Imported Upstream version python3-pathlib2 2.3.3 upstream upstream/2.3.3
authorDongHun Kwak <dh0128.kwak@samsung.com>
Thu, 8 Apr 2021 05:48:31 +0000 (14:48 +0900)
committerDongHun Kwak <dh0128.kwak@samsung.com>
Thu, 8 Apr 2021 05:48:31 +0000 (14:48 +0900)
16 files changed:
CHANGELOG.rst [new file with mode: 0644]
LICENSE.rst [new file with mode: 0644]
MANIFEST.in [new file with mode: 0644]
PKG-INFO [new file with mode: 0644]
README.rst [new file with mode: 0644]
VERSION [new file with mode: 0644]
pathlib2.egg-info/PKG-INFO [new file with mode: 0644]
pathlib2.egg-info/SOURCES.txt [new file with mode: 0644]
pathlib2.egg-info/dependency_links.txt [new file with mode: 0644]
pathlib2.egg-info/requires.txt [new file with mode: 0644]
pathlib2.egg-info/top_level.txt [new file with mode: 0644]
pathlib2/__init__.py [new file with mode: 0644]
requirements.txt [new file with mode: 0644]
setup.cfg [new file with mode: 0644]
setup.py [new file with mode: 0644]
tests/test_pathlib2.py [new file with mode: 0644]

diff --git a/CHANGELOG.rst b/CHANGELOG.rst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..9419348
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+History
+-------
+
+Version 2.3.3
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Bring back old deprecated dependency syntax to ensure compatibility
+  with older systems (see issue #46).
+
+- Drop Python 3.3 support, as scandir no longer supports it.
+
+- Add Python 3.7 support.
+
+Version 2.3.2
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Hotfix for broken setup.py.
+
+Version 2.3.1
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Fix tests for systems where filesystem encoding only supports ascii
+  (reported by yurivict, fixed with help of honnibal, see issue #30).
+
+- Use modern setuptools syntax for specifying conditional scandir
+  dependency (see issue #31).
+
+- Remove legacy use of support module from old pathlib module (see
+  issue #39). This fixes the tests for Python 3.6.
+
+- Drop the "from __future__ import unicode_literals" and -Qnew tests
+  as it introduced subtle bugs in the tests, and maintaining separate
+  test modules for these legacy features seems not worth the effort.
+
+- Drop Python 3.2 support, as scandir no longer supports it.
+
+Version 2.3.0
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Sync with upstream pathlib from CPython 3.6.1 (7d1017d).
+
+Version 2.2.1
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Fix conditional scandir dependency in wheel (reported by AvdN, see
+  issue #20 and pull request #21).
+
+Version 2.2.0
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Sync with upstream pathlib from CPython 3.5.2 and 3.6.0: fix various
+  exceptions, empty glob pattern, scandir, __fspath__.
+
+- Support unicode strings to be used to construct paths in Python 2
+  (reported by native-api, see issue #13 and pull request #15).
+
+Version 2.1.0
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Sync with upstream pathlib from CPython 3.5.0: gethomedir, home,
+  expanduser.
+
+Version 2.0.1
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Fix TypeError exceptions in write_bytes and write_text (contributed
+  by Emanuele Gaifas, see pull request #2).
+
+Version 2.0
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Sync with upstream pathlib from CPython: read_text, write_text,
+  read_bytes, write_bytes, __enter__, __exit__, samefile.
+- Use travis and appveyor for continuous integration.
+- Fixed some bugs in test code.
+
+Version 1.0.1
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Pull request #4: Python 2.6 compatibility by eevee.
+
+Version 1.0
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+This version brings ``pathlib`` up to date with the official Python 3.4
+release, and also fixes a couple of 2.7-specific issues.
+
+- Python issue #20765: Add missing documentation for PurePath.with_name()
+  and PurePath.with_suffix().
+- Fix test_mkdir_parents when the working directory has additional bits
+  set (such as the setgid or sticky bits).
+- Python issue #20111: pathlib.Path.with_suffix() now sanity checks the
+  given suffix.
+- Python issue #19918: Fix PurePath.relative_to() under Windows.
+- Python issue #19921: When Path.mkdir() is called with parents=True, any
+  missing parent is created with the default permissions, ignoring the mode
+  argument (mimicking the POSIX "mkdir -p" command).
+- Python issue #19887: Improve the Path.resolve() algorithm to support
+  certain symlink chains.
+- Make pathlib usable under Python 2.7 with unicode pathnames (only pure
+  ASCII, though).
+- Issue #21: fix TypeError under Python 2.7 when using new division.
+- Add tox support for easier testing.
+
+Version 0.97
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+This version brings ``pathlib`` up to date with the final API specified
+in :pep:`428`.  The changes are too long to list here, it is recommended
+to read the `documentation <https://pathlib.readthedocs.org/>`_.
+
+.. warning::
+   The API in this version is partially incompatible with pathlib 0.8 and
+   earlier.  Be sure to check your code for possible breakage!
+
+Version 0.8
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Add PurePath.name and PurePath.anchor.
+- Add Path.owner and Path.group.
+- Add Path.replace().
+- Add Path.as_uri().
+- Issue #10: when creating a file with Path.open(), don't set the executable
+  bit.
+- Issue #11: fix comparisons with non-Path objects.
+
+Version 0.7
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Add '**' (recursive) patterns to Path.glob().
+- Fix openat() support after the API refactoring in Python 3.3 beta1.
+- Add a *target_is_directory* argument to Path.symlink_to()
+
+Version 0.6
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Add Path.is_file() and Path.is_symlink()
+- Add Path.glob() and Path.rglob()
+- Add PurePath.match()
+
+Version 0.5
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+- Add Path.mkdir().
+- Add Python 2.7 compatibility by Michele Lacchia.
+- Make parent() raise ValueError when the level is greater than the path
+  length.
diff --git a/LICENSE.rst b/LICENSE.rst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..1715d3d
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Matthias C. M. Troffaes
+Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Antoine Pitrou and contributors
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/MANIFEST.in b/MANIFEST.in
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..2f03369
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+include *.py
+recursive-include pathlib2 *.py
+recursive-include tests *.py
+include *.rst
+include VERSION
+include requirements.txt
+exclude .travis.yml
+exclude appveyor.yml
+exclude codecov.yml
+prune appveyor
diff --git a/PKG-INFO b/PKG-INFO
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b1c141c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/PKG-INFO
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Metadata-Version: 1.1
+Name: pathlib2
+Version: 2.3.3
+Summary: Object-oriented filesystem paths
+Home-page: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pathlib2/
+Author: Matthias C. M. Troffaes
+Author-email: matthias.troffaes@gmail.com
+License: MIT
+Download-URL: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pathlib2/
+Description: The `old pathlib <https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib>`_
+        module on bitbucket is in bugfix-only mode.
+        The goal of pathlib2 is to provide a backport of
+        `standard pathlib <http://docs.python.org/dev/library/pathlib.html>`_
+        module which tracks the standard library module,
+        so all the newest features of the standard pathlib can be
+        used also on older Python versions.
+        
+        Download
+        --------
+        
+        Standalone releases are available on PyPI:
+        http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pathlib2/
+        
+        Development
+        -----------
+        
+        The main development takes place in the Python standard library: see
+        the `Python developer's guide <http://docs.python.org/devguide/>`_.
+        In particular, new features should be submitted to the
+        `Python bug tracker <http://bugs.python.org/>`_.
+        
+        Issues that occur in this backport, but that do not occur not in the
+        standard Python pathlib module can be submitted on
+        the `pathlib2 bug tracker <https://github.com/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2/issues>`_.
+        
+        Documentation
+        -------------
+        
+        Refer to the
+        `standard pathlib <http://docs.python.org/dev/library/pathlib.html>`_
+        documentation.
+        
+        .. |travis| image:: https://travis-ci.org/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2.png?branch=develop
+            :target: https://travis-ci.org/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2
+            :alt: travis-ci
+        
+        .. |appveyor| image:: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/baddx3rpet2wyi2c?svg=true
+            :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2
+            :alt: appveyor
+        
+        .. |codecov| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2/branch/develop/graph/badge.svg
+            :target: https://codecov.io/gh/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2
+            :alt: codecov
+        
+        
+Platform: UNKNOWN
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Filesystems
diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d276fdc
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+pathlib2
+========
+
+|appveyor| |travis| |codecov|
+
+Fork of pathlib aiming to support the full stdlib Python API.
+
+The `old pathlib <https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib>`_
+module on bitbucket is in bugfix-only mode.
+The goal of pathlib2 is to provide a backport of
+`standard pathlib <http://docs.python.org/dev/library/pathlib.html>`_
+module which tracks the standard library module,
+so all the newest features of the standard pathlib can be
+used also on older Python versions.
+
+Download
+--------
+
+Standalone releases are available on PyPI:
+http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pathlib2/
+
+Development
+-----------
+
+The main development takes place in the Python standard library: see
+the `Python developer's guide <http://docs.python.org/devguide/>`_.
+In particular, new features should be submitted to the
+`Python bug tracker <http://bugs.python.org/>`_.
+
+Issues that occur in this backport, but that do not occur not in the
+standard Python pathlib module can be submitted on
+the `pathlib2 bug tracker <https://github.com/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2/issues>`_.
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+Refer to the
+`standard pathlib <http://docs.python.org/dev/library/pathlib.html>`_
+documentation.
+
+.. |travis| image:: https://travis-ci.org/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2.png?branch=develop
+    :target: https://travis-ci.org/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2
+    :alt: travis-ci
+
+.. |appveyor| image:: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/baddx3rpet2wyi2c?svg=true
+    :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2
+    :alt: appveyor
+
+.. |codecov| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2/branch/develop/graph/badge.svg
+    :target: https://codecov.io/gh/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2
+    :alt: codecov
+
diff --git a/VERSION b/VERSION
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..0bee604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/VERSION
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2.3.3
diff --git a/pathlib2.egg-info/PKG-INFO b/pathlib2.egg-info/PKG-INFO
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b1c141c
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Metadata-Version: 1.1
+Name: pathlib2
+Version: 2.3.3
+Summary: Object-oriented filesystem paths
+Home-page: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pathlib2/
+Author: Matthias C. M. Troffaes
+Author-email: matthias.troffaes@gmail.com
+License: MIT
+Download-URL: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pathlib2/
+Description: The `old pathlib <https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib>`_
+        module on bitbucket is in bugfix-only mode.
+        The goal of pathlib2 is to provide a backport of
+        `standard pathlib <http://docs.python.org/dev/library/pathlib.html>`_
+        module which tracks the standard library module,
+        so all the newest features of the standard pathlib can be
+        used also on older Python versions.
+        
+        Download
+        --------
+        
+        Standalone releases are available on PyPI:
+        http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pathlib2/
+        
+        Development
+        -----------
+        
+        The main development takes place in the Python standard library: see
+        the `Python developer's guide <http://docs.python.org/devguide/>`_.
+        In particular, new features should be submitted to the
+        `Python bug tracker <http://bugs.python.org/>`_.
+        
+        Issues that occur in this backport, but that do not occur not in the
+        standard Python pathlib module can be submitted on
+        the `pathlib2 bug tracker <https://github.com/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2/issues>`_.
+        
+        Documentation
+        -------------
+        
+        Refer to the
+        `standard pathlib <http://docs.python.org/dev/library/pathlib.html>`_
+        documentation.
+        
+        .. |travis| image:: https://travis-ci.org/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2.png?branch=develop
+            :target: https://travis-ci.org/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2
+            :alt: travis-ci
+        
+        .. |appveyor| image:: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/baddx3rpet2wyi2c?svg=true
+            :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2
+            :alt: appveyor
+        
+        .. |codecov| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2/branch/develop/graph/badge.svg
+            :target: https://codecov.io/gh/mcmtroffaes/pathlib2
+            :alt: codecov
+        
+        
+Platform: UNKNOWN
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
+Classifier: Topic :: System :: Filesystems
diff --git a/pathlib2.egg-info/SOURCES.txt b/pathlib2.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..c9e7efd
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+CHANGELOG.rst
+LICENSE.rst
+MANIFEST.in
+README.rst
+VERSION
+requirements.txt
+setup.cfg
+setup.py
+pathlib2/__init__.py
+pathlib2.egg-info/PKG-INFO
+pathlib2.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
+pathlib2.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
+pathlib2.egg-info/requires.txt
+pathlib2.egg-info/top_level.txt
+tests/test_pathlib2.py
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pathlib2.egg-info/dependency_links.txt b/pathlib2.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..8b13789
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+
diff --git a/pathlib2.egg-info/requires.txt b/pathlib2.egg-info/requires.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..fd01d4c
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+six
+
+[:python_version<"3.5"]
+scandir
diff --git a/pathlib2.egg-info/top_level.txt b/pathlib2.egg-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..83f3ebe
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pathlib2
diff --git a/pathlib2/__init__.py b/pathlib2/__init__.py
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..2eb41e3
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1670 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Matthias C. M. Troffaes
+# Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Antoine Pitrou and contributors
+# Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
+
+import ctypes
+import fnmatch
+import functools
+import io
+import ntpath
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+import six
+import sys
+from collections import Sequence
+from errno import EINVAL, ENOENT, ENOTDIR, EEXIST, EPERM, EACCES
+from operator import attrgetter
+
+from stat import (
+    S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK, S_ISREG, S_ISSOCK, S_ISBLK, S_ISCHR, S_ISFIFO)
+try:
+    from urllib import quote as urlquote_from_bytes
+except ImportError:
+    from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes as urlquote_from_bytes
+
+
+try:
+    intern = intern
+except NameError:
+    intern = sys.intern
+
+supports_symlinks = True
+if os.name == 'nt':
+    import nt
+    if sys.getwindowsversion()[:2] >= (6, 0) and sys.version_info >= (3, 2):
+        from nt import _getfinalpathname
+    else:
+        supports_symlinks = False
+        _getfinalpathname = None
+else:
+    nt = None
+
+try:
+    from os import scandir as os_scandir
+except ImportError:
+    from scandir import scandir as os_scandir
+
+__all__ = [
+    "PurePath", "PurePosixPath", "PureWindowsPath",
+    "Path", "PosixPath", "WindowsPath",
+    ]
+
+#
+# Internals
+#
+
+
+def _py2_fsencode(parts):
+    # py2 => minimal unicode support
+    assert six.PY2
+    return [part.encode('ascii') if isinstance(part, six.text_type)
+            else part for part in parts]
+
+
+def _try_except_fileexistserror(try_func, except_func, else_func=None):
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+        try:
+            try_func()
+        except FileExistsError as exc:
+            except_func(exc)
+        else:
+            if else_func is not None:
+                else_func()
+    else:
+        try:
+            try_func()
+        except EnvironmentError as exc:
+            if exc.errno != EEXIST:
+                raise
+            else:
+                except_func(exc)
+        else:
+            if else_func is not None:
+                else_func()
+
+
+def _try_except_filenotfounderror(try_func, except_func):
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+        try:
+            try_func()
+        except FileNotFoundError as exc:
+            except_func(exc)
+    else:
+        try:
+            try_func()
+        except EnvironmentError as exc:
+            if exc.errno != ENOENT:
+                raise
+            else:
+                except_func(exc)
+
+
+def _try_except_permissionerror_iter(try_iter, except_iter):
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+        try:
+            for x in try_iter():
+                yield x
+        except PermissionError as exc:
+            for x in except_iter(exc):
+                yield x
+    else:
+        try:
+            for x in try_iter():
+                yield x
+        except EnvironmentError as exc:
+            if exc.errno not in (EPERM, EACCES):
+                raise
+            else:
+                for x in except_iter(exc):
+                    yield x
+
+
+def _win32_get_unique_path_id(path):
+    # get file information, needed for samefile on older Python versions
+    # see http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/
+    # see_if_two_files_are_the_same_file.html
+    from ctypes import POINTER, Structure, WinError
+    from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD, HANDLE, BOOL
+
+    class FILETIME(Structure):
+        _fields_ = [("datetime_lo", DWORD),
+                    ("datetime_hi", DWORD),
+                    ]
+
+    class BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION(Structure):
+        _fields_ = [("attributes", DWORD),
+                    ("created_at", FILETIME),
+                    ("accessed_at", FILETIME),
+                    ("written_at", FILETIME),
+                    ("volume", DWORD),
+                    ("file_hi", DWORD),
+                    ("file_lo", DWORD),
+                    ("n_links", DWORD),
+                    ("index_hi", DWORD),
+                    ("index_lo", DWORD),
+                    ]
+
+    CreateFile = ctypes.windll.kernel32.CreateFileW
+    CreateFile.argtypes = [ctypes.c_wchar_p, DWORD, DWORD, ctypes.c_void_p,
+                           DWORD, DWORD, HANDLE]
+    CreateFile.restype = HANDLE
+    GetFileInformationByHandle = (
+        ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetFileInformationByHandle)
+    GetFileInformationByHandle.argtypes = [
+        HANDLE, POINTER(BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION)]
+    GetFileInformationByHandle.restype = BOOL
+    CloseHandle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.CloseHandle
+    CloseHandle.argtypes = [HANDLE]
+    CloseHandle.restype = BOOL
+    GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000
+    FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x00000001
+    FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS = 0x02000000
+    OPEN_EXISTING = 3
+    if os.path.isdir(path):
+        flags = FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS
+    else:
+        flags = 0
+    hfile = CreateFile(path, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ,
+                       None, OPEN_EXISTING, flags, None)
+    if hfile == 0xffffffff:
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        else:
+            exc = OSError("file not found: path")
+            exc.errno = ENOENT
+            raise exc
+    info = BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION()
+    success = GetFileInformationByHandle(hfile, info)
+    CloseHandle(hfile)
+    if success == 0:
+        raise WinError()
+    return info.volume, info.index_hi, info.index_lo
+
+
+def _is_wildcard_pattern(pat):
+    # Whether this pattern needs actual matching using fnmatch, or can
+    # be looked up directly as a file.
