use DB_File ;
my %hash ;
- my $filename = "/tmp/filt" ;
+ my $filename = "filt" ;
unlink $filename ;
my $db = tie %hash, 'DB_File', $filename, O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0666, $DB_HASH
use strict ;
use DB_File ;
my %hash ;
- my $filename = "/tmp/filt" ;
+ my $filename = "filt" ;
unlink $filename ;
The locking technique went like this.
- $db = tie(%db, 'DB_File', '/tmp/foo.db', O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0666)
- || die "dbcreat /tmp/foo.db $!";
+ $db = tie(%db, 'DB_File', 'foo.db', O_CREAT|O_RDWR, 0644)
+ || die "dbcreat foo.db $!";
$fd = $db->fd;
open(DB_FH, "+<&=$fd") || die "dup $!";
flock (DB_FH, LOCK_EX) || die "flock: $!";
my $testnum = 181;
my $failed = 0;
-require POSIX; my $tmp = POSIX::tmpnam();
+my $tmp = "dbr$$";
foreach my $test (@tests) {
my $err = test_splice(@$test);
if (defined $err) {
}
if ($changes) {
- open(OUT,">/tmp/ppport.h.$$");
+ open(OUT,"ppport.h.$$");
print OUT $c;
close(OUT);
- open(DIFF, "diff -u $filename /tmp/ppport.h.$$|");
- while (<DIFF>) { s!/tmp/ppport\.h\.$$!$filename.patched!; print STDOUT; }
+ open(DIFF, "diff -u $filename ppport.h.$$|");
+ while (<DIFF>) { s!ppport\.h\.$$!$filename.patched!; print STDOUT; }
close(DIFF);
- unlink("/tmp/ppport.h.$$");
+ unlink("ppport.h.$$");
} else {
print "Looks OK\n";
}
elsif ($^O eq 'os2') {
require IO::Socket;
- eval {IO::Socket::pack_sockaddr_un('/tmp/foo') || 1}
+ eval {IO::Socket::pack_sockaddr_un('/foo/bar') || 1}
or $@ !~ /not implemented/ or
$reason = 'compiled without TCP/IP stack v4';
} elsif ($^O =~ m/^(?:qnx|nto|vos)$/ ) {
}
}
-$PATH = "/tmp/sock-$$";
+$PATH = "sock-$$";
# Test if we can create the file within the tmp directory
if (-e $PATH or not open(TEST, ">$PATH") and $^O ne 'os2') {
* Set DBM_BUG_DUPLICATE_FREE in the extension hint file.
*/
/* Close the previous dbm, and fail to open a new dbm */
-#define dbmclose() ((void) dbminit("/tmp/x/y/z/z/y"))
+#define dbmclose() ((void) dbminit("/non/exist/ent"))
#endif
#include <fcntl.h>
uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
-pathname on the filesystem which holds C</tmp/foo>.
+pathname on the filesystem which holds C</var/foo>.
- $fd = POSIX::open( "/tmp/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
+ $fd = POSIX::open( "/var/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
$path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
Returns C<undef> on failure.
Open a directory for reading.
- $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/tmp" );
+ $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/var" );
@files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
POSIX::closedir( $dir );
Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory.
The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
-pathname on the filesystem which holds C</tmp>.
+pathname on the filesystem which holds C</var>.
- $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/tmp", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
+ $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/var", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
Returns C<undef> on failure.
$proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
socket(Socket_Handle, PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, $proto);
- unlink('/tmp/usock');
- $sun = sockaddr_un('/tmp/usock');
+ unlink('/var/run/usock');
+ $sun = sockaddr_un('/var/run/usock');
connect(Socket_Handle,$sun);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
%color = ('Blue' => 0.1, 'Red' => 0.8, 'Black' => 0, 'White' => 1);
- store(\%color, '/tmp/colors') or die "Can't store %a in /tmp/colors!\n";
+ store(\%color, 'mycolors') or die "Can't store %a in mycolors!\n";
- $colref = retrieve('/tmp/colors');
- die "Unable to retrieve from /tmp/colors!\n" unless defined $colref;
+ $colref = retrieve('mycolors');
+ die "Unable to retrieve from mycolors!\n" unless defined $colref;
printf "Blue is still %lf\n", $colref->{'Blue'};
$colref2 = dclone(\%color);
# without changing it, and then I'd always forget to change it before a
# release. Sorry, Edward :)
-sub TMPDIR {
- my $TMPDIR =
- (grep(defined $_ && -d $_ && -w _,
- ((defined $ENV{'TMPDIR'} ? $ENV{'TMPDIR'} : undef),
- qw(/var/tmp /usr/tmp /tmp c:/temp))))[0];
- $TMPDIR || die "Cannot find writable temporary directory.\n";
-}
-
sub try_compile_and_link {
my ($c, %args) = @_;
my ($ok) = 0;
- my ($tmp) = (($^O eq 'VMS') ? "sys\$scratch:tmp$$" : TMPDIR() . '/' . "tmp$$");
+ my ($tmp) = "tmp$$";
local(*TMPC);
my $obj_ext = $Config{obj_ext} || ".o";
You may also retrieve cookies that were stored in some external
form using the parse() class method:
- $COOKIES = `cat /usr/tmp/Cookie_stash`;
+ $COOKIES = `cat /some/path/Cookie_stash`;
%cookies = parse CGI::Cookie($COOKIES);
If you are in a mod_perl environment, you can save some overhead by
The Makefile to be produced may be altered by adding arguments of the
form C<KEY=VALUE>. E.g.
- perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/tmp/myperl5
+ perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=~/myperl5
Other interesting targets in the generated Makefile are
This is the root directory into which the code will be installed. It
I<prepends itself to the normal prefix>. For example, if your code
-would normally go into /usr/local/lib/perl you could set DESTDIR=/tmp/
-and installation would go into /tmp/usr/local/lib/perl.
+would normally go into /usr/local/lib/perl you could set DESTDIR=/other/
+and installation would go into /other/usr/local/lib/perl.
This is primarily of use for people who repackage Perl modules.
NOTE: Due to the nature of make, it is important that you put the trailing
-slash on your DESTDIR. "/tmp/" not "/tmp".
+slash on your DESTDIR. "/other/" not "/other".
=item DIR
my($reply, $module) = @_;
my $file = (split(' ', $reply))[1];
- my $tmp = "/tmp/inst.$$";
if( !(defined $file and length $file) ) {
print "No tar file specified\n";
$_[0]+1;
}
-if (eval {require File::Spec::Functions}) {
- File::Spec::Functions->import('tmpdir', 'catfile');
- $tmpdir = tmpdir();
-} else {
- *catfile = sub { join '/', @_ };
- $tmpdir = $ENV{TMP} || $ENV{TMPDIR} || '/tmp';
-}
-$file = catfile($tmpdir, "md$$");
+$file = "md$$";
@files = ($file, "$file.db", "$file.dir", "$file.pag");
1 while unlink @files;
print "1..4\n";
-if (eval {require File::Spec::Functions}) {
- File::Spec::Functions->import();
-} else {
- *catfile = sub { join '/', @_ };
-}
-$tmpdir = $ENV{TMP} || $ENV{TMPDIR} || '/tmp';
-$file = catfile($tmpdir, "md$$");
+$file = "md$$";
1 while unlink $file, "$file.dir", "$file.pag";
tryout('GDBM_File', $file, 1); # Test 1..4
1 while unlink $file, "$file.dir", "$file.pag";
print "1..4\n";
-
-if (eval {require File::Spec::Functions}) {
- File::Spec::Functions->import();
-} else {
- *catfile = sub { join '/', @_ };
-}
-$tmpdir = $ENV{TMP} || $ENV{TMPDIR} || '/tmp';
-$file = catfile($tmpdir, "md$$");
+$file = "md$$";
1 while unlink $file, "$file.dir", "$file.pag";
tryout('Memoize::NDBM_File', $file, 1); # Test 1..4
1 while unlink $file, "$file.dir", "$file.pag";
print "1..4\n";
-if (eval {require File::Spec::Functions}) {
- File::Spec::Functions->import('tmpdir', 'catfile');
- $tmpdir = tmpdir();
-} else {
- *catfile = sub { join '/', @_ };
- $tmpdir = $ENV{TMP} || $ENV{TMPDIR} || '/tmp';
-}
-$file = catfile($tmpdir, "md$$");
+$file = "md$$";
1 while unlink $file, "$file.dir", "$file.pag";
if ( $^O eq 'VMS' ) {
1 while unlink "$file.sdbm_dir";
print "1..4\n";
-
-if (eval {require File::Spec::Functions}) {
- File::Spec::Functions->import();
-} else {
- *catfile = sub { join '/', @_ };
-}
-$tmpdir = $ENV{TMP} || $ENV{TMPDIR} || '/tmp';
-$file = catfile($tmpdir, "storable$$");
+$file = "storable$$";
1 while unlink $file;
tryout('Memoize::Storable', $file, 1); # Test 1..4
1 while unlink $file;
sub ps;
print ps -ww;
- cp("/etc/passwd", "/tmp/passwd");
+ cp("/etc/passwd", "/etc/passwd.orig");
