at link time if the operand does not fit.
@cindex @samp{--no-merge-gregs} command line option, MMIX
-The @code{mmixal} documentation (@pxref{MMIX-Syntax}) specifies that global
-registers allocated with the @samp{GREG} directive (@pxref{MMIX-Pseudos}) and
+The @code{mmixal} documentation (@pxref{mmixsite}) specifies that global
+registers allocated with the @samp{GREG} directive (@pxref{MMIX-greg}) and
initialized to the same non-zero value, will refer to the same global
register. This isn't strictly enforcable in @code{@value{AS}} since the
final addresses aren't known until link-time, but it will do an effort
described in Sections 1.3 and 1.4 of @samp{The Art of Computer
Programming, Volume 1}. Draft versions of those chapters as well as other
MMIX information is located at
-@emph{mmixsite} @emph{http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/mmix-news.html}.
+@anchor{mmixsite}@url{http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/mmix-news.html}.
Most code examples from the mmixal package located there should work
unmodified when assembled and linked as single files, with a few
noteworthy exceptions (@pxref{MMIX-mmixal}).
exceptions to it being treated as any other symbol character: if a symbol
begins with @samp{:}, it means that the symbol is in the global namespace
and that the current prefix should not be prepended to that symbol
-(@pxref{MMIX-Pseudos}). The @samp{:} is then not considered part of the
+(@pxref{MMIX-prefix}). The @samp{:} is then not considered part of the
symbol. For a symbol in the label position (first on a line), a @samp{:}
at the end of a symbol is silently stripped off. A label is permitted,
but not required, to be followed by a @samp{:}, as with many other
and @samp{.data} segments of the final program can be defined, though when
linking more than one object file, the code or data in the object file
containing the symbol is not guaranteed to be start at that position; just
-the final executable. @xref{MMIX-Pseudos}.
+the final executable. @xref{MMIX-loc}.
@node MMIX-Regs
@subsection Register names
@cindex MMIX assembler directive LOC
@cindex MMIX pseudo-op LOC
-@emph{MMIX-loc}
+@anchor{MMIX-loc}
The @code{LOC} directive sets the current location to the value of the
operand field, which may include changing sections. If the operand is a
constant, the section is set to either @code{.data} if the value is
@cindex MMIX assembler directive LOCAL
@cindex MMIX pseudo-op LOCAL
-@emph{MMIX-local}
+@anchor{MMIX-local}
Example:
@smallexample
LOCAL external_symbol
@cindex MMIX assembler directive IS
@cindex MMIX pseudo-op IS
-@emph{MMIX-is}
+@anchor{MMIX-is}
The @code{IS} directive:
@smallexample
asymbol IS an_expression
@cindex MMIX assembler directive GREG
@cindex MMIX pseudo-op GREG
-@emph{MMIX-greg}
+@anchor{MMIX-greg}
This directive reserves a global register, gives it an initial value and
optionally gives it a symbolic name. Some examples:
@samp{STUNC},
@samp{SYNCD},
@samp{SYNCID},
-can have a value nearby @emph{GREG-base}an initial value in place of its
+can have a value nearby @anchor{GREG-base}an initial value in place of its
second and third operands. Here, ``nearby'' is defined as within the
range 0@dots{}255 from the initial value of such an allocated register.
@cindex MMIX assembler directive BYTE
@cindex MMIX pseudo-op BYTE
-@emph{MMIX-byte}
+@anchor{MMIX-byte}
The @samp{BYTE} directive takes a series of operands separated by a comma.
If an operand is a string (@pxref{Strings}), each character of that string
is emitted as a byte. Other operands must be constant expressions without
@cindex MMIX assembler directive OCTA
@cindex MMIX pseudo-op OCTA
-@emph{MMIX-constants}
+@anchor{MMIX-constants}
The directives @samp{WYDE}, @samp{TETRA} and @samp{OCTA} emit constants of
two, four and eight bytes size respectively. Before anything else happens
for the directive, the current location is aligned to the respective
@cindex MMIX assembler directive PREFIX
@cindex MMIX pseudo-op PREFIX
-@emph{MMIX-prefix}
+@anchor{MMIX-prefix}
The @samp{PREFIX} directive sets a symbol name prefix to be prepended to
all symbols (except local symbols, @pxref{MMIX-Symbols}), that are not
prefixed with @samp{:}, until the next @samp{PREFIX} directive. Such
@cindex MMIX assembler directive ESPEC
@cindex MMIX pseudo-op ESPEC
-@emph{MMIX-spec}
+@anchor{MMIX-spec}
A pair of @samp{BSPEC} and @samp{ESPEC} directives delimit a section of
special contents (without specified semantics). Example:
@smallexample
@cindex differences, mmixal
The binutils @code{@value{AS}} and @code{@value{LD}} combination has a few
-differences in function compared to @code{mmixal} (@pxref{MMIX-Syntax}).
+differences in function compared to @code{mmixal} (@pxref{mmixsite}).
The replacement of a symbol with a GREG-allocated register
-(@xref{MMIX-Pseudos}) is not handled the exactly same way in
+(@pxref{GREG-base}) is not handled the exactly same way in
@code{@value{AS}} as in @code{mmixal}. This is apparent in the
@code{mmixal} example file @code{inout.mms}, where different registers
with different offsets, eventually yielding the same address, are used in
attempted, but that functionality is easily confused and should be avoided
unless compatibility with @code{mmixal} is required. A LOC expression to
@samp{0x2000000000000000} or higher, maps to the @samp{.data} section and
-lower addresses map to the @samp{.text} section (@pxref{MMIX-Pseudos}).
+lower addresses map to the @samp{.text} section (@pxref{MMIX-loc}).
The code and data areas are each contiguous. Sparse programs with
far-away LOC directives will take up the same amount of space as a
There's no unicode support.
The following is a list of programs in
-@emph{http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/mmix-news.html} dated
-2001-08-25 (md5sum c393470cfc86fac040487d22d2bf0172) that assembles with
-@code{mmixal} but don't with @code{@value{AS}}:
+@url{http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/mmix-news.html} dated
+2001-08-25 (md5sum c393470cfc86fac040487d22d2bf0172) that assemble with
+@code{mmixal} but do not assemble with @code{@value{AS}}:
@table @code
@item silly.mms
projects / external / binutils.git / commitdiff