Merge tag 'for-4.18/dm-changes-v2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git...
authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Wed, 13 Jun 2018 01:12:08 +0000 (18:12 -0700)
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Wed, 13 Jun 2018 01:12:08 +0000 (18:12 -0700)
Pull device mapper updates from Mike Snitzer:

 - Adjust various DM structure members to improve alignment relative to
   4.18 block's mempool_t and bioset changes.

 - Add DM writecache target that offers writeback caching to persistent
   memory or SSD.

 - Small DM core error message change to give context for why a DM table
   type transition wasn't allowed.

* tag 'for-4.18/dm-changes-v2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm:
  dm: add writecache target
  dm: adjust structure members to improve alignment
  dm: report which conflicting type caused error during table_load()

14 files changed:
Documentation/device-mapper/writecache.txt [new file with mode: 0644]
drivers/md/Kconfig
drivers/md/Makefile
drivers/md/dm-bio-prison-v1.c
drivers/md/dm-bio-prison-v2.c
drivers/md/dm-cache-target.c
drivers/md/dm-core.h
drivers/md/dm-crypt.c
drivers/md/dm-ioctl.c
drivers/md/dm-kcopyd.c
drivers/md/dm-region-hash.c
drivers/md/dm-thin.c
drivers/md/dm-writecache.c [new file with mode: 0644]
drivers/md/dm-zoned-target.c

diff --git a/Documentation/device-mapper/writecache.txt b/Documentation/device-mapper/writecache.txt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4424fa2
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+The writecache target caches writes on persistent memory or on SSD. It
+doesn't cache reads because reads are supposed to be cached in page cache
+in normal RAM.
+
+When the device is constructed, the first sector should be zeroed or the
+first sector should contain valid superblock from previous invocation.
+
+Constructor parameters:
+1. type of the cache device - "p" or "s"
+       p - persistent memory
+       s - SSD
+2. the underlying device that will be cached
+3. the cache device
+4. block size (4096 is recommended; the maximum block size is the page
+   size)
+5. the number of optional parameters (the parameters with an argument
+   count as two)
+       high_watermark n        (default: 50)
+               start writeback when the number of used blocks reach this
+               watermark
+       low_watermark x         (default: 45)
+               stop writeback when the number of used blocks drops below
+               this watermark
+       writeback_jobs n        (default: unlimited)
+               limit the number of blocks that are in flight during
+               writeback. Setting this value reduces writeback
+               throughput, but it may improve latency of read requests
+       autocommit_blocks n     (default: 64 for pmem, 65536 for ssd)
+               when the application writes this amount of blocks without
+               issuing the FLUSH request, the blocks are automatically
+               commited
+       autocommit_time ms      (default: 1000)
+               autocommit time in milliseconds. The data is automatically
+               commited if this time passes and no FLUSH request is
+               received
+       fua                     (by default on)
+               applicable only to persistent memory - use the FUA flag
+               when writing data from persistent memory back to the
+               underlying device
+       nofua
+               applicable only to persistent memory - don't use the FUA
+               flag when writing back data and send the FLUSH request
+               afterwards
+               - some underlying devices perform better with fua, some
+                 with nofua. The user should test it
+
+Status:
+1. error indicator - 0 if there was no error, otherwise error number
+2. the number of blocks
+3. the number of free blocks
+4. the number of blocks under writeback
+
+Messages:
+       flush
+               flush the cache device. The message returns successfully
+               if the cache device was flushed without an error
+       flush_on_suspend
+               flush the cache device on next suspend. Use this message
+               when you are going to remove the cache device. The proper
+               sequence for removing the cache device is:
+               1. send the "flush_on_suspend" message
+               2. load an inactive table with a linear target that maps
+                  to the underlying device
+               3. suspend the device
+               4. ask for status and verify that there are no errors
+               5. resume the device, so that it will use the linear
+                  target
+               6. the cache device is now inactive and it can be deleted
index edff083..8b8c123 100644 (file)
@@ -334,6 +334,17 @@ config DM_CACHE_SMQ
          of less memory utilization, improved performance and increased
          adaptability in the face of changing workloads.
 
+config DM_WRITECACHE
+       tristate "Writecache target"
+       depends on BLK_DEV_DM
+       ---help---
+          The writecache target caches writes on persistent memory or SSD.
+          It is intended for databases or other programs that need extremely
+          low commit latency.
+
+          The writecache target doesn't cache reads because reads are supposed
+          to be cached in standard RAM.
+
 config DM_ERA
        tristate "Era target (EXPERIMENTAL)"
        depends on BLK_DEV_DM
index 63255f3..822f4e8 100644 (file)
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_DM_ERA)          += dm-era.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DM_LOG_WRITES)    += dm-log-writes.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DM_INTEGRITY)     += dm-integrity.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DM_ZONED)         += dm-zoned.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_DM_WRITECACHE)    += dm-writecache.o
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_DM_UEVENT),y)
 dm-mod-objs                    += dm-uevent.o
index e794e36..b538989 100644 (file)
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 
 struct dm_bio_prison {
        spinlock_t lock;
-       mempool_t cell_pool;
        struct rb_root cells;
+       mempool_t cell_pool;
 };
 
 static struct kmem_cache *_cell_cache;
index f866bc9..b092cdc 100644 (file)
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ struct dm_bio_prison_v2 {
        struct workqueue_struct *wq;
 
        spinlock_t lock;
-       mempool_t cell_pool;
        struct rb_root cells;
+       mempool_t cell_pool;
 };
 
 static struct kmem_cache *_cell_cache;
index 001c712..ce14a3d 100644 (file)
@@ -371,7 +371,13 @@ struct cache_stats {
 
 struct cache {
        struct dm_target *ti;
-       struct dm_target_callbacks callbacks;
+       spinlock_t lock;
+
+       /*
+        * Fields for converting from sectors to blocks.
+        */
+       int sectors_per_block_shift;
+       sector_t sectors_per_block;
 
        struct dm_cache_metadata *cmd;
 
@@ -402,13 +408,11 @@ struct cache {
        dm_cblock_t cache_size;
 
        /*
-        * Fields for converting from sectors to blocks.
+        * Invalidation fields.
         */
-       sector_t sectors_per_block;
-       int sectors_per_block_shift;
+       spinlock_t invalidation_lock;
+       struct list_head invalidation_requests;
 
-       spinlock_t lock;
-       struct bio_list deferred_bios;
        sector_t migration_threshold;
        wait_queue_head_t migration_wait;
        atomic_t nr_allocated_migrations;
@@ -419,13 +423,11 @@ struct cache {
         */
        atomic_t nr_io_migrations;
 
+       struct bio_list deferred_bios;
+
        struct rw_semaphore quiesce_lock;
 
-       /*
-        * cache_size entries, dirty if set
-        */
-       atomic_t nr_dirty;
-       unsigned long *dirty_bitset;
+       struct dm_target_callbacks callbacks;
 
        /*
         * origin_blocks entries, discarded if set.
@@ -442,17 +444,27 @@ struct cache {
        const char **ctr_args;
 
        struct dm_kcopyd_client *copier;
-       struct workqueue_struct *wq;
        struct work_struct deferred_bio_worker;
        struct work_struct migration_worker;
+       struct workqueue_struct *wq;
        struct delayed_work waker;
        struct dm_bio_prison_v2 *prison;
-       struct bio_set bs;
 
-       mempool_t migration_pool;
+       /*
+        * cache_size entries, dirty if set
+        */
+       unsigned long *dirty_bitset;
+       atomic_t nr_dirty;
 
-       struct dm_cache_policy *policy;
        unsigned policy_nr_args;
+       struct dm_cache_policy *policy;
+
+       /*
+        * Cache features such as write-through.
+        */
+       struct cache_features features;
+
+       struct cache_stats stats;
 
        bool need_tick_bio:1;
        bool sized:1;
@@ -461,25 +473,16 @@ struct cache {
        bool loaded_mappings:1;
        bool loaded_discards:1;
 
-       /*
-        * Cache features such as write-through.
-        */
-       struct cache_features features;
-
-       struct cache_stats stats;
+       struct rw_semaphore background_work_lock;
 
-       /*
-        * Invalidation fields.
-        */
-       spinlock_t invalidation_lock;
-       struct list_head invalidation_requests;
+       struct batcher committer;
+       struct work_struct commit_ws;
 
        struct io_tracker tracker;
 
-       struct work_struct commit_ws;
-       struct batcher committer;
+       mempool_t migration_pool;
 
-       struct rw_semaphore background_work_lock;
+       struct bio_set bs;
 };
 
 struct per_bio_data {
index f21c5d2..7d480c9 100644 (file)
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ struct dm_kobject_holder {
 struct mapped_device {
        struct mutex suspend_lock;
 
+       struct mutex table_devices_lock;
+       struct list_head table_devices;
+
        /*
         * The current mapping (struct dm_table *).
         * Use dm_get_live_table{_fast} or take suspend_lock for
@@ -38,17 +41,14 @@ struct mapped_device {
         */
        void __rcu *map;
 
-       struct list_head table_devices;
-       struct mutex table_devices_lock;
-
        unsigned long flags;
 
-       struct request_queue *queue;
-       int numa_node_id;
-
-       enum dm_queue_mode type;
        /* Protect queue and type against concurrent access. */
        struct mutex type_lock;
+       enum dm_queue_mode type;
+
+       int numa_node_id;
+       struct request_queue *queue;
 
        atomic_t holders;
        atomic_t open_count;
@@ -56,21 +56,21 @@ struct mapped_device {
        struct dm_target *immutable_target;
        struct target_type *immutable_target_type;
 
+       char name[16];
        struct gendisk *disk;
        struct dax_device *dax_dev;
-       char name[16];
-
-       void *interface_ptr;
 
        /*
         * A list of ios that arrived while we were suspended.
         */
-       atomic_t pending[2];
-       wait_queue_head_t wait;
        struct work_struct work;
+       wait_queue_head_t wait;
+       atomic_t pending[2];
        spinlock_t deferred_lock;
        struct bio_list deferred;
 
+       void *interface_ptr;
+
        /*
         * Event handling.
         */
@@ -84,17 +84,17 @@ struct mapped_device {
        unsigned internal_suspend_count;
 
        /*
-        * Processing queue (flush)
-        */
-       struct workqueue_struct *wq;
-
-       /*
         * io objects are allocated from here.
         */
        struct bio_set io_bs;
        struct bio_set bs;
 
        /*
+        * Processing queue (flush)
+        */
+       struct workqueue_struct *wq;
+
+       /*
         * freeze/thaw support require holding onto a super block
         */
        struct super_block *frozen_sb;
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ struct mapped_device {
        /* forced geometry settings */
        struct hd_geometry geometry;
 
-       struct block_device *bdev;
-
        /* kobject and completion */
        struct dm_kobject_holder kobj_holder;
 
+       struct block_device *bdev;
+
        /* zero-length flush that will be cloned and submitted to targets */
        struct bio flush_bio;
 
index da02f4d..4939fbc 100644 (file)
@@ -139,25 +139,13 @@ struct crypt_config {
        struct dm_dev *dev;
        sector_t start;
 
-       /*
-        * pool for per bio private data, crypto requests,
-        * encryption requeusts/buffer pages and integrity tags
-        */
-       mempool_t req_pool;
-       mempool_t page_pool;
-       mempool_t tag_pool;
-       unsigned tag_pool_max_sectors;
-
        struct percpu_counter n_allocated_pages;
 