+    return "*" in pat or "?" in pat or "[" in pat
+
+
+class _Flavour(object):
+
+    """A flavour implements a particular (platform-specific) set of path
+    semantics."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.join = self.sep.join
+
+    def parse_parts(self, parts):
+        if six.PY2:
+            parts = _py2_fsencode(parts)
+        parsed = []
+        sep = self.sep
+        altsep = self.altsep
+        drv = root = ''
+        it = reversed(parts)
+        for part in it:
+            if not part:
+                continue
+            if altsep:
+                part = part.replace(altsep, sep)
+            drv, root, rel = self.splitroot(part)
+            if sep in rel:
+                for x in reversed(rel.split(sep)):
+                    if x and x != '.':
+                        parsed.append(intern(x))
+            else:
+                if rel and rel != '.':
+                    parsed.append(intern(rel))
+            if drv or root:
+                if not drv:
+                    # If no drive is present, try to find one in the previous
+                    # parts. This makes the result of parsing e.g.
+                    # ("C:", "/", "a") reasonably intuitive.
+                    for part in it:
+                        if not part:
+                            continue
+                        if altsep:
+                            part = part.replace(altsep, sep)
+                        drv = self.splitroot(part)[0]
+                        if drv:
+                            break
+                break
+        if drv or root:
+            parsed.append(drv + root)
+        parsed.reverse()
+        return drv, root, parsed
+
+    def join_parsed_parts(self, drv, root, parts, drv2, root2, parts2):
+        """
+        Join the two paths represented by the respective
+        (drive, root, parts) tuples.  Return a new (drive, root, parts) tuple.
+        """
+        if root2:
+            if not drv2 and drv:
+                return drv, root2, [drv + root2] + parts2[1:]
+        elif drv2:
+            if drv2 == drv or self.casefold(drv2) == self.casefold(drv):
+                # Same drive => second path is relative to the first
+                return drv, root, parts + parts2[1:]
+        else:
+            # Second path is non-anchored (common case)
+            return drv, root, parts + parts2
+        return drv2, root2, parts2
+
+
+class _WindowsFlavour(_Flavour):
+    # Reference for Windows paths can be found at
+    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365247%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
+
+    sep = '\\'
+    altsep = '/'
+    has_drv = True
+    pathmod = ntpath
+
+    is_supported = (os.name == 'nt')
+
+    drive_letters = set('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ')
+    ext_namespace_prefix = '\\\\?\\'
+
+    reserved_names = (
+        set(['CON', 'PRN', 'AUX', 'NUL']) |
+        set(['COM%d' % i for i in range(1, 10)]) |
+        set(['LPT%d' % i for i in range(1, 10)])
+        )
+
+    # Interesting findings about extended paths:
+    # - '\\?\c:\a', '//?/c:\a' and '//?/c:/a' are all supported
+    #   but '\\?\c:/a' is not
+    # - extended paths are always absolute; "relative" extended paths will
+    #   fail.
+
+    def splitroot(self, part, sep=sep):
+        first = part[0:1]
+        second = part[1:2]
+        if (second == sep and first == sep):
+            # XXX extended paths should also disable the collapsing of "."
+            # components (according to MSDN docs).
+            prefix, part = self._split_extended_path(part)
+            first = part[0:1]
+            second = part[1:2]
+        else:
+            prefix = ''
+        third = part[2:3]
+        if (second == sep and first == sep and third != sep):
+            # is a UNC path:
+            # vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv root
+            # \\machine\mountpoint\directory\etc\...
+            #            directory ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+            index = part.find(sep, 2)
+            if index != -1:
+                index2 = part.find(sep, index + 1)
+                # a UNC path can't have two slashes in a row
+                # (after the initial two)
+                if index2 != index + 1:
+                    if index2 == -1:
+                        index2 = len(part)
+                    if prefix:
+                        return prefix + part[1:index2], sep, part[index2 + 1:]
+                    else:
+                        return part[:index2], sep, part[index2 + 1:]
+        drv = root = ''
+        if second == ':' and first in self.drive_letters:
+            drv = part[:2]
+            part = part[2:]
+            first = third
+        if first == sep:
+            root = first
+            part = part.lstrip(sep)
+        return prefix + drv, root, part
+
+    def casefold(self, s):
+        return s.lower()
+
+    def casefold_parts(self, parts):
+        return [p.lower() for p in parts]
+
+    def resolve(self, path, strict=False):
+        s = str(path)
+        if not s:
+            return os.getcwd()
+        previous_s = None
+        if _getfinalpathname is not None:
+            if strict:
+                return self._ext_to_normal(_getfinalpathname(s))
+            else:
+                # End of the path after the first one not found
+                tail_parts = []
+                while True:
+                    try:
+                        s = self._ext_to_normal(_getfinalpathname(s))
+                    except FileNotFoundError:
+                        previous_s = s
+                        s, tail = os.path.split(s)
+                        tail_parts.append(tail)
+                        if previous_s == s:
+                            return path
+                    else:
+                        return os.path.join(s, *reversed(tail_parts))
+        # Means fallback on absolute
+        return None
+
+    def _split_extended_path(self, s, ext_prefix=ext_namespace_prefix):
+        prefix = ''
+        if s.startswith(ext_prefix):
+            prefix = s[:4]
+            s = s[4:]
+            if s.startswith('UNC\\'):
+                prefix += s[:3]
+                s = '\\' + s[3:]
+        return prefix, s
+
+    def _ext_to_normal(self, s):
+        # Turn back an extended path into a normal DOS-like path
+        return self._split_extended_path(s)[1]
+
+    def is_reserved(self, parts):
+        # NOTE: the rules for reserved names seem somewhat complicated
+        # (e.g. r"..\NUL" is reserved but not r"foo\NUL").
+        # We err on the side of caution and return True for paths which are
+        # not considered reserved by Windows.
+        if not parts:
+            return False
+        if parts[0].startswith('\\\\'):
+            # UNC paths are never reserved
+            return False
+        return parts[-1].partition('.')[0].upper() in self.reserved_names
+
+    def make_uri(self, path):
+        # Under Windows, file URIs use the UTF-8 encoding.
+        drive = path.drive
+        if len(drive) == 2 and drive[1] == ':':
+            # It's a path on a local drive => 'file:///c:/a/b'
+            rest = path.as_posix()[2:].lstrip('/')
+            return 'file:///%s/%s' % (
+                drive, urlquote_from_bytes(rest.encode('utf-8')))
+        else:
+            # It's a path on a network drive => 'file://host/share/a/b'
+            return 'file:' + urlquote_from_bytes(
+                path.as_posix().encode('utf-8'))
+
+    def gethomedir(self, username):
+        if 'HOME' in os.environ:
+            userhome = os.environ['HOME']
+        elif 'USERPROFILE' in os.environ:
+            userhome = os.environ['USERPROFILE']
+        elif 'HOMEPATH' in os.environ:
+            try:
+                drv = os.environ['HOMEDRIVE']
+            except KeyError:
+                drv = ''
+            userhome = drv + os.environ['HOMEPATH']
+        else:
+            raise RuntimeError("Can't determine home directory")
+
+        if username:
+            # Try to guess user home directory.  By default all users
+            # directories are located in the same place and are named by
+            # corresponding usernames.  If current user home directory points
+            # to nonstandard place, this guess is likely wrong.
+            if os.environ['USERNAME'] != username:
+                drv, root, parts = self.parse_parts((userhome,))
+                if parts[-1] != os.environ['USERNAME']:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Can't determine home directory "
+                                       "for %r" % username)
+                parts[-1] = username
+                if drv or root:
+                    userhome = drv + root + self.join(parts[1:])
+                else:
+                    userhome = self.join(parts)
+        return userhome
+
+
+class _PosixFlavour(_Flavour):
+    sep = '/'
+    altsep = ''
+    has_drv = False
+    pathmod = posixpath
+
+    is_supported = (os.name != 'nt')
+
+    def splitroot(self, part, sep=sep):
+        if part and part[0] == sep:
+            stripped_part = part.lstrip(sep)
+            # According to POSIX path resolution:
+            # http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/
+            # xbd_chap04.html#tag_04_11
+            # "A pathname that begins with two successive slashes may be
+            # interpreted in an implementation-defined manner, although more
+            # than two leading slashes shall be treated as a single slash".
+            if len(part) - len(stripped_part) == 2:
+                return '', sep * 2, stripped_part
+            else:
+                return '', sep, stripped_part
+        else:
+            return '', '', part
+
+    def casefold(self, s):
+        return s
+
+    def casefold_parts(self, parts):
+        return parts
+
+    def resolve(self, path, strict=False):
+        sep = self.sep
+        accessor = path._accessor
+        seen = {}
+
+        def _resolve(path, rest):
+            if rest.startswith(sep):
+                path = ''
+
+            for name in rest.split(sep):
+                if not name or name == '.':
+                    # current dir
+                    continue
+                if name == '..':
+                    # parent dir
+                    path, _, _ = path.rpartition(sep)
+                    continue
+                newpath = path + sep + name
+                if newpath in seen:
+                    # Already seen this path
+                    path = seen[newpath]
+                    if path is not None:
+                        # use cached value
+                        continue
+                    # The symlink is not resolved, so we must have a symlink
+                    # loop.
+                    raise RuntimeError("Symlink loop from %r" % newpath)
+                # Resolve the symbolic link
+                try:
+                    target = accessor.readlink(newpath)
+                except OSError as e:
+                    if e.errno != EINVAL and strict:
+                        raise
+                    # Not a symlink, or non-strict mode. We just leave the path
+                    # untouched.
+                    path = newpath
+                else:
+                    seen[newpath] = None  # not resolved symlink
+                    path = _resolve(path, target)
+                    seen[newpath] = path  # resolved symlink
+
+            return path
+        # NOTE: according to POSIX, getcwd() cannot contain path components
+        # which are symlinks.
+        base = '' if path.is_absolute() else os.getcwd()
+        return _resolve(base, str(path)) or sep
+
+    def is_reserved(self, parts):
+        return False
+
+    def make_uri(self, path):
+        # We represent the path using the local filesystem encoding,
+        # for portability to other applications.
+        bpath = bytes(path)
+        return 'file://' + urlquote_from_bytes(bpath)
+
+    def gethomedir(self, username):
+        if not username:
+            try:
+                return os.environ['HOME']
+            except KeyError:
+                import pwd
+                return pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid()).pw_dir
+        else:
+            import pwd
+            try:
+                return pwd.getpwnam(username).pw_dir
+            except KeyError:
+                raise RuntimeError("Can't determine home directory "
+                                   "for %r" % username)
+
+
+_windows_flavour = _WindowsFlavour()
+_posix_flavour = _PosixFlavour()
+
+
+class _Accessor:
+
+    """An accessor implements a particular (system-specific or not) way of
+    accessing paths on the filesystem."""
+
+
+class _NormalAccessor(_Accessor):
+
+    def _wrap_strfunc(strfunc):
+        @functools.wraps(strfunc)
+        def wrapped(pathobj, *args):
+            return strfunc(str(pathobj), *args)
+        return staticmethod(wrapped)
+
+    def _wrap_binary_strfunc(strfunc):
+        @functools.wraps(strfunc)
+        def wrapped(pathobjA, pathobjB, *args):
+            return strfunc(str(pathobjA), str(pathobjB), *args)
+        return staticmethod(wrapped)
+
+    stat = _wrap_strfunc(os.stat)
+
+    lstat = _wrap_strfunc(os.lstat)
+
+    open = _wrap_strfunc(os.open)
+
+    listdir = _wrap_strfunc(os.listdir)
+
+    scandir = _wrap_strfunc(os_scandir)
+
+    chmod = _wrap_strfunc(os.chmod)
+
+    if hasattr(os, "lchmod"):
+        lchmod = _wrap_strfunc(os.lchmod)
+    else:
+        def lchmod(self, pathobj, mode):
+            raise NotImplementedError("lchmod() not available on this system")
+
+    mkdir = _wrap_strfunc(os.mkdir)
+
+    unlink = _wrap_strfunc(os.unlink)
+
+    rmdir = _wrap_strfunc(os.rmdir)
+
+    rename = _wrap_binary_strfunc(os.rename)
+
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+        replace = _wrap_binary_strfunc(os.replace)
+
+    if nt:
+        if supports_symlinks:
+            symlink = _wrap_binary_strfunc(os.symlink)
+        else:
+            def symlink(a, b, target_is_directory):
+                raise NotImplementedError(
+                    "symlink() not available on this system")
+    else:
+        # Under POSIX, os.symlink() takes two args
+        @staticmethod
+        def symlink(a, b, target_is_directory):
+            return os.symlink(str(a), str(b))
+
+    utime = _wrap_strfunc(os.utime)
+
+    # Helper for resolve()
+    def readlink(self, path):
+        return os.readlink(path)
+
+
+_normal_accessor = _NormalAccessor()
+
+
+#
+# Globbing helpers
+#
+
+def _make_selector(pattern_parts):
+    pat = pattern_parts[0]
+    child_parts = pattern_parts[1:]
+    if pat == '**':
+        cls = _RecursiveWildcardSelector
+    elif '**' in pat:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Invalid pattern: '**' can only be an entire path component")
+    elif _is_wildcard_pattern(pat):
+        cls = _WildcardSelector
+    else:
+        cls = _PreciseSelector
+    return cls(pat, child_parts)
+
+
+if hasattr(functools, "lru_cache"):
+    _make_selector = functools.lru_cache()(_make_selector)
+
+
+class _Selector:
+
+    """A selector matches a specific glob pattern part against the children
+    of a given path."""
+
+    def __init__(self, child_parts):
+        self.child_parts = child_parts
+        if child_parts:
+            self.successor = _make_selector(child_parts)
+            self.dironly = True
+        else:
+            self.successor = _TerminatingSelector()
+            self.dironly = False
+
+    def select_from(self, parent_path):
+        """Iterate over all child paths of `parent_path` matched by this
+        selector.  This can contain parent_path itself."""
