Things-to-keep:
+.gdbinit
+BUGS
COPYING
COPYING.LIB
ChangeLog
+INSTALL
Makefile.in
-README.psim
+README
+RUN
PROBLEMS
basics.h
bits.c
--- /dev/null
+set output-radix 16
+break error
+++ /dev/null
- See the ChangeLog file looking for lines taged with the word FIXME.
-
- COREFILE.C: The implementation of corefile.c (defined by
- corefile.h) isn't the best. It is intended to be functionaly
- correct rather than fast. One option being considered
- is to add a data cache to reduce the overhead of the most
- common case of data read/writes.
-
- HTAB (page) code for OEA model untested. Some of the vm code
- instructions unimplemented.
-
- Lacks PowerOpen (a.k.a. XCOFF a.k.a. AIX) and NT startups. The
- PowerOpen worked until I added the ELF one.
-
- Missing VEA system calls.
-
- Missing or commented out instructions.
-
- 64bit target untested.
-
- 64bit host broken. For instance use of scanf "%x", &long long.
-
- Event code for pending events from within signal handlers not
- finished/tested.
-
- Better and more devices.
-
- PORTABILITY (Notes taken from Michael Meissner): Heavy use of the ##
- operator - fix using the clasic X/**/Y hack; Use of the signed
- keyword. In particular, signed char has no analogue in classic C
- (though most implementations of classic C use signed chars); Use of
- long long which restricts the target compiler to be GCC.
-
-
--- /dev/null
+
+
+ PSIM 1.0 - Model of the PowerPC Environment
+
+
+ Copyright (C) 1994-1996, Andrew Cagney <cagney@highland.com.au>.
+
+ This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+PSIM is a program written in extended ANSI-C that implements an
+instruction level simulation of the PowerPC environment.
+
+The PowerPC Architecture is described as having three levels of
+compliance:
+
+ UEA - User Environment Architecture
+ VEA - Virtual Environment Architecture
+ OEA - Operating Environment Architecture
+
+PSIM implements all three levels of the PowerPC architecture and, in
+addition, includes (for each level) a corresponding simulated run-time
+environment.
+
+In addition, PSIM, to the functional unit level, models the
+performance of most of the current PowerPC implementations
+(contributed by Michael Meissner). This detailed performance
+monitoring (unlike many other simulators) resulting in only a
+relatively marginal reduction in the simulators performance.
+
+
+A description of how to build PSIM is contained in the file:
+
+ ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/INSTALL
+ or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/INSTALL
+
+while an overview of how to use PSIM is in:
+
+ ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/RUN
+or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/RUN
+
+This file is found in:
+
+ ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/README
+or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/README
+
+
+Thanks goes firstly to:
+
+ Corinthian Engineering Pty Ltd
+ Highland Logic Pty Ltd
+ Cygnus Support
+
+who provided the resources needed for making this software available
+on the Internet.
+
+More importantly I'd like to thank the following individuals who each
+contributed in their own unique way:
+
+ Allen Briggs, Bett Koch, David Edelsohn, Gordon Irlam,
+ Michael Meissner, Bob Mercier, Richard Perini, Dale Rahn,
+ Richard Stallman, Mitchele Walker
+
+
+ Andrew Cagney
+ Feb, 1995
+
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+ What features does PSIM include?
+
+ Monitoring and modeling
+
+ PSIM includes (thanks to Michael Meissner)
+ a detailed model of most of the PowerPC
+ implementations to the functional unit level.
+
+
+ SMP
+
+ The PowerPC ISA defines SMP synchronizing instructions.
+ This simulator implements a limited, but functional,
+ subset of the PowerPC synchronization instructions
+ behaviour. Programs that restrict their synchronization
+ primitives to those that work with this functional
+ sub-set (eg P() and V()) are able to run on the SMP
+ version of PSIM.
+
+ People intending to use this system should study
+ the code implementing the lwarx instruction.
+
+ ENDIAN SUPPORT
+
+ PSIM implements the PowerPC's big and little (xor
+ endian) modes and correctly simulates code that
+ switches between these two modes.
+
+ In addition, psim can model a true little-endian
+ machine.
+
+ ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) models
+
+ PSIM includes a model of the UEA, VEA and OEA. This
+ includes the time base registers (VEA) and HTAB
+ and BATS (OEA).
+
+ In addition, a preliminary model of the 64 bit
+ PowerPC architecture is implemented.
+
+ IO Hardware
+
+ PSIM's internals are based around the concept
+ of a Device Tree. This tree intentionally
+ resembles that of the Device Tree found in
+ OpenBoot firmware. PSIM is flexible enough
+ to allow the user to fully configure this device
+ tree (and consequently the hardware model) at
+ run time.
+
+ Run-time environments:
+
+ PSIM's UEA model includes emulation for BSD
+ based UNIX system calls.
+
+ PSIM's OEA model includes emulation of either:
+
+ o OpenBoot client interface
+
+ o MOTO's BUG interface.
+
+
+ Floating point
+
+ Preliminary support for floating point is included.
+
+
+ Who would be interested in PSIM?
+
+ o the curious
+
+ Using psim, gdb, gcc and binutils the curious
+ user can construct an environment that allows
+ them to play with PowerPC Environment without
+ the need for real hardware.
+
+
+ o the analyst
+
+ PSIM includes many (contributed) monitoring
+ features which (unlike many other simulators)
+ do not come with a great penalty in performance.
+
+ Thus the performance analyst is able to use
+ this simulator to analyse the performance of
+ the system under test.
+
+ If PSIM doesn't monitor a components of interest,
+ the source code is freely available, and hence
+ there is no hinderance to changing things
+ to meet a specific analysts needs.
+
+
+ o the serious SW developer
+
+ PSIM models all three levels of the PowerPC
+ Architecture: UEA, VEA and OEA. Further,
+ the internal design is such that PSIM can
+ be extended to support additional requirements.
+
+
+ What performance analysis measurements can PSIM perform?
+
+ Below is the output from a recent analysis run
+ (contributed by Michael Meissner):
+
+ For the following program:
+
+ long
+ simple_rand ()
+ {
+ static unsigned long seed = 47114711;
+ unsigned long this = seed * 1103515245 + 12345;
+ seed = this;
+ /* cut-cut-cut - see the file RUN.psim */
+ }
+
+ Here is the current output generated with the -I switch on a P90
+ (the compiler used is the development version of GCC with a new
+ scheduler replacing the old one):
+
+ CPU #1 executed 41,994 AND instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 519,785 AND Immediate instructions.
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ CPU #1 executed 1 System Call instruction.
+ CPU #1 executed 207,746 XOR instructions.
+
+ CPU #1 executed 23,740,856 cycles.
+ CPU #1 executed 10,242,780 stalls waiting for data.
