Security: disable nontemporals.

The operations were available on ARM64 and x86-32 but were unused.

It has been conjectured that nontemporals can be used for rowhammer-like bitflips more easily than regular load/store operations. It is therefore desirable to avoid generating these instructions in the future.

R= titzer, jochen, jln, Mark Seaborn, ruiq

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/1276113002

Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/master@{#30139}

diff --git a/src/arm64/assembler-arm64-inl.h b/src/arm64/assembler-arm64-inl.h
index 9fc89c3042ce48ae5a67d3148e09632666bc4b19..3fbb09147b19e6880eac71554c4f611c2d752ffd 100644 (file)
--- a/src/arm64/assembler-arm64-inl.h
+++ b/src/arm64/assembler-arm64-inl.h
@@ -962,32 +962,6 @@ LoadStorePairOp Assembler::StorePairOpFor(const CPURegister& rt,
 }
 
 
-LoadStorePairNonTemporalOp Assembler::LoadPairNonTemporalOpFor(
-    const CPURegister& rt, const CPURegister& rt2) {
-  DCHECK(AreSameSizeAndType(rt, rt2));
-  USE(rt2);
-  if (rt.IsRegister()) {
-    return rt.Is64Bits() ? LDNP_x : LDNP_w;
-  } else {
-    DCHECK(rt.IsFPRegister());
-    return rt.Is64Bits() ? LDNP_d : LDNP_s;
-  }
-}
-
-
-LoadStorePairNonTemporalOp Assembler::StorePairNonTemporalOpFor(
-    const CPURegister& rt, const CPURegister& rt2) {
-  DCHECK(AreSameSizeAndType(rt, rt2));
-  USE(rt2);
-  if (rt.IsRegister()) {
-    return rt.Is64Bits() ? STNP_x : STNP_w;
-  } else {
-    DCHECK(rt.IsFPRegister());
-    return rt.Is64Bits() ? STNP_d : STNP_s;
-  }
-}
-
-
 LoadLiteralOp Assembler::LoadLiteralOpFor(const CPURegister& rt) {
   if (rt.IsRegister()) {
     return rt.Is64Bits() ? LDR_x_lit : LDR_w_lit;

diff --git a/src/arm64/assembler-arm64.cc b/src/arm64/assembler-arm64.cc
index eb063157cbff033ee523c9ecdebe7081ecb1c5d9..0ffabf0e006c16748588863fe59bae6823234a54 100644 (file)
--- a/src/arm64/assembler-arm64.cc
+++ b/src/arm64/assembler-arm64.cc
@@ -1628,37 +1628,6 @@ void Assembler::LoadStorePair(const CPURegister& rt,
 }
 
 
-void Assembler::ldnp(const CPURegister& rt,
-                     const CPURegister& rt2,
-                     const MemOperand& src) {
-  LoadStorePairNonTemporal(rt, rt2, src,
-                           LoadPairNonTemporalOpFor(rt, rt2));
-}
-
-
-void Assembler::stnp(const CPURegister& rt,
-                     const CPURegister& rt2,
-                     const MemOperand& dst) {
-  LoadStorePairNonTemporal(rt, rt2, dst,
-                           StorePairNonTemporalOpFor(rt, rt2));
-}
-
-
-void Assembler::LoadStorePairNonTemporal(const CPURegister& rt,
-                                         const CPURegister& rt2,
-                                         const MemOperand& addr,
-                                         LoadStorePairNonTemporalOp op) {
-  DCHECK(!rt.Is(rt2));
-  DCHECK(AreSameSizeAndType(rt, rt2));
-  DCHECK(addr.IsImmediateOffset());
-  LSDataSize size = CalcLSPairDataSize(
-    static_cast<LoadStorePairOp>(op & LoadStorePairMask));
-  DCHECK(IsImmLSPair(addr.offset(), size));
-  int offset = static_cast<int>(addr.offset());
-  Emit(op | Rt(rt) | Rt2(rt2) | RnSP(addr.base()) | ImmLSPair(offset, size));
-}
-
-
 // Memory instructions.
 void Assembler::ldrb(const Register& rt, const MemOperand& src) {
   LoadStore(rt, src, LDRB_w);

diff --git a/src/arm64/assembler-arm64.h b/src/arm64/assembler-arm64.h
index 9c09dfe0420087778e4be89ec598609b52dd0c1b..a7e5a06640212544632cd2c195d2f429311e75f3 100644 (file)
--- a/src/arm64/assembler-arm64.h
+++ b/src/arm64/assembler-arm64.h
@@ -1492,14 +1492,6 @@ class Assembler : public AssemblerBase {
   // Load word pair with sign extension.
   void ldpsw(const Register& rt, const Register& rt2, const MemOperand& src);
 