That's maybe too gonzo. It actually exports an AUTOLOAD to the current
package (and uncovered a bug in Beta 3, by the way). Maybe the usual
# dependent upon. These variables MUST be defined using shell syntax.
#
# Example:
-# &dotsh ('/tmp/foo', 'arg1');
-# &dotsh ('/tmp/foo');
-# &dotsh ('/tmp/foo arg1 ... argN');
+# &dotsh ('/foo/bar', 'arg1');
+# &dotsh ('/foo/bar');
+# &dotsh ('/foo/bar arg1 ... argN');
#
sub dotsh {
local(@sh) = @_;
}
}
if (length($vars) > 0) {
- system "$shell \"$vars;. $command $args; set > /tmp/_sh_env$$\"";
+ open (_SH_ENV, "$shell \"$vars && . $command $args && set \" |") || die;
} else {
- system "$shell \". $command $args; set > /tmp/_sh_env$$\"";
+ open (_SH_ENV, "$shell \". $command $args && set \" |") || die;
}
- open (_SH_ENV, "/tmp/_sh_env$$") || die "Could not open /tmp/_sh_env$$!\n";
while (<_SH_ENV>) {
chop;
m/^([^=]*)=(.*)/s;
$ENV{$1} = $2;
}
close (_SH_ENV);
- system "rm -f /tmp/_sh_env$$";
foreach $key (keys(%ENV)) {
$tmp .= "\$$key = \$ENV{'$key'};" if $key =~ /^[A-Za-z]\w*$/;
# TTY - the TTY to use for debugging i/o.
#
# noTTY - if set, goes in NonStop mode. On interrupt if TTY is not set
-# uses the value of noTTY or "/tmp/perldbtty$$" to find TTY using
+# uses the value of noTTY or ".perldbtty$$" to find TTY using
# Term::Rendezvous. Current variant is to have the name of TTY in this
# file.
#
select($sel);
} else {
eval "require Term::Rendezvous;" or die;
- my $rv = $ENV{PERLDB_NOTTY} || "/tmp/perldbtty$$";
+ my $rv = $ENV{PERLDB_NOTTY} || ".perldbtty$$";
my $term_rv = new Term::Rendezvous $rv;
$IN = $term_rv->IN;
$OUT = $term_rv->OUT;
# I wanted to pipe this into awk, but it fell victim to a known pipe/streams
# bug on my multiprocessor machine.
-callci xeq linkedit.pub.sys \"$LIST\" >/tmp/nm.$$
+callci xeq linkedit.pub.sys \"$LIST\" >nm.$$
/bin/awk '\
/ data univ / { printf "%-20s|%10s|%-6s|%-7s|%s\n",$1,$5,"extern","data","?"} \
- / entry univ / { printf "%-20s|%10s|%-6s|%-7s|%s\n",$1,$7,"extern","entry","?"}' /tmp/nm.$$
+ / entry univ / { printf "%-20s|%10s|%-6s|%-7s|%s\n",$1,$7,"extern","entry","?"}' nm.$$
-rm -f /tmp/nm.$$
+rm -f nm.$$
exit 0
echo "Creating $RAND.sl...\n"
-TEMP=/tmp/perlmpe.$$
+TEMP=perlmpe.$$
rm -f $TEMP $RAND.a $RAND.sl
input=$1
output=$2
-tmp=/tmp/f$$
+tmp=perly$$
inputh=`echo $input|sed 's:\.c$:.h:'`
if grep '^#ifdef PERL_CORE' $inputh; then
If your file system supports symbolic links you can build Perl outside
of the source directory by
- mkdir /tmp/perl/build/directory
- cd /tmp/perl/build/directory
+ mkdir perl/build/directory
+ cd perl/build/directory
sh /path/to/perl/source/Configure -Dmksymlinks ...
-This will create in /tmp/perl/build/directory a tree of symbolic links
+This will create in perl/build/directory a tree of symbolic links
pointing to files in /path/to/perl/source. The original files are left
unaffected. After Configure has finished you can just say
make all test
-and Perl will be built and tested, all in /tmp/perl/build/directory.
+and Perl will be built and tested, all in perl/build/directory.
=back
If your file system supports symbolic links, you can build Perl outside
of the source directory by
- mkdir /tmp/perl/build/directory
- cd /tmp/perl/build/directory
+ mkdir perl/build/directory
+ cd perl/build/directory
sh /path/to/perl/source/Configure -Dmksymlinks ...