+ CPU #1 executed 1 stall waiting for a function unit.
+ .
+ .
+ .
+ CPU #1 executed 3,136,229 branch functional unit instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions that were accounted for in timing info.
+ CPU #1 executed 871,920 data reads.
+ CPU #1 executed 971,926 data writes.
+ CPU #1 executed 221 icache misses.
+ CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions in total.
+
+ Simulator speed was 250,731 instructions/second
+
+
+ What motivated PSIM?
+
+ As an idea, psim was first discussed seriously during mid
+ 1994. At that time its main objectives were:
+
+
+ o good performance
+
+ Many simulators loose out by only providing
+ a binary interface to the internals. This
+ interface eventually becomes a bottle neck
+ in the simulators performance.
+
+ It was intended that PSIM would avoid this
+ problem by giving the user access to the
+ full source code.
+
+ Further, by exploiting the power of modern
+ compilers it was hoped that PSIM would achieve
+ good performance with out having to compromise
+ its internal design.
+
+
+ o practical portability
+
+ Rather than try to be portable to every
+ C compiler on every platform, it was decided
+ that PSIM would restrict its self to supporting
+ ANSI compilers that included the extension
+ of a long long type.
+
+ GCC is one such compiler, consequently PSIM
+ should be portable to any machine running GCC.
+
+
+ o flexibility in its design
+
+ PSIM should allow the user to select the
+ features required and customise the build
+ accordingly. By having the source code,
+ the compiler is able to eliminate any un
+ used features of the simulator.
+
+ After all, let the compiler do the work.
+
+
+ o SMP
+
+ A model that allowed the simulation of
+ SMP platforms with out the large overhead
+ often encountered with such models.
+
+
+ PSIM achieves each of these objectives.
+
+
+ Is PSIM PowerPC Platform (PPCP) (nee CHRP) Compliant?
+
+ No.
+
+ Among other things it does not have an Apple ROM socket.
+
+
+ Could PSIM be extended so that it models a CHRP machine?
+
+ Yes.
+
+ PSIM has been designed with the CHRP spec in mind. To model
+ a CHRP desktop the following would need to be added:
+
+ o An apple ROM socket :-)
+
+ o Model of each of the desktop IO devices
+
+ o An OpenPIC device.
+
+ o RTAS (Run Time Abstraction Services).
+
+ o A fully populated device tree.
+
+
+ Is the source code available?
+
+ Yes.
+
+ The source code to PSIM is available under the terms of
+ the GNU Public Licence. This allows you to distribute
+ the source code for free but with certain conditions.
+
+ See the file:
+
+ ftp://archie.au/gnu/COPYING
+
+ For details of the terms and conditions.
+
+
+ Where do I send bugs or report problems?
+
+ There is a mailing list (subscribe through majordomo@ci.com.au) at:
+
+ powerpc-psim@ci.com.au
+
+ If I get the ftp archive updated I post a note to that mailing list.
+ In addition your welcome to send bugs or problems either to me or to
+ that e-mail list.
+
+ This list currently averages zero articles a day.
+
+
+ Does PSIM have any limitations or problems?
+
+ PSIM can't run rs6000/AIX binaries - At present PSIM can only
+ simulate static executables. Since an AIX executable is
+ never static, PSIM is unable to simulate its execution.
+
+ PSIM is still under development - consequently there are going
+ to be bugs.
+
+ See the file BUGS (included in the distribution) for any
+ other outstanding issues.
+
+++ /dev/null
-
- PSIM - model a PowerPC platform
-
- Copyright (C) 1994-1995, Andrew Cagney <cagney@highland.com.au>.
-
- This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-
-
-This directory contains the source code to the program PSIM.
-
-
-What is PSIM?
-
- PSIM is an ANSI C program that implements an instruction
- level model of the PowerPC architecture.
-
- It can be configured to model various PowerPC platforms
- and include:
-
- o A user program environment (UEA) complete
- with emulated system calls
-
- to
-
- o A hardware platform with several processors
- interacting with each other and various
- modeled hardware devices.
-
- For each of these models PSIM is able perform a detailed
- analysis of the machines performance.
-
-
-
-Who would be interested in PSIM?
-
- o the curious
-
- Using psim, gdb, gcc and binutils the curious
- user can contruct an environment that allows
- them to play with PowerPC user programs with out
- the need for real hardware.
-
-
- o the analyst
-
- PSIM includes many (contributed) monitoring
- features which (unlike many other simulators)
- do not come with a great penalty in performance.
-
- Thus the performance analyst is able to use
- this simulator to model the inpact of changes
- to the system they are analysing. Be that
- system a compiler or real hardware platform.
-
- If PSIM doesn't monitor a components of interest,
- the source code is freely available, and hence
- there is no hinderance to changing things
- to meet a specific analysts needs.
-
-
- o the serious SW developer
-
- PSIM models all three levels of the PowerPC
- Architecture: UEA, VEA and OEA. Further,
- the internal design is such that PSIM can
- be extended to suport additional
- development requirements. Such requirements
- might include (for the UEA) a new Operating
- System emulation through to (for the OEA)
- a model of a different hardware platform.
-
-
-What features does PSIM have?
-
-
- Monitoring and modeling
-
- PSIM includes (thanks to Michael Meissner)
- a detailed model of the various PowerPC
- implementations schedulers.
-
-
- SMP
-
- The PowerPC ISA defines SMP synchronizing instructions
- this simulator models a limited subset of their
- behavor. Consequently, if you limit code to the
- use the modeled behavour, PSIM can be used to
- model SMP PowerPC platforms.
-
- People intending to use this system should study
- the code implementing the lwarx etc instructions.
-
- ENDIAN SUPORT
-
- PSIM implements the PowerPC's big and little (xor
- endian) modes and correctly simulates code that
- switches between these two modes.
-
- In addition, psim can model a true little-endian
- machine.
-
- ISA models (Instruction Set Architecture)
-
- PSIM includes a model of the UEA, VEA and OEA. This
- inclues the time base registers (VEA) and HTAB
- and BATS (OEA).
-
- In addition, a preliminary model of the 64 bit
- PowerPC architecture is implemented.
-
- Hardware
-
- PSIM's internals are based around the concept
- of a Device Tree. This tree intentionaly
- resembles that of the Device Tree found in
- OpenBoot firmware. PSIM is flexable enough
- to allow the user to fully configure the
- actual hardware model from a device tree
- specification that is read in from a file.
-
- A user can either run a program using one of
- PSIM's built in hardware models specify a
- custom hardware model that should be simulated.
-
- A user is also able to quickly add a model
- of new hardware devices so that they can be
- included in a custom hardware model.
-
- OS-Emulation
-
- PSIM's UEA model includes emulation for UNIX system
- calls.
