of scalar arguments or list values; the list values will be included
in the list as if each individual element were interpolated at that
point in the list, forming a longer single-dimensional list value.
-Commas should separate individual elements in the LIST.
+Commas should separate literal elements of the LIST.
Any function in the list below may be used either with or without
parentheses around its arguments. (The syntax descriptions omit the
=item lc
Returns a lowercased version of EXPR. This is the internal function
-implementing the C<\L> escape in double-quoted strings.
+implementing the C<\L> escape in double-quoted strings. Respects
+current LC_CTYPE locale if C<use locale> in force. See L<perllocale>
+and L<perlunicode> for more details about locale and Unicode support.
If EXPR is omitted, uses C<$_>.
-What gets returned depends on several factors:
-
-=over
-
-=item If C<use bytes> is in effect:
-
-=over
-
-=item On EBCDIC platforms
-
-The results are what the C language system call C<tolower()> returns.
-
-=item On ASCII platforms
-
-The results follow ASCII semantics. Only characters C<A-Z> change, to C<a-z>
-respectively.
-
-=back
-
-=item Otherwise, If EXPR has the UTF8 flag set
-
-If the current package has a subroutine named C<ToLower>, it will be used to
-change the case (See L<perlunicode/User-Defined Case Mappings>.)
-Otherwise Unicode semantics are used for the case change.
-
-=item Otherwise, if C<use locale> is in effect
-
-Respects current LC_CTYPE locale. See L<perllocale>.
-
-=item Otherwise, if C<use feature 'unicode_strings'> is in effect:
-
-Unicode semantics are used for the case change. Any subroutine named
-C<ToLower> will not be used.
-
-=item Otherwise:
-
-=over
-
-=item On EBCDIC platforms
-
-The results are what the C language system call C<tolower()> returns.
-
-=item On ASCII platforms
-
-ASCII semantics are used for the case change. The lowercase of any character
-outside the ASCII range is the character itself.
-
-=back
-
-=back
-
=item lcfirst EXPR
X<lcfirst> X<lowercase>
Returns the value of EXPR with the first character lowercased. This
is the internal function implementing the C<\l> escape in
-double-quoted strings.
+double-quoted strings. Respects current LC_CTYPE locale if C<use
+locale> in force. See L<perllocale> and L<perlunicode> for more
+details about locale and Unicode support.
If EXPR is omitted, uses C<$_>.
-This function behaves the same way under various pragma, such as in a locale,
-as L</lc> does.
-
=item length EXPR
X<length> X<size>
given by the TEMPLATE. The resulting string is the concatenation of
the converted values. Typically, each converted value looks
like its machine-level representation. For example, on 32-bit machines
-an integer may be represented by a sequence of 4 bytes, which will in
-Perl be presented as a string that's 4 characters long.
-
-See L<perlpacktut> for an introduction to this function.
+an integer may be represented by a sequence of 4 bytes, which will in
+Perl be presented as a string that's 4 characters long.
The TEMPLATE is a sequence of characters that give the order and type
of values, as follows:
If EXPR is omitted, uses C<$_>.
-quotemeta (and C<\Q> ... C<\E>) are useful when interpolating strings into
-regular expressions, because by default an interpolated variable will be
-considered a mini-regular expression. For example:
-
- my $sentence = 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog';
- my $substring = 'quick.*?fox';
- $sentence =~ s{$substring}{big bad wolf};
-
-Will cause C<$sentence> to become C<'The big bad wolf jumped over...'>.
-
-On the other hand:
-
- my $sentence = 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog';
- my $substring = 'quick.*?fox';
- $sentence =~ s{\Q$substring\E}{big bad wolf};
-
-Or:
-
- my $sentence = 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog';
- my $substring = 'quick.*?fox';
- my $quoted_substring = quotemeta($substring);
- $sentence =~ s{$quoted_substring}{big bad wolf};
-
-Will both leave the sentence as is. Normally, when accepting string input from
-the user, quotemeta() or C<\Q> must be used.
-
=item rand EXPR
X<rand> X<random>
=item uc
Returns an uppercased version of EXPR. This is the internal function
-implementing the C<\U> escape in double-quoted strings.
+implementing the C<\U> escape in double-quoted strings. Respects
+current LC_CTYPE locale if C<use locale> in force. See L<perllocale>
+and L<perlunicode> for more details about locale and Unicode support.
It does not attempt to do titlecase mapping on initial letters. See
C<ucfirst> for that.
If EXPR is omitted, uses C<$_>.
-This function behaves the same way under various pragma, such as in a locale,
-as L</lc> does.
-
=item ucfirst EXPR
X<ucfirst> X<uppercase>
Returns the value of EXPR with the first character in uppercase
(titlecase in Unicode). This is the internal function implementing
-the C<\u> escape in double-quoted strings.
+the C<\u> escape in double-quoted strings. Respects current LC_CTYPE
+locale if C<use locale> in force. See L<perllocale> and L<perlunicode>
+for more details about locale and Unicode support.
If EXPR is omitted, uses C<$_>.
-This function behaves the same way under various pragma, such as in a locale,
-as L</lc> does.
-
=item umask EXPR
X<umask>
and expands it out into a list of values.
(In scalar context, it returns merely the first value produced.)
-If EXPR is omitted, unpacks the C<$_> string. for an introduction to this function.
-
-See L<perlpacktut> for an introduction to this function.
+If EXPR is omitted, unpacks the C<$_> string.
The string is broken into chunks described by the TEMPLATE. Each chunk
is converted separately to a value. Typically, either the string is a result
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