-  // Load integer or FP register pair, non-temporal.
-  void ldnp(const CPURegister& rt, const CPURegister& rt2,
-            const MemOperand& src);
-
-  // Store integer or FP register pair, non-temporal.
-  void stnp(const CPURegister& rt, const CPURegister& rt2,
-            const MemOperand& dst);
-
   // Load literal to register from a pc relative address.
   void ldr_pcrel(const CPURegister& rt, int imm19);
 
@@ -2007,10 +1999,6 @@ class Assembler : public AssemblerBase {
   static inline LoadStoreOp StoreOpFor(const CPURegister& rt);
   static inline LoadStorePairOp StorePairOpFor(const CPURegister& rt,
                                                const CPURegister& rt2);
-  static inline LoadStorePairNonTemporalOp LoadPairNonTemporalOpFor(
-    const CPURegister& rt, const CPURegister& rt2);
-  static inline LoadStorePairNonTemporalOp StorePairNonTemporalOpFor(
-    const CPURegister& rt, const CPURegister& rt2);
   static inline LoadLiteralOp LoadLiteralOpFor(const CPURegister& rt);
 
   // Remove the specified branch from the unbound label link chain.
@@ -2036,10 +2024,6 @@ class Assembler : public AssemblerBase {
                                 const Operand& operand,
                                 FlagsUpdate S,
                                 Instr op);
-  void LoadStorePairNonTemporal(const CPURegister& rt,
-                                const CPURegister& rt2,
-                                const MemOperand& addr,
-                                LoadStorePairNonTemporalOp op);
   void ConditionalSelect(const Register& rd,
                          const Register& rn,
                          const Register& rm,

diff --git a/src/arm64/constants-arm64.h b/src/arm64/constants-arm64.h
index c5dbc97585229f843c663247a3e02c363ca97d9e..1529c647ff75c8ce6a81b5b94a82c9161b402da1 100644 (file)
--- a/src/arm64/constants-arm64.h
+++ b/src/arm64/constants-arm64.h
@@ -764,20 +764,6 @@ enum LoadStorePairOffsetOp {
   #undef LOAD_STORE_PAIR_OFFSET
 };
 
-enum LoadStorePairNonTemporalOp {
-  LoadStorePairNonTemporalFixed = 0x28000000,
-  LoadStorePairNonTemporalFMask = 0x3B800000,
-  LoadStorePairNonTemporalMask  = 0xFFC00000,
-  STNP_w = LoadStorePairNonTemporalFixed | STP_w,
-  LDNP_w = LoadStorePairNonTemporalFixed | LDP_w,
-  STNP_x = LoadStorePairNonTemporalFixed | STP_x,
-  LDNP_x = LoadStorePairNonTemporalFixed | LDP_x,
-  STNP_s = LoadStorePairNonTemporalFixed | STP_s,
-  LDNP_s = LoadStorePairNonTemporalFixed | LDP_s,
-  STNP_d = LoadStorePairNonTemporalFixed | STP_d,
-  LDNP_d = LoadStorePairNonTemporalFixed | LDP_d
-};
-
 // Load literal.
 enum LoadLiteralOp {
   LoadLiteralFixed = 0x18000000,