-
- PSIM's OEA model includes emulation of either:
-
- o OpenBoot client interface
-
- o MOTO's BUG interface.
-
-
- Floating point
-
- Preliminary suport for floating point is included.
-
-
-
-What performance analysis measurements can PSIM perform?
-
- Below is the output from a recent analysis run
- (contributed by Michael Meissner):
-
- For the following program:
-
- long
- simple_rand ()
- {
- static unsigned long seed = 47114711;
- unsigned long this = seed * 1103515245 + 12345;
- seed = this;
- return this >> 8;
- }
-
- unsigned long int
- random_bitstring ()
- {
- unsigned long int x;
- int ran, n_bits;
- int tot_bits = 0;
-
- x = 0;
- for (;;)
- {
- ran = simple_rand ();
- n_bits = (ran >> 1) % 16;
- tot_bits += n_bits;
-
- if (n_bits == 0)
- return x;
- else
- {
- x <<= n_bits;
- if (ran & 1)
- x |= (1 << n_bits) - 1;
-
- if (tot_bits > 8 * sizeof (long) + 6)
- return x;
- }
- }
- }
-
- #define ABS(x) ((x) >= 0 ? (x) : -(x))
-
- main ()
- {
- int i;
-
- for (i = 0; i < 50000; i++)
- {
- unsigned long x, y;
- x = random_bitstring ();
- y = random_bitstring ();
-
- if (sizeof (int) == sizeof (long))
- goto save_time;
-
- { unsigned long xx = x, yy = y, r1, r2;
- if (yy == 0) continue;
- r1 = xx / yy;
- r2 = xx % yy;
- if (r2 >= yy || r1 * yy + r2 != xx)
- abort ();
- }
- { signed long xx = x, yy = y, r1, r2;
- if ((unsigned long) xx << 1 == 0 && yy == -1)
- continue;
- r1 = xx / yy;
- r2 = xx % yy;
- if (ABS (r2) >= (unsigned long) ABS (yy) || (signed long) (r1 * yy + r2) != xx)
- abort ();
- }
- save_time:
- { unsigned int xx = x, yy = y, r1, r2;
- if (yy == 0) continue;
- r1 = xx / yy;
- r2 = xx % yy;
- if (r2 >= yy || r1 * yy + r2 != xx)
- abort ();
- }
- { signed int xx = x, yy = y, r1, r2;
- if ((unsigned int) xx << 1 == 0 && yy == -1)
- continue;
- r1 = xx / yy;
- r2 = xx % yy;
- if (ABS (r2) >= (unsigned int) ABS (yy) || (signed int) (r1 * yy + r2) != xx)
- abort ();
- }
- { unsigned short xx = x, yy = y, r1, r2;
- if (yy == 0) continue;
- r1 = xx / yy;
- r2 = xx % yy;
- if (r2 >= yy || r1 * yy + r2 != xx)
- abort ();
- }
- { signed short xx = x, yy = y, r1, r2;
- r1 = xx / yy;
- r2 = xx % yy;
- if (ABS (r2) >= (unsigned short) ABS (yy) || (signed short) (r1 * yy + r2) != xx)
- abort ();
- }
- { unsigned char xx = x, yy = y, r1, r2;
- if (yy == 0) continue;
- r1 = xx / yy;
- r2 = xx % yy;
- if (r2 >= yy || r1 * yy + r2 != xx)
- abort ();
- }
- { signed char xx = x, yy = y, r1, r2;
- r1 = xx / yy;
- r2 = xx % yy;
- if (ABS (r2) >= (unsigned char) ABS (yy) || (signed char) (r1 * yy + r2) != xx)
- abort ();
- }
- }
-
- exit (0);
- }
-
- Here is the current output generated with the -I switch on a 90 Mhz
- pentium (the compiler used is the devlopment version of GCC with a new
- scheduler replacing the old one):
-
- CPU #1 executed 41,994 AND instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 519,785 AND Immediate instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 680,058 Add instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 41,994 Add Extended instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 921,916 Add Immediate instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 221,199 Add Immediate Carrying instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 943,823 Add Immediate Shifted instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 471,909 Add to Zero Extended instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 571,915 Branch instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 1,992,403 Branch Conditional instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 571,910 Branch Conditional to Link Register instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 320,431 Compare instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 471,911 Compare Immediate instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 145,867 Compare Logical instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 442,414 Compare Logical Immediate instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 1 Condition Register XOR instruction.
- CPU #1 executed 103,873 Divide Word instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 104,275 Divide Word Unsigned instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 132,510 Extend Sign Byte instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 178,895 Extend Sign Half Word instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 871,920 Load Word and Zero instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 41,994 Move From Condition Register instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 100,005 Move from Special Purpose Register instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 100,002 Move to Special Purpose Register instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 804,619 Multiply Low Word instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 421,201 OR instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 471,910 OR Immediate instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 1,292,020 Rotate Left Word Immediate then AND with Mask instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 663,613 Shift Left Word instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 1,151,564 Shift Right Algebraic Word Immediate instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 871,922 Store Word instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 100,004 Store Word with Update instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 887,804 Subtract From instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 83,988 Subtract From Immediate Carrying instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 1 System Call instruction.
- CPU #1 executed 207,746 XOR instructions.
-
- CPU #1 executed 23,740,856 cycles.
- CPU #1 executed 10,242,780 stalls waiting for data.
- CPU #1 executed 1 stall waiting for a function unit.
- CPU #1 executed 1 stall waiting for serialization.
- CPU #1 executed 1,757,900 times a writeback slot was unavilable.
- CPU #1 executed 1,088,135 branches.
- CPU #1 executed 2,048,093 conditional branches fell through.
- CPU #1 executed 1,088,135 successful branch predictions.
- CPU #1 executed 904,268 unsuccessful branch predictions.
- CPU #1 executed 742,557 branch if the condition is FALSE conditional branches.
- CPU #1 executed 1,249,846 branch if the condition is TRUE conditional branches.
- CPU #1 executed 571,910 branch always conditional branches.
- CPU #1 executed 9,493,653 1st single cycle integer functional unit instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 1,220,900 2nd single cycle integer functional unit instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 1,254,768 multiple cycle integer functional unit instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 1,843,846 load/store functional unit instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 3,136,229 branch functional unit instructions.
- CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions that were accounted for in timing info.
- CPU #1 executed 871,920 data reads.
- CPU #1 executed 971,926 data writes.
- CPU #1 executed 221 icache misses.
- CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions in total.
-
- Simulator speed was 250,731 instructions/second
-
-
-
-What motivated PSIM?