-       struct bio_set bs;
-       struct mutex bio_alloc_lock;
-
        struct workqueue_struct *io_queue;
        struct workqueue_struct *crypt_queue;
 
-       struct task_struct *write_thread;
        wait_queue_head_t write_thread_wait;
+       struct task_struct *write_thread;
        struct rb_root write_tree;
 
        char *cipher;
@@ -213,6 +201,18 @@ struct crypt_config {
        unsigned int integrity_iv_size;
        unsigned int on_disk_tag_size;
 
+       /*
+        * pool for per bio private data, crypto requests,
+        * encryption requeusts/buffer pages and integrity tags
+        */
+       unsigned tag_pool_max_sectors;
+       mempool_t tag_pool;
+       mempool_t req_pool;
+       mempool_t page_pool;
+
+       struct bio_set bs;
+       struct mutex bio_alloc_lock;
+
        u8 *authenc_key; /* space for keys in authenc() format (if used) */
        u8 key[0];
 };
index 5acf77d..b810ea7 100644 (file)
@@ -1344,7 +1344,8 @@ static int table_load(struct file *filp, struct dm_ioctl *param, size_t param_si
                        goto err_unlock_md_type;
                }
        } else if (!is_valid_type(dm_get_md_type(md), dm_table_get_type(t))) {
-               DMWARN("can't change device type after initial table load.");
+               DMWARN("can't change device type (old=%u vs new=%u) after initial table load.",
+                      dm_get_md_type(md), dm_table_get_type(t));
                r = -EINVAL;
                goto err_unlock_md_type;
        }
index ce7efc7..3c7547a 100644 (file)
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ struct dm_kcopyd_client {
        struct dm_io_client *io_client;
 
        wait_queue_head_t destroyq;
-       atomic_t nr_jobs;
 
        mempool_t job_pool;
 
@@ -54,6 +53,8 @@ struct dm_kcopyd_client {
 
        struct dm_kcopyd_throttle *throttle;
 
+       atomic_t nr_jobs;
+
 /*
  * We maintain three lists of jobs:
  *
index abf3521..c832ec3 100644 (file)
@@ -63,27 +63,28 @@ struct dm_region_hash {
 
        /* hash table */
        rwlock_t hash_lock;
-       mempool_t region_pool;
        unsigned mask;
        unsigned nr_buckets;
        unsigned prime;
        unsigned shift;
        struct list_head *buckets;
 
+       /*
+        * If there was a flush failure no regions can be marked clean.
+        */
+       int flush_failure;
+
        unsigned max_recovery; /* Max # of regions to recover in parallel */
 
        spinlock_t region_lock;
        atomic_t recovery_in_flight;
-       struct semaphore recovery_count;
        struct list_head clean_regions;
        struct list_head quiesced_regions;
        struct list_head recovered_regions;
        struct list_head failed_recovered_regions;
+       struct semaphore recovery_count;
 
-       /*
-        * If there was a flush failure no regions can be marked clean.
-        */
-       int flush_failure;
+       mempool_t region_pool;
 
        void *context;
        sector_t target_begin;
index 5772756..6cf9c93 100644 (file)
@@ -240,9 +240,9 @@ struct pool {
        struct dm_bio_prison *prison;
        struct dm_kcopyd_client *copier;
 
+       struct work_struct worker;
        struct workqueue_struct *wq;
        struct throttle throttle;
-       struct work_struct worker;
        struct delayed_work waker;
        struct delayed_work no_space_timeout;
 
@@ -260,7 +260,6 @@ struct pool {
        struct dm_deferred_set *all_io_ds;
 
        struct dm_thin_new_mapping *next_mapping;
-       mempool_t mapping_pool;
 
        process_bio_fn process_bio;
        process_bio_fn process_discard;
@@ -273,6 +272,8 @@ struct pool {
        process_mapping_fn process_prepared_discard_pt2;
 
        struct dm_bio_prison_cell **cell_sort_array;
+
+       mempool_t mapping_pool;
 };
 