+        path_cls = type(parent_path)
+        is_dir = path_cls.is_dir
+        exists = path_cls.exists
+        scandir = parent_path._accessor.scandir
+        if not is_dir(parent_path):
+            return iter([])
+        return self._select_from(parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir)
+
+
+class _TerminatingSelector:
+
+    def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
+        yield parent_path
+
+
+class _PreciseSelector(_Selector):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, child_parts):
+        self.name = name
+        _Selector.__init__(self, child_parts)
+
+    def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
+        def try_iter():
+            path = parent_path._make_child_relpath(self.name)
+            if (is_dir if self.dironly else exists)(path):
+                for p in self.successor._select_from(
+                        path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
+                    yield p
+
+        def except_iter(exc):
+            return
+            yield
+
+        for x in _try_except_permissionerror_iter(try_iter, except_iter):
+            yield x
+
+
+class _WildcardSelector(_Selector):
+
+    def __init__(self, pat, child_parts):
+        self.pat = re.compile(fnmatch.translate(pat))
+        _Selector.__init__(self, child_parts)
+
+    def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
+        def try_iter():
+            cf = parent_path._flavour.casefold
+            entries = list(scandir(parent_path))
+            for entry in entries:
+                if not self.dironly or entry.is_dir():
+                    name = entry.name
+                    casefolded = cf(name)
+                    if self.pat.match(casefolded):
+                        path = parent_path._make_child_relpath(name)
+                        for p in self.successor._select_from(
+                                path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
+                            yield p
+
+        def except_iter(exc):
+            return
+            yield
+
+        for x in _try_except_permissionerror_iter(try_iter, except_iter):
+            yield x
+
+
+class _RecursiveWildcardSelector(_Selector):
+
+    def __init__(self, pat, child_parts):
+        _Selector.__init__(self, child_parts)
+
+    def _iterate_directories(self, parent_path, is_dir, scandir):
+        yield parent_path
+
+        def try_iter():
+            entries = list(scandir(parent_path))
+            for entry in entries:
+                if entry.is_dir() and not entry.is_symlink():
+                    path = parent_path._make_child_relpath(entry.name)
+                    for p in self._iterate_directories(path, is_dir, scandir):
+                        yield p
+
+        def except_iter(exc):
+            return
+            yield
+
+        for x in _try_except_permissionerror_iter(try_iter, except_iter):
+            yield x
+
+    def _select_from(self, parent_path, is_dir, exists, scandir):
+        def try_iter():
+            yielded = set()
+            try:
+                successor_select = self.successor._select_from
+                for starting_point in self._iterate_directories(
+                        parent_path, is_dir, scandir):
+                    for p in successor_select(
+                            starting_point, is_dir, exists, scandir):
+                        if p not in yielded:
+                            yield p
+                            yielded.add(p)
+            finally:
+                yielded.clear()
+
+        def except_iter(exc):
+            return
+            yield
+
+        for x in _try_except_permissionerror_iter(try_iter, except_iter):
+            yield x
+
+
+#
+# Public API
+#
+
+class _PathParents(Sequence):
+
+    """This object provides sequence-like access to the logical ancestors
+    of a path.  Don't try to construct it yourself."""
+    __slots__ = ('_pathcls', '_drv', '_root', '_parts')
+
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        # We don't store the instance to avoid reference cycles
+        self._pathcls = type(path)
+        self._drv = path._drv
+        self._root = path._root
+        self._parts = path._parts
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        if self._drv or self._root:
+            return len(self._parts) - 1
+        else:
+            return len(self._parts)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, idx):
+        if idx < 0 or idx >= len(self):
+            raise IndexError(idx)
+        return self._pathcls._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
+                                                self._parts[:-idx - 1])
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<{0}.parents>".format(self._pathcls.__name__)
+
+
+class PurePath(object):
+
+    """PurePath represents a filesystem path and offers operations which
+    don't imply any actual filesystem I/O.  Depending on your system,
+    instantiating a PurePath will return either a PurePosixPath or a
+    PureWindowsPath object.  You can also instantiate either of these classes
+    directly, regardless of your system.
+    """
+    __slots__ = (
+        '_drv', '_root', '_parts',
+        '_str', '_hash', '_pparts', '_cached_cparts',
+    )
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args):
+        """Construct a PurePath from one or several strings and or existing
+        PurePath objects.  The strings and path objects are combined so as
+        to yield a canonicalized path, which is incorporated into the
+        new PurePath object.
+        """
+        if cls is PurePath:
+            cls = PureWindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PurePosixPath
+        return cls._from_parts(args)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        # Using the parts tuple helps share interned path parts
+        # when pickling related paths.
+        return (self.__class__, tuple(self._parts))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parse_args(cls, args):
+        # This is useful when you don't want to create an instance, just
+        # canonicalize some constructor arguments.
+        parts = []
+        for a in args:
+            if isinstance(a, PurePath):
+                parts += a._parts
+            else:
+                if sys.version_info >= (3, 6):
+                    a = os.fspath(a)
+                else:
+                    # duck typing for older Python versions
+                    if hasattr(a, "__fspath__"):
+                        a = a.__fspath__()
+                if isinstance(a, str):
+                    # Force-cast str subclasses to str (issue #21127)
+                    parts.append(str(a))
+                # also handle unicode for PY2 (six.text_type = unicode)
+                elif six.PY2 and isinstance(a, six.text_type):
+                    # cast to str using filesystem encoding
+                    parts.append(a.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding()))
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "argument should be a str object or an os.PathLike "
+                        "object returning str, not %r"
+                        % type(a))
+        return cls._flavour.parse_parts(parts)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parts(cls, args, init=True):
+        # We need to call _parse_args on the instance, so as to get the
+        # right flavour.
+        self = object.__new__(cls)
+        drv, root, parts = self._parse_args(args)
+        self._drv = drv
+        self._root = root
+        self._parts = parts
+        if init:
+            self._init()
+        return self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_parsed_parts(cls, drv, root, parts, init=True):
+        self = object.__new__(cls)
+        self._drv = drv
+        self._root = root
+        self._parts = parts
+        if init:
+            self._init()
+        return self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _format_parsed_parts(cls, drv, root, parts):
+        if drv or root:
+            return drv + root + cls._flavour.join(parts[1:])
+        else:
+            return cls._flavour.join(parts)
+
+    def _init(self):
+        # Overridden in concrete Path
+        pass
+
+    def _make_child(self, args):
+        drv, root, parts = self._parse_args(args)
+        drv, root, parts = self._flavour.join_parsed_parts(
+            self._drv, self._root, self._parts, drv, root, parts)
+        return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, parts)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Return the string representation of the path, suitable for
+        passing to system calls."""
+        try:
+            return self._str
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._str = self._format_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
+                                                  self._parts) or '.'
+            return self._str
+
+    def __fspath__(self):
+        return str(self)
+
+    def as_posix(self):
+        """Return the string representation of the path with forward (/)
+        slashes."""
+        f = self._flavour
+        return str(self).replace(f.sep, '/')
+
+    def __bytes__(self):
+        """Return the bytes representation of the path.  This is only
+        recommended to use under Unix."""
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 2):
+            raise NotImplementedError("needs Python 3.2 or later")
+        return os.fsencode(str(self))
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "{0}({1!r})".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.as_posix())
+
+    def as_uri(self):
+        """Return the path as a 'file' URI."""
+        if not self.is_absolute():
+            raise ValueError("relative path can't be expressed as a file URI")
+        return self._flavour.make_uri(self)
+
+    @property
+    def _cparts(self):
+        # Cached casefolded parts, for hashing and comparison
+        try:
+            return self._cached_cparts
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._cached_cparts = self._flavour.casefold_parts(self._parts)
+            return self._cached_cparts
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if not isinstance(other, PurePath):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return (
+            self._cparts == other._cparts
+            and self._flavour is other._flavour)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return not self == other
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        try:
+            return self._hash
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._hash = hash(tuple(self._cparts))
+            return self._hash
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if (not isinstance(other, PurePath)
+                or self._flavour is not other._flavour):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._cparts < other._cparts
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        if (not isinstance(other, PurePath)
+                or self._flavour is not other._flavour):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._cparts <= other._cparts
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        if (not isinstance(other, PurePath)
+                or self._flavour is not other._flavour):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._cparts > other._cparts
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        if (not isinstance(other, PurePath)
+                or self._flavour is not other._flavour):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self._cparts >= other._cparts
+
+    drive = property(attrgetter('_drv'),
+                     doc="""The drive prefix (letter or UNC path), if any.""")
+
+    root = property(attrgetter('_root'),
+                    doc="""The root of the path, if any.""")
+
+    @property
+    def anchor(self):
+        """The concatenation of the drive and root, or ''."""
+        anchor = self._drv + self._root
+        return anchor
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        """The final path component, if any."""
+        parts = self._parts
+        if len(parts) == (1 if (self._drv or self._root) else 0):
+            return ''
+        return parts[-1]
+
+    @property
+    def suffix(self):
+        """The final component's last suffix, if any."""
+        name = self.name
+        i = name.rfind('.')
+        if 0 < i < len(name) - 1:
+            return name[i:]
+        else:
+            return ''
+
+    @property
+    def suffixes(self):
+        """A list of the final component's suffixes, if any."""
+        name = self.name
+        if name.endswith('.'):
+            return []
+        name = name.lstrip('.')
+        return ['.' + suffix for suffix in name.split('.')[1:]]
+
+    @property
+    def stem(self):
+        """The final path component, minus its last suffix."""
+        name = self.name
+        i = name.rfind('.')
+        if 0 < i < len(name) - 1:
+            return name[:i]
+        else:
+            return name
+
+    def with_name(self, name):
+        """Return a new path with the file name changed."""
+        if not self.name:
+            raise ValueError("%r has an empty name" % (self,))
+        drv, root, parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((name,))
+        if (not name or name[-1] in [self._flavour.sep, self._flavour.altsep]
+                or drv or root or len(parts) != 1):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid name %r" % (name))
+        return self._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
+                                       self._parts[:-1] + [name])
+
+    def with_suffix(self, suffix):
+        """Return a new path with the file suffix changed (or added, if
+        none).
+        """
+        # XXX if suffix is None, should the current suffix be removed?
+        f = self._flavour
+        if f.sep in suffix or f.altsep and f.altsep in suffix:
+            raise ValueError("Invalid suffix %r" % (suffix))
+        if suffix and not suffix.startswith('.') or suffix == '.':
+            raise ValueError("Invalid suffix %r" % (suffix))
+        name = self.name
+        if not name:
+            raise ValueError("%r has an empty name" % (self,))
+        old_suffix = self.suffix
+        if not old_suffix:
+            name = name + suffix
+        else:
+            name = name[:-len(old_suffix)] + suffix
+        return self._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root,
+                                       self._parts[:-1] + [name])
+
+    def relative_to(self, *other):
+        """Return the relative path to another path identified by the passed
+        arguments.  If the operation is not possible (because this is not
+        a subpath of the other path), raise ValueError.
+        """
+        # For the purpose of this method, drive and root are considered
+        # separate parts, i.e.:
+        #   Path('c:/').relative_to('c:')  gives Path('/')
+        #   Path('c:/').relative_to('/')   raise ValueError
+        if not other:
+            raise TypeError("need at least one argument")
+        parts = self._parts
+        drv = self._drv
+        root = self._root
+        if root:
+            abs_parts = [drv, root] + parts[1:]
+        else:
+            abs_parts = parts
+        to_drv, to_root, to_parts = self._parse_args(other)
+        if to_root:
+            to_abs_parts = [to_drv, to_root] + to_parts[1:]
+        else:
+            to_abs_parts = to_parts
+        n = len(to_abs_parts)
+        cf = self._flavour.casefold_parts
+        if (root or drv) if n == 0 else cf(abs_parts[:n]) != cf(to_abs_parts):
+            formatted = self._format_parsed_parts(to_drv, to_root, to_parts)
+            raise ValueError("{0!r} does not start with {1!r}"
+                             .format(str(self), str(formatted)))
+        return self._from_parsed_parts('', root if n == 1 else '',
+                                       abs_parts[n:])
+
+    @property
+    def parts(self):
+        """An object providing sequence-like access to the
+        components in the filesystem path."""
+        # We cache the tuple to avoid building a new one each time .parts
+        # is accessed.  XXX is this necessary?
+        try:
+            return self._pparts
+        except AttributeError:
+            self._pparts = tuple(self._parts)
+            return self._pparts
+
+    def joinpath(self, *args):
+        """Combine this path with one or several arguments, and return a
+        new path representing either a subpath (if all arguments are relative
+        paths) or a totally different path (if one of the arguments is
+        anchored).
+        """
+        return self._make_child(args)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, key):
+        return self._make_child((key,))
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, key):
+        return self._from_parts([key] + self._parts)
+
+    if six.PY2:
+        __div__ = __truediv__
+        __rdiv__ = __rtruediv__
+
+    @property
+    def parent(self):
+        """The logical parent of the path."""
+        drv = self._drv
+        root = self._root
+        parts = self._parts
+        if len(parts) == 1 and (drv or root):
+            return self
+        return self._from_parsed_parts(drv, root, parts[:-1])
+
+    @property
+    def parents(self):
+        """A sequence of this path's logical parents."""
+        return _PathParents(self)
+
+    def is_absolute(self):
+        """True if the path is absolute (has both a root and, if applicable,
+        a drive)."""
+        if not self._root:
+            return False
+        return not self._flavour.has_drv or bool(self._drv)
+
+    def is_reserved(self):
+        """Return True if the path contains one of the special names reserved
+        by the system, if any."""
+        return self._flavour.is_reserved(self._parts)
+
+    def match(self, path_pattern):
+        """
+        Return True if this path matches the given pattern.
+        """
+        cf = self._flavour.casefold
+        path_pattern = cf(path_pattern)
+        drv, root, pat_parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((path_pattern,))
+        if not pat_parts:
+            raise ValueError("empty pattern")
+        if drv and drv != cf(self._drv):
+            return False
+        if root and root != cf(self._root):
+            return False
+        parts = self._cparts
+        if drv or root:
+            if len(pat_parts) != len(parts):
+                return False
+            pat_parts = pat_parts[1:]
+        elif len(pat_parts) > len(parts):
+            return False
+        for part, pat in zip(reversed(parts), reversed(pat_parts)):
+            if not fnmatch.fnmatchcase(part, pat):
+                return False
+        return True
+
+
+# Can't subclass os.PathLike from PurePath and keep the constructor
+# optimizations in PurePath._parse_args().
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 6):
+    os.PathLike.register(PurePath)
+
+
+class PurePosixPath(PurePath):
+    _flavour = _posix_flavour
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class PureWindowsPath(PurePath):
+    _flavour = _windows_flavour
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+# Filesystem-accessing classes
+
+
+class Path(PurePath):
+    __slots__ = (
+        '_accessor',
+        '_closed',
+    )
+
+    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        if cls is Path:
+            cls = WindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else PosixPath
+        self = cls._from_parts(args, init=False)
+        if not self._flavour.is_supported:
+            raise NotImplementedError("cannot instantiate %r on your system"
+                                      % (cls.__name__,))
+        self._init()
+        return self
+
+    def _init(self,
+              # Private non-constructor arguments
+              template=None,
+              ):
+        self._closed = False
+        if template is not None:
+            self._accessor = template._accessor
+        else:
+            self._accessor = _normal_accessor
+
+    def _make_child_relpath(self, part):
+        # This is an optimization used for dir walking.  `part` must be
+        # a single part relative to this path.
+        parts = self._parts + [part]
+        return self._from_parsed_parts(self._drv, self._root, parts)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, t, v, tb):
+        self._closed = True
+
+    def _raise_closed(self):
+        raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed path")
+
+    def _opener(self, name, flags, mode=0o666):
+        # A stub for the opener argument to built-in open()
+        return self._accessor.open(self, flags, mode)
+
+    def _raw_open(self, flags, mode=0o777):
+        """
+        Open the file pointed by this path and return a file descriptor,
+        as os.open() does.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        return self._accessor.open(self, flags, mode)
+
+    # Public API
+
+    @classmethod
+    def cwd(cls):
+        """Return a new path pointing to the current working directory
+        (as returned by os.getcwd()).
+        """
+        return cls(os.getcwd())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def home(cls):
+        """Return a new path pointing to the user's home directory (as
+        returned by os.path.expanduser('~')).
+        """
+        return cls(cls()._flavour.gethomedir(None))
+
+    def samefile(self, other_path):
+        """Return whether other_path is the same or not as this file
+        (as returned by os.path.samefile()).
+        """
+        if hasattr(os.path, "samestat"):
+            st = self.stat()
+            try:
+                other_st = other_path.stat()
+            except AttributeError:
+                other_st = os.stat(other_path)
+            return os.path.samestat(st, other_st)
+        else:
+            filename1 = six.text_type(self)
+            filename2 = six.text_type(other_path)
+            st1 = _win32_get_unique_path_id(filename1)
+            st2 = _win32_get_unique_path_id(filename2)
+            return st1 == st2
+
+    def iterdir(self):
+        """Iterate over the files in this directory.  Does not yield any
+        result for the special paths '.' and '..'.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        for name in self._accessor.listdir(self):
+            if name in ('.', '..'):
+                # Yielding a path object for these makes little sense
+                continue
+            yield self._make_child_relpath(name)
+            if self._closed:
+                self._raise_closed()
+
+    def glob(self, pattern):
+        """Iterate over this subtree and yield all existing files (of any
+        kind, including directories) matching the given pattern.
+        """
+        if not pattern:
+            raise ValueError("Unacceptable pattern: {0!r}".format(pattern))
+        pattern = self._flavour.casefold(pattern)
+        drv, root, pattern_parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((pattern,))
+        if drv or root:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Non-relative patterns are unsupported")
+        selector = _make_selector(tuple(pattern_parts))
+        for p in selector.select_from(self):
+            yield p
+
+    def rglob(self, pattern):
+        """Recursively yield all existing files (of any kind, including
+        directories) matching the given pattern, anywhere in this subtree.
