - perl.dll: $(obj) perl5.def perl$(OBJ_EXT) -! $(LD) $(LDDLFLAGS) -o $@ perl$(OBJ_EXT) $(obj) $(libs) perl5.def - - perl5.def: perl.linkexp - echo "LIBRARY 'Perl' INITINSTANCE TERMINSTANCE" > $@ -*************** -*** 49,55 **** - cat perl.exports perl.map | sort | uniq -d | sed -e 's/\w\+/ "\0"/' > perl.linkexp - - perl.map: $(obj) perl$(OBJ_EXT) miniperlmain$(OBJ_EXT) -! $(CC) $(LARGE) $(CLDFLAGS) $(CCDLFLAGS) -o dummy.exe miniperlmain$(OBJ_EXT) perl$(OBJ_EXT) $(obj) -lsocket -lm -Zmap -Zlinker /map - awk '{if ($$3 == "") print $$2}' perl.map - rm dummy.exe dummy.map - ---- 49,55 ---- - cat perl.exports perl.map | sort | uniq -d | sed -e 's/\w\+/ "\0"/' > perl.linkexp - - perl.map: $(obj) perl$(OBJ_EXT) miniperlmain$(OBJ_EXT) -! $(CC) $(LARGE) $(CLDFLAGS) $(CCDLFLAGS) -o dummy.exe miniperlmain$(OBJ_EXT) perl$(OBJ_EXT) $(obj) $(libs) -Zmap -Zlinker /map - awk '{if ($$3 == "") print $$2}' perl.map - rm dummy.exe dummy.map - ->>> Apply the patches from Ilya's perl5.002_01 binary distribution: - - touch os2/dlfcn.h os2/dl_os2.c - patch -p1 < f:\perllib\README.fix1 - ->>> Run Configure. Most people can run it by following the README: - - sh Configure -des -D prefix=f:/usr/local - - Advanced perl users (experienced C programmers, recommended) can run - the interactive Configure and answer the questions. When in doubt - about an answer, check the EMX headers and documentation. Pick the - default answer if that doesn't help: - - sh Configure - -[Yet more advanced users just specify the answers on the command line -of Configure, like I did with prefix.] - - Note: You may need to wrap an answer in quotes if it contains - spaces. For example, "-lsocket -lm". - - Note: If you want to add some options to a long default, you can - use $* to include the default in your answer: "$* -DDEBUGGING". - - Configure warnings and errors, and possible work-arounds: - - I don't know where 'ln' is.... - (ignored; OS/2 doesn't have a ln command) - - nm didn't seem to work right. Trying emxomfar instead... - (nothing to worry about) - - The recommended value for $d_shrplib on this machine was "define"! - (kept the recommended value: y) - - Directory f:/usr/lib/perl5/os2/5.00201/CORE doesn't exist. - (created the directory from another window with - \usr\bin\mkdir -p f:/usr/lib/perl5/os2/5.00201/CORE - and then answered: y. Your directory may look different.) - -[Ignore this as well, install script will create it for you.] - - The recommended value for $i_dlfcn on this machine was "define"! - (kept the recommended value: y) - - The recommended value for $d_fork on this machine was "undef"! - (kept the recommended value: y) - - Figuring out the flag used by open() for non-blocking I/O... - Seems like we can use O_NONBLOCK. - This seems to be used for informative purposes only. - The errors that follow this (including a SIGPIPE) don't seem - to affect perl at all. These were safely ignored. - - What pager is used on your system? [/usr/ucb/more] - Had to answer "/usr/bin/less.exe" because Configure wants a - leading / (unix full path). Need to edit config.sh later with - the real full path to the pager, including the drive letter. - -[Apparently this setting is never used, so it is safe to ignore it.] - - Hmm... F:/USR/BIN/sed: Unterminated `s' command - Perl built fine even with this error, so it seems safe to - ignore. - - Things I did different from the defaults. Most (if not all) of these - are optional changes. They're listed here to show how good Configure - is at detecting the system setup. - -[I add the options to put it on command line of Configure, see below.] - - Selected 'none' for the man1 location. - (I prefer the pod2html version.) -[-D man1dir=none] - Selected 'none' for the man3 location. - (I prefer the pod2html version.) -[-D man3dir=none] - Changed the hostname and domain. - (I wanted to override a dynamic PPP address. This only - matters if other people will be using your perl build.) -[-D myhostname=my_host_name -D mydomain=.foo.org] - Fixed the e-mail address. - (Put in a known working e-mail address. This only matters - if other people will be using your perl build.) -[-D cf_email=root@myhostname.uucp] - Added some directories to the library search path. -[-D "libpth=f:/emx/lib/st f:/emx/lib"] - Added -g to the optimizer/debugger flags. -[-D optimize=-g] - Added "-lgdbm -ldb -lcrypt -lbsd" to the additional libraries. -[ -D "libs=-lsocket -lcrypt -lgdbm" - the rest of libraries will not be used] +L, L, L, L. This +modules provide access to additional numeric argument for C, +to DLLs having functions with REXX signature and to REXX runtime, to +OS/2 databases in the F<.INI> format, and to Extended Attributes. ->>> Advanced