 static enum pool_mode get_pool_mode(struct pool *pool);
diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-writecache.c b/drivers/md/dm-writecache.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5961c77
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,2305 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 Red Hat. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPL.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/device-mapper.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/dm-io.h>
+#include <linux/dm-kcopyd.h>
+#include <linux/dax.h>
+#include <linux/pfn_t.h>
+#include <linux/libnvdimm.h>
+
+#define DM_MSG_PREFIX "writecache"
+
+#define HIGH_WATERMARK                 50
+#define LOW_WATERMARK                  45
+#define MAX_WRITEBACK_JOBS             0
+#define ENDIO_LATENCY                  16
+#define WRITEBACK_LATENCY              64
+#define AUTOCOMMIT_BLOCKS_SSD          65536
+#define AUTOCOMMIT_BLOCKS_PMEM         64
+#define AUTOCOMMIT_MSEC                        1000
+
+#define BITMAP_GRANULARITY     65536
+#if BITMAP_GRANULARITY < PAGE_SIZE
+#undef BITMAP_GRANULARITY
+#define BITMAP_GRANULARITY     PAGE_SIZE
+#endif
+
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PMEM_API) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DAX_DRIVER)
+#define DM_WRITECACHE_HAS_PMEM
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DM_WRITECACHE_HAS_PMEM
+#define pmem_assign(dest, src)                                 \
+do {                                                           \
+       typeof(dest) uniq = (src);                              \
+       memcpy_flushcache(&(dest), &uniq, sizeof(dest));        \
+} while (0)
+#else
+#define pmem_assign(dest, src) ((dest) = (src))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__HAVE_ARCH_MEMCPY_MCSAFE) && defined(DM_WRITECACHE_HAS_PMEM)
+#define DM_WRITECACHE_HANDLE_HARDWARE_ERRORS
+#endif
+
+#define MEMORY_SUPERBLOCK_MAGIC                0x23489321
+#define MEMORY_SUPERBLOCK_VERSION      1
+
+struct wc_memory_entry {
+       __le64 original_sector;
+       __le64 seq_count;
+};
+
+struct wc_memory_superblock {
+       union {
+               struct {
+                       __le32 magic;
+                       __le32 version;
+                       __le32 block_size;
+                       __le32 pad;
+                       __le64 n_blocks;
+                       __le64 seq_count;
+               };
+               __le64 padding[8];
+       };
+       struct wc_memory_entry entries[0];
+};
+
+struct wc_entry {
+       struct rb_node rb_node;
+       struct list_head lru;
+       unsigned short wc_list_contiguous;
+       bool write_in_progress
+#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64
+               :1
+#endif
+       ;
+       unsigned long index
+#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64
+               :47
+#endif
+       ;
+#ifdef DM_WRITECACHE_HANDLE_HARDWARE_ERRORS
+       uint64_t original_sector;
+       uint64_t seq_count;
+#endif
+};
+
+#ifdef DM_WRITECACHE_HAS_PMEM
+#define WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)                       ((wc)->pmem_mode)
+#define WC_MODE_FUA(wc)                                ((wc)->writeback_fua)
+#else
+#define WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)                       false
+#define WC_MODE_FUA(wc)                                false
+#endif
+#define WC_MODE_SORT_FREELIST(wc)              (!WC_MODE_PMEM(wc))
+
+struct dm_writecache {
+       struct mutex lock;
+       struct list_head lru;
+       union {
+               struct list_head freelist;
+               struct {
+                       struct rb_root freetree;
+                       struct wc_entry *current_free;
+               };
+       };
+       struct rb_root tree;
+
+       size_t freelist_size;
+       size_t writeback_size;
+       size_t freelist_high_watermark;
+       size_t freelist_low_watermark;
+
+       unsigned uncommitted_blocks;
+       unsigned autocommit_blocks;
+       unsigned max_writeback_jobs;
+
+       int error;
+
+       unsigned long autocommit_jiffies;
+       struct timer_list autocommit_timer;
+       struct wait_queue_head freelist_wait;
+
+       atomic_t bio_in_progress[2];
+       struct wait_queue_head bio_in_progress_wait[2];
+
+       struct dm_target *ti;
+       struct dm_dev *dev;
+       struct dm_dev *ssd_dev;
+       void *memory_map;
+       uint64_t memory_map_size;
+       size_t metadata_sectors;
+       size_t n_blocks;
+       uint64_t seq_count;
+       void *block_start;
+       struct wc_entry *entries;
+       unsigned block_size;
+       unsigned char block_size_bits;
+
+       bool pmem_mode:1;
+       bool writeback_fua:1;
+
+       bool overwrote_committed:1;
+       bool memory_vmapped:1;
+
+       bool high_wm_percent_set:1;
+       bool low_wm_percent_set:1;
+       bool max_writeback_jobs_set:1;
+       bool autocommit_blocks_set:1;
+       bool autocommit_time_set:1;
+       bool writeback_fua_set:1;
+       bool flush_on_suspend:1;
+
+       unsigned writeback_all;
+       struct workqueue_struct *writeback_wq;
+       struct work_struct writeback_work;
+       struct work_struct flush_work;
+
+       struct dm_io_client *dm_io;
+
+       raw_spinlock_t endio_list_lock;
+       struct list_head endio_list;
+       struct task_struct *endio_thread;
+
+       struct task_struct *flush_thread;
+       struct bio_list flush_list;
+
+       struct dm_kcopyd_client *dm_kcopyd;
+       unsigned long *dirty_bitmap;
+       unsigned dirty_bitmap_size;
+
+       struct bio_set bio_set;
+       mempool_t copy_pool;
+};
+
+#define WB_LIST_INLINE         16
+
+struct writeback_struct {
+       struct list_head endio_entry;
+       struct dm_writecache *wc;
+       struct wc_entry **wc_list;
+       unsigned wc_list_n;
+       unsigned page_offset;
+       struct page *page;
+       struct wc_entry *wc_list_inline[WB_LIST_INLINE];
+       struct bio bio;
+};
+
+struct copy_struct {
+       struct list_head endio_entry;
+       struct dm_writecache *wc;
+       struct wc_entry *e;
+       unsigned n_entries;
+       int error;
+};
+
+DECLARE_DM_KCOPYD_THROTTLE_WITH_MODULE_PARM(dm_writecache_throttle,
+                                           "A percentage of time allocated for data copying");
+
+static void wc_lock(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       mutex_lock(&wc->lock);
+}
+
+static void wc_unlock(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       mutex_unlock(&wc->lock);
+}
+
+#ifdef DM_WRITECACHE_HAS_PMEM
+static int persistent_memory_claim(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       int r;
+       loff_t s;
+       long p, da;
+       pfn_t pfn;
+       int id;
+       struct page **pages;
+
+       wc->memory_vmapped = false;
+
+       if (!wc->ssd_dev->dax_dev) {
+               r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+               goto err1;
+       }
+       s = wc->memory_map_size;
+       p = s >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+       if (!p) {
+               r = -EINVAL;
+               goto err1;
+       }
+       if (p != s >> PAGE_SHIFT) {
+               r = -EOVERFLOW;
+               goto err1;
+       }
+
+       id = dax_read_lock();
+
+       da = dax_direct_access(wc->ssd_dev->dax_dev, 0, p, &wc->memory_map, &pfn);
+       if (da < 0) {
+               wc->memory_map = NULL;
+               r = da;
+               goto err2;
+       }
+       if (!pfn_t_has_page(pfn)) {
+               wc->memory_map = NULL;
+               r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+               goto err2;
+       }
+       if (da != p) {
+               long i;
+               wc->memory_map = NULL;
+               pages = kvmalloc(p * sizeof(struct page *), GFP_KERNEL);
+               if (!pages) {
+                       r = -ENOMEM;
+                       goto err2;
+               }
+               i = 0;
+               do {
+                       long daa;
+                       void *dummy_addr;
+                       daa = dax_direct_access(wc->ssd_dev->dax_dev, i, p - i,
+                                               &dummy_addr, &pfn);
+                       if (daa <= 0) {
+                               r = daa ? daa : -EINVAL;
+                               goto err3;
+                       }
+                       if (!pfn_t_has_page(pfn)) {
+                               r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+                               goto err3;
+                       }
+                       while (daa-- && i < p) {
+                               pages[i++] = pfn_t_to_page(pfn);
+                               pfn.val++;
+                       }
+               } while (i < p);
+               wc->memory_map = vmap(pages, p, VM_MAP, PAGE_KERNEL);
+               if (!wc->memory_map) {
+                       r = -ENOMEM;
+                       goto err3;
+               }
+               kvfree(pages);
+               wc->memory_vmapped = true;
+       }
+
+       dax_read_unlock(id);
+       return 0;
+err3:
+       kvfree(pages);
+err2:
+       dax_read_unlock(id);
+err1:
+       return r;
+}
+#else
+static int persistent_memory_claim(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       BUG();
+}
+#endif
+
+static void persistent_memory_release(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       if (wc->memory_vmapped)
+               vunmap(wc->memory_map);
+}
+
+static struct page *persistent_memory_page(void *addr)
+{
+       if (is_vmalloc_addr(addr))
+               return vmalloc_to_page(addr);
+       else
+               return virt_to_page(addr);
+}
+
+static unsigned persistent_memory_page_offset(void *addr)
+{
+       return (unsigned long)addr & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
+}
+
+static void persistent_memory_flush_cache(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+       if (is_vmalloc_addr(ptr))
+               flush_kernel_vmap_range(ptr, size);
+}
+
+static void persistent_memory_invalidate_cache(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+       if (is_vmalloc_addr(ptr))
+               invalidate_kernel_vmap_range(ptr, size);
+}
+
+static struct wc_memory_superblock *sb(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       return wc->memory_map;
+}
+
+static struct wc_memory_entry *memory_entry(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+       if (is_power_of_2(sizeof(struct wc_entry)) && 0)
+               return &sb(wc)->entries[e - wc->entries];
+       else
+               return &sb(wc)->entries[e->index];
+}
+
+static void *memory_data(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+       return (char *)wc->block_start + (e->index << wc->block_size_bits);
+}
+
+static sector_t cache_sector(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+       return wc->metadata_sectors +
+               ((sector_t)e->index << (wc->block_size_bits - SECTOR_SHIFT));
+}
+
+static uint64_t read_original_sector(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+#ifdef DM_WRITECACHE_HANDLE_HARDWARE_ERRORS
+       return e->original_sector;
+#else
+       return le64_to_cpu(memory_entry(wc, e)->original_sector);
+#endif
+}
+
+static uint64_t read_seq_count(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+#ifdef DM_WRITECACHE_HANDLE_HARDWARE_ERRORS
+       return e->seq_count;
+#else
+       return le64_to_cpu(memory_entry(wc, e)->seq_count);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void clear_seq_count(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+#ifdef DM_WRITECACHE_HANDLE_HARDWARE_ERRORS
+       e->seq_count = -1;
+#endif
+       pmem_assign(memory_entry(wc, e)->seq_count, cpu_to_le64(-1));
+}
+
+static void write_original_sector_seq_count(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e,
+                                           uint64_t original_sector, uint64_t seq_count)
+{
+       struct wc_memory_entry me;
+#ifdef DM_WRITECACHE_HANDLE_HARDWARE_ERRORS
+       e->original_sector = original_sector;
+       e->seq_count = seq_count;
+#endif
+       me.original_sector = cpu_to_le64(original_sector);
+       me.seq_count = cpu_to_le64(seq_count);
+       pmem_assign(*memory_entry(wc, e), me);
+}
+
+#define writecache_error(wc, err, msg, arg...)                         \
+do {                                                                   \
+       if (!cmpxchg(&(wc)->error, 0, err))                             \
+               DMERR(msg, ##arg);                                      \
+       wake_up(&(wc)->freelist_wait);                                  \
+} while (0)
+
+#define writecache_has_error(wc)       (unlikely(READ_ONCE((wc)->error)))
+
+static void writecache_flush_all_metadata(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       if (!WC_MODE_PMEM(wc))
+               memset(wc->dirty_bitmap, -1, wc->dirty_bitmap_size);
+}
+
+static void writecache_flush_region(struct dm_writecache *wc, void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+       if (!WC_MODE_PMEM(wc))
+               __set_bit(((char *)ptr - (char *)wc->memory_map) / BITMAP_GRANULARITY,
+                         wc->dirty_bitmap);
+}
+
+static void writecache_disk_flush(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct dm_dev *dev);
+
+struct io_notify {
+       struct dm_writecache *wc;
+       struct completion c;
+       atomic_t count;
+};
+
+static void writecache_notify_io(unsigned long error, void *context)
+{
+       struct io_notify *endio = context;
+
+       if (unlikely(error != 0))
+               writecache_error(endio->wc, -EIO, "error writing metadata");
+       BUG_ON(atomic_read(&endio->count) <= 0);
+       if (atomic_dec_and_test(&endio->count))
+               complete(&endio->c);
+}
+
+static void ssd_commit_flushed(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       struct dm_io_region region;
+       struct dm_io_request req;
+       struct io_notify endio = {
+               wc,