+        """
+        pattern = self._flavour.casefold(pattern)
+        drv, root, pattern_parts = self._flavour.parse_parts((pattern,))
+        if drv or root:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Non-relative patterns are unsupported")
+        selector = _make_selector(("**",) + tuple(pattern_parts))
+        for p in selector.select_from(self):
+            yield p
+
+    def absolute(self):
+        """Return an absolute version of this path.  This function works
+        even if the path doesn't point to anything.
+
+        No normalization is done, i.e. all '.' and '..' will be kept along.
+        Use resolve() to get the canonical path to a file.
+        """
+        # XXX untested yet!
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        if self.is_absolute():
+            return self
+        # FIXME this must defer to the specific flavour (and, under Windows,
+        # use nt._getfullpathname())
+        obj = self._from_parts([os.getcwd()] + self._parts, init=False)
+        obj._init(template=self)
+        return obj
+
+    def resolve(self, strict=False):
+        """
+        Make the path absolute, resolving all symlinks on the way and also
+        normalizing it (for example turning slashes into backslashes under
+        Windows).
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        s = self._flavour.resolve(self, strict=strict)
+        if s is None:
+            # No symlink resolution => for consistency, raise an error if
+            # the path doesn't exist or is forbidden
+            self.stat()
+            s = str(self.absolute())
+        # Now we have no symlinks in the path, it's safe to normalize it.
+        normed = self._flavour.pathmod.normpath(s)
+        obj = self._from_parts((normed,), init=False)
+        obj._init(template=self)
+        return obj
+
+    def stat(self):
+        """
+        Return the result of the stat() system call on this path, like
+        os.stat() does.
+        """
+        return self._accessor.stat(self)
+
+    def owner(self):
+        """
+        Return the login name of the file owner.
+        """
+        import pwd
+        return pwd.getpwuid(self.stat().st_uid).pw_name
+
+    def group(self):
+        """
+        Return the group name of the file gid.
+        """
+        import grp
+        return grp.getgrgid(self.stat().st_gid).gr_name
+
+    def open(self, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None,
+             errors=None, newline=None):
+        """
+        Open the file pointed by this path and return a file object, as
+        the built-in open() function does.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+            return io.open(
+                str(self), mode, buffering, encoding, errors, newline,
+                opener=self._opener)
+        else:
+            return io.open(str(self), mode, buffering,
+                           encoding, errors, newline)
+
+    def read_bytes(self):
+        """
+        Open the file in bytes mode, read it, and close the file.
+        """
+        with self.open(mode='rb') as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+    def read_text(self, encoding=None, errors=None):
+        """
+        Open the file in text mode, read it, and close the file.
+        """
+        with self.open(mode='r', encoding=encoding, errors=errors) as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+    def write_bytes(self, data):
+        """
+        Open the file in bytes mode, write to it, and close the file.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(data, six.binary_type):
+            raise TypeError(
+                'data must be %s, not %s' %
+                (six.binary_type.__name__, data.__class__.__name__))
+        with self.open(mode='wb') as f:
+            return f.write(data)
+
+    def write_text(self, data, encoding=None, errors=None):
+        """
+        Open the file in text mode, write to it, and close the file.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(data, six.text_type):
+            raise TypeError(
+                'data must be %s, not %s' %
+                (six.text_type.__name__, data.__class__.__name__))
+        with self.open(mode='w', encoding=encoding, errors=errors) as f:
+            return f.write(data)
+
+    def touch(self, mode=0o666, exist_ok=True):
+        """
+        Create this file with the given access mode, if it doesn't exist.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        if exist_ok:
+            # First try to bump modification time
+            # Implementation note: GNU touch uses the UTIME_NOW option of
+            # the utimensat() / futimens() functions.
+            try:
+                self._accessor.utime(self, None)
+            except OSError:
+                # Avoid exception chaining
+                pass
+            else:
+                return
+        flags = os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY
+        if not exist_ok:
+            flags |= os.O_EXCL
+        fd = self._raw_open(flags, mode)
+        os.close(fd)
+
+    def mkdir(self, mode=0o777, parents=False, exist_ok=False):
+        """
+        Create a new directory at this given path.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+
+        def _try_func():
+            self._accessor.mkdir(self, mode)
+
+        def _exc_func(exc):
+            if not parents or self.parent == self:
+                raise exc
+            self.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            self.mkdir(mode, parents=False, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+
+        try:
+            _try_except_filenotfounderror(_try_func, _exc_func)
+        except OSError:
+            if not exist_ok or not self.is_dir():
+                raise
+
+    def chmod(self, mode):
+        """
+        Change the permissions of the path, like os.chmod().
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        self._accessor.chmod(self, mode)
+
+    def lchmod(self, mode):
+        """
+        Like chmod(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's
+        permissions are changed, rather than its target's.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        self._accessor.lchmod(self, mode)
+
+    def unlink(self):
+        """
+        Remove this file or link.
+        If the path is a directory, use rmdir() instead.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        self._accessor.unlink(self)
+
+    def rmdir(self):
+        """
+        Remove this directory.  The directory must be empty.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        self._accessor.rmdir(self)
+
+    def lstat(self):
+        """
+        Like stat(), except if the path points to a symlink, the symlink's
+        status information is returned, rather than its target's.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        return self._accessor.lstat(self)
+
+    def rename(self, target):
+        """
+        Rename this path to the given path.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        self._accessor.rename(self, target)
+
+    def replace(self, target):
+        """
+        Rename this path to the given path, clobbering the existing
+        destination if it exists.
+        """
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 3):
+            raise NotImplementedError("replace() is only available "
+                                      "with Python 3.3 and later")
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        self._accessor.replace(self, target)
+
+    def symlink_to(self, target, target_is_directory=False):
+        """
+        Make this path a symlink pointing to the given path.
+        Note the order of arguments (self, target) is the reverse of
+        os.symlink's.
+        """
+        if self._closed:
+            self._raise_closed()
+        self._accessor.symlink(target, self, target_is_directory)
+
+    # Convenience functions for querying the stat results
+
+    def exists(self):
+        """
+        Whether this path exists.
+        """
+        try:
+            self.stat()
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR):
+                raise
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    def is_dir(self):
+        """
+        Whether this path is a directory.
+        """
+        try:
+            return S_ISDIR(self.stat().st_mode)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR):
+                raise
+            # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
+            # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/)
+            return False
+
+    def is_file(self):
+        """
+        Whether this path is a regular file (also True for symlinks pointing
+        to regular files).
+        """
+        try:
+            return S_ISREG(self.stat().st_mode)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR):
+                raise
+            # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
+            # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/)
+            return False
+
+    def is_symlink(self):
+        """
+        Whether this path is a symbolic link.
+        """
+        try:
+            return S_ISLNK(self.lstat().st_mode)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR):
+                raise
+            # Path doesn't exist
+            return False
+
+    def is_block_device(self):
+        """
+        Whether this path is a block device.
+        """
+        try:
+            return S_ISBLK(self.stat().st_mode)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR):
+                raise
+            # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
+            # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/)
+            return False
+
+    def is_char_device(self):
+        """
+        Whether this path is a character device.
+        """
+        try:
+            return S_ISCHR(self.stat().st_mode)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR):
+                raise
+            # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
+            # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/)
+            return False
+
+    def is_fifo(self):
+        """
+        Whether this path is a FIFO.
+        """
+        try:
+            return S_ISFIFO(self.stat().st_mode)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR):
+                raise
+            # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
+            # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/)
+            return False
+
+    def is_socket(self):
+        """
+        Whether this path is a socket.
+        """
+        try:
+            return S_ISSOCK(self.stat().st_mode)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno not in (ENOENT, ENOTDIR):
+                raise
+            # Path doesn't exist or is a broken symlink
+            # (see https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/12/)
+            return False
+
+    def expanduser(self):
+        """ Return a new path with expanded ~ and ~user constructs
+        (as returned by os.path.expanduser)
+        """
+        if (not (self._drv or self._root)
+                and self._parts and self._parts[0][:1] == '~'):
+            homedir = self._flavour.gethomedir(self._parts[0][1:])
+            return self._from_parts([homedir] + self._parts[1:])
+
+        return self
+
+
+class PosixPath(Path, PurePosixPath):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+
+class WindowsPath(Path, PureWindowsPath):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def owner(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError("Path.owner() is unsupported on this system")
+
+    def group(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError("Path.group() is unsupported on this system")
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..9d43212
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+six
+scandir; python_version < '3.5'
+mock; python_version < '3.3'
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..81f27fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[nosetests]
+with-coverage = 1
+cover-package = pathlib2
+cover-branches = 1
+cover-html = 1
+
+[wheel]
+universal = 1
+
+[egg_info]
+tag_build = 
+tag_date = 0
+
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..ec7367c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Matthias C. M. Troffaes
+# Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Antoine Pitrou and contributors
+# Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
+
+import io
+from setuptools import setup, find_packages
+
+
+def readfile(filename):
+    with io.open(filename, encoding="utf-8") as stream:
+        return stream.read().split("\n")
+
+
+readme = readfile("README.rst")[5:]  # skip title and badges
+version = readfile("VERSION")[0].strip()
+
+setup(
+    name='pathlib2',
+    version=version,
+    packages=find_packages(),
+    license='MIT',
+    description='Object-oriented filesystem paths',
+    long_description="\n".join(readme[2:]),
+    author='Matthias C. M. Troffaes',
+    author_email='matthias.troffaes@gmail.com',
+    classifiers=[
+        'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
+        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
+        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
+        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
+        'Programming Language :: Python',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.4',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
+        'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries',
+        'Topic :: System :: Filesystems',
+        ],
+    download_url='https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pathlib2/',
+    url='https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pathlib2/',
+    install_requires=['six'],
+    extras_require={
+        ':python_version<"3.5"': ['scandir'],
+        },
+)
diff --git a/tests/test_pathlib2.py b/tests/test_pathlib2.py
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..9bbb498
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,2401 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Matthias C. M. Troffaes
+# Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Antoine Pitrou and contributors
+# Distributed under the terms of the MIT License.
+
+
+import io
+import os
+import errno
+import pathlib2 as pathlib
+import pickle
+import six
+import socket
+import stat
+import sys
+import tempfile
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+    import collections.abc as collections_abc
+else:
+    import collections as collections_abc
+
+if sys.version_info < (2, 7):
+    try:
+        import unittest2 as unittest
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError("unittest2 is required for tests on pre-2.7")
+else:
+    import unittest
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 3):
+    try:
+        import mock
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImportError("mock is required for tests on pre-3.3")
+else:
+    from unittest import mock
+
+# assertRaisesRegex is missing prior to Python 3.2
+if sys.version_info < (3, 2):
+    unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegex = unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegexp
+
+try:
+    from test import support
+except ImportError:
+    from test import test_support as support
+
+android_not_root = getattr(support, "android_not_root", False)
+
+TESTFN = support.TESTFN
+
+# work around broken support.rmtree on Python 3.3 on Windows
+if (os.name == 'nt'
+        and sys.version_info >= (3, 0) and sys.version_info < (3, 4)):
+    import shutil
+    support.rmtree = shutil.rmtree
+
+try:
+    import grp
+    import pwd
+except ImportError:
+    grp = pwd = None
+
+# support.can_symlink is missing prior to Python 3
+if six.PY2:
+
+    def support_can_symlink():
+        return pathlib.supports_symlinks
+
+    support_skip_unless_symlink = unittest.skipIf(
+        not pathlib.supports_symlinks,
+        "symlinks not supported on this platform")
+else:
+    support_can_symlink = support.can_symlink
+    support_skip_unless_symlink = support.skip_unless_symlink
+
+
+# Backported from 3.4
+def fs_is_case_insensitive(directory):
+    """Detects if the file system for the specified directory is
+    case-insensitive.
+    """
+    base_fp, base_path = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=directory)
+    case_path = base_path.upper()
+    if case_path == base_path:
+        case_path = base_path.lower()
+    try:
+        return os.path.samefile(base_path, case_path)
+    except OSError as e:
+        if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
+            raise
+        return False
+    finally:
+        os.unlink(base_path)
+
+
+support.fs_is_case_insensitive = fs_is_case_insensitive
+
+
+class _BaseFlavourTest(object):
+
+    def _check_parse_parts(self, arg, expected):
+        f = self.flavour.parse_parts
+        sep = self.flavour.sep
+        altsep = self.flavour.altsep
+        actual = f([x.replace('/', sep) for x in arg])
+        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+        if altsep:
+            actual = f([x.replace('/', altsep) for x in arg])
+            self.assertEqual(actual, expected)
+        drv, root, parts = actual
+        # neither bytes (py3) nor unicode (py2)
+        self.assertIsInstance(drv, str)
+        self.assertIsInstance(root, str)
+        for p in parts:
+            self.assertIsInstance(p, str)
+
+    def test_parse_parts_common(self):
+        check = self._check_parse_parts
+        sep = self.flavour.sep
+        # Unanchored parts
+        check([],                   ('', '', []))
+        check(['a'],                ('', '', ['a']))
+        check(['a/'],               ('', '', ['a']))
+        check(['a', 'b'],           ('', '', ['a', 'b']))
+        # Expansion
+        check(['a/b'],              ('', '', ['a', 'b']))
+        check(['a/b/'],             ('', '', ['a', 'b']))
+        check(['a', 'b/c', 'd'],    ('', '', ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
+        # Collapsing and stripping excess slashes
+        check(['a', 'b//c', 'd'],   ('', '', ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
+        check(['a', 'b/c/', 'd'],   ('', '', ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
+        # Eliminating standalone dots
+        check(['.'],                ('', '', []))
+        check(['.', '.', 'b'],      ('', '', ['b']))
+        check(['a', '.', 'b'],      ('', '', ['a', 'b']))
+        check(['a', '.', '.'],      ('', '', ['a']))
+        # The first part is anchored
+        check(['/a/b'],             ('', sep, [sep, 'a', 'b']))
+        check(['/a', 'b'],          ('', sep, [sep, 'a', 'b']))
+        check(['/a/', 'b'],         ('', sep, [sep, 'a', 'b']))
+        # Ignoring parts before an anchored part
+        check(['a', '/b', 'c'],     ('', sep, [sep, 'b', 'c']))
+        check(['a', '/b', '/c'],    ('', sep, [sep, 'c']))
+
+
+class PosixFlavourTest(_BaseFlavourTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    flavour = pathlib._posix_flavour
+
+    def test_parse_parts(self):
+        check = self._check_parse_parts
+        # Collapsing of excess leading slashes, except for the double-slash
+        # special case.
+        check(['//a', 'b'],             ('', '//', ['//', 'a', 'b']))
+        check(['///a', 'b'],            ('', '/', ['/', 'a', 'b']))
+        check(['////a', 'b'],           ('', '/', ['/', 'a', 'b']))
+        # Paths which look like NT paths aren't treated specially
+        check(['c:a'],                  ('', '', ['c:a']))
+        check(['c:\\a'],                ('', '', ['c:\\a']))
+        check(['\\a'],                  ('', '', ['\\a']))
+
+    def test_splitroot(self):
+        f = self.flavour.splitroot
+        self.assertEqual(f(''), ('', '', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(f('a'), ('', '', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('a/b'), ('', '', 'a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('a/b/'), ('', '', 'a/b/'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('/a'), ('', '/', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('/a/b'), ('', '/', 'a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('/a/b/'), ('', '/', 'a/b/'))
+        # The root is collapsed when there are redundant slashes
+        # except when there are exactly two leading slashes, which
+        # is a special case in POSIX.