-
- As an idea, psim was first discussed seriously during mid
- 1994. At that time its main objectives were:
-
-
- o good performance
-
- Many simulators loose out by only providing
- a binary interface to the internals. This
- interface eventually becomes a bottle neck
- in the simulators performance.
-
- It was intended that PSIM would avoid this
- problem by giving the user access to the
- full source code.
-
- Further, by exploiting the power of modern
- compilers it was hoped that PSIM would achieve
- good performance with out having to compromize
- its internal design.
-
-
- o practical portability
-
- Rather than try to be portable to every
- C compiler on every platform, it was decided
- that PSIM would restrict its self to suporting
- ANSI compilers that included the extension
- of a long long type.
-
- GCC is one such compiler, consequenly PSIM
- should be portable to any machine running GCC.
-
-
- o flexability in its design
-
- PSIM should allow the user to select the
- features required and customize the build
- accordingly. By having the source code,
- the compler is able to eliminate any un
- used features of the simulator.
-
- After all, let the compiler do the work.
-
-
- o SMP
-
- A model that allowed the simulation of
- SMP platforms with out the large overhead
- often encountered with such models.
-
-
- PSIM achieves each of these objectives.
-
-
-Is PSIM PowerPC Platform (PPCP) (nee CHRP) Compliant?
-
- No.
-
- Among other things it does not have an Apple ROM socket.
-
-
-Can PSIM be configured so that it models a CHRP machine?
-
- Yes.
-
- PSIM has been designed with the CHRP spec in mind. To model
- a CHRP desktop a user would need to add the following:
-
- o An apple rom socket :-)
-
- o Model of each of the desktop IO devices
- (some may already be implemented).
-
- o An OpenPIC (Open Programmable Interrupt
- Controller) device. (it may by now be
- implemented).
-
- o RTAS (Run Time Abstraction Services).
-
- o A fully populated device tree.
-
-
-Is the source code available?
-
- Yes.
-
- The source code to PSIM is available under the terms of
- the GNU Public Licence. This allows you to distribute
- the source code for free but with certain conditions.
-
-
-How do I build PSIM?
-
- To build PSIM you will need the following files:
-
-
- gdb-4.15.tar.gz From your favorite GNU ftp site.
- I've also tested psim with
- gdb-4.15.1. If you would prefer
- a graphical development environment
- then PSIM can also be built with
- gdbtk.
-
-
- ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/clayton/README.pim
-
- This file.
-
-
- ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/clayton/gdb-4.15+psim.diff.gz
-
- Firstly this file contains a few
- minor changes to gdb-4.15 so that it
- will build PSIM as part of GDB.
-
-
- ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/clayton/gdb-4.15+note.diff.gz
-
- Add suport for note sections (used
- by OpenBoot PowerPC programs).
-
-
- ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/clayton/gdb-4.15+attach.diff.gz
-
- Allow the gdb attach command to
- work with simulators.
-
-
- ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/clayton/psim-960119.tar.gz
-
- This contains the psim files proper.
-
-
- gcc Again available from your favorite
- GNU ftp site.
-
-
- patch Sun's patch behaves a little wierd
- and doesn't appear to like creating
- empty files. You may want to consider
- installing gnu's patch.
-
-
- Procedure:
-
- 0. A starting point
-
- $ ls -1
- gdb-4.15+attach.diff.gz
- gdb-4.15+note.diff.gz
- gdb-4.15+psim.diff.gz
- gdb-4.15+psim.diff.gz
- gdb-4.15.tar.gz
- psim-960119.tar.gz
-
-
- 1. Unpack gdb
-
- $ gunzip < gdb-4.15.tar.gz | tar xf -
-
-
- 2. Change to the gdb directory, apply the psim patches and unpack
- the psim files.
-
- $ cd gdb-4.15
-
- $ gunzip < ../gdb-4.15+psim.diff.gz | more
- $ gunzip < ../gdb-4.15+psim.diff.gz | patch -p1
-
- $ gunzip < ../gdb-4.15+psim-960119.tar.gz | tar tvf -
- $ gunzip < ../gdb-4.15+psim-960119.tar.gz | tar xvf -
-
- You may also want to consider applying the `attach' and
- `note' patches that are available vis:
-
- $ gunzip < ../gdb-4.15+attach.diff.gz | more
- $ gunzip < ../gdb-4.15+attach.diff.gz | patch -p
-
- $ gunzip < ../gdb-4.15+note.diff.gz | more
- $ gunzip < ../gdb-4.15+note.diff.gz | patch -p
-
-
- 3. Configure gdb
-
- $ more gdb/README
-
- then something like (I assume SH):
-
- $ CC=gcc ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabisim
-
- eabisim is needed as by default (because PSIM needs GCC) the
- simulator is not built.
-
- [If building with a more recent gdb snapshot then the
- command:
-
- $CC=gcc ./configure --enable-sim-powerpc
-
- is used.]
-
- 4. Build
-
- $ make CC=gcc
-
- alternativly, if you are short on disk space or just want the
- simulator built:
-
- $ ( cd libiberty && make CC=gcc )
- $ ( cd bfd && make CC=gcc )
- $ ( cd sim/ppc && make CC=gcc )
-
-
- 5. Install
-
- $ make CC=gcc install
-
- or just
-
- $ cp gdb/gdb ~/bin/powerpc-unknown-eabisim-gdb
- $ cp sim/ppc/run ~/bin/powerpc-unknown-eabisim-run
-
-
-Is there a more recent version of PSIM and if so, how would I build it?
-
- A PSIM is an ongoing development, occasional snapshots
- (that include new features) are made available. Several of
- the more recent snapshots are:
-
- <to-be-advised>
-
- To build/install one of these snapshots, you replace the
- current gdb/sim/ppc directory with the one in the update,
- re-configure and rebuild.
-
- Procedure:
-
- 0. A starting point
-
- $ cd gdb-4.15
-
-
- 1. Remove the old psim directory
-
- $ mv sim/ppc sim/old.ppc
-
-
- 2. Unpack the new one
-
- $ gunzip < ../psim-960105.tar.gz | tar tf -
- $ gunzip < ../psim-960105.tar.gz | tar tf -
-
-
- 3. Reconfig/rebuild (as seen above):
-
- $ CC=gcc ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabisim
- $ make CC=gcc
-
-
-Are there any example programs that can be run on PSIM?
-
- Psim has a simple test suite that is used to ensure
- that fixes do not introduce new bugs. This test suite
- like psim is updated:
-
- ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/clayton/psim-test-960118.tar.gz
-
- Prebuilt test programs for PSIM.
- Includes examples of UEA, VEA and
- OEA code.
- Requires gcc-2.7.2 and binutils-2.6
- to rebuild.
-
-
-How do I use the simulator?
-
-
- I assume that you've unpacked a psim-test archive.
