Add DateTimeFormat and Parse to shared and remove moved file
authorAlex Perovich <alperovi@microsoft.com>
Mon, 27 Mar 2017 18:12:31 +0000 (11:12 -0700)
committerAlex Perovich <alperovi@microsoft.com>
Tue, 28 Mar 2017 01:11:23 +0000 (20:11 -0500)
Commit migrated from https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/commit/6c68f33332e090d0b8cec12aeede82d6c17b1e2a

src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System.Private.CoreLib.Shared.projitems
src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/DateTime.cs
src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeFormat.cs [new file with mode: 0644]
src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeFormatInfo.cs [new file with mode: 0644]
src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.cs [new file with mode: 0644]
src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeParse.cs [new file with mode: 0644]

index 98a5827..6e23cc8 100644 (file)
     <Compile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)System\FlagsAttribute.cs"/>
     <Compile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)System\FormatException.cs"/>
     <Compile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)System\FormattableString.cs"/>
+    <Compile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)System\Globalization\DateTimeFormat.cs"/>
+    <Compile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)System\Globalization\DateTimeFormatInfo.cs"/>
+    <Compile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)System\Globalization\DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.cs"/>
+    <Compile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)System\Globalization\DateTimeParse.cs"/>
     <Compile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)System\IAsyncResult.cs"/>
     <Compile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)System\IComparable.cs"/>
     <Compile Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)System\IConvertible.cs"/>
index 1bc5fd9..ddb72da 100644 (file)
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
 
 using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.Runtime;
@@ -11,7 +13,6 @@ using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.Serialization;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 using System.Security;
-using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
 using CultureInfo = System.Globalization.CultureInfo;
 using Calendar = System.Globalization.Calendar;
 
@@ -106,9 +107,9 @@ namespace System
         private const int DatePartMonth = 2;
         private const int DatePartDay = 3;
 
-        private static readonly int[] DaysToMonth365 = {
+        private static readonly int[] s_daysToMonth365 = {
             0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365};
-        private static readonly int[] DaysToMonth366 = {
+        private static readonly int[] s_daysToMonth366 = {
             0, 31, 60, 91, 121, 152, 182, 213, 244, 274, 305, 335, 366};
 
         public static readonly DateTime MinValue = new DateTime(MinTicks, DateTimeKind.Unspecified);
@@ -559,7 +560,7 @@ namespace System
         {
             if (year >= 1 && year <= 9999 && month >= 1 && month <= 12)
             {
-                int[] days = IsLeapYear(year) ? DaysToMonth366 : DaysToMonth365;
+                int[] days = IsLeapYear(year) ? s_daysToMonth366 : s_daysToMonth365;
                 if (day >= 1 && day <= days[month] - days[month - 1])
                 {
                     int y = year - 1;
@@ -591,7 +592,7 @@ namespace System
             if (month < 1 || month > 12) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(month), SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_Month);
             Contract.EndContractBlock();
             // IsLeapYear checks the year argument
-            int[] days = IsLeapYear(year) ? DaysToMonth366 : DaysToMonth365;
+            int[] days = IsLeapYear(year) ? s_daysToMonth366 : s_daysToMonth365;
             return days[month] - days[month - 1];
         }
 
@@ -845,7 +846,7 @@ namespace System
             // Leap year calculation looks different from IsLeapYear since y1, y4,
             // and y100 are relative to year 1, not year 0
             bool leapYear = y1 == 3 && (y4 != 24 || y100 == 3);
-            int[] days = leapYear ? DaysToMonth366 : DaysToMonth365;
+            int[] days = leapYear ? s_daysToMonth366 : s_daysToMonth365;
             // All months have less than 32 days, so n >> 5 is a good conservative
             // estimate for the month
             int m = (n >> 5) + 1;
@@ -1488,7 +1489,7 @@ namespace System
             {
                 return false;
             }
-            int[] days = IsLeapYear(year) ? DaysToMonth366 : DaysToMonth365;
+            int[] days = IsLeapYear(year) ? s_daysToMonth366 : s_daysToMonth365;
             if (day < 1 || day > days[month] - days[month - 1])
             {
                 return false;
diff --git a/src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeFormat.cs b/src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeFormat.cs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d3bf255
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1211 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Runtime.Versioning;
+using System.Security;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
+
+namespace System
+{
+    /*  
+     Customized format patterns:
+     P.S. Format in the table below is the internal number format used to display the pattern.
+
+     Patterns   Format      Description                           Example
+     =========  ==========  ===================================== ========
+        "h"     "0"         hour (12-hour clock)w/o leading zero  3
+        "hh"    "00"        hour (12-hour clock)with leading zero 03
+        "hh*"   "00"        hour (12-hour clock)with leading zero 03
+
+        "H"     "0"         hour (24-hour clock)w/o leading zero  8
+        "HH"    "00"        hour (24-hour clock)with leading zero 08
+        "HH*"   "00"        hour (24-hour clock)                  08
+
+        "m"     "0"         minute w/o leading zero
+        "mm"    "00"        minute with leading zero
+        "mm*"   "00"        minute with leading zero
+
+        "s"     "0"         second w/o leading zero
+        "ss"    "00"        second with leading zero
+        "ss*"   "00"        second with leading zero
+
+        "f"     "0"         second fraction (1 digit)
+        "ff"    "00"        second fraction (2 digit)
+        "fff"   "000"       second fraction (3 digit)
+        "ffff"  "0000"      second fraction (4 digit)
+        "fffff" "00000"         second fraction (5 digit)
+        "ffffff"    "000000"    second fraction (6 digit)
+        "fffffff"   "0000000"   second fraction (7 digit)
+
+        "F"     "0"         second fraction (up to 1 digit)
+        "FF"    "00"        second fraction (up to 2 digit)
+        "FFF"   "000"       second fraction (up to 3 digit)
+        "FFFF"  "0000"      second fraction (up to 4 digit)
+        "FFFFF" "00000"         second fraction (up to 5 digit)
+        "FFFFFF"    "000000"    second fraction (up to 6 digit)
+        "FFFFFFF"   "0000000"   second fraction (up to 7 digit)
+
+        "t"                 first character of AM/PM designator   A
+        "tt"                AM/PM designator                      AM
+        "tt*"               AM/PM designator                      PM
+
+        "d"     "0"         day w/o leading zero                  1
+        "dd"    "00"        day with leading zero                 01
+        "ddd"               short weekday name (abbreviation)     Mon
+        "dddd"              full weekday name                     Monday
+        "dddd*"             full weekday name                     Monday
+        
+
+        "M"     "0"         month w/o leading zero                2
+        "MM"    "00"        month with leading zero               02
+        "MMM"               short month name (abbreviation)       Feb
+        "MMMM"              full month name                       Febuary
+        "MMMM*"             full month name                       Febuary
+       
+        "y"     "0"         two digit year (year % 100) w/o leading zero           0
+        "yy"    "00"        two digit year (year % 100) with leading zero          00
+        "yyy"   "D3"        year                                  2000
+        "yyyy"  "D4"        year                                  2000
+        "yyyyy" "D5"        year                                  2000
+        ...
+
+        "z"     "+0;-0"     timezone offset w/o leading zero      -8
+        "zz"    "+00;-00"   timezone offset with leading zero     -08
+        "zzz"      "+00;-00" for hour offset, "00" for minute offset  full timezone offset   -07:30
+        "zzz*"  "+00;-00" for hour offset, "00" for minute offset   full timezone offset   -08:00
+        
+        "K"    -Local       "zzz", e.g. -08:00
+               -Utc         "'Z'", representing UTC
+               -Unspecified ""               
+               -DateTimeOffset      "zzzzz" e.g -07:30:15
+
+        "g*"                the current era name                  A.D.
+
+        ":"                 time separator                        : -- DEPRECATED - Insert separator directly into pattern (eg: "H.mm.ss")
+        "/"                 date separator                        /-- DEPRECATED - Insert separator directly into pattern (eg: "M-dd-yyyy")
+        "'"                 quoted string                         'ABC' will insert ABC into the formatted string.
+        '"'                 quoted string                         "ABC" will insert ABC into the formatted string.
+        "%"                 used to quote a single pattern characters      E.g.The format character "%y" is to print two digit year.
+        "\"                 escaped character                     E.g. '\d' insert the character 'd' into the format string.
+        other characters    insert the character into the format string. 
+
+    Pre-defined format characters: 
+        (U) to indicate Universal time is used.
+        (G) to indicate Gregorian calendar is used.
+    
+        Format              Description                             Real format                             Example
+        =========           =================================       ======================                  =======================
+        "d"                 short date                              culture-specific                        10/31/1999
+        "D"                 long data                               culture-specific                        Sunday, October 31, 1999
+        "f"                 full date (long date + short time)      culture-specific                        Sunday, October 31, 1999 2:00 AM
+        "F"                 full date (long date + long time)       culture-specific                        Sunday, October 31, 1999 2:00:00 AM
+        "g"                 general date (short date + short time)  culture-specific                        10/31/1999 2:00 AM
+        "G"                 general date (short date + long time)   culture-specific                        10/31/1999 2:00:00 AM
+        "m"/"M"             Month/Day date                          culture-specific                        October 31
+(G)     "o"/"O"             Round Trip XML                          "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK"          1999-10-31 02:00:00.0000000Z
+(G)     "r"/"R"             RFC 1123 date,                          "ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH':'mm':'ss 'GMT'"   Sun, 31 Oct 1999 10:00:00 GMT
+(G)     "s"                 Sortable format, based on ISO 8601.     "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss"                 1999-10-31T02:00:00
+                                                                    ('T' for local time)
+        "t"                 short time                              culture-specific                        2:00 AM
+        "T"                 long time                               culture-specific                        2:00:00 AM
+(G)     "u"                 Universal time with sortable format,    "yyyy'-'MM'-'dd HH':'mm':'ss'Z'"        1999-10-31 10:00:00Z
+                            based on ISO 8601.
+(U)     "U"                 Universal time with full                culture-specific                        Sunday, October 31, 1999 10:00:00 AM
+                            (long date + long time) format
+                            "y"/"Y"             Year/Month day                          culture-specific                        October, 1999
+
+    */
+
+    //This class contains only static members and does not require the serializable attribute.    
+    internal static
+    class DateTimeFormat
+    {
+        internal const int MaxSecondsFractionDigits = 7;
+        internal static readonly TimeSpan NullOffset = TimeSpan.MinValue;
+
+        internal static char[] allStandardFormats =
+        {
+            'd', 'D', 'f', 'F', 'g', 'G',
+            'm', 'M', 'o', 'O', 'r', 'R',
+            's', 't', 'T', 'u', 'U', 'y', 'Y',
+        };
+
+        internal const String RoundtripFormat = "yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss.fffffffK";
+        internal const String RoundtripDateTimeUnfixed = "yyyy'-'MM'-'ddTHH':'mm':'ss zzz";
+
+        private const int DEFAULT_ALL_DATETIMES_SIZE = 132;
+
+        internal static readonly DateTimeFormatInfo InvariantFormatInfo = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.DateTimeFormat;
+        internal static readonly string[] InvariantAbbreviatedMonthNames = InvariantFormatInfo.AbbreviatedMonthNames;
+        internal static readonly string[] InvariantAbbreviatedDayNames = InvariantFormatInfo.AbbreviatedDayNames;
+        internal const string Gmt = "GMT";
+
+        internal static String[] fixedNumberFormats = new String[] {
+            "0",
+            "00",
+            "000",
+            "0000",
+            "00000",
+            "000000",
+            "0000000",
+        };
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // 
+        // Format the positive integer value to a string and perfix with assigned 
+        // length of leading zero.
+        //
+        // Parameters:
+        //  value: The value to format
+        //  len: The maximum length for leading zero.  
+        //  If the digits of the value is greater than len, no leading zero is added.
+        //
+        // Notes: 
+        //  The function can format to Int32.MaxValue.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        internal static void FormatDigits(StringBuilder outputBuffer, int value, int len)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(value >= 0, "DateTimeFormat.FormatDigits(): value >= 0");
+            FormatDigits(outputBuffer, value, len, false);
+        }
+
+        internal unsafe static void FormatDigits(StringBuilder outputBuffer, int value, int len, bool overrideLengthLimit)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(value >= 0, "DateTimeFormat.FormatDigits(): value >= 0");
+
+            // Limit the use of this function to be two-digits, so that we have the same behavior
+            // as RTM bits.
+            if (!overrideLengthLimit && len > 2)
+            {
+                len = 2;
+            }
+
+            char* buffer = stackalloc char[16];
+            char* p = buffer + 16;
+            int n = value;
+            do
+            {
+                *--p = (char)(n % 10 + '0');
+                n /= 10;
+            } while ((n != 0) && (p > buffer));
+
+            int digits = (int)(buffer + 16 - p);
+
+            //If the repeat count is greater than 0, we're trying
+            //to emulate the "00" format, so we have to prepend
+            //a zero if the string only has one character.
+            while ((digits < len) && (p > buffer))
+            {
+                *--p = '0';
+                digits++;
+            }
+            outputBuffer.Append(p, digits);
+        }
+
+        private static void HebrewFormatDigits(StringBuilder outputBuffer, int digits)
+        {
+            outputBuffer.Append(HebrewNumber.ToString(digits));
+        }
+
+        internal static int ParseRepeatPattern(String format, int pos, char patternChar)
+        {
+            int len = format.Length;
+            int index = pos + 1;
+            while ((index < len) && (format[index] == patternChar))
+            {
+                index++;
+            }
+            return (index - pos);
+        }
+
+        private static String FormatDayOfWeek(int dayOfWeek, int repeat, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(dayOfWeek >= 0 && dayOfWeek <= 6, "dayOfWeek >= 0 && dayOfWeek <= 6");
+            if (repeat == 3)
+            {
+                return (dtfi.GetAbbreviatedDayName((DayOfWeek)dayOfWeek));
+            }
+            // Call dtfi.GetDayName() here, instead of accessing DayNames property, because we don't
+            // want a clone of DayNames, which will hurt perf.
+            return (dtfi.GetDayName((DayOfWeek)dayOfWeek));
+        }
+
+        private static String FormatMonth(int month, int repeatCount, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(month >= 1 && month <= 12, "month >=1 && month <= 12");
+            if (repeatCount == 3)
+            {
+                return (dtfi.GetAbbreviatedMonthName(month));
+            }
+            // Call GetMonthName() here, instead of accessing MonthNames property, because we don't
+            // want a clone of MonthNames, which will hurt perf.
+            return (dtfi.GetMonthName(month));
+        }
+
+        //
+        //  FormatHebrewMonthName
+        //
+        //  Action: Return the Hebrew month name for the specified DateTime.
+        //  Returns: The month name string for the specified DateTime.
+        //  Arguments: 
+        //        time   the time to format
+        //        month  The month is the value of HebrewCalendar.GetMonth(time).         
+        //        repeat Return abbreviated month name if repeat=3, or full month name if repeat=4
+        //        dtfi    The DateTimeFormatInfo which uses the Hebrew calendars as its calendar.
+        //  Exceptions: None.
+        // 
+
+        /* Note:
+            If DTFI is using Hebrew calendar, GetMonthName()/GetAbbreviatedMonthName() will return month names like this:            
+            1   Hebrew 1st Month
+            2   Hebrew 2nd Month
+            ..  ...
+            6   Hebrew 6th Month
+            7   Hebrew 6th Month II (used only in a leap year)
+            8   Hebrew 7th Month
+            9   Hebrew 8th Month
+            10  Hebrew 9th Month
+            11  Hebrew 10th Month
+            12  Hebrew 11th Month
+            13  Hebrew 12th Month
+
+            Therefore, if we are in a regular year, we have to increment the month name if moth is greater or eqaul to 7.            
+        */
+        private static String FormatHebrewMonthName(DateTime time, int month, int repeatCount, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(repeatCount != 3 || repeatCount != 4, "repeateCount should be 3 or 4");
+            if (dtfi.Calendar.IsLeapYear(dtfi.Calendar.GetYear(time)))
+            {
+                // This month is in a leap year
+                return (dtfi.internalGetMonthName(month, MonthNameStyles.LeapYear, (repeatCount == 3)));
+            }
+            // This is in a regular year.
+            if (month >= 7)
+            {
+                month++;
+            }
+            if (repeatCount == 3)
+            {
+                return (dtfi.GetAbbreviatedMonthName(month));
+            }
+            return (dtfi.GetMonthName(month));
+        }
+
+        //
+        // The pos should point to a quote character. This method will
+        // append to the result StringBuilder the string encloed by the quote character.
+        //
+        internal static int ParseQuoteString(String format, int pos, StringBuilder result)
+        {
+            //
+            // NOTE : pos will be the index of the quote character in the 'format' string.
+            //
+            int formatLen = format.Length;
+            int beginPos = pos;
+            char quoteChar = format[pos++]; // Get the character used to quote the following string.
+
+            bool foundQuote = false;
+            while (pos < formatLen)
+            {
+                char ch = format[pos++];
+                if (ch == quoteChar)
+                {
+                    foundQuote = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                else if (ch == '\\')
+                {
+                    // The following are used to support escaped character.
+                    // Escaped character is also supported in the quoted string.
+                    // Therefore, someone can use a format like "'minute:' mm\"" to display:
+                    //  minute: 45"
+                    // because the second double quote is escaped.
+                    if (pos < formatLen)
+                    {
+                        result.Append(format[pos++]);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        //
+                        // This means that '\' is at the end of the formatting string.
+                        //
+                        throw new FormatException(SR.Format_InvalidString);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result.Append(ch);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!foundQuote)
+            {
+                // Here we can't find the matching quote.
+                throw new FormatException(
+                        String.Format(
+                            CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
+                            SR.Format_BadQuote, quoteChar));
+            }
+
+            //
+            // Return the character count including the begin/end quote characters and enclosed string.
+            //
+            return (pos - beginPos);
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Get the next character at the index of 'pos' in the 'format' string.
+        // Return value of -1 means 'pos' is already at the end of the 'format' string.
+        // Otherwise, return value is the int value of the next character.
+        //
+        internal static int ParseNextChar(String format, int pos)
+        {
+            if (pos >= format.Length - 1)
+            {
+                return (-1);
+            }
+            return ((int)format[pos + 1]);
+        }
+
+        //
+        //  IsUseGenitiveForm
+        //
+        //  Actions: Check the format to see if we should use genitive month in the formatting.
+        //      Starting at the position (index) in the (format) string, look back and look ahead to
+        //      see if there is "d" or "dd".  In the case like "d MMMM" or "MMMM dd", we can use 
+        //      genitive form.  Genitive form is not used if there is more than two "d".
+        //  Arguments:
+        //      format      The format string to be scanned.
+        //      index       Where we should start the scanning.  This is generally where "M" starts.
+        //      tokenLen    The len of the current pattern character.  This indicates how many "M" that we have.
+        //      patternToMatch  The pattern that we want to search. This generally uses "d"
+        //
+        private static bool IsUseGenitiveForm(String format, int index, int tokenLen, char patternToMatch)
+        {
+            int i;
+            int repeat = 0;
+            //
+            // Look back to see if we can find "d" or "ddd"
+            //
+
+            // Find first "d".
+            for (i = index - 1; i >= 0 && format[i] != patternToMatch; i--) {  /*Do nothing here */ };
+
+            if (i >= 0)
+            {
+                // Find a "d", so look back to see how many "d" that we can find.
+                while (--i >= 0 && format[i] == patternToMatch)
+                {
+                    repeat++;
+                }
+                //
+                // repeat == 0 means that we have one (patternToMatch)
+                // repeat == 1 means that we have two (patternToMatch)
+                //
+                if (repeat <= 1)
+                {
+                    return (true);
+                }
+                // Note that we can't just stop here.  We may find "ddd" while looking back, and we have to look
+                // ahead to see if there is "d" or "dd".
+            }
+
+            //
+            // If we can't find "d" or "dd" by looking back, try look ahead.
+            //
+
+            // Find first "d"
+            for (i = index + tokenLen; i < format.Length && format[i] != patternToMatch; i++) { /* Do nothing here */ };
+
+            if (i < format.Length)
+            {
+                repeat = 0;
+                // Find a "d", so contine the walk to see how may "d" that we can find.
+                while (++i < format.Length && format[i] == patternToMatch)
+                {
+                    repeat++;
+                }
+                //
+                // repeat == 0 means that we have one (patternToMatch)
+                // repeat == 1 means that we have two (patternToMatch)
+                //
+                if (repeat <= 1)
+                {
+                    return (true);
+                }
+            }
+            return (false);
+        }
+
+
+        //
+        //  FormatCustomized
+        //
+        //  Actions: Format the DateTime instance using the specified format.
+        // 
+        private static String FormatCustomized(DateTime dateTime, String format, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, TimeSpan offset)
+        {
+            Calendar cal = dtfi.Calendar;
+            StringBuilder result = StringBuilderCache.Acquire();
+            // This is a flag to indicate if we are format the dates using Hebrew calendar.
+
+            bool isHebrewCalendar = (cal.ID == CalendarId.HEBREW);
+            // This is a flag to indicate if we are formating hour/minute/second only.
+            bool bTimeOnly = true;
+
+            int i = 0;
+            int tokenLen, hour12;
+
+            while (i < format.Length)
+            {
+                char ch = format[i];
+                int nextChar;
+                switch (ch)
+                {
+                    case 'g':
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        result.Append(dtfi.GetEraName(cal.GetEra(dateTime)));
+                        break;
+                    case 'h':
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        hour12 = dateTime.Hour % 12;
+                        if (hour12 == 0)
+                        {
+                            hour12 = 12;
+                        }
+                        FormatDigits(result, hour12, tokenLen);
+                        break;
+                    case 'H':
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        FormatDigits(result, dateTime.Hour, tokenLen);
+                        break;
+                    case 'm':
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        FormatDigits(result, dateTime.Minute, tokenLen);
+                        break;
+                    case 's':
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        FormatDigits(result, dateTime.Second, tokenLen);
+                        break;
+                    case 'f':
+                    case 'F':
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        if (tokenLen <= MaxSecondsFractionDigits)
+                        {
+                            long fraction = (dateTime.Ticks % Calendar.TicksPerSecond);
+                            fraction = fraction / (long)Math.Pow(10, 7 - tokenLen);
+                            if (ch == 'f')
+                            {
+                                result.Append(((int)fraction).ToString(fixedNumberFormats[tokenLen - 1], CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                int effectiveDigits = tokenLen;
+                                while (effectiveDigits > 0)
+                                {
+                                    if (fraction % 10 == 0)
+                                    {
+                                        fraction = fraction / 10;
+                                        effectiveDigits--;
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                if (effectiveDigits > 0)
+                                {
+                                    result.Append(((int)fraction).ToString(fixedNumberFormats[effectiveDigits - 1], CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    // No fraction to emit, so see if we should remove decimal also.
+                                    if (result.Length > 0 && result[result.Length - 1] == '.')
+                                    {
+                                        result.Remove(result.Length - 1, 1);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            throw new FormatException(SR.Format_InvalidString);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case 't':
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        if (tokenLen == 1)
+                        {
+                            if (dateTime.Hour < 12)
+                            {
+                                if (dtfi.AMDesignator.Length >= 1)
+                                {
+                                    result.Append(dtfi.AMDesignator[0]);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if (dtfi.PMDesignator.Length >= 1)
+                                {
+                                    result.Append(dtfi.PMDesignator[0]);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            result.Append((dateTime.Hour < 12 ? dtfi.AMDesignator : dtfi.PMDesignator));
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case 'd':
+                        //
+                        // tokenLen == 1 : Day of month as digits with no leading zero.
+                        // tokenLen == 2 : Day of month as digits with leading zero for single-digit months.
+                        // tokenLen == 3 : Day of week as a three-leter abbreviation.
+                        // tokenLen >= 4 : Day of week as its full name.
+                        //
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        if (tokenLen <= 2)
+                        {
+                            int day = cal.GetDayOfMonth(dateTime);
+                            if (isHebrewCalendar)
+                            {
+                                // For Hebrew calendar, we need to convert numbers to Hebrew text for yyyy, MM, and dd values.
+                                HebrewFormatDigits(result, day);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                FormatDigits(result, day, tokenLen);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            int dayOfWeek = (int)cal.GetDayOfWeek(dateTime);
+                            result.Append(FormatDayOfWeek(dayOfWeek, tokenLen, dtfi));
+                        }
+                        bTimeOnly = false;
+                        break;
+                    case 'M':
+                        // 
+                        // tokenLen == 1 : Month as digits with no leading zero.
+                        // tokenLen == 2 : Month as digits with leading zero for single-digit months.
+                        // tokenLen == 3 : Month as a three-letter abbreviation.
+                        // tokenLen >= 4 : Month as its full name.
+                        //
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        int month = cal.GetMonth(dateTime);
+                        if (tokenLen <= 2)
+                        {
+                            if (isHebrewCalendar)
+                            {
+                                // For Hebrew calendar, we need to convert numbers to Hebrew text for yyyy, MM, and dd values.
+                                HebrewFormatDigits(result, month);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                FormatDigits(result, month, tokenLen);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (isHebrewCalendar)
+                            {
+                                result.Append(FormatHebrewMonthName(dateTime, month, tokenLen, dtfi));
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if ((dtfi.FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseGenitiveMonth) != 0 && tokenLen >= 4)
+                                {
+                                    result.Append(
+                                        dtfi.internalGetMonthName(
+                                            month,
+                                            IsUseGenitiveForm(format, i, tokenLen, 'd') ? MonthNameStyles.Genitive : MonthNameStyles.Regular,
+                                            false));
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    result.Append(FormatMonth(month, tokenLen, dtfi));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        bTimeOnly = false;
+                        break;
+                    case 'y':
+                        // Notes about OS behavior:
+                        // y: Always print (year % 100). No leading zero.
+                        // yy: Always print (year % 100) with leading zero.
+                        // yyy/yyyy/yyyyy/... : Print year value.  No leading zero.
+
+                        int year = cal.GetYear(dateTime);
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        if (dtfi.HasForceTwoDigitYears)
+                        {
+                            FormatDigits(result, year, tokenLen <= 2 ? tokenLen : 2);
+                        }
+                        else if (cal.ID == CalendarId.HEBREW)
+                        {
+                            HebrewFormatDigits(result, year);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (tokenLen <= 2)
+                            {
+                                FormatDigits(result, year % 100, tokenLen);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                String fmtPattern = "D" + tokenLen.ToString();
+                                result.Append(year.ToString(fmtPattern, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        bTimeOnly = false;
+                        break;
+                    case 'z':
+                        tokenLen = ParseRepeatPattern(format, i, ch);
+                        FormatCustomizedTimeZone(dateTime, offset, format, tokenLen, bTimeOnly, result);
+                        break;
+                    case 'K':
+                        tokenLen = 1;
+                        FormatCustomizedRoundripTimeZone(dateTime, offset, result);
+                        break;
+                    case ':':
+                        result.Append(dtfi.TimeSeparator);
+                        tokenLen = 1;
+                        break;
+                    case '/':
+                        result.Append(dtfi.DateSeparator);
+                        tokenLen = 1;
+                        break;
+                    case '\'':
+                    case '\"':
+                        tokenLen = ParseQuoteString(format, i, result);
+                        break;
+                    case '%':
+                        // Optional format character.
+                        // For example, format string "%d" will print day of month 
+                        // without leading zero.  Most of the cases, "%" can be ignored.
+                        nextChar = ParseNextChar(format, i);
+                        // nextChar will be -1 if we already reach the end of the format string.
+                        // Besides, we will not allow "%%" appear in the pattern.
+                        if (nextChar >= 0 && nextChar != (int)'%')
+                        {
+                            result.Append(FormatCustomized(dateTime, ((char)nextChar).ToString(), dtfi, offset));
+                            tokenLen = 2;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            //
+                            // This means that '%' is at the end of the format string or
+                            // "%%" appears in the format string.
+                            //
+                            throw new FormatException(SR.Format_InvalidString);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case '\\':
+                        // Escaped character.  Can be used to insert character into the format string.
+                        // For exmple, "\d" will insert the character 'd' into the string.
+                        //
+                        // NOTENOTE : we can remove this format character if we enforce the enforced quote 
+                        // character rule.
+                        // That is, we ask everyone to use single quote or double quote to insert characters,
+                        // then we can remove this character.
+                        //
+                        nextChar = ParseNextChar(format, i);
+                        if (nextChar >= 0)
+                        {
+                            result.Append(((char)nextChar));
+                            tokenLen = 2;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            //
+                            // This means that '\' is at the end of the formatting string.
+                            //
+                            throw new FormatException(SR.Format_InvalidString);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        // NOTENOTE : we can remove this rule if we enforce the enforced quote
+                        // character rule.
+                        // That is, if we ask everyone to use single quote or double quote to insert characters,
+                        // then we can remove this default block.
+                        result.Append(ch);
+                        tokenLen = 1;
+                        break;
+                }
+                i += tokenLen;
+            }
+            return StringBuilderCache.GetStringAndRelease(result);
+        }
+
+
+        // output the 'z' famliy of formats, which output a the offset from UTC, e.g. "-07:30"
+        private static void FormatCustomizedTimeZone(DateTime dateTime, TimeSpan offset, String format, Int32 tokenLen, Boolean timeOnly, StringBuilder result)
+        {
+            // See if the instance already has an offset
+            Boolean dateTimeFormat = (offset == NullOffset);
+            if (dateTimeFormat)
+            {
+                // No offset. The instance is a DateTime and the output should be the local time zone
+
+                if (timeOnly && dateTime.Ticks < Calendar.TicksPerDay)
+                {
+                    // For time only format and a time only input, the time offset on 0001/01/01 is less 
+                    // accurate than the system's current offset because of daylight saving time.
+                    offset = TimeZoneInfo.GetLocalUtcOffset(DateTime.Now, TimeZoneInfoOptions.NoThrowOnInvalidTime);
+                }
+                else if (dateTime.Kind == DateTimeKind.Utc)
+                {
+                    offset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    offset = TimeZoneInfo.GetLocalUtcOffset(dateTime, TimeZoneInfoOptions.NoThrowOnInvalidTime);
+                }
+            }
+            if (offset >= TimeSpan.Zero)
+            {
+                result.Append('+');
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result.Append('-');
+                // get a positive offset, so that you don't need a separate code path for the negative numbers.
+                offset = offset.Negate();
+            }
+
+            if (tokenLen <= 1)
+            {
+                // 'z' format e.g "-7"
+                result.AppendFormat(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "{0:0}", offset.Hours);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // 'zz' or longer format e.g "-07"
+                result.AppendFormat(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, "{0:00}", offset.Hours);
+                if (tokenLen >= 3)
+                {
+                    // 'zzz*' or longer format e.g "-07:30"
+                    result.AppendFormat(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, ":{0:00}", offset.Minutes);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // output the 'K' format, which is for round-tripping the data
+        private static void FormatCustomizedRoundripTimeZone(DateTime dateTime, TimeSpan offset, StringBuilder result)
+        {
+            // The objective of this format is to round trip the data in the type
+            // For DateTime it should round-trip the Kind value and preserve the time zone. 
+            // DateTimeOffset instance, it should do so by using the internal time zone.                        
+
+            if (offset == NullOffset)
+            {
+                // source is a date time, so behavior depends on the kind.
+                switch (dateTime.Kind)
+                {
+                    case DateTimeKind.Local:
+                        // This should output the local offset, e.g. "-07:30"
+                        offset = TimeZoneInfo.GetLocalUtcOffset(dateTime, TimeZoneInfoOptions.NoThrowOnInvalidTime);
+                        // fall through to shared time zone output code
+                        break;
+                    case DateTimeKind.Utc:
+                        // The 'Z' constant is a marker for a UTC date
+                        result.Append("Z");
+                        return;
+                    default:
+                        // If the kind is unspecified, we output nothing here
+                        return;
+                }
+            }
+            if (offset >= TimeSpan.Zero)
+            {
+                result.Append('+');
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result.Append('-');
+                // get a positive offset, so that you don't need a separate code path for the negative numbers.
+                offset = offset.Negate();
+            }
+
+            AppendNumber(result, offset.Hours, 2);
+            result.Append(':');
+            AppendNumber(result, offset.Minutes, 2);
+        }
+
+
+        internal static String GetRealFormat(String format, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            String realFormat = null;
+
+            switch (format[0])
+            {
+                case 'd':       // Short Date
+                    realFormat = dtfi.ShortDatePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'D':       // Long Date
+                    realFormat = dtfi.LongDatePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'f':       // Full (long date + short time)
+                    realFormat = dtfi.LongDatePattern + " " + dtfi.ShortTimePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'F':       // Full (long date + long time)
+                    realFormat = dtfi.FullDateTimePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'g':       // General (short date + short time)
+                    realFormat = dtfi.GeneralShortTimePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'G':       // General (short date + long time)
+                    realFormat = dtfi.GeneralLongTimePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'm':
+                case 'M':       // Month/Day Date
+                    realFormat = dtfi.MonthDayPattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'o':
+                case 'O':
+                    realFormat = RoundtripFormat;
+                    break;
+                case 'r':
+                case 'R':       // RFC 1123 Standard                    
+                    realFormat = dtfi.RFC1123Pattern;
+                    break;
+                case 's':       // Sortable without Time Zone Info
+                    realFormat = dtfi.SortableDateTimePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 't':       // Short Time
+                    realFormat = dtfi.ShortTimePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'T':       // Long Time
+                    realFormat = dtfi.LongTimePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'u':       // Universal with Sortable format
+                    realFormat = dtfi.UniversalSortableDateTimePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'U':       // Universal with Full (long date + long time) format
+                    realFormat = dtfi.FullDateTimePattern;
+                    break;
+                case 'y':
+                case 'Y':       // Year/Month Date
+                    realFormat = dtfi.YearMonthPattern;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new FormatException(SR.Format_InvalidString);
+            }
+            return (realFormat);
+        }
+
+
+        // Expand a pre-defined format string (like "D" for long date) to the real format that
+        // we are going to use in the date time parsing.
+        // This method also convert the dateTime if necessary (e.g. when the format is in Universal time),
+        // and change dtfi if necessary (e.g. when the format should use invariant culture).
+        //
+        private static String ExpandPredefinedFormat(String format, ref DateTime dateTime, ref DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref TimeSpan offset)
+        {
+            switch (format[0])
+            {
+                case 'o':
+                case 'O':       // Round trip format
+                    dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo;
+                    break;
+                case 'r':
+                case 'R':       // RFC 1123 Standard                    
+                    if (offset != NullOffset)
+                    {
+                        // Convert to UTC invariants mean this will be in range
+                        dateTime = dateTime - offset;
+                    }
+                    else if (dateTime.Kind == DateTimeKind.Local)
+                    {
+                        InvalidFormatForLocal(format, dateTime);
+                    }
+                    dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo;
+                    break;
+                case 's':       // Sortable without Time Zone Info                
+                    dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo;
+                    break;
+                case 'u':       // Universal time in sortable format.
+                    if (offset != NullOffset)
+                    {
+                        // Convert to UTC invariants mean this will be in range
+                        dateTime = dateTime - offset;
+                    }
+                    else if (dateTime.Kind == DateTimeKind.Local)
+                    {
+                        InvalidFormatForLocal(format, dateTime);
+                    }
+                    dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo;
+                    break;
+                case 'U':       // Universal time in culture dependent format.
+                    if (offset != NullOffset)
+                    {
+                        // This format is not supported by DateTimeOffset
+                        throw new FormatException(SR.Format_InvalidString);
+                    }
+                    // Universal time is always in Greogrian calendar.
+                    //
+                    // Change the Calendar to be Gregorian Calendar.
+                    //
+                    dtfi = (DateTimeFormatInfo)dtfi.Clone();
+                    if (dtfi.Calendar.GetType() != typeof(GregorianCalendar))
+                    {
+                        dtfi.Calendar = GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                    }
+                    dateTime = dateTime.ToUniversalTime();
+                    break;
+            }
+            format = GetRealFormat(format, dtfi);
+            return (format);
+        }
+
+        internal static String Format(DateTime dateTime, String format, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            return Format(dateTime, format, dtfi, NullOffset);
+        }
+
+
+        internal static String Format(DateTime dateTime, String format, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, TimeSpan offset)
+        {
+            Contract.Requires(dtfi != null);
+            if (format == null || format.Length == 0)
+            {
+                Boolean timeOnlySpecialCase = false;
+                if (dateTime.Ticks < Calendar.TicksPerDay)
+                {
+                    // If the time is less than 1 day, consider it as time of day.
+                    // Just print out the short time format.
+                    //
+                    // This is a workaround for VB, since they use ticks less then one day to be 
+                    // time of day.  In cultures which use calendar other than Gregorian calendar, these
+                    // alternative calendar may not support ticks less than a day.
+                    // For example, Japanese calendar only supports date after 1868/9/8.
+                    // This will pose a problem when people in VB get the time of day, and use it
+                    // to call ToString(), which will use the general format (short date + long time).
+                    // Since Japanese calendar does not support Gregorian year 0001, an exception will be
+                    // thrown when we try to get the Japanese year for Gregorian year 0001.
+                    // Therefore, the workaround allows them to call ToString() for time of day from a DateTime by
+                    // formatting as ISO 8601 format.
+                    switch (dtfi.Calendar.ID)
+                    {
+                        case CalendarId.JAPAN:
+                        case CalendarId.TAIWAN:
+                        case CalendarId.HIJRI:
+                        case CalendarId.HEBREW:
+                        case CalendarId.JULIAN:
+                        case CalendarId.UMALQURA:
+                        case CalendarId.PERSIAN:
+                            timeOnlySpecialCase = true;
+                            dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (offset == NullOffset)
+                {
+                    // Default DateTime.ToString case.
+                    if (timeOnlySpecialCase)
+                    {
+                        format = "s";
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        format = "G";
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Default DateTimeOffset.ToString case.