+        self.assertEqual(f('//a'), ('', '//', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('///a'), ('', '/', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('///a/b'), ('', '/', 'a/b'))
+        # Paths which look like NT paths aren't treated specially
+        self.assertEqual(f('c:/a/b'), ('', '', 'c:/a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\/a/b'), ('', '', '\\/a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\a\\b'), ('', '', '\\a\\b'))
+
+
+class NTFlavourTest(_BaseFlavourTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    flavour = pathlib._windows_flavour
+
+    def test_parse_parts(self):
+        check = self._check_parse_parts
+        # First part is anchored
+        check(['c:'],                ('c:', '', ['c:']))
+        check(['c:/'],               ('c:', '\\', ['c:\\']))
+        check(['/'],                 ('', '\\', ['\\']))
+        check(['c:a'],               ('c:', '', ['c:', 'a']))
+        check(['c:/a'],              ('c:', '\\', ['c:\\', 'a']))
+        check(['/a'],                ('', '\\', ['\\', 'a']))
+        # UNC paths
+        check(['//a/b'],             ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', ['\\\\a\\b\\']))
+        check(['//a/b/'],            ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', ['\\\\a\\b\\']))
+        check(['//a/b/c'],           ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', ['\\\\a\\b\\', 'c']))
+        # Second part is anchored, so that the first part is ignored
+        check(['a', 'Z:b', 'c'],     ('Z:', '', ['Z:', 'b', 'c']))
+        check(['a', 'Z:/b', 'c'],    ('Z:', '\\', ['Z:\\', 'b', 'c']))
+        # UNC paths
+        check(['a', '//b/c', 'd'],   ('\\\\b\\c', '\\', ['\\\\b\\c\\', 'd']))
+        # Collapsing and stripping excess slashes
+        check(['a', 'Z://b//c/', 'd/'], ('Z:', '\\', ['Z:\\', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
+        # UNC paths
+        check(['a', '//b/c//', 'd'], ('\\\\b\\c', '\\', ['\\\\b\\c\\', 'd']))
+        # Extended paths
+        check(['//?/c:/'],           ('\\\\?\\c:', '\\', ['\\\\?\\c:\\']))
+        check(['//?/c:/a'],          ('\\\\?\\c:', '\\', ['\\\\?\\c:\\', 'a']))
+        check(['//?/c:/a', '/b'],    ('\\\\?\\c:', '\\', ['\\\\?\\c:\\', 'b']))
+        # Extended UNC paths (format is "\\?\UNC\server\share")
+        check(['//?/UNC/b/c'],
+              ('\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c', '\\', ['\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c\\']))
+        check(['//?/UNC/b/c/d'],
+              ('\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c', '\\', ['\\\\?\\UNC\\b\\c\\', 'd']))
+        # Second part has a root but not drive
+        check(['a', '/b', 'c'],      ('', '\\', ['\\', 'b', 'c']))
+        check(['Z:/a', '/b', 'c'],   ('Z:', '\\', ['Z:\\', 'b', 'c']))
+        check(['//?/Z:/a', '/b', 'c'],
+              ('\\\\?\\Z:', '\\', ['\\\\?\\Z:\\', 'b', 'c']))
+
+    def test_splitroot(self):
+        f = self.flavour.splitroot
+        self.assertEqual(f(''), ('', '', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(f('a'), ('', '', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('a\\b'), ('', '', 'a\\b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\a'), ('', '\\', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\a\\b'), ('', '\\', 'a\\b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('c:a\\b'), ('c:', '', 'a\\b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('c:\\a\\b'), ('c:', '\\', 'a\\b'))
+        # Redundant slashes in the root are collapsed
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\a'), ('', '\\', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\\\a/b'), ('', '\\', 'a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('c:\\\\a'), ('c:', '\\', 'a'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('c:\\\\\\a/b'), ('c:', '\\', 'a/b'))
+        # Valid UNC paths
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\a\\b'), ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\a\\b\\'), ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', ''))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\a\\b\\c\\d'), ('\\\\a\\b', '\\', 'c\\d'))
+        # These are non-UNC paths (according to ntpath.py and test_ntpath)
+        # However, command.com says such paths are invalid, so it's
+        # difficult to know what the right semantics are
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\\\a\\b'), ('', '\\', 'a\\b'))
+        self.assertEqual(f('\\\\a'), ('', '\\', 'a'))
+
+
+#
+# Tests for the pure classes
+#
+
+with_fsencode = unittest.skipIf(
+    sys.version_info < (3, 2),
+    'os.fsencode has been introduced in version 3.2')
+
+
+class _BasePurePathTest(object):
+
+    # keys are canonical paths, values are list of tuples of arguments
+    # supposed to produce equal paths
+    equivalences = {
+        'a/b': [
+            ('a', 'b'), ('a/', 'b'), ('a', 'b/'), ('a/', 'b/'),
+            ('a/b/',), ('a//b',), ('a//b//',),
+            # empty components get removed
+            ('', 'a', 'b'), ('a', '', 'b'), ('a', 'b', ''),
+            ],
+        '/b/c/d': [
+            ('a', '/b/c', 'd'), ('a', '///b//c', 'd/'),
+            ('/a', '/b/c', 'd'),
+            # empty components get removed
+            ('/', 'b', '', 'c/d'), ('/', '', 'b/c/d'), ('', '/b/c/d'),
+            ],
+    }
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        p = self.cls('a')
+        self.flavour = p._flavour
+        self.sep = self.flavour.sep
+        self.altsep = self.flavour.altsep
+
+    def test_constructor_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a')
+        self.assertIsInstance(p, P)
+
+        class PathLike:
+            def __fspath__(self):
+                return "a/b/c"
+
+        P('a', 'b', 'c')
+        P('/a', 'b', 'c')
+        P('a/b/c')
+        P('/a/b/c')
+        P(PathLike())
+        self.assertEqual(P(P('a')), P('a'))
+        self.assertEqual(P(P('a'), 'b'), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P(P('a'), P('b')), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P(P('a'), P('b'), P('c')), P(PathLike()))
+
+    def _check_str_subclass(self, *args):
+        # Issue #21127: it should be possible to construct a PurePath object
+        # from a str subclass instance, and it then gets converted to
+        # a pure str object.
+        class StrSubclass(str):
+            pass
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(*(StrSubclass(x) for x in args))
+        self.assertEqual(p, P(*args))
+        for part in p.parts:
+            self.assertIs(type(part), str)
+
+    def test_str_subclass_common(self):
+        self._check_str_subclass('')
+        self._check_str_subclass('.')
+        self._check_str_subclass('a')
+        self._check_str_subclass('a/b.txt')
+        self._check_str_subclass('/a/b.txt')
+
+    def test_join_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b')
+        pp = p.joinpath('c')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c'))
+        self.assertIs(type(pp), type(p))
+        pp = p.joinpath('c', 'd')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c/d'))
+        pp = p.joinpath(P('c'))
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c'))
+        pp = p.joinpath('/c')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('/c'))
+
+    def test_div_common(self):
+        # Basically the same as joinpath()
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b')
+        pp = p / 'c'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c'))
+        self.assertIs(type(pp), type(p))
+        pp = p / 'c/d'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c/d'))
+        pp = p / 'c' / 'd'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c/d'))
+        pp = 'c' / p / 'd'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('c/a/b/d'))
+        pp = p / P('c')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('a/b/c'))
+        pp = p / '/c'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('/c'))
+
+    def _check_str(self, expected, args):
+        p = self.cls(*args)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), expected.replace('/', self.sep))
+
+    def test_str_common(self):
+        # Canonicalized paths roundtrip
+        for pathstr in ('a', 'a/b', 'a/b/c', '/', '/a/b', '/a/b/c'):
+            self._check_str(pathstr, (pathstr,))
+        # Special case for the empty path
+        self._check_str('.', ('',))
+        # Other tests for str() are in test_equivalences()
+
+    def test_as_posix_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        for pathstr in ('a', 'a/b', 'a/b/c', '/', '/a/b', '/a/b/c'):
+            self.assertEqual(P(pathstr).as_posix(), pathstr)
+        # Other tests for as_posix() are in test_equivalences()
+
+    @with_fsencode
+    def test_as_bytes_common(self):
+        sep = os.fsencode(self.sep)
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(bytes(P('a/b')), b'a' + sep + b'b')
+
+    def test_as_uri_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            P('a').as_uri()
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            P().as_uri()
+
+    def test_repr_common(self):
+        for pathstr in ('a', 'a/b', 'a/b/c', '/', '/a/b', '/a/b/c'):
+            p = self.cls(pathstr)
+            clsname = p.__class__.__name__
+            r = repr(p)
+            # The repr() is in the form ClassName("forward-slashes path")
+            self.assertTrue(r.startswith(clsname + '('), r)
+            self.assertTrue(r.endswith(')'), r)
+            inner = r[len(clsname) + 1: -1]
+            self.assertEqual(eval(inner), p.as_posix())
+            # The repr() roundtrips
+            q = eval(r, pathlib.__dict__)
+            self.assertIs(q.__class__, p.__class__)
+            self.assertEqual(q, p)
+            self.assertEqual(repr(q), r)
+
+    def test_eq_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b'), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b'), P('a', 'b'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('a/b'), P('a'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('a/b'), P('/a/b'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('a/b'), P())
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('/a/b'), P('/'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P(), P('/'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P(), "")
+        self.assertNotEqual(P(), {})
+        self.assertNotEqual(P(), int)
+
+    def test_match_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a').match, '')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a').match, '.')
+        # Simple relative pattern
+        self.assertTrue(P('b.py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('a/b.py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('/a/b.py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('a.py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b/py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/a.py').match('b.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py/c').match('b.py'))
+        # Wilcard relative pattern
+        self.assertTrue(P('b.py').match('*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('a/b.py').match('*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('/a/b.py').match('*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.pyc').match('*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b./py').match('*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py/c').match('*.py'))
+        # Multi-part relative pattern
+        self.assertTrue(P('ab/c.py').match('a*/*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('/d/ab/c.py').match('a*/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('a.py').match('a*/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/dab/c.py').match('a*/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('ab/c.py/d').match('a*/*.py'))
+        # Absolute pattern
+        self.assertTrue(P('/b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('a/b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/a/b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        # Multi-part absolute pattern
+        self.assertTrue(P('/a/b.py').match('/a/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/ab.py').match('/a/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/a/b/c.py').match('/a/*.py'))
+
+    def test_ordering_common(self):
+        # Ordering is tuple-alike
+        def assertLess(a, b):
+            self.assertLess(a, b)
+            self.assertGreater(b, a)
+        P = self.cls
+        a = P('a')
+        b = P('a/b')
+        c = P('abc')
+        d = P('b')
+        assertLess(a, b)
+        assertLess(a, c)
+        assertLess(a, d)
+        assertLess(b, c)
+        assertLess(c, d)
+        P = self.cls
+        a = P('/a')
+        b = P('/a/b')
+        c = P('/abc')
+        d = P('/b')
+        assertLess(a, b)
+        assertLess(a, c)
+        assertLess(a, d)
+        assertLess(b, c)
+        assertLess(c, d)
+        if sys.version_info > (3,):
+            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                P() < {}
+        else:
+            P() < {}
+
+    def test_parts_common(self):
+        # `parts` returns a tuple
+        sep = self.sep
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b')
+        parts = p.parts
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('a', 'b'))
+        # The object gets reused
+        self.assertIs(parts, p.parts)
+        # When the path is absolute, the anchor is a separate part
+        p = P('/a/b')
+        parts = p.parts
+        self.assertEqual(parts, (sep, 'a', 'b'))
+
+    def test_fspath_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b')
+        self._check_str(p.__fspath__(), ('a/b',))
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 6):
+            self._check_str(os.fspath(p), ('a/b',))
+
+    def test_equivalences(self):
+        for k, tuples in self.equivalences.items():
+            canon = k.replace('/', self.sep)
+            posix = k.replace(self.sep, '/')
+            if canon != posix:
+                tuples = tuples + [
+                    tuple(part.replace('/', self.sep) for part in t)
+                    for t in tuples
+                    ]
+                tuples.append((posix, ))
+            pcanon = self.cls(canon)
+            for t in tuples:
+                p = self.cls(*t)
+                self.assertEqual(p, pcanon, "failed with args {0}".format(t))
+                self.assertEqual(hash(p), hash(pcanon))
+                self.assertEqual(str(p), canon)
+                self.assertEqual(p.as_posix(), posix)
+
+    def test_parent_common(self):
+        # Relative
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('a'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent.parent, P())
+        # Anchored
+        p = P('/a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('/a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('/a'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('/'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent.parent, P('/'))
+
+    def test_parents_common(self):
+        # Relative
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b/c')
+        par = p.parents
+        self.assertEqual(len(par), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('a'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[2], P('.'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('a/b'), P('a'), P('.')])
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[-1]
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[3]
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            par[0] = p
+        # Anchored
+        p = P('/a/b/c')
+        par = p.parents
+        self.assertEqual(len(par), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('/a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('/a'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[2], P('/'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('/a/b'), P('/a'), P('/')])
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[3]
+
+    def test_drive_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').drive, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').drive, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('').drive, '')
+
+    def test_root_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        sep = self.sep
+        self.assertEqual(P('').root, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').root, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').root, sep)
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').root, sep)
+
+    def test_anchor_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        sep = self.sep
+        self.assertEqual(P('').anchor, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').anchor, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').anchor, sep)
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').anchor, sep)
+
+    def test_name_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('.').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').name, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').name, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b/.').name, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').name, 'b.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.py').name, 'b.py')
+
+    def test_suffix_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('.').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('..').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b/.').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').suffix, '.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.py').suffix, '.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hgrc').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/.hgrc').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hg.rc').suffix, '.rc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/.hg.rc').suffix, '.rc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.tar.gz').suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.tar.gz').suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffix, '')
+
+    def test_suffixes_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('.').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b/.').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').suffixes, ['.py'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.py').suffixes, ['.py'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hgrc').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/.hgrc').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hg.rc').suffixes, ['.rc'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/.hg.rc').suffixes, ['.rc'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.tar.gz').suffixes, ['.tar', '.gz'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.tar.gz').suffixes, ['.tar', '.gz'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffixes, [])
+
+    def test_stem_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('.').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('..').stem, '..')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').stem, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').stem, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hgrc').stem, '.hgrc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/.hg.rc').stem, '.hg')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.tar.gz').stem, 'b.tar')
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').stem,
+                         'Some name. Ending with a dot.')
+
+    def test_with_name_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').with_name('d.xml'), P('a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').with_name('d.xml'), P('/a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').with_name('d.xml'), P('a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.py').with_name('d.xml'), P('/a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/Dot ending.').with_name('d.xml'), P('a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/Dot ending.').with_name('d.xml'), P('/a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('').with_name, 'd.xml')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('.').with_name, 'd.xml')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('/').with_name, 'd.xml')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_name, '')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_name, '/c')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_name, 'c/')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_name, 'c/d')
+
+    def test_with_suffix_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b').with_suffix('.gz'), P('a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').with_suffix('.gz'), P('/a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').with_suffix('.gz'), P('a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.py').with_suffix('.gz'), P('/a/b.gz'))
+        # Stripping suffix
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/b.py').with_suffix(''), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').with_suffix(''), P('/a/b'))
+        # Path doesn't have a "filename" component
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('.').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('/').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        # Invalid suffix
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, 'gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, '/')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, '.')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, '/.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, 'c/d')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, '.c/.d')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, './.d')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('a/b').with_suffix, '.d/.')