users may want to edit config.sh when prompted by Configure. - Most (all?) of these changes aren't really necessary: +Two additional extensions by Andread Kaiser, C, and +C, are included into my ftp directory, mirrored on CPAN. - d_getprior='define' - d_setprior='define' - (getpriority and setpriority are included in os2.c, but - Configure doesn't know to look there.) -[fixed already] - pager='f:/usr/bin/less.exe' - (Correcting Configure's insistence on a leading slash.) - bin_sh='f:/usr/bin/sh.exe' - (If Configure detects sh.exe somewhere else first. Example: - it saw sh.exe at /bin/sh.exe on my TVFS drive, but I want - perl to look for it on the physical F drive.) - aout_ccflags='... existing flags... -DDEBUGGING' - aout_cppflags='... existing flags... -DDEBUGGING' - (If you want to include DEBUGGING for the aout version.) -[Do not do it, -D optimize=-g will automatically add these flags.] +=head2 Prebuilt methods: ->>> Allow Configure to make the build scripts. +=over 4 ->>> Allow Configure to run `make depend`. Ignore the following warning: +=item C - perl.h:861: warning: `DEBUGGING_MSTATS' redefined -[corrected now] - ->>> Rename any existing perl.dll, preventing anything from loading it and - saving a known working copy in case something goes wrong: - - mv /usr/lib/perl.dll /usr/lib/ilya-perl.dll +used by C, see L. ->>> Run `make`, and ignore the following warnings: - - perl.h:861: warning: `DEBUGGING_MSTATS' redefined -[corrected now] - invalid preprocessing directive name - emxomf warning: Cycle detected by make_type - LINK386 : warning L4071: application type not specified; assuming WINDOWCOMPAT - Warning (will try anyway): No library found for -lposix - Warning (will try anyway): No library found for -lcposix - POSIX.c:203: warning: `mkfifo' redefined - POSIX.c:4603: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast - ->>> If `make` dies while "Making DynaLoader (static)", you'll need to - put miniperl in the OS/2 paths. This step is only necessary if `make` - can't find miniperl: -[I would be interested if somebody confirmes this.] - - cp perl.dll /usr/lib (where /usr/lib is in your LIBPATH) - cp miniperl.exe /usr/bin (where /usr/bin is in your PATH) - make (ignore the errors in the previous step) - - This should run to completion. - ->>> Test the build: - - make test - - These tests fail: +=item C - io/fs..........FAILED on test 2 - - "OS/2 is not unix". Test 2 checks the link() command, which - is not supported by OS/2. - - io/pipe........f:/usr/bin/sh.exe: -c requires an argument - f:/usr/bin/sh.exe: -c requires an argument - The Unsupported function fork function is unimplemented at - io/pipe.t line 26. - FAILED on test 1 - - More "OS/2 is not unix" errors. Read ahead to find out - why fork() fails. - - op/exec........FAILED on test 4 - - if (system "true") {print "not ok 4\n";} else \ - {print "ok 4\n";} - - This fails for me, but changing it to read like this works: - - if (system '\usr\bin\true.cmd') {print "not ok 4\n";} \ - else {print "ok 4\n";} - - So you can count this as another "OS/2 is not unix". +used by C for DLL name mungling. - op/fork........The Unsupported function fork function is \ - unimplemented at op/fork.t line 8. - FAILED on test 1 +=item C - The dynamically-loaded version of perl currently doesn't - support fork(). This is a known behavior of EMX. +Self explanatory. - op/magic....... - Process terminated by SIGINT - ok +=item C - The test passed even with the SIGINT message. I don't - know why, but I won't argue. +leaves drive as it is. - op/stat........ls: /dev: No such file or directory - f:/usr/bin/sh.exe: ln: not found - ls: perl: No such file or directory - FAILED on test 3 +=item C - "OS/2 is not unix". We don't have the ln command. - lib/anydbm.....Bad free() ignored at lib/anydbm.t line 51. - Bad free() ignored at lib/anydbm.t line 51. - Bad free() ignored at lib/anydbm.t line 51. - Bad free() ignored during global destruction. - Bad free() ignored during global destruction. - Bad free() ignored during global destruction. - FAILED on test 2 +=item C - Test 2 looks at the file permissions for a database. "OS/2 - is not unix" so the permissions aren't exactly what this test - expects. +means has drive letter and is_rooted. - lib/db-btree...Bad free() ignored at lib/db-btree.t line 109. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-btree.t line 221. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-btree.t line 337. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-btree.t line 349. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-btree.t line 349. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-btree.t line 399. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-btree.t line 400. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-btree.t line 401. - FAILED on test 20 +=item C - Another file permissions test fails. +means has leading C<[/\\]> (maybe after a drive-letter:). - lib/db-hash....Bad free() ignored at lib/db-hash.t line 101. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-hash.t line 101. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-hash.t line 101. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-hash.t line 239. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-hash.t line 239. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-hash.t line 239. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-hash.t line 253. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-hash.t line 253. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-hash.t line 253. - FAILED on test 16 +=item C - Another file permissions test fails. +means changes with current dir. - lib/db-recno...Bad free() ignored at lib/db-recno.t line 138. - Bad free() ignored at lib/db-recno.t line 138. - FAILED on test 18 +=item C - Another file permissions test fails. +Interface to cwd from B. Used by C. - lib/gdbm.......FAILED on test 2 +=item C - Another file permissions test fails. +Really really odious function to implement. Returns absolute name of +file which would have C if CWD were C. C defaults to the +current dir. - lib/sdbm.......FAILED on test 2 +=item C is +present and I, works with END_LIBPATH, otherwise with +C. - Failed 11/94 tests, 88.30% okay. +=item C - All of which are known differences with unix or documented - behaviors in EMX. I re-run the test with Ilya's version, - and the same tests fail. This new build is a success. -[Note that bad free() mentioned above are bugs in the Berkeley -DB. They just are more visible under OS/2 with perl free(), because of -"rigid" function name resolution. You may disable it by setting -PERL_BADFREE environment variable to 0. - To get finer tests, cd to ./t and run - perl harness -] +Set current value of extended library search path. If C is +present and I, works with END_LIBPATH, otherwise with +C. - (Actually, Ilya's perl release fails an extra test because I don't - have sed in f:\emx.add. This shows how important it is to configure - and build perl yourself instead of grabbing pre-built binaries.) -[Hmm, should not happen... There is no mentions of full_sed under ./t -directory...] +=back ->>> Cross your fingers and install it: +(Note that some of these may be moved to different libraries - +eventually). - make install - Warnings encountered and workarounds presented.: +=head2 Misfeatures - WARNING: You've never run 'make test'!!! (Installing anyway.) - (Lies! All lies! At least it still installs.) +=over 4 - WARNING: Can't find libperl*.dll* to install into \ - f:/usr/lib/perl5/os2/5.00201/CORE. (Installing other things anyway.) - (Safe to ignore. The important one, libperl.lib, gets copied.) +=item - Couldn't copy f:/usr/bin/perl5.00201.exe to f:/usr/bin/perl.exe: \ - No such file or directory - cp /usr/bin/perl5.00201.exe /usr/bin/perl.exe +Since is present in B, but is not functional, the same is +true for perl. - Couldn't copy f:/usr/bin/perl.exe to /usr/bin/perl.exe: No such \ - file or directory - (I think this one is safe to ignore since the two directories - point to the same place.) +=item ->>> Laugh maniacally because you just built and installed your own copy - of perl, with all the paths set "just so" and with whatever little - psychotic modifications you've always wanted but were afraid to add. +Since F is used for globbing (see L), the bugs +of F plague perl as well. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +In particular, uppercase letters do not work in C<[...]>-patterns with +the current C. -Development tools and versions: +=back - EMX 0.9b with emxfix04 applied. +=head1 Perl flavors - `ls --version` reports: 'GNU file utilities 3.12' - `tr --version` reports: 'tr - GNU textutils 1.14' - `id --version` reports: 'id - GNU sh-utils 1.12' +Because of ideosyncrasies of OS/2 one cannot have all the eggs in the +same basket (though C environment tries hard to overcome this +limitations, so the situation may somehow improve). There are 4 +executables for Perl provided by the distribution: - `sed --version` reports: 'GNU sed version 2.05' - `awk --version` reports: 'Gnu Awk (gawk) 2.15, patchlevel 6' - `grep --version` reports an illegal option and: 'GNU grep version 2.0' - (this includes egrep) +=head2 F - `sort --version` reports: 'sort - GNU textutils 1.14' - `uniq --version` reports: 'uniq - GNU textutils 1.14' - `find --version` reports: 'GNU find version 4.1' +The main