diff --git a/src/arm64/decoder-arm64-inl.h b/src/arm64/decoder-arm64-inl.h
index 5dd2fd9cc043d2b20378891070021aee644182f9..c29f2d3c5ed3adfa41789bf513d893e4be5720ca 100644 (file)
--- a/src/arm64/decoder-arm64-inl.h
+++ b/src/arm64/decoder-arm64-inl.h
@@ -231,7 +231,8 @@ void Decoder<V>::DecodeLoadStore(Instruction* instr) {
             if (instr->Mask(0xC4400000) == 0xC0400000) {
               V::VisitUnallocated(instr);
             } else {
-              V::VisitLoadStorePairNonTemporal(instr);
+              // Nontemporals are unimplemented.
+              V::VisitUnimplemented(instr);
             }
           } else {
             V::VisitLoadStorePairPostIndex(instr);

diff --git a/src/arm64/decoder-arm64.h b/src/arm64/decoder-arm64.h
index af6bcc6f4f5b0e45e23cd973dd358331dc391685..6140bc2818077bdb8344d2ed555bb7e266262649 100644 (file)
--- a/src/arm64/decoder-arm64.h
+++ b/src/arm64/decoder-arm64.h
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ namespace internal {
   V(LoadStorePairPostIndex)         \
   V(LoadStorePairOffset)            \
   V(LoadStorePairPreIndex)          \
-  V(LoadStorePairNonTemporal)       \
   V(LoadLiteral)                    \
   V(LoadStoreUnscaledOffset)        \
   V(LoadStorePostIndex)             \

diff --git a/src/arm64/disasm-arm64.cc b/src/arm64/disasm-arm64.cc
index 232dfce5f0e64f5b40882f0d6385e79aba5b547a..7128d4337f578619cfbe9decca2e01bb73eabbbf 100644 (file)
--- a/src/arm64/disasm-arm64.cc
+++ b/src/arm64/disasm-arm64.cc
@@ -917,25 +917,6 @@ void Disassembler::VisitLoadStorePairOffset(Instruction* instr) {
 }
 
 
-void Disassembler::VisitLoadStorePairNonTemporal(Instruction* instr) {
-  const char *mnemonic = "unimplemented";
-  const char *form;
-
-  switch (instr->Mask(LoadStorePairNonTemporalMask)) {
-    case STNP_w: mnemonic = "stnp"; form = "'Wt, 'Wt2, ['Xns'ILP4]"; break;
-    case LDNP_w: mnemonic = "ldnp"; form = "'Wt, 'Wt2, ['Xns'ILP4]"; break;
-    case STNP_x: mnemonic = "stnp"; form = "'Xt, 'Xt2, ['Xns'ILP8]"; break;
-    case LDNP_x: mnemonic = "ldnp"; form = "'Xt, 'Xt2, ['Xns'ILP8]"; break;
-    case STNP_s: mnemonic = "stnp"; form = "'St, 'St2, ['Xns'ILP4]"; break;
-    case LDNP_s: mnemonic = "ldnp"; form = "'St, 'St2, ['Xns'ILP4]"; break;
-    case STNP_d: mnemonic = "stnp"; form = "'Dt, 'Dt2, ['Xns'ILP8]"; break;
-    case LDNP_d: mnemonic = "ldnp"; form = "'Dt, 'Dt2, ['Xns'ILP8]"; break;
-    default: form = "(LoadStorePairNonTemporal)";
-  }
-  Format(instr, mnemonic, form);
-}
-
-
 void Disassembler::VisitFPCompare(Instruction* instr) {
   const char *mnemonic = "unimplemented";
   const char *form = "'Fn, 'Fm";

diff --git a/src/arm64/instrument-arm64.cc b/src/arm64/instrument-arm64.cc
index 9bd02f45ab46351562ee58810d8519c3acc79107..7a8e2f4ee1dd4a02d66fe2b2fc48fbdfe274d79a 100644 (file)
--- a/src/arm64/instrument-arm64.cc
+++ b/src/arm64/instrument-arm64.cc
@@ -364,12 +364,6 @@ void Instrument::VisitLoadStorePairPreIndex(Instruction* instr) {
 }
 
