--- /dev/null
+#ifndef VCOWPTR_H
+#define VCOWPTR_H
+
+#include<assert.h>
+
+template <typename T>
+class vcow_ptr {
+ struct model {
+ std::atomic<std::size_t> mRef{1};
+
+ model() = default;
+
+ template <class... Args>
+ explicit model(Args&&... args) : mValue(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+
+ T mValue;
+ };
+ model* mModel;
+public:
+ using element_type = T;
+
+ vcow_ptr() {
+ static model default_s;
+ mModel = &default_s;
+ ++mModel->mRef;
+ }
+
+ ~vcow_ptr() {
+ if (mModel && (--mModel->mRef == 0)) delete mModel;
+ }
+
+ template <class... Args>
+ vcow_ptr(Args&&... args)
+ : mModel(new model(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}
+
+ vcow_ptr(const vcow_ptr& x) noexcept : mModel(x.mModel) {
+ assert(mModel);
+ ++mModel->mRef;
+ }
+ vcow_ptr(vcow_ptr&& x) noexcept : mModel(x.mModel) {
+ assert(mModel);
+ x.mModel = nullptr;
+ }
+
+ auto operator=(const vcow_ptr& x) noexcept -> vcow_ptr& {
+ return *this = vcow_ptr(x);
+ }
+
+ auto operator=(vcow_ptr&& x) noexcept -> vcow_ptr& {
+ auto tmp = std::move(x);
+ swap(*this, tmp);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ auto operator*() const noexcept -> const element_type& { return read(); }
+
+ auto operator-> () const noexcept -> const element_type* { return &read(); }
+
+ bool unique() const noexcept {
+ assert(mModel);
+
+ return mModel->mRef == 1;
+ }
+
+ auto write() -> element_type& {
+ if (!unique()) *this = vcow_ptr(read());
+
+ return mModel->mValue;
+ }
+
+ auto read() const noexcept -> const element_type& {
+ assert(mModel);
+
+ return mModel->mValue;
+ }
+
+ friend inline void swap(vcow_ptr& x, vcow_ptr& y) noexcept {
+ std::swap(x.mModel, y.mModel);
+ }
+};
+
+#endif // VCOWPTR_H