+                    if (timeOnlySpecialCase)
+                    {
+                        format = RoundtripDateTimeUnfixed;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        format = dtfi.DateTimeOffsetPattern;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (format.Length == 1)
+            {
+                switch (format[0])
+                {
+                    case 'O':
+                    case 'o':
+                        return FastFormatRoundtrip(dateTime, offset);
+                    case 'R':
+                    case 'r':
+                        return FastFormatRfc1123(dateTime, offset, dtfi);
+                }
+
+                format = ExpandPredefinedFormat(format, ref dateTime, ref dtfi, ref offset);
+            }
+
+            return (FormatCustomized(dateTime, format, dtfi, offset));
+        }
+
+        internal static string FastFormatRfc1123(DateTime dateTime, TimeSpan offset, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            // ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss GMT
+            const int Rfc1123FormatLength = 29;
+            StringBuilder result = StringBuilderCache.Acquire(Rfc1123FormatLength);
+
+            if (offset != NullOffset)
+            {
+                // Convert to UTC invariants
+                dateTime = dateTime - offset;
+            }
+
+            result.Append(InvariantAbbreviatedDayNames[(int)dateTime.DayOfWeek]);
+            result.Append(',');
+            result.Append(' ');
+            AppendNumber(result, dateTime.Day, 2);
+            result.Append(' ');
+            result.Append(InvariantAbbreviatedMonthNames[dateTime.Month - 1]);
+            result.Append(' ');
+            AppendNumber(result, dateTime.Year, 4);
+            result.Append(' ');
+            AppendHHmmssTimeOfDay(result, dateTime);
+            result.Append(' ');
+            result.Append(Gmt);
+
+            return StringBuilderCache.GetStringAndRelease(result);
+        }
+
+        internal static string FastFormatRoundtrip(DateTime dateTime, TimeSpan offset)
+        {
+            // yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK
+            const int roundTripFormatLength = 28;
+            StringBuilder result = StringBuilderCache.Acquire(roundTripFormatLength);
+
+            AppendNumber(result, dateTime.Year, 4);
+            result.Append('-');
+            AppendNumber(result, dateTime.Month, 2);
+            result.Append('-');
+            AppendNumber(result, dateTime.Day, 2);
+            result.Append('T');
+            AppendHHmmssTimeOfDay(result, dateTime);
+            result.Append('.');
+
+            long fraction = dateTime.Ticks % TimeSpan.TicksPerSecond;
+            AppendNumber(result, fraction, 7);
+
+            FormatCustomizedRoundripTimeZone(dateTime, offset, result);
+
+            return StringBuilderCache.GetStringAndRelease(result);
+        }
+
+        private static void AppendHHmmssTimeOfDay(StringBuilder result, DateTime dateTime)
+        {
+            // HH:mm:ss
+            AppendNumber(result, dateTime.Hour, 2);
+            result.Append(':');
+            AppendNumber(result, dateTime.Minute, 2);
+            result.Append(':');
+            AppendNumber(result, dateTime.Second, 2);
+        }
+
+        internal static void AppendNumber(StringBuilder builder, long val, int digits)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < digits; i++)
+            {
+                builder.Append('0');
+            }
+
+            int index = 1;
+            while (val > 0 && index <= digits)
+            {
+                builder[builder.Length - index] = (char)('0' + (val % 10));
+                val = val / 10;
+                index++;
+            }
+
+            Debug.Assert(val == 0, "DateTimeFormat.AppendNumber(): digits less than size of val");
+        }
+
+        internal static String[] GetAllDateTimes(DateTime dateTime, char format, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            Contract.Requires(dtfi != null);
+            String[] allFormats = null;
+            String[] results = null;
+
+            switch (format)
+            {
+                case 'd':
+                case 'D':
+                case 'f':
+                case 'F':
+                case 'g':
+                case 'G':
+                case 'm':
+                case 'M':
+                case 't':
+                case 'T':
+                case 'y':
+                case 'Y':
+                    allFormats = dtfi.GetAllDateTimePatterns(format);
+                    results = new String[allFormats.Length];
+                    for (int i = 0; i < allFormats.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        results[i] = Format(dateTime, allFormats[i], dtfi);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'U':
+                    DateTime universalTime = dateTime.ToUniversalTime();
+                    allFormats = dtfi.GetAllDateTimePatterns(format);
+                    results = new String[allFormats.Length];
+                    for (int i = 0; i < allFormats.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        results[i] = Format(universalTime, allFormats[i], dtfi);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                //
+                // The following ones are special cases because these patterns are read-only in
+                // DateTimeFormatInfo.
+                //
+                case 'r':
+                case 'R':
+                case 'o':
+                case 'O':
+                case 's':
+                case 'u':
+                    results = new String[] { Format(dateTime, new String(format, 1), dtfi) };
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new FormatException(SR.Format_InvalidString);
+            }
+            return (results);
+        }
+
+        internal static String[] GetAllDateTimes(DateTime dateTime, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            List<String> results = new List<String>(DEFAULT_ALL_DATETIMES_SIZE);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < allStandardFormats.Length; i++)
+            {
+                String[] strings = GetAllDateTimes(dateTime, allStandardFormats[i], dtfi);
+                for (int j = 0; j < strings.Length; j++)
+                {
+                    results.Add(strings[j]);
+                }
+            }
+            String[] value = new String[results.Count];
+            results.CopyTo(0, value, 0, results.Count);
+            return (value);
+        }
+
+        // This is a placeholder for an MDA to detect when the user is using a
+        // local DateTime with a format that will be interpreted as UTC.
+        internal static void InvalidFormatForLocal(String format, DateTime dateTime)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeFormatInfo.cs b/src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeFormatInfo.cs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4e24381
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,3028 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
+using System.Runtime.Serialization;
+
+namespace System.Globalization
+{
+    //
+    // Flags used to indicate different styles of month names.
+    // This is an internal flag used by internalGetMonthName().
+    // Use flag here in case that we need to provide a combination of these styles
+    // (such as month name of a leap year in genitive form.  Not likely for now,
+    // but would like to keep the option open).
+    //
+
+    [Flags]
+    internal enum MonthNameStyles
+    {
+        Regular = 0x00000000,
+        Genitive = 0x00000001,
+        LeapYear = 0x00000002,
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Flags used to indicate special rule used in parsing/formatting
+    // for a specific DateTimeFormatInfo instance.
+    // This is an internal flag.
+    //
+    // This flag is different from MonthNameStyles because this flag
+    // can be expanded to accomodate parsing behaviors like CJK month names
+    // or alternative month names, etc.
+
+    [Flags]
+    internal enum DateTimeFormatFlags
+    {
+        None = 0x00000000,
+        UseGenitiveMonth = 0x00000001,
+        UseLeapYearMonth = 0x00000002,
+        UseSpacesInMonthNames = 0x00000004, // Has spaces or non-breaking space in the month names.
+        UseHebrewRule = 0x00000008,   // Format/Parse using the Hebrew calendar rule.
+        UseSpacesInDayNames = 0x00000010,   // Has spaces or non-breaking space in the day names.
+        UseDigitPrefixInTokens = 0x00000020,   // Has token starting with numbers.
+
+        NotInitialized = -1,
+    }
+
+
+    [Serializable]
+    public sealed class DateTimeFormatInfo : IFormatProvider, ICloneable
+    {
+        // cache for the invariant culture.
+        // invariantInfo is constant irrespective of your current culture.
+        private static volatile DateTimeFormatInfo s_invariantInfo;
+
+        // an index which points to a record in Culture Data Table.
+        [NonSerialized]
+        private CultureData _cultureData;
+
+        // The culture name used to create this DTFI.
+
+        [OptionalField(VersionAdded = 2)]
+        private String _name = null;
+
+        // The language name of the culture used to create this DTFI.
+        [NonSerialized]
+        private String _langName = null;
+
+        // CompareInfo usually used by the parser.
+        [NonSerialized]
+        private CompareInfo _compareInfo = null;
+
+        // Culture matches current DTFI. mainly used for string comparisons during parsing.
+        [NonSerialized]
+        private CultureInfo _cultureInfo = null;
+
+        //
+        // Caches for various properties.
+        //
+
+        private String amDesignator = null;
+        private String pmDesignator = null;
+
+        private String dateSeparator = null;            // derived from short date (whidbey expects, arrowhead doesn't)
+
+        private String generalShortTimePattern = null;     // short date + short time (whidbey expects, arrowhead doesn't)
+
+        private String generalLongTimePattern = null;     // short date + long time (whidbey expects, arrowhead doesn't)
+
+        private String timeSeparator = null;            // derived from long time (whidbey expects, arrowhead doesn't)
+        private String monthDayPattern = null;
+        // added in .NET Framework Release {2.0SP1/3.0SP1/3.5RTM}
+        private String dateTimeOffsetPattern = null;
+
+        //
+        // The following are constant values.
+        //
+        private const String rfc1123Pattern = "ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH':'mm':'ss 'GMT'";
+
+        // The sortable pattern is based on ISO 8601.
+        private const String sortableDateTimePattern = "yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss";
+        private const String universalSortableDateTimePattern = "yyyy'-'MM'-'dd HH':'mm':'ss'Z'";
+
+        //
+        // The following are affected by calendar settings.
+        //
+        private Calendar calendar = null;
+
+        private int firstDayOfWeek = -1;
+        private int calendarWeekRule = -1;
+
+
+        private String fullDateTimePattern = null;        // long date + long time (whidbey expects, arrowhead doesn't)
+
+        private String[] abbreviatedDayNames = null;
+
+
+        private String[] m_superShortDayNames = null;
+
+        private String[] dayNames = null;
+        private String[] abbreviatedMonthNames = null;
+        private String[] monthNames = null;
+        // Cache the genitive month names that we retrieve from the data table.
+
+        private String[] genitiveMonthNames = null;
+
+        // Cache the abbreviated genitive month names that we retrieve from the data table.
+
+        private String[] m_genitiveAbbreviatedMonthNames = null;
+
+        // Cache the month names of a leap year that we retrieve from the data table.
+
+        private String[] leapYearMonthNames = null;
+
+        // For our "patterns" arrays we have 2 variables, a string and a string[]
+        //
+        // The string[] contains the list of patterns, EXCEPT the default may not be included.
+        // The string contains the default pattern.
+        // When we initially construct our string[], we set the string to string[0]
+
+        // The "default" Date/time patterns 
+        private String longDatePattern = null;
+        private String shortDatePattern = null;
+        private String yearMonthPattern = null;
+        private String longTimePattern = null;
+        private String shortTimePattern = null;
+
+        [OptionalField(VersionAdded = 3)]
+        private String[] allYearMonthPatterns = null;
+
+        private String[] allShortDatePatterns = null;
+        private String[] allLongDatePatterns = null;
+        private String[] allShortTimePatterns = null;
+        private String[] allLongTimePatterns = null;
+
+        // Cache the era names for this DateTimeFormatInfo instance.
+        private String[] m_eraNames = null;
+        private String[] m_abbrevEraNames = null;
+        private String[] m_abbrevEnglishEraNames = null;
+
+        private CalendarId[] optionalCalendars = null;
+
+        private const int DEFAULT_ALL_DATETIMES_SIZE = 132;
+
+        // CultureInfo updates this
+        internal bool _isReadOnly = false;
+
+        // This flag gives hints about if formatting/parsing should perform special code path for things like
+        // genitive form or leap year month names.
+
+        private DateTimeFormatFlags formatFlags = DateTimeFormatFlags.NotInitialized;
+
+        private String CultureName
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_name == null)
+                {
+                    _name = _cultureData.CultureName;
+                }
+                return (_name);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private CultureInfo Culture
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_cultureInfo == null)
+                {
+                    _cultureInfo = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(this.CultureName);
+                }
+                return _cultureInfo;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // TODO: This ignores other cultures that might want to do something similar
+        private String LanguageName
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_langName == null)
+                {
+                    _langName = _cultureData.SISO639LANGNAME;
+                }
+                return (_langName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Create an array of string which contains the abbreviated day names.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        private String[] internalGetAbbreviatedDayOfWeekNames()
+        {
+            if (this.abbreviatedDayNames == null)
+            {
+                // Get the abbreviated day names for our current calendar
+                this.abbreviatedDayNames = _cultureData.AbbreviatedDayNames(Calendar.ID);
+                Debug.Assert(this.abbreviatedDayNames.Length == 7, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.GetAbbreviatedDayOfWeekNames] Expected 7 day names in a week");
+            }
+            return (this.abbreviatedDayNames);
+        }
+
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Action: Returns the string array of the one-letter day of week names.
+        // Returns:
+        //  an array of one-letter day of week names
+        // Arguments:
+        //  None
+        // Exceptions:
+        //  None
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        private String[] internalGetSuperShortDayNames()
+        {
+            if (this.m_superShortDayNames == null)
+            {
+                // Get the super short day names for our current calendar
+                this.m_superShortDayNames = _cultureData.SuperShortDayNames(Calendar.ID);
+                Debug.Assert(this.m_superShortDayNames.Length == 7, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.internalGetSuperShortDayNames] Expected 7 day names in a week");
+            }
+            return (this.m_superShortDayNames);
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Create an array of string which contains the day names.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        private String[] internalGetDayOfWeekNames()
+        {
+            if (this.dayNames == null)
+            {
+                // Get the day names for our current calendar
+                this.dayNames = _cultureData.DayNames(Calendar.ID);
+                Debug.Assert(this.dayNames.Length == 7, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.GetDayOfWeekNames] Expected 7 day names in a week");
+            }
+            return (this.dayNames);
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Create an array of string which contains the abbreviated month names.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        private String[] internalGetAbbreviatedMonthNames()
+        {
+            if (this.abbreviatedMonthNames == null)
+            {
+                // Get the month names for our current calendar
+                this.abbreviatedMonthNames = _cultureData.AbbreviatedMonthNames(Calendar.ID);
+                Debug.Assert(this.abbreviatedMonthNames.Length == 12 || this.abbreviatedMonthNames.Length == 13,
+                    "[DateTimeFormatInfo.GetAbbreviatedMonthNames] Expected 12 or 13 month names in a year");
+            }
+            return (this.abbreviatedMonthNames);
+        }
+
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Create an array of string which contains the month names.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        private String[] internalGetMonthNames()
+        {
+            if (this.monthNames == null)
+            {
+                // Get the month names for our current calendar
+                this.monthNames = _cultureData.MonthNames(Calendar.ID);
+                Debug.Assert(this.monthNames.Length == 12 || this.monthNames.Length == 13,
+                    "[DateTimeFormatInfo.GetMonthNames] Expected 12 or 13 month names in a year");
+            }
+
+            return (this.monthNames);
+        }
+
+
+        //
+        // Invariant DateTimeFormatInfo doesn't have user-overriden values
+        // Default calendar is gregorian
+        public DateTimeFormatInfo()
+            : this(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.m_cultureData, GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance())
+        {
+        }
+
+        internal DateTimeFormatInfo(CultureData cultureData, Calendar cal)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(cultureData != null);
+            Debug.Assert(cal != null);
+
+            // Remember our culture
+            _cultureData = cultureData;
+
+            this.Calendar = cal;
+        }
+
+        private void InitializeOverridableProperties(CultureData cultureData, CalendarId calendarId)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(cultureData != null);
+            Debug.Assert(calendarId != CalendarId.UNINITIALIZED_VALUE, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.Populate] Expected initalized calendarId");
+
+            if (this.firstDayOfWeek == -1) { this.firstDayOfWeek = cultureData.IFIRSTDAYOFWEEK; }
+            if (this.calendarWeekRule == -1) { this.calendarWeekRule = cultureData.IFIRSTWEEKOFYEAR; }
+
+            if (this.amDesignator == null) { this.amDesignator = cultureData.SAM1159; }
+            if (this.pmDesignator == null) { this.pmDesignator = cultureData.SPM2359; }
+            if (this.timeSeparator == null) { this.timeSeparator = cultureData.TimeSeparator; }
+            if (this.dateSeparator == null) { this.dateSeparator = cultureData.DateSeparator(calendarId); }
+
+            this.allLongTimePatterns = _cultureData.LongTimes;
+            Debug.Assert(this.allLongTimePatterns.Length > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.Populate] Expected some long time patterns");
+
+            this.allShortTimePatterns = _cultureData.ShortTimes;
+            Debug.Assert(this.allShortTimePatterns.Length > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.Populate] Expected some short time patterns");
+
+            this.allLongDatePatterns = cultureData.LongDates(calendarId);
+            Debug.Assert(this.allLongDatePatterns.Length > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.Populate] Expected some long date patterns");
+
+            this.allShortDatePatterns = cultureData.ShortDates(calendarId);
+            Debug.Assert(this.allShortDatePatterns.Length > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.Populate] Expected some short date patterns");
+
+            this.allYearMonthPatterns = cultureData.YearMonths(calendarId);
+            Debug.Assert(this.allYearMonthPatterns.Length > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.Populate] Expected some year month patterns");
+        }
+
+        [OptionalField(VersionAdded = 1)]
+        private bool _useUserOverride;
+
+        // This was synthesized by Whidbey so we knew what words might appear in the middle of a date string
+        // Now we always synthesize so its not helpful
+
+        internal String[] m_dateWords = null;
+
+        [OnSerializing]
+        private void OnSerializing(StreamingContext ctx)
+        {
+            _name = this.CultureName; // make sure the _name is initialized.
+            _useUserOverride = _cultureData.UseUserOverride;
+
+            // Important to initialize these fields otherwise we may run into exception when deserializing on Whidbey
+            // because Whidbey try to initialize some of these fields using calendar data which could be null values 
+            // and then we get exceptions.  So we call the accessors to force the caches to get loaded.
+            Object o;
+            o = this.LongTimePattern;
+            o = this.LongDatePattern;
+            o = this.ShortTimePattern;
+            o = this.ShortDatePattern;
+            o = this.YearMonthPattern;
+            o = this.AllLongTimePatterns;
+            o = this.AllLongDatePatterns;
+            o = this.AllShortTimePatterns;
+            o = this.AllShortDatePatterns;
+            o = this.AllYearMonthPatterns;
+        }
+
+        [OnDeserialized]
+        private void OnDeserialized(StreamingContext ctx)
+        {
+            if (_name != null)
+            {
+                _cultureData = CultureData.GetCultureData(_name, _useUserOverride);
+                if (_cultureData == null)
+                {
+                    throw new CultureNotFoundException("_name", _name, SR.Argument_CultureNotSupported);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (calendar == null)
+            {
+                calendar = (Calendar)GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance().Clone();
+                calendar.SetReadOnlyState(_isReadOnly);
+            }
+
+            InitializeOverridableProperties(_cultureData, calendar.ID);
+
+            //
+            //  turn off read only state till we finish initializing all fields and then store read only state after we are done.
+            //
+            bool isReadOnly = _isReadOnly;
+            _isReadOnly = false;
+
+            // If we deserialized defaults ala Whidbey, make sure they're still defaults
+            // Whidbey's arrays could get a bit mixed up.
+            if (longDatePattern != null) this.LongDatePattern = longDatePattern;
+            if (shortDatePattern != null) this.ShortDatePattern = shortDatePattern;
+            if (yearMonthPattern != null) this.YearMonthPattern = yearMonthPattern;
+            if (longTimePattern != null) this.LongTimePattern = longTimePattern;
+            if (shortTimePattern != null) this.ShortTimePattern = shortTimePattern;
+
+            _isReadOnly = isReadOnly;
+        }
+
+        // Returns a default DateTimeFormatInfo that will be universally
+        // supported and constant irrespective of the current culture.
+        // Used by FromString methods.
+        //
+
+        public static DateTimeFormatInfo InvariantInfo
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<DateTimeFormatInfo>() != null);
+                if (s_invariantInfo == null)
+                {
+                    DateTimeFormatInfo info = new DateTimeFormatInfo();
+                    info.Calendar.SetReadOnlyState(true);
+                    info._isReadOnly = true;
+                    s_invariantInfo = info;
+                }
+                return (s_invariantInfo);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Returns the current culture's DateTimeFormatInfo.  Used by Parse methods.
+        //
+
+        public static DateTimeFormatInfo CurrentInfo
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<DateTimeFormatInfo>() != null);
+                System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
+                if (!culture.m_isInherited)
+                {
+                    DateTimeFormatInfo info = culture.dateTimeInfo;
+                    if (info != null)
+                    {
+                        return info;
+                    }
+                }
+                return (DateTimeFormatInfo)culture.GetFormat(typeof(DateTimeFormatInfo));
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public static DateTimeFormatInfo GetInstance(IFormatProvider provider)
+        {
+            // Fast case for a regular CultureInfo
+            DateTimeFormatInfo info;
+            CultureInfo cultureProvider = provider as CultureInfo;
+            if (cultureProvider != null && !cultureProvider.m_isInherited)
+            {
+                return cultureProvider.DateTimeFormat;
+            }
+            // Fast case for a DTFI;
+            info = provider as DateTimeFormatInfo;
+            if (info != null)
+            {
+                return info;
+            }
+            // Wasn't cultureInfo or DTFI, do it the slower way
+            if (provider != null)
+            {
+                info = provider.GetFormat(typeof(DateTimeFormatInfo)) as DateTimeFormatInfo;
+                if (info != null)
+                {
+                    return info;
+                }
+            }
+            // Couldn't get anything, just use currentInfo as fallback
+            return CurrentInfo;
+        }
+
+
+        public Object GetFormat(Type formatType)
+        {
+            return (formatType == typeof(DateTimeFormatInfo) ? this : null);
+        }
+
+
+        public Object Clone()
+        {
+            DateTimeFormatInfo n = (DateTimeFormatInfo)MemberwiseClone();
+            // We can use the data member calendar in the setter, instead of the property Calendar,
+            // since the cloned copy should have the same state as the original copy.
+            n.calendar = (Calendar)this.Calendar.Clone();
+            n._isReadOnly = false;
+            return n;
+        }
+
+
+        public String AMDesignator
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.amDesignator == null)
+                {
+                    this.amDesignator = _cultureData.SAM1159;
+                }
+                Debug.Assert(this.amDesignator != null, "DateTimeFormatInfo.AMDesignator, amDesignator != null");
+                return (this.amDesignator);
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+                amDesignator = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public Calendar Calendar
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<Calendar>() != null);
+
+                Debug.Assert(this.calendar != null, "DateTimeFormatInfo.Calendar: calendar != null");
+                return (this.calendar);
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value), SR.ArgumentNull_Obj);
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                if (value == calendar)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < this.OptionalCalendars.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    if (this.OptionalCalendars[i] == value.ID)
+                    {
+                        // We can use this one, so do so.
+
+                        // Clean related properties if we already had a calendar set
+                        if (calendar != null)
+                        {
+                            // clean related properties which are affected by the calendar setting,
+                            // so that they will be refreshed when they are accessed next time.
+                            //
+
+                            // These properites are in the order as appearing in calendar.xml.
+                            m_eraNames = null;
+                            m_abbrevEraNames = null;
+                            m_abbrevEnglishEraNames = null;
+
+                            monthDayPattern = null;
+
+                            dayNames = null;
+                            abbreviatedDayNames = null;
+                            m_superShortDayNames = null;
+                            monthNames = null;
+                            abbreviatedMonthNames = null;
+                            genitiveMonthNames = null;
+                            m_genitiveAbbreviatedMonthNames = null;
+                            leapYearMonthNames = null;
+                            formatFlags = DateTimeFormatFlags.NotInitialized;
+
+                            allShortDatePatterns = null;
+                            allLongDatePatterns = null;
+                            allYearMonthPatterns = null;
+                            dateTimeOffsetPattern = null;
+
+                            // The defaults need reset as well:
+                            longDatePattern = null;
+                            shortDatePattern = null;
+                            yearMonthPattern = null;
+
+                            // These properies are not in the OS data, but they are dependent on the values like shortDatePattern.
+                            fullDateTimePattern = null; // Long date + long time
+                            generalShortTimePattern = null; // short date + short time
+                            generalLongTimePattern = null; // short date + long time
+
+                            // Derived item that changes
+                            dateSeparator = null;
+
+                            // We don't need to do these because they are not changed by changing calendar
+                            //      amDesignator
+                            //      pmDesignator
+                            //      timeSeparator
+                            //      longTimePattern
+                            //      firstDayOfWeek
+                            //      calendarWeekRule
+
+                            // remember to reload tokens
+                            ClearTokenHashTable();
+                        }
+
+                        // Remember the new calendar
+                        calendar = value;
+                        InitializeOverridableProperties(_cultureData, calendar.ID);
+
+                        // We succeeded, return
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // The assigned calendar is not a valid calendar for this culture, throw
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(value), SR.Argument_InvalidCalendar);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private CalendarId[] OptionalCalendars
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.optionalCalendars == null)
+                {
+                    this.optionalCalendars = _cultureData.CalendarIds;
+                }
+                return (this.optionalCalendars);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*=================================GetEra==========================
+        **Action: Get the era value by parsing the name of the era.
+        **Returns: The era value for the specified era name.
+        **      -1 if the name of the era is not valid or not supported.
+        **Arguments: eraName    the name of the era.
+        **Exceptions: None.
+        ============================================================================*/
+
+
+        public int GetEra(String eraName)
+        {
+            if (eraName == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(eraName),
+                    SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+            }
+            Contract.EndContractBlock();
+
+            // The Era Name and Abbreviated Era Name 
+            // for Taiwan Calendar on non-Taiwan SKU returns empty string (which 
+            // would be matched below) but we don't want the empty string to give
+            // us an Era number
+            // confer 85900 DTFI.GetEra("") should fail on all cultures
+            if (eraName.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return (-1);
+            }
+
+            // The following is based on the assumption that the era value is starting from 1, and has a
+            // serial values.
+            // If that ever changes, the code has to be changed.
+
+            // The calls to String.Compare should use the current culture for the string comparisons, but the
+            // invariant culture when comparing against the english names.
+            for (int i = 0; i < EraNames.Length; i++)
+            {
+                // Compare the era name in a case-insensitive way for the appropriate culture.
+                if (m_eraNames[i].Length > 0)
+                {
+                    if (this.Culture.CompareInfo.Compare(eraName, m_eraNames[i], CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) == 0)
+                    {
+                        return (i + 1);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < AbbreviatedEraNames.Length; i++)
+            {
+                // Compare the abbreviated era name in a case-insensitive way for the appropriate culture.              
+                if (this.Culture.CompareInfo.Compare(eraName, m_abbrevEraNames[i], CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) == 0)
+                {
+                    return (i + 1);
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < AbbreviatedEnglishEraNames.Length; i++)
+            {
+                // this comparison should use the InvariantCulture.  The English name could have linguistically
+                // interesting characters.
+                if (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture.CompareInfo.Compare(eraName, m_abbrevEnglishEraNames[i], CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) == 0)
+                {
+                    return (i + 1);
+                }
+            }
+            return (-1);
+        }
+
+
+        internal String[] EraNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.m_eraNames == null)
+                {
+                    this.m_eraNames = _cultureData.EraNames(Calendar.ID); ;
+                }
+                return (this.m_eraNames);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*=================================GetEraName==========================
+        **Action: Get the name of the era for the specified era value.
+        **Returns: The name of the specified era.
+        **Arguments:
+        **      era the era value.
+        **Exceptions:
+        **      ArguementException if the era valie is invalid.
+        ============================================================================*/
+
+        // Era names are 1 indexed
+        public String GetEraName(int era)
+        {
+            if (era == Calendar.CurrentEra)
+            {
+                era = Calendar.CurrentEraValue;
+            }
+
+            // The following is based on the assumption that the era value is starting from 1, and has a
+            // serial values.
+            // If that ever changes, the code has to be changed.
+            if ((--era) < EraNames.Length && (era >= 0))
+            {
+                return (m_eraNames[era]);
+            }
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(era), SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_InvalidEraValue);
+        }
+
+        internal String[] AbbreviatedEraNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.m_abbrevEraNames == null)
+                {
+                    this.m_abbrevEraNames = _cultureData.AbbrevEraNames(Calendar.ID);
+                }
+                return (this.m_abbrevEraNames);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Era names are 1 indexed
+        public String GetAbbreviatedEraName(int era)
+        {
+            if (AbbreviatedEraNames.Length == 0)
+            {
+                // If abbreviation era name is not used in this culture,
+                // return the full era name.
+                return (GetEraName(era));
+            }
+            if (era == Calendar.CurrentEra)
+            {
+                era = Calendar.CurrentEraValue;
+            }
+            if ((--era) < m_abbrevEraNames.Length && (era >= 0))
+            {
+                return (m_abbrevEraNames[era]);
+            }
+            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(era), SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_InvalidEraValue);
+        }
+
+        internal String[] AbbreviatedEnglishEraNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.m_abbrevEnglishEraNames == null)
+                {
+                    Debug.Assert(Calendar.ID > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.AbbreviatedEnglishEraNames] Expected Calendar.ID > 0");
+                    this.m_abbrevEnglishEraNames = _cultureData.AbbreviatedEnglishEraNames(Calendar.ID);
+                }
+                return (this.m_abbrevEnglishEraNames);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Note that cultureData derives this from the short date format (unless someone's set this previously)
+        // Note that this property is quite undesirable.
+        public string DateSeparator
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (dateSeparator == null)
+                {
+                    dateSeparator = _cultureData.DateSeparator(Calendar.ID);
+                }
+                Debug.Assert(this.dateSeparator != null, "DateTimeFormatInfo.DateSeparator, dateSeparator != null");
+                return dateSeparator;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value), SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+                dateSeparator = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public DayOfWeek FirstDayOfWeek
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.firstDayOfWeek == -1)
+                {
+                    this.firstDayOfWeek = _cultureData.IFIRSTDAYOFWEEK;
+                }
+                Debug.Assert(this.firstDayOfWeek != -1, "DateTimeFormatInfo.FirstDayOfWeek, firstDayOfWeek != -1");
+
+                return ((DayOfWeek)this.firstDayOfWeek);
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value >= DayOfWeek.Sunday && value <= DayOfWeek.Saturday)
+                {
+                    firstDayOfWeek = (int)value;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
+                        nameof(value), SR.Format(SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_Range,
+                        DayOfWeek.Sunday, DayOfWeek.Saturday));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public CalendarWeekRule CalendarWeekRule
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.calendarWeekRule == -1)
+                {
+                    this.calendarWeekRule = _cultureData.IFIRSTWEEKOFYEAR;
+                }
+                Debug.Assert(this.calendarWeekRule != -1, "DateTimeFormatInfo.CalendarWeekRule, calendarWeekRule != -1");
+                return ((CalendarWeekRule)this.calendarWeekRule);
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value >= CalendarWeekRule.FirstDay && value <= CalendarWeekRule.FirstFourDayWeek)
+                {
+                    calendarWeekRule = (int)value;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
+                        nameof(value), SR.Format(SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_Range,
+                        CalendarWeekRule.FirstDay, CalendarWeekRule.FirstFourDayWeek));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public String FullDateTimePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (fullDateTimePattern == null)
+                {
+                    fullDateTimePattern = LongDatePattern + " " + LongTimePattern;
+                }
+                return (fullDateTimePattern);
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                fullDateTimePattern = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        // For our "patterns" arrays we have 2 variables, a string and a string[]
+        //
+        // The string[] contains the list of patterns, EXCEPT the default may not be included.
+        // The string contains the default pattern.
+        // When we initially construct our string[], we set the string to string[0]
+        public String LongDatePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                // Initialize our long date pattern from the 1st array value if not set
+                if (this.longDatePattern == null)
+                {
+                    // Initialize our data
+                    this.longDatePattern = this.UnclonedLongDatePatterns[0];
+                }
+
+                return this.longDatePattern;
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+
+                // Remember the new string
+                this.longDatePattern = value;
+
+                // Clear the token hash table
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+
+                // Clean up cached values that will be affected by this property.
+                this.fullDateTimePattern = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // For our "patterns" arrays we have 2 variables, a string and a string[]
+        //
+        // The string[] contains the list of patterns, EXCEPT the default may not be included.
+        // The string contains the default pattern.
+        // When we initially construct our string[], we set the string to string[0]
+        public String LongTimePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                // Initialize our long time pattern from the 1st array value if not set
+                if (this.longTimePattern == null)
+                {
+                    // Initialize our data
+                    this.longTimePattern = this.UnclonedLongTimePatterns[0];
+                }
+
+                return this.longTimePattern;
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+
+                // Remember the new string
+                this.longTimePattern = value;
+
+                // Clear the token hash table
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+
+                // Clean up cached values that will be affected by this property.
+                this.fullDateTimePattern = null;     // Full date = long date + long Time
+                this.generalLongTimePattern = null;  // General long date = short date + long Time
+                this.dateTimeOffsetPattern = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        // Note: just to be confusing there's only 1 month day pattern, not a whole list
+        public String MonthDayPattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.monthDayPattern == null)
+                {
+                    Debug.Assert(Calendar.ID > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.MonthDayPattern] Expected calID > 0");
+                    this.monthDayPattern = _cultureData.MonthDay(Calendar.ID);
+                }
+                Debug.Assert(this.monthDayPattern != null, "DateTimeFormatInfo.MonthDayPattern, monthDayPattern != null");
+                return (this.monthDayPattern);
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+
+                this.monthDayPattern = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public String PMDesignator
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.pmDesignator == null)
+                {
+                    this.pmDesignator = _cultureData.SPM2359;
+                }
+                Debug.Assert(this.pmDesignator != null, "DateTimeFormatInfo.PMDesignator, pmDesignator != null");
+                return (this.pmDesignator);
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+
+                pmDesignator = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public String RFC1123Pattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return (rfc1123Pattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // For our "patterns" arrays we have 2 variables, a string and a string[]
+        //
+        // The string[] contains the list of patterns, EXCEPT the default may not be included.
+        // The string contains the default pattern.
+        // When we initially construct our string[], we set the string to string[0]
+        public String ShortDatePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                // Initialize our short date pattern from the 1st array value if not set
+                if (this.shortDatePattern == null)
+                {
+                    // Initialize our data
+                    this.shortDatePattern = this.UnclonedShortDatePatterns[0];
+                }
+
+                return this.shortDatePattern;
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+
+                // Remember the new string
+                this.shortDatePattern = value;
+
+                // Clear the token hash table, note that even short dates could require this
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+
+                // Clean up cached values that will be affected by this property.
+                generalLongTimePattern = null;   // General long time = short date + long time
+                generalShortTimePattern = null;  // General short time = short date + short Time
+                dateTimeOffsetPattern = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        // For our "patterns" arrays we have 2 variables, a string and a string[]
+        //
+        // The string[] contains the list of patterns, EXCEPT the default may not be included.
+        // The string contains the default pattern.
+        // When we initially construct our string[], we set the string to string[0]
+        public String ShortTimePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                // Initialize our short time pattern from the 1st array value if not set
+                if (this.shortTimePattern == null)
+                {
+                    // Initialize our data
+                    this.shortTimePattern = this.UnclonedShortTimePatterns[0];
+                }
+                return this.shortTimePattern;
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+
+                // Remember the new string
+                this.shortTimePattern = value;
+
+                // Clear the token hash table, note that even short times could require this
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+
+                // Clean up cached values that will be affected by this property.
+                generalShortTimePattern = null; // General short date = short date + short time.
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public String SortableDateTimePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return (sortableDateTimePattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*=================================GeneralShortTimePattern=====================
+        **Property: Return the pattern for 'g' general format: shortDate + short time
+        **Note: This is used by DateTimeFormat.cs to get the pattern for 'g'
+        **      We put this internal property here so that we can avoid doing the
+        **      concatation every time somebody asks for the general format.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        internal String GeneralShortTimePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (generalShortTimePattern == null)
+                {
+                    generalShortTimePattern = ShortDatePattern + " " + ShortTimePattern;
+                }
+                return (generalShortTimePattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*=================================GeneralLongTimePattern=====================
+        **Property: Return the pattern for 'g' general format: shortDate + Long time
+        **Note: This is used by DateTimeFormat.cs to get the pattern for 'g'
+        **      We put this internal property here so that we can avoid doing the
+        **      concatation every time somebody asks for the general format.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        internal String GeneralLongTimePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (generalLongTimePattern == null)
+                {
+                    generalLongTimePattern = ShortDatePattern + " " + LongTimePattern;
+                }
+                return (generalLongTimePattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*=================================DateTimeOffsetPattern==========================
+        **Property: Return the default pattern DateTimeOffset : shortDate + long time + time zone offset
+        **Note: This is used by DateTimeFormat.cs to get the pattern for short Date + long time +  time zone offset
+        **      We put this internal property here so that we can avoid doing the
+        **      concatation every time somebody uses this form
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        /*=================================DateTimeOffsetPattern==========================
+        **Property: Return the default pattern DateTimeOffset : shortDate + long time + time zone offset
+        **Note: This is used by DateTimeFormat.cs to get the pattern for short Date + long time +  time zone offset
+        **      We put this internal property here so that we can avoid doing the
+        **      concatation every time somebody uses this form
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        internal String DateTimeOffsetPattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (dateTimeOffsetPattern == null)
+                {
+                    string dateTimePattern = ShortDatePattern + " " + LongTimePattern;
+
+                    /* LongTimePattern might contain a "z" as part of the format string in which case we don't want to append a time zone offset */
+
+                    bool foundZ = false;
+                    bool inQuote = false;
+                    char quote = '\'';
+                    for (int i = 0; !foundZ && i < LongTimePattern.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        switch (LongTimePattern[i])
+                        {
+                            case 'z':
+                                /* if we aren't in a quote, we've found a z */
+                                foundZ = !inQuote;
+                                /* we'll fall out of the loop now because the test includes !foundZ */
+                                break;
+                            case '\'':
+                            case '\"':
+                                if (inQuote && (quote == LongTimePattern[i]))
+                                {
+                                    /* we were in a quote and found a matching exit quote, so we are outside a quote now */
+                                    inQuote = false;
+                                }
+                                else if (!inQuote)
+                                {
+                                    quote = LongTimePattern[i];
+                                    inQuote = true;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    /* we were in a quote and saw the other type of quote character, so we are still in a quote */
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            case '%':
+                            case '\\':
+                                i++; /* skip next character that is escaped by this backslash */
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (!foundZ)
+                    {
+                        dateTimePattern = dateTimePattern + " zzz";
+                    }
+
+                    dateTimeOffsetPattern = dateTimePattern;
+                }
+                return (dateTimeOffsetPattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Note that cultureData derives this from the long time format (unless someone's set this previously)
+        // Note that this property is quite undesirable.
+        public string TimeSeparator
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (timeSeparator == null)
+                {
+                    timeSeparator = _cultureData.TimeSeparator;
+                }
+                Debug.Assert(this.timeSeparator != null, "DateTimeFormatInfo.TimeSeparator, timeSeparator != null");
+                return (timeSeparator);
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value), SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                }
+
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+
+                timeSeparator = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public String UniversalSortableDateTimePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return (universalSortableDateTimePattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // For our "patterns" arrays we have 2 variables, a string and a string[]
+        //
+        // The string[] contains the list of patterns, EXCEPT the default may not be included.
+        // The string contains the default pattern.