+               COMPLETION_INITIALIZER_ONSTACK(endio.c),
+               ATOMIC_INIT(1),
+       };
+       unsigned bitmap_bits = wc->dirty_bitmap_size * BITS_PER_LONG;
+       unsigned i = 0;
+
+       while (1) {
+               unsigned j;
+               i = find_next_bit(wc->dirty_bitmap, bitmap_bits, i);
+               if (unlikely(i == bitmap_bits))
+                       break;
+               j = find_next_zero_bit(wc->dirty_bitmap, bitmap_bits, i);
+
+               region.bdev = wc->ssd_dev->bdev;
+               region.sector = (sector_t)i * (BITMAP_GRANULARITY >> SECTOR_SHIFT);
+               region.count = (sector_t)(j - i) * (BITMAP_GRANULARITY >> SECTOR_SHIFT);
+
+               if (unlikely(region.sector >= wc->metadata_sectors))
+                       break;
+               if (unlikely(region.sector + region.count > wc->metadata_sectors))
+                       region.count = wc->metadata_sectors - region.sector;
+
+               atomic_inc(&endio.count);
+               req.bi_op = REQ_OP_WRITE;
+               req.bi_op_flags = REQ_SYNC;
+               req.mem.type = DM_IO_VMA;
+               req.mem.ptr.vma = (char *)wc->memory_map + (size_t)i * BITMAP_GRANULARITY;
+               req.client = wc->dm_io;
+               req.notify.fn = writecache_notify_io;
+               req.notify.context = &endio;
+
+               /* writing via async dm-io (implied by notify.fn above) won't return an error */
+               (void) dm_io(&req, 1, &region, NULL);
+               i = j;
+       }
+
+       writecache_notify_io(0, &endio);
+       wait_for_completion_io(&endio.c);
+
+       writecache_disk_flush(wc, wc->ssd_dev);
+
+       memset(wc->dirty_bitmap, 0, wc->dirty_bitmap_size);
+}
+
+static void writecache_commit_flushed(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc))
+               wmb();
+       else
+               ssd_commit_flushed(wc);
+}
+
+static void writecache_disk_flush(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct dm_dev *dev)
+{
+       int r;
+       struct dm_io_region region;
+       struct dm_io_request req;
+
+       region.bdev = dev->bdev;
+       region.sector = 0;
+       region.count = 0;
+       req.bi_op = REQ_OP_WRITE;
+       req.bi_op_flags = REQ_PREFLUSH;
+       req.mem.type = DM_IO_KMEM;
+       req.mem.ptr.addr = NULL;
+       req.client = wc->dm_io;
+       req.notify.fn = NULL;
+
+       r = dm_io(&req, 1, &region, NULL);
+       if (unlikely(r))
+               writecache_error(wc, r, "error flushing metadata: %d", r);
+}
+
+static void writecache_wait_for_ios(struct dm_writecache *wc, int direction)
+{
+       wait_event(wc->bio_in_progress_wait[direction],
+                  !atomic_read(&wc->bio_in_progress[direction]));
+}
+
+#define WFE_RETURN_FOLLOWING   1
+#define WFE_LOWEST_SEQ         2
+
+static struct wc_entry *writecache_find_entry(struct dm_writecache *wc,
+                                             uint64_t block, int flags)
+{
+       struct wc_entry *e;
+       struct rb_node *node = wc->tree.rb_node;
+
+       if (unlikely(!node))
+               return NULL;
+
+       while (1) {
+               e = container_of(node, struct wc_entry, rb_node);
+               if (read_original_sector(wc, e) == block)
+                       break;
+               node = (read_original_sector(wc, e) >= block ?
+                       e->rb_node.rb_left : e->rb_node.rb_right);
+               if (unlikely(!node)) {
+                       if (!(flags & WFE_RETURN_FOLLOWING)) {
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       if (read_original_sector(wc, e) >= block) {
+                               break;
+                       } else {
+                               node = rb_next(&e->rb_node);
+                               if (unlikely(!node)) {
+                                       return NULL;
+                               }
+                               e = container_of(node, struct wc_entry, rb_node);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       while (1) {
+               struct wc_entry *e2;
+               if (flags & WFE_LOWEST_SEQ)
+                       node = rb_prev(&e->rb_node);
+               else
+                       node = rb_next(&e->rb_node);
+               if (!node)
+                       return e;
+               e2 = container_of(node, struct wc_entry, rb_node);
+               if (read_original_sector(wc, e2) != block)
+                       return e;
+               e = e2;
+       }
+}
+
+static void writecache_insert_entry(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *ins)
+{
+       struct wc_entry *e;
+       struct rb_node **node = &wc->tree.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
+
+       while (*node) {
+               e = container_of(*node, struct wc_entry, rb_node);
+               parent = &e->rb_node;
+               if (read_original_sector(wc, e) > read_original_sector(wc, ins))
+                       node = &parent->rb_left;
+               else
+                       node = &parent->rb_right;
+       }
+       rb_link_node(&ins->rb_node, parent, node);
+       rb_insert_color(&ins->rb_node, &wc->tree);
+       list_add(&ins->lru, &wc->lru);
+}
+
+static void writecache_unlink(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+       list_del(&e->lru);
+       rb_erase(&e->rb_node, &wc->tree);
+}
+
+static void writecache_add_to_freelist(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+       if (WC_MODE_SORT_FREELIST(wc)) {
+               struct rb_node **node = &wc->freetree.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
+               if (unlikely(!*node))
+                       wc->current_free = e;
+               while (*node) {
+                       parent = *node;
+                       if (&e->rb_node < *node)
+                               node = &parent->rb_left;
+                       else
+                               node = &parent->rb_right;
+               }
+               rb_link_node(&e->rb_node, parent, node);
+               rb_insert_color(&e->rb_node, &wc->freetree);
+       } else {
+               list_add_tail(&e->lru, &wc->freelist);
+       }
+       wc->freelist_size++;
+}
+
+static struct wc_entry *writecache_pop_from_freelist(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       struct wc_entry *e;
+
+       if (WC_MODE_SORT_FREELIST(wc)) {
+               struct rb_node *next;
+               if (unlikely(!wc->current_free))
+                       return NULL;
+               e = wc->current_free;
+               next = rb_next(&e->rb_node);
+               rb_erase(&e->rb_node, &wc->freetree);
+               if (unlikely(!next))
+                       next = rb_first(&wc->freetree);
+               wc->current_free = next ? container_of(next, struct wc_entry, rb_node) : NULL;
+       } else {
+               if (unlikely(list_empty(&wc->freelist)))
+                       return NULL;
+               e = container_of(wc->freelist.next, struct wc_entry, lru);
+               list_del(&e->lru);
+       }
+       wc->freelist_size--;
+       if (unlikely(wc->freelist_size + wc->writeback_size <= wc->freelist_high_watermark))
+               queue_work(wc->writeback_wq, &wc->writeback_work);
+
+       return e;
+}
+
+static void writecache_free_entry(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+       writecache_unlink(wc, e);
+       writecache_add_to_freelist(wc, e);
+       clear_seq_count(wc, e);
+       writecache_flush_region(wc, memory_entry(wc, e), sizeof(struct wc_memory_entry));
+       if (unlikely(waitqueue_active(&wc->freelist_wait)))
+               wake_up(&wc->freelist_wait);
+}
+
+static void writecache_wait_on_freelist(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+
+       prepare_to_wait(&wc->freelist_wait, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+       io_schedule();
+       finish_wait(&wc->freelist_wait, &wait);
+       wc_lock(wc);
+}
+
+static void writecache_poison_lists(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       /*
+        * Catch incorrect access to these values while the device is suspended.
+        */
+       memset(&wc->tree, -1, sizeof wc->tree);
+       wc->lru.next = LIST_POISON1;
+       wc->lru.prev = LIST_POISON2;
+       wc->freelist.next = LIST_POISON1;
+       wc->freelist.prev = LIST_POISON2;
+}
+
+static void writecache_flush_entry(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+       writecache_flush_region(wc, memory_entry(wc, e), sizeof(struct wc_memory_entry));
+       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc))
+               writecache_flush_region(wc, memory_data(wc, e), wc->block_size);
+}
+
+static bool writecache_entry_is_committed(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct wc_entry *e)
+{
+       return read_seq_count(wc, e) < wc->seq_count;
+}
+
+static void writecache_flush(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       struct wc_entry *e, *e2;
+       bool need_flush_after_free;
+
+       wc->uncommitted_blocks = 0;
+       del_timer(&wc->autocommit_timer);
+
+       if (list_empty(&wc->lru))
+               return;
+
+       e = container_of(wc->lru.next, struct wc_entry, lru);
+       if (writecache_entry_is_committed(wc, e)) {
+               if (wc->overwrote_committed) {
+                       writecache_wait_for_ios(wc, WRITE);
+                       writecache_disk_flush(wc, wc->ssd_dev);
+                       wc->overwrote_committed = false;
+               }
+               return;
+       }
+       while (1) {
+               writecache_flush_entry(wc, e);
+               if (unlikely(e->lru.next == &wc->lru))
+                       break;
+               e2 = container_of(e->lru.next, struct wc_entry, lru);
+               if (writecache_entry_is_committed(wc, e2))
+                       break;
+               e = e2;
+               cond_resched();
+       }
+       writecache_commit_flushed(wc);
+
+       writecache_wait_for_ios(wc, WRITE);
+
+       wc->seq_count++;
+       pmem_assign(sb(wc)->seq_count, cpu_to_le64(wc->seq_count));
+       writecache_flush_region(wc, &sb(wc)->seq_count, sizeof sb(wc)->seq_count);
+       writecache_commit_flushed(wc);
+
+       wc->overwrote_committed = false;
+
+       need_flush_after_free = false;
+       while (1) {
+               /* Free another committed entry with lower seq-count */
+               struct rb_node *rb_node = rb_prev(&e->rb_node);
+
+               if (rb_node) {
+                       e2 = container_of(rb_node, struct wc_entry, rb_node);
+                       if (read_original_sector(wc, e2) == read_original_sector(wc, e) &&
+                           likely(!e2->write_in_progress)) {
+                               writecache_free_entry(wc, e2);
+                               need_flush_after_free = true;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (unlikely(e->lru.prev == &wc->lru))
+                       break;
+               e = container_of(e->lru.prev, struct wc_entry, lru);
+               cond_resched();
+       }
+
+       if (need_flush_after_free)
+               writecache_commit_flushed(wc);
+}
+
+static void writecache_flush_work(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = container_of(work, struct dm_writecache, flush_work);
+
+       wc_lock(wc);
+       writecache_flush(wc);
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+}
+
+static void writecache_autocommit_timer(struct timer_list *t)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = from_timer(wc, t, autocommit_timer);
+       if (!writecache_has_error(wc))
+               queue_work(wc->writeback_wq, &wc->flush_work);
+}
+
+static void writecache_schedule_autocommit(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       if (!timer_pending(&wc->autocommit_timer))
+               mod_timer(&wc->autocommit_timer, jiffies + wc->autocommit_jiffies);
+}
+
+static void writecache_discard(struct dm_writecache *wc, sector_t start, sector_t end)
+{
+       struct wc_entry *e;
+       bool discarded_something = false;
+
+       e = writecache_find_entry(wc, start, WFE_RETURN_FOLLOWING | WFE_LOWEST_SEQ);
+       if (unlikely(!e))
+               return;
+
+       while (read_original_sector(wc, e) < end) {
+               struct rb_node *node = rb_next(&e->rb_node);
+
+               if (likely(!e->write_in_progress)) {
+                       if (!discarded_something) {
+                               writecache_wait_for_ios(wc, READ);
+                               writecache_wait_for_ios(wc, WRITE);
+                               discarded_something = true;
+                       }
+                       writecache_free_entry(wc, e);
+               }
+
+               if (!node)
+                       break;
+
+               e = container_of(node, struct wc_entry, rb_node);
+       }
+
+       if (discarded_something)
+               writecache_commit_flushed(wc);
+}
+
+static bool writecache_wait_for_writeback(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       if (wc->writeback_size) {
+               writecache_wait_on_freelist(wc);
+               return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+static void writecache_suspend(struct dm_target *ti)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = ti->private;
+       bool flush_on_suspend;
+
+       del_timer_sync(&wc->autocommit_timer);
+
+       wc_lock(wc);
+       writecache_flush(wc);
+       flush_on_suspend = wc->flush_on_suspend;
+       if (flush_on_suspend) {
+               wc->flush_on_suspend = false;
+               wc->writeback_all++;
+               queue_work(wc->writeback_wq, &wc->writeback_work);
+       }
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+
+       flush_workqueue(wc->writeback_wq);
+
+       wc_lock(wc);
+       if (flush_on_suspend)
+               wc->writeback_all--;
+       while (writecache_wait_for_writeback(wc));
+
+       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc))
+               persistent_memory_flush_cache(wc->memory_map, wc->memory_map_size);
+