+
+    def test_relative_to_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('a/b')
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, p.relative_to)
+        if six.PY3:
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, p.relative_to, b'a')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P()), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(''), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('a')), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('a'), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('a/'), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('a/b')), P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('a/b'), P())
+        # With several args
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('a', 'b'), P())
+        # Unrelated paths
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('a/b/c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('a/c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/a'))
+        p = P('/a/b')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('/')), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('/'), P('a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('/a')), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('/a'), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('/a/'), P('b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('/a/b')), P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('/a/b'), P())
+        # Unrelated paths
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/a/b/c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/a/c'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P())
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, '')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('a'))
+
+    def test_pickling_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('/a/b')
+        for proto in range(0, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            dumped = pickle.dumps(p, proto)
+            pp = pickle.loads(dumped)
+            self.assertIs(pp.__class__, p.__class__)
+            self.assertEqual(pp, p)
+            self.assertEqual(hash(pp), hash(p))
+            self.assertEqual(str(pp), str(p))
+
+    # note: this is a new test not part of upstream
+    # test that unicode works on Python 2
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        six.unichr(0x0100).encode(
+            sys.getfilesystemencoding(), "replace") == b"?",
+        "file system encoding only supports ascii")
+    def test_unicode(self):
+        self.cls(six.unichr(0x0100))
+
+
+class PurePosixPathTest(_BasePurePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.PurePosixPath
+
+    def test_root(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b').root, '/')
+        self.assertEqual(P('///a/b').root, '/')
+        # POSIX special case for two leading slashes
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').root, '//')
+
+    def test_eq(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('a/b'), P('A/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a'), P('///a'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('/a'), P('//a'))
+
+    def test_as_uri(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('/').as_uri(), 'file:///')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b.c').as_uri(), 'file:///a/b.c')
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b%#c').as_uri(), 'file:///a/b%25%23c')
+
+    @with_fsencode
+    def test_as_uri_non_ascii(self):
+        from urllib.parse import quote_from_bytes
+        P = self.cls
+        try:
+            os.fsencode('\xe9')
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            self.skipTest("\\xe9 cannot be encoded to the filesystem encoding")
+        self.assertEqual(P('/a/b\xe9').as_uri(),
+                         'file:///a/b' + quote_from_bytes(os.fsencode('\xe9')))
+
+    def test_match(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertFalse(P('A.py').match('a.PY'))
+
+    def test_is_absolute(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertFalse(P().is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('/a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('/a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b').is_absolute())
+
+    def test_is_reserved(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertIs(False, P('').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/foo/bar').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/dev/con/PRN/NUL').is_reserved())
+
+    def test_join(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('//a')
+        pp = p.joinpath('b')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//a/b'))
+        pp = P('/a').joinpath('//c')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//c'))
+        pp = P('//a').joinpath('/c')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('/c'))
+
+    def test_div(self):
+        # Basically the same as joinpath()
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('//a')
+        pp = p / 'b'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//a/b'))
+        pp = P('/a') / '//c'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//c'))
+        pp = P('//a') / '/c'
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('/c'))
+
+
+class PureWindowsPathTest(_BasePurePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.PureWindowsPath
+
+    equivalences = _BasePurePathTest.equivalences.copy()
+    equivalences.update({
+        'c:a': [('c:', 'a'), ('c:', 'a/'), ('/', 'c:', 'a')],
+        'c:/a': [
+            ('c:/', 'a'), ('c:', '/', 'a'), ('c:', '/a'),
+            ('/z', 'c:/', 'a'), ('//x/y', 'c:/', 'a'),
+            ],
+        '//a/b/': [('//a/b',)],
+        '//a/b/c': [
+            ('//a/b', 'c'), ('//a/b/', 'c'),
+            ],
+    })
+
+    def test_str(self):
+        p = self.cls('a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), 'a\\b\\c')
+        p = self.cls('c:/a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), 'c:\\a\\b\\c')
+        p = self.cls('//a/b')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), '\\\\a\\b\\')
+        p = self.cls('//a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), '\\\\a\\b\\c')
+        p = self.cls('//a/b/c/d')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), '\\\\a\\b\\c\\d')
+
+    def test_str_subclass(self):
+        self._check_str_subclass('c:')
+        self._check_str_subclass('c:a')
+        self._check_str_subclass('c:a\\b.txt')
+        self._check_str_subclass('c:\\')
+        self._check_str_subclass('c:\\a')
+        self._check_str_subclass('c:\\a\\b.txt')
+        self._check_str_subclass('\\\\some\\share')
+        self._check_str_subclass('\\\\some\\share\\a')
+        self._check_str_subclass('\\\\some\\share\\a\\b.txt')
+
+    def test_eq(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('c:a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('c:', 'a', 'b'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('d:a/b'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('c:a/b'), P('c:/a/b'))
+        self.assertNotEqual(P('/a/b'), P('c:/a/b'))
+        # Case-insensitivity
+        self.assertEqual(P('a/B'), P('A/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('C:a/B'), P('c:A/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('//Some/SHARE/a/B'), P('//somE/share/A/b'))
+
+    @with_fsencode
+    def test_as_uri(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            P('/a/b').as_uri()
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            P('c:a/b').as_uri()
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.c').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/a/b.c')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b%#c').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/a/b%25%23c')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b\xe9').as_uri(), 'file:///c:/a/b%C3%A9')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//some/share/').as_uri(), 'file://some/share/')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//some/share/a/b.c').as_uri(),
+                         'file://some/share/a/b.c')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//some/share/a/b%#c\xe9').as_uri(),
+                         'file://some/share/a/b%25%23c%C3%A9')
+
+    def test_match_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        # Absolute patterns
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/b.py').match('c:*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('d:/b.py').match('c:/*.py'))  # wrong drive
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('c:*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('c:b.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('c:b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/b.py').match('c:*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('/b.py').match('c:/*.py'))
+        # UNC patterns
+        self.assertTrue(P('//some/share/a.py').match('/*.py'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('//some/share/a.py').match('//some/share/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('//other/share/a.py').match('//some/share/*.py'))
+        self.assertFalse(P('//some/share/a/b.py').match('//some/share/*.py'))
+        # Case-insensitivity
+        self.assertTrue(P('B.py').match('b.PY'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/a/B.Py').match('C:/A/*.pY'))
+        self.assertTrue(P('//Some/Share/B.Py').match('//somE/sharE/*.pY'))
+
+    def test_ordering_common(self):
+        # Case-insensitivity
+        def assertOrderedEqual(a, b):
+            self.assertLessEqual(a, b)
+            self.assertGreaterEqual(b, a)
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('c:A/b')
+        q = P('C:a/B')
+        assertOrderedEqual(p, q)
+        self.assertFalse(p < q)
+        self.assertFalse(p > q)
+        p = P('//some/Share/A/b')
+        q = P('//Some/SHARE/a/B')
+        assertOrderedEqual(p, q)
+        self.assertFalse(p < q)
+        self.assertFalse(p > q)
+
+    def test_parts(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('c:a/b')
+        parts = p.parts
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('c:', 'a', 'b'))
+        p = P('c:/a/b')
+        parts = p.parts
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('c:\\', 'a', 'b'))
+        p = P('//a/b/c/d')
+        parts = p.parts
+        self.assertEqual(parts, ('\\\\a\\b\\', 'c', 'd'))
+
+    def test_parent(self):
+        # Anchored
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('z:a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('z:a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('z:a'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('z:'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent.parent, P('z:'))
+        p = P('z:/a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('z:/a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('z:/a'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('z:/'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent.parent, P('z:/'))
+        p = P('//a/b/c/d')
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent, P('//a/b/c'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent, P('//a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.parent.parent.parent, P('//a/b'))
+
+    def test_parents(self):
+        # Anchored
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('z:a/b/')
+        par = p.parents
+        self.assertEqual(len(par), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('z:a'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('z:'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('z:a'), P('z:')])
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[2]
+        p = P('z:/a/b/')
+        par = p.parents
+        self.assertEqual(len(par), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('z:/a'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('z:/'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('z:/a'), P('z:/')])
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[2]
+        p = P('//a/b/c/d')
+        par = p.parents
+        self.assertEqual(len(par), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(par[0], P('//a/b/c'))
+        self.assertEqual(par[1], P('//a/b'))
+        self.assertEqual(list(par), [P('//a/b/c'), P('//a/b')])
+        with self.assertRaises(IndexError):
+            par[2]
+
+    def test_drive(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').drive, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').drive, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').drive, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b/').drive, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').drive, '\\\\a\\b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/').drive, '\\\\a\\b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/c/d').drive, '\\\\a\\b')
+
+    def test_root(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').root, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').root, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').root, '\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b/').root, '\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').root, '\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/').root, '\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/c/d').root, '\\')
+
+    def test_anchor(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').anchor, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').anchor, 'c:')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').anchor, 'c:\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b/').anchor, 'c:\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b').anchor, '\\\\a\\b\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/').anchor, '\\\\a\\b\\')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//a/b/c/d').anchor, '\\\\a\\b\\')
+
+    def test_name(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').name, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').name, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').name, 'b.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').name, 'b.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php').name, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php/a/b').name, 'b')
+
+    def test_suffix(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').suffix, '.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').suffix, '.py')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hgrc').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hgrc').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hg.rc').suffix, '.rc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hg.rc').suffix, '.rc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.tar.gz').suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.tar.gz').suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php').suffix, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php/a/b').suffix, '')
+
+    def test_suffixes(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').suffixes, ['.py'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').suffixes, ['.py'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hgrc').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hgrc').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hg.rc').suffixes, ['.rc'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/.hg.rc').suffixes, ['.rc'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.tar.gz').suffixes, ['.tar', '.gz'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.tar.gz').suffixes, ['.tar', '.gz'])
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('//My.py/Share.php/a/b').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffixes, [])
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').suffixes, [])
+
+    def test_stem(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:.').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:..').stem, '..')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/').stem, '')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').stem, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').stem, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hgrc').stem, '.hgrc')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/.hg.rc').stem, '.hg')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.tar.gz').stem, 'b.tar')
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/Some name. Ending with a dot.').stem,
+                         'Some name. Ending with a dot.')
+
+    def test_with_name(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:/a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            P('c:a/Dot ending.').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            P('c:/a/Dot ending.').with_name('d.xml'), P('c:/a/d.xml'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:').with_name, 'd.xml')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:/').with_name, 'd.xml')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('//My/Share').with_name, 'd.xml')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_name, 'd:')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_name, 'd:e')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_name, 'd:/e')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_name, '//My/Share')
+
+    def test_with_suffix(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:/a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:a/b.py').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:a/b.gz'))
+        self.assertEqual(P('c:/a/b.py').with_suffix('.gz'), P('c:/a/b.gz'))
+        # Path doesn't have a "filename" component
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('.').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('/').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('//My/Share').with_suffix, '.gz')
+        # Invalid suffix
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '/')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '\\')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c:')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '/.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '\\.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c:.gz')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c/d')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, 'c\\d')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '.c/d')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, P('c:a/b').with_suffix, '.c\\d')
+
+    def test_relative_to(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('C:Foo/Bar')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:')), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:'), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:foO')), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO/'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:foO/baR')), P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:foO/baR'), P())
+        # Unrelated paths
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P())
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, '')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:Foo/Bar/Baz'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:Foo/Baz'))
+        p = P('C:/Foo/Bar')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:')), P('/Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:'), P('/Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(str(p.relative_to(P('c:'))), '\\Foo\\Bar')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p.relative_to('c:')), '\\Foo\\Bar')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/')), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/'), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/foO')), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO/'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('c:/foO/baR')), P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('c:/foO/baR'), P())
+        # Unrelated paths
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Baz'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Foo/Bar/Baz'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:/Foo/Baz'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('C:Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('d:/'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//C/Foo'))
+        # UNC paths
+        p = P('//Server/Share/Foo/Bar')
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare')), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare'), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/'), P('Foo/Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/Foo')), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo/'), P('Bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to(P('//sErver/sHare/Foo/Bar')), P())
+        self.assertEqual(p.relative_to('//sErver/sHare/Foo/Bar'), P())
+        # Unrelated paths
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('/Server/Share/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('c:/Server/Share/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//z/Share/Foo'))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.relative_to, P('//Server/z/Foo'))
+
+    def test_is_absolute(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        # Under NT, only paths with both a drive and a root are absolute
+        self.assertFalse(P().is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('/a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('/a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('c:').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('c:a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertFalse(P('c:a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/a').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('c:/a/b/').is_absolute())
+        # UNC paths are absolute by definition
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b/').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b/c').is_absolute())
+        self.assertTrue(P('//a/b/c/d').is_absolute())
+
+    def test_join(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('C:/a/b')
+        pp = p.joinpath('x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
+        pp = p.joinpath('/x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/x/y'))
+        # Joining with a different drive => the first path is ignored, even
+        # if the second path is relative.
+        pp = p.joinpath('D:x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('D:x/y'))
+        pp = p.joinpath('D:/x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('D:/x/y'))
+        pp = p.joinpath('//host/share/x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('//host/share/x/y'))
+        # Joining with the same drive => the first path is appended to if
+        # the second path is relative.
+        pp = p.joinpath('c:x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
+        pp = p.joinpath('c:/x/y')
+        self.assertEqual(pp, P('C:/x/y'))
+
+    def test_div(self):
+        # Basically the same as joinpath()
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('C:/a/b')
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'x/y', P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'x' / 'y', P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / '/x/y', P('C:/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / '/x' / 'y', P('C:/x/y'))
+        # Joining with a different drive => the first path is ignored, even
+        # if the second path is relative.
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:x/y', P('D:x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:' / 'x/y', P('D:x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:/x/y', P('D:/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'D:' / '/x/y', P('D:/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / '//host/share/x/y', P('//host/share/x/y'))
+        # Joining with the same drive => the first path is appended to if
+        # the second path is relative.
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'c:x/y', P('C:/a/b/x/y'))
+        self.assertEqual(p / 'c:/x/y', P('C:/x/y'))
+
+    def test_is_reserved(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        self.assertIs(False, P('').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/foo/bar').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('con').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('NUL').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('NUL.txt').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('com1').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('com9.bar').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('bar.com9').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('lpt1').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(True, P('lpt9.bar').is_reserved())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('bar.lpt9').is_reserved())
+        # Only the last component matters
+        self.assertIs(False, P('c:/NUL/con/baz').is_reserved())
+        # UNC paths are never reserved
+        self.assertIs(False, P('//my/share/nul/con/aux').is_reserved())
+
+
+class PurePathTest(_BasePurePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.PurePath
+
+    def test_concrete_class(self):
+        p = self.cls('a')
+        self.assertIs(
+            type(p),
+            pathlib.PureWindowsPath
+            if os.name == 'nt' else pathlib.PurePosixPath)
+
+    def test_different_flavours_unequal(self):
+        p = pathlib.PurePosixPath('a')
+        q = pathlib.PureWindowsPath('a')
+        self.assertNotEqual(p, q)
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3, 0),
+                     'Most types are orderable in Python 2')
+    def test_different_flavours_unordered(self):
+        p = pathlib.PurePosixPath('a')
+        q = pathlib.PureWindowsPath('a')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            p < q
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            p <= q
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            p > q
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            p >= q
+
+
+#
+# Tests for the concrete classes
+#
+
+# Make sure any symbolic links in the base test path are resolved
+BASE = os.path.realpath(TESTFN)
+
+
+def join(*x):
+    return os.path.join(BASE, *x)
+
+
+def rel_join(*x):
+    return os.path.join(TESTFN, *x)
+
+
+only_nt = unittest.skipIf(os.name != 'nt',
+                          'test requires a Windows-compatible system')
+only_posix = unittest.skipIf(os.name == 'nt',
+                             'test requires a POSIX-compatible system')
+
+
+@only_posix
+class PosixPathAsPureTest(PurePosixPathTest):
+    cls = pathlib.PosixPath
+
+
+@only_nt
+class WindowsPathAsPureTest(PureWindowsPathTest):
+    cls = pathlib.WindowsPath
+
+    def test_owner(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+            P('c:/').owner()
+
+    def test_group(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError):
+            P('c:/').group()
+
+
+class _BasePathTest(object):
+    """Tests for the FS-accessing functionalities of the Path classes."""
+
+    # (BASE)
+    #  |
+    #  |-- brokenLink -> non-existing
+    #  |-- dirA
+    #  |   `-- linkC -> ../dirB
+    #  |-- dirB
+    #  |   |-- fileB
+    #  |   `-- linkD -> ../dirB
+    #  |-- dirC
+    #  |   |-- dirD
+    #  |   |   `-- fileD
+    #  |   `-- fileC
+    #  |-- dirE  # No permissions
+    #  |-- fileA
+    #  |-- linkA -> fileA
+    #  `-- linkB -> dirB
+    #
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        def cleanup():
+            os.chmod(join('dirE'), 0o777)
+            support.rmtree(BASE)
+        self.addCleanup(cleanup)
+        os.mkdir(BASE)
+        os.mkdir(join('dirA'))
+        os.mkdir(join('dirB'))
+        os.mkdir(join('dirC'))
+        os.mkdir(join('dirC', 'dirD'))
+        os.mkdir(join('dirE'))
+        with open(join('fileA'), 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b"this is file A\n")
+        with open(join('dirB', 'fileB'), 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b"this is file B\n")
+        with open(join('dirC', 'fileC'), 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b"this is file C\n")
+        with open(join('dirC', 'dirD', 'fileD'), 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(b"this is file D\n")
+        os.chmod(join('dirE'), 0)
+        if support_can_symlink():
+            # Relative symlinks
+            os.symlink('fileA', join('linkA'))
+            os.symlink('non-existing', join('brokenLink'))
+            self.dirlink('dirB', join('linkB'))
+            self.dirlink(os.path.join('..', 'dirB'), join('dirA', 'linkC'))
+            # This one goes upwards, creating a loop
+            self.dirlink(os.path.join('..', 'dirB'), join('dirB', 'linkD'))
+
+    if os.name == 'nt':
+        # Workaround for http://bugs.python.org/issue13772
+        def dirlink(self, src, dest):
+            os.symlink(src, dest, target_is_directory=True)
+    else:
+        def dirlink(self, src, dest):
+            os.symlink(src, dest)
+
+    def assertSame(self, path_a, path_b):
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.samefile(str(path_a), str(path_b)),
+                        "%r and %r don't point to the same file" %
+                        (path_a, path_b))
+
+    def assertFileNotFound(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+            with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError) as cm:
+                func(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+                # Python 2.6 kludge for http://bugs.python.org/issue7853
+                try:
+                    func(*args, **kwargs)
+                except:  # noqa: E722
+                    raise
+            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
+
+    def assertFileExists(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+            with self.assertRaises(FileExistsError) as cm:
+                func(*args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+                # Python 2.6 kludge for http://bugs.python.org/issue7853
+                try:
+                    func(*args, **kwargs)
+                except:  # noqa: E722
+                    raise
+            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
+
+    def _test_cwd(self, p):
+        q = self.cls(os.getcwd())
+        self.assertEqual(p, q)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), str(q))
+        self.assertIs(type(p), type(q))
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_absolute())
+
+    def test_cwd(self):
+        p = self.cls.cwd()
+        self._test_cwd(p)
+
+    def _test_home(self, p):
+        q = self.cls(os.path.expanduser('~'))
+        self.assertEqual(p, q)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), str(q))
+        self.assertIs(type(p), type(q))
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_absolute())
+
+    def test_home(self):
+        p = self.cls.home()
+        self._test_home(p)
+
+    def test_samefile(self):
+        fileA_path = os.path.join(BASE, 'fileA')
+        fileB_path = os.path.join(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB')
+        p = self.cls(fileA_path)
+        pp = self.cls(fileA_path)
+        q = self.cls(fileB_path)
+        self.assertTrue(p.samefile(fileA_path))
+        self.assertTrue(p.samefile(pp))
+        self.assertFalse(p.samefile(fileB_path))
+        self.assertFalse(p.samefile(q))
+        # Test the non-existent file case
+        non_existent = os.path.join(BASE, 'foo')
+        r = self.cls(non_existent)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.samefile, r)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.samefile, non_existent)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(r.samefile, p)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(r.samefile, non_existent)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(r.samefile, r)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(r.samefile, non_existent)
+
+    def test_empty_path(self):
+        # The empty path points to '.'