+        // When we initially construct our string[], we set the string to string[0]
+        public String YearMonthPattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                // Initialize our year/month pattern from the 1st array value if not set
+                if (this.yearMonthPattern == null)
+                {
+                    // Initialize our data
+                    this.yearMonthPattern = this.UnclonedYearMonthPatterns[0];
+                }
+                return this.yearMonthPattern;
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_String);
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+
+                // Remember the new string
+                this.yearMonthPattern = value;
+
+                // Clear the token hash table, note that even short times could require this
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+            }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Check if a string array contains a null value, and throw ArgumentNullException with parameter name "value"
+        //
+        private static void CheckNullValue(String[] values, int length)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(values != null, "value != null");
+            Debug.Assert(values.Length >= length);
+            for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
+            {
+                if (values[i] == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException("value",
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_ArrayValue);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public String[] AbbreviatedDayNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return ((String[])internalGetAbbreviatedDayOfWeekNames().Clone());
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_Array);
+                }
+                if (value.Length != 7)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_InvalidArrayLength, 7), nameof(value));
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                CheckNullValue(value, value.Length);
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+
+                abbreviatedDayNames = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Returns the string array of the one-letter day of week names.
+        public String[] ShortestDayNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return ((String[])internalGetSuperShortDayNames().Clone());
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_Array);
+                }
+                if (value.Length != 7)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_InvalidArrayLength, 7), nameof(value));
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                CheckNullValue(value, value.Length);
+                this.m_superShortDayNames = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public String[] DayNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return ((String[])internalGetDayOfWeekNames().Clone());
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_Array);
+                }
+                if (value.Length != 7)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_InvalidArrayLength, 7), nameof(value));
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                CheckNullValue(value, value.Length);
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+
+                dayNames = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public String[] AbbreviatedMonthNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return ((String[])internalGetAbbreviatedMonthNames().Clone());
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_Array);
+                }
+                if (value.Length != 13)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_InvalidArrayLength, 13), nameof(value));
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                CheckNullValue(value, value.Length - 1);
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+                abbreviatedMonthNames = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public String[] MonthNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return ((String[])internalGetMonthNames().Clone());
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_Array);
+                }
+                if (value.Length != 13)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_InvalidArrayLength, 13), nameof(value));
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                CheckNullValue(value, value.Length - 1);
+                monthNames = value;
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Whitespaces that we allow in the month names.
+        // U+00a0 is non-breaking space.
+        private static readonly char[] s_monthSpaces = { ' ', '\u00a0' };
+
+        internal bool HasSpacesInMonthNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return (FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseSpacesInMonthNames) != 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal bool HasSpacesInDayNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return (FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseSpacesInDayNames) != 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        //
+        //  internalGetMonthName
+        //
+        // Actions: Return the month name using the specified MonthNameStyles in either abbreviated form
+        //      or full form.
+        // Arguments:
+        //      month
+        //      style           To indicate a form like regular/genitive/month name in a leap year.
+        //      abbreviated     When true, return abbreviated form.  Otherwise, return a full form.
+        //  Exceptions:
+        //      ArgumentOutOfRangeException When month name is invalid.
+        //
+        internal String internalGetMonthName(int month, MonthNameStyles style, bool abbreviated)
+        {
+            //
+            // Right now, style is mutual exclusive, but I make the style to be flag so that
+            // maybe we can combine flag if there is such a need.
+            //
+            String[] monthNamesArray = null;
+            switch (style)
+            {
+                case MonthNameStyles.Genitive:
+                    monthNamesArray = internalGetGenitiveMonthNames(abbreviated);
+                    break;
+                case MonthNameStyles.LeapYear:
+                    monthNamesArray = internalGetLeapYearMonthNames(/*abbreviated*/);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    monthNamesArray = (abbreviated ? internalGetAbbreviatedMonthNames() : internalGetMonthNames());
+                    break;
+            }
+            // The month range is from 1 ~ this.m_monthNames.Length
+            // (actually is 13 right now for all cases)
+            if ((month < 1) || (month > monthNamesArray.Length))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
+                    nameof(month), SR.Format(SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_Range,
+                    1, monthNamesArray.Length));
+            }
+            return (monthNamesArray[month - 1]);
+        }
+
+        //
+        //  internalGetGenitiveMonthNames
+        //
+        //  Action: Retrieve the array which contains the month names in genitive form.
+        //      If this culture does not use the gentive form, the normal month name is returned.
+        //  Arguments:
+        //      abbreviated     When true, return abbreviated form.  Otherwise, return a full form.
+        //
+        private String[] internalGetGenitiveMonthNames(bool abbreviated)
+        {
+            if (abbreviated)
+            {
+                if (this.m_genitiveAbbreviatedMonthNames == null)
+                {
+                    this.m_genitiveAbbreviatedMonthNames = _cultureData.AbbreviatedGenitiveMonthNames(this.Calendar.ID);
+                    Debug.Assert(this.m_genitiveAbbreviatedMonthNames.Length == 13,
+                        "[DateTimeFormatInfo.GetGenitiveMonthNames] Expected 13 abbreviated genitive month names in a year");
+                }
+                return (this.m_genitiveAbbreviatedMonthNames);
+            }
+
+            if (this.genitiveMonthNames == null)
+            {
+                this.genitiveMonthNames = _cultureData.GenitiveMonthNames(this.Calendar.ID);
+                Debug.Assert(this.genitiveMonthNames.Length == 13,
+                    "[DateTimeFormatInfo.GetGenitiveMonthNames] Expected 13 genitive month names in a year");
+            }
+            return (this.genitiveMonthNames);
+        }
+
+        //
+        //  internalGetLeapYearMonthNames
+        //
+        //  Actions: Retrieve the month names used in a leap year.
+        //      If this culture does not have different month names in a leap year, the normal month name is returned.
+        //  Agruments: None. (can use abbreviated later if needed)
+        //
+        internal String[] internalGetLeapYearMonthNames(/*bool abbreviated*/)
+        {
+            if (this.leapYearMonthNames == null)
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(Calendar.ID > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.internalGetLeapYearMonthNames] Expected Calendar.ID > 0");
+                this.leapYearMonthNames = _cultureData.LeapYearMonthNames(Calendar.ID);
+                Debug.Assert(this.leapYearMonthNames.Length == 13,
+                    "[DateTimeFormatInfo.internalGetLeapYearMonthNames] Expepcted 13 leap year month names");
+            }
+            return (leapYearMonthNames);
+        }
+
+
+        public String GetAbbreviatedDayName(DayOfWeek dayofweek)
+        {
+            if ((int)dayofweek < 0 || (int)dayofweek > 6)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
+                    nameof(dayofweek), SR.Format(SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_Range,
+                    DayOfWeek.Sunday, DayOfWeek.Saturday));
+            }
+            Contract.EndContractBlock();
+            //
+            // Don't call the public property AbbreviatedDayNames here since a clone is needed in that
+            // property, so it will be slower.  Instead, use GetAbbreviatedDayOfWeekNames() directly.
+            //
+            return (internalGetAbbreviatedDayOfWeekNames()[(int)dayofweek]);
+        }
+
+        // Returns the super short day of week names for the specified day of week.
+        public string GetShortestDayName(DayOfWeek dayOfWeek)
+        {
+            if ((int)dayOfWeek < 0 || (int)dayOfWeek > 6)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
+                    nameof(dayOfWeek), SR.Format(SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_Range,
+                    DayOfWeek.Sunday, DayOfWeek.Saturday));
+            }
+            Contract.EndContractBlock();
+            //
+            // Don't call the public property SuperShortDayNames here since a clone is needed in that
+            // property, so it will be slower.  Instead, use internalGetSuperShortDayNames() directly.
+            //
+            return (internalGetSuperShortDayNames()[(int)dayOfWeek]);
+        }
+
+        // Get all possible combination of inputs
+        private static String[] GetCombinedPatterns(String[] patterns1, String[] patterns2, String connectString)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(patterns1 != null);
+            Debug.Assert(patterns2 != null);
+
+            // Get array size
+            String[] result = new String[patterns1.Length * patterns2.Length];
+
+            // Counter of actual results
+            int k = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < patterns1.Length; i++)
+            {
+                for (int j = 0; j < patterns2.Length; j++)
+                {
+                    // Can't combine if null or empty
+                    result[k++] = patterns1[i] + connectString + patterns2[j];
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Return the combinations
+            return (result);
+        }
+
+        public string[] GetAllDateTimePatterns()
+        {
+            List<String> results = new List<String>(DEFAULT_ALL_DATETIMES_SIZE);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < DateTimeFormat.allStandardFormats.Length; i++)
+            {
+                String[] strings = GetAllDateTimePatterns(DateTimeFormat.allStandardFormats[i]);
+                for (int j = 0; j < strings.Length; j++)
+                {
+                    results.Add(strings[j]);
+                }
+            }
+            return results.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        public string[] GetAllDateTimePatterns(char format)
+        {
+            Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<String[]>() != null);
+            String[] result = null;
+
+            switch (format)
+            {
+                case 'd':
+                    result = this.AllShortDatePatterns;
+                    break;
+                case 'D':
+                    result = this.AllLongDatePatterns;
+                    break;
+                case 'f':
+                    result = GetCombinedPatterns(AllLongDatePatterns, AllShortTimePatterns, " ");
+                    break;
+                case 'F':
+                case 'U':
+                    result = GetCombinedPatterns(AllLongDatePatterns, AllLongTimePatterns, " ");
+                    break;
+                case 'g':
+                    result = GetCombinedPatterns(AllShortDatePatterns, AllShortTimePatterns, " ");
+                    break;
+                case 'G':
+                    result = GetCombinedPatterns(AllShortDatePatterns, AllLongTimePatterns, " ");
+                    break;
+                case 'm':
+                case 'M':
+                    result = new String[] { MonthDayPattern };
+                    break;
+                case 'o':
+                case 'O':
+                    result = new String[] { RoundtripFormat };
+                    break;
+                case 'r':
+                case 'R':
+                    result = new String[] { rfc1123Pattern };
+                    break;
+                case 's':
+                    result = new String[] { sortableDateTimePattern };
+                    break;
+                case 't':
+                    result = this.AllShortTimePatterns;
+                    break;
+                case 'T':
+                    result = this.AllLongTimePatterns;
+                    break;
+                case 'u':
+                    result = new String[] { UniversalSortableDateTimePattern };
+                    break;
+                case 'y':
+                case 'Y':
+                    result = this.AllYearMonthPatterns;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format_BadFormatSpecifier, nameof(format));
+            }
+            return (result);
+        }
+
+
+        public String GetDayName(DayOfWeek dayofweek)
+        {
+            if ((int)dayofweek < 0 || (int)dayofweek > 6)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
+                    nameof(dayofweek), SR.Format(SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_Range,
+                    DayOfWeek.Sunday, DayOfWeek.Saturday));
+            }
+            Contract.EndContractBlock();
+
+            // Use the internal one so that we don't clone the array unnecessarily
+            return (internalGetDayOfWeekNames()[(int)dayofweek]);
+        }
+
+
+
+        public String GetAbbreviatedMonthName(int month)
+        {
+            if (month < 1 || month > 13)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
+                    nameof(month), SR.Format(SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_Range,
+                    1, 13));
+            }
+            Contract.EndContractBlock();
+            // Use the internal one so we don't clone the array unnecessarily
+            return (internalGetAbbreviatedMonthNames()[month - 1]);
+        }
+
+
+        public String GetMonthName(int month)
+        {
+            if (month < 1 || month > 13)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(
+                    nameof(month), SR.Format(SR.ArgumentOutOfRange_Range,
+                    1, 13));
+            }
+            Contract.EndContractBlock();
+            // Use the internal one so we don't clone the array unnecessarily
+            return (internalGetMonthNames()[month - 1]);
+        }
+
+        // For our "patterns" arrays we have 2 variables, a string and a string[]
+        //
+        // The string[] contains the list of patterns, EXCEPT the default may not be included.
+        // The string contains the default pattern.
+        // When we initially construct our string[], we set the string to string[0]
+        //
+        // The resulting [] can get returned to the calling app, so clone it.
+        private static string[] GetMergedPatterns(string[] patterns, string defaultPattern)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(patterns != null && patterns.Length > 0,
+                            "[DateTimeFormatInfo.GetMergedPatterns]Expected array of at least one pattern");
+            Debug.Assert(defaultPattern != null,
+                            "[DateTimeFormatInfo.GetMergedPatterns]Expected non null default string");
+
+            // If the default happens to be the first in the list just return (a cloned) copy
+            if (defaultPattern == patterns[0])
+            {
+                return (string[])patterns.Clone();
+            }
+
+            // We either need a bigger list, or the pattern from the list.
+            int i;
+            for (i = 0; i < patterns.Length; i++)
+            {
+                // Stop if we found it
+                if (defaultPattern == patterns[i])
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // Either way we're going to need a new array
+            string[] newPatterns;
+
+            // Did we find it
+            if (i < patterns.Length)
+            {
+                // Found it, output will be same size
+                newPatterns = (string[])patterns.Clone();
+
+                // Have to move [0] item to [i] so we can re-write default at [0]
+                // (remember defaultPattern == [i] so this is OK)
+                newPatterns[i] = newPatterns[0];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Not found, make room for it
+                newPatterns = new String[patterns.Length + 1];
+
+                // Copy existing array
+                Array.Copy(patterns, 0, newPatterns, 1, patterns.Length);
+            }
+
+            // Remember the default
+            newPatterns[0] = defaultPattern;
+
+            // Return the reconstructed list
+            return newPatterns;
+        }
+
+        // Needed by DateTimeFormatInfo and DateTimeFormat
+        internal const String RoundtripFormat = "yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss.fffffffK";
+        internal const String RoundtripDateTimeUnfixed = "yyyy'-'MM'-'ddTHH':'mm':'ss zzz";
+
+        // Default string isn't necessarily in our string array, so get the 
+        // merged patterns of both
+        private String[] AllYearMonthPatterns
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return GetMergedPatterns(this.UnclonedYearMonthPatterns, this.YearMonthPattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private String[] AllShortDatePatterns
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return GetMergedPatterns(this.UnclonedShortDatePatterns, this.ShortDatePattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private String[] AllShortTimePatterns
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return GetMergedPatterns(this.UnclonedShortTimePatterns, this.ShortTimePattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private String[] AllLongDatePatterns
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return GetMergedPatterns(this.UnclonedLongDatePatterns, this.LongDatePattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private String[] AllLongTimePatterns
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return GetMergedPatterns(this.UnclonedLongTimePatterns, this.LongTimePattern);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // NOTE: Clone this string array if you want to return it to user.  Otherwise, you are returning a writable cache copy.
+        // This won't include default, call AllYearMonthPatterns
+        private String[] UnclonedYearMonthPatterns
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (allYearMonthPatterns == null)
+                {
+                    Debug.Assert(Calendar.ID > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.UnclonedYearMonthPatterns] Expected Calendar.ID > 0");
+                    this.allYearMonthPatterns = _cultureData.YearMonths(this.Calendar.ID);
+                    Debug.Assert(this.allYearMonthPatterns.Length > 0,
+                        "[DateTimeFormatInfo.UnclonedYearMonthPatterns] Expected some year month patterns");
+                }
+
+                return allYearMonthPatterns;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        // NOTE: Clone this string array if you want to return it to user.  Otherwise, you are returning a writable cache copy.
+        // This won't include default, call AllShortDatePatterns
+        private String[] UnclonedShortDatePatterns
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (allShortDatePatterns == null)
+                {
+                    Debug.Assert(Calendar.ID > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.UnclonedShortDatePatterns] Expected Calendar.ID > 0");
+                    this.allShortDatePatterns = _cultureData.ShortDates(this.Calendar.ID);
+                    Debug.Assert(this.allShortDatePatterns.Length > 0,
+                        "[DateTimeFormatInfo.UnclonedShortDatePatterns] Expected some short date patterns");
+                }
+
+                return this.allShortDatePatterns;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // NOTE: Clone this string array if you want to return it to user.  Otherwise, you are returning a writable cache copy.
+        // This won't include default, call AllLongDatePatterns
+        private String[] UnclonedLongDatePatterns
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (allLongDatePatterns == null)
+                {
+                    Debug.Assert(Calendar.ID > 0, "[DateTimeFormatInfo.UnclonedLongDatePatterns] Expected Calendar.ID > 0");
+                    this.allLongDatePatterns = _cultureData.LongDates(this.Calendar.ID);
+                    Debug.Assert(this.allLongDatePatterns.Length > 0,
+                        "[DateTimeFormatInfo.UnclonedLongDatePatterns] Expected some long date patterns");
+                }
+
+                return this.allLongDatePatterns;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // NOTE: Clone this string array if you want to return it to user.  Otherwise, you are returning a writable cache copy.
+        // This won't include default, call AllShortTimePatterns
+        private String[] UnclonedShortTimePatterns
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.allShortTimePatterns == null)
+                {
+                    this.allShortTimePatterns = _cultureData.ShortTimes;
+                    Debug.Assert(this.allShortTimePatterns.Length > 0,
+                        "[DateTimeFormatInfo.UnclonedShortTimePatterns] Expected some short time patterns");
+                }
+
+                return this.allShortTimePatterns;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // NOTE: Clone this string array if you want to return it to user.  Otherwise, you are returning a writable cache copy.
+        // This won't include default, call AllLongTimePatterns
+        private String[] UnclonedLongTimePatterns
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (this.allLongTimePatterns == null)
+                {
+                    this.allLongTimePatterns = _cultureData.LongTimes;
+                    Debug.Assert(this.allLongTimePatterns.Length > 0,
+                        "[DateTimeFormatInfo.UnclonedLongTimePatterns] Expected some long time patterns");
+                }
+
+                return this.allLongTimePatterns;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static DateTimeFormatInfo ReadOnly(DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if (dtfi == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dtfi),
+                    SR.ArgumentNull_Obj);
+            }
+            Contract.EndContractBlock();
+            if (dtfi.IsReadOnly)
+            {
+                return (dtfi);
+            }
+            DateTimeFormatInfo newInfo = (DateTimeFormatInfo)(dtfi.MemberwiseClone());
+            // We can use the data member calendar in the setter, instead of the property Calendar,
+            // since the cloned copy should have the same state as the original copy.
+            newInfo.calendar = Calendar.ReadOnly(dtfi.Calendar);
+            newInfo._isReadOnly = true;
+            return (newInfo);
+        }
+
+        public bool IsReadOnly
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return (_isReadOnly);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Return the native name for the calendar in DTFI.Calendar.  The native name is referred to
+        // the culture used to create the DTFI.  E.g. in the following example, the native language is Japanese.
+        // DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi = new CultureInfo("ja-JP", false).DateTimeFormat.Calendar = new JapaneseCalendar();
+        // String nativeName = dtfi.NativeCalendarName; // Get the Japanese name for the Japanese calendar.
+        // DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi = new CultureInfo("ja-JP", false).DateTimeFormat.Calendar = new GregorianCalendar(GregorianCalendarTypes.Localized);
+        // String nativeName = dtfi.NativeCalendarName; // Get the Japanese name for the Gregorian calendar.
+        public string NativeCalendarName
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _cultureData.CalendarName(Calendar.ID);
+            }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Used by custom cultures and others to set the list of available formats. Note that none of them are
+        // explicitly used unless someone calls GetAllDateTimePatterns and subsequently uses one of the items
+        // from the list.
+        //
+        // Most of the format characters that can be used in GetAllDateTimePatterns are
+        // not really needed since they are one of the following:
+        //
+        //  r/R/s/u     locale-independent constants -- cannot be changed!
+        //  m/M/y/Y     fields with a single string in them -- that can be set through props directly
+        //  f/F/g/G/U   derived fields based on combinations of various of the below formats
+        //
+        // NOTE: No special validation is done here beyond what is done when the actual respective fields
+        // are used (what would be the point of disallowing here what we allow in the appropriate property?)
+        //
+        // WARNING: If more validation is ever done in one place, it should be done in the other.
+        //
+        public void SetAllDateTimePatterns(String[] patterns, char format)
+        {
+            if (IsReadOnly)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+
+            if (patterns == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(patterns), SR.ArgumentNull_Array);
+            }
+
+            if (patterns.Length == 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Arg_ArrayZeroError, nameof(patterns));
+            }
+
+            Contract.EndContractBlock();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < patterns.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (patterns[i] == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException("patterns[" + i + "]", SR.ArgumentNull_ArrayValue);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Remember the patterns, and use the 1st as default
+            switch (format)
+            {
+                case 'd':
+                    allShortDatePatterns = patterns;
+                    shortDatePattern = allShortDatePatterns[0];
+                    break;
+
+                case 'D':
+                    allLongDatePatterns = patterns;
+                    longDatePattern = allLongDatePatterns[0];
+                    break;
+
+                case 't':
+                    allShortTimePatterns = patterns;
+                    shortTimePattern = allShortTimePatterns[0];
+                    break;
+
+                case 'T':
+                    allLongTimePatterns = patterns;
+                    longTimePattern = allLongTimePatterns[0];
+                    break;
+
+                case 'y':
+                case 'Y':
+                    allYearMonthPatterns = patterns;
+                    yearMonthPattern = allYearMonthPatterns[0];
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format_BadFormatSpecifier, nameof(format));
+            }
+
+            // Clear the token hash table, note that even short dates could require this
+            ClearTokenHashTable();
+        }
+
+        public String[] AbbreviatedMonthGenitiveNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return ((String[])internalGetGenitiveMonthNames(true).Clone());
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_Array);
+                }
+                if (value.Length != 13)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_InvalidArrayLength, 13), nameof(value));
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                CheckNullValue(value, value.Length - 1);
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+                this.m_genitiveAbbreviatedMonthNames = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public String[] MonthGenitiveNames
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return ((String[])internalGetGenitiveMonthNames(false).Clone());
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                if (IsReadOnly)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.InvalidOperation_ReadOnly);
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value),
+                        SR.ArgumentNull_Array);
+                }
+                if (value.Length != 13)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Argument_InvalidArrayLength, 13), nameof(value));
+                }
+                Contract.EndContractBlock();
+                CheckNullValue(value, value.Length - 1);
+                genitiveMonthNames = value;
+                ClearTokenHashTable();
+            }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Positive TimeSpan Pattern
+        //
+        [NonSerialized]
+        private string _fullTimeSpanPositivePattern;
+        internal String FullTimeSpanPositivePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_fullTimeSpanPositivePattern == null)
+                {
+                    CultureData cultureDataWithoutUserOverrides;
+                    if (_cultureData.UseUserOverride)
+                        cultureDataWithoutUserOverrides = CultureData.GetCultureData(_cultureData.CultureName, false);
+                    else
+                        cultureDataWithoutUserOverrides = _cultureData;
+                    String decimalSeparator = new NumberFormatInfo(cultureDataWithoutUserOverrides).NumberDecimalSeparator;
+
+                    _fullTimeSpanPositivePattern = "d':'h':'mm':'ss'" + decimalSeparator + "'FFFFFFF";
+                }
+                return _fullTimeSpanPositivePattern;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Negative TimeSpan Pattern
+        //
+        [NonSerialized]
+        private string _fullTimeSpanNegativePattern;
+        internal String FullTimeSpanNegativePattern
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_fullTimeSpanNegativePattern == null)
+                    _fullTimeSpanNegativePattern = "'-'" + FullTimeSpanPositivePattern;
+                return _fullTimeSpanNegativePattern;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Get suitable CompareInfo from current DTFI object.
+        //
+        internal CompareInfo CompareInfo
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_compareInfo == null)
+                {
+                    // We use the regular GetCompareInfo here to make sure the created CompareInfo object is stored in the
+                    // CompareInfo cache. otherwise we would just create CompareInfo using _cultureData.
+                    _compareInfo = CompareInfo.GetCompareInfo(_cultureData.SCOMPAREINFO);
+                }
+
+                return _compareInfo;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        internal const DateTimeStyles InvalidDateTimeStyles = ~(DateTimeStyles.AllowLeadingWhite | DateTimeStyles.AllowTrailingWhite
+                                                               | DateTimeStyles.AllowInnerWhite | DateTimeStyles.NoCurrentDateDefault
+                                                               | DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal | DateTimeStyles.AssumeLocal
+                                                               | DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal | DateTimeStyles.RoundtripKind);
+
+        internal static void ValidateStyles(DateTimeStyles style, String parameterName)
+        {
+            if ((style & InvalidDateTimeStyles) != 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Argument_InvalidDateTimeStyles, parameterName);
+            }
+            if (((style & (DateTimeStyles.AssumeLocal)) != 0) && ((style & (DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal)) != 0))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Argument_ConflictingDateTimeStyles, parameterName);
+            }
+            Contract.EndContractBlock();
+            if (((style & DateTimeStyles.RoundtripKind) != 0)
+                && ((style & (DateTimeStyles.AssumeLocal | DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal | DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal)) != 0))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Argument_ConflictingDateTimeRoundtripStyles, parameterName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Actions: Return the internal flag used in formatting and parsing.
+        //  The flag can be used to indicate things like if genitive forms is used in this DTFi, or if leap year gets different month names.
+        //
+        internal DateTimeFormatFlags FormatFlags
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (formatFlags == DateTimeFormatFlags.NotInitialized)
+                {
+                    // Build the format flags from the data in this DTFI
+                    formatFlags = DateTimeFormatFlags.None;
+                    formatFlags |= (DateTimeFormatFlags)DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.GetFormatFlagGenitiveMonth(
+                        MonthNames, internalGetGenitiveMonthNames(false), AbbreviatedMonthNames, internalGetGenitiveMonthNames(true));
+                    formatFlags |= (DateTimeFormatFlags)DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.GetFormatFlagUseSpaceInMonthNames(
+                        MonthNames, internalGetGenitiveMonthNames(false), AbbreviatedMonthNames, internalGetGenitiveMonthNames(true));
+                    formatFlags |= (DateTimeFormatFlags)DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.GetFormatFlagUseSpaceInDayNames(DayNames, AbbreviatedDayNames);
+                    formatFlags |= (DateTimeFormatFlags)DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.GetFormatFlagUseHebrewCalendar((int)Calendar.ID);
+                }
+                return (formatFlags);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal Boolean HasForceTwoDigitYears
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                switch (calendar.ID)
+                {
+                    // Handle Japanese and Taiwan cases.
+                    // If is y/yy, do not get (year % 100). "y" will print
+                    // year without leading zero.  "yy" will print year with two-digit in leading zero.
+                    // If pattern is yyy/yyyy/..., print year value with two-digit in leading zero.
+                    // So year 5 is "05", and year 125 is "125".
+                    // The reason for not doing (year % 100) is for Taiwan calendar.
+                    // If year 125, then output 125 and not 25.
+                    // Note: OS uses "yyyy" for Taiwan calendar by default.
+                    case (CalendarId.JAPAN):
+                    case (CalendarId.TAIWAN):
+                        return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Returns whether the YearMonthAdjustment function has any fix-up work to do for this culture/calendar.
+        internal Boolean HasYearMonthAdjustment
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return ((FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseHebrewRule) != 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // This is a callback that the parser can make back into the DTFI to let it fiddle with special
+        // cases associated with that culture or calendar. Currently this only has special cases for
+        // the Hebrew calendar, but this could be extended to other cultures.
+        //
+        // The return value is whether the year and month are actually valid for this calendar.
+        internal Boolean YearMonthAdjustment(ref int year, ref int month, Boolean parsedMonthName)
+        {
+            if ((FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseHebrewRule) != 0)
+            {
+                // Special rules to fix up the Hebrew year/month
+
+                // When formatting, we only format up to the hundred digit of the Hebrew year, although Hebrew year is now over 5000.
+                // E.g. if the year is 5763, we only format as 763.
+                if (year < 1000)
+                {
+                    year += 5000;
+                }
+
+                // Because we need to calculate leap year, we should fall out now for an invalid year.
+                if (year < Calendar.GetYear(Calendar.MinSupportedDateTime) || year > Calendar.GetYear(Calendar.MaxSupportedDateTime))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // To handle leap months, the set of month names in the symbol table does not always correspond to the numbers.
+                // For non-leap years, month 7 (Adar Bet) is not present, so we need to make using this month invalid and
+                // shuffle the other months down.
+                if (parsedMonthName)
+                {
+                    if (!Calendar.IsLeapYear(year))
+                    {
+                        if (month >= 8)
+                        {
+                            month--;
+                        }
+                        else if (month == 7)
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // DateTimeFormatInfo tokenizer.  This is used by DateTime.Parse() to break input string into tokens.
+        //
+        [NonSerialized]
+        private TokenHashValue[] _dtfiTokenHash;
+
+        private const int TOKEN_HASH_SIZE = 199;
+        private const int SECOND_PRIME = 197;
+        private const String dateSeparatorOrTimeZoneOffset = "-";
+        private const String invariantDateSeparator = "/";
+        private const String invariantTimeSeparator = ":";
+
+        //
+        // Common Ignorable Symbols
+        //
+        internal const String IgnorablePeriod = ".";
+        internal const String IgnorableComma = ",";
+
+        //
+        // Year/Month/Day suffixes
+        //
+        internal const String CJKYearSuff = "\u5e74";
+        internal const String CJKMonthSuff = "\u6708";
+        internal const String CJKDaySuff = "\u65e5";
+
+        internal const String KoreanYearSuff = "\ub144";
+        internal const String KoreanMonthSuff = "\uc6d4";
+        internal const String KoreanDaySuff = "\uc77c";
+
+        internal const String KoreanHourSuff = "\uc2dc";
+        internal const String KoreanMinuteSuff = "\ubd84";
+        internal const String KoreanSecondSuff = "\ucd08";
+
+        internal const String CJKHourSuff = "\u6642";
+        internal const String ChineseHourSuff = "\u65f6";
+
+        internal const String CJKMinuteSuff = "\u5206";
+        internal const String CJKSecondSuff = "\u79d2";
+
+        internal const String LocalTimeMark = "T";
+
+        internal const String GMTName = "GMT";
+        internal const String ZuluName = "Z";
+
+        internal const String KoreanLangName = "ko";
+        internal const String JapaneseLangName = "ja";
+        internal const String EnglishLangName = "en";
+
+        private static volatile DateTimeFormatInfo s_jajpDTFI;
+        private static volatile DateTimeFormatInfo s_zhtwDTFI;
+
+        //
+        // Create a Japanese DTFI which uses JapaneseCalendar.  This is used to parse
+        // date string with Japanese era name correctly even when the supplied DTFI
+        // does not use Japanese calendar.
+        // The created instance is stored in global s_jajpDTFI.
+        //
+        internal static DateTimeFormatInfo GetJapaneseCalendarDTFI()
+        {
+            DateTimeFormatInfo temp = s_jajpDTFI;
+            if (temp == null)
+            {
+                temp = new CultureInfo("ja-JP", false).DateTimeFormat;
+                temp.Calendar = JapaneseCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                s_jajpDTFI = temp;
+            }
+            return (temp);
+        }
+
+        // Create a Taiwan DTFI which uses TaiwanCalendar.  This is used to parse
+        // date string with era name correctly even when the supplied DTFI
+        // does not use Taiwan calendar.
+        // The created instance is stored in global s_zhtwDTFI.
+        internal static DateTimeFormatInfo GetTaiwanCalendarDTFI()
+        {
+            DateTimeFormatInfo temp = s_zhtwDTFI;
+            if (temp == null)
+            {
+                temp = new CultureInfo("zh-TW", false).DateTimeFormat;
+                temp.Calendar = TaiwanCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                s_zhtwDTFI = temp;
+            }
+            return (temp);
+        }
+
+
+        // DTFI properties should call this when the setter are called.
+        private void ClearTokenHashTable()
+        {
+            _dtfiTokenHash = null;
+            formatFlags = DateTimeFormatFlags.NotInitialized;
+        }
+
+        internal TokenHashValue[] CreateTokenHashTable()
+        {
+            TokenHashValue[] temp = _dtfiTokenHash;
+            if (temp == null)
+            {
+                temp = new TokenHashValue[TOKEN_HASH_SIZE];
+
+                bool koreanLanguage = LanguageName.Equals(KoreanLangName);
+
+                string sep = this.TimeSeparator.Trim();
+                if (IgnorableComma != sep) InsertHash(temp, IgnorableComma, TokenType.IgnorableSymbol, 0);
+                if (IgnorablePeriod != sep) InsertHash(temp, IgnorablePeriod, TokenType.IgnorableSymbol, 0);
+
+                if (KoreanHourSuff != sep && CJKHourSuff != sep && ChineseHourSuff != sep)
+                {
+                    //
+                    // On the Macintosh, the default TimeSeparator is identical to the KoreanHourSuff, CJKHourSuff, or ChineseHourSuff for some cultures like
+                    // ja-JP and ko-KR.  In these cases having the same symbol inserted into the hash table with multiple TokenTypes causes undesirable
+                    // DateTime.Parse behavior.  For instance, the DateTimeFormatInfo.Tokenize() method might return SEP_DateOrOffset for KoreanHourSuff
+                    // instead of SEP_HourSuff.
+                    //
+                    InsertHash(temp, this.TimeSeparator, TokenType.SEP_Time, 0);
+                }
+
+                InsertHash(temp, this.AMDesignator, TokenType.SEP_Am | TokenType.Am, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, this.PMDesignator, TokenType.SEP_Pm | TokenType.Pm, 1);
+
+                // TODO: This ignores similar custom cultures
+                if (LanguageName.Equals("sq"))
+                {
+                    // Albanian allows time formats like "12:00.PD"
+                    InsertHash(temp, IgnorablePeriod + this.AMDesignator, TokenType.SEP_Am | TokenType.Am, 0);
+                    InsertHash(temp, IgnorablePeriod + this.PMDesignator, TokenType.SEP_Pm | TokenType.Pm, 1);
+                }
+
+                // CJK suffix
+                InsertHash(temp, CJKYearSuff, TokenType.SEP_YearSuff, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, KoreanYearSuff, TokenType.SEP_YearSuff, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, CJKMonthSuff, TokenType.SEP_MonthSuff, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, KoreanMonthSuff, TokenType.SEP_MonthSuff, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, CJKDaySuff, TokenType.SEP_DaySuff, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, KoreanDaySuff, TokenType.SEP_DaySuff, 0);
+
+                InsertHash(temp, CJKHourSuff, TokenType.SEP_HourSuff, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, ChineseHourSuff, TokenType.SEP_HourSuff, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, CJKMinuteSuff, TokenType.SEP_MinuteSuff, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, CJKSecondSuff, TokenType.SEP_SecondSuff, 0);
+
+                // TODO: This ignores other custom cultures that might want to do something similar
+                if (koreanLanguage)
+                {
+                    // Korean suffix
+                    InsertHash(temp, KoreanHourSuff, TokenType.SEP_HourSuff, 0);
+                    InsertHash(temp, KoreanMinuteSuff, TokenType.SEP_MinuteSuff, 0);
+                    InsertHash(temp, KoreanSecondSuff, TokenType.SEP_SecondSuff, 0);
+                }
+
+                if (LanguageName.Equals("ky"))
+                {
+                    // For some cultures, the date separator works more like a comma, being allowed before or after any date part
+                    InsertHash(temp, dateSeparatorOrTimeZoneOffset, TokenType.IgnorableSymbol, 0);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    InsertHash(temp, dateSeparatorOrTimeZoneOffset, TokenType.SEP_DateOrOffset, 0);
+                }
+
+                String[] dateWords = null;
+                DateTimeFormatInfoScanner scanner = null;
+
+                // We need to rescan the date words since we're always synthetic
+                scanner = new DateTimeFormatInfoScanner();
+                m_dateWords = dateWords = scanner.GetDateWordsOfDTFI(this);
+                // Ensure the formatflags is initialized.
+                DateTimeFormatFlags flag = FormatFlags;
+
+                // For some cultures, the date separator works more like a comma, being allowed before or after any date part.
+                // In these cultures, we do not use normal date separator since we disallow date separator after a date terminal state.
+                // This is determined in DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.  Use this flag to determine if we should treat date separator as ignorable symbol.
+                bool useDateSepAsIgnorableSymbol = false;
+
+                String monthPostfix = null;
+                if (dateWords != null)
+                {
+                    // There are DateWords.  It could be a real date word (such as "de"), or a monthPostfix.
+                    // The monthPostfix starts with '\xfffe' (MonthPostfixChar), followed by the real monthPostfix.
+                    for (int i = 0; i < dateWords.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        switch (dateWords[i][0])
+                        {
+                            // This is a month postfix
+                            case DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.MonthPostfixChar:
+                                // Get the real month postfix.
+                                monthPostfix = dateWords[i].Substring(1);
+                                // Add the month name + postfix into the token.
+                                AddMonthNames(temp, monthPostfix);
+                                break;
+                            case DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.IgnorableSymbolChar:
+                                String symbol = dateWords[i].Substring(1);
+                                InsertHash(temp, symbol, TokenType.IgnorableSymbol, 0);
+                                if (this.DateSeparator.Trim(null).Equals(symbol))
+                                {
+                                    // The date separator is the same as the ignorable symbol.
+                                    useDateSepAsIgnorableSymbol = true;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                InsertHash(temp, dateWords[i], TokenType.DateWordToken, 0);
+                                // TODO: This ignores similar custom cultures
+                                if (LanguageName.Equals("eu"))
+                                {
+                                    // Basque has date words with leading dots
+                                    InsertHash(temp, IgnorablePeriod + dateWords[i], TokenType.DateWordToken, 0);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!useDateSepAsIgnorableSymbol)
+                {
+                    // Use the normal date separator.
+                    InsertHash(temp, this.DateSeparator, TokenType.SEP_Date, 0);
+                }
+                // Add the regular month names.
+                AddMonthNames(temp, null);
+
+                // Add the abbreviated month names.
+                for (int i = 1; i <= 13; i++)
+                {
+                    InsertHash(temp, GetAbbreviatedMonthName(i), TokenType.MonthToken, i);
+                }
+
+
+                if ((FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseGenitiveMonth) != 0)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 1; i <= 13; i++)
+                    {
+                        String str;
+                        str = internalGetMonthName(i, MonthNameStyles.Genitive, false);
+                        InsertHash(temp, str, TokenType.MonthToken, i);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if ((FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseLeapYearMonth) != 0)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 1; i <= 13; i++)
+                    {
+                        String str;
+                        str = internalGetMonthName(i, MonthNameStyles.LeapYear, false);
+                        InsertHash(temp, str, TokenType.MonthToken, i);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+                {
+                    //String str = GetDayOfWeekNames()[i];
+                    // We have to call public methods here to work with inherited DTFI.