+       writecache_poison_lists(wc);
+
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+}
+
+static int writecache_alloc_entries(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       size_t b;
+
+       if (wc->entries)
+               return 0;
+       wc->entries = vmalloc(sizeof(struct wc_entry) * wc->n_blocks);
+       if (!wc->entries)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       for (b = 0; b < wc->n_blocks; b++) {
+               struct wc_entry *e = &wc->entries[b];
+               e->index = b;
+               e->write_in_progress = false;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void writecache_resume(struct dm_target *ti)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = ti->private;
+       size_t b;
+       bool need_flush = false;
+       __le64 sb_seq_count;
+       int r;
+
+       wc_lock(wc);
+
+       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc))
+               persistent_memory_invalidate_cache(wc->memory_map, wc->memory_map_size);
+
+       wc->tree = RB_ROOT;
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wc->lru);
+       if (WC_MODE_SORT_FREELIST(wc)) {
+               wc->freetree = RB_ROOT;
+               wc->current_free = NULL;
+       } else {
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wc->freelist);
+       }
+       wc->freelist_size = 0;
+
+       r = memcpy_mcsafe(&sb_seq_count, &sb(wc)->seq_count, sizeof(uint64_t));
+       if (r) {
+               writecache_error(wc, r, "hardware memory error when reading superblock: %d", r);
+               sb_seq_count = cpu_to_le64(0);
+       }
+       wc->seq_count = le64_to_cpu(sb_seq_count);
+
+#ifdef DM_WRITECACHE_HANDLE_HARDWARE_ERRORS
+       for (b = 0; b < wc->n_blocks; b++) {
+               struct wc_entry *e = &wc->entries[b];
+               struct wc_memory_entry wme;
+               if (writecache_has_error(wc)) {
+                       e->original_sector = -1;
+                       e->seq_count = -1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               r = memcpy_mcsafe(&wme, memory_entry(wc, e), sizeof(struct wc_memory_entry));
+               if (r) {
+                       writecache_error(wc, r, "hardware memory error when reading metadata entry %lu: %d",
+                                        (unsigned long)b, r);
+                       e->original_sector = -1;
+                       e->seq_count = -1;
+               } else {
+                       e->original_sector = le64_to_cpu(wme.original_sector);
+                       e->seq_count = le64_to_cpu(wme.seq_count);
+               }
+       }
+#endif
+       for (b = 0; b < wc->n_blocks; b++) {
+               struct wc_entry *e = &wc->entries[b];
+               if (!writecache_entry_is_committed(wc, e)) {
+                       if (read_seq_count(wc, e) != -1) {
+erase_this:
+                               clear_seq_count(wc, e);
+                               need_flush = true;
+                       }
+                       writecache_add_to_freelist(wc, e);
+               } else {
+                       struct wc_entry *old;
+
+                       old = writecache_find_entry(wc, read_original_sector(wc, e), 0);
+                       if (!old) {
+                               writecache_insert_entry(wc, e);
+                       } else {
+                               if (read_seq_count(wc, old) == read_seq_count(wc, e)) {
+                                       writecache_error(wc, -EINVAL,
+                                                "two identical entries, position %llu, sector %llu, sequence %llu",
+                                                (unsigned long long)b, (unsigned long long)read_original_sector(wc, e),
+                                                (unsigned long long)read_seq_count(wc, e));
+                               }
+                               if (read_seq_count(wc, old) > read_seq_count(wc, e)) {
+                                       goto erase_this;
+                               } else {
+                                       writecache_free_entry(wc, old);
+                                       writecache_insert_entry(wc, e);
+                                       need_flush = true;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               cond_resched();
+       }
+
+       if (need_flush) {
+               writecache_flush_all_metadata(wc);
+               writecache_commit_flushed(wc);
+       }
+
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+}
+
+static int process_flush_mesg(unsigned argc, char **argv, struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       if (argc != 1)
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       wc_lock(wc);
+       if (dm_suspended(wc->ti)) {
+               wc_unlock(wc);
+               return -EBUSY;
+       }
+       if (writecache_has_error(wc)) {
+               wc_unlock(wc);
+               return -EIO;
+       }
+
+       writecache_flush(wc);
+       wc->writeback_all++;
+       queue_work(wc->writeback_wq, &wc->writeback_work);
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+
+       flush_workqueue(wc->writeback_wq);
+
+       wc_lock(wc);
+       wc->writeback_all--;
+       if (writecache_has_error(wc)) {
+               wc_unlock(wc);
+               return -EIO;
+       }
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_flush_on_suspend_mesg(unsigned argc, char **argv, struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       if (argc != 1)
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       wc_lock(wc);
+       wc->flush_on_suspend = true;
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int writecache_message(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned argc, char **argv,
+                             char *result, unsigned maxlen)
+{
+       int r = -EINVAL;
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = ti->private;
+
+       if (!strcasecmp(argv[0], "flush"))
+               r = process_flush_mesg(argc, argv, wc);
+       else if (!strcasecmp(argv[0], "flush_on_suspend"))
+               r = process_flush_on_suspend_mesg(argc, argv, wc);
+       else
+               DMERR("unrecognised message received: %s", argv[0]);
+
+       return r;
+}
+
+static void bio_copy_block(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct bio *bio, void *data)
+{
+       void *buf;
+       unsigned long flags;
+       unsigned size;
+       int rw = bio_data_dir(bio);
+       unsigned remaining_size = wc->block_size;
+
+       do {
+               struct bio_vec bv = bio_iter_iovec(bio, bio->bi_iter);
+               buf = bvec_kmap_irq(&bv, &flags);
+               size = bv.bv_len;
+               if (unlikely(size > remaining_size))
+                       size = remaining_size;
+
+               if (rw == READ) {
+                       int r;
+                       r = memcpy_mcsafe(buf, data, size);
+                       flush_dcache_page(bio_page(bio));
+                       if (unlikely(r)) {
+                               writecache_error(wc, r, "hardware memory error when reading data: %d", r);
+                               bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       flush_dcache_page(bio_page(bio));
+                       memcpy_flushcache(data, buf, size);
+               }
+
+               bvec_kunmap_irq(buf, &flags);
+
+               data = (char *)data + size;
+               remaining_size -= size;
+               bio_advance(bio, size);
+       } while (unlikely(remaining_size));
+}
+
+static int writecache_flush_thread(void *data)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = data;
+
+       while (1) {
+               struct bio *bio;
+
+               wc_lock(wc);
+               bio = bio_list_pop(&wc->flush_list);
+               if (!bio) {
+                       set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+                       wc_unlock(wc);
+
+                       if (unlikely(kthread_should_stop())) {
+                               set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       schedule();
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if (bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_DISCARD) {
+                       writecache_discard(wc, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector,
+                                          bio_end_sector(bio));
+                       wc_unlock(wc);
+                       bio_set_dev(bio, wc->dev->bdev);
+                       generic_make_request(bio);
+               } else {
+                       writecache_flush(wc);
+                       wc_unlock(wc);
+                       if (writecache_has_error(wc))
+                               bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
+                       bio_endio(bio);
+               }
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void writecache_offload_bio(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct bio *bio)
+{
+       if (bio_list_empty(&wc->flush_list))
+               wake_up_process(wc->flush_thread);
+       bio_list_add(&wc->flush_list, bio);
+}
+
+static int writecache_map(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio)
+{
+       struct wc_entry *e;
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = ti->private;
+
+       bio->bi_private = NULL;
+
+       wc_lock(wc);
+
+       if (unlikely(bio->bi_opf & REQ_PREFLUSH)) {
+               if (writecache_has_error(wc))
+                       goto unlock_error;
+               if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+                       writecache_flush(wc);
+                       if (writecache_has_error(wc))
+                               goto unlock_error;
+                       goto unlock_submit;
+               } else {
+                       writecache_offload_bio(wc, bio);
+                       goto unlock_return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = dm_target_offset(ti, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector);
+
+       if (unlikely((((unsigned)bio->bi_iter.bi_sector | bio_sectors(bio)) &
+                               (wc->block_size / 512 - 1)) != 0)) {
+               DMERR("I/O is not aligned, sector %llu, size %u, block size %u",
+                     (unsigned long long)bio->bi_iter.bi_sector,
+                     bio->bi_iter.bi_size, wc->block_size);
+               goto unlock_error;
+       }
+
+       if (unlikely(bio_op(bio) == REQ_OP_DISCARD)) {
+               if (writecache_has_error(wc))
+                       goto unlock_error;
+               if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+                       writecache_discard(wc, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, bio_end_sector(bio));
+                       goto unlock_remap_origin;
+               } else {
+                       writecache_offload_bio(wc, bio);
+                       goto unlock_return;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (bio_data_dir(bio) == READ) {
+read_next_block:
+               e = writecache_find_entry(wc, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, WFE_RETURN_FOLLOWING);
+               if (e && read_original_sector(wc, e) == bio->bi_iter.bi_sector) {
+                       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+                               bio_copy_block(wc, bio, memory_data(wc, e));
+                               if (bio->bi_iter.bi_size)
+                                       goto read_next_block;
+                               goto unlock_submit;
+                       } else {
+                               dm_accept_partial_bio(bio, wc->block_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT);
+                               bio_set_dev(bio, wc->ssd_dev->bdev);
+                               bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = cache_sector(wc, e);
+                               if (!writecache_entry_is_committed(wc, e))
+                                       writecache_wait_for_ios(wc, WRITE);
+                               goto unlock_remap;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       if (e) {
+                               sector_t next_boundary =
+                                       read_original_sector(wc, e) - bio->bi_iter.bi_sector;
+                               if (next_boundary < bio->bi_iter.bi_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT) {
+                                       dm_accept_partial_bio(bio, next_boundary);
+                               }
+                       }
+                       goto unlock_remap_origin;
+               }
+       } else {
+               do {
+                       if (writecache_has_error(wc))
+                               goto unlock_error;
+                       e = writecache_find_entry(wc, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, 0);
+                       if (e) {
+                               if (!writecache_entry_is_committed(wc, e))
+                                       goto bio_copy;
+                               if (!WC_MODE_PMEM(wc) && !e->write_in_progress) {
+                                       wc->overwrote_committed = true;
+                                       goto bio_copy;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       e = writecache_pop_from_freelist(wc);
+                       if (unlikely(!e)) {
+                               writecache_wait_on_freelist(wc);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       write_original_sector_seq_count(wc, e, bio->bi_iter.bi_sector, wc->seq_count);
+                       writecache_insert_entry(wc, e);
+                       wc->uncommitted_blocks++;
+bio_copy:
+                       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+                               bio_copy_block(wc, bio, memory_data(wc, e));
+                       } else {
+                               dm_accept_partial_bio(bio, wc->block_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT);