-
-
- 1. As a standalone program
-
- Print out the users environment:
-
- $ powerpc-unknown-eabisim-run psim-test/uea/envp
-
- Print out the arguments:
-
- $ powerpc-unknown-eabisim-run psim-test/uea/argv a b c
-
- Check that sbrk works:
-
- $ powerpc-unknown-eabisim-run psim-test/uea/break
-
-
- 2. Example of running GDB:
-
- The main thing to note is that before you can run the simulator
- you must enable it. The example below illustrates this:
-
- $ powerpc-unknown-eabisim-gdb psim-test/uea/envp
- (gdb) target sim
- (gdb) load
- (gdb) break main
- (gdb) run
- .
- .
- .
-
-
- 3. Using a device tree as a description of a machine
- (I assume that you have applied the attach bug).
-
- $ cd psim-test/tree
- $ powerpc-unknown-eabisim-gdb
- (gdb) target sim
- (gdb) attach device-tree
- (gdb) run
-
- or
-
- $ cd psim-test/tree
- $ powerpc-unknown-eabisim-run device-tree
-
-
-Where do I send bugs or report problems?
-
- There is a mailing list (subscribe through majordomo@ci.com.au) (that
- is almost never used) at:
-
- powerpc-psim@ci.com.au
-
- If I get the ftp archive updated I post a note to that mailing list.
- In addition your welcome to send bugs or problems either to me or to
- that e-mail list.
-
-
-Does PSIM have any limitations or problems?
-
- See the file PROBLEMS (included in the distribution) for any
- outstanding issues.
-
-
-Who helped?
-
- Thanks go to the following who each helped in their own
- way:
-
- Allen Briggs, Bett Koch, David Edelsohn, Gordon Irlam,
- Michael Meissner, Bob Mercier, Richard Perini, Dale Rahn
- Richard Stallman, Mitchele Walker
--- /dev/null
+
+ PSIM - model the PowerPC environment
+
+ Copyright (C) 1994-1996, Andrew Cagney <cagney@highland.com.au>.
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Running PSIM
+
+ This file describes how to run the program PSIM.
+
+ o Walk through a number of examples from the
+ pre-built tar archive psim-test.
+
+ o Looks at the device tree used by PSIM.
+
+ o Notes on building a programmer environment to
+ use with PSIM (BSD/UEA and BUG/OEA)
+
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+RUNNING PSIM:
+
+
+The compressed tar archive psim-test available from:
+
+ ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/psim-test-1.0.tar.gz
+or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/psim-test-1.0.tar.gz
+
+contains a number of pre-built programs for running under PSIM. Each
+pre-built binary is built both big and little endian. The suffixes
+.be/.le (executables) .bo/.lo (object files) and .ba/.la (libraries)
+are used.
+
+
+To run one of these programs, use:
+
+ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run <image>
+
+vis
+
+ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run psim-test/uea/envp
+
+(The program envp prints out your shells environment - very useful
+:-). More generally psim is run as (this is part of the output from
+the -h option):
+
+ psim [ <psim-option> ... ] <image> [ <image-arg> ... ]
+
+Where
+
+ <image> Name of the PowerPC program to run.
+ This can either be a PowerPC binary or
+ a text file containing a device tree
+ specification.
+ PSIM will attempt to determine from the
+ specified <image> the intended emulation
+ environment.
+ If PSIM gets it wrong, the emulation
+ environment can be specified using the
+ `-e' option (described below).
+
+ <image-arg> Argument to be passed to <image>
+ These arguments will be passed to
+ <image> (as standard C argv, argc)
+ when <image> is started.
+
+ <psim-option> See below
+
+The following are valid <psim-option>s:
+
+ -m <model> Specify the processor to model (604)
+ Selects the processor to use when
+ modeling execution units. Includes:
+ 604, 603 and 603e
+
+ -e <os-emul> specify an OS or platform to model
+ Can be any of the following:
+ bug - OEA + MOTO BUG ROM calls
+ netbsd - UEA + NetBSD system calls
+ chirp - OEA + a few OpenBoot calls
+
+ -i Print instruction counting statistics
+
+ -I Print execution unit statistics
+
+ -r <size> Set RAM size in bytes (OEA environments)
+
+ -t [!]<trace> Enable (disable) <trace> option
+
+ -o <spec> add device <spec> to the device tree
+
+ -h -? -H give more detailed usage
+
+
+The `-H' option gives a long usage output. This includes a complete
+list of all the pre-configured devices.
+
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+RUNNING GDB:
+
+
+If you built PSIM with gdb then the following is a quick start
+tutorial.
+
+At present GDB, if configured big-endian (say) unlike PSIM, does not
+support the debugging of little endian binaries. If you find that
+your program won't run at all, make certain that GDB and your
+program's endianness match.
+
+
+The most important thing is that before you can run the simulator you
+must enable it. For the simulator, gdb is started like any program:
+
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-gdb psim-test/uea/envp.be
+
+Next the simulator is enabled. The command `target sim' accepts the
+same options as can be specified on the PSIM command line.
+
+ (gdb) target sim
+
+To trace the communication between psim and gdb specify `target sim -t
+gdb'. Once enabled, the binary needs to be loaded, any breakpoints of
+interest set, and the program run:
+
+ (gdb) load
+ (gdb) break main
+ (gdb) run
+ .
+ .
+ .
+
+In addition, if you are wanting to run a program described by a device
+tree you can `attach' to the simulation using (I assume that you have
+applied the attach patch):
+
+ $ cd psim-test/tree
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-gdb
+ (gdb) target sim
+ (gdb) attach device-tree
+ (gdb) run
+
+Here GDB takes the programs initial state from the attached
+device-tree instead of forcing initialisation.
+
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+PROFILING:
+
+
+PSIM includes a number of performance monitoring (profiling)
+facilities:
+
+ o instruction frequency counting
+
+ o execution unit modeling (records
+ effective usage of units).
+
+ o instruction cache performance
+
+As discussed in the file INSTALL, each can be configured to individual
+requirements.
+
+
+ -i Enable instruction counting.
+
+ The frequency of all instructions is tabulated. In
+ addition (f configured) the hit/miss rate of the
+ instruction cache is output.
+
+
+ -I Enable execution unit analysis.
+
+ In addition to counting basic instructions also model
+ the performance of the processors execution units
+
+
+ -m <processor>
+
+ Select the processor to be modelled.
+
+ For execution unit analysis specify the processor that
+ is to be analysed. By default the 604 is modelled
+ however, support for other processors such as the
+ 603 and 603e is included.
+
+The output from a performance run (on a P90) for the program
+psim-test/profile/bench is below. In this run psim was fairly
+agressively configured (see the file INSTALL for compile time
+configuration).