workhorse. This is a chimera executable: it is compiled as an +C-style executable, but is linked with C-style dynamic +library F, and with dynamic B DLL. This executable is a +C application. + +It can load perl dynamic extensions, and it can fork(). Unfortunately, +currently it cannot fork() with dynamic extensions loaded. + +B Keep in mind that fork() is needed to open a pipe to yourself. + +=head2 F + +This is a statically linked C-style executable. It can fork(), +but cannot load dynamic Perl extensions. The supplied executable has a +lot of extensions prebuilt, thus there are situations when it can +perform tasks not possible using F, like fork()ing when +having some standard extension loaded. This executable is a C +application. + +B A better behaviour could be obtained from C if it +were statically linked with standard I, but +dynamically linked with the I and C DLL. Then it would +be able to fork() with standard extensions, I would be able to +dynamically load arbitrary extensions. Some changes to Makefiles and +hint files should be necessary to achieve this. + +I The +friends locked into C world would appreciate the fact that this +executable runs under DOS, Win0.31, Win0.95 and WinNT with an +appropriate extender. See L<"Other OSes">. + +=head2 F + +This is the same executable as , but it is a C +application. + +B Usually C, C, and C of a C +application are redirected to C. However, it is possible to see +them if you start C from a PM program which emulates a +console window, like I of C or C. Thus it I to use Perl debugger (see L) to debug your PM +application. + +This flavor is required if you load extensions which use C, like +the forthcoming C. + +=head2 F + +This is an C-style executable which is dynamically linked to +F and C DLL. I know no advantages of this executable +over C, but it cannot fork() at all. Well, one advantage is +that the build process is not so convoluted as with C. + +It is a C application. + +=head2 Why strange names? + +Since Perl processes the C<#!>-line (cf. +L, L, +L, +L), it should know when a +program I. There is some naming convention which allows +Perl to distinguish correct lines from wrong ones. The above names are +almost the only names allowed by this convension which do not contain +digits (which have absolutely different semantics). + +=head2 Why dynamic linking? + +Well, having several executables dynamically linked to the same huge +library has its advantages, but this would not substantiate the +additional work to make it compile. The reason is stupid-but-quick +"hard" dynamic linking used by OS/2. + +The address tables of DLLs are patches only once, when they are +loaded. The addresses of entry points into DLLs are guarantied to be +the same for all programs which use the same DLL, which reduces the +amount of runtime patching - once DLL is loaded, its code is +read-only. + +While this allows some performance advantages, this makes life +terrible for developpers, since the above scheme makes it impossible +for a DLL to be resolved to a symbol in the .EXE file, since this +would need a DLL to have different relocations tables for the +executables which use it. + +However, a Perl extension is forced to use some symbols from the perl +executable, say to know how to find the arguments provided on the perl +internal evaluation stack. The solution is that the main code of +interpreter should be contained in a DLL, and the F<.EXE> file just loads +this DLL into memory and supplies command-arguments. + +This I increases the load time for the application (as well as +the number of problems during compilation). Since interpreter is in a DLL, +the C is basically forced to reside in a DLL as well (otherwise +extensions would not be able to use C). + +=head2 Why chimera build? + +Current C environment does not allow DLLs compiled using Unixish +C format to export symbols for data. This forces C-style +compile of F. + +Current C environment does not allow F<.EXE> files compiled in +C format to fork(). fork() is needed for exactly three Perl +operations: + +=over 4 + +=item explicit fork() + +in the script, and + +=item open FH, "|-" + +=item open FH, "-|" + +opening pipes to itself. + +=back + +While these operations are not questions of life and death, a lot of +useful scripts use them. This forces C-style compile of +F. + + +=head1 ENVIRONMENT + +Here we list environment variables with are either OS/2-specific, or +are more important under OS/2 than under other OSes. + +=head2 C + +Specific for OS/2. Should have the form + + path1;path2 + +or + + path1 path2 + +If the beginning of some prebuilt path matches F, it is +substituted with F. + +Should be used if the perl library