+                               bio_set_dev(bio, wc->ssd_dev->bdev);
+                               bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = cache_sector(wc, e);
+                               if (unlikely(wc->uncommitted_blocks >= wc->autocommit_blocks)) {
+                                       wc->uncommitted_blocks = 0;
+                                       queue_work(wc->writeback_wq, &wc->flush_work);
+                               } else {
+                                       writecache_schedule_autocommit(wc);
+                               }
+                               goto unlock_remap;
+                       }
+               } while (bio->bi_iter.bi_size);
+
+               if (unlikely(wc->uncommitted_blocks >= wc->autocommit_blocks))
+                       writecache_flush(wc);
+               else
+                       writecache_schedule_autocommit(wc);
+               goto unlock_submit;
+       }
+
+unlock_remap_origin:
+       bio_set_dev(bio, wc->dev->bdev);
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+       return DM_MAPIO_REMAPPED;
+
+unlock_remap:
+       /* make sure that writecache_end_io decrements bio_in_progress: */
+       bio->bi_private = (void *)1;
+       atomic_inc(&wc->bio_in_progress[bio_data_dir(bio)]);
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+       return DM_MAPIO_REMAPPED;
+
+unlock_submit:
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+       bio_endio(bio);
+       return DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
+
+unlock_return:
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+       return DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
+
+unlock_error:
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+       bio_io_error(bio);
+       return DM_MAPIO_SUBMITTED;
+}
+
+static int writecache_end_io(struct dm_target *ti, struct bio *bio, blk_status_t *status)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = ti->private;
+
+       if (bio->bi_private != NULL) {
+               int dir = bio_data_dir(bio);
+               if (atomic_dec_and_test(&wc->bio_in_progress[dir]))
+                       if (unlikely(waitqueue_active(&wc->bio_in_progress_wait[dir])))
+                               wake_up(&wc->bio_in_progress_wait[dir]);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int writecache_iterate_devices(struct dm_target *ti,
+                                     iterate_devices_callout_fn fn, void *data)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = ti->private;
+
+       return fn(ti, wc->dev, 0, ti->len, data);
+}
+
+static void writecache_io_hints(struct dm_target *ti, struct queue_limits *limits)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = ti->private;
+
+       if (limits->logical_block_size < wc->block_size)
+               limits->logical_block_size = wc->block_size;
+
+       if (limits->physical_block_size < wc->block_size)
+               limits->physical_block_size = wc->block_size;
+
+       if (limits->io_min < wc->block_size)
+               limits->io_min = wc->block_size;
+}
+
+
+static void writecache_writeback_endio(struct bio *bio)
+{
+       struct writeback_struct *wb = container_of(bio, struct writeback_struct, bio);
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = wb->wc;
+       unsigned long flags;
+
+       raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&wc->endio_list_lock, flags);
+       if (unlikely(list_empty(&wc->endio_list)))
+               wake_up_process(wc->endio_thread);
+       list_add_tail(&wb->endio_entry, &wc->endio_list);
+       raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&wc->endio_list_lock, flags);
+}
+
+static void writecache_copy_endio(int read_err, unsigned long write_err, void *ptr)
+{
+       struct copy_struct *c = ptr;
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = c->wc;
+
+       c->error = likely(!(read_err | write_err)) ? 0 : -EIO;
+
+       raw_spin_lock_irq(&wc->endio_list_lock);
+       if (unlikely(list_empty(&wc->endio_list)))
+               wake_up_process(wc->endio_thread);
+       list_add_tail(&c->endio_entry, &wc->endio_list);
+       raw_spin_unlock_irq(&wc->endio_list_lock);
+}
+
+static void __writecache_endio_pmem(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct list_head *list)
+{
+       unsigned i;
+       struct writeback_struct *wb;
+       struct wc_entry *e;
+       unsigned long n_walked = 0;
+
+       do {
+               wb = list_entry(list->next, struct writeback_struct, endio_entry);
+               list_del(&wb->endio_entry);
+
+               if (unlikely(wb->bio.bi_status != BLK_STS_OK))
+                       writecache_error(wc, blk_status_to_errno(wb->bio.bi_status),
+                                       "write error %d", wb->bio.bi_status);
+               i = 0;
+               do {
+                       e = wb->wc_list[i];
+                       BUG_ON(!e->write_in_progress);
+                       e->write_in_progress = false;
+                       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&e->lru);
+                       if (!writecache_has_error(wc))
+                               writecache_free_entry(wc, e);
+                       BUG_ON(!wc->writeback_size);
+                       wc->writeback_size--;
+                       n_walked++;
+                       if (unlikely(n_walked >= ENDIO_LATENCY)) {
+                               writecache_commit_flushed(wc);
+                               wc_unlock(wc);
+                               wc_lock(wc);
+                               n_walked = 0;
+                       }
+               } while (++i < wb->wc_list_n);
+
+               if (wb->wc_list != wb->wc_list_inline)
+                       kfree(wb->wc_list);
+               bio_put(&wb->bio);
+       } while (!list_empty(list));
+}
+
+static void __writecache_endio_ssd(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct list_head *list)
+{
+       struct copy_struct *c;
+       struct wc_entry *e;
+
+       do {
+               c = list_entry(list->next, struct copy_struct, endio_entry);
+               list_del(&c->endio_entry);
+
+               if (unlikely(c->error))
+                       writecache_error(wc, c->error, "copy error");
+
+               e = c->e;
+               do {
+                       BUG_ON(!e->write_in_progress);
+                       e->write_in_progress = false;
+                       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&e->lru);
+                       if (!writecache_has_error(wc))
+                               writecache_free_entry(wc, e);
+
+                       BUG_ON(!wc->writeback_size);
+                       wc->writeback_size--;
+                       e++;
+               } while (--c->n_entries);
+               mempool_free(c, &wc->copy_pool);
+       } while (!list_empty(list));
+}
+
+static int writecache_endio_thread(void *data)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = data;
+
+       while (1) {
+               struct list_head list;
+
+               raw_spin_lock_irq(&wc->endio_list_lock);
+               if (!list_empty(&wc->endio_list))
+                       goto pop_from_list;
+               set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+               raw_spin_unlock_irq(&wc->endio_list_lock);
+
+               if (unlikely(kthread_should_stop())) {
+                       set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               schedule();
+
+               continue;
+
+pop_from_list:
+               list = wc->endio_list;
+               list.next->prev = list.prev->next = &list;
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wc->endio_list);
+               raw_spin_unlock_irq(&wc->endio_list_lock);
+
+               if (!WC_MODE_FUA(wc))
+                       writecache_disk_flush(wc, wc->dev);
+
+               wc_lock(wc);
+
+               if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+                       __writecache_endio_pmem(wc, &list);
+               } else {
+                       __writecache_endio_ssd(wc, &list);
+                       writecache_wait_for_ios(wc, READ);
+               }
+
+               writecache_commit_flushed(wc);
+
+               wc_unlock(wc);
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static bool wc_add_block(struct writeback_struct *wb, struct wc_entry *e, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = wb->wc;
+       unsigned block_size = wc->block_size;
+       void *address = memory_data(wc, e);
+
+       persistent_memory_flush_cache(address, block_size);
+       return bio_add_page(&wb->bio, persistent_memory_page(address),
+                           block_size, persistent_memory_page_offset(address)) != 0;
+}
+
+struct writeback_list {
+       struct list_head list;
+       size_t size;
+};
+
+static void __writeback_throttle(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct writeback_list *wbl)
+{
+       if (unlikely(wc->max_writeback_jobs)) {
+               if (READ_ONCE(wc->writeback_size) - wbl->size >= wc->max_writeback_jobs) {
+                       wc_lock(wc);
+                       while (wc->writeback_size - wbl->size >= wc->max_writeback_jobs)
+                               writecache_wait_on_freelist(wc);
+                       wc_unlock(wc);
+               }
+       }
+       cond_resched();
+}
+
+static void __writecache_writeback_pmem(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct writeback_list *wbl)
+{
+       struct wc_entry *e, *f;
+       struct bio *bio;
+       struct writeback_struct *wb;
+       unsigned max_pages;
+
+       while (wbl->size) {
+               wbl->size--;
+               e = container_of(wbl->list.prev, struct wc_entry, lru);
+               list_del(&e->lru);
+
+               max_pages = e->wc_list_contiguous;
+
+               bio = bio_alloc_bioset(GFP_NOIO, max_pages, &wc->bio_set);
+               wb = container_of(bio, struct writeback_struct, bio);
+               wb->wc = wc;
+               wb->bio.bi_end_io = writecache_writeback_endio;
+               bio_set_dev(&wb->bio, wc->dev->bdev);
+               wb->bio.bi_iter.bi_sector = read_original_sector(wc, e);
+               wb->page_offset = PAGE_SIZE;
+               if (max_pages <= WB_LIST_INLINE ||
+                   unlikely(!(wb->wc_list = kmalloc(max_pages * sizeof(struct wc_entry *),
+                                                    GFP_NOIO | __GFP_NORETRY |
+                                                    __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN)))) {
+                       wb->wc_list = wb->wc_list_inline;
+                       max_pages = WB_LIST_INLINE;
+               }
+
+               BUG_ON(!wc_add_block(wb, e, GFP_NOIO));
+
+               wb->wc_list[0] = e;
+               wb->wc_list_n = 1;
+
+               while (wbl->size && wb->wc_list_n < max_pages) {
+                       f = container_of(wbl->list.prev, struct wc_entry, lru);
+                       if (read_original_sector(wc, f) !=
+                           read_original_sector(wc, e) + (wc->block_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT))
+                               break;
+                       if (!wc_add_block(wb, f, GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_NOWARN))
+                               break;
+                       wbl->size--;
+                       list_del(&f->lru);
+                       wb->wc_list[wb->wc_list_n++] = f;
+                       e = f;
+               }
+               bio_set_op_attrs(&wb->bio, REQ_OP_WRITE, WC_MODE_FUA(wc) * REQ_FUA);
+               if (writecache_has_error(wc)) {
+                       bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
+                       bio_endio(&wb->bio);
+               } else {
+                       submit_bio(&wb->bio);
+               }
+
+               __writeback_throttle(wc, wbl);
+       }
+}
+
+static void __writecache_writeback_ssd(struct dm_writecache *wc, struct writeback_list *wbl)
+{
+       struct wc_entry *e, *f;
+       struct dm_io_region from, to;
+       struct copy_struct *c;
+
+       while (wbl->size) {
+               unsigned n_sectors;
+
+               wbl->size--;
+               e = container_of(wbl->list.prev, struct wc_entry, lru);
+               list_del(&e->lru);
+
+               n_sectors = e->wc_list_contiguous << (wc->block_size_bits - SECTOR_SHIFT);
+
+               from.bdev = wc->ssd_dev->bdev;
+               from.sector = cache_sector(wc, e);
+               from.count = n_sectors;
+               to.bdev = wc->dev->bdev;
+               to.sector = read_original_sector(wc, e);
+               to.count = n_sectors;
+
+               c = mempool_alloc(&wc->copy_pool, GFP_NOIO);
+               c->wc = wc;
+               c->e = e;
+               c->n_entries = e->wc_list_contiguous;
+
+               while ((n_sectors -= wc->block_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT)) {
+                       wbl->size--;
+                       f = container_of(wbl->list.prev, struct wc_entry, lru);
+                       BUG_ON(f != e + 1);
+                       list_del(&f->lru);
+                       e = f;
+               }
+
+               dm_kcopyd_copy(wc->dm_kcopyd, &from, 1, &to, 0, writecache_copy_endio, c);
+
+               __writeback_throttle(wc, wbl);
+       }
+}
+
+static void writecache_writeback(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = container_of(work, struct dm_writecache, writeback_work);
+       struct blk_plug plug;
+       struct wc_entry *e, *f, *g;
+       struct rb_node *node, *next_node;
+       struct list_head skipped;
+       struct writeback_list wbl;
+       unsigned long n_walked;
+
+       wc_lock(wc);
+restart:
+       if (writecache_has_error(wc)) {
+               wc_unlock(wc);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (unlikely(wc->writeback_all)) {
+               if (writecache_wait_for_writeback(wc))