-This will create in /tmp/perl/build/directory a tree of symbolic links
+This will create in perl/build/directory a tree of symbolic links
pointing to files in /path/to/perl/source. The original files are left
unaffected. After Configure has finished, you can just say
make all test
-and Perl will be built and tested, all in /tmp/perl/build/directory.
+and Perl will be built and tested, all in perl/build/directory.
[561]
=item *
use Fcntl ;
my %hash ;
- my $filename = "/tmp/filt" ;
+ my $filename = "filt" ;
unlink $filename ;
my $db = tie(%hash, 'SDBM_File', $filename, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0640)
use warnings ;
use DB_File ;
my %hash ;
- my $filename = "/tmp/filt" ;
+ my $filename = "filt" ;
unlink $filename ;
with two methods: C<IN> and C<OUT>. These should return filehandles to use
for debugging input and output correspondingly. The C<new> method should
inspect an argument containing the value of C<$ENV{PERLDB_NOTTY}> at
-startup, or C<"/tmp/perldbtty$$"> otherwise. This file is not
+startup, or C<".perldbtty$$"> otherwise. This file is not
inspected for proper ownership, so security hazards are theoretically
possible.
my $count = 0;
until (defined(fileno(FH)) || $count++ > 100) {
$base_name =~ s/-(\d+)$/"-" . (1 + $1)/e;
+ # O_EXCL is required for security reasons.
sysopen(FH, $base_name, O_WRONLY|O_EXCL|O_CREAT);
}
if (defined(fileno(FH))
To open a file without blocking, creating if necessary:
- sysopen(FH, "/tmp/somefile", O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CREAT)
- or die "can't open /tmp/somefile: $!":
+ sysopen(FH, "/foo/somefile", O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CREAT)
+ or die "can't open /foo/somefile: $!":
Be warned that neither creation nor deletion of files is guaranteed to
be an atomic operation over NFS. That is, two processes might both
If you check L<perlfunc/open>, you'll see that several of the ways
to call open() should do the trick. For example:
- open(LOG, ">>/tmp/logfile");
+ open(LOG, ">>/foo/logfile");
open(STDERR, ">&LOG");
Or even with a literal numeric descriptor:
while (<PH>) { } # plus a read
To read both a command's STDOUT and its STDERR separately, it's easiest
-and safest to redirect them separately to files, and then read from those
-files when the program is done:
+to redirect them separately to files, and then read from those files
+when the program is done:
- system("program args 1>/tmp/program.stdout 2>/tmp/program.stderr");
+ system("program args 1>program.stdout 2>program.stderr");
Ordering is important in all these examples. That's because the shell
processes file descriptor redirections in strictly left to right order.
sysopen():
use Fcntl;
- sysopen(FH, "/tmp/somefile", O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CREAT, 0644)
- or die "can't open /tmp/somefile: $!":
+ sysopen(FH, "/foo/somefile", O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CREAT, 0644)
+ or die "can't open /foo/somefile: $!":
=head2 How do I install a module from CPAN?
open(ARTICLE, "caesar <$article |") # ditto
or die "Can't start caesar: $!";
- open(EXTRACT, "|sort >/tmp/Tmp$$") # $$ is our process id
+ open(EXTRACT, "|sort >Tmp$$") # $$ is our process id
or die "Can't start sort: $!";
# in memory files
use strict;
my ($rendezvous, $line);
- $rendezvous = shift || '/tmp/catsock';
+ $rendezvous = shift || 'catsock';
socket(SOCK, PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0) || die "socket: $!";
connect(SOCK, sockaddr_un($rendezvous)) || die "connect: $!";
while (defined($line = <SOCK>)) {
sub spawn; # forward declaration
sub logmsg { print "$0 $$: @_ at ", scalar localtime, "\n" }
- my $NAME = '/tmp/catsock';
+ my $NAME = 'catsock';
my $uaddr = sockaddr_un($NAME);
my $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
sub open {
my $path = shift ;
if ($path !~ m#^/#) {
- warnings::warn("changing relative path to /tmp/")
+ warnings::warn("changing relative path to /var/abc")
if warnings::enabled();
- $path = "/tmp/$path" ;
+ $path = "/var/abc/$path";
}
}
warn "time to die...";
exit;
-When run as F</tmp/test>, the following output is produced:
-
- starting program at /tmp/test line 18.
- CREATING SCALAR(0x8e5b8) at /tmp/test line 7.
- CREATING SCALAR(0x8e57c) at /tmp/test line 7.
