Import rustc-demangle 0.1.21

diff --git a/.cargo_vcs_info.json b/.cargo_vcs_info.json
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..8dc2ce5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.cargo_vcs_info.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "git": {
+    "sha1": "2811a1ad6f7c8bead2ef3671e4fdc10de1553e96"
+  }
+}

diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..7377d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+- package-ecosystem: cargo
+  directory: "/"
+  schedule:
+    interval: daily
+    time: "08:00"
+  open-pull-requests-limit: 10

diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..6ae8d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+name: CI
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: Test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        rust: [stable, beta, nightly]
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Install Rust
+      run: rustup update ${{ matrix.rust }} && rustup default ${{ matrix.rust }}
+    - run: cargo build --all
+    - run: cargo test --all
+
+  fuzz_targets:
+    name: Fuzz Targets
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    # Note that building with fuzzers requires nightly since it uses unstable
+    # flags to rustc.
+    - run: rustup update nightly && rustup default nightly
+    - run: cargo install cargo-fuzz --vers "^0.10"
+    - run: cargo fuzz build --dev
+
+  rustfmt:
+    name: Rustfmt
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: Install Rust
+      run: rustup update stable && rustup default stable && rustup component add rustfmt
+    - run: cargo fmt -- --check
+
+  publish_docs:
+    name: Publish Documentation
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Install Rust
+        run: rustup update stable && rustup default stable
+      - name: Build documentation
+        run: cargo doc --no-deps
+      - name: Publish documentation
+        run: |
+          cd target/doc
+          git init
+          git add .
+          git -c user.name='ci' -c user.email='ci' commit -m init
+          git push -f -q https://git:${{ secrets.github_token }}@github.com/${{ github.repository }} HEAD:gh-pages
+        if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.ref == 'refs/heads/main'

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..a9d37c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+target
+Cargo.lock

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..2253b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY CARGO
+#
+# When uploading crates to the registry Cargo will automatically
+# "normalize" Cargo.toml files for maximal compatibility
+# with all versions of Cargo and also rewrite `path` dependencies
+# to registry (e.g., crates.io) dependencies
+#
+# If you believe there's an error in this file please file an
+# issue against the rust-lang/cargo repository. If you're
+# editing this file be aware that the upstream Cargo.toml
+# will likely look very different (and much more reasonable)
+
+[package]
+name = "rustc-demangle"
+version = "0.1.21"
+authors = ["Alex Crichton <alex@alexcrichton.com>"]
+description = "Rust compiler symbol demangling.\n"
+homepage = "https://github.com/alexcrichton/rustc-demangle"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/rustc-demangle"
+readme = "README.md"
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/alexcrichton/rustc-demangle"
+[profile.release]
+lto = true
+[dependencies.compiler_builtins]
+version = "0.1.2"
+optional = true
+
+[dependencies.core]
+version = "1.0.0"
+optional = true
+package = "rustc-std-workspace-core"
+
+[features]
+rustc-dep-of-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins"]

diff --git a/Cargo.toml.orig b/Cargo.toml.orig
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..552e069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+[package]
+name = "rustc-demangle"
+version = "0.1.21"
+authors = ["Alex Crichton <alex@alexcrichton.com>"]
+license = "MIT/Apache-2.0"
+readme = "README.md"
+repository = "https://github.com/alexcrichton/rustc-demangle"
+homepage = "https://github.com/alexcrichton/rustc-demangle"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/rustc-demangle"
+description = """
+Rust compiler symbol demangling.
+"""
+
+[workspace]
+members = ["crates/capi", "fuzz"]
+
+[dependencies]
+core = { version = '1.0.0', optional = true, package = 'rustc-std-workspace-core' }
+compiler_builtins = { version = '0.1.2', optional = true }
+
+[features]
+rustc-dep-of-std = ['core', 'compiler_builtins']
+
+[profile.release]
+lto = true

diff --git a/LICENSE-APACHE b/LICENSE-APACHE
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..16fe87b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE-APACHE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
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+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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diff --git a/LICENSE-MIT b/LICENSE-MIT
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..39e0ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE-MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014 Alex Crichton
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..0833e1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# rustc-demangle
+
+Demangling for Rust symbols, written in Rust.
+
+[Documentation](https://docs.rs/rustc-demangle)
+
+## Usage
+
+You can add this as a dependency via your `Cargo.toml`
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+rustc-demangle = "0.1"
+```
+
+and then be sure to check out the [crate
+documentation](https://docs.rs/rustc-demangle) for usage.
+
+## Usage from non-Rust languages
+
+You can also use this crate from other languages via the C API wrapper in the
+`crates/capi` directory. This can be build with:
+
+```sh
+$ cargo build -p rustc-demangle-capi --release
+```
+
+You'll then find `target/release/librustc_demangle.a` and
+`target/release/librustc_demangle.so` (or a different name depending on your
+platform). These objects implement the interface specified in
+`crates/capi/include/rustc_demangle.h`.
+
+# License
+
+This project is licensed under either of
+
+ * Apache License, Version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
+ * MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or
+   http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+at your option.
+
+### Contribution
+
+Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted
+for inclusion in rustc-demangle you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall
+be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.

diff --git a/src/legacy.rs b/src/legacy.rs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d55f3a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/legacy.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+use core::char;
+use core::fmt;
+
+/// Representation of a demangled symbol name.
+pub struct Demangle<'a> {
+    inner: &'a str,
+    /// The number of ::-separated elements in the original name.
+    elements: usize,
+}
+
+/// De-mangles a Rust symbol into a more readable version
+///
+/// All Rust symbols by default are mangled as they contain characters that
+/// cannot be represented in all object files. The mangling mechanism is similar
+/// to C++'s, but Rust has a few specifics to handle items like lifetimes in
+/// symbols.
+///
+/// This function will take a **mangled** symbol and return a value. When printed,
+/// the de-mangled version will be written. If the symbol does not look like
+/// a mangled symbol, the original value will be written instead.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rustc_demangle::demangle;
+///
+/// assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN4testE").to_string(), "test");
+/// assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN3foo3barE").to_string(), "foo::bar");
+/// assert_eq!(demangle("foo").to_string(), "foo");
+/// ```
+
+// All Rust symbols are in theory lists of "::"-separated identifiers. Some
+// assemblers, however, can't handle these characters in symbol names. To get
+// around this, we use C++-style mangling. The mangling method is:
+//
+// 1. Prefix the symbol with "_ZN"
+// 2. For each element of the path, emit the length plus the element
+// 3. End the path with "E"
+//
+// For example, "_ZN4testE" => "test" and "_ZN3foo3barE" => "foo::bar".
+//
+// We're the ones printing our backtraces, so we can't rely on anything else to
+// demangle our symbols. It's *much* nicer to look at demangled symbols, so
+// this function is implemented to give us nice pretty output.
+//
+// Note that this demangler isn't quite as fancy as it could be. We have lots
+// of other information in our symbols like hashes, version, type information,
+// etc. Additionally, this doesn't handle glue symbols at all.
+pub fn demangle(s: &str) -> Result<(Demangle, &str), ()> {
+    // First validate the symbol. If it doesn't look like anything we're
+    // expecting, we just print it literally. Note that we must handle non-Rust
+    // symbols because we could have any function in the backtrace.
+    let inner = if s.starts_with("_ZN") {
+        &s[3..]
+    } else if s.starts_with("ZN") {
+        // On Windows, dbghelp strips leading underscores, so we accept "ZN...E"
+        // form too.
+        &s[2..]
+    } else if s.starts_with("__ZN") {
+        // On OSX, symbols are prefixed with an extra _
+        &s[4..]
+    } else {
+        return Err(());
+    };
+
+    // only work with ascii text
+    if inner.bytes().any(|c| c & 0x80 != 0) {
+        return Err(());
+    }
+
+    let mut elements = 0;
+    let mut chars = inner.chars();
+    let mut c = chars.next().ok_or(())?;
+    while c != 'E' {
+        // Decode an identifier element's length.
+        if !c.is_digit(10) {
+            return Err(());
+        }
+        let mut len = 0usize;
+        while let Some(d) = c.to_digit(10) {
+            len = len
+                .checked_mul(10)
+                .and_then(|len| len.checked_add(d as usize))
+                .ok_or(())?;
+            c = chars.next().ok_or(())?;
+        }
+
+        // `c` already contains the first character of this identifier, skip it and
+        // all the other characters of this identifier, to reach the next element.
+        for _ in 0..len {
+            c = chars.next().ok_or(())?;
+        }
+
+        elements += 1;
+    }
+
+    Ok((Demangle { inner, elements }, chars.as_str()))
+}
+
+// Rust hashes are hex digits with an `h` prepended.
+fn is_rust_hash(s: &str) -> bool {
+    s.starts_with('h') && s[1..].chars().all(|c| c.is_digit(16))
+}
+
+impl<'a> fmt::Display for Demangle<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        // Alright, let's do this.
+        let mut inner = self.inner;
+        for element in 0..self.elements {
+            let mut rest = inner;
+            while rest.chars().next().unwrap().is_digit(10) {
+                rest = &rest[1..];
+            }
+            let i: usize = inner[..(inner.len() - rest.len())].parse().unwrap();
+            inner = &rest[i..];
+            rest = &rest[..i];
+            // Skip printing the hash if alternate formatting
+            // was requested.
+            if f.alternate() && element + 1 == self.elements && is_rust_hash(&rest) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if element != 0 {
+                f.write_str("::")?;
+            }
+            if rest.starts_with("_$") {
+                rest = &rest[1..];
+            }
+            loop {
+                if rest.starts_with('.') {
+                    if let Some('.') = rest[1..].chars().next() {
+                        f.write_str("::")?;
+                        rest = &rest[2..];
+                    } else {
+                        f.write_str(".")?;
+                        rest = &rest[1..];
+                    }
+                } else if rest.starts_with('$') {
+                    let (escape, after_escape) = if let Some(end) = rest[1..].find('$') {
+                        (&rest[1..=end], &rest[end + 2..])
+                    } else {
+                        break;
+                    };
+
+                    // see src/librustc_codegen_utils/symbol_names/legacy.rs for these mappings
+                    let unescaped = match escape {
+                        "SP" => "@",
+                        "BP" => "*",
+                        "RF" => "&",
+                        "LT" => "<",
+                        "GT" => ">",
+                        "LP" => "(",
+                        "RP" => ")",
+                        "C" => ",",
+
+                        _ => {
+                            if escape.starts_with('u') {
+                                let digits = &escape[1..];
+                                let all_lower_hex = digits.chars().all(|c| match c {
+                                    '0'..='9' | 'a'..='f' => true,
+                                    _ => false,
+                                });
+                                let c = u32::from_str_radix(digits, 16)
+                                    .ok()
+                                    .and_then(char::from_u32);
+                                if let (true, Some(c)) = (all_lower_hex, c) {
+                                    // FIXME(eddyb) do we need to filter out control codepoints?
