$Header$
$Log$
-Revision 1.50 1988/05/22 14:49:44 mcgrath
+Revision 1.51 1988/05/26 17:55:55 mcgrath
+* Removed built-in .? -> .s suffix rules.
+* Misc cleanup, etc.
+
+Revision 1.50 88/05/22 14:49:44 mcgrath
Major Beta release before release 2.0.
Revision 1.24 88/05/22 13:39:08 mcgrath
@item $(wildcard @var{pattern})
@findex wildcard
-The argument @var{pattern} is a file name pattern, typically
-containing wildcards characters. The result of @code{wildcard} is a
-space-separated list of the names of existing files that match the
-pattern.
-
-Wildcard are expanded automatically in rules (@pxref{Wildcards}). But
-it does not normally take place when a variable is set, or inside the
-arguments of other functions. Those occasions are when the
-@code{wildcard} function is useful.
+The argument @var{pattern} is a file name pattern, typically containing
+wildcard characters. The result of @code{wildcard} is a space-separated
+list of the names of existing files that match the pattern.
+
+Wildcards are expanded automatically in rules (@pxref{Wildcards}).
+But they are not normally expanded when a variable is set, or inside the
+arguments of other functions. Those occasions are when the @code{wildcard}
+function is useful.
@end table
@node Running, Implicit, Functions, Top
a several programs, with a makefile that starts like this:
@example
+.PHONY: all
all: size nm ld ar as
@end example
phony and empty target names:
@table @file
+@item all
+Make all the top-level targets the makefile knows about.
+
@item clean
Delete all files that the makefile could remake.
+@item clobber
+Delete absolutely everything the makefile could remake (whereas
+@samp{make clean} often leaves intact some files that might take a
+long time to remake).
+
@item install
Copy the executable file into a directory that users typically search for
commands.
@item tar
Create a tar file of the source files.
+
+@item shar
+Create a shell archive (shar file) of the source files.
@end table
@node Avoid Compilation, Instead of Execution, Goals, Running
variable when you override it.)
The variable @code{CFLAGS} is only one of many standard variables that
-exist just so that you can change them this way. @xref{Implicit
-Variables}, for a complete list.
+exist just so that you can change them this way.
+@xref{Implicit Variables}, for a complete list.
You can also program the makefile to look at additional variables of your
own, giving the user ability to control other aspects of how the makefile
@table @samp
@item -b
-This option is ignored for compatibility with other versions of
-@code{make}.
+This option is ignored for compatibility with other versions of @code{make}.
@item -c @var{dir}
Change to directory @var{dir} before executing the rules. If multiple
used is @samp{$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) @dots{} $(LOADLIBES)}.@refill
This rule does the right thing for a simple program with only one source
-file. In more complicated cases, you must write an explicit command for
-linking.
-
-@item Compiling C into assembler code
-@file{@var{n}.s} will be made automatically from @file{@var{n}.c}
-with the command @samp{$(CC) -S $(CFLAGS)}.@refill
-
-It would be possible for @code{make} to convert @file{@var{n}.c} into
-@file{@var{n}.o} by way of @file{@var{n}.s}, using this rule and the
-rule for running the assembler. But that is not what @code{make}
-does, because the rule for compiling @file{@var{n}.c} into
-@file{@var{n}.o} directly comes earlier in the order of rules. The
-upshot is that the file @file{@var{n}.s} is not created or changed
-when @file{@var{n}.o} is being remade. This rule is used only if you
-explicitly specify @file{@var{n}.s} as a goal or needed dependency.
-
-This is a deliberate decision, for the sake of compatibility with Unix
-@code{make}.@refill
-
-If you want @code{make} update @file{@var{n}.s} on the way to updating
-@file{@var{n}.o}, you can request this by canceling the other rule
-that allows direct compilation. @xref{Canceling Rules}.@refill
-
-@item Compiling Pascal, Fortran, EFL or Ratfor into assembler code
-@file{@var{n}.s} will be made automatically from @file{@var{n}.p},
-@file{@var{n}.e}, @file{@var{n}.r}, @file{@var{n}.F} or @file{@var{n}.F}
-by running the appropriate compiler with the @samp{-S} flag
-instead of the @samp{-c} flag.@refill
-
-For compatibility with Unix @code{make}, these rules apply only if you
-expressly request @code{make} to update @file{@var{n}.s}. See the
-information immediately above.