 
-void Instrument::VisitLoadStorePairNonTemporal(Instruction* instr) {
-  Update();
-  InstrumentLoadStorePair(instr);
-}
-
-
 void Instrument::VisitLoadLiteral(Instruction* instr) {
   Update();
   static Counter* counter = GetCounter("Load Literal");

diff --git a/src/arm64/macro-assembler-arm64-inl.h b/src/arm64/macro-assembler-arm64-inl.h
index b691e218135ee0a1aa09a4a283cdb1c0c7bf508c..445513bf5abb619ca68d959fc1f4866b7c8fb393 100644 (file)
--- a/src/arm64/macro-assembler-arm64-inl.h
+++ b/src/arm64/macro-assembler-arm64-inl.h
@@ -869,15 +869,6 @@ void MacroAssembler::Isb() {
 }
 
 
-void MacroAssembler::Ldnp(const CPURegister& rt,
-                          const CPURegister& rt2,
-                          const MemOperand& src) {
-  DCHECK(allow_macro_instructions_);
-  DCHECK(!AreAliased(rt, rt2));
-  ldnp(rt, rt2, src);
-}
-
-
 void MacroAssembler::Ldr(const CPURegister& rt, const Immediate& imm) {
   DCHECK(allow_macro_instructions_);
   ldr(rt, imm);
@@ -1134,14 +1125,6 @@ void MacroAssembler::Umull(const Register& rd, const Register& rn,
 }
 
 
-void MacroAssembler::Stnp(const CPURegister& rt,
-                          const CPURegister& rt2,
-                          const MemOperand& dst) {
-  DCHECK(allow_macro_instructions_);
-  stnp(rt, rt2, dst);
-}
-
-
 void MacroAssembler::Sxtb(const Register& rd, const Register& rn) {
   DCHECK(allow_macro_instructions_);
   DCHECK(!rd.IsZero());

diff --git a/src/arm64/simulator-arm64.cc b/src/arm64/simulator-arm64.cc
index 29d3ea2419f724924ccb1c172b587317a023251d..a2de9e87ff2c4068f2654704055a9b961bdd150f 100644 (file)
--- a/src/arm64/simulator-arm64.cc
+++ b/src/arm64/simulator-arm64.cc
@@ -1676,11 +1676,6 @@ void Simulator::VisitLoadStorePairPostIndex(Instruction* instr) {
 }
 
 
-void Simulator::VisitLoadStorePairNonTemporal(Instruction* instr) {
-  LoadStorePairHelper(instr, Offset);
-}
-
-
 void Simulator::LoadStorePairHelper(Instruction* instr,
                                     AddrMode addrmode) {
   unsigned rt = instr->Rt();

diff --git a/src/ia32/assembler-ia32.cc b/src/ia32/assembler-ia32.cc
index 4bdea5e165ba3063e5703889f9f4b288a8a90448..2e17fcb00717bab5b6ce5e98fcfac00c3a13cc70 100644 (file)
--- a/src/ia32/assembler-ia32.cc
+++ b/src/ia32/assembler-ia32.cc
@@ -2325,26 +2325,6 @@ void Assembler::movdqu(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src) {
 }
 
 
-void Assembler::movntdqa(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src) {
-  DCHECK(IsEnabled(SSE4_1));
-  EnsureSpace ensure_space(this);
-  EMIT(0x66);
-  EMIT(0x0F);
-  EMIT(0x38);
-  EMIT(0x2A);
-  emit_sse_operand(dst, src);
-}
-
-
-void Assembler::movntdq(const Operand& dst, XMMRegister src) {
-  EnsureSpace ensure_space(this);
-  EMIT(0x66);
-  EMIT(0x0F);
-  EMIT(0xE7);
-  emit_sse_operand(src, dst);
-}
-
-
 void Assembler::prefetch(const Operand& src, int level) {
   DCHECK(is_uint2(level));
   EnsureSpace ensure_space(this);

diff --git a/src/ia32/assembler-ia32.h b/src/ia32/assembler-ia32.h
index 64d942c6693b56d70e4b8e9a7ef76865478623a9..3daa294aaec9f1678f9369b898064bd580384075 100644 (file)
--- a/src/ia32/assembler-ia32.h
+++ b/src/ia32/assembler-ia32.h
@@ -1077,10 +1077,6 @@ class Assembler : public AssemblerBase {
   }
   void pinsrd(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src, int8_t offset);
 