+
+ CPU #1 executed 41,994 AND instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 519,785 AND Immediate instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 680,058 Add instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 41,994 Add Extended instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 921,916 Add Immediate instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 221,199 Add Immediate Carrying instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 943,823 Add Immediate Shifted instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 471,909 Add to Zero Extended instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 571,915 Branch instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 1,992,403 Branch Conditional instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 571,910 Branch Conditional to Link Register instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 320,431 Compare instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 471,911 Compare Immediate instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 145,867 Compare Logical instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 442,414 Compare Logical Immediate instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 1 Condition Register XOR instruction.
+ CPU #1 executed 103,873 Divide Word instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 104,275 Divide Word Unsigned instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 132,510 Extend Sign Byte instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 178,895 Extend Sign Half Word instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 871,920 Load Word and Zero instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 41,994 Move From Condition Register instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 100,005 Move from Special Purpose Register instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 100,002 Move to Special Purpose Register instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 804,619 Multiply Low Word instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 421,201 OR instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 471,910 OR Immediate instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 1,292,020 Rotate Left Word Immediate then AND with Mask instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 663,613 Shift Left Word instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 1,151,564 Shift Right Algebraic Word Immediate instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 871,922 Store Word instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 100,004 Store Word with Update instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 887,804 Subtract From instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 83,988 Subtract From Immediate Carrying instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 1 System Call instruction.
+ CPU #1 executed 207,746 XOR instructions.
+
+ CPU #1 executed 23,740,856 cycles.
+ CPU #1 executed 10,242,780 stalls waiting for data.
+ CPU #1 executed 1 stall waiting for a function unit.
+ CPU #1 executed 1 stall waiting for serialization.
+ CPU #1 executed 1,757,900 times a write-back slot was unavailable.
+ CPU #1 executed 1,088,135 branches.
+ CPU #1 executed 2,048,093 conditional branches fell through.
+ CPU #1 executed 1,088,135 successful branch predictions.
+ CPU #1 executed 904,268 unsuccessful branch predictions.
+ CPU #1 executed 742,557 branch if the condition is FALSE conditional branches.
+ CPU #1 executed 1,249,846 branch if the condition is TRUE conditional branches.
+ CPU #1 executed 571,910 branch always conditional branches.
+ CPU #1 executed 9,493,653 1st single cycle integer functional unit instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 1,220,900 2nd single cycle integer functional unit instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 1,254,768 multiple cycle integer functional unit instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 1,843,846 load/store functional unit instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 3,136,229 branch functional unit instructions.
+ CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions that were accounted for in timing info.
+ CPU #1 executed 871,920 data reads.
+ CPU #1 executed 971,926 data writes.
+ CPU #1 executed 221 icache misses.
+ CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions in total.
+
+ Simulator speed was 250,731 instructions/second
+
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+PSIM CONFIGURATION - THE DEVICE TREE
+
+
+Internally PSIM's configuration is controlled by a tree data
+structure. This structure, created at run-time, intentionally
+resembles the device tree used by OpenBoot firmware to describe a
+machines hardware configuration.
+
+PSIM can either create its device tree using a builtin emulation or
+from one read in from a file.
+
+During startup, the device tree is created using the following steps:
+
+ o Initial empty tree is created
+
+ o Any tree entry options specified on the
+ command line are merged in (the -o <entry>
+ option is used).
+
+ It should be pointed out that most of the
+ command line options (eg -r, -e, -m, -t
+ are all just short hand for corresponding
+ -o options).
+
+ o If the specified program is a device tree spec, that
+ is loaded.
+
+ If the specified program is a text file it is assumed
+ that that file contains a further specification of the
+ simulators device tree. That tree is loaded and
+ merged with the current tree options.
+
+ o The selected emulation fills out any remaining details.
+
+ By this stage the emulation environment that the program
+ needs will either be specified in the device tree
+ (through the -e option) or determined from the
+ characteristics of the binary.
+
+ The selected emulation will then fill out any missing
+ nodes in the device tree.
+
+Most importantly earlier additions to the tree are not overridden by
+later additions. Thus, command line options override information
+found in the program file and both override any emulation entries.
+
+The following is a summary of the most useful runtime configuration
+options:
+
+ -e <os-emul>
+ -o '/openprom/options/os-emul <os-emul>'
+
+ Run program using the <emulation> run-time
+ environment.
+
+ -r <ram-size>
+ -o '/openprom/options/oea-memory-size <ram-size>'
+
+ Set the size of the first bank of memory
+ (RAM from address 0 up).
+
+ -t print-device-tree
+ -o '/openprom/trace/print-device-tree 1'
+
+ -t dump-device-tree
+ -o '/openprom/trace/dump-device-tree 1'
+
+ Print out the device tree once it has been fully
+ populated. For dump-device-tree, exit simulator after
+ dumping the tree.
+
+ PSIM is able to reload the dumped device tree.
+
+ The format of the dumped tree is under development.
+
+ -o '/openprom/options/smp <N>'
+
+ Enable <N> processors for the simulation run.
+ See the directory psim-test/oea for an example.
+
+ -o '/openprom/options/alignment <N>'
+
+ Where <N> is 1 - nonstrict or 2 - strict.
+ Specify if the missaligned access are allowed
+ (non-strict) or result in an alignment exception
+ (strict).
+
+Devices (if included in the file device_table.c) can also be specified
+in a similar way. For instance, to add a second serial port, a
+command like:
+
+ -o '/iobus@0x400000/console@0x000010'
+
+would create a `console' device at offset 0x10 within the `iobus' at
+memory address 0x400000.
+
+For more detailed information on device specifiers see the notes on
+the function dump_device_tree in the file device.c (found in the
+source code).
+
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+BUILDING A BUG/OEA DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
+
+
+Background:
+
+
+Included in many PowerPC systems is Motorola's BUG monitor. This
+monitor includes, for client programs, a set of services that allow
+that program to interact with hardware devices such as the console using
+a simple system call interface.
+
+PSIM is able to emulate a number of the services (including the
+console IO calls). If additional services are needed they can easily
+be added.
+
+Cygnus support's newlib library includes includes an interface to the
+MOTO BUG services. The notes below discuss how I both built and run
+programs compiled using this library on PSIM.
+
+The only confusing part about building a development environment based
+around newlib/binutils/gcc is a chicken/egg problem with include
+files:
+
+ For GCC to build, a fairly complete set of include
+ files must be installed but newlib won't install its
+ include files until it has been built with gcc ...
+
+I get around this by installing the problematic include files by hand.
