$S = \bigcup_i S_i$, each of which can be represented using affine
constraints
$$
-S_i : \Q^n \to 2^{\Q^d} : \vec s \mapsto
+S_i : \Z^n \to 2^{\Z^d} : \vec s \mapsto
S_i(\vec s) =
\{\, \vec x \in \Z^d \mid \exists \vec z \in \Z^e :
A \vec x + B \vec s + D \vec z + \vec c \geq \vec 0 \,\}
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}[Parameter Domain of a Set]
-Let $S \in \Q^n \to 2^{\Q^d}$ be a set.
+Let $S \in \Z^n \to 2^{\Z^d}$ be a set.
The {\em parameter domain} of $S$ is the set
$$\pdom S \coloneqq \{\, \vec s \in \Z^n \mid S(\vec s) \ne \emptyset \,\}.$$
\end{definition}
A {\em polyhedral relation}\index{polyhedral relation}
$R$ is a finite union of basic relations
$R = \bigcup_i R_i$ of type
-$\Q^n \to 2^{\Q^{d_1+d_2}}$,
+$\Z^n \to 2^{\Z^{d_1+d_2}}$,
each of which can be represented using affine
constraints
$$
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}[Parameter Domain of a Relation]
-Let $R \in \Q^n \to 2^{\Q^{d+d}}$ be a relation.
+Let $R \in \Z^n \to 2^{\Z^{d+d}}$ be a relation.
The {\em parameter domain} of $R$ is the set
$$\pdom R \coloneqq \{\, \vec s \in \Z^n \mid R(\vec s) \ne \emptyset \,\}.$$
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}[Domain of a Relation]
-Let $R \in \Q^n \to 2^{\Q^{d+d}}$ be a relation.
+Let $R \in \Z^n \to 2^{\Z^{d+d}}$ be a relation.
The {\em domain} of $R$ is the polyhedral set
$$\domain R \coloneqq \vec s \mapsto
\{\, \vec x_1 \in \Z^{d_1} \mid \exists \vec x_2 \in \Z^{d_2} :
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}[Range of a Relation]
-Let $R \in \Q^n \to 2^{\Q^{d+d}}$ be a relation.
+Let $R \in \Z^n \to 2^{\Z^{d+d}}$ be a relation.
The {\em range} of $R$ is the polyhedral set
$$
\range R \coloneqq \vec s \mapsto
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}[Composition of Relations]
-Let $R \in \Q^n \to 2^{\Q^{d_1+d_2}}$ and
-$S \in \Q^n \to 2^{\Q^{d_2+d_3}}$ be two relations,
+Let $R \in \Z^n \to 2^{\Z^{d_1+d_2}}$ and
+$S \in \Z^n \to 2^{\Z^{d_2+d_3}}$ be two relations,
then the composition of
$R$ and $S$ is defined as
$$
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}[Difference Set of a Relation]
-Let $R \in \Q^n \to 2^{\Q^{d+d}}$ be a relation.
+Let $R \in \Z^n \to 2^{\Z^{d+d}}$ be a relation.
The difference set ($\Delta \, R$) of $R$ is the set
of differences between image elements and the corresponding
domain elements,
\subsection{Introduction}
\begin{definition}[Power of a Relation]
-Let $R \in \Q^n \to 2^{\Q^{d+d}}$ be a relation and
+Let $R \in \Z^n \to 2^{\Z^{d+d}}$ be a relation and
$k \in \Z_{\ge 1}$
a positive number, then power $k$ of relation $R$ is defined as
\begin{equation}
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}[Transitive Closure of a Relation]
-Let $R \in \Q^n \to 2^{\Q^{d+d}}$ be a relation,
+Let $R \in \Z^n \to 2^{\Z^{d+d}}$ be a relation,
then the transitive closure $R^+$ of $R$ is the union
of all positive powers of $R$,
$$