+        p = self.cls('')
+        self.assertEqual(p.stat(), os.stat('.'))
+
+    def test_expanduser_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('~')
+        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), P(os.path.expanduser('~')))
+        p = P('foo')
+        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), p)
+        p = P('/~')
+        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), p)
+        p = P('../~')
+        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), p)
+        p = P(P('').absolute().anchor) / '~'
+        self.assertEqual(p.expanduser(), p)
+
+    def test_exists(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        self.assertIs(True, p.exists())
+        self.assertIs(True, (p / 'dirA').exists())
+        self.assertIs(True, (p / 'fileA').exists())
+        self.assertIs(False, (p / 'fileA' / 'bah').exists())
+        if support_can_symlink():
+            self.assertIs(True, (p / 'linkA').exists())
+            self.assertIs(True, (p / 'linkB').exists())
+            self.assertIs(True, (p / 'linkB' / 'fileB').exists())
+            self.assertIs(False, (p / 'linkA' / 'bah').exists())
+        self.assertIs(False, (p / 'foo').exists())
+        self.assertIs(False, P('/xyzzy').exists())
+
+    def test_open_common(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        with (p / 'fileA').open('r') as f:
+            self.assertIsInstance(f, io.TextIOBase)
+            self.assertEqual(f.read(), "this is file A\n")
+        with (p / 'fileA').open('rb') as f:
+            self.assertIsInstance(f, io.BufferedIOBase)
+            self.assertEqual(f.read().strip(), b"this is file A")
+        with (p / 'fileA').open('rb', buffering=0) as f:
+            self.assertIsInstance(f, io.RawIOBase)
+            self.assertEqual(f.read().strip(), b"this is file A")
+
+    def test_read_write_bytes(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        (p / 'fileA').write_bytes(b'abcdefg')
+        self.assertEqual((p / 'fileA').read_bytes(), b'abcdefg')
+        # check that trying to write str does not truncate the file
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            (p / 'fileA').write_bytes(six.u('somestr'))
+        self.assertTrue(str(cm.exception).startswith('data must be'))
+        self.assertEqual((p / 'fileA').read_bytes(), b'abcdefg')
+
+    def test_read_write_text(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        (p / 'fileA').write_text(six.u('\u00e4bcdefg'), encoding='latin-1')
+        self.assertEqual((p / 'fileA').read_text(
+            encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore'), six.u('bcdefg'))
+        # check that trying to write bytes does not truncate the file
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm:
+            (p / 'fileA').write_text(b'somebytes')
+        self.assertTrue(str(cm.exception).startswith('data must be'))
+        self.assertEqual((p / 'fileA').read_text(encoding='latin-1'),
+                         six.u('\u00e4bcdefg'))
+
+    def test_iterdir(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        it = p.iterdir()
+        paths = set(it)
+        expected = ['dirA', 'dirB', 'dirC', 'dirE', 'fileA']
+        if support_can_symlink():
+            expected += ['linkA', 'linkB', 'brokenLink']
+        self.assertEqual(paths, set(P(BASE, q) for q in expected))
+
+    @support_skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_iterdir_symlink(self):
+        # __iter__ on a symlink to a directory
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE, 'linkB')
+        paths = set(p.iterdir())
+        expected = set(P(BASE, 'linkB', q) for q in ['fileB', 'linkD'])
+        self.assertEqual(paths, expected)
+
+    def test_iterdir_nodir(self):
+        # __iter__ on something that is not a directory
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'fileA')
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            # Python 2.6 kludge for http://bugs.python.org/issue7853
+            try:
+                next(p.iterdir())
+            except:  # noqa: E722s
+                raise
+        # ENOENT or EINVAL under Windows, ENOTDIR otherwise
+        # (see issue #12802)
+        self.assertIn(cm.exception.errno, (errno.ENOTDIR,
+                                           errno.ENOENT, errno.EINVAL))
+
+    def test_glob_common(self):
+        def _check(glob, expected):
+            self.assertEqual(set(glob), set(P(BASE, q) for q in expected))
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        it = p.glob("fileA")
+        self.assertIsInstance(it, collections_abc.Iterator)
+        _check(it, ["fileA"])
+        _check(p.glob("fileB"), [])
+        _check(p.glob("dir*/file*"), ["dirB/fileB", "dirC/fileC"])
+        if not support_can_symlink():
+            _check(p.glob("*A"), ['dirA', 'fileA'])
+        else:
+            _check(p.glob("*A"), ['dirA', 'fileA', 'linkA'])
+        if not support_can_symlink():
+            _check(p.glob("*B/*"), ['dirB/fileB'])
+        else:
+            _check(p.glob("*B/*"), ['dirB/fileB', 'dirB/linkD',
+                                    'linkB/fileB', 'linkB/linkD'])
+        if not support_can_symlink():
+            _check(p.glob("*/fileB"), ['dirB/fileB'])
+        else:
+            _check(p.glob("*/fileB"), ['dirB/fileB', 'linkB/fileB'])
+
+    def test_rglob_common(self):
+        def _check(glob, expected):
+            self.assertEqual(set(glob), set(P(BASE, q) for q in expected))
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        it = p.rglob("fileA")
+        self.assertIsInstance(it, collections_abc.Iterator)
+        _check(it, ["fileA"])
+        _check(p.rglob("fileB"), ["dirB/fileB"])
+        _check(p.rglob("*/fileA"), [])
+        if not support_can_symlink():
+            _check(p.rglob("*/fileB"), ["dirB/fileB"])
+        else:
+            _check(p.rglob("*/fileB"), ["dirB/fileB", "dirB/linkD/fileB",
+                                        "linkB/fileB", "dirA/linkC/fileB"])
+        _check(p.rglob("file*"), ["fileA", "dirB/fileB",
+                                  "dirC/fileC", "dirC/dirD/fileD"])
+        p = P(BASE, "dirC")
+        _check(p.rglob("file*"), ["dirC/fileC", "dirC/dirD/fileD"])
+        _check(p.rglob("*/*"), ["dirC/dirD/fileD"])
+
+    @support_skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_rglob_symlink_loop(self):
+        # Don't get fooled by symlink loops (Issue #26012)
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        given = set(p.rglob('*'))
+        expect = set([
+                  'brokenLink',
+                  'dirA', 'dirA/linkC',
+                  'dirB', 'dirB/fileB', 'dirB/linkD',
+                  'dirC', 'dirC/dirD', 'dirC/dirD/fileD', 'dirC/fileC',
+                  'dirE',
+                  'fileA',
+                  'linkA',
+                  'linkB',
+                  ])
+        self.assertEqual(given, set([p / x for x in expect]))
+
+    def test_glob_dotdot(self):
+        # ".." is not special in globs
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("..")), set([P(BASE, "..")]))
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("dirA/../file*")),
+                         set([P(BASE, "dirA/../fileA")]))
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("../xyzzy")), set())
+
+    def _check_resolve(self, p, expected, strict=True):
+        q = p.resolve(strict)
+        self.assertEqual(q, expected)
+
+    # this can be used to check both relative and absolute resolutions
+    _check_resolve_relative = _check_resolve_absolute = _check_resolve
+
+    @support_skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_resolve_common(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE, 'foo')
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            p.resolve(strict=True)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
+        # Non-strict
+        self.assertEqual(str(p.resolve(strict=False)),
+                         os.path.join(BASE, 'foo'))
+        p = P(BASE, 'foo', 'in', 'spam')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p.resolve(strict=False)),
+                         os.path.join(BASE, 'foo', 'in', 'spam'))
+        p = P(BASE, '..', 'foo', 'in', 'spam')
+        self.assertEqual(str(p.resolve(strict=False)),
+                         os.path.abspath(os.path.join('foo', 'in', 'spam')))
+        # These are all relative symlinks
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB')
+        self._check_resolve_relative(p, p)
+        p = P(BASE, 'linkA')
+        self._check_resolve_relative(p, P(BASE, 'fileA'))
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirA', 'linkC', 'fileB')
+        self._check_resolve_relative(p, P(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB'))
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirB', 'linkD', 'fileB')
+        self._check_resolve_relative(p, P(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB'))
+        # Non-strict
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirA', 'linkC', 'fileB', 'foo', 'in', 'spam')
+        self._check_resolve_relative(p, P(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB', 'foo', 'in',
+                                          'spam'), False)
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirA', 'linkC', '..', 'foo', 'in', 'spam')
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            # In Windows, if linkY points to dirB, 'dirA\linkY\..'
+            # resolves to 'dirA' without resolving linkY first.
+            self._check_resolve_relative(p, P(BASE, 'dirA', 'foo', 'in',
+                                              'spam'), False)
+        else:
+            # In Posix, if linkY points to dirB, 'dirA/linkY/..'
+            # resolves to 'dirB/..' first before resolving to parent of dirB.
+            self._check_resolve_relative(
+                p, P(BASE, 'foo', 'in', 'spam'), False)
+        # Now create absolute symlinks
+        d = tempfile.mkdtemp(suffix='-dirD')
+        self.addCleanup(support.rmtree, d)
+        os.symlink(os.path.join(d), join('dirA', 'linkX'))
+        os.symlink(join('dirB'), os.path.join(d, 'linkY'))
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirA', 'linkX', 'linkY', 'fileB')
+        self._check_resolve_absolute(p, P(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB'))
+        # Non-strict
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirA', 'linkX', 'linkY', 'foo', 'in', 'spam')
+        self._check_resolve_relative(p, P(BASE, 'dirB', 'foo', 'in', 'spam'),
+                                     False)
+        p = P(BASE, 'dirA', 'linkX', 'linkY', '..', 'foo', 'in', 'spam')
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            # In Windows, if linkY points to dirB, 'dirA\linkY\..'
+            # resolves to 'dirA' without resolving linkY first.
+            self._check_resolve_relative(p, P(d, 'foo', 'in', 'spam'), False)
+        else:
+            # In Posix, if linkY points to dirB, 'dirA/linkY/..'
+            # resolves to 'dirB/..' first before resolving to parent of dirB.
+            self._check_resolve_relative(
+                p, P(BASE, 'foo', 'in', 'spam'), False)
+
+    @support_skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_resolve_dot(self):
+        # See https://bitbucket.org/pitrou/pathlib/issue/9/
+        # pathresolve-fails-on-complex-symlinks
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.dirlink('.', join('0'))
+        self.dirlink(os.path.join('0', '0'), join('1'))
+        self.dirlink(os.path.join('1', '1'), join('2'))
+        q = p / '2'
+        self.assertEqual(q.resolve(strict=True), p)
+        r = q / '3' / '4'
+        self.assertFileNotFound(r.resolve, strict=True)
+        # Non-strict
+        self.assertEqual(r.resolve(strict=False), p / '3' / '4')
+
+    def test_with(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        it = p.iterdir()
+        it2 = p.iterdir()
+        next(it2)
+        with p:
+            pass
+        # I/O operation on closed path
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, next, it)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, next, it2)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.open)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.resolve)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.absolute)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, p.__enter__)
+
+    def test_chmod(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        mode = p.stat().st_mode
+        # Clear writable bit
+        new_mode = mode & ~0o222
+        p.chmod(new_mode)
+        self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode, new_mode)
+        # Set writable bit
+        new_mode = mode | 0o222
+        p.chmod(new_mode)
+        self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_mode, new_mode)
+
+    # XXX also need a test for lchmod
+
+    def test_stat(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        st = p.stat()
+        self.assertEqual(p.stat(), st)
+        # Change file mode by flipping write bit
+        p.chmod(st.st_mode ^ 0o222)
+        self.addCleanup(p.chmod, st.st_mode)
+        self.assertNotEqual(p.stat(), st)
+
+    @support_skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_lstat(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'linkA'
+        st = p.stat()
+        self.assertNotEqual(st, p.lstat())
+
+    def test_lstat_nosymlink(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        st = p.stat()
+        self.assertEqual(st, p.lstat())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(pwd, "the pwd module is needed for this test")
+    def test_owner(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        uid = p.stat().st_uid
+        try:
+            name = pwd.getpwuid(uid).pw_name
+        except KeyError:
+            self.skipTest(
+                "user %d doesn't have an entry in the system database" % uid)
+        self.assertEqual(name, p.owner())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(grp, "the grp module is needed for this test")
+    def test_group(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        gid = p.stat().st_gid
+        try:
+            name = grp.getgrgid(gid).gr_name
+        except KeyError:
+            self.skipTest(
+                "group %d doesn't have an entry in the system database" % gid)
+        self.assertEqual(name, p.group())
+
+    def test_unlink(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'fileA'
+        p.unlink()
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
+
+    def test_rmdir(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE) / 'dirA'
+        for q in p.iterdir():
+            q.unlink()
+        p.rmdir()
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.unlink)
+
+    def test_rename(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        p = P / 'fileA'
+        size = p.stat().st_size
+        # Renaming to another path
+        q = P / 'dirA' / 'fileAA'
+        p.rename(q)
+        self.assertEqual(q.stat().st_size, size)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        # Renaming to a str of a relative path
+        r = rel_join('fileAAA')
+        q.rename(r)
+        self.assertEqual(os.stat(r).st_size, size)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(q.stat)
+
+    def test_replace(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        p = P / 'fileA'
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 3):
+            self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, p.replace, p)
+            return
+        size = p.stat().st_size
+        # Replacing a non-existing path
+        q = P / 'dirA' / 'fileAA'
+        p.replace(q)
+        self.assertEqual(q.stat().st_size, size)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(p.stat)
+        # Replacing another (existing) path
+        r = rel_join('dirB', 'fileB')
+        q.replace(r)
+        self.assertEqual(os.stat(r).st_size, size)
+        self.assertFileNotFound(q.stat)
+
+    def test_touch_common(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        p = P / 'newfileA'
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        p.touch()
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        # Rewind the mtime sufficiently far in the past to work around
+        # filesystem-specific timestamp granularity.