+                                    if !c.is_control() {
+                                        c.fmt(f)?;
+                                        rest = after_escape;
+                                        continue;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    };
+                    f.write_str(unescaped)?;
+                    rest = after_escape;
+                } else if let Some(i) = rest.find(|c| c == '$' || c == '.') {
+                    f.write_str(&rest[..i])?;
+                    rest = &rest[i..];
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            f.write_str(rest)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::prelude::v1::*;
+
+    macro_rules! t {
+        ($a:expr, $b:expr) => {
+            assert!(ok($a, $b))
+        };
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! t_err {
+        ($a:expr) => {
+            assert!(ok_err($a))
+        };
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! t_nohash {
+        ($a:expr, $b:expr) => {{
+            assert_eq!(format!("{:#}", ::demangle($a)), $b);
+        }};
+    }
+
+    fn ok(sym: &str, expected: &str) -> bool {
+        match ::try_demangle(sym) {
+            Ok(s) => {
+                if s.to_string() == expected {
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    println!("\n{}\n!=\n{}\n", s, expected);
+                    false
+                }
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                println!("error demangling");
+                false
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn ok_err(sym: &str) -> bool {
+        match ::try_demangle(sym) {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                println!("succeeded in demangling");
+                false
+            }
+            Err(_) => ::demangle(sym).to_string() == sym,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle() {
+        t_err!("test");
+        t!("_ZN4testE", "test");
+        t_err!("_ZN4test");
+        t!("_ZN4test1a2bcE", "test::a::bc");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_dollars() {
+        t!("_ZN4$RP$E", ")");
+        t!("_ZN8$RF$testE", "&test");
+        t!("_ZN8$BP$test4foobE", "*test::foob");
+        t!("_ZN9$u20$test4foobE", " test::foob");
+        t!("_ZN35Bar$LT$$u5b$u32$u3b$$u20$4$u5d$$GT$E", "Bar<[u32; 4]>");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_many_dollars() {
+        t!("_ZN13test$u20$test4foobE", "test test::foob");
+        t!("_ZN12test$BP$test4foobE", "test*test::foob");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_osx() {
+        t!(
+            "__ZN5alloc9allocator6Layout9for_value17h02a996811f781011E",
+            "alloc::allocator::Layout::for_value::h02a996811f781011"
+        );
+        t!("__ZN38_$LT$core..option..Option$LT$T$GT$$GT$6unwrap18_MSG_FILE_LINE_COL17haf7cb8d5824ee659E", "<core::option::Option<T>>::unwrap::_MSG_FILE_LINE_COL::haf7cb8d5824ee659");
+        t!("__ZN4core5slice89_$LT$impl$u20$core..iter..traits..IntoIterator$u20$for$u20$$RF$$u27$a$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9into_iter17h450e234d27262170E", "core::slice::<impl core::iter::traits::IntoIterator for &'a [T]>::into_iter::h450e234d27262170");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_windows() {
+        t!("ZN4testE", "test");
+        t!("ZN13test$u20$test4foobE", "test test::foob");
+        t!("ZN12test$RF$test4foobE", "test&test::foob");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_elements_beginning_with_underscore() {
+        t!("_ZN13_$LT$test$GT$E", "<test>");
+        t!("_ZN28_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$E", "{{closure}}");
+        t!("_ZN15__STATIC_FMTSTRE", "__STATIC_FMTSTR");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_trait_impls() {
+        t!(
+            "_ZN71_$LT$Test$u20$$u2b$$u20$$u27$static$u20$as$u20$foo..Bar$LT$Test$GT$$GT$3barE",
+            "<Test + 'static as foo::Bar<Test>>::bar"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_without_hash() {
+        let s = "_ZN3foo17h05af221e174051e9E";
+        t!(s, "foo::h05af221e174051e9");
+        t_nohash!(s, "foo");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_without_hash_edgecases() {
+        // One element, no hash.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3fooE", "foo");
+        // Two elements, no hash.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3foo3barE", "foo::bar");
+        // Longer-than-normal hash.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3foo20h05af221e174051e9abcE", "foo");
+        // Shorter-than-normal hash.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3foo5h05afE", "foo");
+        // Valid hash, but not at the end.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN17h05af221e174051e93fooE", "h05af221e174051e9::foo");
+        // Not a valid hash, missing the 'h'.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3foo16ffaf221e174051e9E", "foo::ffaf221e174051e9");
+        // Not a valid hash, has a non-hex-digit.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3foo17hg5af221e174051e9E", "foo::hg5af221e174051e9");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_thinlto() {
+        // One element, no hash.
+        t!("_ZN3fooE.llvm.9D1C9369", "foo");
+        t!("_ZN3fooE.llvm.9D1C9369@@16", "foo");
+        t_nohash!(
+            "_ZN9backtrace3foo17hbb467fcdaea5d79bE.llvm.A5310EB9",
+            "backtrace::foo"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_llvm_ir_branch_labels() {
+        t!("_ZN4core5slice77_$LT$impl$u20$core..ops..index..IndexMut$LT$I$GT$$u20$for$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9index_mut17haf9727c2edfbc47bE.exit.i.i", "core::slice::<impl core::ops::index::IndexMut<I> for [T]>::index_mut::haf9727c2edfbc47b.exit.i.i");
+        t_nohash!("_ZN4core5slice77_$LT$impl$u20$core..ops..index..IndexMut$LT$I$GT$$u20$for$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9index_mut17haf9727c2edfbc47bE.exit.i.i", "core::slice::<impl core::ops::index::IndexMut<I> for [T]>::index_mut.exit.i.i");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_ignores_suffix_that_doesnt_look_like_a_symbol() {
+        t_err!("_ZN3fooE.llvm moocow");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dont_panic() {
+        ::demangle("_ZN2222222222222222222222EE").to_string();
+        ::demangle("_ZN5*70527e27.ll34csaғE").to_string();
+        ::demangle("_ZN5*70527a54.ll34_$b.1E").to_string();
+        ::demangle(
+            "\
+             _ZN5~saäb4e\n\
+             2734cOsbE\n\
+             5usage20h)3\0\0\0\0\0\0\07e2734cOsbE\
+             ",
+        )
+        .to_string();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn invalid_no_chop() {
+        t_err!("_ZNfooE");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn handle_assoc_types() {
+        t!("_ZN151_$LT$alloc..boxed..Box$LT$alloc..boxed..FnBox$LT$A$C$$u20$Output$u3d$R$GT$$u20$$u2b$$u20$$u27$a$GT$$u20$as$u20$core..ops..function..FnOnce$LT$A$GT$$GT$9call_once17h69e8f44b3723e1caE", "<alloc::boxed::Box<alloc::boxed::FnBox<A, Output=R> + 'a> as core::ops::function::FnOnce<A>>::call_once::h69e8f44b3723e1ca");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn handle_bang() {
+        t!(
+            "_ZN88_$LT$core..result..Result$LT$$u21$$C$$u20$E$GT$$u20$as$u20$std..process..Termination$GT$6report17hfc41d0da4a40b3e8E",
+            "<core::result::Result<!, E> as std::process::Termination>::report::hfc41d0da4a40b3e8"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_utf8_idents() {
+        t_nohash!(
+            "_ZN11utf8_idents157_$u10e1$$u10d0$$u10ed$$u10db$$u10d4$$u10da$$u10d0$$u10d3$_$u10d2$$u10d4$$u10db$$u10e0$$u10d8$$u10d4$$u10da$$u10d8$_$u10e1$$u10d0$$u10d3$$u10d8$$u10da$$u10d8$17h21634fd5714000aaE",
+            "utf8_idents::საჭმელად_გემრიელი_სადილი"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_issue_60925() {
+        t_nohash!(
+            "_ZN11issue_609253foo37Foo$LT$issue_60925..llv$u6d$..Foo$GT$3foo17h059a991a004536adE",
+            "issue_60925::foo::Foo<issue_60925::llvm::Foo>::foo"
+        );
+    }
+}

diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..1ecb13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+//! Demangle Rust compiler symbol names.
+//!
+//! This crate provides a `demangle` function which will return a `Demangle`
+//! sentinel value that can be used to learn about the demangled version of a
+//! symbol name. The demangled representation will be the same as the original
+//! if it doesn't look like a mangled symbol name.
+//!
+//! `Demangle` can be formatted with the `Display` trait. The alternate
+//! modifier (`#`) can be used to format the symbol name without the
+//! trailing hash value.
+//!
+//! # Examples
+//!
+//! ```
+//! use rustc_demangle::demangle;
+//!
+//! assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN4testE").to_string(), "test");
+//! assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN3foo3barE").to_string(), "foo::bar");
+//! assert_eq!(demangle("foo").to_string(), "foo");
+//! // With hash
+//! assert_eq!(format!("{}", demangle("_ZN3foo17h05af221e174051e9E")), "foo::h05af221e174051e9");
+//! // Without hash
+//! assert_eq!(format!("{:#}", demangle("_ZN3foo17h05af221e174051e9E")), "foo");
+//! ```
+
+#![no_std]
+#![deny(missing_docs)]
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate std;
+
+// HACK(eddyb) helper macros for tests.
+#[cfg(test)]
+macro_rules! assert_contains {
+    ($s:expr, $needle:expr) => {{
+        let (s, needle) = ($s, $needle);
+        assert!(
+            s.contains(needle),
+            "{:?} should've contained {:?}",
+            s,
+            needle
+        );
+    }};
+}
+#[cfg(test)]
+macro_rules! assert_ends_with {
+    ($s:expr, $suffix:expr) => {{
+        let (s, suffix) = ($s, $suffix);
+        assert!(
+            s.ends_with(suffix),
+            "{:?} should've ended in {:?}",
+            s,
+            suffix
+        );
+    }};
+}
+
+mod legacy;
+mod v0;
+
+use core::fmt::{self, Write as _};
+
+/// Representation of a demangled symbol name.
