but the old value of the variable B (2).
-Another example of where data dependency barriers might by required is where a
+Another example of where data dependency barriers might be required is where a
number is read from memory and then used to calculate the index for an array
access:
Consider:
- CPU 1 CPU 2
+ CPU 1 CPU 2
======================= =======================
- LOAD B
- DIVIDE } Divide instructions generally
- DIVIDE } take a long time to perform
- LOAD A
+ LOAD B
+ DIVIDE } Divide instructions generally
+ DIVIDE } take a long time to perform
+ LOAD A
Which might appear as this:
Placing a read barrier or a data dependency barrier just before the second
load:
- CPU 1 CPU 2
+ CPU 1 CPU 2
======================= =======================
- LOAD B
- DIVIDE
- DIVIDE
+ LOAD B
+ DIVIDE
+ DIVIDE
<read barrier>
- LOAD A
+ LOAD A
will force any value speculatively obtained to be reconsidered to an extent
dependent on the type of barrier used. If there was no change made to the
space should suffice for PCI.
[*] NOTE! attempting to load from the same location as was written to may
- cause a malfunction - consider the 16550 Rx/Tx serial registers for
- example.
+ cause a malfunction - consider the 16550 Rx/Tx serial registers for
+ example.
Used with prefetchable I/O memory, an mmiowb() barrier may be required to
force stores to be ordered.
:
+--------+ +--------+ : +--------+ +-----------+
| | | | : | | | | +--------+
- | CPU | | Memory | : | CPU | | | | |
- | Core |--->| Access |----->| Cache |<-->| | | |
+ | CPU | | Memory | : | CPU | | | | |
+ | Core |--->| Access |----->| Cache |<-->| | | |
| | | Queue | : | | | |--->| Memory |
- | | | | : | | | | | |
- +--------+ +--------+ : +--------+ | | | |
+ | | | | : | | | | | |
+ +--------+ +--------+ : +--------+ | | | |
: | Cache | +--------+
: | Coherency |
: | Mechanism | +--------+
+--------+ +--------+ : +--------+ | | | |
| | | | : | | | | | |
| CPU | | Memory | : | CPU | | |--->| Device |
- | Core |--->| Access |----->| Cache |<-->| | | |
- | | | Queue | : | | | | | |
+ | Core |--->| Access |----->| Cache |<-->| | | |
+ | | | Queue | : | | | | | |
| | | | : | | | | +--------+
+--------+ +--------+ : +--------+ +-----------+
:
p = &v; q = p;
<D:request p>
<B:modify p=&v> <D:commit p=&v>
- <D:read p>
+ <D:read p>
x = *q;
<C:read *q> Reads from v before v updated in cache
<C:unbusy>
p = &v; q = p;
<D:request p>
<B:modify p=&v> <D:commit p=&v>
- <D:read p>
+ <D:read p>
smp_read_barrier_depends()
<C:unbusy>
<C:commit v=2>