+                    String str = GetDayName((DayOfWeek)i);
+                    InsertHash(temp, str, TokenType.DayOfWeekToken, i);
+
+                    str = GetAbbreviatedDayName((DayOfWeek)i);
+                    InsertHash(temp, str, TokenType.DayOfWeekToken, i);
+                }
+
+                int[] eras = calendar.Eras;
+                for (int i = 1; i <= eras.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    InsertHash(temp, GetEraName(i), TokenType.EraToken, i);
+                    InsertHash(temp, GetAbbreviatedEraName(i), TokenType.EraToken, i);
+                }
+
+                // TODO: This ignores other cultures that might want to do something similar
+                if (LanguageName.Equals(JapaneseLangName))
+                {
+                    // Japanese allows day of week forms like: "(Tue)"
+                    for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+                    {
+                        String specialDayOfWeek = "(" + GetAbbreviatedDayName((DayOfWeek)i) + ")";
+                        InsertHash(temp, specialDayOfWeek, TokenType.DayOfWeekToken, i);
+                    }
+                    if (this.Calendar.GetType() != typeof(JapaneseCalendar))
+                    {
+                        // Special case for Japanese.  If this is a Japanese DTFI, and the calendar is not Japanese calendar,
+                        // we will check Japanese Era name as well when the calendar is Gregorian.
+                        DateTimeFormatInfo jaDtfi = GetJapaneseCalendarDTFI();
+                        for (int i = 1; i <= jaDtfi.Calendar.Eras.Length; i++)
+                        {
+                            InsertHash(temp, jaDtfi.GetEraName(i), TokenType.JapaneseEraToken, i);
+                            InsertHash(temp, jaDtfi.GetAbbreviatedEraName(i), TokenType.JapaneseEraToken, i);
+                            // m_abbrevEnglishEraNames[0] contains the name for era 1, so the token value is i+1.
+                            InsertHash(temp, jaDtfi.AbbreviatedEnglishEraNames[i - 1], TokenType.JapaneseEraToken, i);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // TODO: This prohibits similar custom cultures, but we hard coded the name
+                else if (CultureName.Equals("zh-TW"))
+                {
+                    DateTimeFormatInfo twDtfi = GetTaiwanCalendarDTFI();
+                    for (int i = 1; i <= twDtfi.Calendar.Eras.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        if (twDtfi.GetEraName(i).Length > 0)
+                        {
+                            InsertHash(temp, twDtfi.GetEraName(i), TokenType.TEraToken, i);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                InsertHash(temp, InvariantInfo.AMDesignator, TokenType.SEP_Am | TokenType.Am, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, InvariantInfo.PMDesignator, TokenType.SEP_Pm | TokenType.Pm, 1);
+
+                // Add invariant month names and day names.
+                for (int i = 1; i <= 12; i++)
+                {
+                    String str;
+                    // We have to call public methods here to work with inherited DTFI.
+                    // Insert the month name first, so that they are at the front of abbrevaited
+                    // month names.
+                    str = InvariantInfo.GetMonthName(i);
+                    InsertHash(temp, str, TokenType.MonthToken, i);
+                    str = InvariantInfo.GetAbbreviatedMonthName(i);
+                    InsertHash(temp, str, TokenType.MonthToken, i);
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+                {
+                    // We have to call public methods here to work with inherited DTFI.
+                    String str = InvariantInfo.GetDayName((DayOfWeek)i);
+                    InsertHash(temp, str, TokenType.DayOfWeekToken, i);
+
+                    str = InvariantInfo.GetAbbreviatedDayName((DayOfWeek)i);
+                    InsertHash(temp, str, TokenType.DayOfWeekToken, i);
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < AbbreviatedEnglishEraNames.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    // m_abbrevEnglishEraNames[0] contains the name for era 1, so the token value is i+1.
+                    InsertHash(temp, AbbreviatedEnglishEraNames[i], TokenType.EraToken, i + 1);
+                }
+
+                InsertHash(temp, LocalTimeMark, TokenType.SEP_LocalTimeMark, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, GMTName, TokenType.TimeZoneToken, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, ZuluName, TokenType.TimeZoneToken, 0);
+
+                InsertHash(temp, invariantDateSeparator, TokenType.SEP_Date, 0);
+                InsertHash(temp, invariantTimeSeparator, TokenType.SEP_Time, 0);
+
+                _dtfiTokenHash = temp;
+            }
+            return (temp);
+        }
+
+        private void AddMonthNames(TokenHashValue[] temp, String monthPostfix)
+        {
+            for (int i = 1; i <= 13; i++)
+            {
+                String str;
+                //str = internalGetMonthName(i, MonthNameStyles.Regular, false);
+                // We have to call public methods here to work with inherited DTFI.
+                // Insert the month name first, so that they are at the front of abbrevaited
+                // month names.
+                str = GetMonthName(i);
+                if (str.Length > 0)
+                {
+                    if (monthPostfix != null)
+                    {
+                        // Insert the month name with the postfix first, so it can be matched first.
+                        InsertHash(temp, str + monthPostfix, TokenType.MonthToken, i);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        InsertHash(temp, str, TokenType.MonthToken, i);
+                    }
+                }
+                str = GetAbbreviatedMonthName(i);
+                InsertHash(temp, str, TokenType.MonthToken, i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Actions:
+        // Try to parse the current word to see if it is a Hebrew number.
+        // Tokens will be updated accordingly.
+        // This is called by the Lexer of DateTime.Parse().
+        //
+        // Unlike most of the functions in this class, the return value indicates
+        // whether or not it started to parse. The badFormat parameter indicates
+        // if parsing began, but the format was bad.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        private static bool TryParseHebrewNumber(
+            ref __DTString str,
+            out Boolean badFormat,
+            out int number)
+        {
+            number = -1;
+            badFormat = false;
+
+            int i = str.Index;
+            if (!HebrewNumber.IsDigit(str.Value[i]))
+            {
+                // If the current character is not a Hebrew digit, just return false.
+                // There is no chance that we can parse a valid Hebrew number from here.
+                return (false);
+            }
+            // The current character is a Hebrew digit.  Try to parse this word as a Hebrew number.
+            HebrewNumberParsingContext context = new HebrewNumberParsingContext(0);
+            HebrewNumberParsingState state;
+
+            do
+            {
+                state = HebrewNumber.ParseByChar(str.Value[i++], ref context);
+                switch (state)
+                {
+                    case HebrewNumberParsingState.InvalidHebrewNumber:    // Not a valid Hebrew number.
+                    case HebrewNumberParsingState.NotHebrewDigit:         // The current character is not a Hebrew digit character.
+                        // Break out so that we don't continue to try parse this as a Hebrew number.
+                        return (false);
+                }
+            } while (i < str.Value.Length && (state != HebrewNumberParsingState.FoundEndOfHebrewNumber));
+
+            // When we are here, we are either at the end of the string, or we find a valid Hebrew number.
+            Debug.Assert(state == HebrewNumberParsingState.ContinueParsing || state == HebrewNumberParsingState.FoundEndOfHebrewNumber,
+                "Invalid returned state from HebrewNumber.ParseByChar()");
+
+            if (state != HebrewNumberParsingState.FoundEndOfHebrewNumber)
+            {
+                // We reach end of the string but we can't find a terminal state in parsing Hebrew number.
+                return (false);
+            }
+
+            // We have found a valid Hebrew number.  Update the index.
+            str.Advance(i - str.Index);
+
+            // Get the final Hebrew number value from the HebrewNumberParsingContext.
+            number = context.result;
+
+            return (true);
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsHebrewChar(char ch)
+        {
+            return (ch >= '\x0590' && ch <= '\x05ff');
+        }
+
+        internal bool Tokenize(TokenType TokenMask, out TokenType tokenType, out int tokenValue,
+                               ref __DTString str)
+        {
+            tokenType = TokenType.UnknownToken;
+            tokenValue = 0;
+
+            TokenHashValue value;
+            Debug.Assert(str.Index < str.Value.Length, "DateTimeFormatInfo.Tokenize(): start < value.Length");
+
+            char ch = str.m_current;
+            bool isLetter = Char.IsLetter(ch);
+            if (isLetter)
+            {
+                ch = this.Culture.TextInfo.ToLower(ch);
+                if (IsHebrewChar(ch) && TokenMask == TokenType.RegularTokenMask)
+                {
+                    bool badFormat;
+                    if (TryParseHebrewNumber(ref str, out badFormat, out tokenValue))
+                    {
+                        if (badFormat)
+                        {
+                            tokenType = TokenType.UnknownToken;
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                        // This is a Hebrew number.
+                        // Do nothing here.  TryParseHebrewNumber() will update token accordingly.
+                        tokenType = TokenType.HebrewNumber;
+                        return (true);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+
+            int hashcode = ch % TOKEN_HASH_SIZE;
+            int hashProbe = 1 + ch % SECOND_PRIME;
+            int remaining = str.len - str.Index;
+            int i = 0;
+
+            TokenHashValue[] hashTable = _dtfiTokenHash;
+            if (hashTable == null)
+            {
+                hashTable = CreateTokenHashTable();
+            }
+            do
+            {
+                value = hashTable[hashcode];
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    // Not found.
+                    break;
+                }
+                // Check this value has the right category (regular token or separator token) that we are looking for.
+                if (((int)value.tokenType & (int)TokenMask) > 0 && value.tokenString.Length <= remaining)
+                {
+                    bool compareStrings = true;
+                    if (isLetter)
+                    {
+                        // If this token starts with a letter, make sure that we won't allow partial match.  So you can't tokenize "MarchWed" separately.
+                        // Also an optimization to avoid string comparison
+                        int nextCharIndex = str.Index + value.tokenString.Length;
+                        if (nextCharIndex > str.len)
+                        {
+                            compareStrings = false;
+                        }
+                        else if (nextCharIndex < str.len)
+                        {
+                            // Check word boundary.  The next character should NOT be a letter.
+                            char nextCh = str.Value[nextCharIndex];
+                            compareStrings = !(Char.IsLetter(nextCh));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (compareStrings && CompareStringIgnoreCaseOptimized(str.Value, str.Index, value.tokenString.Length, value.tokenString, 0, value.tokenString.Length))
+                    {
+                        tokenType = value.tokenType & TokenMask;
+                        tokenValue = value.tokenValue;
+                        str.Advance(value.tokenString.Length);
+                        return (true);
+                    }
+                    else if ((value.tokenType == TokenType.MonthToken && HasSpacesInMonthNames) ||
+                             (value.tokenType == TokenType.DayOfWeekToken && HasSpacesInDayNames))
+                    {
+                        // For month or day token, we will match the names which have spaces.
+                        int matchStrLen = 0;
+                        if (str.MatchSpecifiedWords(value.tokenString, true, ref matchStrLen))
+                        {
+                            tokenType = value.tokenType & TokenMask;
+                            tokenValue = value.tokenValue;
+                            str.Advance(matchStrLen);
+                            return (true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                i++;
+                hashcode += hashProbe;
+                if (hashcode >= TOKEN_HASH_SIZE) hashcode -= TOKEN_HASH_SIZE;
+            } while (i < TOKEN_HASH_SIZE);
+
+            return (false);
+        }
+
+        private void InsertAtCurrentHashNode(TokenHashValue[] hashTable, String str, char ch, TokenType tokenType, int tokenValue, int pos, int hashcode, int hashProbe)
+        {
+            // Remember the current slot.
+            TokenHashValue previousNode = hashTable[hashcode];
+
+            //// Console.WriteLine("   Insert Key: {0} in {1}", str, slotToInsert);
+            // Insert the new node into the current slot.
+            hashTable[hashcode] = new TokenHashValue(str, tokenType, tokenValue); ;
+
+            while (++pos < TOKEN_HASH_SIZE)
+            {
+                hashcode += hashProbe;
+                if (hashcode >= TOKEN_HASH_SIZE) hashcode -= TOKEN_HASH_SIZE;
+                // Remember this slot
+                TokenHashValue temp = hashTable[hashcode];
+
+                if (temp != null && this.Culture.TextInfo.ToLower(temp.tokenString[0]) != ch)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // Put the previous slot into this slot.
+                hashTable[hashcode] = previousNode;
+                //// Console.WriteLine("  Move {0} to slot {1}", previousNode.tokenString, hashcode);
+                if (temp == null)
+                {
+                    // Done
+                    return;
+                }
+                previousNode = temp;
+            };
+            Debug.Assert(false, "The hashtable is full.  This should not happen.");
+        }
+
+        private void InsertHash(TokenHashValue[] hashTable, String str, TokenType tokenType, int tokenValue)
+        {
+            // The month of the 13th month is allowed to be null, so make sure that we ignore null value here.
+            if (str == null || str.Length == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            TokenHashValue value;
+            int i = 0;
+            // If there is whitespace characters in the beginning and end of the string, trim them since whitespaces are skipped by
+            // DateTime.Parse().
+            if (Char.IsWhiteSpace(str[0]) || Char.IsWhiteSpace(str[str.Length - 1]))
+            {
+                str = str.Trim(null);   // Trim white space characters.
+                // Could have space for separators
+                if (str.Length == 0)
+                    return;
+            }
+            char ch = this.Culture.TextInfo.ToLower(str[0]);
+            int hashcode = ch % TOKEN_HASH_SIZE;
+            int hashProbe = 1 + ch % SECOND_PRIME;
+            do
+            {
+                value = hashTable[hashcode];
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    //// Console.WriteLine("   Put Key: {0} in {1}", str, hashcode);
+                    hashTable[hashcode] = new TokenHashValue(str, tokenType, tokenValue);
+                    return;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Collision happens. Find another slot.
+                    if (str.Length >= value.tokenString.Length)
+                    {
+                        // If there are two tokens with the same prefix, we have to make sure that the longer token should be at the front of
+                        // the shorter ones.
+                        if (this.CompareStringIgnoreCaseOptimized(str, 0, value.tokenString.Length, value.tokenString, 0, value.tokenString.Length))
+                        {
+                            if (str.Length > value.tokenString.Length)
+                            {
+                                // The str to be inserted has the same prefix as the current token, and str is longer.
+                                // Insert str into this node, and shift every node behind it.
+                                InsertAtCurrentHashNode(hashTable, str, ch, tokenType, tokenValue, i, hashcode, hashProbe);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                // Same token.  If they have different types (regular token vs separator token).  Add them.
+                                // If we have the same regular token or separator token in the hash already, do NOT update the hash.
+                                // Therefore, the order of inserting token is significant here regarding what tokenType will be kept in the hash.
+
+
+                                //
+                                // Check the current value of RegularToken (stored in the lower 8-bit of tokenType) , and insert the tokenType into the hash ONLY when we don't have a RegularToken yet.
+                                // Also check the current value of SeparatorToken (stored in the upper 8-bit of token), and insert the tokenType into the hash ONLY when we don't have the SeparatorToken yet.
+                                //
+
+                                int nTokenType = (int)tokenType;
+                                int nCurrentTokenTypeInHash = (int)value.tokenType;
+
+                                //
+                                // The folowing is the fix for the issue of throwing FormatException when "mar" is passed in string of the short date format dd/MMM/yyyy for es-MX
+                                //
+
+                                if (((nCurrentTokenTypeInHash & (int)TokenType.RegularTokenMask) == 0) && ((nTokenType & (int)TokenType.RegularTokenMask) != 0) ||
+                                    ((nCurrentTokenTypeInHash & (int)TokenType.SeparatorTokenMask) == 0) && ((nTokenType & (int)TokenType.SeparatorTokenMask) != 0))
+                                {
+                                    value.tokenType |= tokenType;
+                                    if (tokenValue != 0)
+                                    {
+                                        value.tokenValue = tokenValue;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                // The token to be inserted is already in the table.  Skip it.
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                //// Console.WriteLine("  COLLISION. Old Key: {0}, New Key: {1}", hashTable[hashcode].tokenString, str);
+                i++;
+                hashcode += hashProbe;
+                if (hashcode >= TOKEN_HASH_SIZE) hashcode -= TOKEN_HASH_SIZE;
+            } while (i < TOKEN_HASH_SIZE);
+            Debug.Assert(false, "The hashtable is full.  This should not happen.");
+        }
+
+        private bool CompareStringIgnoreCaseOptimized(string string1, int offset1, int length1, string string2, int offset2, int length2)
+        {
+            // Optimize for one character cases which are common due to date and time separators (/ and :)
+            if (length1 == 1 && length2 == 1 && string1[offset1] == string2[offset2])
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return (this.Culture.CompareInfo.Compare(string1, offset1, length1, string2, offset2, length2, CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) == 0);
+        }
+
+        // class DateTimeFormatInfo
+
+        internal class TokenHashValue
+        {
+            internal String tokenString;
+            internal TokenType tokenType;
+            internal int tokenValue;
+
+            internal TokenHashValue(String tokenString, TokenType tokenType, int tokenValue)
+            {
+                this.tokenString = tokenString;
+                this.tokenType = tokenType;
+                this.tokenValue = tokenValue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.cs b/src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeFormatInfoScanner.cs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..ddf7d7e
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,742 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// DateTimeFormatInfoScanner
+//
+//  Scan a specified DateTimeFormatInfo to search for data used in DateTime.Parse()
+//
+//  The data includes:
+//
+//      DateWords: such as "de" used in es-ES (Spanish) LongDatePattern.
+//      Postfix: such as "ta" used in fi-FI after the month name.
+//
+//  This class is shared among mscorlib.dll and sysglobl.dll.
+//  Use conditional CULTURE_AND_REGIONINFO_BUILDER_ONLY to differentiate between
+//  methods for mscorlib.dll and sysglobl.dll.
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace System.Globalization
+{
+
+#if CORECLR
+    using StringStringDictionary = Dictionary<string, string>;
+    using StringList = List<string>;
+#else
+    using StringStringDictionary = LowLevelDictionary<string, string>;
+    using StringList = LowLevelList<string>;
+#endif
+
+    //
+    // from LocaleEx.txt header
+    //
+    //; IFORMATFLAGS
+    //;       Parsing/formatting flags.
+    internal enum FORMATFLAGS
+    {
+        None = 0x00000000,
+        UseGenitiveMonth = 0x00000001,
+        UseLeapYearMonth = 0x00000002,
+        UseSpacesInMonthNames = 0x00000004,
+        UseHebrewParsing = 0x00000008,
+        UseSpacesInDayNames = 0x00000010,   // Has spaces or non-breaking space in the day names.
+        UseDigitPrefixInTokens = 0x00000020,   // Has token starting with numbers.        
+    }
+
+    internal enum CalendarId : ushort
+    {
+        UNINITIALIZED_VALUE = 0,
+        GREGORIAN = 1,     // Gregorian (localized) calendar
+        GREGORIAN_US = 2,     // Gregorian (U.S.) calendar
+        JAPAN = 3,     // Japanese Emperor Era calendar
+                       /* SSS_WARNINGS_OFF */
+        TAIWAN = 4,     // Taiwan Era calendar /* SSS_WARNINGS_ON */ 
+        KOREA = 5,     // Korean Tangun Era calendar
+        HIJRI = 6,     // Hijri (Arabic Lunar) calendar
+        THAI = 7,     // Thai calendar
+        HEBREW = 8,     // Hebrew (Lunar) calendar
+        GREGORIAN_ME_FRENCH = 9,     // Gregorian Middle East French calendar
+        GREGORIAN_ARABIC = 10,     // Gregorian Arabic calendar
+        GREGORIAN_XLIT_ENGLISH = 11,     // Gregorian Transliterated English calendar
+        GREGORIAN_XLIT_FRENCH = 12,
+        // Note that all calendars after this point are MANAGED ONLY for now.
+        JULIAN = 13,
+        JAPANESELUNISOLAR = 14,
+        CHINESELUNISOLAR = 15,
+        SAKA = 16,     // reserved to match Office but not implemented in our code
+        LUNAR_ETO_CHN = 17,     // reserved to match Office but not implemented in our code
+        LUNAR_ETO_KOR = 18,     // reserved to match Office but not implemented in our code
+        LUNAR_ETO_ROKUYOU = 19,     // reserved to match Office but not implemented in our code
+        KOREANLUNISOLAR = 20,
+        TAIWANLUNISOLAR = 21,
+        PERSIAN = 22,
+        UMALQURA = 23,
+        LAST_CALENDAR = 23      // Last calendar ID
+    }
+
+    internal class DateTimeFormatInfoScanner
+    {
+        // Special prefix-like flag char in DateWord array.
+
+        // Use char in PUA area since we won't be using them in real data.
+        // The char used to tell a read date word or a month postfix.  A month postfix
+        // is "ta" in the long date pattern like "d. MMMM'ta 'yyyy" for fi-FI.
+        // In this case, it will be stored as "\xfffeta" in the date word array.
+        internal const char MonthPostfixChar = '\xe000';
+
+        // Add ignorable symbol in a DateWord array.
+
+        // hu-HU has:
+        //      shrot date pattern: yyyy. MM. dd.;yyyy-MM-dd;yy-MM-dd
+        //      long date pattern: yyyy. MMMM d.
+        // Here, "." is the date separator (derived from short date pattern). However,
+        // "." also appear at the end of long date pattern.  In this case, we just
+        // "." as ignorable symbol so that the DateTime.Parse() state machine will not
+        // treat the additional date separator at the end of y,m,d pattern as an error
+        // condition.
+        internal const char IgnorableSymbolChar = '\xe001';
+
+        // Known CJK suffix
+        internal const String CJKYearSuff = "\u5e74";
+        internal const String CJKMonthSuff = "\u6708";
+        internal const String CJKDaySuff = "\u65e5";
+
+        internal const String KoreanYearSuff = "\ub144";
+        internal const String KoreanMonthSuff = "\uc6d4";
+        internal const String KoreanDaySuff = "\uc77c";
+
+        internal const String KoreanHourSuff = "\uc2dc";
+        internal const String KoreanMinuteSuff = "\ubd84";
+        internal const String KoreanSecondSuff = "\ucd08";
+
+        internal const String CJKHourSuff = "\u6642";
+        internal const String ChineseHourSuff = "\u65f6";
+
+        internal const String CJKMinuteSuff = "\u5206";
+        internal const String CJKSecondSuff = "\u79d2";
+
+        // The collection fo date words & postfix.
+        internal StringList m_dateWords = new StringList();
+        // Hashtable for the known words.
+        private static volatile StringStringDictionary s_knownWords;
+
+        static StringStringDictionary KnownWords
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (s_knownWords == null)
+                {
+                    StringStringDictionary temp = new StringStringDictionary();
+                    // Add known words into the hash table.
+
+                    // Skip these special symbols.                        
+                    temp.Add("/", String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add("-", String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(".", String.Empty);
+                    // Skip known CJK suffixes.
+                    temp.Add(CJKYearSuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(CJKMonthSuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(CJKDaySuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(KoreanYearSuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(KoreanMonthSuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(KoreanDaySuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(KoreanHourSuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(KoreanMinuteSuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(KoreanSecondSuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(CJKHourSuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(ChineseHourSuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(CJKMinuteSuff, String.Empty);
+                    temp.Add(CJKSecondSuff, String.Empty);
+
+                    s_knownWords = temp;
+                }
+                return (s_knownWords);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        //  Parameters:
+        //      pattern: The pattern to be scanned.
+        //      currentIndex: the current index to start the scan.
+        //
+        //  Returns:
+        //      Return the index with the first character that is a letter, which will
+        //      be the start of a date word.
+        //      Note that the index can be pattern.Length if we reach the end of the string.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        internal static int SkipWhiteSpacesAndNonLetter(String pattern, int currentIndex)
+        {
+            while (currentIndex < pattern.Length)
+            {
+                char ch = pattern[currentIndex];
+                if (ch == '\\')
+                {
+                    // Escaped character. Look ahead one character.
+                    currentIndex++;
+                    if (currentIndex < pattern.Length)
+                    {
+                        ch = pattern[currentIndex];
+                        if (ch == '\'')
+                        {
+                            // Skip the leading single quote.  We will
+                            // stop at the first letter.
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        // Fall thru to check if this is a letter.
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // End of string
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (Char.IsLetter(ch) || ch == '\'' || ch == '.')
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                // Skip the current char since it is not a letter.
+                currentIndex++;
+            }
+            return (currentIndex);
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // A helper to add the found date word or month postfix into ArrayList for date words.
+        //
+        // Parameters:
+        //      formatPostfix: What kind of postfix this is.  
+        //          Possible values:
+        //              null: This is a regular date word
+        //              "MMMM": month postfix
+        //      word: The date word or postfix to be added.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        internal void AddDateWordOrPostfix(String formatPostfix, String str)
+        {
+            if (str.Length > 0)
+            {
+                // Some cultures use . like an abbreviation
+                if (str.Equals("."))
+                {
+                    AddIgnorableSymbols(".");
+                    return;
+                }
+                String words;
+                if (KnownWords.TryGetValue(str, out words) == false)
+                {
+                    if (m_dateWords == null)
+                    {
+                        m_dateWords = new StringList();
+                    }
+                    if (formatPostfix == "MMMM")
+                    {
+                        // Add the word into the ArrayList as "\xfffe" + real month postfix.
+                        String temp = MonthPostfixChar + str;
+                        if (!m_dateWords.Contains(temp))
+                        {
+                            m_dateWords.Add(temp);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (!m_dateWords.Contains(str))
+                        {
+                            m_dateWords.Add(str);
+                        }
+                        if (str[str.Length - 1] == '.')
+                        {
+                            // Old version ignore the trialing dot in the date words. Support this as well.
+                            String strWithoutDot = str.Substring(0, str.Length - 1);
+                            if (!m_dateWords.Contains(strWithoutDot))
+                            {
+                                m_dateWords.Add(strWithoutDot);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Scan the pattern from the specified index and add the date word/postfix
+        // when appropriate.
+        //
+        //  Parameters:
+        //      pattern: The pattern to be scanned.
+        //      index: The starting index to be scanned.
+        //      formatPostfix: The kind of postfix to be scanned.
+        //          Possible values:
+        //              null: This is a regular date word
+        //              "MMMM": month postfix
+        //          
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        internal int AddDateWords(String pattern, int index, String formatPostfix)
+        {
+            // Skip any whitespaces so we will start from a letter.
+            int newIndex = SkipWhiteSpacesAndNonLetter(pattern, index);
+            if (newIndex != index && formatPostfix != null)
+            {
+                // There are whitespaces. This will not be a postfix.
+                formatPostfix = null;
+            }
+            index = newIndex;
+
+            // This is the first char added into dateWord.  
+            // Skip all non-letter character.  We will add the first letter into DateWord.
+            StringBuilder dateWord = new StringBuilder();
+            // We assume that date words should start with a letter. 
+            // Skip anything until we see a letter.
+
+            while (index < pattern.Length)
+            {
+                char ch = pattern[index];
+                if (ch == '\'')
+                {
+                    // We have seen the end of quote.  Add the word if we do not see it before, 
+                    // and break the while loop.                    
+                    AddDateWordOrPostfix(formatPostfix, dateWord.ToString());
+                    index++;
+                    break;
+                }
+                else if (ch == '\\')
+                {
+                    //
+                    // Escaped character.  Look ahead one character
+                    //
+
+                    // Skip escaped backslash.
+                    index++;
+                    if (index < pattern.Length)
+                    {
+                        dateWord.Append(pattern[index]);
+                        index++;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (Char.IsWhiteSpace(ch))
+                {
+                    // Found a whitespace.  We have to add the current date word/postfix.
+                    AddDateWordOrPostfix(formatPostfix, dateWord.ToString());
+                    if (formatPostfix != null)
+                    {
+                        // Done with postfix.  The rest will be regular date word.
+                        formatPostfix = null;
+                    }
+                    // Reset the dateWord.
+                    dateWord.Length = 0;
+                    index++;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    dateWord.Append(ch);
+                    index++;
+                }
+            }
+            return (index);
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // A simple helper to find the repeat count for a specified char.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        internal static int ScanRepeatChar(String pattern, char ch, int index, out int count)
+        {
+            count = 1;
+            while (++index < pattern.Length && pattern[index] == ch)
+            {
+                count++;
+            }
+            // Return the updated position.
+            return (index);
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Add the text that is a date separator but is treated like ignroable symbol.
+        // E.g.
+        // hu-HU has:
+        //      shrot date pattern: yyyy. MM. dd.;yyyy-MM-dd;yy-MM-dd
+        //      long date pattern: yyyy. MMMM d.
+        // Here, "." is the date separator (derived from short date pattern). However,
+        // "." also appear at the end of long date pattern.  In this case, we just
+        // "." as ignorable symbol so that the DateTime.Parse() state machine will not
+        // treat the additional date separator at the end of y,m,d pattern as an error
+        // condition.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        internal void AddIgnorableSymbols(String text)
+        {
+            if (m_dateWords == null)
+            {
+                // Create the date word array.
+                m_dateWords = new StringList();
+            }
+            // Add the ignorable symbol into the ArrayList.
+            String temp = IgnorableSymbolChar + text;
+            if (!m_dateWords.Contains(temp))
+            {
+                m_dateWords.Add(temp);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        //
+        // Flag used to trace the date patterns (yy/yyyyy/M/MM/MMM/MMM/d/dd) that we have seen.
+        //
+        private enum FoundDatePattern
+        {
+            None = 0x0000,
+            FoundYearPatternFlag = 0x0001,
+            FoundMonthPatternFlag = 0x0002,
+            FoundDayPatternFlag = 0x0004,
+            FoundYMDPatternFlag = 0x0007, // FoundYearPatternFlag | FoundMonthPatternFlag | FoundDayPatternFlag;
+        }
+
+        // Check if we have found all of the year/month/day pattern.
+        private FoundDatePattern _ymdFlags = FoundDatePattern.None;
+
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Given a date format pattern, scan for date word or postfix.
+        //
+        // A date word should be always put in a single quoted string.  And it will
+        // start from a letter, so whitespace and symbols will be ignored before
+        // the first letter.
+        //
+        // Examples of date word:
+        //  'de' in es-SP: dddd, dd' de 'MMMM' de 'yyyy
+        //  "\x0443." in bg-BG: dd.M.yyyy '\x0433.'
+        //
+        // Example of postfix:
+        //  month postfix: 
+        //      "ta" in fi-FI: d. MMMM'ta 'yyyy
+        //  Currently, only month postfix is supported.
+        //
+        // Usage:
+        //  Always call this with Framework-style pattern, instead of Windows style pattern.
+        //  Windows style pattern uses '' for single quote, while .NET uses \'
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////        
+        internal void ScanDateWord(String pattern)
+        {
+            // Check if we have found all of the year/month/day pattern.
+            _ymdFlags = FoundDatePattern.None;
+
+            int i = 0;
+            while (i < pattern.Length)
+            {
+                char ch = pattern[i];
+                int chCount;
+
+                switch (ch)
+                {
+                    case '\'':
+                        // Find a beginning quote.  Search until the end quote.
+                        i = AddDateWords(pattern, i + 1, null);
+                        break;
+                    case 'M':
+                        i = ScanRepeatChar(pattern, 'M', i, out chCount);
+                        if (chCount >= 4)
+                        {
+                            if (i < pattern.Length && pattern[i] == '\'')
+                            {
+                                i = AddDateWords(pattern, i + 1, "MMMM");
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ymdFlags |= FoundDatePattern.FoundMonthPatternFlag;
+                        break;
+                    case 'y':
+                        i = ScanRepeatChar(pattern, 'y', i, out chCount);
+                        _ymdFlags |= FoundDatePattern.FoundYearPatternFlag;
+                        break;
+                    case 'd':
+                        i = ScanRepeatChar(pattern, 'd', i, out chCount);
+                        if (chCount <= 2)
+                        {
+                            // Only count "d" & "dd".
+                            // ddd, dddd are day names.  Do not count them.
+                            _ymdFlags |= FoundDatePattern.FoundDayPatternFlag;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case '\\':
+                        // Found a escaped char not in a quoted string.  Skip the current backslash
+                        // and its next character.
+                        i += 2;
+                        break;
+                    case '.':
+                        if (_ymdFlags == FoundDatePattern.FoundYMDPatternFlag)
+                        {
+                            // If we find a dot immediately after the we have seen all of the y, m, d pattern.
+                            // treat it as a ignroable symbol.  Check for comments in AddIgnorableSymbols for
+                            // more details.
+                            AddIgnorableSymbols(".");
+                            _ymdFlags = FoundDatePattern.None;
+                        }
+                        i++;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        if (_ymdFlags == FoundDatePattern.FoundYMDPatternFlag && !Char.IsWhiteSpace(ch))
+                        {
+                            // We are not seeing "." after YMD. Clear the flag.
+                            _ymdFlags = FoundDatePattern.None;
+                        }
+                        // We are not in quote.  Skip the current character.
+                        i++;
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Given a DTFI, get all of the date words from date patterns and time patterns.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        internal String[] GetDateWordsOfDTFI(DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            // Enumarate all LongDatePatterns, and get the DateWords and scan for month postfix.
+            String[] datePatterns = dtfi.GetAllDateTimePatterns('D');
+            int i;
+
+            // Scan the long date patterns
+            for (i = 0; i < datePatterns.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ScanDateWord(datePatterns[i]);
+            }
+
+            // Scan the short date patterns
+            datePatterns = dtfi.GetAllDateTimePatterns('d');
+            for (i = 0; i < datePatterns.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ScanDateWord(datePatterns[i]);
+            }
+            // Scan the YearMonth patterns.
+            datePatterns = dtfi.GetAllDateTimePatterns('y');
+            for (i = 0; i < datePatterns.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ScanDateWord(datePatterns[i]);
+            }
+
+            // Scan the month/day pattern
+            ScanDateWord(dtfi.MonthDayPattern);
+
+            // Scan the long time patterns.
+            datePatterns = dtfi.GetAllDateTimePatterns('T');
+            for (i = 0; i < datePatterns.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ScanDateWord(datePatterns[i]);
+            }
+
+            // Scan the short time patterns.
+            datePatterns = dtfi.GetAllDateTimePatterns('t');
+            for (i = 0; i < datePatterns.Length; i++)
+            {
+                ScanDateWord(datePatterns[i]);
+            }
+
+            String[] result = null;
+            if (m_dateWords != null && m_dateWords.Count > 0)
+            {
+                result = new String[m_dateWords.Count];
+                for (i = 0; i < m_dateWords.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    result[i] = m_dateWords[i];
+                }
+            }
+            return (result);
+        }
+
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////        
+        //
+        // Scan the month names to see if genitive month names are used, and return
+        // the format flag.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////        
+        internal static FORMATFLAGS GetFormatFlagGenitiveMonth(String[] monthNames, String[] genitveMonthNames, String[] abbrevMonthNames, String[] genetiveAbbrevMonthNames)
+        {
+            // If we have different names in regular and genitive month names, use genitive month flag.
+            return ((!EqualStringArrays(monthNames, genitveMonthNames) || !EqualStringArrays(abbrevMonthNames, genetiveAbbrevMonthNames))
+                ? FORMATFLAGS.UseGenitiveMonth : 0);
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////        
+        //
+        // Scan the month names to see if spaces are used or start with a digit, and return the format flag
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////        
+        internal static FORMATFLAGS GetFormatFlagUseSpaceInMonthNames(String[] monthNames, String[] genitveMonthNames, String[] abbrevMonthNames, String[] genetiveAbbrevMonthNames)
+        {
+            FORMATFLAGS formatFlags = 0;
+            formatFlags |= (ArrayElementsBeginWithDigit(monthNames) ||
+                    ArrayElementsBeginWithDigit(genitveMonthNames) ||
+                    ArrayElementsBeginWithDigit(abbrevMonthNames) ||
+                    ArrayElementsBeginWithDigit(genetiveAbbrevMonthNames)
+                    ? FORMATFLAGS.UseDigitPrefixInTokens : 0);
+
+            formatFlags |= (ArrayElementsHaveSpace(monthNames) ||
+                    ArrayElementsHaveSpace(genitveMonthNames) ||
+                    ArrayElementsHaveSpace(abbrevMonthNames) ||
+                    ArrayElementsHaveSpace(genetiveAbbrevMonthNames)
+                    ? FORMATFLAGS.UseSpacesInMonthNames : 0);
+            return (formatFlags);
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////        
+        //
+        // Scan the day names and set the correct format flag.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////        
+        internal static FORMATFLAGS GetFormatFlagUseSpaceInDayNames(String[] dayNames, String[] abbrevDayNames)
+        {
+            return ((ArrayElementsHaveSpace(dayNames) ||
+                    ArrayElementsHaveSpace(abbrevDayNames))
+                    ? FORMATFLAGS.UseSpacesInDayNames : 0);
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////        
+        //
+        // Check the calendar to see if it is HebrewCalendar and set the Hebrew format flag if necessary.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////                
+        internal static FORMATFLAGS GetFormatFlagUseHebrewCalendar(int calID)
+        {
+            return (calID == (int)CalendarId.HEBREW ?
+                FORMATFLAGS.UseHebrewParsing | FORMATFLAGS.UseLeapYearMonth : 0);
+        }
+
+
+        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // EqualStringArrays 
+        //      compares two string arrays and return true if all elements of the first  
+        //      array equals to all elmentsof the second array. 
+        //      otherwise it returns false.
+        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        private static bool EqualStringArrays(string[] array1, string[] array2)
+        {
+            // Shortcut if they're the same array
+            if (array1 == array2)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // This is effectively impossible
+            if (array1.Length != array2.Length)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Check each string 
+            for (int i = 0; i < array1.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (!array1[i].Equals(array2[i]))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // ArrayElementsHaveSpace 
+        //      It checks all input array elements if any of them has space character
+        //      returns true if found space character in one of the array elements.
+        //      otherwise returns false.
+        //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+        private static bool ArrayElementsHaveSpace(string[] array)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
+            {
+                // it is faster to check for space character manually instead of calling IndexOf
+                // so we don't have to go to native code side.
+                for (int j = 0; j < array[i].Length; j++)
+                {
+                    if (Char.IsWhiteSpace(array[i][j]))
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////        
+        //
+        // Check if any element of the array start with a digit.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////        
+        private static bool ArrayElementsBeginWithDigit(string[] array)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
+            {
+                // it is faster to check for space character manually instead of calling IndexOf
+                // so we don't have to go to native code side.
+                if (array[i].Length > 0 &&
+                   array[i][0] >= '0' && array[i][0] <= '9')
+                {
+                    int index = 1;
+                    while (index < array[i].Length && array[i][index] >= '0' && array[i][index] <= '9')
+                    {
+                        // Skip other digits.
+                        index++;
+                    }
+                    if (index == array[i].Length)
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+
+                    if (index == array[i].Length - 1)
+                    {
+                        // Skip known CJK month suffix.
+                        // CJK uses month name like "1\x6708", since \x6708 is a known month suffix,
+                        // we don't need the UseDigitPrefixInTokens since it is slower.
+                        switch (array[i][index])
+                        {
+                            case '\x6708': // CJKMonthSuff
+                            case '\xc6d4': // KoreanMonthSuff
+                                return (false);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (index == array[i].Length - 4)
+                    {
+                        // Skip known CJK month suffix.