+pub struct Demangle<'a> {
+    style: Option<DemangleStyle<'a>>,
+    original: &'a str,
+    suffix: &'a str,
+}
+
+enum DemangleStyle<'a> {
+    Legacy(legacy::Demangle<'a>),
+    V0(v0::Demangle<'a>),
+}
+
+/// De-mangles a Rust symbol into a more readable version
+///
+/// This function will take a **mangled** symbol and return a value. When printed,
+/// the de-mangled version will be written. If the symbol does not look like
+/// a mangled symbol, the original value will be written instead.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use rustc_demangle::demangle;
+///
+/// assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN4testE").to_string(), "test");
+/// assert_eq!(demangle("_ZN3foo3barE").to_string(), "foo::bar");
+/// assert_eq!(demangle("foo").to_string(), "foo");
+/// ```
+pub fn demangle(mut s: &str) -> Demangle {
+    // During ThinLTO LLVM may import and rename internal symbols, so strip out
+    // those endings first as they're one of the last manglings applied to symbol
+    // names.
+    let llvm = ".llvm.";
+    if let Some(i) = s.find(llvm) {
+        let candidate = &s[i + llvm.len()..];
+        let all_hex = candidate.chars().all(|c| match c {
+            'A'..='F' | '0'..='9' | '@' => true,
+            _ => false,
+        });
+
+        if all_hex {
+            s = &s[..i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut suffix = "";
+    let mut style = match legacy::demangle(s) {
+        Ok((d, s)) => {
+            suffix = s;
+            Some(DemangleStyle::Legacy(d))
+        }
+        Err(()) => match v0::demangle(s) {
+            Ok((d, s)) => {
+                suffix = s;
+                Some(DemangleStyle::V0(d))
+            }
+            // FIXME(eddyb) would it make sense to treat an unknown-validity
+            // symbol (e.g. one that errored with `RecursedTooDeep`) as
+            // v0-mangled, and have the error show up in the demangling?
+            // (that error already gets past this initial check, and therefore
+            // will show up in the demangling, if hidden behind a backref)
+            Err(v0::ParseError::Invalid) | Err(v0::ParseError::RecursedTooDeep) => None,
+        },
+    };
+
+    // Output like LLVM IR adds extra period-delimited words. See if
+    // we are in that case and save the trailing words if so.
+    if !suffix.is_empty() {
+        if suffix.starts_with('.') && is_symbol_like(suffix) {
+            // Keep the suffix.
+        } else {
+            // Reset the suffix and invalidate the demangling.
+            suffix = "";
+            style = None;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Demangle {
+        style,
+        original: s,
+        suffix,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Error returned from the `try_demangle` function below when demangling fails.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TryDemangleError {
+    _priv: (),
+}
+
+/// The same as `demangle`, except return an `Err` if the string does not appear
+/// to be a Rust symbol, rather than "demangling" the given string as a no-op.
+///
+/// ```
+/// extern crate rustc_demangle;
+///
+/// let not_a_rust_symbol = "la la la";
+///
+/// // The `try_demangle` function will reject strings which are not Rust symbols.
+/// assert!(rustc_demangle::try_demangle(not_a_rust_symbol).is_err());
+///
+/// // While `demangle` will just pass the non-symbol through as a no-op.
+/// assert_eq!(rustc_demangle::demangle(not_a_rust_symbol).as_str(), not_a_rust_symbol);
+/// ```
+pub fn try_demangle(s: &str) -> Result<Demangle, TryDemangleError> {
+    let sym = demangle(s);
+    if sym.style.is_some() {
+        Ok(sym)
+    } else {
+        Err(TryDemangleError { _priv: () })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Demangle<'a> {
+    /// Returns the underlying string that's being demangled.
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &'a str {
+        self.original
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_symbol_like(s: &str) -> bool {
+    s.chars().all(|c| {
+        // Once `char::is_ascii_punctuation` and `char::is_ascii_alphanumeric`
+        // have been stable for long enough, use those instead for clarity
+        is_ascii_alphanumeric(c) || is_ascii_punctuation(c)
+    })
+}
+
+// Copied from the documentation of `char::is_ascii_alphanumeric`
+fn is_ascii_alphanumeric(c: char) -> bool {
+    match c {
+        '\u{0041}'..='\u{005A}' | '\u{0061}'..='\u{007A}' | '\u{0030}'..='\u{0039}' => true,
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+// Copied from the documentation of `char::is_ascii_punctuation`
+fn is_ascii_punctuation(c: char) -> bool {
+    match c {
+        '\u{0021}'..='\u{002F}'
+        | '\u{003A}'..='\u{0040}'
+        | '\u{005B}'..='\u{0060}'
+        | '\u{007B}'..='\u{007E}' => true,
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> fmt::Display for DemangleStyle<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            DemangleStyle::Legacy(ref d) => fmt::Display::fmt(d, f),
+            DemangleStyle::V0(ref d) => fmt::Display::fmt(d, f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Maximum size of the symbol that we'll print.
+const MAX_SIZE: usize = 1_000_000;
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+struct SizeLimitExhausted;
+
+struct SizeLimitedFmtAdapter<F> {
+    remaining: Result<usize, SizeLimitExhausted>,
+    inner: F,
+}
+
+impl<F: fmt::Write> fmt::Write for SizeLimitedFmtAdapter<F> {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.remaining = self
+            .remaining
+            .and_then(|r| r.checked_sub(s.len()).ok_or(SizeLimitExhausted));
+
+        match self.remaining {
+            Ok(_) => self.inner.write_str(s),
+            Err(SizeLimitExhausted) => Err(fmt::Error),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> fmt::Display for Demangle<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self.style {
+            None => f.write_str(self.original)?,
+            Some(ref d) => {
+                let alternate = f.alternate();
+                let mut size_limited_fmt = SizeLimitedFmtAdapter {
+                    remaining: Ok(MAX_SIZE),
+                    inner: &mut *f,
+                };
+                let fmt_result = if alternate {
+                    write!(size_limited_fmt, "{:#}", d)
+                } else {
+                    write!(size_limited_fmt, "{}", d)
+                };
+                let size_limit_result = size_limited_fmt.remaining.map(|_| ());
+
+                // Translate a `fmt::Error` generated by `SizeLimitedFmtAdapter`
+                // into an error message, instead of propagating it upwards
+                // (which could cause panicking from inside e.g. `std::io::print`).
+                match (fmt_result, size_limit_result) {
+                    (Err(_), Err(SizeLimitExhausted)) => f.write_str("{size limit reached}")?,
+
+                    _ => {
+                        fmt_result?;
+                        size_limit_result
+                            .expect("`fmt::Error` from `SizeLimitedFmtAdapter` was discarded");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        f.write_str(self.suffix)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> fmt::Debug for Demangle<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Display::fmt(self, f)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::prelude::v1::*;
+
+    macro_rules! t {
+        ($a:expr, $b:expr) => {
+            assert!(ok($a, $b))
+        };
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! t_err {
+        ($a:expr) => {
+            assert!(ok_err($a))
+        };
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! t_nohash {
+        ($a:expr, $b:expr) => {{
+            assert_eq!(format!("{:#}", super::demangle($a)), $b);
+        }};
+    }
+
+    fn ok(sym: &str, expected: &str) -> bool {
+        match super::try_demangle(sym) {
+            Ok(s) => {
+                if s.to_string() == expected {
+                    true
+                } else {
+                    println!("\n{}\n!=\n{}\n", s, expected);
+                    false
+                }
+            }
+            Err(_) => {
+                println!("error demangling");
+                false
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn ok_err(sym: &str) -> bool {
+        match super::try_demangle(sym) {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                println!("succeeded in demangling");
+                false
+            }
+            Err(_) => super::demangle(sym).to_string() == sym,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle() {
+        t_err!("test");
+        t!("_ZN4testE", "test");
+        t_err!("_ZN4test");
+        t!("_ZN4test1a2bcE", "test::a::bc");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_dollars() {
+        t!("_ZN4$RP$E", ")");
+        t!("_ZN8$RF$testE", "&test");
+        t!("_ZN8$BP$test4foobE", "*test::foob");
+        t!("_ZN9$u20$test4foobE", " test::foob");
+        t!("_ZN35Bar$LT$$u5b$u32$u3b$$u20$4$u5d$$GT$E", "Bar<[u32; 4]>");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_many_dollars() {
+        t!("_ZN13test$u20$test4foobE", "test test::foob");
+        t!("_ZN12test$BP$test4foobE", "test*test::foob");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_osx() {
+        t!(
+            "__ZN5alloc9allocator6Layout9for_value17h02a996811f781011E",
+            "alloc::allocator::Layout::for_value::h02a996811f781011"
+        );
+        t!("__ZN38_$LT$core..option..Option$LT$T$GT$$GT$6unwrap18_MSG_FILE_LINE_COL17haf7cb8d5824ee659E", "<core::option::Option<T>>::unwrap::_MSG_FILE_LINE_COL::haf7cb8d5824ee659");
+        t!("__ZN4core5slice89_$LT$impl$u20$core..iter..traits..IntoIterator$u20$for$u20$$RF$$u27$a$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9into_iter17h450e234d27262170E", "core::slice::<impl core::iter::traits::IntoIterator for &'a [T]>::into_iter::h450e234d27262170");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_windows() {
+        t!("ZN4testE", "test");
+        t!("ZN13test$u20$test4foobE", "test test::foob");
+        t!("ZN12test$RF$test4foobE", "test&test::foob");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_elements_beginning_with_underscore() {
+        t!("_ZN13_$LT$test$GT$E", "<test>");
+        t!("_ZN28_$u7b$$u7b$closure$u7d$$u7d$E", "{{closure}}");
+        t!("_ZN15__STATIC_FMTSTRE", "__STATIC_FMTSTR");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_trait_impls() {
+        t!(
+            "_ZN71_$LT$Test$u20$$u2b$$u20$$u27$static$u20$as$u20$foo..Bar$LT$Test$GT$$GT$3barE",
+            "<Test + 'static as foo::Bar<Test>>::bar"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_without_hash() {
+        let s = "_ZN3foo17h05af221e174051e9E";
+        t!(s, "foo::h05af221e174051e9");
+        t_nohash!(s, "foo");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_without_hash_edgecases() {
+        // One element, no hash.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3fooE", "foo");
+        // Two elements, no hash.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3foo3barE", "foo::bar");
+        // Longer-than-normal hash.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3foo20h05af221e174051e9abcE", "foo");
+        // Shorter-than-normal hash.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3foo5h05afE", "foo");
+        // Valid hash, but not at the end.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN17h05af221e174051e93fooE", "h05af221e174051e9::foo");
+        // Not a valid hash, missing the 'h'.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3foo16ffaf221e174051e9E", "foo::ffaf221e174051e9");
+        // Not a valid hash, has a non-hex-digit.