+
+
+Preparation:
+
+
+The following files are needed:
+
+From your favorite FTP site, the sources to gas/ld and gcc - mine
+happens to be archie.au :
+
+ ftp://archie.au/gnu/binutils-2.6.tar.gz
+ ftp://archie.au/gnu/gcc-2.6.2.tar.gz
+
+From ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/newlib the source code to a library:
+
+ ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/newlib/newlib-1.7.0.tar.gz
+
+From ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim some minor patches and updates to
+the above library:
+
+ ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/newlib-1.7.0+float+ppc-asm.tar.gz
+ ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/newlib-1.7.0+ppc-fix.diff.gz
+ ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz
+
+In addition you'll need to decide where you will be installing the
+development environment. You will notice that in the below I install
+things well away /usr/local instead installing everything under its
+own directory in /applications.
+
+
+Method:
+
+
+These notes are based on an installation performed on a Sun-OS-4/SPARC
+host. For other hosts and other configurations, the below should be
+considered as a guideline only.
+
+
+ o Sanity check
+
+ $ cd .../scratch # your scratch directory
+ $ ls -1
+ binutils-2.6.tar.gz
+ binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz
+ gcc-2.7.2,tar.gz
+ newlib-1.7.0+float+ppc-asm.tar.gz
+ newlib-1.7.0+ppc-fix.diff.gz
+ newlib-1.7.0.tar.gz
+
+
+ o Unpack/build/install binutils
+
+ This is done first so that there is a gas/ld ready
+ for the building of GCC and NEWLIB.
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ gunzip < binutils-2.6.tar.gz | tar xf -
+ $ cd binutils-2.6
+
+ Optionally apply the note patch
+
+ $ gunzip ../binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz | patch
+
+ Then continue with the build
+
+ $ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \
+ --prefix=/applications/psim
+ $ make
+ $ make install
+ $ cd ..
+ $ rm -rf binutils-2.6
+
+ This also creates much of the installation directory
+ tree.
+
+
+ o Unpack newlib, install the include files so that they
+ are ready for GCC's build.
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ gunzip < newlib-1.7.0.tar.gz | tar xf -
+
+ New lib-1.7.0 had a few minor bugs (fixed in current):
+ the header files float.h and ppc-asm.h were missing;
+ the configure and Makefile's for the rs6000 (ppc) directory
+ contained typos:
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ cd newlib-1.7.0
+ $ gunzip < ../newlib-1.7.0+float+ppc-asm.tar.gz | tar xvf -
+ $ gunzip < ../newlib-1.7.0+ppc-fix.diff.gz | patch -p1
+
+ Finally copy the include files to where GCC will see them:
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ cd newlib-1.7.0/newlib/libc
+ $ tar cf - include | \
+ ( cd /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi && tar xf - )
+
+
+ o Unpack/build gcc
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ gunzip < gcc-2.7.2,tar.gz | tar xf -
+ $ cd gcc-2.7.2
+ $ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \
+ --prefix=/applications/psim
+ $ make
+ $ make install
+ $ cd ..
+ $ rm -rf gcc-2.7.2
+
+ Gcc likes to install its own dummy version of float that
+ just returns an error.
+
+ $ more /applications/psim/lib/gcc-lib/powerpc-unknown-eabi/2.7.2/include/float.h
+ $ rm /applications/psim/lib/gcc-lib/powerpc-unknown-eabi/2.7.2/include/float.h
+
+
+ o Finish building/installing newlib
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ cd newlib-1.7.0
+ $ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \
+ --prefix=/applications/psim
+
+ Your path will need to include the recently installed
+ gas/gcc when building. Either add it to your path or
+ use:
+
+ $ PATH=/applications/psim/bin:$PATH make
+ $ PATH=/applications/psim/bin:$PATH make install
+
+
+ o Finally, test out the build
+
+ $ cat hello.c
+ main()
+ {
+ printf("hello world\n");
+ }
+
+ The binary is linked with an entry point less than 0x100000
+ (1mb) so that psim will recognize the binary as needing
+ the BUG/OEA instead of the BSD/UEA runtime environment.
+
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-gcc -v -o hello \
+ -Wl,-Ttext,0x4000,-Tdata,0x10000 \
+ /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/lib/mvme-crt0.o \
+ hello.c \
+ -lc -lmvme
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-objdump -h hello
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run hello
+
+ It is also possible to force psim to use a specific
+ run-time environment using the -e option vis:
+
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run -e bug hello
+
+
+
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+BUILDING A BSD/UEA DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
+
+
+Background:
+
+
+For a UEA to be useful it needs a supporting run-time environment.
+PSIM implements a runtime environment based on the NetBSD system call
+interface.
+
+More than any thing, this user level emulation was the first
+implemented because I happened to have the NetBSD source code lying
+lying around.
+
+
+Preparation:
+
+
+This requires the NetBSD-1.1 source tree online. It can either be
+obtained vi ftp:
+
+ try http://www.netbsd.org or ftp://ftp.netbsd.org
+
+Alternatively obtain one of the NetBSD cdrom's. Patches to this source
+tree that fill out much of the PowerPC code are available in:
+
+ ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/clayton
+
+Fetch everything in that directory - diffs, tar archives and scripts.
+In addition a patch to binutils is in:
+
+ ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz
+
+Finally you'll require a compiler and assembler/linker:
+
+ gcc-2.7.2.tar.gz
+ binutils-2.6.tar.gz
+
+
+
+
+Method:
+
+
+These notes are based on an installation performed on a Solaris2/x86
+host. For other hosts and other configurations, the below should be
+considered as a guideline only.
+
+
+ o Sanity check
+
+ I assume that you have already obtained the NetBSD-1.1 source
+ code and unpacked it into the directory bsd-src. While the
+ full NetBSD source tree may not be needed, things are easier
+ if it is all online.
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ ls -1
+ binutils-2.6.tar.gz
+ binutils-2.6.tar.gz
+ clayton-include-960203.diff.gz
+ clayton-lib-960203.diff.gz
+ clayton-lib-960203.tar.gz
+ clayton-sys-960203.diff.gz
+ clayton-sys-960203.tar.gz
+ clayton-utils-960203.tar.gz
+ clayton.chown.sh
+ clayton.install.sh
+ clayton.lorder.sh
+ clayton.make.sh
+ clayton.usr.bin.make.diff
+ gcc-2.7.2.tar.gz
+ gcc-2.7.2+sys-types.diff.gz
+
+
+ o Unpack the bsd source code (if you haven't already)
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ mkdir bsd-src
+ $ cd bsd-src
+ $ for d in /cdrom/bsdisc_12_95_disc2/NetBSD-1.1/source/*11
+ do
+ echo $d
+ cat $d/*.?? | gunzip | tar xf -
+ done
+
+ Flatten the directory structure a little.
+
+ $ mv usr/src/* .
+ $ rmdir usr/src usr
+ $ cd ..