+file. It will also do the right thing if there are multiple object files
+(presumably coming from various other source files), the first of which has
+a name matching that of the executable file. Thus,
+
+@example
+x: y.o z.o
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+when @file{x.c}, @file{y.c} and @file{z.c} all exist will execute:
+
+@example
+cc -c x.c -o x.o
+cc -c y.c -o y.o
+cc -c z.c -o z.o
+cc x.o y.o z.o -o x
+rm -f x.o
+rm -f y.o
+rm -f z.o
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+In more complicated cases, you must write an explicit command for linking.
@item Yacc for C programs
@file{@var{n}.c} will be made automatically from @file{@var{n}.y} by
file named either @file{s.@var{n}} or @file{SCCS/s.@var{n}}. The
precise command used is @samp{$(GET) $(GFLAGS)}.
-I recommend that you avoid the use of SCCS. RCS is widely held to be
-superior, and RCS is also free. By choosing free software in place of
-comparable proprietary software, you support the free software
+We recommend that you avoid the use of SCCS. RCS is widely held to be
+superior, and is also free. By choosing free software in place of
+comparable (or lesser) proprietary software, you support the free software
movement.
@end table
@item FC
@vindex FC
-Program for compiling or preprocessing Fortran programs (or Ratfor or
-EFL programs); default @samp{f77}.
+Program for compiling or preprocessing Fortran, Ratfor,
+and EFL programs; default @samp{f77}.
@item GET
@vindex GET
@item YACC
@vindex YACC
-Program to use to turn Yacc grammars into C programs; default
-@samp{yacc}.
+Program to use to turn Yacc grammars into C programs; default @samp{yacc}.
@item YACCR
@vindex YACCR
-Program to use to turn Yacc grammars into Ratfor programs; default
-@samp{yacc -r}.
+Program to use to turn Yacc grammars into Ratfor
+programs; default @samp{yacc -r}.
@item YACCE
@vindex YACCE
-Program to use to turn Yacc grammars into EFL programs; default
-@samp{yacc -e}.
+Program to use to turn Yacc grammars into EFL
+programs; default @samp{yacc -e}.
@item RANLIB
@vindex RANLIB
@end table
Here is a table of variables whose values are additional arguments for the
-programs above:
+programs above. The default values for all of these is the empty string.
@table @code
@item ASFLAGS
@vindex ASFLAGS
-Extra flags to give to the assembler (when explicitly invoked
-on a @samp{.s} file).
+Extra flags to give to the assembler (when explicitly
+invoked on a @samp{.s} file).
@item CFLAGS
@vindex CFLAGS
-Extra flags to give to the C compiler; default is empty.
+Extra flags to give to the C compiler.
@item EFLAGS
@vindex EFLAGS
-Extra flags to give to the Fortran compiler for EFL programs; default
-is empty.
+Extra flags to give to the Fortran compiler for EFL programs.
@item FFLAGS
@vindex FFLAGS
-Extra flags to give to the Fortran compiler; default is empty.
+Extra flags to give to the Fortran compiler.
@item LFLAGS
@vindex LFLAGS
-Extra flags to give to Lex; default is empty.
+Extra flags to give to Lex.
@item LDFLAGS
@vindex LDFLAGS
Extra flags to give to compilers when they are supposed to invoke the
-linker, @samp{ld}; default is empty.
+linker, @samp{ld} (actually the value of the variable @code{LD}).
@item PFLAGS
@vindex PFLAGS
-Extra flags to give to the Pascal compiler; default is empty.
+Extra flags to give to the Pascal compiler.
@item RFLAGS
@vindex RFLAGS
-Extra flags to give to the Fortran compiler for Ratfor programs;
-default is empty.
+Extra flags to give to the Fortran compiler for Ratfor programs.
@item YFLAGS
@vindex YFLAGS
-Extra flags to give to Yacc; default is empty.
+Extra flags to give to Yacc.
@end table
@node Chained Rules, Pattern Rules, Implicit Variables, Implicit
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