+        t_nohash!("_ZN3foo17hg5af221e174051e9E", "foo::hg5af221e174051e9");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_thinlto() {
+        // One element, no hash.
+        t!("_ZN3fooE.llvm.9D1C9369", "foo");
+        t!("_ZN3fooE.llvm.9D1C9369@@16", "foo");
+        t_nohash!(
+            "_ZN9backtrace3foo17hbb467fcdaea5d79bE.llvm.A5310EB9",
+            "backtrace::foo"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_llvm_ir_branch_labels() {
+        t!("_ZN4core5slice77_$LT$impl$u20$core..ops..index..IndexMut$LT$I$GT$$u20$for$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9index_mut17haf9727c2edfbc47bE.exit.i.i", "core::slice::<impl core::ops::index::IndexMut<I> for [T]>::index_mut::haf9727c2edfbc47b.exit.i.i");
+        t_nohash!("_ZN4core5slice77_$LT$impl$u20$core..ops..index..IndexMut$LT$I$GT$$u20$for$u20$$u5b$T$u5d$$GT$9index_mut17haf9727c2edfbc47bE.exit.i.i", "core::slice::<impl core::ops::index::IndexMut<I> for [T]>::index_mut.exit.i.i");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_ignores_suffix_that_doesnt_look_like_a_symbol() {
+        t_err!("_ZN3fooE.llvm moocow");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dont_panic() {
+        super::demangle("_ZN2222222222222222222222EE").to_string();
+        super::demangle("_ZN5*70527e27.ll34csaғE").to_string();
+        super::demangle("_ZN5*70527a54.ll34_$b.1E").to_string();
+        super::demangle(
+            "\
+             _ZN5~saäb4e\n\
+             2734cOsbE\n\
+             5usage20h)3\0\0\0\0\0\0\07e2734cOsbE\
+             ",
+        )
+        .to_string();
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn invalid_no_chop() {
+        t_err!("_ZNfooE");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn handle_assoc_types() {
+        t!("_ZN151_$LT$alloc..boxed..Box$LT$alloc..boxed..FnBox$LT$A$C$$u20$Output$u3d$R$GT$$u20$$u2b$$u20$$u27$a$GT$$u20$as$u20$core..ops..function..FnOnce$LT$A$GT$$GT$9call_once17h69e8f44b3723e1caE", "<alloc::boxed::Box<alloc::boxed::FnBox<A, Output=R> + 'a> as core::ops::function::FnOnce<A>>::call_once::h69e8f44b3723e1ca");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn handle_bang() {
+        t!(
+            "_ZN88_$LT$core..result..Result$LT$$u21$$C$$u20$E$GT$$u20$as$u20$std..process..Termination$GT$6report17hfc41d0da4a40b3e8E",
+            "<core::result::Result<!, E> as std::process::Termination>::report::hfc41d0da4a40b3e8"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn limit_recursion() {
+        assert_contains!(
+            super::demangle("_RNvB_1a").to_string(),
+            "{recursion limit reached}"
+        );
+        assert_contains!(
+            super::demangle("_RMC0RB2_").to_string(),
+            "{recursion limit reached}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn limit_output() {
+        assert_ends_with!(
+            super::demangle("RYFG_FGyyEvRYFF_EvRYFFEvERLB_B_B_ERLRjB_B_B_").to_string(),
+            "{size limit reached}"
+        );
+        // NOTE(eddyb) somewhat reduced version of the above, effectively
+        // `<for<...> fn()>` with a larger number of lifetimes in `...`.
+        assert_ends_with!(
+            super::demangle("_RMC0FGZZZ_Eu").to_string(),
+            "{size limit reached}"
+        );
+    }
+}

diff --git a/src/v0-large-test-symbols/early-recursion-limit b/src/v0-large-test-symbols/early-recursion-limit
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..914d416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/v0-large-test-symbols/early-recursion-limit
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# NOTE: empty lines, and lines starting with `#`, are ignored.
+
+# Large test symbols for `v0::test::demangling_limits`, that specifically cause
+# a `RecursedTooDeep` error from `v0::demangle`'s shallow traversal (sanity check)
+# of the mangled symbol, i.e. before any printing coudl be attempted.
+
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diff --git a/src/v0.rs b/src/v0.rs
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..3e88fa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/v0.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1530 @@
+use core::convert::TryFrom;
+use core::{char, fmt, iter, mem, str};
+
+#[allow(unused_macros)]
+macro_rules! write {
+    ($($ignored:tt)*) => {
+        compile_error!(
+            "use `self.print(value)` or `fmt::Trait::fmt(&value, self.out)`, \
+             instead of `write!(self.out, \"{...}\", value)`"
+        )
+    };
+}
+
+// Maximum recursion depth when parsing symbols before we just bail out saying
+// "this symbol is invalid"
+const MAX_DEPTH: u32 = 500;
+
+/// Representation of a demangled symbol name.
+pub struct Demangle<'a> {
+    inner: &'a str,
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub enum ParseError {
+    /// Symbol doesn't match the expected `v0` grammar.
+    Invalid,
+
+    /// Parsing the symbol crossed the recursion limit (see `MAX_DEPTH`).
+    RecursedTooDeep,
+}
+
+/// De-mangles a Rust symbol into a more readable version
+///
+/// This function will take a **mangled** symbol and return a value. When printed,
+/// the de-mangled version will be written. If the symbol does not look like
+/// a mangled symbol, the original value will be written instead.
+pub fn demangle(s: &str) -> Result<(Demangle, &str), ParseError> {
+    // First validate the symbol. If it doesn't look like anything we're
+    // expecting, we just print it literally. Note that we must handle non-Rust
+    // symbols because we could have any function in the backtrace.
+    let inner;
+    if s.len() > 2 && s.starts_with("_R") {
+        inner = &s[2..];
+    } else if s.len() > 1 && s.starts_with('R') {
+        // On Windows, dbghelp strips leading underscores, so we accept "R..."
+        // form too.
+        inner = &s[1..];
+    } else if s.len() > 3 && s.starts_with("__R") {
+        // On OSX, symbols are prefixed with an extra _
+        inner = &s[3..];
+    } else {
+        return Err(ParseError::Invalid);
+    }
+
+    // Paths always start with uppercase characters.
+    match inner.as_bytes()[0] {
+        b'A'..=b'Z' => {}
+        _ => return Err(ParseError::Invalid),
+    }
+
+    // only work with ascii text
+    if inner.bytes().any(|c| c & 0x80 != 0) {
+        return Err(ParseError::Invalid);
+    }
+
+    // Verify that the symbol is indeed a valid path.
+    let try_parse_path = |parser| {
+        let mut dummy_printer = Printer {
+            parser: Ok(parser),
+            out: None,
+            bound_lifetime_depth: 0,
+        };
+        dummy_printer
+            .print_path(false)
+            .expect("`fmt::Error`s should be impossible without a `fmt::Formatter`");
+        dummy_printer.parser
+    };
+    let mut parser = Parser {
+        sym: inner,
+        next: 0,
+        depth: 0,
+    };
+    parser = try_parse_path(parser)?;
+
+    // Instantiating crate (paths always start with uppercase characters).
+    if let Some(&(b'A'..=b'Z')) = parser.sym.as_bytes().get(parser.next) {
+        parser = try_parse_path(parser)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok((Demangle { inner }, &parser.sym[parser.next..]))
+}
+
+impl<'s> fmt::Display for Demangle<'s> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let mut printer = Printer {
+            parser: Ok(Parser {
+                sym: self.inner,
+                next: 0,
+                depth: 0,
+            }),
+            out: Some(f),
+            bound_lifetime_depth: 0,
+        };
+        printer.print_path(true)
+    }
+}
+
+struct Ident<'s> {
+    /// ASCII part of the identifier.
+    ascii: &'s str,
+    /// Punycode insertion codes for Unicode codepoints, if any.
+    punycode: &'s str,
+}
+
+const SMALL_PUNYCODE_LEN: usize = 128;
+
+impl<'s> Ident<'s> {
+    /// Attempt to decode punycode on the stack (allocation-free),
+    /// and pass the char slice to the closure, if successful.
+    /// This supports up to `SMALL_PUNYCODE_LEN` characters.
+    fn try_small_punycode_decode<F: FnOnce(&[char]) -> R, R>(&self, f: F) -> Option<R> {
+        let mut out = ['\0'; SMALL_PUNYCODE_LEN];
+        let mut out_len = 0;
+        let r = self.punycode_decode(|i, c| {
+            // Check there's space left for another character.
+            out.get(out_len).ok_or(())?;
+
+            // Move the characters after the insert position.
+            let mut j = out_len;
+            out_len += 1;
+
+            while j > i {
+                out[j] = out[j - 1];
+                j -= 1;
+            }
+
+            // Insert the new character.
+            out[i] = c;
+
+            Ok(())
+        });
+        if r.is_ok() {
+            Some(f(&out[..out_len]))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Decode punycode as insertion positions and characters
+    /// and pass them to the closure, which can return `Err(())`
+    /// to stop the decoding process.
+    fn punycode_decode<F: FnMut(usize, char) -> Result<(), ()>>(
+        &self,
+        mut insert: F,
+    ) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        let mut punycode_bytes = self.punycode.bytes().peekable();
+        if punycode_bytes.peek().is_none() {
+            return Err(());
+        }
+
+        let mut len = 0;
+
+        // Populate initial output from ASCII fragment.
+        for c in self.ascii.chars() {
+            insert(len, c)?;
+            len += 1;
+        }
+
+        // Punycode parameters and initial state.
+        let base = 36;
+        let t_min = 1;
+        let t_max = 26;
+        let skew = 38;
+        let mut damp = 700;
+        let mut bias = 72;
+        let mut i: usize = 0;
+        let mut n: usize = 0x80;
+
+        loop {
+            // Read one delta value.
+            let mut delta: usize = 0;
+            let mut w = 1;
+            let mut k: usize = 0;
+            loop {
+                use core::cmp::{max, min};
+
+                k += base;
+                let t = min(max(k.saturating_sub(bias), t_min), t_max);
+
+                let d = match punycode_bytes.next() {
+                    Some(d @ b'a'..=b'z') => d - b'a',
+                    Some(d @ b'0'..=b'9') => 26 + (d - b'0'),
+                    _ => return Err(()),
+                };
+                let d = d as usize;
+                delta = delta.checked_add(d.checked_mul(w).ok_or(())?).ok_or(())?;
+                if d < t {
+                    break;
+                }
+                w = w.checked_mul(base - t).ok_or(())?;
+            }
+
+            // Compute the new insert position and character.