-  // Parallel XMM operations.
-  void movntdqa(XMMRegister dst, const Operand& src);
-  void movntdq(const Operand& dst, XMMRegister src);
-
   // AVX instructions
   void vfmadd132sd(XMMRegister dst, XMMRegister src1, XMMRegister src2) {
     vfmadd132sd(dst, src1, Operand(src2));

diff --git a/src/ia32/disasm-ia32.cc b/src/ia32/disasm-ia32.cc
index 05cb1d5e25ac963e0019087f5d9b817c5e78457f..6701ab6596252372b0ca899611b2ebb56c150e48 100644 (file)
--- a/src/ia32/disasm-ia32.cc
+++ b/src/ia32/disasm-ia32.cc
@@ -1618,11 +1618,7 @@ int DisassemblerIA32::InstructionDecode(v8::internal::Vector<char> out_buffer,
               data++;
             } else if (*data == 0x2A) {
               // movntdqa
-              data++;
-              int mod, regop, rm;
-              get_modrm(*data, &mod, &regop, &rm);
-              AppendToBuffer("movntdqa %s,", NameOfXMMRegister(regop));
-              data += PrintRightOperand(data);
+              UnimplementedInstruction();
             } else {
               UnimplementedInstruction();
             }
@@ -1827,9 +1823,8 @@ int DisassemblerIA32::InstructionDecode(v8::internal::Vector<char> out_buffer,
             int mod, regop, rm;
             get_modrm(*data, &mod, &regop, &rm);
             if (mod == 3) {
-              AppendToBuffer("movntdq ");
-              data += PrintRightOperand(data);
-              AppendToBuffer(",%s", NameOfXMMRegister(regop));
+              // movntdq
+              UnimplementedInstruction();
             } else {
               UnimplementedInstruction();
             }

diff --git a/src/x87/disasm-x87.cc b/src/x87/disasm-x87.cc
index 009bebbc275bb8921172efb2a45983d35e0192f6..d5faf364f11e6e5063d5cef3f4480528568cd371 100644 (file)
--- a/src/x87/disasm-x87.cc
+++ b/src/x87/disasm-x87.cc
@@ -1284,11 +1284,7 @@ int DisassemblerX87::InstructionDecode(v8::internal::Vector<char> out_buffer,
               data++;
             } else if (*data == 0x2A) {
               // movntdqa
-              data++;
-              int mod, regop, rm;
-              get_modrm(*data, &mod, &regop, &rm);
-              AppendToBuffer("movntdqa %s,", NameOfXMMRegister(regop));
-              data += PrintRightOperand(data);
+              UnimplementedInstruction();
             } else {
               UnimplementedInstruction();
             }
@@ -1470,9 +1466,8 @@ int DisassemblerX87::InstructionDecode(v8::internal::Vector<char> out_buffer,
             int mod, regop, rm;
             get_modrm(*data, &mod, &regop, &rm);
             if (mod == 3) {
-              AppendToBuffer("movntdq ");
-              data += PrintRightOperand(data);
-              AppendToBuffer(",%s", NameOfXMMRegister(regop));
+              // movntdq
+              UnimplementedInstruction();
             } else {
               UnimplementedInstruction();
             }

diff --git a/test/cctest/test-assembler-arm64.cc b/test/cctest/test-assembler-arm64.cc
index 0500bb3c1a0f6965908d953a0fb9663d08b848de..3c2f840058aadb6cc7123ee5eb7e8dfd3d84a8d4 100644 (file)
--- a/test/cctest/test-assembler-arm64.cc
+++ b/test/cctest/test-assembler-arm64.cc
@@ -2970,61 +2970,6 @@ TEST(ldp_stp_offset_wide) {
 }
 