+                       goto restart;
+       }
+
+       if (wc->overwrote_committed) {
+               writecache_wait_for_ios(wc, WRITE);
+       }
+
+       n_walked = 0;
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&skipped);
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wbl.list);
+       wbl.size = 0;
+       while (!list_empty(&wc->lru) &&
+              (wc->writeback_all ||
+               wc->freelist_size + wc->writeback_size <= wc->freelist_low_watermark)) {
+
+               n_walked++;
+               if (unlikely(n_walked > WRITEBACK_LATENCY) &&
+                   likely(!wc->writeback_all) && likely(!dm_suspended(wc->ti))) {
+                       queue_work(wc->writeback_wq, &wc->writeback_work);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               e = container_of(wc->lru.prev, struct wc_entry, lru);
+               BUG_ON(e->write_in_progress);
+               if (unlikely(!writecache_entry_is_committed(wc, e))) {
+                       writecache_flush(wc);
+               }
+               node = rb_prev(&e->rb_node);
+               if (node) {
+                       f = container_of(node, struct wc_entry, rb_node);
+                       if (unlikely(read_original_sector(wc, f) ==
+                                    read_original_sector(wc, e))) {
+                               BUG_ON(!f->write_in_progress);
+                               list_del(&e->lru);
+                               list_add(&e->lru, &skipped);
+                               cond_resched();
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }
+               wc->writeback_size++;
+               list_del(&e->lru);
+               list_add(&e->lru, &wbl.list);
+               wbl.size++;
+               e->write_in_progress = true;
+               e->wc_list_contiguous = 1;
+
+               f = e;
+
+               while (1) {
+                       next_node = rb_next(&f->rb_node);
+                       if (unlikely(!next_node))
+                               break;
+                       g = container_of(next_node, struct wc_entry, rb_node);
+                       if (read_original_sector(wc, g) ==
+                           read_original_sector(wc, f)) {
+                               f = g;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if (read_original_sector(wc, g) !=
+                           read_original_sector(wc, f) + (wc->block_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT))
+                               break;
+                       if (unlikely(g->write_in_progress))
+                               break;
+                       if (unlikely(!writecache_entry_is_committed(wc, g)))
+                               break;
+
+                       if (!WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+                               if (g != f + 1)
+                                       break;
+                       }
+
+                       n_walked++;
+                       //if (unlikely(n_walked > WRITEBACK_LATENCY) && likely(!wc->writeback_all))
+                       //      break;
+
+                       wc->writeback_size++;
+                       list_del(&g->lru);
+                       list_add(&g->lru, &wbl.list);
+                       wbl.size++;
+                       g->write_in_progress = true;
+                       g->wc_list_contiguous = BIO_MAX_PAGES;
+                       f = g;
+                       e->wc_list_contiguous++;
+                       if (unlikely(e->wc_list_contiguous == BIO_MAX_PAGES))
+                               break;
+               }
+               cond_resched();
+       }
+
+       if (!list_empty(&skipped)) {
+               list_splice_tail(&skipped, &wc->lru);
+               /*
+                * If we didn't do any progress, we must wait until some
+                * writeback finishes to avoid burning CPU in a loop
+                */
+               if (unlikely(!wbl.size))
+                       writecache_wait_for_writeback(wc);
+       }
+
+       wc_unlock(wc);
+
+       blk_start_plug(&plug);
+
+       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc))
+               __writecache_writeback_pmem(wc, &wbl);
+       else
+               __writecache_writeback_ssd(wc, &wbl);
+
+       blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+
+       if (unlikely(wc->writeback_all)) {
+               wc_lock(wc);
+               while (writecache_wait_for_writeback(wc));
+               wc_unlock(wc);
+       }
+}
+
+static int calculate_memory_size(uint64_t device_size, unsigned block_size,
+                                size_t *n_blocks_p, size_t *n_metadata_blocks_p)
+{
+       uint64_t n_blocks, offset;
+       struct wc_entry e;
+
+       n_blocks = device_size;
+       do_div(n_blocks, block_size + sizeof(struct wc_memory_entry));
+
+       while (1) {
+               if (!n_blocks)
+                       return -ENOSPC;
+               /* Verify the following entries[n_blocks] won't overflow */
+               if (n_blocks >= ((size_t)-sizeof(struct wc_memory_superblock) /
+                                sizeof(struct wc_memory_entry)))
+                       return -EFBIG;
+               offset = offsetof(struct wc_memory_superblock, entries[n_blocks]);
+               offset = (offset + block_size - 1) & ~(uint64_t)(block_size - 1);
+               if (offset + n_blocks * block_size <= device_size)
+                       break;
+               n_blocks--;
+       }
+
+       /* check if the bit field overflows */
+       e.index = n_blocks;
+       if (e.index != n_blocks)
+               return -EFBIG;
+
+       if (n_blocks_p)
+               *n_blocks_p = n_blocks;
+       if (n_metadata_blocks_p)
+               *n_metadata_blocks_p = offset >> __ffs(block_size);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int init_memory(struct dm_writecache *wc)
+{
+       size_t b;
+       int r;
+
+       r = calculate_memory_size(wc->memory_map_size, wc->block_size, &wc->n_blocks, NULL);
+       if (r)
+               return r;
+
+       r = writecache_alloc_entries(wc);
+       if (r)
+               return r;
+
+       for (b = 0; b < ARRAY_SIZE(sb(wc)->padding); b++)
+               pmem_assign(sb(wc)->padding[b], cpu_to_le64(0));
+       pmem_assign(sb(wc)->version, cpu_to_le32(MEMORY_SUPERBLOCK_VERSION));
+       pmem_assign(sb(wc)->block_size, cpu_to_le32(wc->block_size));
+       pmem_assign(sb(wc)->n_blocks, cpu_to_le64(wc->n_blocks));
+       pmem_assign(sb(wc)->seq_count, cpu_to_le64(0));
+
+       for (b = 0; b < wc->n_blocks; b++)
+               write_original_sector_seq_count(wc, &wc->entries[b], -1, -1);
+
+       writecache_flush_all_metadata(wc);
+       writecache_commit_flushed(wc);
+       pmem_assign(sb(wc)->magic, cpu_to_le32(MEMORY_SUPERBLOCK_MAGIC));
+       writecache_flush_region(wc, &sb(wc)->magic, sizeof sb(wc)->magic);
+       writecache_commit_flushed(wc);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void writecache_dtr(struct dm_target *ti)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = ti->private;
+
+       if (!wc)
+               return;
+
+       if (wc->endio_thread)
+               kthread_stop(wc->endio_thread);
+
+       if (wc->flush_thread)
+               kthread_stop(wc->flush_thread);
+
+       bioset_exit(&wc->bio_set);
+
+       mempool_exit(&wc->copy_pool);
+
+       if (wc->writeback_wq)
+               destroy_workqueue(wc->writeback_wq);
+
+       if (wc->dev)
+               dm_put_device(ti, wc->dev);
+
+       if (wc->ssd_dev)
+               dm_put_device(ti, wc->ssd_dev);
+
+       if (wc->entries)
+               vfree(wc->entries);
+
+       if (wc->memory_map) {
+               if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc))
+                       persistent_memory_release(wc);
+               else
+                       vfree(wc->memory_map);
+       }
+
+       if (wc->dm_kcopyd)
+               dm_kcopyd_client_destroy(wc->dm_kcopyd);
+
+       if (wc->dm_io)
+               dm_io_client_destroy(wc->dm_io);
+
+       if (wc->dirty_bitmap)
+               vfree(wc->dirty_bitmap);
+
+       kfree(wc);
+}
+
+static int writecache_ctr(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned argc, char **argv)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc;
+       struct dm_arg_set as;
+       const char *string;
+       unsigned opt_params;
+       size_t offset, data_size;
+       int i, r;
+       char dummy;
+       int high_wm_percent = HIGH_WATERMARK;
+       int low_wm_percent = LOW_WATERMARK;
+       uint64_t x;
+       struct wc_memory_superblock s;
+
+       static struct dm_arg _args[] = {
+               {0, 10, "Invalid number of feature args"},
+       };
+
+       as.argc = argc;
+       as.argv = argv;
+
+       wc = kzalloc(sizeof(struct dm_writecache), GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (!wc) {
+               ti->error = "Cannot allocate writecache structure";
+               r = -ENOMEM;
+               goto bad;
+       }
+       ti->private = wc;
+       wc->ti = ti;
+
+       mutex_init(&wc->lock);
+       writecache_poison_lists(wc);
+       init_waitqueue_head(&wc->freelist_wait);
+       timer_setup(&wc->autocommit_timer, writecache_autocommit_timer, 0);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+               atomic_set(&wc->bio_in_progress[i], 0);
+               init_waitqueue_head(&wc->bio_in_progress_wait[i]);
+       }
+
+       wc->dm_io = dm_io_client_create();
+       if (IS_ERR(wc->dm_io)) {
+               r = PTR_ERR(wc->dm_io);
+               ti->error = "Unable to allocate dm-io client";
+               wc->dm_io = NULL;
+               goto bad;
+       }
+
+       wc->writeback_wq = alloc_workqueue("writecache-writeabck", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 1);
+       if (!wc->writeback_wq) {
+               r = -ENOMEM;
+               ti->error = "Could not allocate writeback workqueue";
+               goto bad;
+       }
+       INIT_WORK(&wc->writeback_work, writecache_writeback);
+       INIT_WORK(&wc->flush_work, writecache_flush_work);
+
+       raw_spin_lock_init(&wc->endio_list_lock);
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&wc->endio_list);
+       wc->endio_thread = kthread_create(writecache_endio_thread, wc, "writecache_endio");
+       if (IS_ERR(wc->endio_thread)) {
+               r = PTR_ERR(wc->endio_thread);
+               wc->endio_thread = NULL;
+               ti->error = "Couldn't spawn endio thread";
+               goto bad;
+       }
+       wake_up_process(wc->endio_thread);
+
+       /*
+        * Parse the mode (pmem or ssd)
+        */
+       string = dm_shift_arg(&as);
+       if (!string)
+               goto bad_arguments;
+
+       if (!strcasecmp(string, "s")) {
+               wc->pmem_mode = false;
+       } else if (!strcasecmp(string, "p")) {
+#ifdef DM_WRITECACHE_HAS_PMEM
+               wc->pmem_mode = true;
+               wc->writeback_fua = true;
+#else
+               /*
+                * If the architecture doesn't support persistent memory or
+                * the kernel doesn't support any DAX drivers, this driver can
+                * only be used in SSD-only mode.
+                */
+               r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+               ti->error = "Persistent memory or DAX not supported on this system";
+               goto bad;
+#endif
+       } else {
+               goto bad_arguments;
+       }
+
+       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+               r = bioset_init(&wc->bio_set, BIO_POOL_SIZE,
+                               offsetof(struct writeback_struct, bio),
+                               BIOSET_NEED_BVECS);
+               if (r) {
+                       ti->error = "Could not allocate bio set";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+       } else {
+               r = mempool_init_kmalloc_pool(&wc->copy_pool, 1, sizeof(struct copy_struct));
+               if (r) {
+                       ti->error = "Could not allocate mempool";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Parse the origin data device
+        */
+       string = dm_shift_arg(&as);
+       if (!string)
+               goto bad_arguments;
+       r = dm_get_device(ti, string, dm_table_get_mode(ti->table), &wc->dev);
+       if (r) {
+               ti->error = "Origin data device lookup failed";
+               goto bad;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Parse cache data device (be it pmem or ssd)
+        */
+       string = dm_shift_arg(&as);
+       if (!string)
+               goto bad_arguments;
+
+       r = dm_get_device(ti, string, dm_table_get_mode(ti->table), &wc->ssd_dev);
+       if (r) {
+               ti->error = "Cache data device lookup failed";
+               goto bad;
+       }
+       wc->memory_map_size = i_size_read(wc->ssd_dev->bdev->bd_inode);
+
+       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+               r = persistent_memory_claim(wc);
+               if (r) {
+                       ti->error = "Unable to map persistent memory for cache";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Parse the cache block size
+        */
+       string = dm_shift_arg(&as);
+       if (!string)
+               goto bad_arguments;
+       if (sscanf(string, "%u%c", &wc->block_size, &dummy) != 1 ||
+           wc->block_size < 512 || wc->block_size > PAGE_SIZE ||
+           (wc->block_size & (wc->block_size - 1))) {
+               r = -EINVAL;
+               ti->error = "Invalid block size";
+               goto bad;
+       }
+       wc->block_size_bits = __ffs(wc->block_size);
+
+       wc->max_writeback_jobs = MAX_WRITEBACK_JOBS;
+       wc->autocommit_blocks = !WC_MODE_PMEM(wc) ? AUTOCOMMIT_BLOCKS_SSD : AUTOCOMMIT_BLOCKS_PMEM;
+       wc->autocommit_jiffies = msecs_to_jiffies(AUTOCOMMIT_MSEC);
+
+       /*
+        * Parse optional arguments
+        */
+       r = dm_read_arg_group(_args, &as, &opt_params, &ti->error);