- leaving block at /tmp/test line 23.
- DESTROYING Subtle=SCALAR(0x8e5b8) at /tmp/test line 13.
- just exited block at /tmp/test line 26.
- time to die... at /tmp/test line 27.
+When run as F</foo/test>, the following output is produced:
+
+ starting program at /foo/test line 18.
+ CREATING SCALAR(0x8e5b8) at /foo/test line 7.
+ CREATING SCALAR(0x8e57c) at /foo/test line 7.
+ leaving block at /foo/test line 23.
+ DESTROYING Subtle=SCALAR(0x8e5b8) at /foo/test line 13.
+ just exited block at /foo/test line 26.
+ time to die... at /foo/test line 27.
DESTROYING Subtle=SCALAR(0x8e57c) during global destruction.
Notice that "global destruction" bit there? That's the thread
$output = `cmd 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3 3>&-`;
To read both a command's STDOUT and its STDERR separately, it's easiest
-and safest to redirect them separately to files, and then read from those
-files when the program is done:
+to redirect them separately to files, and then read from those files
+when the program is done:
- system("program args 1>/tmp/program.stdout 2>/tmp/program.stderr");
+ system("program args 1>program.stdout 2>program.stderr");
Using single-quote as a delimiter protects the command from Perl's
double-quote interpolation, passing it on to the shell instead:
open(WTMP, "+< /usr/adm/wtmp")
|| die "can't open /usr/adm/wtmp: $!";
- open(SCREEN, "+> /tmp/lkscreen")
- || die "can't open /tmp/lkscreen: $!";
+ open(SCREEN, "+> lkscreen")
+ || die "can't open lkscreen: $!";
- open(LOGFILE, "+>> /tmp/applog"
- || die "can't open /tmp/applog: $!";
+ open(LOGFILE, "+>> /var/log/applog"
+ || die "can't open /var/log/applog: $!";
The first one won't create a new file, and the second one will always
clobber an old one. The third one will create a new file if necessary
$RCSID = '$Id: c2ph,v 1.7 95/10/28 10:41:47 tchrist Exp Locker: tchrist $';
+use File::Temp;
######################################################################
printf "%-16s%-15s %s\n", $var, eval "\$$var", $msg;
}
+sub safedir {
+ $SAFEDIR = File::Temp::tempdir("c2ph.XXXXXX", TMPDIR => 1, CLEANUP => 1)
+ unless (defined($SAFEDIR));
+}
+
+undef $SAFEDIR;
+
$recurse = 1;
if (@ARGV) {
}
elsif (@ARGV == 1 && $ARGV[0] =~ /\.c$/) {
local($dir, $file) = $ARGV[0] =~ m#(.*/)?(.*)$#;
- $chdir = "cd $dir; " if $dir;
+ $chdir = "cd $dir && " if $dir;
&system("$chdir$CC $CFLAGS $DEFINES $file") && exit 1;
$ARGV[0] =~ s/\.c$/.s/;
}
else {
- $TMPDIR = tempdir(CLEANUP => 1);
- $TMP = "$TMPDIR/c2ph.$$.c";
+ &safedir;
+ $TMP = "$SAFEDIR/c2ph.$$.c";
&system("cat @ARGV > $TMP") && exit 1;
- &system("cd $TMPDIR; $CC $CFLAGS $DEFINES $TMP") && exit 1;
+ &system("cd $SAFEDIR && $CC $CFLAGS $DEFINES $TMP") && exit 1;
unlink $TMP;
$TMP =~ s/\.c$/.s/;
@ARGV = ($TMP);
}
sub compute_intrinsics {
- $TMPDIR ||= tempdir(CLEANUP => 1);
- local($TMP) = "$TMPDIR/c2ph-i.$$.c";
+ &safedir;
+ local($TMP) = "$SAFEDIR/c2ph-i.$$.c";
open (TMP, ">$TMP") || die "can't open $TMP: $!";
select(TMP);
close TMP;
select(STDOUT);
- open(PIPE, "cd $TMPDIR && $CC $TMP && $TMPDIR/a.out|");
+ open(PIPE, "cd $SAFEDIR && $CC $TMP && $SAFEDIR/a.out|");
while (<PIPE>) {
chop;
split(' ',$_,2);;
$intrinsics{$_[1]} = $template{$_[0]};
}
close(PIPE) || die "couldn't read intrinsics!";
- unlink($TMP, '$TMPDIR/a.out');
+ unlink($TMP, '$SAFEDIR/a.out');
print STDERR "done\n" if $trace;
}
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