Merge pull request dotnet/coreclr#11521 from JosephTremoulet/SpanAssert

Propagate assertions for more checked bounds

Commit migrated from https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/commit/4908b1422412210caa52bdb6a20871287adf43e7

diff --cc src/coreclr/src/jit/assertionprop.cpp
Simple merge

diff --cc src/coreclr/src/jit/compiler.h
Simple merge

diff --cc src/coreclr/src/jit/rangecheck.cpp
Simple merge