+            len += 1;
+            i = i.checked_add(delta).ok_or(())?;
+            n = n.checked_add(i / len).ok_or(())?;
+            i %= len;
+
+            let n_u32 = n as u32;
+            let c = if n_u32 as usize == n {
+                char::from_u32(n_u32).ok_or(())?
+            } else {
+                return Err(());
+            };
+
+            // Insert the new character and increment the insert position.
+            insert(i, c)?;
+            i += 1;
+
+            // If there are no more deltas, decoding is complete.
+            if punycode_bytes.peek().is_none() {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+
+            // Perform bias adaptation.
+            delta /= damp;
+            damp = 2;
+
+            delta += delta / len;
+            let mut k = 0;
+            while delta > ((base - t_min) * t_max) / 2 {
+                delta /= base - t_min;
+                k += base;
+            }
+            bias = k + ((base - t_min + 1) * delta) / (delta + skew);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'s> fmt::Display for Ident<'s> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.try_small_punycode_decode(|chars| {
+            for &c in chars {
+                c.fmt(f)?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        })
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+            if !self.punycode.is_empty() {
+                f.write_str("punycode{")?;
+
+                // Reconstruct a standard Punycode encoding,
+                // by using `-` as the separator.
+                if !self.ascii.is_empty() {
+                    f.write_str(self.ascii)?;
+                    f.write_str("-")?;
+                }
+                f.write_str(self.punycode)?;
+
+                f.write_str("}")
+            } else {
+                f.write_str(self.ascii)
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Sequence of lowercase hexadecimal nibbles (`0-9a-f`), used by leaf consts.
+struct HexNibbles<'s> {
+    nibbles: &'s str,
+}
+
+impl<'s> HexNibbles<'s> {
+    /// Decode an integer value (with the "most significant nibble" first),
+    /// returning `None` if it can't fit in an `u64`.
+    // FIXME(eddyb) should this "just" use `u128` instead?
+    fn try_parse_uint(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+        let nibbles = self.nibbles.trim_start_matches("0");
+
+        if nibbles.len() > 16 {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let mut v = 0;
+        for nibble in nibbles.chars() {
+            v = (v << 4) | (nibble.to_digit(16).unwrap() as u64);
+        }
+        Some(v)
+    }
+
+    /// Decode a UTF-8 byte sequence (with each byte using a pair of nibbles)
+    /// into individual `char`s, returning `None` for invalid UTF-8.
+    fn try_parse_str_chars(&self) -> Option<impl Iterator<Item = char> + 's> {
+        if self.nibbles.len() % 2 != 0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // FIXME(eddyb) use `array_chunks` instead, when that becomes stable.
+        let mut bytes = self
+            .nibbles
+            .as_bytes()
+            .chunks_exact(2)
+            .map(|slice| match slice {
+                [a, b] => [a, b],
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            })
+            .map(|[&hi, &lo]| {
+                let half = |nibble: u8| (nibble as char).to_digit(16).unwrap() as u8;
+                (half(hi) << 4) | half(lo)
+            });
+
+        let chars = iter::from_fn(move || {
+            // As long as there are any bytes left, there's at least one more
+            // UTF-8-encoded `char` to decode (or the possibility of error).
+            bytes.next().map(|first_byte| -> Result<char, ()> {
+                // FIXME(eddyb) this `enum` and `fn` should be somewhere in `core`.
+                enum Utf8FirstByteError {
+                    ContinuationByte,
+                    TooLong,
+                }
+                fn utf8_len_from_first_byte(byte: u8) -> Result<usize, Utf8FirstByteError> {
+                    match byte {
+                        0x00..=0x7f => Ok(1),
+                        0x80..=0xbf => Err(Utf8FirstByteError::ContinuationByte),
+                        0xc0..=0xdf => Ok(2),
+                        0xe0..=0xef => Ok(3),
+                        0xf0..=0xf7 => Ok(4),
+                        0xf8..=0xff => Err(Utf8FirstByteError::TooLong),
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Collect the appropriate amount of bytes (up to 4), according
+                // to the UTF-8 length implied by the first byte.
+                let utf8_len = utf8_len_from_first_byte(first_byte).map_err(|_| ())?;
+                let utf8 = &mut [first_byte, 0, 0, 0][..utf8_len];
+                for i in 1..utf8_len {
+                    utf8[i] = bytes.next().ok_or(())?;
+                }
+
+                // Fully validate the UTF-8 sequence.
+                let s = str::from_utf8(utf8).map_err(|_| ())?;
+
+                // Since we included exactly one UTF-8 sequence, and validation
+                // succeeded, `str::chars` should return exactly one `char`.
+                let mut chars = s.chars();
+                match (chars.next(), chars.next()) {
+                    (Some(c), None) => Ok(c),
+                    _ => unreachable!(
+                        "str::from_utf8({:?}) = {:?} was expected to have 1 char, \
+                         but {} chars were found",
+                        utf8,
+                        s,
+                        s.chars().count()
+                    ),
+                }
+            })
+        });
+
+        // HACK(eddyb) doing a separate validation iteration like this might be
+        // wasteful, but it's easier to avoid starting to print a string literal
+        // in the first place, than to abort it mid-string.
+        if chars.clone().any(|r| r.is_err()) {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(chars.map(Result::unwrap))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn basic_type(tag: u8) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    Some(match tag {
+        b'b' => "bool",
+        b'c' => "char",
+        b'e' => "str",
+        b'u' => "()",
+        b'a' => "i8",
+        b's' => "i16",
+        b'l' => "i32",
+        b'x' => "i64",
+        b'n' => "i128",
+        b'i' => "isize",
+        b'h' => "u8",
+        b't' => "u16",
+        b'm' => "u32",
+        b'y' => "u64",
+        b'o' => "u128",
+        b'j' => "usize",
+        b'f' => "f32",
+        b'd' => "f64",
+        b'z' => "!",
+        b'p' => "_",
+        b'v' => "...",
+
+        _ => return None,
+    })
+}
+
+struct Parser<'s> {
+    sym: &'s str,
+    next: usize,
+    depth: u32,
+}
+
+impl<'s> Parser<'s> {
+    fn push_depth(&mut self) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+        self.depth += 1;
+        if self.depth > MAX_DEPTH {
+            Err(ParseError::RecursedTooDeep)
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn pop_depth(&mut self) {
+        self.depth -= 1;
+    }
+
+    fn peek(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        self.sym.as_bytes().get(self.next).cloned()
+    }
+
+    fn eat(&mut self, b: u8) -> bool {
+        if self.peek() == Some(b) {
+            self.next += 1;
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Result<u8, ParseError> {
+        let b = self.peek().ok_or(ParseError::Invalid)?;
+        self.next += 1;
+        Ok(b)
+    }
+
+    fn hex_nibbles(&mut self) -> Result<HexNibbles<'s>, ParseError> {
+        let start = self.next;
+        loop {
+            match self.next()? {
+                b'0'..=b'9' | b'a'..=b'f' => {}
+                b'_' => break,
+                _ => return Err(ParseError::Invalid),
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(HexNibbles {
+            nibbles: &self.sym[start..self.next - 1],
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn digit_10(&mut self) -> Result<u8, ParseError> {
+        let d = match self.peek() {
+            Some(d @ b'0'..=b'9') => d - b'0',
+            _ => return Err(ParseError::Invalid),
+        };
+        self.next += 1;
+        Ok(d)
+    }
+
+    fn digit_62(&mut self) -> Result<u8, ParseError> {
+        let d = match self.peek() {
+            Some(d @ b'0'..=b'9') => d - b'0',
+            Some(d @ b'a'..=b'z') => 10 + (d - b'a'),
+            Some(d @ b'A'..=b'Z') => 10 + 26 + (d - b'A'),
+            _ => return Err(ParseError::Invalid),
+        };
+        self.next += 1;
+        Ok(d)
+    }
+
+    fn integer_62(&mut self) -> Result<u64, ParseError> {
+        if self.eat(b'_') {
+            return Ok(0);
+        }
+
+        let mut x: u64 = 0;
+        while !self.eat(b'_') {
+            let d = self.digit_62()? as u64;
+            x = x.checked_mul(62).ok_or(ParseError::Invalid)?;
+            x = x.checked_add(d).ok_or(ParseError::Invalid)?;
+        }
+        x.checked_add(1).ok_or(ParseError::Invalid)
+    }
+
+    fn opt_integer_62(&mut self, tag: u8) -> Result<u64, ParseError> {
+        if !self.eat(tag) {
+            return Ok(0);
+        }
+        self.integer_62()?.checked_add(1).ok_or(ParseError::Invalid)
+    }
+
+    fn disambiguator(&mut self) -> Result<u64, ParseError> {
+        self.opt_integer_62(b's')
+    }
+
+    fn namespace(&mut self) -> Result<Option<char>, ParseError> {
+        match self.next()? {
+            // Special namespaces, like closures and shims.
+            ns @ b'A'..=b'Z' => Ok(Some(ns as char)),
+
+            // Implementation-specific/unspecified namespaces.
+            b'a'..=b'z' => Ok(None),
+
+            _ => Err(ParseError::Invalid),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn backref(&mut self) -> Result<Parser<'s>, ParseError> {
+        let s_start = self.next - 1;
+        let i = self.integer_62()?;
+        if i >= s_start as u64 {
+            return Err(ParseError::Invalid);
+        }
+        let mut new_parser = Parser {
+            sym: self.sym,
+            next: i as usize,
+            depth: self.depth,
+        };
+        new_parser.push_depth()?;
+        Ok(new_parser)
+    }
+
+    fn ident(&mut self) -> Result<Ident<'s>, ParseError> {
+        let is_punycode = self.eat(b'u');
+        let mut len = self.digit_10()? as usize;
+        if len != 0 {
+            while let Ok(d) = self.digit_10() {
+                len = len.checked_mul(10).ok_or(ParseError::Invalid)?;
+                len = len.checked_add(d as usize).ok_or(ParseError::Invalid)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Skip past the optional `_` separator.
+        self.eat(b'_');
+
+        let start = self.next;
+        self.next = self.next.checked_add(len).ok_or(ParseError::Invalid)?;
+        if self.next > self.sym.len() {
+            return Err(ParseError::Invalid);
+        }
+
+        let ident = &self.sym[start..self.next];
+
+        if is_punycode {
+            let ident = match ident.bytes().rposition(|b| b == b'_') {
+                Some(i) => Ident {
+                    ascii: &ident[..i],
+                    punycode: &ident[i + 1..],
+                },
+                None => Ident {
+                    ascii: "",
+                    punycode: ident,
+                },
+            };
+            if ident.punycode.is_empty() {
+                return Err(ParseError::Invalid);
+            }
+            Ok(ident)
+        } else {
+            Ok(Ident {
+                ascii: ident,
+                punycode: "",
+            })
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct Printer<'a, 'b: 'a, 's> {
+    /// The input parser to demangle from, or `Err` if any (parse) error was
+    /// encountered (in order to disallow further likely-incorrect demangling).