+                        // Starting with Windows 8, the CJK months for some cultures looks like: "1' \x6708'" 
+                        // instead of just "1\x6708"
+                        if (array[i][index] == '\'' && array[i][index + 1] == ' ' &&
+                           array[i][index + 2] == '\x6708' && array[i][index + 3] == '\'')
+                        {
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return (true);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeParse.cs b/src/coreclr/src/mscorlib/shared/System/Globalization/DateTimeParse.cs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..857ffc6
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,5691 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//
+//  Purpose:  This class is called by DateTime to parse a date/time string.
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace System
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Text;
+    using System.Globalization;
+    using System.Threading;
+    using System.Collections;
+    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+    using System.Runtime.Versioning;
+    using System.Security;
+    using System.Diagnostics;
+    using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    //This class contains only static members
+
+    internal static
+    class DateTimeParse
+    {
+        internal const Int32 MaxDateTimeNumberDigits = 8;
+
+        internal delegate bool MatchNumberDelegate(ref __DTString str, int digitLen, out int result);
+
+        internal static MatchNumberDelegate m_hebrewNumberParser = new MatchNumberDelegate(DateTimeParse.MatchHebrewDigits);
+
+        internal static DateTime ParseExact(String s, String format, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles style)
+        {
+            DateTimeResult result = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            result.Init();
+            if (TryParseExact(s, format, dtfi, style, ref result))
+            {
+                return result.parsedDate;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw GetDateTimeParseException(ref result);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static DateTime ParseExact(String s, String format, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles style, out TimeSpan offset)
+        {
+            DateTimeResult result = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            offset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+            result.Init();
+            result.flags |= ParseFlags.CaptureOffset;
+            if (TryParseExact(s, format, dtfi, style, ref result))
+            {
+                offset = result.timeZoneOffset;
+                return result.parsedDate;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw GetDateTimeParseException(ref result);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static bool TryParseExact(String s, String format, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles style, out DateTime result)
+        {
+            result = DateTime.MinValue;
+            DateTimeResult resultData = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            resultData.Init();
+            if (TryParseExact(s, format, dtfi, style, ref resultData))
+            {
+                result = resultData.parsedDate;
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        internal static bool TryParseExact(String s, String format, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles style, out DateTime result, out TimeSpan offset)
+        {
+            result = DateTime.MinValue;
+            offset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+            DateTimeResult resultData = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            resultData.Init();
+            resultData.flags |= ParseFlags.CaptureOffset;
+            if (TryParseExact(s, format, dtfi, style, ref resultData))
+            {
+                result = resultData.parsedDate;
+                offset = resultData.timeZoneOffset;
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        internal static bool TryParseExact(String s, String format, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles style, ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            if (s == null)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.ArgumentNull, "ArgumentNull_String", null, nameof(s));
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (format == null)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.ArgumentNull, "ArgumentNull_String", null, nameof(format));
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (s.Length == 0)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (format.Length == 0)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadFormatSpecifier", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Debug.Assert(dtfi != null, "dtfi == null");
+
+            return DoStrictParse(s, format, style, dtfi, ref result);
+        }
+
+        internal static DateTime ParseExactMultiple(String s, String[] formats,
+                                                DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles style)
+        {
+            DateTimeResult result = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            result.Init();
+            if (TryParseExactMultiple(s, formats, dtfi, style, ref result))
+            {
+                return result.parsedDate;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw GetDateTimeParseException(ref result);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        internal static DateTime ParseExactMultiple(String s, String[] formats,
+                                                DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles style, out TimeSpan offset)
+        {
+            DateTimeResult result = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            offset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+            result.Init();
+            result.flags |= ParseFlags.CaptureOffset;
+            if (TryParseExactMultiple(s, formats, dtfi, style, ref result))
+            {
+                offset = result.timeZoneOffset;
+                return result.parsedDate;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw GetDateTimeParseException(ref result);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static bool TryParseExactMultiple(String s, String[] formats,
+                                                   DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles style, out DateTime result, out TimeSpan offset)
+        {
+            result = DateTime.MinValue;
+            offset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+            DateTimeResult resultData = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            resultData.Init();
+            resultData.flags |= ParseFlags.CaptureOffset;
+            if (TryParseExactMultiple(s, formats, dtfi, style, ref resultData))
+            {
+                result = resultData.parsedDate;
+                offset = resultData.timeZoneOffset;
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+
+        internal static bool TryParseExactMultiple(String s, String[] formats,
+                                                   DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles style, out DateTime result)
+        {
+            result = DateTime.MinValue;
+            DateTimeResult resultData = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            resultData.Init();
+            if (TryParseExactMultiple(s, formats, dtfi, style, ref resultData))
+            {
+                result = resultData.parsedDate;
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        internal static bool TryParseExactMultiple(String s, String[] formats,
+                                                DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles style, ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            if (s == null)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.ArgumentNull, "ArgumentNull_String", null, nameof(s));
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (formats == null)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.ArgumentNull, "ArgumentNull_String", null, nameof(formats));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (s.Length == 0)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (formats.Length == 0)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadFormatSpecifier", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Debug.Assert(dtfi != null, "dtfi == null");
+
+            //
+            // Do a loop through the provided formats and see if we can parse succesfully in
+            // one of the formats.
+            //
+            for (int i = 0; i < formats.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (formats[i] == null || formats[i].Length == 0)
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadFormatSpecifier", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // Create a new result each time to ensure the runs are independent. Carry through
+                // flags from the caller and return the result.
+                DateTimeResult innerResult = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+                innerResult.Init();
+                innerResult.flags = result.flags;
+                if (TryParseExact(s, formats[i], dtfi, style, ref innerResult))
+                {
+                    result.parsedDate = innerResult.parsedDate;
+                    result.timeZoneOffset = innerResult.timeZoneOffset;
+                    return (true);
+                }
+            }
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return (false);
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Date Token Types
+        //
+        // Following is the set of tokens that can be generated from a date
+        // string. Notice that the legal set of trailing separators have been
+        // folded in with the date number, and month name tokens. This set
+        // of tokens is chosen to reduce the number of date parse states.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        internal enum DTT : int
+        {
+            End = 0,    // '\0'
+            NumEnd = 1,    // Num[ ]*[\0]
+            NumAmpm = 2,    // Num[ ]+AmPm
+            NumSpace = 3,    // Num[ ]+^[Dsep|Tsep|'0\']
+            NumDatesep = 4,    // Num[ ]*Dsep
+            NumTimesep = 5,    // Num[ ]*Tsep
+            MonthEnd = 6,    // Month[ ]*'\0'
+            MonthSpace = 7,    // Month[ ]+^[Dsep|Tsep|'\0']
+            MonthDatesep = 8,    // Month[ ]*Dsep
+            NumDatesuff = 9,    // Month[ ]*DSuff
+            NumTimesuff = 10,   // Month[ ]*TSuff
+            DayOfWeek = 11,   // Day of week name
+            YearSpace = 12,   // Year+^[Dsep|Tsep|'0\']
+            YearDateSep = 13,  // Year+Dsep
+            YearEnd = 14,  // Year+['\0']
+            TimeZone = 15,  // timezone name
+            Era = 16,  // era name
+            NumUTCTimeMark = 17,      // Num + 'Z'
+            // When you add a new token which will be in the
+            // state table, add it after NumLocalTimeMark.
+            Unk = 18,   // unknown
+            NumLocalTimeMark = 19,    // Num + 'T'
+            Max = 20,   // marker
+        }
+
+        internal enum TM
+        {
+            NotSet = -1,
+            AM = 0,
+            PM = 1,
+        }
+
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // DateTime parsing state enumeration (DS.*)
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        internal enum DS
+        {
+            BEGIN = 0,
+            N = 1,        // have one number
+            NN = 2,        // have two numbers
+
+            // The following are known to be part of a date
+
+            D_Nd = 3,        // date string: have number followed by date separator
+            D_NN = 4,        // date string: have two numbers
+            D_NNd = 5,        // date string: have two numbers followed by date separator
+
+            D_M = 6,        // date string: have a month
+            D_MN = 7,        // date string: have a month and a number
+            D_NM = 8,        // date string: have a number and a month
+            D_MNd = 9,        // date string: have a month and number followed by date separator
+            D_NDS = 10,       // date string: have one number followed a date suffix.
+
+            D_Y = 11,        // date string: have a year.
+            D_YN = 12,        // date string: have a year and a number
+            D_YNd = 13,        // date string: have a year and a number and a date separator
+            D_YM = 14,        // date string: have a year and a month
+            D_YMd = 15,        // date string: have a year and a month and a date separator
+            D_S = 16,       // have numbers followed by a date suffix.
+            T_S = 17,       // have numbers followed by a time suffix.
+
+            // The following are known to be part of a time
+
+            T_Nt = 18,          // have num followed by time separator
+            T_NNt = 19,       // have two numbers followed by time separator
+
+
+            ERROR = 20,
+
+            // The following are terminal states. These all have an action
+            // associated with them; and transition back to BEGIN.
+
+            DX_NN = 21,       // day from two numbers
+            DX_NNN = 22,       // day from three numbers
+            DX_MN = 23,       // day from month and one number
+            DX_NM = 24,       // day from month and one number
+            DX_MNN = 25,       // day from month and two numbers
+            DX_DS = 26,       // a set of date suffixed numbers.
+            DX_DSN = 27,       // day from date suffixes and one number.
+            DX_NDS = 28,       // day from one number and date suffixes .
+            DX_NNDS = 29,       // day from one number and date suffixes .
+
+            DX_YNN = 30,       // date string: have a year and two number
+            DX_YMN = 31,       // date string: have a year, a month, and a number.
+            DX_YN = 32,       // date string: have a year and one number
+            DX_YM = 33,       // date string: have a year, a month.
+            TX_N = 34,       // time from one number (must have ampm)
+            TX_NN = 35,       // time from two numbers
+            TX_NNN = 36,       // time from three numbers
+            TX_TS = 37,       // a set of time suffixed numbers.
+            DX_NNY = 38,
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // NOTE: The following state machine table is dependent on the order of the
+        // DS and DTT enumerations.
+        //
+        // For each non terminal state, the following table defines the next state
+        // for each given date token type.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        //          End       NumEnd      NumAmPm     NumSpace    NumDaySep   NumTimesep  MonthEnd    MonthSpace  MonthDSep   NumDateSuff NumTimeSuff     DayOfWeek     YearSpace   YearDateSep YearEnd     TimeZone   Era         UTCTimeMark   
+        private static DS[][] dateParsingStates = {
+// DS.BEGIN                                                                             // DS.BEGIN
+new DS[] { DS.BEGIN, DS.ERROR,   DS.TX_N,    DS.N,       DS.D_Nd,    DS.T_Nt,    DS.ERROR,   DS.D_M,     DS.D_M,     DS.D_S,     DS.T_S,         DS.BEGIN,     DS.D_Y,     DS.D_Y,     DS.ERROR,   DS.BEGIN,  DS.BEGIN,    DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.N                                                                                 // DS.N
+new DS[] { DS.ERROR, DS.DX_NN,   DS.ERROR,   DS.NN,      DS.D_NNd,   DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_NM,   DS.D_NM,    DS.D_MNd,   DS.D_NDS,   DS.ERROR,       DS.N,         DS.D_YN,    DS.D_YNd,   DS.DX_YN,   DS.N,      DS.N,        DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.NN                                                                                // DS.NN
+new DS[] { DS.DX_NN, DS.DX_NNN,  DS.TX_N,    DS.DX_NNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.T_Nt,    DS.DX_MNN,  DS.DX_MNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.T_S,         DS.NN,        DS.DX_NNY,  DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_NNY,  DS.NN,     DS.NN,       DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_Nd                                                                              // DS.D_Nd
+new DS[] { DS.ERROR, DS.DX_NN,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_NN,    DS.D_NNd,   DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_NM,   DS.D_MN,    DS.D_MNd,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,       DS.D_Nd,      DS.D_YN,    DS.D_YNd,   DS.DX_YN,   DS.ERROR,  DS.D_Nd,     DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_NN                                                                              // DS.D_NN
+new DS[] { DS.DX_NN, DS.DX_NNN,  DS.TX_N,    DS.DX_NNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.T_Nt,    DS.DX_MNN,  DS.DX_MNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_DS,   DS.T_S,         DS.D_NN,     DS.DX_NNY,   DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_NNY,  DS.ERROR,  DS.D_NN,     DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_NNd                                                                             // DS.D_NNd
+new DS[] { DS.ERROR, DS.DX_NNN,  DS.DX_NNN,  DS.DX_NNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_MNN,  DS.DX_MNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_DS,   DS.ERROR,       DS.D_NNd,     DS.DX_NNY,  DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_NNY,  DS.ERROR,  DS.D_NNd,    DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_M                                                                               // DS.D_M
+new DS[] { DS.ERROR, DS.DX_MN,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_MN,    DS.D_MNd,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,       DS.D_M,       DS.D_YM,    DS.D_YMd,   DS.DX_YM,   DS.ERROR,  DS.D_M,      DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_MN                                                                              // DS.D_MN
+new DS[] { DS.DX_MN, DS.DX_MNN,  DS.DX_MNN,  DS.DX_MNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.T_Nt,    DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_DS,   DS.T_S,         DS.D_MN,      DS.DX_YMN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_YMN,  DS.ERROR,  DS.D_MN,     DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_NM                                                                              // DS.D_NM
+new DS[] { DS.DX_NM, DS.DX_MNN,  DS.DX_MNN,  DS.DX_MNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.T_Nt,    DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_DS,   DS.T_S,         DS.D_NM,      DS.DX_YMN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_YMN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.D_NM,    DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_MNd                                                                             // DS.D_MNd
+new DS[] { DS.ERROR, DS.DX_MNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_MNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,       DS.D_MNd,     DS.DX_YMN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_YMN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.D_MNd,   DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_NDS,                                                                            // DS.D_NDS,
+new DS[] { DS.DX_NDS,DS.DX_NNDS, DS.DX_NNDS, DS.DX_NNDS, DS.ERROR,   DS.T_Nt,    DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_NDS,   DS.T_S,         DS.D_NDS,     DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_NDS,   DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_Y                                                                               // DS.D_Y
+new DS[] { DS.ERROR, DS.DX_YN,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_YN,    DS.D_YNd,   DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_YM,   DS.D_YM,    DS.D_YMd,   DS.D_YM,    DS.ERROR,       DS.D_Y,       DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_Y,     DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_YN                                                                              // DS.D_YN
+new DS[] { DS.DX_YN, DS.DX_YNN,  DS.DX_YNN,  DS.DX_YNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_YMN,  DS.DX_YMN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,       DS.D_YN,      DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_YN,    DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_YNd                                                                             // DS.D_YNd
+new DS[] { DS.ERROR, DS.DX_YNN,  DS.DX_YNN,  DS.DX_YNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.DX_YMN,  DS.DX_YMN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,       DS.D_YN,      DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_YN,    DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_YM                                                                              // DS.D_YM
+new DS[] { DS.DX_YM, DS.DX_YMN,  DS.DX_YMN,  DS.DX_YMN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,       DS.D_YM,      DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_YM,    DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_YMd                                                                             // DS.D_YMd
+new DS[] { DS.ERROR, DS.DX_YMN,  DS.DX_YMN,  DS.DX_YMN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,       DS.D_YM,      DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_YM,    DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.D_S                                                                               // DS.D_S
+new DS[] { DS.DX_DS, DS.DX_DSN,  DS.TX_N,    DS.T_Nt,    DS.ERROR,   DS.T_Nt,    DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_S,     DS.T_S,         DS.D_S,       DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_S,     DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.T_S                                                                               // DS.T_S
+new DS[] { DS.TX_TS, DS.TX_TS,   DS.TX_TS,   DS.T_Nt,    DS.D_Nd,    DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.D_S,     DS.T_S,         DS.T_S,       DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.T_S,     DS.T_S,     DS.ERROR},
+
+// DS.T_Nt                                                                              // DS.T_Nt
+new DS[] { DS.ERROR, DS.TX_NN,   DS.TX_NN,   DS.TX_NN,   DS.ERROR,   DS.T_NNt,   DS.DX_NM,   DS.D_NM,    DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.T_S,         DS.ERROR,     DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.T_Nt,    DS.T_Nt,    DS.TX_NN},
+
+// DS.T_NNt                                                                             // DS.T_NNt
+new DS[] { DS.ERROR, DS.TX_NNN,  DS.TX_NNN,  DS.TX_NNN,  DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.T_S,         DS.T_NNt,     DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.ERROR,   DS.T_NNt,   DS.T_NNt,   DS.TX_NNN},
+};
+        //          End       NumEnd      NumAmPm     NumSpace    NumDaySep   NumTimesep  MonthEnd    MonthSpace  MonthDSep   NumDateSuff NumTimeSuff     DayOfWeek     YearSpace   YearDateSep YearEnd     TimeZone    Era        UTCMark
+
+        internal const String GMTName = "GMT";
+        internal const String ZuluName = "Z";
+
+        //
+        // Search from the index of str at str.Index to see if the target string exists in the str.
+        //
+        private static bool MatchWord(ref __DTString str, String target)
+        {
+            int length = target.Length;
+            if (length > (str.Value.Length - str.Index))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (str.CompareInfo.Compare(str.Value, str.Index, length,
+                                        target, 0, length, CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) != 0)
+            {
+                return (false);
+            }
+
+            int nextCharIndex = str.Index + target.Length;
+
+            if (nextCharIndex < str.Value.Length)
+            {
+                char nextCh = str.Value[nextCharIndex];
+                if (Char.IsLetter(nextCh))
+                {
+                    return (false);
+                }
+            }
+            str.Index = nextCharIndex;
+            if (str.Index < str.len)
+            {
+                str.m_current = str.Value[str.Index];
+            }
+
+            return (true);
+        }
+
+
+        //
+        // Check the word at the current index to see if it matches GMT name or Zulu name.
+        //
+        private static bool GetTimeZoneName(ref __DTString str)
+        {
+            if (MatchWord(ref str, GMTName))
+            {
+                return (true);
+            }
+
+            if (MatchWord(ref str, ZuluName))
+            {
+                return (true);
+            }
+
+            return (false);
+        }
+
+        internal static bool IsDigit(char ch)
+        {
+            return (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9');
+        }
+
+
+        /*=================================ParseFraction==========================
+        **Action: Starting at the str.Index, which should be a decimal symbol.
+        ** if the current character is a digit, parse the remaining
+        **      numbers as fraction.  For example, if the sub-string starting at str.Index is "123", then
+        **      the method will return 0.123
+        **Returns:      The fraction number.
+        **Arguments:
+        **      str the parsing string
+        **Exceptions:
+        ============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool ParseFraction(ref __DTString str, out double result)
+        {
+            result = 0;
+            double decimalBase = 0.1;
+            int digits = 0;
+            char ch;
+            while (str.GetNext()
+                   && IsDigit(ch = str.m_current))
+            {
+                result += (ch - '0') * decimalBase;
+                decimalBase *= 0.1;
+                digits++;
+            }
+            return (digits > 0);
+        }
+
+        /*=================================ParseTimeZone==========================
+        **Action: Parse the timezone offset in the following format:
+        **          "+8", "+08", "+0800", "+0800"
+        **        This method is used by DateTime.Parse().
+        **Returns:      The TimeZone offset.
+        **Arguments:
+        **      str the parsing string
+        **Exceptions:
+        **      FormatException if invalid timezone format is found.
+        ============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool ParseTimeZone(ref __DTString str, ref TimeSpan result)
+        {
+            // The hour/minute offset for timezone.
+            int hourOffset = 0;
+            int minuteOffset = 0;
+            DTSubString sub;
+
+            // Consume the +/- character that has already been read
+            sub = str.GetSubString();
+            if (sub.length != 1)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            char offsetChar = sub[0];
+            if (offsetChar != '+' && offsetChar != '-')
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            str.ConsumeSubString(sub);
+
+            sub = str.GetSubString();
+            if (sub.type != DTSubStringType.Number)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            int value = sub.value;
+            int length = sub.length;
+            if (length == 1 || length == 2)
+            {
+                // Parsing "+8" or "+08"
+                hourOffset = value;
+                str.ConsumeSubString(sub);
+                // See if we have minutes
+                sub = str.GetSubString();
+                if (sub.length == 1 && sub[0] == ':')
+                {
+                    // Parsing "+8:00" or "+08:00"
+                    str.ConsumeSubString(sub);
+                    sub = str.GetSubString();
+                    if (sub.type != DTSubStringType.Number || sub.length < 1 || sub.length > 2)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    minuteOffset = sub.value;
+                    str.ConsumeSubString(sub);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (length == 3 || length == 4)
+            {
+                // Parsing "+800" or "+0800"
+                hourOffset = value / 100;
+                minuteOffset = value % 100;
+                str.ConsumeSubString(sub);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Wrong number of digits
+                return false;
+            }
+            Debug.Assert(hourOffset >= 0 && hourOffset <= 99, "hourOffset >= 0 && hourOffset <= 99");
+            Debug.Assert(minuteOffset >= 0 && minuteOffset <= 99, "minuteOffset >= 0 && minuteOffset <= 99");
+            if (minuteOffset < 0 || minuteOffset >= 60)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            result = new TimeSpan(hourOffset, minuteOffset, 0);
+            if (offsetChar == '-')
+            {
+                result = result.Negate();
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // This is the helper function to handle timezone in string in the format like +/-0800
+        private static bool HandleTimeZone(ref __DTString str, ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            if ((str.Index < str.len - 1))
+            {
+                char nextCh = str.Value[str.Index];
+                // Skip whitespace, but don't update the index unless we find a time zone marker
+                int whitespaceCount = 0;
+                while (Char.IsWhiteSpace(nextCh) && str.Index + whitespaceCount < str.len - 1)
+                {
+                    whitespaceCount++;
+                    nextCh = str.Value[str.Index + whitespaceCount];
+                }
+                if (nextCh == '+' || nextCh == '-')
+                {
+                    str.Index += whitespaceCount;
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) != 0)
+                    {
+                        // Should not have two timezone offsets.
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                    if (!ParseTimeZone(ref str, ref result.timeZoneOffset))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // This is the lexer. Check the character at the current index, and put the found token in dtok and
+        // some raw date/time information in raw.
+        //
+        private static Boolean Lex(DS dps, ref __DTString str, ref DateTimeToken dtok, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles styles)
+        {
+            TokenType tokenType;
+            int tokenValue;
+            int indexBeforeSeparator;
+            char charBeforeSeparator;
+
+            TokenType sep;
+            dtok.dtt = DTT.Unk;     // Assume the token is unkown.
+
+            str.GetRegularToken(out tokenType, out tokenValue, dtfi);
+
+#if _LOGGING
+            // Builds with _LOGGING defined (x86dbg, amd64chk, etc) support tracing
+            // Set the following internal-only/unsupported environment variables to enable DateTime tracing to the console:
+            //
+            // COMPlus_LogEnable=1
+            // COMPlus_LogToConsole=1
+            // COMPlus_LogLevel=9
+            // COMPlus_ManagedLogFacility=0x00001000
+            if (_tracingEnabled)
+            {
+                BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "[DATETIME] Lex({0})\tpos:{1}({2}), {3}, DS.{4}", Hex(str.Value),
+                               str.Index, Hex(str.m_current), tokenType, dps);
+            }
+#endif // _LOGGING
+
+            // Look at the regular token.
+            switch (tokenType)
+            {
+                case TokenType.NumberToken:
+                case TokenType.YearNumberToken:
+                    if (raw.numCount == 3 || tokenValue == -1)
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        LexTraceExit("0010", dps);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    //
+                    // This is a digit.
+                    //
+                    // If the previous parsing state is DS.T_NNt (like 12:01), and we got another number,
+                    // so we will have a terminal state DS.TX_NNN (like 12:01:02).
+                    // If the previous parsing state is DS.T_Nt (like 12:), and we got another number,
+                    // so we will have a terminal state DS.TX_NN (like 12:01).
+                    //
+                    // Look ahead to see if the following character is a decimal point or timezone offset.
+                    // This enables us to parse time in the forms of:
+                    //  "11:22:33.1234" or "11:22:33-08".
+                    if (dps == DS.T_NNt)
+                    {
+                        if ((str.Index < str.len - 1))
+                        {
+                            char nextCh = str.Value[str.Index];
+                            if (nextCh == '.')
+                            {
+                                // While ParseFraction can fail, it just means that there were no digits after
+                                // the dot. In this case ParseFraction just removes the dot. This is actually
+                                // valid for cultures like Albanian, that join the time marker to the time with
+                                // with a dot: e.g. "9:03.MD"
+                                ParseFraction(ref str, out raw.fraction);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (dps == DS.T_NNt || dps == DS.T_Nt)
+                    {
+                        if ((str.Index < str.len - 1))
+                        {
+                            if (false == HandleTimeZone(ref str, ref result))
+                            {
+                                LexTraceExit("0020 (value like \"12:01\" or \"12:\" followed by a non-TZ number", dps);
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    dtok.num = tokenValue;
+                    if (tokenType == TokenType.YearNumberToken)
+                    {
+                        if (raw.year == -1)
+                        {
+                            raw.year = tokenValue;
+                            //
+                            // If we have number which has 3 or more digits (like "001" or "0001"),
+                            // we assume this number is a year. Save the currnet raw.numCount in
+                            // raw.year.
+                            //
+                            switch (sep = str.GetSeparatorToken(dtfi, out indexBeforeSeparator, out charBeforeSeparator))
+                            {
+                                case TokenType.SEP_End:
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.YearEnd;
+                                    break;
+                                case TokenType.SEP_Am:
+                                case TokenType.SEP_Pm:
+                                    if (raw.timeMark == TM.NotSet)
+                                    {
+                                        raw.timeMark = (sep == TokenType.SEP_Am ? TM.AM : TM.PM);
+                                        dtok.dtt = DTT.YearSpace;
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                        LexTraceExit("0030 (TM.AM/TM.PM Happened more than 1x)", dps);
+                                    }
+                                    break;
+                                case TokenType.SEP_Space:
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.YearSpace;
+                                    break;
+                                case TokenType.SEP_Date:
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.YearDateSep;
+                                    break;
+                                case TokenType.SEP_Time:
+                                    if (!raw.hasSameDateAndTimeSeparators)
+                                    {
+                                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                        LexTraceExit("0040 (Invalid separator after number)", dps);
+                                        return false;
+                                    }
+
+                                    // we have the date and time separators are same and getting a year number, then change the token to YearDateSep as 
+                                    // we are sure we are not parsing time.
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.YearDateSep;
+                                    break;
+                                case TokenType.SEP_DateOrOffset:
+                                    // The separator is either a date separator or the start of a time zone offset. If the token will complete the date then
+                                    // process just the number and roll back the index so that the outer loop can attempt to parse the time zone offset.
+                                    if ((dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)DTT.YearDateSep] == DS.ERROR)
+                                        && (dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)DTT.YearSpace] > DS.ERROR))
+                                    {
+                                        str.Index = indexBeforeSeparator;
+                                        str.m_current = charBeforeSeparator;
+                                        dtok.dtt = DTT.YearSpace;
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        dtok.dtt = DTT.YearDateSep;
+                                    }
+                                    break;
+                                case TokenType.SEP_YearSuff:
+                                case TokenType.SEP_MonthSuff:
+                                case TokenType.SEP_DaySuff:
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.NumDatesuff;
+                                    dtok.suffix = sep;
+                                    break;
+                                case TokenType.SEP_HourSuff:
+                                case TokenType.SEP_MinuteSuff:
+                                case TokenType.SEP_SecondSuff:
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.NumTimesuff;
+                                    dtok.suffix = sep;
+                                    break;
+                                default:
+                                    // Invalid separator after number number.
+                                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                    LexTraceExit("0040 (Invalid separator after number)", dps);
+                                    return false;
+                            }
+                            //
+                            // Found the token already. Return now.
+                            //
+                            LexTraceExit("0050 (success)", dps);
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        LexTraceExit("0060", dps);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    switch (sep = str.GetSeparatorToken(dtfi, out indexBeforeSeparator, out charBeforeSeparator))
+                    {
+                        //
+                        // Note here we check if the numCount is less than three.
+                        // When we have more than three numbers, it will be caught as error in the state machine.
+                        //
+                        case TokenType.SEP_End:
+                            dtok.dtt = DTT.NumEnd;
+                            raw.AddNumber(dtok.num);
+                            break;
+                        case TokenType.SEP_Am:
+                        case TokenType.SEP_Pm:
+                            if (raw.timeMark == TM.NotSet)
+                            {
+                                raw.timeMark = (sep == TokenType.SEP_Am ? TM.AM : TM.PM);
+                                dtok.dtt = DTT.NumAmpm;
+                                // Fix AM/PM parsing case, e.g. "1/10 5 AM"
+                                if (dps == DS.D_NN)
+                                {
+                                    if (!ProcessTerminaltState(DS.DX_NN, ref result, ref styles, ref raw, dtfi))
+                                    {
+                                        return false;
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                raw.AddNumber(dtok.num);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            if (dps == DS.T_NNt || dps == DS.T_Nt)
+                            {
+                                if (false == HandleTimeZone(ref str, ref result))
+                                {
+                                    LexTraceExit("0070 (HandleTimeZone returned false)", dps);
+                                    return false;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        case TokenType.SEP_Space:
+                            dtok.dtt = DTT.NumSpace;
+                            raw.AddNumber(dtok.num);
+                            break;
+                        case TokenType.SEP_Date:
+                            dtok.dtt = DTT.NumDatesep;
+                            raw.AddNumber(dtok.num);
+                            break;
+                        case TokenType.SEP_DateOrOffset:
+                            // The separator is either a date separator or the start of a time zone offset. If the token will complete the date then
+                            // process just the number and roll back the index so that the outer loop can attempt to parse the time zone offset.
+                            if ((dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)DTT.NumDatesep] == DS.ERROR)
+                                && (dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)DTT.NumSpace] > DS.ERROR))
+                            {
+                                str.Index = indexBeforeSeparator;
+                                str.m_current = charBeforeSeparator;
+                                dtok.dtt = DTT.NumSpace;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                dtok.dtt = DTT.NumDatesep;
+                            }
+                            raw.AddNumber(dtok.num);
+                            break;
+                        case TokenType.SEP_Time:
+                            if (raw.hasSameDateAndTimeSeparators &&
+                                (dps == DS.D_Y || dps == DS.D_YN || dps == DS.D_YNd || dps == DS.D_YM || dps == DS.D_YMd))
+                            {
+                                // we are parsing a date and we have the time separator same as date separator, so we mark the token as date separator
+                                dtok.dtt = DTT.NumDatesep;
+                                raw.AddNumber(dtok.num);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            dtok.dtt = DTT.NumTimesep;
+                            raw.AddNumber(dtok.num);
+                            break;
+                        case TokenType.SEP_YearSuff:
+                            try
+                            {
+                                dtok.num = dtfi.Calendar.ToFourDigitYear(tokenValue);
+                            }
+                            catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException e)
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", e);
+                                LexTraceExit("0075 (Calendar.ToFourDigitYear failed)", dps);
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            dtok.dtt = DTT.NumDatesuff;
+                            dtok.suffix = sep;
+                            break;
+                        case TokenType.SEP_MonthSuff:
+                        case TokenType.SEP_DaySuff:
+                            dtok.dtt = DTT.NumDatesuff;
+                            dtok.suffix = sep;
+                            break;
+                        case TokenType.SEP_HourSuff:
+                        case TokenType.SEP_MinuteSuff:
+                        case TokenType.SEP_SecondSuff:
+                            dtok.dtt = DTT.NumTimesuff;
+                            dtok.suffix = sep;
+                            break;
+                        case TokenType.SEP_LocalTimeMark:
+                            dtok.dtt = DTT.NumLocalTimeMark;
+                            raw.AddNumber(dtok.num);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            // Invalid separator after number number.
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            LexTraceExit("0080", dps);
+                            return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.HebrewNumber:
+                    if (tokenValue >= 100)
+                    {
+                        // This is a year number
+                        if (raw.year == -1)
+                        {
+                            raw.year = tokenValue;
+                            //
+                            // If we have number which has 3 or more digits (like "001" or "0001"),
+                            // we assume this number is a year. Save the currnet raw.numCount in
+                            // raw.year.
+                            //
+                            switch (sep = str.GetSeparatorToken(dtfi, out indexBeforeSeparator, out charBeforeSeparator))
+                            {
+                                case TokenType.SEP_End:
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.YearEnd;
+                                    break;
+                                case TokenType.SEP_Space:
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.YearSpace;
+                                    break;
+                                case TokenType.SEP_DateOrOffset:
+                                    // The separator is either a date separator or the start of a time zone offset. If the token will complete the date then
+                                    // process just the number and roll back the index so that the outer loop can attempt to parse the time zone offset.
+                                    if (dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)DTT.YearSpace] > DS.ERROR)
+                                    {
+                                        str.Index = indexBeforeSeparator;
+                                        str.m_current = charBeforeSeparator;
+                                        dtok.dtt = DTT.YearSpace;
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                    goto default;
+                                default:
+                                    // Invalid separator after number number.
+                                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                    LexTraceExit("0090", dps);
+                                    return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            // Invalid separator after number number.
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            LexTraceExit("0100", dps);
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // This is a day number
+                        dtok.num = tokenValue;
+                        raw.AddNumber(dtok.num);
+
+                        switch (sep = str.GetSeparatorToken(dtfi, out indexBeforeSeparator, out charBeforeSeparator))
+                        {
+                            //
+                            // Note here we check if the numCount is less than three.
+                            // When we have more than three numbers, it will be caught as error in the state machine.
+                            //
+                            case TokenType.SEP_End:
+                                dtok.dtt = DTT.NumEnd;
+                                break;
+                            case TokenType.SEP_Space:
+                            case TokenType.SEP_Date:
+                                dtok.dtt = DTT.NumDatesep;
+                                break;
+                            case TokenType.SEP_DateOrOffset:
+                                // The separator is either a date separator or the start of a time zone offset. If the token will complete the date then
+                                // process just the number and roll back the index so that the outer loop can attempt to parse the time zone offset.
+                                if ((dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)DTT.NumDatesep] == DS.ERROR)
+                                    && (dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)DTT.NumSpace] > DS.ERROR))
+                                {
+                                    str.Index = indexBeforeSeparator;
+                                    str.m_current = charBeforeSeparator;
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.NumSpace;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.NumDatesep;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                // Invalid separator after number number.
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                LexTraceExit("0110", dps);
+                                return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.DayOfWeekToken:
+                    if (raw.dayOfWeek == -1)
+                    {
+                        //
+                        // This is a day of week name.
+                        //
+                        raw.dayOfWeek = tokenValue;
+                        dtok.dtt = DTT.DayOfWeek;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        LexTraceExit("0120 (DayOfWeek seen more than 1x)", dps);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.MonthToken:
+                    if (raw.month == -1)
+                    {
+                        //
+                        // This is a month name
+                        //
+                        switch (sep = str.GetSeparatorToken(dtfi, out indexBeforeSeparator, out charBeforeSeparator))
+                        {
+                            case TokenType.SEP_End:
+                                dtok.dtt = DTT.MonthEnd;
+                                break;
+                            case TokenType.SEP_Space:
+                                dtok.dtt = DTT.MonthSpace;
+                                break;
+                            case TokenType.SEP_Date:
+                                dtok.dtt = DTT.MonthDatesep;
+                                break;
+                            case TokenType.SEP_Time:
+                                if (!raw.hasSameDateAndTimeSeparators)
+                                {
+                                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                    LexTraceExit("0130 (Invalid separator after month name)", dps);
+                                    return false;
+                                }
+
+                                // we have the date and time separators are same and getting a Month name, then change the token to MonthDatesep as 
+                                // we are sure we are not parsing time.
+                                dtok.dtt = DTT.MonthDatesep;
+                                break;
+                            case TokenType.SEP_DateOrOffset:
+                                // The separator is either a date separator or the start of a time zone offset. If the token will complete the date then
+                                // process just the number and roll back the index so that the outer loop can attempt to parse the time zone offset.
+                                if ((dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)DTT.MonthDatesep] == DS.ERROR)
+                                    && (dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)DTT.MonthSpace] > DS.ERROR))
+                                {
+                                    str.Index = indexBeforeSeparator;
+                                    str.m_current = charBeforeSeparator;
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.MonthSpace;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    dtok.dtt = DTT.MonthDatesep;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                //Invalid separator after month name
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                LexTraceExit("0130 (Invalid separator after month name)", dps);
+                                return false;
+                        }
+                        raw.month = tokenValue;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        LexTraceExit("0140 (MonthToken seen more than 1x)", dps);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.EraToken:
+                    if (result.era != -1)
+                    {
+                        result.era = tokenValue;
+                        dtok.dtt = DTT.Era;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        LexTraceExit("0150 (EraToken seen when result.era already set)", dps);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.JapaneseEraToken:
+                    // Special case for Japanese.  We allow Japanese era name to be used even if the calendar is not Japanese Calendar.
+                    result.calendar = JapaneseCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                    dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.GetJapaneseCalendarDTFI();
+                    if (result.era != -1)
+                    {
+                        result.era = tokenValue;
+                        dtok.dtt = DTT.Era;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        LexTraceExit("0160 (JapaneseEraToken seen when result.era already set)", dps);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.TEraToken:
+                    result.calendar = TaiwanCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                    dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.GetTaiwanCalendarDTFI();
+                    if (result.era != -1)
+                    {
+                        result.era = tokenValue;
+                        dtok.dtt = DTT.Era;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        LexTraceExit("0170 (TEraToken seen when result.era already set)", dps);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.TimeZoneToken:
+                    //
+                    // This is a timezone designator
+                    //
+                    // NOTENOTE : for now, we only support "GMT" and "Z" (for Zulu time).
+                    //
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) != 0)
+                    {
+                        // Should not have two timezone offsets.
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        LexTraceExit("0180 (seen GMT or Z more than 1x)", dps);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    dtok.dtt = DTT.TimeZone;
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                    result.timeZoneOffset = new TimeSpan(0);
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUtc;
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.EndOfString:
+                    dtok.dtt = DTT.End;
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.DateWordToken:
+                case TokenType.IgnorableSymbol:
+                    // Date words and ignorable symbols can just be skipped over
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.Am:
+                case TokenType.Pm:
+                    if (raw.timeMark == TM.NotSet)
+                    {
+                        raw.timeMark = (TM)tokenValue;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        LexTraceExit("0190 (AM/PM timeMark already set)", dps);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.UnknownToken:
+                    if (Char.IsLetter(str.m_current))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_UnknowDateTimeWord", str.Index);
+                        LexTraceExit("0200", dps);
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+
+                    if ((str.m_current == '-' || str.m_current == '+') && ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) == 0))
+                    {
+                        Int32 originalIndex = str.Index;
+                        if (ParseTimeZone(ref str, ref result.timeZoneOffset))
+                        {
+                            result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                            LexTraceExit("0220 (success)", dps);
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            // Time zone parse attempt failed. Fall through to punctuation handling.