 
-TEST(ldnp_stnp_offset) {
-  INIT_V8();
-  SETUP();
-
-  uint64_t src[3] = {0x0011223344556677UL, 0x8899aabbccddeeffUL,
-                     0xffeeddccbbaa9988UL};
-  uint64_t dst[7] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  uintptr_t src_base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(src);
-  uintptr_t dst_base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(dst);
-
-  START();
-  __ Mov(x16, src_base);
-  __ Mov(x17, dst_base);
-  __ Mov(x18, src_base + 24);
-  __ Mov(x19, dst_base + 56);
-  __ Ldnp(w0, w1, MemOperand(x16));
-  __ Ldnp(w2, w3, MemOperand(x16, 4));
-  __ Ldnp(x4, x5, MemOperand(x16, 8));
-  __ Ldnp(w6, w7, MemOperand(x18, -12));
-  __ Ldnp(x8, x9, MemOperand(x18, -16));
-  __ Stnp(w0, w1, MemOperand(x17));
-  __ Stnp(w2, w3, MemOperand(x17, 8));
-  __ Stnp(x4, x5, MemOperand(x17, 16));
-  __ Stnp(w6, w7, MemOperand(x19, -24));
-  __ Stnp(x8, x9, MemOperand(x19, -16));
-  END();
-
-  RUN();
-
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0x44556677, x0);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0x00112233, x1);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0x0011223344556677UL, dst[0]);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0x00112233, x2);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0xccddeeff, x3);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0xccddeeff00112233UL, dst[1]);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0x8899aabbccddeeffUL, x4);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0x8899aabbccddeeffUL, dst[2]);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0xffeeddccbbaa9988UL, x5);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0xffeeddccbbaa9988UL, dst[3]);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0x8899aabb, x6);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0xbbaa9988, x7);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0xbbaa99888899aabbUL, dst[4]);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0x8899aabbccddeeffUL, x8);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0x8899aabbccddeeffUL, dst[5]);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0xffeeddccbbaa9988UL, x9);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(0xffeeddccbbaa9988UL, dst[6]);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(src_base, x16);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(dst_base, x17);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(src_base + 24, x18);
-  CHECK_EQUAL_64(dst_base + 56, x19);
-
-  TEARDOWN();
-}
-
-
 TEST(ldp_stp_preindex) {
   INIT_V8();
   SETUP();

diff --git a/test/cctest/test-disasm-arm64.cc b/test/cctest/test-disasm-arm64.cc
index b3b50acf9dffb3321c7904a26712553f2b3f66d1..643a3c1bdbd122a6003e3d2c37173b1d5be31b5c 100644 (file)
--- a/test/cctest/test-disasm-arm64.cc
+++ b/test/cctest/test-disasm-arm64.cc
@@ -1249,25 +1249,6 @@ TEST_(load_store_pair) {
 }
 
 
-TEST_(load_store_pair_nontemp) {
-  SET_UP();
-
-  COMPARE(ldnp(w0, w1, MemOperand(x2)), "ldnp w0, w1, [x2]");
-  COMPARE(stnp(w3, w4, MemOperand(x5, 252)), "stnp w3, w4, [x5, #252]");
-  COMPARE(ldnp(w6, w7, MemOperand(x8, -256)), "ldnp w6, w7, [x8, #-256]");
-  COMPARE(stnp(x9, x10, MemOperand(x11)), "stnp x9, x10, [x11]");
-  COMPARE(ldnp(x12, x13, MemOperand(x14, 504)), "ldnp x12, x13, [x14, #504]");
-  COMPARE(stnp(x15, x16, MemOperand(x17, -512)), "stnp x15, x16, [x17, #-512]");
-  COMPARE(ldnp(s18, s19, MemOperand(x20)), "ldnp s18, s19, [x20]");
-  COMPARE(stnp(s21, s22, MemOperand(x23, 252)), "stnp s21, s22, [x23, #252]");
-  COMPARE(ldnp(s24, s25, MemOperand(x26, -256)), "ldnp s24, s25, [x26, #-256]");
-  COMPARE(stnp(d27, d28, MemOperand(fp)), "stnp d27, d28, [fp]");
-  COMPARE(ldnp(d30, d31, MemOperand(x0, 504)), "ldnp d30, d31, [x0, #504]");
-  COMPARE(stnp(d1, d2, MemOperand(x3, -512)), "stnp d1, d2, [x3, #-512]");
-
-  CLEANUP();
-}
-
 #if 0  // TODO(all): enable.
 TEST_(load_literal) {
   SET_UP();