+    ///
+    /// See also the documentation on the `invalid!` and `parse!` macros below.
+    parser: Result<Parser<'s>, ParseError>,
+
+    /// The output formatter to demangle to, or `None` while skipping printing.
+    out: Option<&'a mut fmt::Formatter<'b>>,
+
+    /// Cumulative number of lifetimes bound by `for<...>` binders ('G'),
+    /// anywhere "around" the current entity (e.g. type) being demangled.
+    /// This value is not tracked while skipping printing, as it'd be unused.
+    ///
+    /// See also the documentation on the `Printer::in_binder` method.
+    bound_lifetime_depth: u32,
+}
+
+impl ParseError {
+    /// Snippet to print when the error is initially encountered.
+    fn message(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            ParseError::Invalid => "{invalid syntax}",
+            ParseError::RecursedTooDeep => "{recursion limit reached}",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Mark the parser as errored (with `ParseError::Invalid`), print the
+/// appropriate message (see `ParseError::message`) and return early.
+macro_rules! invalid {
+    ($printer:ident) => {{
+        let err = ParseError::Invalid;
+        $printer.print(err.message())?;
+        $printer.parser = Err(err);
+        return Ok(());
+    }};
+}
+
+/// Call a parser method (if the parser hasn't errored yet),
+/// and mark the parser as errored if it returns `Err`.
+///
+/// If the parser errored, before or now, this returns early,
+/// from the current function, after printing either:
+/// * for a new error, the appropriate message (see `ParseError::message`)
+/// * for an earlier error, only `?` -  this allows callers to keep printing
+///   the approximate syntax of the path/type/const, despite having errors,
+///   e.g. `Vec<[(A, ?); ?]>` instead of `Vec<[(A, ?`
+macro_rules! parse {
+    ($printer:ident, $method:ident $(($($arg:expr),*))*) => {
+        match $printer.parser {
+            Ok(ref mut parser) => match parser.$method($($($arg),*)*) {
+                Ok(x) => x,
+                Err(err) => {
+                    $printer.print(err.message())?;
+                    $printer.parser = Err(err);
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+            }
+            Err(_) => return $printer.print("?"),
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b, 's> Printer<'a, 'b, 's> {
+    /// Eat the given character from the parser,
+    /// returning `false` if the parser errored.
+    fn eat(&mut self, b: u8) -> bool {
+        self.parser.as_mut().map(|p| p.eat(b)) == Ok(true)
+    }
+
+    /// Skip printing (i.e. `self.out` will be `None`) for the duration of the
+    /// given closure. This should not change parsing behavior, only disable the
+    /// output, but there may be optimizations (such as not traversing backrefs).
+    fn skipping_printing<F>(&mut self, f: F)
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> fmt::Result,
+    {
+        let orig_out = self.out.take();
+        f(self).expect("`fmt::Error`s should be impossible without a `fmt::Formatter`");
+        self.out = orig_out;
+    }
+
+    /// Print the target of a backref, using the given closure.
+    /// When printing is being skipped, the backref will only be parsed,
+    /// ignoring the backref's target completely.
+    fn print_backref<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> fmt::Result
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> fmt::Result,
+    {
+        let backref_parser = parse!(self, backref);
+
+        if self.out.is_none() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let orig_parser = mem::replace(&mut self.parser, Ok(backref_parser));
+        let r = f(self);
+        self.parser = orig_parser;
+        r
+    }
+
+    fn pop_depth(&mut self) {
+        if let Ok(ref mut parser) = self.parser {
+            parser.pop_depth();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Output the given value to `self.out` (using `fmt::Display` formatting),
+    /// if printing isn't being skipped.
+    fn print(&mut self, x: impl fmt::Display) -> fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(out) = &mut self.out {
+            fmt::Display::fmt(&x, out)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Output the given `char`s (escaped using `char::escape_debug`), with the
+    /// whole sequence wrapped in quotes, for either a `char` or `&str` literal,
+    /// if printing isn't being skipped.
+    fn print_quoted_escaped_chars(
+        &mut self,
+        quote: char,
+        chars: impl Iterator<Item = char>,
+    ) -> fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(out) = &mut self.out {
+            use core::fmt::Write;
+
+            out.write_char(quote)?;
+            for c in chars {
+                // Special-case not escaping a single/double quote, when
+                // inside the opposite kind of quote.
+                if matches!((quote, c), ('\'', '"') | ('"', '\'')) {
+                    out.write_char(c)?;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                for escaped in c.escape_debug() {
+                    out.write_char(escaped)?;
+                }
+            }
+            out.write_char(quote)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Print the lifetime according to the previously decoded index.
+    /// An index of `0` always refers to `'_`, but starting with `1`,
+    /// indices refer to late-bound lifetimes introduced by a binder.
+    fn print_lifetime_from_index(&mut self, lt: u64) -> fmt::Result {
+        // Bound lifetimes aren't tracked when skipping printing.
+        if self.out.is_none() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        self.print("'")?;
+        if lt == 0 {
+            return self.print("_");
+        }
+        match (self.bound_lifetime_depth as u64).checked_sub(lt) {
+            Some(depth) => {
+                // Try to print lifetimes alphabetically first.
+                if depth < 26 {
+                    let c = (b'a' + depth as u8) as char;
+                    self.print(c)
+                } else {
+                    // Use `'_123` after running out of letters.
+                    self.print("_")?;
+                    self.print(depth)
+                }
+            }
+            None => invalid!(self),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Optionally enter a binder ('G') for late-bound lifetimes,
+    /// printing e.g. `for<'a, 'b> ` before calling the closure,
+    /// and make those lifetimes visible to it (via depth level).
+    fn in_binder<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> fmt::Result
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> fmt::Result,
+    {
+        let bound_lifetimes = parse!(self, opt_integer_62(b'G'));
+
+        // Don't track bound lifetimes when skipping printing.
+        if self.out.is_none() {
+            return f(self);
+        }
+
+        if bound_lifetimes > 0 {
+            self.print("for<")?;
+            for i in 0..bound_lifetimes {
+                if i > 0 {
+                    self.print(", ")?;
+                }
+                self.bound_lifetime_depth += 1;
+                self.print_lifetime_from_index(1)?;
+            }
+            self.print("> ")?;
+        }
+
+        let r = f(self);
+
+        // Restore `bound_lifetime_depth` to the previous value.
+        self.bound_lifetime_depth -= bound_lifetimes as u32;
+
+        r
+    }
+
+    /// Print list elements using the given closure and separator,
+    /// until the end of the list ('E') is found, or the parser errors.
+    /// Returns the number of elements printed.
+    fn print_sep_list<F>(&mut self, f: F, sep: &str) -> Result<usize, fmt::Error>
+    where
+        F: Fn(&mut Self) -> fmt::Result,
+    {
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while self.parser.is_ok() && !self.eat(b'E') {
+            if i > 0 {
+                self.print(sep)?;
+            }
+            f(self)?;
+            i += 1;
+        }
+        Ok(i)
+    }
+
+    fn print_path(&mut self, in_value: bool) -> fmt::Result {
+        parse!(self, push_depth);
+
+        let tag = parse!(self, next);
+        match tag {
+            b'C' => {
+                let dis = parse!(self, disambiguator);
+                let name = parse!(self, ident);
+
+                self.print(name)?;
+                if let Some(out) = &mut self.out {
+                    if !out.alternate() {
+                        out.write_str("[")?;
+                        fmt::LowerHex::fmt(&dis, out)?;
+                        out.write_str("]")?;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            b'N' => {
+                let ns = parse!(self, namespace);
+
+                self.print_path(in_value)?;
+
+                // HACK(eddyb) if the parser is already marked as having errored,
+                // `parse!` below will print a `?` without its preceding `::`
+                // (because printing the `::` is skipped in certain conditions,
+                // i.e. a lowercase namespace with an empty identifier),
+                // so in order to get `::?`, the `::` has to be printed here.
+                if self.parser.is_err() {
+                    self.print("::")?;
+                }
+
+                let dis = parse!(self, disambiguator);
+                let name = parse!(self, ident);
+
+                match ns {
+                    // Special namespaces, like closures and shims.
+                    Some(ns) => {
+                        self.print("::{")?;
+                        match ns {
+                            'C' => self.print("closure")?,
+                            'S' => self.print("shim")?,
+                            _ => self.print(ns)?,
+                        }
+                        if !name.ascii.is_empty() || !name.punycode.is_empty() {
+                            self.print(":")?;
+                            self.print(name)?;
+                        }
+                        self.print("#")?;
+                        self.print(dis)?;
+                        self.print("}")?;
+                    }
+
+                    // Implementation-specific/unspecified namespaces.
+                    None => {
+                        if !name.ascii.is_empty() || !name.punycode.is_empty() {
+                            self.print("::")?;
+                            self.print(name)?;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            b'M' | b'X' | b'Y' => {
+                if tag != b'Y' {
+                    // Ignore the `impl`'s own path.