+       if (r)
+               goto bad;
+
+       while (opt_params) {
+               string = dm_shift_arg(&as), opt_params--;
+               if (!strcasecmp(string, "high_watermark") && opt_params >= 1) {
+                       string = dm_shift_arg(&as), opt_params--;
+                       if (sscanf(string, "%d%c", &high_wm_percent, &dummy) != 1)
+                               goto invalid_optional;
+                       if (high_wm_percent < 0 || high_wm_percent > 100)
+                               goto invalid_optional;
+                       wc->high_wm_percent_set = true;
+               } else if (!strcasecmp(string, "low_watermark") && opt_params >= 1) {
+                       string = dm_shift_arg(&as), opt_params--;
+                       if (sscanf(string, "%d%c", &low_wm_percent, &dummy) != 1)
+                               goto invalid_optional;
+                       if (low_wm_percent < 0 || low_wm_percent > 100)
+                               goto invalid_optional;
+                       wc->low_wm_percent_set = true;
+               } else if (!strcasecmp(string, "writeback_jobs") && opt_params >= 1) {
+                       string = dm_shift_arg(&as), opt_params--;
+                       if (sscanf(string, "%u%c", &wc->max_writeback_jobs, &dummy) != 1)
+                               goto invalid_optional;
+                       wc->max_writeback_jobs_set = true;
+               } else if (!strcasecmp(string, "autocommit_blocks") && opt_params >= 1) {
+                       string = dm_shift_arg(&as), opt_params--;
+                       if (sscanf(string, "%u%c", &wc->autocommit_blocks, &dummy) != 1)
+                               goto invalid_optional;
+                       wc->autocommit_blocks_set = true;
+               } else if (!strcasecmp(string, "autocommit_time") && opt_params >= 1) {
+                       unsigned autocommit_msecs;
+                       string = dm_shift_arg(&as), opt_params--;
+                       if (sscanf(string, "%u%c", &autocommit_msecs, &dummy) != 1)
+                               goto invalid_optional;
+                       if (autocommit_msecs > 3600000)
+                               goto invalid_optional;
+                       wc->autocommit_jiffies = msecs_to_jiffies(autocommit_msecs);
+                       wc->autocommit_time_set = true;
+               } else if (!strcasecmp(string, "fua")) {
+                       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+                               wc->writeback_fua = true;
+                               wc->writeback_fua_set = true;
+                       } else goto invalid_optional;
+               } else if (!strcasecmp(string, "nofua")) {
+                       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+                               wc->writeback_fua = false;
+                               wc->writeback_fua_set = true;
+                       } else goto invalid_optional;
+               } else {
+invalid_optional:
+                       r = -EINVAL;
+                       ti->error = "Invalid optional argument";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (high_wm_percent < low_wm_percent) {
+               r = -EINVAL;
+               ti->error = "High watermark must be greater than or equal to low watermark";
+               goto bad;
+       }
+
+       if (!WC_MODE_PMEM(wc)) {
+               struct dm_io_region region;
+               struct dm_io_request req;
+               size_t n_blocks, n_metadata_blocks;
+               uint64_t n_bitmap_bits;
+
+               bio_list_init(&wc->flush_list);
+               wc->flush_thread = kthread_create(writecache_flush_thread, wc, "dm_writecache_flush");
+               if (IS_ERR(wc->flush_thread)) {
+                       r = PTR_ERR(wc->flush_thread);
+                       wc->flush_thread = NULL;
+                       ti->error = "Couldn't spawn endio thread";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+               wake_up_process(wc->flush_thread);
+
+               r = calculate_memory_size(wc->memory_map_size, wc->block_size,
+                                         &n_blocks, &n_metadata_blocks);
+               if (r) {
+                       ti->error = "Invalid device size";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+
+               n_bitmap_bits = (((uint64_t)n_metadata_blocks << wc->block_size_bits) +
+                                BITMAP_GRANULARITY - 1) / BITMAP_GRANULARITY;
+               /* this is limitation of test_bit functions */
+               if (n_bitmap_bits > 1U << 31) {
+                       r = -EFBIG;
+                       ti->error = "Invalid device size";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+
+               wc->memory_map = vmalloc(n_metadata_blocks << wc->block_size_bits);
+               if (!wc->memory_map) {
+                       r = -ENOMEM;
+                       ti->error = "Unable to allocate memory for metadata";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+
+               wc->dm_kcopyd = dm_kcopyd_client_create(&dm_kcopyd_throttle);
+               if (IS_ERR(wc->dm_kcopyd)) {
+                       r = PTR_ERR(wc->dm_kcopyd);
+                       ti->error = "Unable to allocate dm-kcopyd client";
+                       wc->dm_kcopyd = NULL;
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+
+               wc->metadata_sectors = n_metadata_blocks << (wc->block_size_bits - SECTOR_SHIFT);
+               wc->dirty_bitmap_size = (n_bitmap_bits + BITS_PER_LONG - 1) /
+                       BITS_PER_LONG * sizeof(unsigned long);
+               wc->dirty_bitmap = vzalloc(wc->dirty_bitmap_size);
+               if (!wc->dirty_bitmap) {
+                       r = -ENOMEM;
+                       ti->error = "Unable to allocate dirty bitmap";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+
+               region.bdev = wc->ssd_dev->bdev;
+               region.sector = 0;
+               region.count = wc->metadata_sectors;
+               req.bi_op = REQ_OP_READ;
+               req.bi_op_flags = REQ_SYNC;
+               req.mem.type = DM_IO_VMA;
+               req.mem.ptr.vma = (char *)wc->memory_map;
+               req.client = wc->dm_io;
+               req.notify.fn = NULL;
+
+               r = dm_io(&req, 1, &region, NULL);
+               if (r) {
+                       ti->error = "Unable to read metadata";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+       }
+
+       r = memcpy_mcsafe(&s, sb(wc), sizeof(struct wc_memory_superblock));
+       if (r) {
+               ti->error = "Hardware memory error when reading superblock";
+               goto bad;
+       }
+       if (!le32_to_cpu(s.magic) && !le32_to_cpu(s.version)) {
+               r = init_memory(wc);
+               if (r) {
+                       ti->error = "Unable to initialize device";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+               r = memcpy_mcsafe(&s, sb(wc), sizeof(struct wc_memory_superblock));
+               if (r) {
+                       ti->error = "Hardware memory error when reading superblock";
+                       goto bad;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (le32_to_cpu(s.magic) != MEMORY_SUPERBLOCK_MAGIC) {
+               ti->error = "Invalid magic in the superblock";
+               r = -EINVAL;
+               goto bad;
+       }
+
+       if (le32_to_cpu(s.version) != MEMORY_SUPERBLOCK_VERSION) {
+               ti->error = "Invalid version in the superblock";
+               r = -EINVAL;
+               goto bad;
+       }
+
+       if (le32_to_cpu(s.block_size) != wc->block_size) {
+               ti->error = "Block size does not match superblock";
+               r = -EINVAL;
+               goto bad;
+       }
+
+       wc->n_blocks = le64_to_cpu(s.n_blocks);
+
+       offset = wc->n_blocks * sizeof(struct wc_memory_entry);
+       if (offset / sizeof(struct wc_memory_entry) != le64_to_cpu(sb(wc)->n_blocks)) {
+overflow:
+               ti->error = "Overflow in size calculation";
+               r = -EINVAL;
+               goto bad;
+       }
+       offset += sizeof(struct wc_memory_superblock);
+       if (offset < sizeof(struct wc_memory_superblock))
+               goto overflow;
+       offset = (offset + wc->block_size - 1) & ~(size_t)(wc->block_size - 1);
+       data_size = wc->n_blocks * (size_t)wc->block_size;
+       if (!offset || (data_size / wc->block_size != wc->n_blocks) ||
+           (offset + data_size < offset))
+               goto overflow;
+       if (offset + data_size > wc->memory_map_size) {
+               ti->error = "Memory area is too small";
+               r = -EINVAL;
+               goto bad;
+       }
+
+       wc->metadata_sectors = offset >> SECTOR_SHIFT;
+       wc->block_start = (char *)sb(wc) + offset;
+
+       x = (uint64_t)wc->n_blocks * (100 - high_wm_percent);
+       x += 50;
+       do_div(x, 100);
+       wc->freelist_high_watermark = x;
+       x = (uint64_t)wc->n_blocks * (100 - low_wm_percent);
+       x += 50;
+       do_div(x, 100);
+       wc->freelist_low_watermark = x;
+
+       r = writecache_alloc_entries(wc);
+       if (r) {
+               ti->error = "Cannot allocate memory";
+               goto bad;
+       }
+
+       ti->num_flush_bios = 1;
+       ti->flush_supported = true;
+       ti->num_discard_bios = 1;
+
+       if (WC_MODE_PMEM(wc))
+               persistent_memory_flush_cache(wc->memory_map, wc->memory_map_size);
+
+       return 0;
+
+bad_arguments:
+       r = -EINVAL;
+       ti->error = "Bad arguments";
+bad:
+       writecache_dtr(ti);
+       return r;
+}
+
+static void writecache_status(struct dm_target *ti, status_type_t type,
+                             unsigned status_flags, char *result, unsigned maxlen)
+{
+       struct dm_writecache *wc = ti->private;
+       unsigned extra_args;
+       unsigned sz = 0;
+       uint64_t x;
+
+       switch (type) {
+       case STATUSTYPE_INFO:
+               DMEMIT("%ld %llu %llu %llu", writecache_has_error(wc),
+                      (unsigned long long)wc->n_blocks, (unsigned long long)wc->freelist_size,
+                      (unsigned long long)wc->writeback_size);
+               break;
+       case STATUSTYPE_TABLE:
+               DMEMIT("%c %s %s %u ", WC_MODE_PMEM(wc) ? 'p' : 's',
+                               wc->dev->name, wc->ssd_dev->name, wc->block_size);
+               extra_args = 0;
+               if (wc->high_wm_percent_set)
+                       extra_args += 2;
+               if (wc->low_wm_percent_set)
+                       extra_args += 2;
+               if (wc->max_writeback_jobs_set)
+                       extra_args += 2;
+               if (wc->autocommit_blocks_set)
+                       extra_args += 2;
+               if (wc->autocommit_time_set)
+                       extra_args += 2;
+               if (wc->writeback_fua_set)
+                       extra_args++;
+
+               DMEMIT("%u", extra_args);
+               if (wc->high_wm_percent_set) {
+                       x = (uint64_t)wc->freelist_high_watermark * 100;
+                       x += wc->n_blocks / 2;
+                       do_div(x, (size_t)wc->n_blocks);
+                       DMEMIT(" high_watermark %u", 100 - (unsigned)x);
+               }
+               if (wc->low_wm_percent_set) {
+                       x = (uint64_t)wc->freelist_low_watermark * 100;
+                       x += wc->n_blocks / 2;
+                       do_div(x, (size_t)wc->n_blocks);
+                       DMEMIT(" low_watermark %u", 100 - (unsigned)x);
+               }
+               if (wc->max_writeback_jobs_set)
+                       DMEMIT(" writeback_jobs %u", wc->max_writeback_jobs);
+               if (wc->autocommit_blocks_set)
+                       DMEMIT(" autocommit_blocks %u", wc->autocommit_blocks);
+               if (wc->autocommit_time_set)
+                       DMEMIT(" autocommit_time %u", jiffies_to_msecs(wc->autocommit_jiffies));
+               if (wc->writeback_fua_set)
+                       DMEMIT(" %sfua", wc->writeback_fua ? "" : "no");
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+static struct target_type writecache_target = {
+       .name                   = "writecache",
+       .version                = {1, 0, 0},
+       .module                 = THIS_MODULE,
+       .ctr                    = writecache_ctr,
+       .dtr                    = writecache_dtr,
+       .status                 = writecache_status,
+       .postsuspend            = writecache_suspend,
+       .resume                 = writecache_resume,
+       .message                = writecache_message,
+       .map                    = writecache_map,
+       .end_io                 = writecache_end_io,
+       .iterate_devices        = writecache_iterate_devices,
+       .io_hints               = writecache_io_hints,
+};
+
+static int __init dm_writecache_init(void)
+{
+       int r;
+
+       r = dm_register_target(&writecache_target);
+       if (r < 0) {
+               DMERR("register failed %d", r);
+               return r;
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void __exit dm_writecache_exit(void)
+{
+       dm_unregister_target(&writecache_target);
+}
+
+module_init(dm_writecache_init);
+module_exit(dm_writecache_exit);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DM_NAME " writecache target");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Mikulas Patocka <dm-devel@redhat.com>");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
index 30602d1..3c0e45f 100644 (file)
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ struct dmz_target {
        struct dmz_reclaim      *reclaim;
 
        /* For chunk work */
-       struct mutex            chunk_lock;
        struct radix_tree_root  chunk_rxtree;
        struct workqueue_struct *chunk_wq;
+       struct mutex            chunk_lock;
 
        /* For cloned BIOs to zones */
        struct bio_set          bio_set;