+                            str.Index = originalIndex;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Visual Basic implements string to date conversions on top of DateTime.Parse:
+                    //   CDate("#10/10/95#")
+                    //
+                    if (VerifyValidPunctuation(ref str))
+                    {
+                        LexTraceExit("0230 (success)", dps);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                    LexTraceExit("0240", dps);
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            LexTraceExit("0250 (success)", dps);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean VerifyValidPunctuation(ref __DTString str)
+        {
+            // Compatability Behavior. Allow trailing nulls and surrounding hashes
+            Char ch = str.Value[str.Index];
+            if (ch == '#')
+            {
+                bool foundStart = false;
+                bool foundEnd = false;
+                for (int i = 0; i < str.len; i++)
+                {
+                    ch = str.Value[i];
+                    if (ch == '#')
+                    {
+                        if (foundStart)
+                        {
+                            if (foundEnd)
+                            {
+                                // Having more than two hashes is invalid
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                foundEnd = true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            foundStart = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (ch == '\0')
+                    {
+                        // Allow nulls only at the end
+                        if (!foundEnd)
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if ((!Char.IsWhiteSpace(ch)))
+                    {
+                        // Anthyhing other than whitespace outside hashes is invalid
+                        if (!foundStart || foundEnd)
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!foundEnd)
+                {
+                    // The has was un-paired
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // Valid Hash usage: eat the hash and continue. 
+                str.GetNext();
+                return true;
+            }
+            else if (ch == '\0')
+            {
+                for (int i = str.Index; i < str.len; i++)
+                {
+                    if (str.Value[i] != '\0')
+                    {
+                        // Nulls are only valid if they are the only trailing character
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                // Move to the end of the string
+                str.Index = str.len;
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private const int ORDER_YMD = 0;     // The order of date is Year/Month/Day.
+        private const int ORDER_MDY = 1;     // The order of date is Month/Day/Year.
+        private const int ORDER_DMY = 2;     // The order of date is Day/Month/Year.
+        private const int ORDER_YDM = 3;     // The order of date is Year/Day/Month
+        private const int ORDER_YM = 4;     // Year/Month order.
+        private const int ORDER_MY = 5;     // Month/Year order.
+        private const int ORDER_MD = 6;     // Month/Day order.
+        private const int ORDER_DM = 7;     // Day/Month order.
+
+        //
+        // Decide the year/month/day order from the datePattern.
+        //
+        // Return 0 for YMD, 1 for MDY, 2 for DMY, otherwise -1.
+        //
+        private static Boolean GetYearMonthDayOrder(String datePattern, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, out int order)
+        {
+            int yearOrder = -1;
+            int monthOrder = -1;
+            int dayOrder = -1;
+            int orderCount = 0;
+
+            bool inQuote = false;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < datePattern.Length && orderCount < 3; i++)
+            {
+                char ch = datePattern[i];
+                if (ch == '\\' || ch == '%')
+                {
+                    i++;
+                    continue;  // Skip next character that is escaped by this backslash
+                }
+
+                if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"')
+                {
+                    inQuote = !inQuote;
+                }
+
+                if (!inQuote)
+                {
+                    if (ch == 'y')
+                    {
+                        yearOrder = orderCount++;
+
+                        //
+                        // Skip all year pattern charaters.
+                        //
+                        for (; i + 1 < datePattern.Length && datePattern[i + 1] == 'y'; i++)
+                        {
+                            // Do nothing here.
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (ch == 'M')
+                    {
+                        monthOrder = orderCount++;
+                        //
+                        // Skip all month pattern characters.
+                        //
+                        for (; i + 1 < datePattern.Length && datePattern[i + 1] == 'M'; i++)
+                        {
+                            // Do nothing here.
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (ch == 'd')
+                    {
+                        int patternCount = 1;
+                        //
+                        // Skip all day pattern characters.
+                        //
+                        for (; i + 1 < datePattern.Length && datePattern[i + 1] == 'd'; i++)
+                        {
+                            patternCount++;
+                        }
+                        //
+                        // Make sure this is not "ddd" or "dddd", which means day of week.
+                        //
+                        if (patternCount <= 2)
+                        {
+                            dayOrder = orderCount++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (yearOrder == 0 && monthOrder == 1 && dayOrder == 2)
+            {
+                order = ORDER_YMD;
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (monthOrder == 0 && dayOrder == 1 && yearOrder == 2)
+            {
+                order = ORDER_MDY;
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (dayOrder == 0 && monthOrder == 1 && yearOrder == 2)
+            {
+                order = ORDER_DMY;
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (yearOrder == 0 && dayOrder == 1 && monthOrder == 2)
+            {
+                order = ORDER_YDM;
+                return true;
+            }
+            order = -1;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Decide the year/month order from the pattern.
+        //
+        // Return 0 for YM, 1 for MY, otherwise -1.
+        //
+        private static Boolean GetYearMonthOrder(String pattern, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, out int order)
+        {
+            int yearOrder = -1;
+            int monthOrder = -1;
+            int orderCount = 0;
+
+            bool inQuote = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < pattern.Length && orderCount < 2; i++)
+            {
+                char ch = pattern[i];
+                if (ch == '\\' || ch == '%')
+                {
+                    i++;
+                    continue;  // Skip next character that is escaped by this backslash
+                }
+
+                if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"')
+                {
+                    inQuote = !inQuote;
+                }
+
+                if (!inQuote)
+                {
+                    if (ch == 'y')
+                    {
+                        yearOrder = orderCount++;
+
+                        //
+                        // Skip all year pattern charaters.
+                        //
+                        for (; i + 1 < pattern.Length && pattern[i + 1] == 'y'; i++)
+                        {
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (ch == 'M')
+                    {
+                        monthOrder = orderCount++;
+                        //
+                        // Skip all month pattern characters.
+                        //
+                        for (; i + 1 < pattern.Length && pattern[i + 1] == 'M'; i++)
+                        {
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (yearOrder == 0 && monthOrder == 1)
+            {
+                order = ORDER_YM;
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (monthOrder == 0 && yearOrder == 1)
+            {
+                order = ORDER_MY;
+                return true;
+            }
+            order = -1;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Decide the month/day order from the pattern.
+        //
+        // Return 0 for MD, 1 for DM, otherwise -1.
+        //
+        private static Boolean GetMonthDayOrder(String pattern, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, out int order)
+        {
+            int monthOrder = -1;
+            int dayOrder = -1;
+            int orderCount = 0;
+
+            bool inQuote = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < pattern.Length && orderCount < 2; i++)
+            {
+                char ch = pattern[i];
+                if (ch == '\\' || ch == '%')
+                {
+                    i++;
+                    continue;  // Skip next character that is escaped by this backslash
+                }
+
+                if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"')
+                {
+                    inQuote = !inQuote;
+                }
+
+                if (!inQuote)
+                {
+                    if (ch == 'd')
+                    {
+                        int patternCount = 1;
+                        //
+                        // Skip all day pattern charaters.
+                        //
+                        for (; i + 1 < pattern.Length && pattern[i + 1] == 'd'; i++)
+                        {
+                            patternCount++;
+                        }
+
+                        //
+                        // Make sure this is not "ddd" or "dddd", which means day of week.
+                        //
+                        if (patternCount <= 2)
+                        {
+                            dayOrder = orderCount++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (ch == 'M')
+                    {
+                        monthOrder = orderCount++;
+                        //
+                        // Skip all month pattern characters.
+                        //
+                        for (; i + 1 < pattern.Length && pattern[i + 1] == 'M'; i++)
+                        {
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (monthOrder == 0 && dayOrder == 1)
+            {
+                order = ORDER_MD;
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (dayOrder == 0 && monthOrder == 1)
+            {
+                order = ORDER_DM;
+                return true;
+            }
+            order = -1;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Adjust the two-digit year if necessary.
+        //
+        private static bool TryAdjustYear(ref DateTimeResult result, int year, out int adjustedYear)
+        {
+            if (year < 100)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    // the Calendar classes need some real work.  Many of the calendars that throw
+                    // don't implement a fast/non-allocating (and non-throwing) IsValid{Year|Day|Month} method.
+                    // we are making a targeted try/catch fix in the in-place release but will revisit this code
+                    // in the next side-by-side release.
+                    year = result.calendar.ToFourDigitYear(year);
+                }
+                catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException)
+                {
+                    adjustedYear = -1;
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            adjustedYear = year;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static bool SetDateYMD(ref DateTimeResult result, int year, int month, int day)
+        {
+            // Note, longer term these checks should be done at the end of the parse. This current
+            // way of checking creates order dependence with parsing the era name.
+            if (result.calendar.IsValidDay(year, month, day, result.era))
+            {
+                result.SetDate(year, month, day);                           // YMD
+                return (true);
+            }
+            return (false);
+        }
+
+        private static bool SetDateMDY(ref DateTimeResult result, int month, int day, int year)
+        {
+            return (SetDateYMD(ref result, year, month, day));
+        }
+
+        private static bool SetDateDMY(ref DateTimeResult result, int day, int month, int year)
+        {
+            return (SetDateYMD(ref result, year, month, day));
+        }
+
+        private static bool SetDateYDM(ref DateTimeResult result, int year, int day, int month)
+        {
+            return (SetDateYMD(ref result, year, month, day));
+        }
+
+        private static void GetDefaultYear(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeStyles styles)
+        {
+            result.Year = result.calendar.GetYear(GetDateTimeNow(ref result, ref styles));
+            result.flags |= ParseFlags.YearDefault;
+        }
+
+        // Processing teriminal case: DS.DX_NN
+        private static Boolean GetDayOfNN(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeStyles styles, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDate) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple dates in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            int n1 = raw.GetNumber(0);
+            int n2 = raw.GetNumber(1);
+
+            GetDefaultYear(ref result, ref styles);
+
+            int order;
+            if (!GetMonthDayOrder(dtfi.MonthDayPattern, dtfi, out order))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadDatePattern", dtfi.MonthDayPattern);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (order == ORDER_MD)
+            {
+                if (SetDateYMD(ref result, result.Year, n1, n2))                           // MD
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // ORDER_DM
+                if (SetDateYMD(ref result, result.Year, n2, n1))                           // DM
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Processing teriminal case: DS.DX_NNN
+        private static Boolean GetDayOfNNN(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDate) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple dates in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            int n1 = raw.GetNumber(0);
+            int n2 = raw.GetNumber(1); ;
+            int n3 = raw.GetNumber(2);
+
+            int order;
+            if (!GetYearMonthDayOrder(dtfi.ShortDatePattern, dtfi, out order))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadDatePattern", dtfi.ShortDatePattern);
+                return false;
+            }
+            int year;
+
+            if (order == ORDER_YMD)
+            {
+                if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, n1, out year) && SetDateYMD(ref result, year, n2, n3))         // YMD
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (order == ORDER_MDY)
+            {
+                if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, n3, out year) && SetDateMDY(ref result, n1, n2, year))         // MDY
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (order == ORDER_DMY)
+            {
+                if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, n3, out year) && SetDateDMY(ref result, n1, n2, year))         // DMY
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (order == ORDER_YDM)
+            {
+                if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, n1, out year) && SetDateYDM(ref result, year, n2, n3))         // YDM
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetDayOfMN(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeStyles styles, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDate) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple dates in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // The interpretation is based on the MonthDayPattern and YearMonthPattern
+            //
+            //    MonthDayPattern   YearMonthPattern  Interpretation
+            //    ---------------   ----------------  ---------------
+            //    MMMM dd           MMMM yyyy         Day
+            //    MMMM dd           yyyy MMMM         Day
+            //    dd MMMM           MMMM yyyy         Year
+            //    dd MMMM           yyyy MMMM         Day
+            //
+            // In the first and last cases, it could be either or neither, but a day is a better default interpretation
+            // than a 2 digit year.
+
+            int monthDayOrder;
+            if (!GetMonthDayOrder(dtfi.MonthDayPattern, dtfi, out monthDayOrder))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadDatePattern", dtfi.MonthDayPattern);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (monthDayOrder == ORDER_DM)
+            {
+                int yearMonthOrder;
+                if (!GetYearMonthOrder(dtfi.YearMonthPattern, dtfi, out yearMonthOrder))
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadDatePattern", dtfi.YearMonthPattern);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (yearMonthOrder == ORDER_MY)
+                {
+                    int year;
+                    if (!TryAdjustYear(ref result, raw.GetNumber(0), out year) || !SetDateYMD(ref result, year, raw.month, 1))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            GetDefaultYear(ref result, ref styles);
+            if (!SetDateYMD(ref result, result.Year, raw.month, raw.GetNumber(0)))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //  Actions:
+        //  Deal with the terminal state for Hebrew Month/Day pattern
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        private static Boolean GetHebrewDayOfNM(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            int monthDayOrder;
+            if (!GetMonthDayOrder(dtfi.MonthDayPattern, dtfi, out monthDayOrder))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadDatePattern", dtfi.MonthDayPattern);
+                return false;
+            }
+            result.Month = raw.month;
+            if (monthDayOrder == ORDER_DM || monthDayOrder == ORDER_MD)
+            {
+                if (result.calendar.IsValidDay(result.Year, result.Month, raw.GetNumber(0), result.era))
+                {
+                    result.Day = raw.GetNumber(0);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetDayOfNM(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeStyles styles, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDate) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple dates in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // The interpretation is based on the MonthDayPattern and YearMonthPattern
+            //
+            //    MonthDayPattern   YearMonthPattern  Interpretation
+            //    ---------------   ----------------  ---------------
+            //    MMMM dd           MMMM yyyy         Day
+            //    MMMM dd           yyyy MMMM         Year
+            //    dd MMMM           MMMM yyyy         Day
+            //    dd MMMM           yyyy MMMM         Day
+            //
+            // In the first and last cases, it could be either or neither, but a day is a better default interpretation
+            // than a 2 digit year.
+
+            int monthDayOrder;
+            if (!GetMonthDayOrder(dtfi.MonthDayPattern, dtfi, out monthDayOrder))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadDatePattern", dtfi.MonthDayPattern);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (monthDayOrder == ORDER_MD)
+            {
+                int yearMonthOrder;
+                if (!GetYearMonthOrder(dtfi.YearMonthPattern, dtfi, out yearMonthOrder))
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadDatePattern", dtfi.YearMonthPattern);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (yearMonthOrder == ORDER_YM)
+                {
+                    int year;
+                    if (!TryAdjustYear(ref result, raw.GetNumber(0), out year) || !SetDateYMD(ref result, year, raw.month, 1))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            GetDefaultYear(ref result, ref styles);
+            if (!SetDateYMD(ref result, result.Year, raw.month, raw.GetNumber(0)))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetDayOfMNN(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDate) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple dates in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            int n1 = raw.GetNumber(0);
+            int n2 = raw.GetNumber(1);
+
+            int order;
+            if (!GetYearMonthDayOrder(dtfi.ShortDatePattern, dtfi, out order))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadDatePattern", dtfi.ShortDatePattern);
+                return false;
+            }
+            int year;
+
+            if (order == ORDER_MDY)
+            {
+                if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, n2, out year) && result.calendar.IsValidDay(year, raw.month, n1, result.era))
+                {
+                    result.SetDate(year, raw.month, n1);      // MDY
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+                else if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, n1, out year) && result.calendar.IsValidDay(year, raw.month, n2, result.era))
+                {
+                    result.SetDate(year, raw.month, n2);      // YMD
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (order == ORDER_YMD)
+            {
+                if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, n1, out year) && result.calendar.IsValidDay(year, raw.month, n2, result.era))
+                {
+                    result.SetDate(year, raw.month, n2);      // YMD
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+                else if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, n2, out year) && result.calendar.IsValidDay(year, raw.month, n1, result.era))
+                {
+                    result.SetDate(year, raw.month, n1);      // DMY
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (order == ORDER_DMY)
+            {
+                if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, n2, out year) && result.calendar.IsValidDay(year, raw.month, n1, result.era))
+                {
+                    result.SetDate(year, raw.month, n1);      // DMY
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+                else if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, n1, out year) && result.calendar.IsValidDay(year, raw.month, n2, result.era))
+                {
+                    result.SetDate(year, raw.month, n2);      // YMD
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetDayOfYNN(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDate) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple dates in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            int n1 = raw.GetNumber(0);
+            int n2 = raw.GetNumber(1);
+            String pattern = dtfi.ShortDatePattern;
+
+            // For compatibility, don't throw if we can't determine the order, but default to YMD instead
+            int order;
+            if (GetYearMonthDayOrder(pattern, dtfi, out order) && order == ORDER_YDM)
+            {
+                if (SetDateYMD(ref result, raw.year, n2, n1))
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true; // Year + DM
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (SetDateYMD(ref result, raw.year, n1, n2))
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true; // Year + MD
+                }
+            }
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetDayOfNNY(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDate) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple dates in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            int n1 = raw.GetNumber(0);
+            int n2 = raw.GetNumber(1);
+
+            int order;
+            if (!GetYearMonthDayOrder(dtfi.ShortDatePattern, dtfi, out order))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadDatePattern", dtfi.ShortDatePattern);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (order == ORDER_MDY || order == ORDER_YMD)
+            {
+                if (SetDateYMD(ref result, raw.year, n1, n2))
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true; // MD + Year
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (SetDateYMD(ref result, raw.year, n2, n1))
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                    return true; // DM + Year
+                }
+            }
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+
+        private static Boolean GetDayOfYMN(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDate) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple dates in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (SetDateYMD(ref result, raw.year, raw.month, raw.GetNumber(0)))
+            {
+                result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                return true;
+            }
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetDayOfYN(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDate) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple dates in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (SetDateYMD(ref result, raw.year, raw.GetNumber(0), 1))
+            {
+                result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                return true;
+            }
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetDayOfYM(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDate) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple dates in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (SetDateYMD(ref result, raw.year, raw.month, 1))
+            {
+                result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDate;
+                return true;
+            }
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        private static void AdjustTimeMark(DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw)
+        {
+            // Specail case for culture which uses AM as empty string.
+            // E.g. af-ZA (0x0436)
+            //    S1159                  \x0000
+            //    S2359                  nm
+            // In this case, if we are parsing a string like "2005/09/14 12:23", we will assume this is in AM.
+
+            if (raw.timeMark == TM.NotSet)
+            {
+                if (dtfi.AMDesignator != null && dtfi.PMDesignator != null)
+                {
+                    if (dtfi.AMDesignator.Length == 0 && dtfi.PMDesignator.Length != 0)
+                    {
+                        raw.timeMark = TM.AM;
+                    }
+                    if (dtfi.PMDesignator.Length == 0 && dtfi.AMDesignator.Length != 0)
+                    {
+                        raw.timeMark = TM.PM;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Adjust hour according to the time mark.
+        //
+        private static Boolean AdjustHour(ref int hour, TM timeMark)
+        {
+            if (timeMark != TM.NotSet)
+            {
+                if (timeMark == TM.AM)
+                {
+                    if (hour < 0 || hour > 12)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    hour = (hour == 12) ? 0 : hour;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (hour < 0 || hour > 23)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (hour < 12)
+                    {
+                        hour += 12;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetTimeOfN(DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveTime) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple times in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            //
+            // In this case, we need a time mark. Check if so.
+            //
+            if (raw.timeMark == TM.NotSet)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            result.Hour = raw.GetNumber(0);
+            result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveTime;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetTimeOfNN(DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(raw.numCount >= 2, "raw.numCount >= 2");
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveTime) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple times in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            result.Hour = raw.GetNumber(0);
+            result.Minute = raw.GetNumber(1);
+            result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveTime;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetTimeOfNNN(DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveTime) != 0)
+            {
+                // Multiple times in the input string
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            Debug.Assert(raw.numCount >= 3, "raw.numCount >= 3");
+            result.Hour = raw.GetNumber(0);
+            result.Minute = raw.GetNumber(1);
+            result.Second = raw.GetNumber(2);
+            result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveTime;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Processing terminal state: A Date suffix followed by one number.
+        //
+        private static Boolean GetDateOfDSN(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw)
+        {
+            if (raw.numCount != 1 || result.Day != -1)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            result.Day = raw.GetNumber(0);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetDateOfNDS(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw)
+        {
+            if (result.Month == -1)
+            {
+                //Should have a month suffix
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (result.Year != -1)
+            {
+                // Aleady has a year suffix
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!TryAdjustYear(ref result, raw.GetNumber(0), out result.Year))
+            {
+                // the year value is out of range
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            result.Day = 1;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static Boolean GetDateOfNNDS(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            // For partial CJK Dates, the only valid formats are with a specified year, followed by two numbers, which
+            // will be the Month and Day, and with a specified Month, when the numbers are either the year and day or
+            // day and year, depending on the short date pattern.
+
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveYear) != 0)
+            {
+                if (((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveMonth) == 0) && ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDay) == 0))
+                {
+                    if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, raw.year, out result.Year) && SetDateYMD(ref result, result.Year, raw.GetNumber(0), raw.GetNumber(1)))
+                    {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveMonth) != 0)
+            {
+                if (((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveYear) == 0) && ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDay) == 0))
+                {
+                    int order;
+                    if (!GetYearMonthDayOrder(dtfi.ShortDatePattern, dtfi, out order))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadDatePattern", dtfi.ShortDatePattern);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    int year;
+                    if (order == ORDER_YMD)
+                    {
+                        if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, raw.GetNumber(0), out year) && SetDateYMD(ref result, year, result.Month, raw.GetNumber(1)))
+                        {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (TryAdjustYear(ref result, raw.GetNumber(1), out year) && SetDateYMD(ref result, year, result.Month, raw.GetNumber(0)))
+                        {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // A date suffix is found, use this method to put the number into the result.
+        //
+        private static bool ProcessDateTimeSuffix(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, ref DateTimeToken dtok)
+        {
+            switch (dtok.suffix)
+            {
+                case TokenType.SEP_YearSuff:
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveYear) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveYear;
+                    result.Year = raw.year = dtok.num;
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.SEP_MonthSuff:
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveMonth) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveMonth;
+                    result.Month = raw.month = dtok.num;
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.SEP_DaySuff:
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveDay) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveDay;
+                    result.Day = dtok.num;
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.SEP_HourSuff:
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveHour) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveHour;
+                    result.Hour = dtok.num;
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.SEP_MinuteSuff:
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveMinute) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveMinute;
+                    result.Minute = dtok.num;
+                    break;
+                case TokenType.SEP_SecondSuff:
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.HaveSecond) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.HaveSecond;
+                    result.Second = dtok.num;
+                    break;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Actions:
+        // This is used by DateTime.Parse().
+        // Process the terminal state for the Hebrew calendar parsing.
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        internal static Boolean ProcessHebrewTerminalState(DS dps, ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeStyles styles, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            // The following are accepted terminal state for Hebrew date.
+            switch (dps)
+            {
+                case DS.DX_MNN:
+                    // Deal with the default long/short date format when the year number is ambigous (i.e. year < 100).
+                    raw.year = raw.GetNumber(1);
+                    if (!dtfi.YearMonthAdjustment(ref raw.year, ref raw.month, true))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatBadDateTimeCalendar, "Format_BadDateTimeCalendar", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (!GetDayOfMNN(ref result, ref raw, dtfi))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_YMN:
+                    // Deal with the default long/short date format when the year number is NOT ambigous (i.e. year >= 100).
+                    if (!dtfi.YearMonthAdjustment(ref raw.year, ref raw.month, true))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatBadDateTimeCalendar, "Format_BadDateTimeCalendar", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (!GetDayOfYMN(ref result, ref raw, dtfi))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_NM:
+                case DS.DX_MN:
+                    // Deal with Month/Day pattern.
+                    GetDefaultYear(ref result, ref styles);
+                    if (!dtfi.YearMonthAdjustment(ref result.Year, ref raw.month, true))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatBadDateTimeCalendar, "Format_BadDateTimeCalendar", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (!GetHebrewDayOfNM(ref result, ref raw, dtfi))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_YM:
+                    // Deal with Year/Month pattern.
+                    if (!dtfi.YearMonthAdjustment(ref raw.year, ref raw.month, true))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatBadDateTimeCalendar, "Format_BadDateTimeCalendar", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (!GetDayOfYM(ref result, ref raw, dtfi))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case DS.TX_N:
+                    // Deal hour + AM/PM
+                    if (!GetTimeOfN(dtfi, ref result, ref raw))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case DS.TX_NN:
+                    if (!GetTimeOfNN(dtfi, ref result, ref raw))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case DS.TX_NNN:
+                    if (!GetTimeOfNNN(dtfi, ref result, ref raw))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                    return false;
+            }
+            if (dps > DS.ERROR)
+            {
+                //
+                // We have reached a terminal state. Reset the raw num count.
+                //
+                raw.numCount = 0;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // A terminal state has been reached, call the appropriate function to fill in the parsing result.
+        // Return true if the state is a terminal state.
+        //
+        internal static Boolean ProcessTerminaltState(DS dps, ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeStyles styles, ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            bool passed = true;
+            switch (dps)
+            {
+                case DS.DX_NN:
+                    passed = GetDayOfNN(ref result, ref styles, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_NNN:
+                    passed = GetDayOfNNN(ref result, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_MN:
+                    passed = GetDayOfMN(ref result, ref styles, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_NM:
+                    passed = GetDayOfNM(ref result, ref styles, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_MNN:
+                    passed = GetDayOfMNN(ref result, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_DS:
+                    // The result has got the correct value. No need to process.
+                    passed = true;
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_YNN:
+                    passed = GetDayOfYNN(ref result, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_NNY:
+                    passed = GetDayOfNNY(ref result, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_YMN:
+                    passed = GetDayOfYMN(ref result, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_YN:
+                    passed = GetDayOfYN(ref result, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_YM:
+                    passed = GetDayOfYM(ref result, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+                case DS.TX_N:
+                    passed = GetTimeOfN(dtfi, ref result, ref raw);
+                    break;
+                case DS.TX_NN:
+                    passed = GetTimeOfNN(dtfi, ref result, ref raw);
+                    break;
+                case DS.TX_NNN:
+                    passed = GetTimeOfNNN(dtfi, ref result, ref raw);
+                    break;
+                case DS.TX_TS:
+                    // The result has got the correct value. Nothing to do.
+                    passed = true;
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_DSN:
+                    passed = GetDateOfDSN(ref result, ref raw);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_NDS:
+                    passed = GetDateOfNDS(ref result, ref raw);
+                    break;
+                case DS.DX_NNDS:
+                    passed = GetDateOfNNDS(ref result, ref raw, dtfi);
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            PTSTraceExit(dps, passed);
+            if (!passed)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (dps > DS.ERROR)
+            {
+                //
+                // We have reached a terminal state. Reset the raw num count.
+                //
+                raw.numCount = 0;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        internal static DateTime Parse(String s, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles styles)
+        {
+            DateTimeResult result = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            result.Init();
+            if (TryParse(s, dtfi, styles, ref result))
+            {
+                return result.parsedDate;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw GetDateTimeParseException(ref result);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static DateTime Parse(String s, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles styles, out TimeSpan offset)
+        {
+            DateTimeResult result = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            result.Init();
+            result.flags |= ParseFlags.CaptureOffset;
+            if (TryParse(s, dtfi, styles, ref result))
+            {
+                offset = result.timeZoneOffset;
+                return result.parsedDate;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw GetDateTimeParseException(ref result);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        internal static bool TryParse(String s, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles styles, out DateTime result)
+        {
+            result = DateTime.MinValue;
+            DateTimeResult resultData = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            resultData.Init();
+            if (TryParse(s, dtfi, styles, ref resultData))
+            {
+                result = resultData.parsedDate;
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        internal static bool TryParse(String s, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles styles, out DateTime result, out TimeSpan offset)
+        {
+            result = DateTime.MinValue;
+            offset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+            DateTimeResult parseResult = new DateTimeResult();       // The buffer to store the parsing result.
+            parseResult.Init();
+            parseResult.flags |= ParseFlags.CaptureOffset;
+            if (TryParse(s, dtfi, styles, ref parseResult))
+            {
+                result = parseResult.parsedDate;
+                offset = parseResult.timeZoneOffset;
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+
+        //
+        // This is the real method to do the parsing work.
+        //
+        internal static bool TryParse(String s, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, DateTimeStyles styles, ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            if (s == null)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.ArgumentNull, "ArgumentNull_String", null, nameof(s));
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (s.Length == 0)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Debug.Assert(dtfi != null, "dtfi == null");
+
+#if _LOGGING
+            DTFITrace(dtfi);
+#endif
+
+            DateTime time;
+            //
+            // First try the predefined format.
+            //
+
+            DS dps = DS.BEGIN;     // Date Parsing State.
+            bool reachTerminalState = false;
+
+            DateTimeToken dtok = new DateTimeToken();      // The buffer to store the parsing token.
+            dtok.suffix = TokenType.SEP_Unk;
+            DateTimeRawInfo raw = new DateTimeRawInfo();    // The buffer to store temporary parsing information.
+            unsafe
+            {
+                Int32* numberPointer = stackalloc Int32[3];
+                raw.Init(numberPointer);
+            }
+            raw.hasSameDateAndTimeSeparators = dtfi.DateSeparator.Equals(dtfi.TimeSeparator, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+            result.calendar = dtfi.Calendar;
+            result.era = Calendar.CurrentEra;
+
+            //
+            // The string to be parsed. Use a __DTString wrapper so that we can trace the index which
+            // indicates the begining of next token.
+            //
+            __DTString str = new __DTString(s, dtfi);
+
+            str.GetNext();
+
+            //
+            // The following loop will break out when we reach the end of the str.
+            //
+            do
+            {
+                //
+                // Call the lexer to get the next token.
+                //
+                // If we find a era in Lex(), the era value will be in raw.era.
+                if (!Lex(dps, ref str, ref dtok, ref raw, ref result, ref dtfi, styles))
+                {
+                    TPTraceExit("0000", dps);
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                //
+                // If the token is not unknown, process it.
+                // Otherwise, just discard it.
+                //
+                if (dtok.dtt != DTT.Unk)
+                {
+                    //
+                    // Check if we got any CJK Date/Time suffix.
+                    // Since the Date/Time suffix tells us the number belongs to year/month/day/hour/minute/second,
+                    // store the number in the appropriate field in the result.
+                    //
+                    if (dtok.suffix != TokenType.SEP_Unk)
+                    {
+                        if (!ProcessDateTimeSuffix(ref result, ref raw, ref dtok))
+                        {
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            TPTraceExit("0010", dps);
+                            return false;
+                        }
+
+                        dtok.suffix = TokenType.SEP_Unk;  // Reset suffix to SEP_Unk;
+                    }
+
+                    if (dtok.dtt == DTT.NumLocalTimeMark)
+                    {
+                        if (dps == DS.D_YNd || dps == DS.D_YN)
+                        {
+                            // Consider this as ISO 8601 format:
+                            // "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss"                 1999-10-31T02:00:00
+                            TPTraceExit("0020", dps);
+                            return (ParseISO8601(ref raw, ref str, styles, ref result));
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            TPTraceExit("0030", dps);
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (raw.hasSameDateAndTimeSeparators)
+                    {
+                        if (dtok.dtt == DTT.YearEnd || dtok.dtt == DTT.YearSpace || dtok.dtt == DTT.YearDateSep)
+                        {
+                            // When time and date separators are same and we are hitting a year number while the first parsed part of the string was recognized 
+                            // as part of time (and not a date) DS.T_Nt, DS.T_NNt then change the state to be a date so we try to parse it as a date instead
+                            if (dps == DS.T_Nt)
+                            {
+                                dps = DS.D_Nd;
+                            }
+                            if (dps == DS.T_NNt)
+                            {
+                                dps = DS.D_NNd;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        bool atEnd = str.AtEnd();
+                        if (dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)dtok.dtt] == DS.ERROR || atEnd)
+                        {
+                            switch (dtok.dtt)
+                            {
+                                // we have the case of Serbia have dates in forms 'd.M.yyyy.' so we can expect '.' after the date parts. 
+                                // changing the token to end with space instead of Date Separator will avoid failing the parsing.
+
+                                case DTT.YearDateSep: dtok.dtt = atEnd ? DTT.YearEnd : DTT.YearSpace; break;
+                                case DTT.NumDatesep: dtok.dtt = atEnd ? DTT.NumEnd : DTT.NumSpace; break;
+                                case DTT.NumTimesep: dtok.dtt = atEnd ? DTT.NumEnd : DTT.NumSpace; break;
+                                case DTT.MonthDatesep: dtok.dtt = atEnd ? DTT.MonthEnd : DTT.MonthSpace; break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    //
+                    // Advance to the next state, and continue
+                    //
+                    dps = dateParsingStates[(int)dps][(int)dtok.dtt];
+
+                    if (dps == DS.ERROR)
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        TPTraceExit("0040 (invalid state transition)", dps);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    else if (dps > DS.ERROR)
+                    {
+                        if ((dtfi.FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseHebrewRule) != 0)
+                        {
+                            if (!ProcessHebrewTerminalState(dps, ref result, ref styles, ref raw, dtfi))
+                            {
+                                TPTraceExit("0050 (ProcessHebrewTerminalState)", dps);
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (!ProcessTerminaltState(dps, ref result, ref styles, ref raw, dtfi))
+                            {
+                                TPTraceExit("0060 (ProcessTerminaltState)", dps);
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        reachTerminalState = true;
+
+                        //
+                        // If we have reached a terminal state, start over from DS.BEGIN again.
+                        // For example, when we parsed "1999-12-23 13:30", we will reach a terminal state at "1999-12-23",
+                        // and we start over so we can continue to parse "12:30".
+                        //
+                        dps = DS.BEGIN;
+                    }
+                }
+            } while (dtok.dtt != DTT.End && dtok.dtt != DTT.NumEnd && dtok.dtt != DTT.MonthEnd);
+
+            if (!reachTerminalState)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                TPTraceExit("0070 (did not reach terminal state)", dps);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            AdjustTimeMark(dtfi, ref raw);
+            if (!AdjustHour(ref result.Hour, raw.timeMark))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                TPTraceExit("0080 (AdjustHour)", dps);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Check if the parased string only contains hour/minute/second values.
+            bool bTimeOnly = (result.Year == -1 && result.Month == -1 && result.Day == -1);
+
+            //
+            // Check if any year/month/day is missing in the parsing string.
+            // If yes, get the default value from today's date.
+            //
+            if (!CheckDefaultDateTime(ref result, ref result.calendar, styles))
+            {
+                TPTraceExit("0090 (failed to fill in missing year/month/day defaults)", dps);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!result.calendar.TryToDateTime(result.Year, result.Month, result.Day,
+                    result.Hour, result.Minute, result.Second, 0, result.era, out time))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatBadDateTimeCalendar, "Format_BadDateTimeCalendar", null);
+                TPTraceExit("0100 (result.calendar.TryToDateTime)", dps);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (raw.fraction > 0)
+            {
+                time = time.AddTicks((long)Math.Round(raw.fraction * Calendar.TicksPerSecond));
+            }
+
+            //
+            // We have to check day of week before we adjust to the time zone.
+            // Otherwise, the value of day of week may change after adjustting to the time zone.
+            //
+            if (raw.dayOfWeek != -1)
+            {
+                //
+                // Check if day of week is correct.
+                //
+                if (raw.dayOfWeek != (int)result.calendar.GetDayOfWeek(time))
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDayOfWeek", null);
+                    TPTraceExit("0110 (dayOfWeek check)", dps);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            result.parsedDate = time;
+
+            if (!DetermineTimeZoneAdjustments(ref result, styles, bTimeOnly))
+            {
+                TPTraceExit("0120 (DetermineTimeZoneAdjustments)", dps);
+                return false;
+            }
+            TPTraceExit("0130 (success)", dps);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+
+        // Handles time zone adjustments and sets DateTimeKind values as required by the styles
+        private static Boolean DetermineTimeZoneAdjustments(ref DateTimeResult result, DateTimeStyles styles, Boolean bTimeOnly)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.CaptureOffset) != 0)
+            {
+                // This is a DateTimeOffset parse, so the offset will actually be captured directly, and 
+                // no adjustment is required in most cases
+                return DateTimeOffsetTimeZonePostProcessing(ref result, styles);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Int64 offsetTicks = result.timeZoneOffset.Ticks;
+
+                // the DateTime offset must be within +- 14:00 hours.
+                if (offsetTicks < DateTimeOffset.MinOffset || offsetTicks > DateTimeOffset.MaxOffset)
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_OffsetOutOfRange", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // The flags AssumeUniveral and AssumeLocal only apply when the input does not have a time zone
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) == 0)
+            {
+                // If AssumeLocal or AssumeLocal is used, there will always be a kind specified. As in the
+                // case when a time zone is present, it will default to being local unless AdjustToUniversal
+                // is present. These comparisons determine whether setting the kind is sufficient, or if a
+                // time zone adjustment is required. For consistentcy with the rest of parsing, it is desirable
+                // to fall through to the Adjust methods below, so that there is consist handling of boundary
+                // cases like wrapping around on time-only dates and temporarily allowing an adjusted date
+                // to exceed DateTime.MaxValue
+                if ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AssumeLocal) != 0)
+                {
+                    if ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal) != 0)
+                    {
+                        result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                        result.timeZoneOffset = TimeZoneInfo.GetLocalUtcOffset(result.parsedDate, TimeZoneInfoOptions.NoThrowOnInvalidTime);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result.parsedDate = DateTime.SpecifyKind(result.parsedDate, DateTimeKind.Local);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal) != 0)
+                {
+                    if ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal) != 0)
+                    {
+                        result.parsedDate = DateTime.SpecifyKind(result.parsedDate, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                        result.timeZoneOffset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // No time zone and no Assume flags, so DateTimeKind.Unspecified is fine
+                    Debug.Assert(result.parsedDate.Kind == DateTimeKind.Unspecified, "result.parsedDate.Kind == DateTimeKind.Unspecified");
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (((styles & DateTimeStyles.RoundtripKind) != 0) && ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUtc) != 0))
+            {
+                result.parsedDate = DateTime.SpecifyKind(result.parsedDate, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal) != 0)
+            {
+                return (AdjustTimeZoneToUniversal(ref result));
+            }
+            return (AdjustTimeZoneToLocal(ref result, bTimeOnly));
+        }
+
+        // Apply validation and adjustments specific to DateTimeOffset
+        private static Boolean DateTimeOffsetTimeZonePostProcessing(ref DateTimeResult result, DateTimeStyles styles)
+        {
+            // For DateTimeOffset, default to the Utc or Local offset when an offset was not specified by 
+            // the input string.