+        old_mtime = p.stat().st_mtime - 10
+        os.utime(str(p), (old_mtime, old_mtime))
+        # The file mtime should be refreshed by calling touch() again
+        p.touch()
+        self.assertGreaterEqual(p.stat().st_mtime, old_mtime)
+        # Now with exist_ok=False
+        p = P / 'newfileB'
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        p.touch(mode=0o700, exist_ok=False)
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertRaises(OSError, p.touch, exist_ok=False)
+
+    def test_touch_nochange(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        p = P / 'fileA'
+        p.touch()
+        with p.open('rb') as f:
+            self.assertEqual(f.read().strip(), b"this is file A")
+
+    def test_mkdir(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        p = P / 'newdirA'
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        p.mkdir()
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            # Python 2.6 kludge for http://bugs.python.org/issue7853
+            try:
+                p.mkdir()
+            except:  # noqa: E722
+                raise
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
+
+    def test_mkdir_parents(self):
+        # Creating a chain of directories
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'newdirB', 'newdirC')
+        self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            p.mkdir()
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
+        p.mkdir(parents=True)
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
+            p.mkdir(parents=True)
+        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.EEXIST)
+        # test `mode` arg
+        mode = stat.S_IMODE(p.stat().st_mode)  # default mode
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'newdirD', 'newdirE')
+        p.mkdir(0o555, parents=True)
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
+        if os.name != 'nt':
+            # the directory's permissions follow the mode argument
+            self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(p.stat().st_mode), 0o7555 & mode)
+        # the parent's permissions follow the default process settings
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(p.parent.stat().st_mode), mode)
+
+    def test_mkdir_exist_ok(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'dirB')
+        st_ctime_first = p.stat().st_ctime
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertTrue(p.is_dir())
+        self.assertFileExists(p.mkdir)
+        p.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_ctime, st_ctime_first)
+
+    def test_mkdir_exist_ok_with_parent(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'dirC')
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertFileExists(p.mkdir)
+        p = p / 'newdirC'
+        p.mkdir(parents=True)
+        st_ctime_first = p.stat().st_ctime
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertFileExists(p.mkdir, parents=True)
+        p.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        self.assertEqual(p.stat().st_ctime, st_ctime_first)
+
+    def test_mkdir_exist_ok_root(self):
+        # Issue #25803: A drive root could raise PermissionError on Windows
+        self.cls('/').resolve().mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+        self.cls('/').resolve().mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    @only_nt    # XXX: not sure how to test this on POSIX
+    def test_mkdir_with_unknown_drive(self):
+        for d in 'ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA':
+            p = self.cls(d + ':\\')
+            if not p.is_dir():
+                break
+        else:
+            self.skipTest("cannot find a drive that doesn't exist")
+        with self.assertRaises(OSError):
+            (p / 'child' / 'path').mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    def test_mkdir_with_child_file(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'dirB', 'fileB')
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        # An exception is raised when the last path component is an existing
+        # regular file, regardless of whether exist_ok is true or not.
+        self.assertFileExists(p.mkdir, parents=True)
+        self.assertFileExists(p.mkdir, parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    def test_mkdir_no_parents_file(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'fileA')
+        self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+        # An exception is raised when the last path component is an existing
+        # regular file, regardless of whether exist_ok is true or not.
+        self.assertFileExists(p.mkdir)
+        self.assertFileExists(p.mkdir, exist_ok=True)
+
+    def test_mkdir_concurrent_parent_creation(self):
+        for pattern_num in range(32):
+            p = self.cls(BASE, 'dirCPC%d' % pattern_num)
+            self.assertFalse(p.exists())
+
+            def my_mkdir(path, mode=0o777):
+                path = str(path)
+                # Emulate another process that would create the directory
+                # just before we try to create it ourselves.  We do it
+                # in all possible pattern combinations, assuming that this
+                # function is called at most 5 times (dirCPC/dir1/dir2,
+                # dirCPC/dir1, dirCPC, dirCPC/dir1, dirCPC/dir1/dir2).
+                if pattern.pop():
+                    os.mkdir(path, mode)      # from another process
+                    concurrently_created.add(path)
+                os.mkdir(path, mode)          # our real call
+
+            pattern = [bool(pattern_num & (1 << n)) for n in range(5)]
+            concurrently_created = set()
+            p12 = p / 'dir1' / 'dir2'
+
+            def _try_func():
+                with mock.patch("pathlib2._normal_accessor.mkdir", my_mkdir):
+                    p12.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=False)
+
+            def _exc_func(exc):
+                self.assertIn(str(p12), concurrently_created)
+
+            def _else_func():
+                self.assertNotIn(str(p12), concurrently_created)
+
+            pathlib._try_except_fileexistserror(
+                _try_func, _exc_func, _else_func)
+            self.assertTrue(p.exists())
+
+    @support_skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_symlink_to(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        target = P / 'fileA'
+        # Symlinking a path target
+        link = P / 'dirA' / 'linkAA'
+        link.symlink_to(target)
+        self.assertEqual(link.stat(), target.stat())
+        self.assertNotEqual(link.lstat(), target.stat())
+        # Symlinking a str target
+        link = P / 'dirA' / 'linkAAA'
+        link.symlink_to(str(target))
+        self.assertEqual(link.stat(), target.stat())
+        self.assertNotEqual(link.lstat(), target.stat())
+        self.assertFalse(link.is_dir())
+        # Symlinking to a directory
+        target = P / 'dirB'
+        link = P / 'dirA' / 'linkAAAA'
+        link.symlink_to(target, target_is_directory=True)
+        self.assertEqual(link.stat(), target.stat())
+        self.assertNotEqual(link.lstat(), target.stat())
+        self.assertTrue(link.is_dir())
+        self.assertTrue(list(link.iterdir()))
+
+    def test_is_dir(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertTrue((P / 'dirA').is_dir())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_dir())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_dir())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA' / 'bah').is_dir())
+        if support_can_symlink():
+            self.assertFalse((P / 'linkA').is_dir())
+            self.assertTrue((P / 'linkB').is_dir())
+            self.assertFalse((P / 'brokenLink').is_dir())
+
+    def test_is_file(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertTrue((P / 'fileA').is_file())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_file())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_file())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA' / 'bah').is_file())
+        if support_can_symlink():
+            self.assertTrue((P / 'linkA').is_file())
+            self.assertFalse((P / 'linkB').is_file())
+            self.assertFalse((P / 'brokenLink').is_file())
+
+    def test_is_symlink(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_symlink())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_symlink())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_symlink())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA' / 'bah').is_symlink())
+        if support_can_symlink():
+            self.assertTrue((P / 'linkA').is_symlink())
+            self.assertTrue((P / 'linkB').is_symlink())
+            self.assertTrue((P / 'brokenLink').is_symlink())
+
+    def test_is_fifo_false(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_fifo())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_fifo())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_fifo())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA' / 'bah').is_fifo())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(os, "mkfifo"), "os.mkfifo() required")
+    @unittest.skipIf(android_not_root, "mkfifo not allowed, non root user")
+    def test_is_fifo_true(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE, 'myfifo')
+        os.mkfifo(str(P))
+        self.assertTrue(P.is_fifo())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_socket())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_file())
+
+    def test_is_socket_false(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_socket())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_socket())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_socket())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA' / 'bah').is_socket())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"), "Unix sockets required")
+    def test_is_socket_true(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE, 'mysock')
+        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        self.addCleanup(sock.close)
+        try:
+            sock.bind(str(P))
+        except OSError as e:
+            if "AF_UNIX path too long" in str(e):
+                self.skipTest("cannot bind Unix socket: " + str(e))
+        self.assertTrue(P.is_socket())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_fifo())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_file())
+
+    def test_is_block_device_false(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_block_device())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_block_device())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_block_device())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA' / 'bah').is_block_device())
+
+    def test_is_char_device_false(self):
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA').is_char_device())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'dirA').is_char_device())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'non-existing').is_char_device())
+        self.assertFalse((P / 'fileA' / 'bah').is_char_device())
+
+    @only_posix
+    def test_is_char_device_true(self):
+        # Under Unix, /dev/null should generally be a char device
+        P = self.cls('/dev/null')
+        if not P.exists():
+            self.skipTest("/dev/null required")
+        self.assertTrue(P.is_char_device())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_block_device())
+        self.assertFalse(P.is_file())
+
+    def test_pickling_common(self):
+        p = self.cls(BASE, 'fileA')
+        for proto in range(0, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
+            dumped = pickle.dumps(p, proto)
+            pp = pickle.loads(dumped)
+            self.assertEqual(pp.stat(), p.stat())
+
+    def test_parts_interning(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P('/usr/bin/foo')
+        q = P('/usr/local/bin')
+        # 'usr'
+        self.assertIs(p.parts[1], q.parts[1])
+        # 'bin'
+        self.assertIs(p.parts[2], q.parts[3])
+
+    def _check_complex_symlinks(self, link0_target):
+        # Test solving a non-looping chain of symlinks (issue #19887)
+        P = self.cls(BASE)
+        self.dirlink(os.path.join('link0', 'link0'), join('link1'))
+        self.dirlink(os.path.join('link1', 'link1'), join('link2'))
+        self.dirlink(os.path.join('link2', 'link2'), join('link3'))
+        self.dirlink(link0_target, join('link0'))
+
+        # Resolve absolute paths
+        p = (P / 'link0').resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(p, P)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+        p = (P / 'link1').resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(p, P)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+        p = (P / 'link2').resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(p, P)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+        p = (P / 'link3').resolve()
+        self.assertEqual(p, P)
+        self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+
+        # Resolve relative paths
+        old_path = os.getcwd()
+        os.chdir(BASE)
+        try:
+            p = self.cls('link0').resolve()
+            self.assertEqual(p, P)
+            self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+            p = self.cls('link1').resolve()
+            self.assertEqual(p, P)
+            self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+            p = self.cls('link2').resolve()
+            self.assertEqual(p, P)
+            self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+            p = self.cls('link3').resolve()
+            self.assertEqual(p, P)
+            self.assertEqual(str(p), BASE)
+        finally:
+            os.chdir(old_path)
+
+    @support_skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_complex_symlinks_absolute(self):
+        self._check_complex_symlinks(BASE)
+
+    @support_skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_complex_symlinks_relative(self):
+        self._check_complex_symlinks('.')
+
+    @support_skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_complex_symlinks_relative_dot_dot(self):
+        self._check_complex_symlinks(os.path.join('dirA', '..'))
+
+
+class PathTest(_BasePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.Path
+
+    def test_concrete_class(self):
+        p = self.cls('a')
+        self.assertIs(
+            type(p),
+            pathlib.WindowsPath if os.name == 'nt' else pathlib.PosixPath)
+
+    def test_unsupported_flavour(self):
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, pathlib.PosixPath)
+        else:
+            self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, pathlib.WindowsPath)
+
+    def test_glob_empty_pattern(self):
+        p = self.cls()
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'Unacceptable pattern'):
+            list(p.glob(''))
+
+
+@only_posix
+class PosixPathTest(_BasePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.PosixPath
+
+    def _check_symlink_loop(self, *args):
+        path = self.cls(*args)
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            print(path.resolve(strict=True))
+
+    def _check_symlink_loop_nonstrict(self, *args):
+        path = self.cls(*args)
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            print(path.resolve(strict=False))
+
+    def test_open_mode(self):
+        old_mask = os.umask(0)
+        self.addCleanup(os.umask, old_mask)
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        with (p / 'new_file').open('wb'):
+            pass
+        st = os.stat(join('new_file'))
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o666)
+        os.umask(0o022)
+        with (p / 'other_new_file').open('wb'):
+            pass
+        st = os.stat(join('other_new_file'))
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o644)
+
+    def test_touch_mode(self):
+        old_mask = os.umask(0)
+        self.addCleanup(os.umask, old_mask)
+        p = self.cls(BASE)
+        (p / 'new_file').touch()
+        st = os.stat(join('new_file'))
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o666)
+        os.umask(0o022)
+        (p / 'other_new_file').touch()
+        st = os.stat(join('other_new_file'))
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o644)
+        (p / 'masked_new_file').touch(mode=0o750)
+        st = os.stat(join('masked_new_file'))
+        self.assertEqual(stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode), 0o750)
+
+    @support_skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_resolve_loop(self):
+        # Loops with relative symlinks
+        os.symlink('linkX/inside', join('linkX'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkX')
+        os.symlink('linkY', join('linkY'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkY')
+        os.symlink('linkZ/../linkZ', join('linkZ'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkZ')
+        # Non-strict
+        self._check_symlink_loop_nonstrict(BASE, 'linkZ', 'foo')
+        # Loops with absolute symlinks
+        os.symlink(join('linkU/inside'), join('linkU'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkU')
+        os.symlink(join('linkV'), join('linkV'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkV')
+        os.symlink(join('linkW/../linkW'), join('linkW'))
+        self._check_symlink_loop(BASE, 'linkW')
+        # Non-strict
+        self._check_symlink_loop_nonstrict(BASE, 'linkW', 'foo')
+
+    def test_glob(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        given = set(p.glob("FILEa"))
+        expect = set() if not support.fs_is_case_insensitive(BASE) else given
+        self.assertEqual(given, expect)
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("FILEa*")), set())
+
+    def test_rglob(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE, "dirC")
+        given = set(p.rglob("FILEd"))
+        expect = set() if not support.fs_is_case_insensitive(BASE) else given
+        self.assertEqual(given, expect)
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.rglob("FILEd*")), set())
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(pwd, 'getpwall'),
+                         'pwd module does not expose getpwall()')
+    def test_expanduser(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        support.import_module('pwd')
+        import pwd
+        pwdent = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())
+        username = pwdent.pw_name
+        userhome = pwdent.pw_dir.rstrip('/') or '/'
+        # find arbitrary different user (if exists)
+        for pwdent in pwd.getpwall():
+            othername = pwdent.pw_name
+            otherhome = pwdent.pw_dir.rstrip('/')
+            if othername != username and otherhome:
+                break
+
+        p1 = P('~/Documents')
+        p2 = P('~' + username + '/Documents')
+        p3 = P('~' + othername + '/Documents')
+        p4 = P('../~' + username + '/Documents')
+        p5 = P('/~' + username + '/Documents')
+        p6 = P('')
+        p7 = P('~fakeuser/Documents')
+
+        with support.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
+            env.unset('HOME')
+
+            self.assertEqual(p1.expanduser(), P(userhome) / 'Documents')
+            self.assertEqual(p2.expanduser(), P(userhome) / 'Documents')
+            self.assertEqual(p3.expanduser(), P(otherhome) / 'Documents')
+            self.assertEqual(p4.expanduser(), p4)
+            self.assertEqual(p5.expanduser(), p5)
+            self.assertEqual(p6.expanduser(), p6)
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p7.expanduser)
+
+            env.set('HOME', '/tmp')
+            self.assertEqual(p1.expanduser(), P('/tmp/Documents'))
+            self.assertEqual(p2.expanduser(), P(userhome) / 'Documents')
+            self.assertEqual(p3.expanduser(), P(otherhome) / 'Documents')
+            self.assertEqual(p4.expanduser(), p4)
+            self.assertEqual(p5.expanduser(), p5)
+            self.assertEqual(p6.expanduser(), p6)
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p7.expanduser)
+
+
+@only_nt
+class WindowsPathTest(_BasePathTest, unittest.TestCase):
+    cls = pathlib.WindowsPath
+
+    def test_glob(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE)
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.glob("FILEa")), set([P(BASE, "fileA")]))
+
+    def test_rglob(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        p = P(BASE, "dirC")
+        self.assertEqual(set(p.rglob("FILEd")),
+                         set([P(BASE, "dirC/dirD/fileD")]))
+
+    def test_expanduser(self):
+        P = self.cls
+        with support.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
+            env.unset('HOME')
+            env.unset('USERPROFILE')
+            env.unset('HOMEPATH')
+            env.unset('HOMEDRIVE')
+            env.set('USERNAME', 'alice')
+
+            # test that the path returns unchanged
+            p1 = P('~/My Documents')
+            p2 = P('~alice/My Documents')
+            p3 = P('~bob/My Documents')
+            p4 = P('/~/My Documents')
+            p5 = P('d:~/My Documents')
+            p6 = P('')
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p1.expanduser)
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p2.expanduser)
+            self.assertRaises(RuntimeError, p3.expanduser)
+            self.assertEqual(p4.expanduser(), p4)
+            self.assertEqual(p5.expanduser(), p5)
+            self.assertEqual(p6.expanduser(), p6)
+
+            def check():
+                env.unset('USERNAME')
+                self.assertEqual(p1.expanduser(),
+                                 P('C:/Users/alice/My Documents'))
+                self.assertRaises(KeyError, p2.expanduser)
+                env.set('USERNAME', 'alice')
+                self.assertEqual(p2.expanduser(),
+                                 P('C:/Users/alice/My Documents'))
+                self.assertEqual(p3.expanduser(),
+                                 P('C:/Users/bob/My Documents'))
+                self.assertEqual(p4.expanduser(), p4)
+                self.assertEqual(p5.expanduser(), p5)
+                self.assertEqual(p6.expanduser(), p6)
+
+            # test the first lookup key in the env vars
+            env.set('HOME', 'C:\\Users\\alice')
+            check()
+
+            # test that HOMEPATH is available instead
+            env.unset('HOME')
+            env.set('HOMEPATH', 'C:\\Users\\alice')
+            check()
+
+            env.set('HOMEDRIVE', 'C:\\')
+            env.set('HOMEPATH', 'Users\\alice')
+            check()
+
+            env.unset('HOMEDRIVE')
+            env.unset('HOMEPATH')
+            env.set('USERPROFILE', 'C:\\Users\\alice')
+            check()
+
+
+def main():
+    unittest.main(__name__)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()