+                    parse!(self, disambiguator);
+                    self.skipping_printing(|this| this.print_path(false));
+                }
+
+                self.print("<")?;
+                self.print_type()?;
+                if tag != b'M' {
+                    self.print(" as ")?;
+                    self.print_path(false)?;
+                }
+                self.print(">")?;
+            }
+            b'I' => {
+                self.print_path(in_value)?;
+                if in_value {
+                    self.print("::")?;
+                }
+                self.print("<")?;
+                self.print_sep_list(Self::print_generic_arg, ", ")?;
+                self.print(">")?;
+            }
+            b'B' => {
+                self.print_backref(|this| this.print_path(in_value))?;
+            }
+            _ => invalid!(self),
+        }
+
+        self.pop_depth();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn print_generic_arg(&mut self) -> fmt::Result {
+        if self.eat(b'L') {
+            let lt = parse!(self, integer_62);
+            self.print_lifetime_from_index(lt)
+        } else if self.eat(b'K') {
+            self.print_const(false)
+        } else {
+            self.print_type()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn print_type(&mut self) -> fmt::Result {
+        let tag = parse!(self, next);
+
+        if let Some(ty) = basic_type(tag) {
+            return self.print(ty);
+        }
+
+        parse!(self, push_depth);
+
+        match tag {
+            b'R' | b'Q' => {
+                self.print("&")?;
+                if self.eat(b'L') {
+                    let lt = parse!(self, integer_62);
+                    if lt != 0 {
+                        self.print_lifetime_from_index(lt)?;
+                        self.print(" ")?;
+                    }
+                }
+                if tag != b'R' {
+                    self.print("mut ")?;
+                }
+                self.print_type()?;
+            }
+
+            b'P' | b'O' => {
+                self.print("*")?;
+                if tag != b'P' {
+                    self.print("mut ")?;
+                } else {
+                    self.print("const ")?;
+                }
+                self.print_type()?;
+            }
+
+            b'A' | b'S' => {
+                self.print("[")?;
+                self.print_type()?;
+                if tag == b'A' {
+                    self.print("; ")?;
+                    self.print_const(true)?;
+                }
+                self.print("]")?;
+            }
+            b'T' => {
+                self.print("(")?;
+                let count = self.print_sep_list(Self::print_type, ", ")?;
+                if count == 1 {
+                    self.print(",")?;
+                }
+                self.print(")")?;
+            }
+            b'F' => self.in_binder(|this| {
+                let is_unsafe = this.eat(b'U');
+                let abi = if this.eat(b'K') {
+                    if this.eat(b'C') {
+                        Some("C")
+                    } else {
+                        let abi = parse!(this, ident);
+                        if abi.ascii.is_empty() || !abi.punycode.is_empty() {
+                            invalid!(this);
+                        }
+                        Some(abi.ascii)
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    None
+                };
+
+                if is_unsafe {
+                    this.print("unsafe ")?;
+                }
+
+                if let Some(abi) = abi {
+                    this.print("extern \"")?;
+
+                    // If the ABI had any `-`, they were replaced with `_`,
+                    // so the parts between `_` have to be re-joined with `-`.
+                    let mut parts = abi.split('_');
+                    this.print(parts.next().unwrap())?;
+                    for part in parts {
+                        this.print("-")?;
+                        this.print(part)?;
+                    }
+
+                    this.print("\" ")?;
+                }
+
+                this.print("fn(")?;
+                this.print_sep_list(Self::print_type, ", ")?;
+                this.print(")")?;
+
+                if this.eat(b'u') {
+                    // Skip printing the return type if it's 'u', i.e. `()`.
+                } else {
+                    this.print(" -> ")?;
+                    this.print_type()?;
+                }
+
+                Ok(())
+            })?,
+            b'D' => {
+                self.print("dyn ")?;
+                self.in_binder(|this| {
+                    this.print_sep_list(Self::print_dyn_trait, " + ")?;
+                    Ok(())
+                })?;
+
+                if !self.eat(b'L') {
+                    invalid!(self);
+                }
+                let lt = parse!(self, integer_62);
+                if lt != 0 {
+                    self.print(" + ")?;
+                    self.print_lifetime_from_index(lt)?;
+                }
+            }
+            b'B' => {
+                self.print_backref(Self::print_type)?;
+            }
+            _ => {
+                // Go back to the tag, so `print_path` also sees it.
+                let _ = self.parser.as_mut().map(|p| p.next -= 1);
+                self.print_path(false)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.pop_depth();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// A trait in a trait object may have some "existential projections"
+    /// (i.e. associated type bindings) after it, which should be printed
+    /// in the `<...>` of the trait, e.g. `dyn Trait<T, U, Assoc=X>`.
+    /// To this end, this method will keep the `<...>` of an 'I' path
+    /// open, by omitting the `>`, and return `Ok(true)` in that case.
+    fn print_path_maybe_open_generics(&mut self) -> Result<bool, fmt::Error> {
+        if self.eat(b'B') {
+            // NOTE(eddyb) the closure may not run if printing is being skipped,
+            // but in that case the returned boolean doesn't matter.
+            let mut open = false;
+            self.print_backref(|this| {
+                open = this.print_path_maybe_open_generics()?;
+                Ok(())
+            })?;
+            Ok(open)
+        } else if self.eat(b'I') {
+            self.print_path(false)?;
+            self.print("<")?;
+            self.print_sep_list(Self::print_generic_arg, ", ")?;
+            Ok(true)
+        } else {
+            self.print_path(false)?;
+            Ok(false)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn print_dyn_trait(&mut self) -> fmt::Result {
+        let mut open = self.print_path_maybe_open_generics()?;
+
+        while self.eat(b'p') {
+            if !open {
+                self.print("<")?;
+                open = true;
+            } else {
+                self.print(", ")?;
+            }
+
+            let name = parse!(self, ident);
+            self.print(name)?;
+            self.print(" = ")?;
+            self.print_type()?;
+        }
+
+        if open {
+            self.print(">")?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn print_const(&mut self, in_value: bool) -> fmt::Result {
+        let tag = parse!(self, next);
+
+        parse!(self, push_depth);
+
+        // Only literals (and the names of `const` generic parameters, but they
+        // don't get mangled at all), can appear in generic argument position
+        // without any disambiguation, all other expressions require braces.
+        // To avoid duplicating the mapping between `tag` and what syntax gets
+        // used (especially any special-casing), every case that needs braces
+        // has to call `open_brace(self)?` (and the closing brace is automatic).
+        let mut opened_brace = false;
+        let mut open_brace_if_outside_expr = |this: &mut Self| {
+            // If this expression is nested in another, braces aren't required.
+            if in_value {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+
+            opened_brace = true;
+            this.print("{")
+        };
+
+        match tag {
+            b'p' => self.print("_")?,
+
+            // Primitive leaves with hex-encoded values (see `basic_type`).
+            b'h' | b't' | b'm' | b'y' | b'o' | b'j' => self.print_const_uint(tag)?,
+            b'a' | b's' | b'l' | b'x' | b'n' | b'i' => {
+                if self.eat(b'n') {
+                    self.print("-")?;
+                }
+
+                self.print_const_uint(tag)?;
+            }
+            b'b' => match parse!(self, hex_nibbles).try_parse_uint() {
+                Some(0) => self.print("false")?,
+                Some(1) => self.print("true")?,
+                _ => invalid!(self),
+            },
+            b'c' => {
+                let valid_char = parse!(self, hex_nibbles)
+                    .try_parse_uint()
+                    .and_then(|v| u32::try_from(v).ok())
+                    .and_then(char::from_u32);
+                match valid_char {
+                    Some(c) => self.print_quoted_escaped_chars('\'', iter::once(c))?,
+                    None => invalid!(self),
+                }
+            }
+            b'e' => {
+                // NOTE(eddyb) a string literal `"..."` has type `&str`, so
+                // to get back the type `str`, `*"..."` syntax is needed
+                // (even if that may not be valid in Rust itself).
+                open_brace_if_outside_expr(self)?;
+                self.print("*")?;
+
+                self.print_const_str_literal()?;
+            }
+
+            b'R' | b'Q' => {
+                // NOTE(eddyb) this prints `"..."` instead of `&*"..."`, which
+                // is what `Re..._` would imply (see comment for `str` above).
+                if tag == b'R' && self.eat(b'e') {
+                    self.print_const_str_literal()?;
+                } else {
+                    open_brace_if_outside_expr(self)?;
+                    self.print("&")?;
+                    if tag != b'R' {
+                        self.print("mut ")?;
+                    }
+                    self.print_const(true)?;
+                }
+            }
+            b'A' => {
+                open_brace_if_outside_expr(self)?;
+                self.print("[")?;
+                self.print_sep_list(|this| this.print_const(true), ", ")?;
+                self.print("]")?;
+            }
+            b'T' => {
+                open_brace_if_outside_expr(self)?;
+                self.print("(")?;
+                let count = self.print_sep_list(|this| this.print_const(true), ", ")?;
+                if count == 1 {
+                    self.print(",")?;
+                }
+                self.print(")")?;
+            }
+            b'V' => {
+                open_brace_if_outside_expr(self)?;
+                self.print_path(true)?;
+                match parse!(self, next) {
+                    b'U' => {}
+                    b'T' => {
+                        self.print("(")?;
+                        self.print_sep_list(|this| this.print_const(true), ", ")?;
+                        self.print(")")?;
+                    }
+                    b'S' => {
+                        self.print(" { ")?;
+                        self.print_sep_list(
+                            |this| {
+                                parse!(this, disambiguator);
+                                let name = parse!(this, ident);
+                                this.print(name)?;
+                                this.print(": ")?;
+                                this.print_const(true)
+                            },
+                            ", ",
+                        )?;
+                        self.print(" }")?;
+                    }
+                    _ => invalid!(self),
+                }
+            }
+            b'B' => {
+                self.print_backref(|this| this.print_const(in_value))?;
+            }
+            _ => invalid!(self),
+        }
+
+        if opened_brace {
+            self.print("}")?;
+        }
+
+        self.pop_depth();
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn print_const_uint(&mut self, ty_tag: u8) -> fmt::Result {
+        let hex = parse!(self, hex_nibbles);
+
+        match hex.try_parse_uint() {
+            Some(v) => self.print(v)?,
+
+            // Print anything that doesn't fit in `u64` verbatim.