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) == 0)
+            {
+                if ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal) != 0)
+                {
+                    // AssumeUniversal causes the offset to default to zero (0)
+                    result.timeZoneOffset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // AssumeLocal causes the offset to default to Local.  This flag is on by default for DateTimeOffset.
+                    result.timeZoneOffset = TimeZoneInfo.GetLocalUtcOffset(result.parsedDate, TimeZoneInfoOptions.NoThrowOnInvalidTime);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Int64 offsetTicks = result.timeZoneOffset.Ticks;
+
+            // there should be no overflow, because the offset can be no more than -+100 hours and the date already
+            // fits within a DateTime.
+            Int64 utcTicks = result.parsedDate.Ticks - offsetTicks;
+
+            // For DateTimeOffset, both the parsed time and the corresponding UTC value must be within the boundaries
+            // of a DateTime instance.            
+            if (utcTicks < DateTime.MinTicks || utcTicks > DateTime.MaxTicks)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_UTCOutOfRange", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // the offset must be within +- 14:00 hours.
+            if (offsetTicks < DateTimeOffset.MinOffset || offsetTicks > DateTimeOffset.MaxOffset)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_OffsetOutOfRange", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // DateTimeOffset should still honor the AdjustToUniversal flag for consistency with DateTime. It means you
+            // want to return an adjusted UTC value, so store the utcTicks in the DateTime and set the offset to zero
+            if ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal) != 0)
+            {
+                if (((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) == 0) && ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal) == 0))
+                {
+                    // Handle the special case where the timeZoneOffset was defaulted to Local
+                    Boolean toUtcResult = AdjustTimeZoneToUniversal(ref result);
+                    result.timeZoneOffset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+                    return toUtcResult;
+                }
+
+                // The constructor should always succeed because of the range check earlier in the function
+                // Althought it is UTC, internally DateTimeOffset does not use this flag
+                result.parsedDate = new DateTime(utcTicks, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+                result.timeZoneOffset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+
+        //
+        // Adjust the specified time to universal time based on the supplied timezone.
+        // E.g. when parsing "2001/06/08 14:00-07:00",
+        // the time is 2001/06/08 14:00, and timeZoneOffset = -07:00.
+        // The result will be "2001/06/08 21:00"
+        //
+        private static Boolean AdjustTimeZoneToUniversal(ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            long resultTicks = result.parsedDate.Ticks;
+            resultTicks -= result.timeZoneOffset.Ticks;
+            if (resultTicks < 0)
+            {
+                resultTicks += Calendar.TicksPerDay;
+            }
+
+            if (resultTicks < DateTime.MinTicks || resultTicks > DateTime.MaxTicks)
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_DateOutOfRange", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            result.parsedDate = new DateTime(resultTicks, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Adjust the specified time to universal time based on the supplied timezone,
+        // and then convert to local time.
+        // E.g. when parsing "2001/06/08 14:00-04:00", and local timezone is GMT-7.
+        // the time is 2001/06/08 14:00, and timeZoneOffset = -05:00.
+        // The result will be "2001/06/08 11:00"
+        //
+        private static Boolean AdjustTimeZoneToLocal(ref DateTimeResult result, bool bTimeOnly)
+        {
+            long resultTicks = result.parsedDate.Ticks;
+            // Convert to local ticks
+            TimeZoneInfo tz = TimeZoneInfo.Local;
+            Boolean isAmbiguousLocalDst = false;
+            if (resultTicks < Calendar.TicksPerDay)
+            {
+                //
+                // This is time of day.
+                //
+
+                // Adjust timezone.
+                resultTicks -= result.timeZoneOffset.Ticks;
+                // If the time is time of day, use the current timezone offset.
+                resultTicks += tz.GetUtcOffset(bTimeOnly ? DateTime.Now : result.parsedDate, TimeZoneInfoOptions.NoThrowOnInvalidTime).Ticks;
+
+                if (resultTicks < 0)
+                {
+                    resultTicks += Calendar.TicksPerDay;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Adjust timezone to GMT.
+                resultTicks -= result.timeZoneOffset.Ticks;
+                if (resultTicks < DateTime.MinTicks || resultTicks > DateTime.MaxTicks)
+                {
+                    // If the result ticks is greater than DateTime.MaxValue, we can not create a DateTime from this ticks.
+                    // In this case, keep using the old code.
+                    resultTicks += tz.GetUtcOffset(result.parsedDate, TimeZoneInfoOptions.NoThrowOnInvalidTime).Ticks;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Convert the GMT time to local time.
+                    DateTime utcDt = new DateTime(resultTicks, DateTimeKind.Utc);
+                    Boolean isDaylightSavings = false;
+                    resultTicks += TimeZoneInfo.GetUtcOffsetFromUtc(utcDt, TimeZoneInfo.Local, out isDaylightSavings, out isAmbiguousLocalDst).Ticks;
+                }
+            }
+            if (resultTicks < DateTime.MinTicks || resultTicks > DateTime.MaxTicks)
+            {
+                result.parsedDate = DateTime.MinValue;
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_DateOutOfRange", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            result.parsedDate = new DateTime(resultTicks, DateTimeKind.Local, isAmbiguousLocalDst);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Parse the ISO8601 format string found during Parse();
+        //
+        //
+        private static bool ParseISO8601(ref DateTimeRawInfo raw, ref __DTString str, DateTimeStyles styles, ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            if (raw.year < 0 || raw.GetNumber(0) < 0 || raw.GetNumber(1) < 0)
+            {
+            }
+            str.Index--;
+            int hour, minute;
+            int second = 0;
+            double partSecond = 0;
+
+            str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+            if (!ParseDigits(ref str, 2, out hour))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+            if (!str.Match(':'))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+            if (!ParseDigits(ref str, 2, out minute))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+            if (str.Match(':'))
+            {
+                str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+                if (!ParseDigits(ref str, 2, out second))
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (str.Match('.'))
+                {
+                    if (!ParseFraction(ref str, out partSecond))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    str.Index--;
+                }
+                str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+            }
+            if (str.GetNext())
+            {
+                char ch = str.GetChar();
+                if (ch == '+' || ch == '-')
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                    if (!ParseTimeZone(ref str, ref result.timeZoneOffset))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (ch == 'Z' || ch == 'z')
+                {
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                    result.timeZoneOffset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUtc;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    str.Index--;
+                }
+                str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+                if (str.Match('#'))
+                {
+                    if (!VerifyValidPunctuation(ref str))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+                }
+                if (str.Match('\0'))
+                {
+                    if (!VerifyValidPunctuation(ref str))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (str.GetNext())
+                {
+                    // If this is true, there were non-white space characters remaining in the DateTime
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            DateTime time;
+            Calendar calendar = GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+            if (!calendar.TryToDateTime(raw.year, raw.GetNumber(0), raw.GetNumber(1),
+                    hour, minute, second, 0, result.era, out time))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatBadDateTimeCalendar, "Format_BadDateTimeCalendar", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            time = time.AddTicks((long)Math.Round(partSecond * Calendar.TicksPerSecond));
+            result.parsedDate = time;
+            if (!DetermineTimeZoneAdjustments(ref result, styles, false))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Actions:
+        //    Parse the current word as a Hebrew number.
+        //      This is used by DateTime.ParseExact().
+        //
+        ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        internal static bool MatchHebrewDigits(ref __DTString str, int digitLen, out int number)
+        {
+            number = 0;
+
+            // Create a context object so that we can parse the Hebrew number text character by character.
+            HebrewNumberParsingContext context = new HebrewNumberParsingContext(0);
+
+            // Set this to ContinueParsing so that we will run the following while loop in the first time.
+            HebrewNumberParsingState state = HebrewNumberParsingState.ContinueParsing;
+
+            while (state == HebrewNumberParsingState.ContinueParsing && str.GetNext())
+            {
+                state = HebrewNumber.ParseByChar(str.GetChar(), ref context);
+            }
+
+            if (state == HebrewNumberParsingState.FoundEndOfHebrewNumber)
+            {
+                // If we have reached a terminal state, update the result and returns.
+                number = context.result;
+                return (true);
+            }
+
+            // If we run out of the character before reaching FoundEndOfHebrewNumber, or
+            // the state is InvalidHebrewNumber or ContinueParsing, we fail to match a Hebrew number.
+            // Return an error.
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*=================================ParseDigits==================================
+        **Action: Parse the number string in __DTString that are formatted using
+        **        the following patterns:
+        **        "0", "00", and "000..0"
+        **Returns: the integer value
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **Exceptions: FormatException if error in parsing number.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        internal static bool ParseDigits(ref __DTString str, int digitLen, out int result)
+        {
+            if (digitLen == 1)
+            {
+                // 1 really means 1 or 2 for this call
+                return ParseDigits(ref str, 1, 2, out result);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return ParseDigits(ref str, digitLen, digitLen, out result);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static bool ParseDigits(ref __DTString str, int minDigitLen, int maxDigitLen, out int result)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(minDigitLen > 0, "minDigitLen > 0");
+            Debug.Assert(maxDigitLen < 9, "maxDigitLen < 9");
+            Debug.Assert(minDigitLen <= maxDigitLen, "minDigitLen <= maxDigitLen");
+            result = 0;
+            int startingIndex = str.Index;
+            int tokenLength = 0;
+            while (tokenLength < maxDigitLen)
+            {
+                if (!str.GetNextDigit())
+                {
+                    str.Index--;
+                    break;
+                }
+                result = result * 10 + str.GetDigit();
+                tokenLength++;
+            }
+            if (tokenLength < minDigitLen)
+            {
+                str.Index = startingIndex;
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /*=================================ParseFractionExact==================================
+        **Action: Parse the number string in __DTString that are formatted using
+        **        the following patterns:
+        **        "0", "00", and "000..0"
+        **Returns: the fraction value
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **Exceptions: FormatException if error in parsing number.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool ParseFractionExact(ref __DTString str, int maxDigitLen, ref double result)
+        {
+            if (!str.GetNextDigit())
+            {
+                str.Index--;
+                return false;
+            }
+            result = str.GetDigit();
+
+            int digitLen = 1;
+            for (; digitLen < maxDigitLen; digitLen++)
+            {
+                if (!str.GetNextDigit())
+                {
+                    str.Index--;
+                    break;
+                }
+                result = result * 10 + str.GetDigit();
+            }
+
+            result = ((double)result / Math.Pow(10, digitLen));
+            return (digitLen == maxDigitLen);
+        }
+
+        /*=================================ParseSign==================================
+        **Action: Parse a positive or a negative sign.
+        **Returns:      true if postive sign.  flase if negative sign.
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **Exceptions:   FormatException if end of string is encountered or a sign
+        **              symbol is not found.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool ParseSign(ref __DTString str, ref bool result)
+        {
+            if (!str.GetNext())
+            {
+                // A sign symbol ('+' or '-') is expected. However, end of string is encountered.
+                return false;
+            }
+            char ch = str.GetChar();
+            if (ch == '+')
+            {
+                result = true;
+                return (true);
+            }
+            else if (ch == '-')
+            {
+                result = false;
+                return (true);
+            }
+            // A sign symbol ('+' or '-') is expected.
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*=================================ParseTimeZoneOffset==================================
+        **Action: Parse the string formatted using "z", "zz", "zzz" in DateTime.Format().
+        **Returns: the TimeSpan for the parsed timezone offset.
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **              len: the repeated number of the "z"
+        **Exceptions: FormatException if errors in parsing.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool ParseTimeZoneOffset(ref __DTString str, int len, ref TimeSpan result)
+        {
+            bool isPositive = true;
+            int hourOffset;
+            int minuteOffset = 0;
+
+            switch (len)
+            {
+                case 1:
+                case 2:
+                    if (!ParseSign(ref str, ref isPositive))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    if (!ParseDigits(ref str, len, out hourOffset))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    if (!ParseSign(ref str, ref isPositive))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+
+                    // Parsing 1 digit will actually parse 1 or 2.
+                    if (!ParseDigits(ref str, 1, out hourOffset))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    // ':' is optional.
+                    if (str.Match(":"))
+                    {
+                        // Found ':'
+                        if (!ParseDigits(ref str, 2, out minuteOffset))
+                        {
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Since we can not match ':', put the char back.
+                        str.Index--;
+                        if (!ParseDigits(ref str, 2, out minuteOffset))
+                        {
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+            if (minuteOffset < 0 || minuteOffset >= 60)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            result = (new TimeSpan(hourOffset, minuteOffset, 0));
+            if (!isPositive)
+            {
+                result = result.Negate();
+            }
+            return (true);
+        }
+
+        /*=================================MatchAbbreviatedMonthName==================================
+        **Action: Parse the abbreviated month name from string starting at str.Index.
+        **Returns: A value from 1 to 12 for the first month to the twelveth month.
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **Exceptions: FormatException if an abbreviated month name can not be found.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool MatchAbbreviatedMonthName(ref __DTString str, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref int result)
+        {
+            int maxMatchStrLen = 0;
+            result = -1;
+            if (str.GetNext())
+            {
+                //
+                // Scan the month names (note that some calendars has 13 months) and find
+                // the matching month name which has the max string length.
+                // We need to do this because some cultures (e.g. "cs-CZ") which have
+                // abbreviated month names with the same prefix.
+                //
+                int monthsInYear = (dtfi.GetMonthName(13).Length == 0 ? 12 : 13);
+                for (int i = 1; i <= monthsInYear; i++)
+                {
+                    String searchStr = dtfi.GetAbbreviatedMonthName(i);
+                    int matchStrLen = searchStr.Length;
+                    if (dtfi.HasSpacesInMonthNames
+                            ? str.MatchSpecifiedWords(searchStr, false, ref matchStrLen)
+                            : str.MatchSpecifiedWord(searchStr))
+                    {
+                        if (matchStrLen > maxMatchStrLen)
+                        {
+                            maxMatchStrLen = matchStrLen;
+                            result = i;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Search leap year form.
+                if ((dtfi.FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseLeapYearMonth) != 0)
+                {
+                    int tempResult = str.MatchLongestWords(dtfi.internalGetLeapYearMonthNames(), ref maxMatchStrLen);
+                    // We found a longer match in the leap year month name.  Use this as the result.
+                    // The result from MatchLongestWords is 0 ~ length of word array.
+                    // So we increment the result by one to become the month value.
+                    if (tempResult >= 0)
+                    {
+                        result = tempResult + 1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (result > 0)
+            {
+                str.Index += (maxMatchStrLen - 1);
+                return (true);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*=================================MatchMonthName==================================
+        **Action: Parse the month name from string starting at str.Index.
+        **Returns: A value from 1 to 12 indicating the first month to the twelveth month.
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **Exceptions: FormatException if a month name can not be found.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool MatchMonthName(ref __DTString str, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref int result)
+        {
+            int maxMatchStrLen = 0;
+            result = -1;
+            if (str.GetNext())
+            {
+                //
+                // Scan the month names (note that some calendars has 13 months) and find
+                // the matching month name which has the max string length.
+                // We need to do this because some cultures (e.g. "vi-VN") which have
+                // month names with the same prefix.
+                //
+                int monthsInYear = (dtfi.GetMonthName(13).Length == 0 ? 12 : 13);
+                for (int i = 1; i <= monthsInYear; i++)
+                {
+                    String searchStr = dtfi.GetMonthName(i);
+                    int matchStrLen = searchStr.Length;
+                    if (dtfi.HasSpacesInMonthNames
+                            ? str.MatchSpecifiedWords(searchStr, false, ref matchStrLen)
+                            : str.MatchSpecifiedWord(searchStr))
+                    {
+                        if (matchStrLen > maxMatchStrLen)
+                        {
+                            maxMatchStrLen = matchStrLen;
+                            result = i;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Search genitive form.
+                if ((dtfi.FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseGenitiveMonth) != 0)
+                {
+                    int tempResult = str.MatchLongestWords(dtfi.MonthGenitiveNames, ref maxMatchStrLen);
+                    // We found a longer match in the genitive month name.  Use this as the result.
+                    // The result from MatchLongestWords is 0 ~ length of word array.
+                    // So we increment the result by one to become the month value.
+                    if (tempResult >= 0)
+                    {
+                        result = tempResult + 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Search leap year form.
+                if ((dtfi.FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseLeapYearMonth) != 0)
+                {
+                    int tempResult = str.MatchLongestWords(dtfi.internalGetLeapYearMonthNames(), ref maxMatchStrLen);
+                    // We found a longer match in the leap year month name.  Use this as the result.
+                    // The result from MatchLongestWords is 0 ~ length of word array.
+                    // So we increment the result by one to become the month value.
+                    if (tempResult >= 0)
+                    {
+                        result = tempResult + 1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (result > 0)
+            {
+                str.Index += (maxMatchStrLen - 1);
+                return (true);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*=================================MatchAbbreviatedDayName==================================
+        **Action: Parse the abbreviated day of week name from string starting at str.Index.
+        **Returns: A value from 0 to 6 indicating Sunday to Saturday.
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **Exceptions: FormatException if a abbreviated day of week name can not be found.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool MatchAbbreviatedDayName(ref __DTString str, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref int result)
+        {
+            int maxMatchStrLen = 0;
+            result = -1;
+            if (str.GetNext())
+            {
+                for (DayOfWeek i = DayOfWeek.Sunday; i <= DayOfWeek.Saturday; i++)
+                {
+                    String searchStr = dtfi.GetAbbreviatedDayName(i);
+                    int matchStrLen = searchStr.Length;
+                    if (dtfi.HasSpacesInDayNames
+                            ? str.MatchSpecifiedWords(searchStr, false, ref matchStrLen)
+                            : str.MatchSpecifiedWord(searchStr))
+                    {
+                        if (matchStrLen > maxMatchStrLen)
+                        {
+                            maxMatchStrLen = matchStrLen;
+                            result = (int)i;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (result >= 0)
+            {
+                str.Index += maxMatchStrLen - 1;
+                return (true);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*=================================MatchDayName==================================
+        **Action: Parse the day of week name from string starting at str.Index.
+        **Returns: A value from 0 to 6 indicating Sunday to Saturday.
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **Exceptions: FormatException if a day of week name can not be found.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool MatchDayName(ref __DTString str, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref int result)
+        {
+            // Turkish (tr-TR) got day names with the same prefix.
+            int maxMatchStrLen = 0;
+            result = -1;
+            if (str.GetNext())
+            {
+                for (DayOfWeek i = DayOfWeek.Sunday; i <= DayOfWeek.Saturday; i++)
+                {
+                    String searchStr = dtfi.GetDayName(i);
+                    int matchStrLen = searchStr.Length;
+                    if (dtfi.HasSpacesInDayNames
+                            ? str.MatchSpecifiedWords(searchStr, false, ref matchStrLen)
+                            : str.MatchSpecifiedWord(searchStr))
+                    {
+                        if (matchStrLen > maxMatchStrLen)
+                        {
+                            maxMatchStrLen = matchStrLen;
+                            result = (int)i;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (result >= 0)
+            {
+                str.Index += maxMatchStrLen - 1;
+                return (true);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*=================================MatchEraName==================================
+        **Action: Parse era name from string starting at str.Index.
+        **Returns: An era value.
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **Exceptions: FormatException if an era name can not be found.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool MatchEraName(ref __DTString str, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref int result)
+        {
+            if (str.GetNext())
+            {
+                int[] eras = dtfi.Calendar.Eras;
+
+                if (eras != null)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < eras.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        String searchStr = dtfi.GetEraName(eras[i]);
+                        if (str.MatchSpecifiedWord(searchStr))
+                        {
+                            str.Index += (searchStr.Length - 1);
+                            result = eras[i];
+                            return (true);
+                        }
+                        searchStr = dtfi.GetAbbreviatedEraName(eras[i]);
+                        if (str.MatchSpecifiedWord(searchStr))
+                        {
+                            str.Index += (searchStr.Length - 1);
+                            result = eras[i];
+                            return (true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*=================================MatchTimeMark==================================
+        **Action: Parse the time mark (AM/PM) from string starting at str.Index.
+        **Returns: TM_AM or TM_PM.
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **Exceptions: FormatException if a time mark can not be found.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool MatchTimeMark(ref __DTString str, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref TM result)
+        {
+            result = TM.NotSet;
+            // In some cultures have empty strings in AM/PM mark. E.g. af-ZA (0x0436), the AM mark is "", and PM mark is "nm".
+            if (dtfi.AMDesignator.Length == 0)
+            {
+                result = TM.AM;
+            }
+            if (dtfi.PMDesignator.Length == 0)
+            {
+                result = TM.PM;
+            }
+
+            if (str.GetNext())
+            {
+                String searchStr = dtfi.AMDesignator;
+                if (searchStr.Length > 0)
+                {
+                    if (str.MatchSpecifiedWord(searchStr))
+                    {
+                        // Found an AM timemark with length > 0.
+                        str.Index += (searchStr.Length - 1);
+                        result = TM.AM;
+                        return (true);
+                    }
+                }
+                searchStr = dtfi.PMDesignator;
+                if (searchStr.Length > 0)
+                {
+                    if (str.MatchSpecifiedWord(searchStr))
+                    {
+                        // Found a PM timemark with length > 0.
+                        str.Index += (searchStr.Length - 1);
+                        result = TM.PM;
+                        return (true);
+                    }
+                }
+                str.Index--; // Undo the GetNext call.
+            }
+            if (result != TM.NotSet)
+            {
+                // If one of the AM/PM marks is empty string, return the result.
+                return (true);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*=================================MatchAbbreviatedTimeMark==================================
+        **Action: Parse the abbreviated time mark (AM/PM) from string starting at str.Index.
+        **Returns: TM_AM or TM_PM.
+        **Arguments:    str: a __DTString.  The parsing will start from the
+        **              next character after str.Index.
+        **Exceptions: FormatException if a abbreviated time mark can not be found.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool MatchAbbreviatedTimeMark(ref __DTString str, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref TM result)
+        {
+            // NOTENOTE : the assumption here is that abbreviated time mark is the first
+            // character of the AM/PM designator.  If this invariant changes, we have to
+            // change the code below.
+            if (str.GetNext())
+            {
+                if (str.GetChar() == dtfi.AMDesignator[0])
+                {
+                    result = TM.AM;
+                    return (true);
+                }
+                if (str.GetChar() == dtfi.PMDesignator[0])
+                {
+                    result = TM.PM;
+                    return (true);
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*=================================CheckNewValue==================================
+        **Action: Check if currentValue is initialized.  If not, return the newValue.
+        **        If yes, check if the current value is equal to newValue.  Return false
+        **        if they are not equal.  This is used to check the case like "d" and "dd" are both
+        **        used to format a string.
+        **Returns: the correct value for currentValue.
+        **Arguments:
+        **Exceptions:
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool CheckNewValue(ref int currentValue, int newValue, char patternChar, ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            if (currentValue == -1)
+            {
+                currentValue = newValue;
+                return (true);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (newValue != currentValue)
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_RepeatDateTimePattern", patternChar);
+                    return (false);
+                }
+            }
+            return (true);
+        }
+
+        private static DateTime GetDateTimeNow(ref DateTimeResult result, ref DateTimeStyles styles)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.CaptureOffset) != 0)
+            {
+                if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) != 0)
+                {
+                    // use the supplied offset to calculate 'Now'
+                    return new DateTime(DateTime.UtcNow.Ticks + result.timeZoneOffset.Ticks, DateTimeKind.Unspecified);
+                }
+                else if ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal) != 0)
+                {
+                    // assume the offset is Utc
+                    return DateTime.UtcNow;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // assume the offset is Local            
+            return DateTime.Now;
+        }
+
+        private static bool CheckDefaultDateTime(ref DateTimeResult result, ref Calendar cal, DateTimeStyles styles)
+        {
+            if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.CaptureOffset) != 0)
+            {
+                // DateTimeOffset.Parse should allow dates without a year, but only if there is also no time zone marker;
+                // e.g. "May 1 5pm" is OK, but "May 1 5pm -08:30" is not.  This is somewhat pragmatic, since we would
+                // have to rearchitect parsing completely to allow this one case to correctly handle things like leap
+                // years and leap months.  Is is an extremely corner case, and DateTime is basically incorrect in that
+                // case today.
+                //
+                // values like "11:00Z" or "11:00 -3:00" are also acceptable
+                //
+                // if ((month or day is set) and (year is not set and time zone is set))
+                //
+                if (((result.Month != -1) || (result.Day != -1))
+                    && ((result.Year == -1 || ((result.flags & ParseFlags.YearDefault) != 0)) && (result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) != 0))
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_MissingIncompleteDate", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+
+            if ((result.Year == -1) || (result.Month == -1) || (result.Day == -1))
+            {
+                /*
+                The following table describes the behaviors of getting the default value
+                when a certain year/month/day values are missing.
+
+                An "X" means that the value exists.  And "--" means that value is missing.
+
+                Year    Month   Day =>  ResultYear  ResultMonth     ResultDay       Note
+
+                X       X       X       Parsed year Parsed month    Parsed day
+                X       X       --      Parsed Year Parsed month    First day       If we have year and month, assume the first day of that month.
+                X       --      X       Parsed year First month     Parsed day      If the month is missing, assume first month of that year.
+                X       --      --      Parsed year First month     First day       If we have only the year, assume the first day of that year.
+
+                --      X       X       CurrentYear Parsed month    Parsed day      If the year is missing, assume the current year.
+                --      X       --      CurrentYear Parsed month    First day       If we have only a month value, assume the current year and current day.
+                --      --      X       CurrentYear First month     Parsed day      If we have only a day value, assume current year and first month.
+                --      --      --      CurrentYear Current month   Current day     So this means that if the date string only contains time, you will get current date.
+
+                */
+
+                DateTime now = GetDateTimeNow(ref result, ref styles);
+                if (result.Month == -1 && result.Day == -1)
+                {
+                    if (result.Year == -1)
+                    {
+                        if ((styles & DateTimeStyles.NoCurrentDateDefault) != 0)
+                        {
+                            // If there is no year/month/day values, and NoCurrentDateDefault flag is used,
+                            // set the year/month/day value to the beginning year/month/day of DateTime().
+                            // Note we should be using Gregorian for the year/month/day.
+                            cal = GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                            result.Year = result.Month = result.Day = 1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            // Year/Month/Day are all missing.
+                            result.Year = cal.GetYear(now);
+                            result.Month = cal.GetMonth(now);
+                            result.Day = cal.GetDayOfMonth(now);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Month/Day are both missing.
+                        result.Month = 1;
+                        result.Day = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (result.Year == -1)
+                    {
+                        result.Year = cal.GetYear(now);
+                    }
+                    if (result.Month == -1)
+                    {
+                        result.Month = 1;
+                    }
+                    if (result.Day == -1)
+                    {
+                        result.Day = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // Set Hour/Minute/Second to zero if these value are not in str.
+            if (result.Hour == -1) result.Hour = 0;
+            if (result.Minute == -1) result.Minute = 0;
+            if (result.Second == -1) result.Second = 0;
+            if (result.era == -1) result.era = Calendar.CurrentEra;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Expand a pre-defined format string (like "D" for long date) to the real format that
+        // we are going to use in the date time parsing.
+        // This method also set the dtfi according/parseInfo to some special pre-defined
+        // formats.
+        //
+        private static String ExpandPredefinedFormat(String format, ref DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, ref ParsingInfo parseInfo, ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            //
+            // Check the format to see if we need to override the dtfi to be InvariantInfo,
+            // and see if we need to set up the userUniversalTime flag.
+            //
+            switch (format[0])
+            {
+                case 'o':
+                case 'O':       // Round Trip Format
+                    parseInfo.calendar = GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                    dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo;
+                    break;
+                case 'r':
+                case 'R':       // RFC 1123 Standard.  (in Universal time)
+                    parseInfo.calendar = GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                    dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo;
+
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.CaptureOffset) != 0)
+                    {
+                        result.flags |= ParseFlags.Rfc1123Pattern;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 's':       // Sortable format (in local time)
+                    dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo;
+                    parseInfo.calendar = GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                    break;
+                case 'u':       // Universal time format in sortable format.
+                    parseInfo.calendar = GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                    dtfi = DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo;
+
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.CaptureOffset) != 0)
+                    {
+                        result.flags |= ParseFlags.UtcSortPattern;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'U':       // Universal time format with culture-dependent format.
+                    parseInfo.calendar = GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                    result.timeZoneOffset = new TimeSpan(0);
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUtc;
+                    if (dtfi.Calendar.GetType() != typeof(GregorianCalendar))
+                    {
+                        dtfi = (DateTimeFormatInfo)dtfi.Clone();
+                        dtfi.Calendar = GregorianCalendar.GetDefaultInstance();
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            //
+            // Expand the pre-defined format character to the real format from DateTimeFormatInfo.
+            //
+            return (DateTimeFormat.GetRealFormat(format, dtfi));
+        }
+
+
+
+
+
+        // Given a specified format character, parse and update the parsing result.
+        //
+        private static bool ParseByFormat(
+            ref __DTString str,
+            ref __DTString format,
+            ref ParsingInfo parseInfo,
+            DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi,
+            ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            int tokenLen = 0;
+            int tempYear = 0, tempMonth = 0, tempDay = 0, tempDayOfWeek = 0, tempHour = 0, tempMinute = 0, tempSecond = 0;
+            double tempFraction = 0;
+            TM tempTimeMark = 0;
+
+            char ch = format.GetChar();
+
+            switch (ch)
+            {
+                case 'y':
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    bool parseResult;
+                    if (dtfi.HasForceTwoDigitYears)
+                    {
+                        parseResult = ParseDigits(ref str, 1, 4, out tempYear);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (tokenLen <= 2)
+                        {
+                            parseInfo.fUseTwoDigitYear = true;
+                        }
+                        parseResult = ParseDigits(ref str, tokenLen, out tempYear);
+                    }
+                    if (!parseResult && parseInfo.fCustomNumberParser)
+                    {
+                        parseResult = parseInfo.parseNumberDelegate(ref str, tokenLen, out tempYear);
+                    }
+                    if (!parseResult)
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    if (!CheckNewValue(ref result.Year, tempYear, ch, ref result))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'M':
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    if (tokenLen <= 2)
+                    {
+                        if (!ParseDigits(ref str, tokenLen, out tempMonth))
+                        {
+                            if (!parseInfo.fCustomNumberParser ||
+                                !parseInfo.parseNumberDelegate(ref str, tokenLen, out tempMonth))
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                return (false);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (tokenLen == 3)
+                        {
+                            if (!MatchAbbreviatedMonthName(ref str, dtfi, ref tempMonth))
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                return (false);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (!MatchMonthName(ref str, dtfi, ref tempMonth))
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                return (false);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        result.flags |= ParseFlags.ParsedMonthName;
+                    }
+                    if (!CheckNewValue(ref result.Month, tempMonth, ch, ref result))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'd':
+                    // Day & Day of week
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    if (tokenLen <= 2)
+                    {
+                        // "d" & "dd"
+
+                        if (!ParseDigits(ref str, tokenLen, out tempDay))
+                        {
+                            if (!parseInfo.fCustomNumberParser ||
+                                !parseInfo.parseNumberDelegate(ref str, tokenLen, out tempDay))
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                return (false);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (!CheckNewValue(ref result.Day, tempDay, ch, ref result))
+                        {
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (tokenLen == 3)
+                        {
+                            // "ddd"
+                            if (!MatchAbbreviatedDayName(ref str, dtfi, ref tempDayOfWeek))
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                return (false);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            // "dddd*"
+                            if (!MatchDayName(ref str, dtfi, ref tempDayOfWeek))
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                return (false);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (!CheckNewValue(ref parseInfo.dayOfWeek, tempDayOfWeek, ch, ref result))
+                        {
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'g':
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    // Put the era value in result.era.
+                    if (!MatchEraName(ref str, dtfi, ref result.era))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'h':
+                    parseInfo.fUseHour12 = true;
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    if (!ParseDigits(ref str, (tokenLen < 2 ? 1 : 2), out tempHour))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    if (!CheckNewValue(ref result.Hour, tempHour, ch, ref result))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'H':
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    if (!ParseDigits(ref str, (tokenLen < 2 ? 1 : 2), out tempHour))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    if (!CheckNewValue(ref result.Hour, tempHour, ch, ref result))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'm':
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    if (!ParseDigits(ref str, (tokenLen < 2 ? 1 : 2), out tempMinute))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    if (!CheckNewValue(ref result.Minute, tempMinute, ch, ref result))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 's':
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    if (!ParseDigits(ref str, (tokenLen < 2 ? 1 : 2), out tempSecond))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    if (!CheckNewValue(ref result.Second, tempSecond, ch, ref result))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'f':
+                case 'F':
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    if (tokenLen <= DateTimeFormat.MaxSecondsFractionDigits)
+                    {
+                        if (!ParseFractionExact(ref str, tokenLen, ref tempFraction))
+                        {
+                            if (ch == 'f')
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                return (false);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (result.fraction < 0)
+                        {
+                            result.fraction = tempFraction;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (tempFraction != result.fraction)
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_RepeatDateTimePattern", ch);
+                                return (false);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 't':
+                    // AM/PM designator
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    if (tokenLen == 1)
+                    {
+                        if (!MatchAbbreviatedTimeMark(ref str, dtfi, ref tempTimeMark))
+                        {
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (!MatchTimeMark(ref str, dtfi, ref tempTimeMark))
+                        {
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (parseInfo.timeMark == TM.NotSet)
+                    {
+                        parseInfo.timeMark = tempTimeMark;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (parseInfo.timeMark != tempTimeMark)
+                        {
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_RepeatDateTimePattern", ch);
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'z':
+                    // timezone offset
+                    tokenLen = format.GetRepeatCount();
+                    {
+                        TimeSpan tempTimeZoneOffset = new TimeSpan(0);
+                        if (!ParseTimeZoneOffset(ref str, tokenLen, ref tempTimeZoneOffset))
+                        {
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                        if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) != 0 && tempTimeZoneOffset != result.timeZoneOffset)
+                        {
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_RepeatDateTimePattern", 'z');
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                        result.timeZoneOffset = tempTimeZoneOffset;
+                        result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'Z':
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) != 0 && result.timeZoneOffset != TimeSpan.Zero)
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_RepeatDateTimePattern", 'Z');
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                    result.timeZoneOffset = new TimeSpan(0);
+                    result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUtc;
+
+                    // The updating of the indexes is to reflect that ParseExact MatchXXX methods assume that
+                    // they need to increment the index and Parse GetXXX do not. Since we are calling a Parse
+                    // method from inside ParseExact we need to adjust this. Long term, we should try to
+                    // eliminate this discrepancy.
+                    str.Index++;
+                    if (!GetTimeZoneName(ref str))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    str.Index--;
+                    break;
+                case 'K':
+                    // This should parse either as a blank, the 'Z' character or a local offset like "-07:00"
+                    if (str.Match('Z'))
+                    {
+                        if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) != 0 && result.timeZoneOffset != TimeSpan.Zero)
+                        {
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_RepeatDateTimePattern", 'K');
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+
+                        result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                        result.timeZoneOffset = new TimeSpan(0);
+                        result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUtc;
+                    }
+                    else if (str.Match('+') || str.Match('-'))
+                    {
+                        str.Index--; // Put the character back for the parser
+                        TimeSpan tempTimeZoneOffset = new TimeSpan(0);
+                        if (!ParseTimeZoneOffset(ref str, 3, ref tempTimeZoneOffset))
+                        {
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                        if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed) != 0 && tempTimeZoneOffset != result.timeZoneOffset)
+                        {
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_RepeatDateTimePattern", 'K');
+                            return (false);
+                        }
+                        result.timeZoneOffset = tempTimeZoneOffset;
+                        result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                    }
+                    // Otherwise it is unspecified and we consume no characters
+                    break;
+                case ':':
+                    // We match the separator in time pattern with the character in the time string if both equal to ':' or the date separator is matching the characters in the date string
+                    // We have to exclude the case when the time separator is more than one character and starts with ':' something like "::" for instance.
+                    if (((dtfi.TimeSeparator.Length > 1 && dtfi.TimeSeparator[0] == ':') || !str.Match(':')) &&
+                        !str.Match(dtfi.TimeSeparator))
+                    {
+                        // A time separator is expected.
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case '/':
+                    // We match the separator in date pattern with the character in the date string if both equal to '/' or the date separator is matching the characters in the date string
+                    // We have to exclude the case when the date separator is more than one character and starts with '/' something like "//" for instance.
+                    if (((dtfi.DateSeparator.Length > 1 && dtfi.DateSeparator[0] == '/') || !str.Match('/')) &&
+                        !str.Match(dtfi.DateSeparator))
+                    {
+                        // A date separator is expected.
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case '\"':
+                case '\'':
+                    StringBuilder enquotedString = new StringBuilder();
+                    // Use ParseQuoteString so that we can handle escape characters within the quoted string.
+                    if (!TryParseQuoteString(format.Value, format.Index, enquotedString, out tokenLen))
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter, "Format_BadQuote", ch);
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                    format.Index += tokenLen - 1;
+
+                    // Some cultures uses space in the quoted string.  E.g. Spanish has long date format as:
+                    // "dddd, dd' de 'MMMM' de 'yyyy".  When inner spaces flag is set, we should skip whitespaces if there is space
+                    // in the quoted string.
+                    String quotedStr = enquotedString.ToString();
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < quotedStr.Length; i++)
+                    {
+                        if (quotedStr[i] == ' ' && parseInfo.fAllowInnerWhite)
+                        {
+                            str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+                        }
+                        else if (!str.Match(quotedStr[i]))
+                        {
+                            // Can not find the matching quoted string.
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // The "r" and "u" formats incorrectly quoted 'GMT' and 'Z', respectively.  We cannot
+                    // correct this mistake for DateTime.ParseExact for compatibility reasons, but we can 
+                    // fix it for DateTimeOffset.ParseExact as DateTimeOffset has not been publically released
+                    // with this issue.
+                    if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.CaptureOffset) != 0)
+                    {
+                        if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.Rfc1123Pattern) != 0 && quotedStr == GMTName)
+                        {
+                            result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                            result.timeZoneOffset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+                        }
+                        else if ((result.flags & ParseFlags.UtcSortPattern) != 0 && quotedStr == ZuluName)
+                        {
+                            result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                            result.timeZoneOffset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case '%':
+                    // Skip this so we can get to the next pattern character.
+                    // Used in case like "%d", "%y"
+
+                    // Make sure the next character is not a '%' again.
+                    if (format.Index >= format.Value.Length - 1 || format.Value[format.Index + 1] == '%')
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadFormatSpecifier", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case '\\':
+                    // Escape character. For example, "\d".
+                    // Get the next character in format, and see if we can
+                    // find a match in str.