is moved from the default +location in preference to C, since this would not leave wrong +entries in <@INC>. + +=head2 C + +If 1, perl ignores setlocale() failing. May be useful with some +strange Is. + +=head2 C + +If 1, perl would not warn of in case of unwarranted free(). May be +useful in conjunction with the module DB_File, since Berkeley DB +memory handling code is buggy. + +=head2 C + +Specific for OS/2. Gives the directory part of the location for +F. + +=head2 C or C + +Specific for OS/2. Used as storage place for temporary files, most +notably C<-e> scripts. + +=head1 Evolution + +Here we list major changes which could make you by surprise. + +=head2 Priorities + +C and C are not compatible with earlier +ports by Andreas Kaiser. See C<"setpriority, getpriority">. + +=head2 DLL name mungling + +With the release 5.003_01 the dynamically loadable libraries +should be rebuilt. In particular, DLLs are now created with the names +which contain a checksum, thus allowing workaround for OS/2 scheme of +caching DLLs. + +=head2 Threading + +As of release 5.003_01 perl is linked to multithreaded C +DLL. Perl itself is not multithread-safe, as is not perl +malloc(). However, extensions may use multiple thread on their own +risk. + +Needed to compile C for C out-of-the-box. + +=head2 Calls to external programs + +Due to a popular demand the perl external program calling has been +changed wrt Andread Kaiser's port. I perl needs to call an +external program I, the F will be called, or +whatever is the override, see L<"PERL_SH_DIR">. + +Thus means that you need to get some copy of a F as well (I +use one from pdksh). The drive F: above is set up automatically during +the build to a correct value on the builder machine, but is +overridable at runtime, + +B a consensus on C was that perl should use +one non-overridable shell per platform. The obvious choices for OS/2 +are F and F. Having perl build itself would be impossible +with F as a shell, thus I picked up C. Thus assures almost +100% compatibility with the scripts coming from *nix. + +B currently F of C calls external programs +via fork()/exec(), and there is I functioning exec() on +OS/2. exec() is emulated by EMX by asyncroneous call while the caller +waits for child completion (to pretend that the pid did not change). This +means that 1 I copy of F is made active via fork()/exec(), +which may lead to some resources taken from the system (even if we do +not count extra work needed for fork()ing). + +One can always start F explicitely via + + system 'cmd', '/c', 'mycmd', 'arg1', 'arg2', ... + +If you need to use F, and do not want to hand-edit thousends of your +scripts, the long-term solution proposed on p5-p is to have a directive + + use OS2::Cmd; + +which will override system(), exec(), C<``>, and +C. With current perl you may override only system(), +readpipe() - the explicit version of C<``>, and maybe exec(). The code +will substitute the one-argument call to system() by +C. + +If you have some working code for C, please send it to me, +I will include it into distribution. I have no need for such a module, so +cannot test it. + +=cut + +OS/2 extensions +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +I include 3 extensions by Andread Kaiser, OS2::REXX, OS2::UPM, and OS2::FTP, +into my ftp directory, mirrored on CPAN. I made +some minor changes needed to compile them by standard tools. I cannot +test UPM and FTP, so I will appreciate your feedback. Other extensions +there are OS2::ExtAttr, OS2::PrfDB for tied access to EAs and .INI +files - and maybe some other extensions at the time you read it. + +Note that OS2 perl defines 2 pseudo-extension functions +OS2::Copy::copy and DynaLoader::mod2fname. + +The -R switch of older perl is deprecated. If you need to call a REXX code +which needs access to variables, include the call into a REXX compartment +created by + REXX_call {...block...}; + +Two new functions are supported by REXX code, + REXX_eval 'string'; + REXX_eval_with 'string', REXX_function_name => \&perl_sub_reference; + +If you have some other extensions you want to share, send the code to +me. At least two are available: tied access to EA's, and tied access +to system databases. - KSH_VERSION='@(#)PD KSH v5.2.4 96/01/17' - (Ilya's patched version.) +=head1 AUTHOR - `make --version` reports: 'GNU Make version 3.74' - (Ilya's patched version.) +Ilya Zakharevich, ilya@math.ohio-state.edu - `emxrev` reports: - EMX : revision = 42 - EMXIO : revision = 40 - EMXLIBC : revision = 40 - EMXLIBCM : revision = 43 - EMXLIBCS : revision = 43 - EMXWRAP : revision = 40 +=head1 SEE ALSO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ +perl(1). -Rocco - +=cut