+            None => {
+                self.print("0x")?;
+                self.print(hex.nibbles)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(out) = &mut self.out {
+            if !out.alternate() {
+                let ty = basic_type(ty_tag).unwrap();
+                self.print(ty)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn print_const_str_literal(&mut self) -> fmt::Result {
+        match parse!(self, hex_nibbles).try_parse_str_chars() {
+            Some(chars) => self.print_quoted_escaped_chars('"', chars),
+            None => invalid!(self),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::prelude::v1::*;
+
+    macro_rules! t {
+        ($a:expr, $b:expr) => {{
+            assert_eq!(format!("{}", ::demangle($a)), $b);
+        }};
+    }
+    macro_rules! t_nohash {
+        ($a:expr, $b:expr) => {{
+            assert_eq!(format!("{:#}", ::demangle($a)), $b);
+        }};
+    }
+    macro_rules! t_nohash_type {
+        ($a:expr, $b:expr) => {
+            t_nohash!(concat!("_RMC0", $a), concat!("<", $b, ">"))
+        };
+    }
+    macro_rules! t_const {
+        ($mangled:expr, $value:expr) => {
+            t_nohash!(
+                concat!("_RIC0K", $mangled, "E"),
+                concat!("::<", $value, ">")
+            )
+        };
+    }
+    macro_rules! t_const_suffixed {
+        ($mangled:expr, $value:expr, $value_ty_suffix:expr) => {{
+            t_const!($mangled, $value);
+            t!(
+                concat!("_RIC0K", $mangled, "E"),
+                concat!("[0]::<", $value, $value_ty_suffix, ">")
+            );
+        }};
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_crate_with_leading_digit() {
+        t_nohash!("_RNvC6_123foo3bar", "123foo::bar");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_utf8_idents() {
+        t_nohash!(
+            "_RNqCs4fqI2P2rA04_11utf8_identsu30____7hkackfecea1cbdathfdh9hlq6y",
+            "utf8_idents::საჭმელად_გემრიელი_სადილი"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_closure() {
+        t_nohash!(
+            "_RNCNCNgCs6DXkGYLi8lr_2cc5spawn00B5_",
+            "cc::spawn::{closure#0}::{closure#0}"
+        );
+        t_nohash!(
+            "_RNCINkXs25_NgCsbmNqQUJIY6D_4core5sliceINyB9_4IterhENuNgNoBb_4iter8iterator8Iterator9rpositionNCNgNpB9_6memchr7memrchrs_0E0Bb_",
+            "<core::slice::Iter<u8> as core::iter::iterator::Iterator>::rposition::<core::slice::memchr::memrchr::{closure#1}>::{closure#0}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_dyn_trait() {
+        t_nohash!(
+            "_RINbNbCskIICzLVDPPb_5alloc5alloc8box_freeDINbNiB4_5boxed5FnBoxuEp6OutputuEL_ECs1iopQbuBiw2_3std",
+            "alloc::alloc::box_free::<dyn alloc::boxed::FnBox<(), Output = ()>>"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_const_generics_preview() {
+        // NOTE(eddyb) this was hand-written, before rustc had working
+        // const generics support (but the mangling format did include them).
+        t_nohash_type!(
+            "INtC8arrayvec8ArrayVechKj7b_E",
+            "arrayvec::ArrayVec<u8, 123>"
+        );
+        t_const_suffixed!("j7b_", "123", "usize");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_min_const_generics() {
+        t_const!("p", "_");
+        t_const_suffixed!("hb_", "11", "u8");
+        t_const_suffixed!("off00ff00ff00ff00ff_", "0xff00ff00ff00ff00ff", "u128");
+        t_const_suffixed!("s98_", "152", "i16");
+        t_const_suffixed!("anb_", "-11", "i8");
+        t_const!("b0_", "false");
+        t_const!("b1_", "true");
+        t_const!("c76_", "'v'");
+        t_const!("c22_", r#"'"'"#);
+        t_const!("ca_", "'\\n'");
+        t_const!("c2202_", "'∂'");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_const_str() {
+        t_const!("e616263_", "{*\"abc\"}");
+        t_const!("e27_", r#"{*"'"}"#);
+        t_const!("e090a_", "{*\"\\t\\n\"}");
+        t_const!("ee28882c3bc_", "{*\"∂ü\"}");
+        t_const!(
+            "ee183a1e18390e183ade1839be18394e1839ae18390e183935fe18392e18394e1839b\
+              e183a0e18398e18394e1839ae183985fe183a1e18390e18393e18398e1839ae18398_",
+            "{*\"საჭმელად_გემრიელი_სადილი\"}"
+        );
+        t_const!(
+            "ef09f908af09fa688f09fa686f09f90ae20c2a720f09f90b6f09f9192e298\
+              95f09f94a520c2a720f09fa7a1f09f929bf09f929af09f9299f09f929c_",
+            "{*\"🐊🦈🦆🐮 § 🐶👒☕🔥 § 🧡💛💚💙💜\"}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    // NOTE(eddyb) this uses the same strings as `demangle_const_str` and should
+    // be kept in sync with it - while a macro could be used to generate both
+    // `str` and `&str` tests, from a single list of strings, this seems clearer.
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_const_ref_str() {
+        t_const!("Re616263_", "\"abc\"");
+        t_const!("Re27_", r#""'""#);
+        t_const!("Re090a_", "\"\\t\\n\"");
+        t_const!("Ree28882c3bc_", "\"∂ü\"");
+        t_const!(
+            "Ree183a1e18390e183ade1839be18394e1839ae18390e183935fe18392e18394e1839b\
+               e183a0e18398e18394e1839ae183985fe183a1e18390e18393e18398e1839ae18398_",
+            "\"საჭმელად_გემრიელი_სადილი\""
+        );
+        t_const!(
+            "Ref09f908af09fa688f09fa686f09f90ae20c2a720f09f90b6f09f9192e298\
+               95f09f94a520c2a720f09fa7a1f09f929bf09f929af09f9299f09f929c_",
+            "\"🐊🦈🦆🐮 § 🐶👒☕🔥 § 🧡💛💚💙💜\""
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_const_ref() {
+        t_const!("Rp", "{&_}");
+        t_const!("Rh7b_", "{&123}");
+        t_const!("Rb0_", "{&false}");
+        t_const!("Rc58_", "{&'X'}");
+        t_const!("RRRh0_", "{&&&0}");
+        t_const!("RRRe_", "{&&\"\"}");
+        t_const!("QAE", "{&mut []}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_const_array() {
+        t_const!("AE", "{[]}");
+        t_const!("Aj0_E", "{[0]}");
+        t_const!("Ah1_h2_h3_E", "{[1, 2, 3]}");
+        t_const!("ARe61_Re62_Re63_E", "{[\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]}");
+        t_const!("AAh1_h2_EAh3_h4_EE", "{[[1, 2], [3, 4]]}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_const_tuple() {
+        t_const!("TE", "{()}");
+        t_const!("Tj0_E", "{(0,)}");
+        t_const!("Th1_b0_E", "{(1, false)}");
+        t_const!(
+            "TRe616263_c78_RAh1_h2_h3_EE",
+            "{(\"abc\", 'x', &[1, 2, 3])}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_const_adt() {
+        t_const!(
+            "VNvINtNtC4core6option6OptionjE4NoneU",
+            "{core::option::Option::<usize>::None}"
+        );
+        t_const!(
+            "VNvINtNtC4core6option6OptionjE4SomeTj0_E",
+            "{core::option::Option::<usize>::Some(0)}"
+        );
+        t_const!(
+            "VNtC3foo3BarS1sRe616263_2chc78_5sliceRAh1_h2_h3_EE",
+            "{foo::Bar { s: \"abc\", ch: 'x', slice: &[1, 2, 3] }}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_exponential_explosion() {
+        // NOTE(eddyb) because of the prefix added by `t_nohash_type!` is
+        // 3 bytes long, `B2_` refers to the start of the type, not `B_`.
+        // 6 backrefs (`B8_E` through `B3_E`) result in 2^6 = 64 copies of `_`.
+        // Also, because the `p` (`_`) type is after all of the starts of the
+        // backrefs, it can be replaced with any other type, independently.
+        t_nohash_type!(
+            concat!("TTTTTT", "p", "B8_E", "B7_E", "B6_E", "B5_E", "B4_E", "B3_E"),
+            "((((((_, _), (_, _)), ((_, _), (_, _))), (((_, _), (_, _)), ((_, _), (_, _)))), \
+             ((((_, _), (_, _)), ((_, _), (_, _))), (((_, _), (_, _)), ((_, _), (_, _))))), \
+             (((((_, _), (_, _)), ((_, _), (_, _))), (((_, _), (_, _)), ((_, _), (_, _)))), \
+             ((((_, _), (_, _)), ((_, _), (_, _))), (((_, _), (_, _)), ((_, _), (_, _))))))"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_thinlto() {
+        t_nohash!("_RC3foo.llvm.9D1C9369", "foo");
+        t_nohash!("_RC3foo.llvm.9D1C9369@@16", "foo");
+        t_nohash!("_RNvC9backtrace3foo.llvm.A5310EB9", "backtrace::foo");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangle_extra_suffix() {
+        // From alexcrichton/rustc-demangle#27:
+        t_nohash!(
+            "_RNvNtNtNtNtCs92dm3009vxr_4rand4rngs7adapter9reseeding4fork23FORK_HANDLER_REGISTERED.0.0",
+            "rand::rngs::adapter::reseeding::fork::FORK_HANDLER_REGISTERED.0.0"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demangling_limits() {
+        // Stress tests found via fuzzing.
+
+        for sym in include_str!("v0-large-test-symbols/early-recursion-limit")
+            .lines()
+            .filter(|line| !line.is_empty() && !line.starts_with('#'))
+        {
+            assert_eq!(
+                super::demangle(sym).map(|_| ()),
+                Err(super::ParseError::RecursedTooDeep)
+            );
+        }
+
+        assert_contains!(
+            ::demangle(
+                "RIC20tRYIMYNRYFG05_EB5_B_B6_RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR\
+        RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRB_E",
+            )
+            .to_string(),
+            "{recursion limit reached}"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn recursion_limit_leaks() {
+        // NOTE(eddyb) this test checks that both paths and types support the
+        // recursion limit correctly, i.e. matching `push_depth` and `pop_depth`,
+        // and don't leak "recursion levels" and trip the limit.
+        // The test inputs are generated on the fly, using a repeated pattern,
+        // as hardcoding the actual strings would be too verbose.
+        // Also, `MAX_DEPTH` can be directly used, instead of assuming its value.
+        for &(sym_leaf, expected_leaf) in &[("p", "_"), ("Rp", "&_"), ("C1x", "x")] {
+            let mut sym = format!("_RIC0p");
+            let mut expected = format!("::<_");
+            for _ in 0..(super::MAX_DEPTH * 2) {
+                sym.push_str(sym_leaf);
+                expected.push_str(", ");
+                expected.push_str(expected_leaf);
+            }
+            sym.push('E');
+            expected.push('>');
+
+            t_nohash!(&sym, expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn recursion_limit_backref_free_bypass() {
+        // NOTE(eddyb) this test checks that long symbols cannot bypass the
+        // recursion limit by not using backrefs, and cause a stack overflow.
+
+        // This value was chosen to be high enough that stack overflows were
+        // observed even with `cargo test --release`.
+        let depth = 100_000;
+
+        // In order to hide the long mangling from the initial "shallow" parse,
+        // it's nested in an identifier (crate name), preceding its use.
+        let mut sym = format!("_RIC{}", depth);
+        let backref_start = sym.len() - 2;
+        for _ in 0..depth {
+            sym.push('R');
+        }
+
+        // Write a backref to just after the length of the identifier.
+        sym.push('B');
+        sym.push(char::from_digit((backref_start - 1) as u32, 36).unwrap());
+        sym.push('_');
+
+        // Close the `I` at the start.
+        sym.push('E');
+
+        assert_contains!(::demangle(&sym).to_string(), "{recursion limit reached}");
+    }
+}