+                    if (format.GetNext())
+                    {
+                        if (!str.Match(format.GetChar()))
+                        {
+                            // Can not find a match for the escaped character.
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadFormatSpecifier", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case '.':
+                    if (!str.Match(ch))
+                    {
+                        if (format.GetNext())
+                        {
+                            // If we encounter the pattern ".F", and the dot is not present, it is an optional
+                            // second fraction and we can skip this format.
+                            if (format.Match('F'))
+                            {
+                                format.GetRepeatCount();
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    if (ch == ' ')
+                    {
+                        if (parseInfo.fAllowInnerWhite)
+                        {
+                            // Skip whitespaces if AllowInnerWhite.
+                            // Do nothing here.
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (!str.Match(ch))
+                            {
+                                // If the space does not match, and trailing space is allowed, we do
+                                // one more step to see if the next format character can lead to
+                                // successful parsing.
+                                // This is used to deal with special case that a empty string can match
+                                // a specific pattern.
+                                // The example here is af-ZA, which has a time format like "hh:mm:ss tt".  However,
+                                // its AM symbol is "" (empty string).  If fAllowTrailingWhite is used, and time is in
+                                // the AM, we will trim the whitespaces at the end, which will lead to a failure
+                                // when we are trying to match the space before "tt".
+                                if (parseInfo.fAllowTrailingWhite)
+                                {
+                                    if (format.GetNext())
+                                    {
+                                        if (ParseByFormat(ref str, ref format, ref parseInfo, dtfi, ref result))
+                                        {
+                                            return (true);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            // Found a macth.
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (format.MatchSpecifiedWord(GMTName))
+                        {
+                            format.Index += (GMTName.Length - 1);
+                            // Found GMT string in format.  This means the DateTime string
+                            // is in GMT timezone.
+                            result.flags |= ParseFlags.TimeZoneUsed;
+                            result.timeZoneOffset = TimeSpan.Zero;
+                            if (!str.Match(GMTName))
+                            {
+                                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else if (!str.Match(ch))
+                        {
+                            // ch is expected.
+                            result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+            } // switch
+            return (true);
+        }
+
+        //
+        // The pos should point to a quote character. This method will
+        // get the string enclosed by the quote character.
+        //
+        internal static bool TryParseQuoteString(String format, int pos, StringBuilder result, out int returnValue)
+        {
+            //
+            // NOTE : pos will be the index of the quote character in the 'format' string.
+            //
+            returnValue = 0;
+            int formatLen = format.Length;
+            int beginPos = pos;
+            char quoteChar = format[pos++]; // Get the character used to quote the following string.
+
+            bool foundQuote = false;
+            while (pos < formatLen)
+            {
+                char ch = format[pos++];
+                if (ch == quoteChar)
+                {
+                    foundQuote = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                else if (ch == '\\')
+                {
+                    // The following are used to support escaped character.
+                    // Escaped character is also supported in the quoted string.
+                    // Therefore, someone can use a format like "'minute:' mm\"" to display:
+                    //  minute: 45"
+                    // because the second double quote is escaped.
+                    if (pos < formatLen)
+                    {
+                        result.Append(format[pos++]);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        //
+                        // This means that '\' is at the end of the formatting string.
+                        //
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result.Append(ch);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!foundQuote)
+            {
+                // Here we can't find the matching quote.
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            //
+            // Return the character count including the begin/end quote characters and enclosed string.
+            //
+            returnValue = (pos - beginPos);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+
+
+
+        /*=================================DoStrictParse==================================
+        **Action: Do DateTime parsing using the format in formatParam.
+        **Returns: The parsed DateTime.
+        **Arguments:
+        **Exceptions:
+        **
+        **Notes:
+        **  When the following general formats are used, InvariantInfo is used in dtfi:
+        **      'r', 'R', 's'.
+        **  When the following general formats are used, the time is assumed to be in Universal time.
+        **
+        **Limitations:
+        **  Only GregarianCalendar is supported for now.
+        **  Only support GMT timezone.
+        ==============================================================================*/
+
+        private static bool DoStrictParse(
+            String s,
+            String formatParam,
+            DateTimeStyles styles,
+            DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi,
+            ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            ParsingInfo parseInfo = new ParsingInfo();
+            parseInfo.Init();
+
+            parseInfo.calendar = dtfi.Calendar;
+            parseInfo.fAllowInnerWhite = ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AllowInnerWhite) != 0);
+            parseInfo.fAllowTrailingWhite = ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AllowTrailingWhite) != 0);
+
+            // We need the original values of the following two below.
+            String originalFormat = formatParam;
+
+            if (formatParam.Length == 1)
+            {
+                if (((result.flags & ParseFlags.CaptureOffset) != 0) && formatParam[0] == 'U')
+                {
+                    // The 'U' format is not allowed for DateTimeOffset
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadFormatSpecifier", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                formatParam = ExpandPredefinedFormat(formatParam, ref dtfi, ref parseInfo, ref result);
+            }
+
+            bool bTimeOnly = false;
+            result.calendar = parseInfo.calendar;
+
+            if (parseInfo.calendar.ID == CalendarId.HEBREW)
+            {
+                parseInfo.parseNumberDelegate = m_hebrewNumberParser;
+                parseInfo.fCustomNumberParser = true;
+            }
+
+            // Reset these values to negative one so that we could throw exception
+            // if we have parsed every item twice.
+            result.Hour = result.Minute = result.Second = -1;
+
+            __DTString format = new __DTString(formatParam, dtfi, false);
+            __DTString str = new __DTString(s, dtfi, false);
+
+            if (parseInfo.fAllowTrailingWhite)
+            {
+                // Trim trailing spaces if AllowTrailingWhite.
+                format.TrimTail();
+                format.RemoveTrailingInQuoteSpaces();
+                str.TrimTail();
+            }
+
+            if ((styles & DateTimeStyles.AllowLeadingWhite) != 0)
+            {
+                format.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+                format.RemoveLeadingInQuoteSpaces();
+                str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+            }
+
+            //
+            // Scan every character in format and match the pattern in str.
+            //
+            while (format.GetNext())
+            {
+                // We trim inner spaces here, so that we will not eat trailing spaces when
+                // AllowTrailingWhite is not used.
+                if (parseInfo.fAllowInnerWhite)
+                {
+                    str.SkipWhiteSpaces();
+                }
+                if (!ParseByFormat(ref str, ref format, ref parseInfo, dtfi, ref result))
+                {
+                    return (false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (str.Index < str.Value.Length - 1)
+            {
+                // There are still remaining character in str.
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (parseInfo.fUseTwoDigitYear && ((dtfi.FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseHebrewRule) == 0))
+            {
+                // A two digit year value is expected. Check if the parsed year value is valid.
+                if (result.Year >= 100)
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                try
+                {
+                    result.Year = parseInfo.calendar.ToFourDigitYear(result.Year);
+                }
+                catch (ArgumentOutOfRangeException e)
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", e);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (parseInfo.fUseHour12)
+            {
+                if (parseInfo.timeMark == TM.NotSet)
+                {
+                    // hh is used, but no AM/PM designator is specified.
+                    // Assume the time is AM.
+                    // Don't throw exceptions in here becasue it is very confusing for the caller.
+                    // I always got confused myself when I use "hh:mm:ss" to parse a time string,
+                    // and ParseExact() throws on me (because I didn't use the 24-hour clock 'HH').
+                    parseInfo.timeMark = TM.AM;
+                }
+                if (result.Hour > 12)
+                {
+                    // AM/PM is used, but the value for HH is too big.
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (parseInfo.timeMark == TM.AM)
+                {
+                    if (result.Hour == 12)
+                    {
+                        result.Hour = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    result.Hour = (result.Hour == 12) ? 12 : result.Hour + 12;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Military (24-hour time) mode
+                //
+                // AM cannot be set with a 24-hour time like 17:15.
+                // PM cannot be set with a 24-hour time like 03:15.
+                if ((parseInfo.timeMark == TM.AM && result.Hour >= 12)
+                    || (parseInfo.timeMark == TM.PM && result.Hour < 12))
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDateTime", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+
+            // Check if the parased string only contains hour/minute/second values.
+            bTimeOnly = (result.Year == -1 && result.Month == -1 && result.Day == -1);
+            if (!CheckDefaultDateTime(ref result, ref parseInfo.calendar, styles))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!bTimeOnly && dtfi.HasYearMonthAdjustment)
+            {
+                if (!dtfi.YearMonthAdjustment(ref result.Year, ref result.Month, ((result.flags & ParseFlags.ParsedMonthName) != 0)))
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatBadDateTimeCalendar, "Format_BadDateTimeCalendar", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!parseInfo.calendar.TryToDateTime(result.Year, result.Month, result.Day,
+                    result.Hour, result.Minute, result.Second, 0, result.era, out result.parsedDate))
+            {
+                result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.FormatBadDateTimeCalendar, "Format_BadDateTimeCalendar", null);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (result.fraction > 0)
+            {
+                result.parsedDate = result.parsedDate.AddTicks((long)Math.Round(result.fraction * Calendar.TicksPerSecond));
+            }
+
+            //
+            // We have to check day of week before we adjust to the time zone.
+            // It is because the value of day of week may change after adjusting
+            // to the time zone.
+            //
+            if (parseInfo.dayOfWeek != -1)
+            {
+                //
+                // Check if day of week is correct.
+                //
+                if (parseInfo.dayOfWeek != (int)parseInfo.calendar.GetDayOfWeek(result.parsedDate))
+                {
+                    result.SetFailure(ParseFailureKind.Format, "Format_BadDayOfWeek", null);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+
+            if (!DetermineTimeZoneAdjustments(ref result, styles, bTimeOnly))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private static Exception GetDateTimeParseException(ref DateTimeResult result)
+        {
+            switch (result.failure)
+            {
+                case ParseFailureKind.ArgumentNull:
+                    return new ArgumentNullException(result.failureArgumentName, SR.GetResourceString(result.failureMessageID));
+                case ParseFailureKind.Format:
+                    return new FormatException(SR.GetResourceString(result.failureMessageID));
+                case ParseFailureKind.FormatWithParameter:
+                    return new FormatException(SR.Format(SR.GetResourceString(result.failureMessageID), result.failureMessageFormatArgument));
+                case ParseFailureKind.FormatBadDateTimeCalendar:
+                    return new FormatException(SR.Format(SR.GetResourceString(result.failureMessageID), result.calendar));
+                default:
+                    Debug.Assert(false, "Unkown DateTimeParseFailure: " + result);
+                    return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Builds with _LOGGING defined (x86dbg, amd64chk, etc) support tracing
+        // Set the following internal-only/unsupported environment variables to enable DateTime tracing to the console:
+        //
+        // COMPlus_LogEnable=1
+        // COMPlus_LogToConsole=1
+        // COMPlus_LogLevel=9
+        // COMPlus_ManagedLogFacility=0x00001000
+        [Pure]
+        [Conditional("_LOGGING")]
+        internal static void LexTraceExit(string message, DS dps)
+        {
+#if _LOGGING
+            if (!_tracingEnabled)
+                return;
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "[DATETIME] Lex return {0}, DS.{1}", message, dps);
+#endif // _LOGGING
+        }
+        [Pure]
+        [Conditional("_LOGGING")]
+        internal static void PTSTraceExit(DS dps, bool passed)
+        {
+#if _LOGGING
+            if (!_tracingEnabled)
+                return;
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "[DATETIME] ProcessTerminalState {0} @ DS.{1}", passed ? "passed" : "failed", dps);
+#endif // _LOGGING
+        }
+        [Pure]
+        [Conditional("_LOGGING")]
+        internal static void TPTraceExit(string message, DS dps)
+        {
+#if _LOGGING
+            if (!_tracingEnabled)
+                return;
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "[DATETIME] TryParse return {0}, DS.{1}", message, dps);
+#endif // _LOGGING
+        }
+        [Pure]
+        [Conditional("_LOGGING")]
+        internal static void DTFITrace(DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+#if _LOGGING
+            if (!_tracingEnabled)
+                return;
+
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "[DATETIME] DateTimeFormatInfo Properties");
+#if !FEATURE_COREFX_GLOBALIZATION
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", " NativeCalendarName {0}", Hex(dtfi.NativeCalendarName));
+#endif
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "       AMDesignator {0}", Hex(dtfi.AMDesignator));
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "       PMDesignator {0}", Hex(dtfi.PMDesignator));
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "      TimeSeparator {0}", Hex(dtfi.TimeSeparator));
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "      AbbrvDayNames {0}", Hex(dtfi.AbbreviatedDayNames));
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "   ShortestDayNames {0}", Hex(dtfi.ShortestDayNames));
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "           DayNames {0}", Hex(dtfi.DayNames));
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "    AbbrvMonthNames {0}", Hex(dtfi.AbbreviatedMonthNames));
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "         MonthNames {0}", Hex(dtfi.MonthNames));
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", " AbbrvMonthGenNames {0}", Hex(dtfi.AbbreviatedMonthGenitiveNames));
+            BCLDebug.Trace("DATETIME", "      MonthGenNames {0}", Hex(dtfi.MonthGenitiveNames));
+#endif // _LOGGING
+        }
+#if _LOGGING
+        [Pure]
+        // return a string in the form: "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"
+        internal static string Hex(string[] strs)
+        {
+            if (strs == null || strs.Length == 0)
+                return String.Empty;
+            if (strs.Length == 1)
+                return Hex(strs[0]);
+
+            int curLineLength = 0;
+            int maxLineLength = 55;
+            int newLinePadding = 20;
+
+
+            //invariant: strs.Length >= 2
+            StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+            buffer.Append(Hex(strs[0]));
+            curLineLength = buffer.Length;
+            String s;
+
+            for (int i = 1; i < strs.Length - 1; i++)
+            {
+                s = Hex(strs[i]);
+
+                if (s.Length > maxLineLength || (curLineLength + s.Length + 2) > maxLineLength)
+                {
+                    buffer.Append(',');
+                    buffer.Append(Environment.NewLine);
+                    buffer.Append(' ', newLinePadding);
+                    curLineLength = 0;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    buffer.Append(", ");
+                    curLineLength += 2;
+                }
+                buffer.Append(s);
+                curLineLength += s.Length;
+            }
+
+            buffer.Append(',');
+            s = Hex(strs[strs.Length - 1]);
+            if (s.Length > maxLineLength || (curLineLength + s.Length + 6) > maxLineLength)
+            {
+                buffer.Append(Environment.NewLine);
+                buffer.Append(' ', newLinePadding);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                buffer.Append(' ');
+            }
+            buffer.Append(s);
+            return buffer.ToString();
+        }
+        [Pure]
+        // return a string in the form: "Sun"
+        internal static string Hex(string str)
+        {
+            StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+            buffer.Append("\"");
+            for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (str[i] <= '\x007f')
+                    buffer.Append(str[i]);
+                else
+                    buffer.Append("\\u" + ((int)str[i]).ToString("x4", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+            }
+            buffer.Append("\"");
+            return buffer.ToString();
+        }
+        [Pure]
+        // return an unicode escaped string form of char c
+        internal static String Hex(char c)
+        {
+            if (c <= '\x007f')
+                return c.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+            else
+                return "\\u" + ((int)c).ToString("x4", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+        }
+
+        internal static bool _tracingEnabled = BCLDebug.CheckEnabled("DATETIME");
+#endif // _LOGGING
+    }
+
+
+    //
+    // This is a string parsing helper which wraps a String object.
+    // It has a Index property which tracks
+    // the current parsing pointer of the string.
+    //
+    internal
+    struct __DTString
+    {
+        //
+        // Value propery: stores the real string to be parsed.
+        //
+        internal String Value;
+
+        //
+        // Index property: points to the character that we are currently parsing.
+        //
+        internal int Index;
+
+        // The length of Value string.
+        internal int len;
+
+        // The current chracter to be looked at.
+        internal char m_current;
+
+        private CompareInfo m_info;
+        // Flag to indicate if we encouter an digit, we should check for token or not.
+        // In some cultures, such as mn-MN, it uses "\x0031\x00a0\x0434\x04af\x0433\x044d\x044d\x0440\x00a0\x0441\x0430\x0440" in month names.
+        private bool m_checkDigitToken;
+
+        internal __DTString(String str, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, bool checkDigitToken) : this(str, dtfi)
+        {
+            m_checkDigitToken = checkDigitToken;
+        }
+
+        internal __DTString(String str, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            Index = -1;
+            Value = str;
+            len = Value.Length;
+
+            m_current = '\0';
+            if (dtfi != null)
+            {
+                m_info = dtfi.CompareInfo;
+                m_checkDigitToken = ((dtfi.FormatFlags & DateTimeFormatFlags.UseDigitPrefixInTokens) != 0);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                m_info = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.CompareInfo;
+                m_checkDigitToken = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal CompareInfo CompareInfo
+        {
+            get { return m_info; }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Advance the Index.
+        // Return true if Index is NOT at the end of the string.
+        //
+        // Typical usage:
+        // while (str.GetNext())
+        // {
+        //     char ch = str.GetChar()
+        // }
+        internal bool GetNext()
+        {
+            Index++;
+            if (Index < len)
+            {
+                m_current = Value[Index];
+                return (true);
+            }
+            return (false);
+        }
+
+        internal bool AtEnd()
+        {
+            return Index < len ? false : true;
+        }
+
+        internal bool Advance(int count)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(Index + count <= len, "__DTString::Advance: Index + count <= len");
+            Index += count;
+            if (Index < len)
+            {
+                m_current = Value[Index];
+                return (true);
+            }
+            return (false);
+        }
+
+
+        // Used by DateTime.Parse() to get the next token.
+        internal void GetRegularToken(out TokenType tokenType, out int tokenValue, DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi)
+        {
+            tokenValue = 0;
+            if (Index >= len)
+            {
+                tokenType = TokenType.EndOfString;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            tokenType = TokenType.UnknownToken;
+
+        Start:
+            if (DateTimeParse.IsDigit(m_current))
+            {
+                // This is a digit.
+                tokenValue = m_current - '0';
+                int value;
+                int start = Index;
+
+                //
+                // Collect other digits.
+                //
+                while (++Index < len)
+                {
+                    m_current = Value[Index];
+                    value = m_current - '0';
+                    if (value >= 0 && value <= 9)
+                    {
+                        tokenValue = tokenValue * 10 + value;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (Index - start > DateTimeParse.MaxDateTimeNumberDigits)
+                {
+                    tokenType = TokenType.NumberToken;
+                    tokenValue = -1;
+                }
+                else if (Index - start < 3)
+                {
+                    tokenType = TokenType.NumberToken;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // If there are more than 3 digits, assume that it's a year value.
+                    tokenType = TokenType.YearNumberToken;
+                }
+                if (m_checkDigitToken)
+                {
+                    int save = Index;
+                    char saveCh = m_current;
+                    // Re-scan using the staring Index to see if this is a token.
+                    Index = start;  // To include the first digit.
+                    m_current = Value[Index];
+                    TokenType tempType;
+                    int tempValue;
+                    // This DTFI has tokens starting with digits.
+                    // E.g. mn-MN has month name like "\x0031\x00a0\x0434\x04af\x0433\x044d\x044d\x0440\x00a0\x0441\x0430\x0440"
+                    if (dtfi.Tokenize(TokenType.RegularTokenMask, out tempType, out tempValue, ref this))
+                    {
+                        tokenType = tempType;
+                        tokenValue = tempValue;
+                        // This is a token, so the Index has been advanced propertly in DTFI.Tokenizer().
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Use the number token value.
+                        // Restore the index.
+                        Index = save;
+                        m_current = saveCh;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else if (Char.IsWhiteSpace(m_current))
+            {
+                // Just skip to the next character.
+                while (++Index < len)
+                {
+                    m_current = Value[Index];
+                    if (!(Char.IsWhiteSpace(m_current)))
+                    {
+                        goto Start;
+                    }
+                }
+                // We have reached the end of string.
+                tokenType = TokenType.EndOfString;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                dtfi.Tokenize(TokenType.RegularTokenMask, out tokenType, out tokenValue, ref this);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal TokenType GetSeparatorToken(DateTimeFormatInfo dtfi, out int indexBeforeSeparator, out char charBeforeSeparator)
+        {
+            indexBeforeSeparator = Index;
+            charBeforeSeparator = m_current;
+            TokenType tokenType;
+            if (!SkipWhiteSpaceCurrent())
+            {
+                // Reach the end of the string.
+                return (TokenType.SEP_End);
+            }
+            if (!DateTimeParse.IsDigit(m_current))
+            {
+                // Not a digit.  Tokenize it.
+                int tokenValue;
+                bool found = dtfi.Tokenize(TokenType.SeparatorTokenMask, out tokenType, out tokenValue, ref this);
+                if (!found)
+                {
+                    tokenType = TokenType.SEP_Space;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Do nothing here.  If we see a number, it will not be a separator. There is no need wasting time trying to find the
+                // separator token.
+                tokenType = TokenType.SEP_Space;
+            }
+            return (tokenType);
+        }
+
+        internal bool MatchSpecifiedWord(String target)
+        {
+            return MatchSpecifiedWord(target, target.Length + Index);
+        }
+
+        internal bool MatchSpecifiedWord(String target, int endIndex)
+        {
+            int count = endIndex - Index;
+
+            if (count != target.Length)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (Index + count > len)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return (m_info.Compare(Value, Index, count, target, 0, count, CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) == 0);
+        }
+
+        private static Char[] WhiteSpaceChecks = new Char[] { ' ', '\u00A0' };
+
+        internal bool MatchSpecifiedWords(String target, bool checkWordBoundary, ref int matchLength)
+        {
+            int valueRemaining = Value.Length - Index;
+            matchLength = target.Length;
+
+            if (matchLength > valueRemaining || m_info.Compare(Value, Index, matchLength, target, 0, matchLength, CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) != 0)
+            {
+                // Check word by word
+                int targetPosition = 0;                 // Where we are in the target string
+                int thisPosition = Index;         // Where we are in this string
+                int wsIndex = target.IndexOfAny(WhiteSpaceChecks, targetPosition);
+                if (wsIndex == -1)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                do
+                {
+                    int segmentLength = wsIndex - targetPosition;
+                    if (thisPosition >= Value.Length - segmentLength)
+                    { // Subtraction to prevent overflow.
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (segmentLength == 0)
+                    {
+                        // If segmentLength == 0, it means that we have leading space in the target string.
+                        // In that case, skip the leading spaces in the target and this string.
+                        matchLength--;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Make sure we also have whitespace in the input string
+                        if (!Char.IsWhiteSpace(Value[thisPosition + segmentLength]))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        if (m_info.Compare(Value, thisPosition, segmentLength, target, targetPosition, segmentLength, CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) != 0)
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        // Advance the input string
+                        thisPosition = thisPosition + segmentLength + 1;
+                    }
+                    // Advance our target string
+                    targetPosition = wsIndex + 1;
+
+
+                    // Skip past multiple whitespace
+                    while (thisPosition < Value.Length && Char.IsWhiteSpace(Value[thisPosition]))
+                    {
+                        thisPosition++;
+                        matchLength++;
+                    }
+                } while ((wsIndex = target.IndexOfAny(WhiteSpaceChecks, targetPosition)) >= 0);
+                // now check the last segment;
+                if (targetPosition < target.Length)
+                {
+                    int segmentLength = target.Length - targetPosition;
+                    if (thisPosition > Value.Length - segmentLength)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (m_info.Compare(Value, thisPosition, segmentLength, target, targetPosition, segmentLength, CompareOptions.IgnoreCase) != 0)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (checkWordBoundary)
+            {
+                int nextCharIndex = Index + matchLength;
+                if (nextCharIndex < Value.Length)
+                {
+                    if (Char.IsLetter(Value[nextCharIndex]))
+                    {
+                        return (false);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return (true);
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Check to see if the string starting from Index is a prefix of
+        // str.
+        // If a match is found, true value is returned and Index is updated to the next character to be parsed.
+        // Otherwise, Index is unchanged.
+        //
+        internal bool Match(String str)
+        {
+            if (++Index >= len)
+            {
+                return (false);
+            }
+
+            if (str.Length > (Value.Length - Index))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (m_info.Compare(Value, Index, str.Length, str, 0, str.Length, CompareOptions.Ordinal) == 0)
+            {
+                // Update the Index to the end of the matching string.
+                // So the following GetNext()/Match() opeartion will get
+                // the next character to be parsed.
+                Index += (str.Length - 1);
+                return (true);
+            }
+            return (false);
+        }
+
+        internal bool Match(char ch)
+        {
+            if (++Index >= len)
+            {
+                return (false);
+            }
+            if (Value[Index] == ch)
+            {
+                m_current = ch;
+                return (true);
+            }
+            Index--;
+            return (false);
+        }
+
+        //
+        //  Actions: From the current position, try matching the longest word in the specified string array.
+        //      E.g. words[] = {"AB", "ABC", "ABCD"}, if the current position points to a substring like "ABC DEF",
+        //          MatchLongestWords(words, ref MaxMatchStrLen) will return 1 (the index), and maxMatchLen will be 3.
+        //  Returns:
+        //      The index that contains the longest word to match
+        //  Arguments:
+        //      words   The string array that contains words to search.
+        //      maxMatchStrLen  [in/out] the initailized maximum length.  This parameter can be used to
+        //          find the longest match in two string arrays.
+        //
+        internal int MatchLongestWords(String[] words, ref int maxMatchStrLen)
+        {
+            int result = -1;
+            for (int i = 0; i < words.Length; i++)
+            {
+                String word = words[i];
+                int matchLength = word.Length;
+                if (MatchSpecifiedWords(word, false, ref matchLength))
+                {
+                    if (matchLength > maxMatchStrLen)
+                    {
+                        maxMatchStrLen = matchLength;
+                        result = i;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return (result);
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Get the number of repeat character after the current character.
+        // For a string "hh:mm:ss" at Index of 3. GetRepeatCount() = 2, and Index
+        // will point to the second ':'.
+        //
+        internal int GetRepeatCount()
+        {
+            char repeatChar = Value[Index];
+            int pos = Index + 1;
+            while ((pos < len) && (Value[pos] == repeatChar))
+            {
+                pos++;
+            }
+            int repeatCount = (pos - Index);
+            // Update the Index to the end of the repeated characters.
+            // So the following GetNext() opeartion will get
+            // the next character to be parsed.
+            Index = pos - 1;
+            return (repeatCount);
+        }
+
+        // Return false when end of string is encountered or a non-digit character is found.
+        internal bool GetNextDigit()
+        {
+            if (++Index >= len)
+            {
+                return (false);
+            }
+            return (DateTimeParse.IsDigit(Value[Index]));
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Get the current character.
+        //
+        internal char GetChar()
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(Index >= 0 && Index < len, "Index >= 0 && Index < len");
+            return (Value[Index]);
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Convert the current character to a digit, and return it.
+        //
+        internal int GetDigit()
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(Index >= 0 && Index < len, "Index >= 0 && Index < len");
+            Debug.Assert(DateTimeParse.IsDigit(Value[Index]), "IsDigit(Value[Index])");
+            return (Value[Index] - '0');
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Eat White Space ahead of the current position
+        //
+        // Return false if end of string is encountered.
+        //
+        internal void SkipWhiteSpaces()
+        {
+            // Look ahead to see if the next character
+            // is a whitespace.
+            while (Index + 1 < len)
+            {
+                char ch = Value[Index + 1];
+                if (!Char.IsWhiteSpace(ch))
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+                Index++;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Skip white spaces from the current position
+        //
+        // Return false if end of string is encountered.
+        //
+        internal bool SkipWhiteSpaceCurrent()
+        {
+            if (Index >= len)
+            {
+                return (false);
+            }
+
+            if (!Char.IsWhiteSpace(m_current))
+            {
+                return (true);
+            }
+
+            while (++Index < len)
+            {
+                m_current = Value[Index];
+                if (!Char.IsWhiteSpace(m_current))
+                {
+                    return (true);
+                }
+                // Nothing here.
+            }
+            return (false);
+        }
+
+        internal void TrimTail()
+        {
+            int i = len - 1;
+            while (i >= 0 && Char.IsWhiteSpace(Value[i]))
+            {
+                i--;
+            }
+            Value = Value.Substring(0, i + 1);
+            len = Value.Length;
+        }
+
+        // Trim the trailing spaces within a quoted string.
+        // Call this after TrimTail() is done.
+        internal void RemoveTrailingInQuoteSpaces()
+        {
+            int i = len - 1;
+            if (i <= 1)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            char ch = Value[i];
+            // Check if the last character is a quote.
+            if (ch == '\'' || ch == '\"')
+            {
+                if (Char.IsWhiteSpace(Value[i - 1]))
+                {
+                    i--;
+                    while (i >= 1 && Char.IsWhiteSpace(Value[i - 1]))
+                    {
+                        i--;
+                    }
+                    Value = Value.Remove(i, Value.Length - 1 - i);
+                    len = Value.Length;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Trim the leading spaces within a quoted string.
+        // Call this after the leading spaces before quoted string are trimmed.
+        internal void RemoveLeadingInQuoteSpaces()
+        {
+            if (len <= 2)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            int i = 0;
+            char ch = Value[i];
+            // Check if the last character is a quote.
+            if (ch == '\'' || ch == '\"')
+            {
+                while ((i + 1) < len && Char.IsWhiteSpace(Value[i + 1]))
+                {
+                    i++;
+                }
+                if (i != 0)
+                {
+                    Value = Value.Remove(1, i);
+                    len = Value.Length;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal DTSubString GetSubString()
+        {
+            DTSubString sub = new DTSubString();
+            sub.index = Index;
+            sub.s = Value;
+            while (Index + sub.length < len)
+            {
+                DTSubStringType currentType;
+                Char ch = Value[Index + sub.length];
+                if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
+                {
+                    currentType = DTSubStringType.Number;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    currentType = DTSubStringType.Other;
+                }
+
+                if (sub.length == 0)
+                {
+                    sub.type = currentType;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (sub.type != currentType)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                sub.length++;
+                if (currentType == DTSubStringType.Number)
+                {
+                    // Incorporate the number into the value
+                    // Limit the digits to prevent overflow
+                    if (sub.length > DateTimeParse.MaxDateTimeNumberDigits)
+                    {
+                        sub.type = DTSubStringType.Invalid;
+                        return sub;
+                    }
+                    int number = ch - '0';
+                    Debug.Assert(number >= 0 && number <= 9, "number >= 0 && number <= 9");
+                    sub.value = sub.value * 10 + number;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // For non numbers, just return this length 1 token. This should be expanded
+                    // to more types of thing if this parsing approach is used for things other
+                    // than numbers and single characters
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (sub.length == 0)
+            {
+                sub.type = DTSubStringType.End;
+                return sub;
+            }
+
+            return sub;
+        }
+
+        internal void ConsumeSubString(DTSubString sub)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(sub.index == Index, "sub.index == Index");
+            Debug.Assert(sub.index + sub.length <= len, "sub.index + sub.length <= len");
+            Index = sub.index + sub.length;
+            if (Index < len)
+            {
+                m_current = Value[Index];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal enum DTSubStringType
+    {
+        Unknown = 0,
+        Invalid = 1,
+        Number = 2,
+        End = 3,
+        Other = 4,
+    }
+
+    internal struct DTSubString
+    {
+        internal String s;
+        internal Int32 index;
+        internal Int32 length;
+        internal DTSubStringType type;
+        internal Int32 value;
+
+        internal Char this[Int32 relativeIndex]
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return s[index + relativeIndex];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // The buffer to store the parsing token.
+    //
+    internal
+    struct DateTimeToken
+    {
+        internal DateTimeParse.DTT dtt;    // Store the token
+        internal TokenType suffix; // Store the CJK Year/Month/Day suffix (if any)
+        internal int num;    // Store the number that we are parsing (if any)
+    }
+
+    //
+    // The buffer to store temporary parsing information.
+    //
+    internal
+    unsafe struct DateTimeRawInfo
+    {
+        private int* num;
+        internal int numCount;
+        internal int month;
+        internal int year;
+        internal int dayOfWeek;
+        internal int era;
+        internal DateTimeParse.TM timeMark;
+        internal double fraction;
+        internal bool hasSameDateAndTimeSeparators;
+
+        internal void Init(int* numberBuffer)
+        {
+            month = -1;
+            year = -1;
+            dayOfWeek = -1;
+            era = -1;
+            timeMark = DateTimeParse.TM.NotSet;
+            fraction = -1;
+            num = numberBuffer;
+        }
+        internal unsafe void AddNumber(int value)
+        {
+            num[numCount++] = value;
+        }
+        internal unsafe int GetNumber(int index)
+        {
+            return num[index];
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal enum ParseFailureKind
+    {
+        None = 0,
+        ArgumentNull = 1,
+        Format = 2,
+        FormatWithParameter = 3,
+        FormatBadDateTimeCalendar = 4,  // FormatException when ArgumentOutOfRange is thrown by a Calendar.TryToDateTime().
+    };
+
+    [Flags]
+    internal enum ParseFlags
+    {
+        HaveYear = 0x00000001,
+        HaveMonth = 0x00000002,
+        HaveDay = 0x00000004,
+        HaveHour = 0x00000008,
+        HaveMinute = 0x00000010,
+        HaveSecond = 0x00000020,
+        HaveTime = 0x00000040,
+        HaveDate = 0x00000080,
+        TimeZoneUsed = 0x00000100,
+        TimeZoneUtc = 0x00000200,
+        ParsedMonthName = 0x00000400,
+        CaptureOffset = 0x00000800,
+        YearDefault = 0x00001000,
+        Rfc1123Pattern = 0x00002000,
+        UtcSortPattern = 0x00004000,
+    }
+
+    //
+    // This will store the result of the parsing.  And it will be eventually
+    // used to construct a DateTime instance.
+    //
+    internal
+    struct DateTimeResult
+    {
+        internal int Year;
+        internal int Month;
+        internal int Day;
+        //
+        // Set time defualt to 00:00:00.
+        //
+        internal int Hour;
+        internal int Minute;
+        internal int Second;
+        internal double fraction;
+
+        internal int era;
+
+        internal ParseFlags flags;
+
+        internal TimeSpan timeZoneOffset;
+
+        internal Calendar calendar;
+
+        internal DateTime parsedDate;
+
+        internal ParseFailureKind failure;
+        internal string failureMessageID;
+        internal object failureMessageFormatArgument;
+        internal string failureArgumentName;
+
+        internal void Init()
+        {
+            Year = -1;
+            Month = -1;
+            Day = -1;
+            fraction = -1;
+            era = -1;
+        }
+
+        internal void SetDate(int year, int month, int day)
+        {
+            Year = year;
+            Month = month;
+            Day = day;
+        }
+        internal void SetFailure(ParseFailureKind failure, string failureMessageID, object failureMessageFormatArgument)
+        {
+            this.failure = failure;
+            this.failureMessageID = failureMessageID;
+            this.failureMessageFormatArgument = failureMessageFormatArgument;
+        }
+
+        internal void SetFailure(ParseFailureKind failure, string failureMessageID, object failureMessageFormatArgument, string failureArgumentName)
+        {
+            this.failure = failure;
+            this.failureMessageID = failureMessageID;
+            this.failureMessageFormatArgument = failureMessageFormatArgument;
+            this.failureArgumentName = failureArgumentName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // This is the helper data structure used in ParseExact().
+    internal struct ParsingInfo
+    {
+        internal Calendar calendar;
+        internal int dayOfWeek;
+        internal DateTimeParse.TM timeMark;
+
+        internal bool fUseHour12;
+        internal bool fUseTwoDigitYear;
+        internal bool fAllowInnerWhite;
+        internal bool fAllowTrailingWhite;
+        internal bool fCustomNumberParser;
+        internal DateTimeParse.MatchNumberDelegate parseNumberDelegate;
+
+        internal void Init()
+        {
+            dayOfWeek = -1;
+            timeMark = DateTimeParse.TM.NotSet;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // The type of token that will be returned by DateTimeFormatInfo.Tokenize().
+    //
+    internal enum TokenType
+    {
+        // The valid token should start from 1.
+
+        // Regular tokens. The range is from 0x00 ~ 0xff.
+        NumberToken = 1,    // The number.  E.g. "12"
+        YearNumberToken = 2,    // The number which is considered as year number, which has 3 or more digits.  E.g. "2003"
+        Am = 3,    // AM timemark. E.g. "AM"
+        Pm = 4,    // PM timemark. E.g. "PM"
+        MonthToken = 5,    // A word (or words) that represents a month name.  E.g. "March"
+        EndOfString = 6,    // End of string
+        DayOfWeekToken = 7,    // A word (or words) that represents a day of week name.  E.g. "Monday" or "Mon"
+        TimeZoneToken = 8,    // A word that represents a timezone name. E.g. "GMT"
+        EraToken = 9,    // A word that represents a era name. E.g. "A.D."
+        DateWordToken = 10,   // A word that can appear in a DateTime string, but serves no parsing semantics.  E.g. "de" in Spanish culture.
+        UnknownToken = 11,   // An unknown word, which signals an error in parsing.
+        HebrewNumber = 12,   // A number that is composed of Hebrew text.  Hebrew calendar uses Hebrew digits for year values, month values, and day values.
+        JapaneseEraToken = 13,   // Era name for JapaneseCalendar
+        TEraToken = 14,   // Era name for TaiwanCalendar
+        IgnorableSymbol = 15,   // A separator like "," that is equivalent to whitespace
+
+
+        // Separator tokens.
+        SEP_Unk = 0x100,         // Unknown separator.
+        SEP_End = 0x200,    // The end of the parsing string.
+        SEP_Space = 0x300,    // Whitespace (including comma).
+        SEP_Am = 0x400,    // AM timemark. E.g. "AM"
+        SEP_Pm = 0x500,    // PM timemark. E.g. "PM"
+        SEP_Date = 0x600,    // date separator. E.g. "/"
+        SEP_Time = 0x700,    // time separator. E.g. ":"
+        SEP_YearSuff = 0x800,    // Chinese/Japanese/Korean year suffix.
+        SEP_MonthSuff = 0x900,    // Chinese/Japanese/Korean month suffix.
+        SEP_DaySuff = 0xa00,    // Chinese/Japanese/Korean day suffix.
+        SEP_HourSuff = 0xb00,   // Chinese/Japanese/Korean hour suffix.
+        SEP_MinuteSuff = 0xc00,   // Chinese/Japanese/Korean minute suffix.
+        SEP_SecondSuff = 0xd00,   // Chinese/Japanese/Korean second suffix.
+        SEP_LocalTimeMark = 0xe00,   // 'T', used in ISO 8601 format.
+        SEP_DateOrOffset = 0xf00,   // '-' which could be a date separator or start of a time zone offset
+
+        RegularTokenMask = 0x00ff,
+        SeparatorTokenMask = 0xff00,
+    }
+}