+
+
+ o Unpack/build/install binutils
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ gunzip < binutils-2.6.tar.gz | tar xf -
+ $ cd binutils-2.6
+
+ Optionally apply the note patch
+
+ $ gunzip ../binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz | patch
+
+ Then continue with the build
+
+ $ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \
+ --prefix=/applications/psim
+ $ make
+ $ make install
+ $ cd ..
+ $ rm -rf binutils-2.6
+
+ This has the intended side effect of partially populating
+ the psim directory tree which makes follow on steps easier.
+
+
+ o Fill out the install directory with a few additions (if
+ install -d works, this can be simplified).
+
+ $ mkdir \
+ /applications/psim/bsd-root \
+ /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr \
+ /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share \
+ /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share/doc \
+ /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share/doc/psd \
+ /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share/doc/psd/19.curses \
+ /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/include \
+ /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/lib \
+
+
+ o Make the bsd and gnu include directories point to the same
+ location.
+
+ GCC expects include files to be in one location while the
+ bsd install expects them in a second. The link is in
+ the direction below because bsd's install also insists on
+ a directory (not a link) for its install destination.
+
+ $ ln -s ../bsd-root/usr/include \
+ /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include
+
+
+
+ o Build/install Berkeley make
+
+ In building Berkeley make from the NetBSD-1.1 source tree
+ a number of problems may be encountered.
+
+ These problems have been fixed in NetBSD-current (after
+ 4/2/96 (ie start Feb)) you should probably obtain that
+ version of make. Alternatively, you can try following the
+ notes below that got make working on a Solaris-2.5/x86
+ host.
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ cd bsd-src/usr.bin/make
+ $ pwd
+ .../scratch/bsd-src/usr.bin/make
+
+ Copy/stub some additional include files that your host may not
+ have.
+
+ $ cp ../../include/ranlib.h ranlib.h
+ $ mkdir sys
+ $ cp ../../sys/sys/cdefs.h sys/cdefs.h
+ $ mkdir machine
+ $ touch machine/cdefs.h
+
+ Edit/fix some of the BSDisms. The patch file indicated
+ contains fixes I found when compiling on my host, your
+ host will probably differ.
+
+ $ gunzip < ../../../clayton.usr.bin.make.diff.gz | patch
+
+ Build it with some extra flags (again your flags will differ):
+
+ $ make -f Makefile.boot CC='gcc -g -DPOSIX'
+
+ With bmake built, install it into the target specific bin
+ directory:
+
+ $ cp bmake /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/make
+ $ cd ../../..
+
+
+ o Patch/install Berkeley make's include (mk) files.
+
+ $ cd .../share
+ $ cd bsd-src/share
+ $ tar cf - mk | ( cd /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share \
+ && tar xf - )
+ $ cd ../..
+
+
+ o Set up a number of wrapper scripts for bmake so that it works.
+
+ In addition to needing BSD make the build process assumes
+ a number of BSD specific commands. To get around this
+ several wrapper scripts are available.
+
+ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make (clayton.make)
+
+ Front end to Berkeley make setting it up for a
+ cross compilation
+
+ /applications/psim/bin/powerpc-unknown-eabi-make
+
+ chown (clayton.chown)
+
+ Wrapper that does not do any thing.
+ Avoids the need to be root when installing.
+
+ /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin
+
+ install (clayton.install)
+
+ Wrapper to strip away a number of bsd specific install
+ arguments.
+
+ /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/install
+
+ lorder (clayton.lorder)
+
+ Tweaked lorder script that will use nm etc from
+ binutils.
+
+ /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/lorder
+
+
+ o Apply the remaining patches for the BSD source tree
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ cd bsd-src
+
+ Diffs are applied using something like:
+
+ $ gunzip < ../clayton-include-960203.diff.gz | more
+ ...
+
+ The patch to sys/dev/pci/ncr.c.rej might fail.
+
+ The tar archives have a different problem, you need
+ to remove the `src' prefix. I used
+
+ $ ln -s . src
+ $ gunzip < ../clayton-lib-960203.tar.gz | tar xtf -
+ ...
+
+ So that src/xxx unpacked into ./xxx
+
+
+ $ cd ..
+
+
+
+ o Install the include files
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ cd bsd-src/include
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make install
+ $ cd ../..
+
+
+ o Install a few other include files.
+
+ As with building libnew, the bsd build process has
+ several include file problems.
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ cd bsd-src
+ $ cp gnu/lib/libg++/g++-include/values.h \
+ /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include
+ $ cp lib/libcurses/curses.h \
+ /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include
+
+ $ cd ..
+
+
+
+ o Build/install gcc
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ gunzip < gcc-2.7.2,tar.gz | tar xf -
+ $ cd gcc-2.7.2
+
+ GCC and BSD (for PowerPC) have a conflicting type
+ declaration. The patch below gets around this
+ problem:
+
+ $ gunzip < ../gcc-2.7.2+sys-types.diff.gz | patch
+
+ Other than that, assuming the include files installed
+ okay, the rest should be fine ....
+
+ $ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \
+ --prefix=/applications/psim
+ $ make CC=gcc
+ $ make CC=gcc install
+ $ cd ..
+ $ rm -rf gcc-2.7.2
+
+
+ o Build/install the Berkeley library:
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ cd bsd-src/lib
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make install
+ $ cd ../..
+
+ If you encounter problems try the following: an include
+ file not yet installed; a directory not yet created;
+ running the hosts version of a program instead of a
+ bsd version.
+
+ o Build/run a simple BSD program
+
+ $ cd .../scratch
+ $ cd bsd-src/usr.bin/printenv
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make
+ $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run printenv
+ .
+ .
+ .
+
+
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
esac
if test x"$silent" != x"yes" && test x"$sim_smp" != x""; then
echo "Setting smp flags = $sim_smp" 6>&1
-fi],[sim_smp="-DWITH_SMP=0"
+fi],[sim_smp="-DWITH_SMP=5"
if test x"$silent" != x"yes"; then
echo "Setting smp flags = $sim_smp" 6>&1
fi])dnl
yes) sim_xor_endian="-DWITH_XOR_ENDIAN=8";;
no) sim_xor_endian="-DWITH_XOR_ENDIAN=0";;
*) sim_xor_endian="-DWITH_XOR_ENDIAN=$enableval";;
-esac],[sim_xor_endian=""])dnl
+esac
+if test x"$silent" != x"yes" && test x"$sim_xor_endian" != x""; then
+ echo "Setting xor-endian flag = $sim_xor_endian" 6>&1
+fi],[sim_xor_endian=""])dnl
AC_ARG_ENABLE(sim-bitsize,
[ --enable-sim-bitsize=n Specify target bitsize (32 or 64).],
projects / external / binutils.git / commitdiff