-This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
-and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.
1. Changes to Bash
s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.
+t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
+ at shell startup.
+
+u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
+ not work correctly.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
+ `read -a'.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
+ hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
+ character of $IFS was not a space.
+
2. Changes to Readline
a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
messages can be translated into different languages.
+d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
+
+e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
+ as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
+ the error as coming from bash.
+
4. New Features in Readline
a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
-This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
-and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.
+This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
+and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.
1. Changes to Bash
s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.
+t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
+ at shell startup.
+
+u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
+ not work correctly.
+
+v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
+ `read -a'.
+
+w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
+ hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
+ character of $IFS was not a space.
+
2. Changes to Readline
a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
f. Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains
invisible characters.
+g. Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales
+ when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.
+
+h. Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings.
+
3. New Features in Bash
a. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
messages can be translated into different languages.
+d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
+
4. New Features in Readline
a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
back past it with ^B, and other display problems caused by the same
situation
+ 1/15
+ ----
+lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
+ - document RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE and RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE in the
+ description of rl_expand_prompt()
+
+ 1/20
+ ----
+bashline.c
+ - in initialize_readline, make sure M-C-j and M-C-m are still bound to
+ vi-editing-mode before unbinding them -- they may have been rebound
+ in an inputrc
+
+variables.c
+ - in unbind_variable, unset attributes other than `local' and exported
+ (if the variable came from a temporary environment) when unsetting a
+ local variable inside a function
+
+ 1/21
+ ----
+configure.in
+ - add libintl build directory to the list of include directories if
+ it's being built (using INTL_BUILDDIR)
+
+Makefile.in,{builtins,lib/{sh,malloc}}/Makefile.in
+ - substitute LIBBUILD as ${BUILD_DIR}/${LIBSUBDIR}
+ - define INTL_BUILDDIR as ${LIBBUILD}/intl
+
+{builtins,lib/sh}/Makefile.in
+ - make sure INTL_INC is added to the list of include directories
+ - make sure INTL_LIBSRC is defined with the correct value
+
+{configure,Makefile,{builtins,lib/sh}/Makefile}.in
+ - substitute LIBINTL_H as ${INTL_BUILDDIR}/libintl.h
+
+Makefile.in,builtins/Makefile.iin
+ - all files depending on bashintl.h also depend on ${LIBINTL_H}
+ (which may be empty)
+
+Makefile.in
+ - make a rule telling how to build lib/intl/libintl.h if necessary
+
+ 1/24
+ ----
+builtins/read.def
+ - make sure that the array name supplied as an argument to -a is a
+ valid identifier
+
+parse.y
+ - make the \W expansion abbreviate $HOME with a ~ (seems to be more
+ useful)
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - document new behavior of \W
+
+subst.c
+ - make sure parameter_brace_expand_rhs uses the first character of
+ $IFS when making the string to return from the expanded word
+ (which, in the case of "$@" or $@, contains multiple words that
+ need to be separated)
+
+ 1/25
+ ----
+builtins/common.c
+ - change get_job_spec to make `%' by itself or an empty argument
+ return NO_JOB
+
+jobs.h
+ - new possible value for a job spec return value: BAD_JOBSPEC
+ (for syntactically invalid specs, like the empty string)
+
+shell.c
+ - in open_shell_script, check to see whether or not we can find and
+ open the filename argument before setting dollar_vars[0] or
+ manipulating BASH_SOURCE, so the error messages come out better
+
+subst.c
+ - in string_list_internal, short-circuit right away to savestring()
+ if the list only has a single element
- new static function, mb_getcharlens, allocates and returns an array
of character lengths for (possibly multibyte) characters in the
argument string
- - change pattern matching operations to use while loops instead of for
- loops to handle multibyte characters better (no more simple increment
- or decrement); use multibyte character operations instead of simple
- increments and decrements. Don't use BACKUP_CHAR_P -- use the
- mblen array instead, because that avoids the N**2 behavior of having
- to count from the beginning of the string each time you want to
- back up one character. Changes to remove_pattern and match_pattern
+ - change pattern matching operations to use while loops instead of
+ for loops to handle multibyte characters better (no more simple
+ increment or decrement)
+ - change pattern matching operations to use multibyte character
+ operations instead of simple increments and decrements. Don't
+ use BACKUP_CHAR_P -- use the mblen array instead, because that
+ avoids the N**2 behavior of having to count from the beginning
+ of the string each time you want to back up one character. Changes
+ to remove_pattern and match_pattern
+
+ 1/12
+ ----
+lib/readline/display.c
+ - make expand_prompt count multbyte characters in the prompt string
+ by using _rl_find_next_mbchar (and copying possibly more than one
+ byte) instead of a simple increment and single byte copy
+
+ 1/13
+ ----
+lib/readline/display.c
+ - expand_prompt takes a new reference argument -- it returns
+ the actual count of (possibly multibyte) characters displayed
+ on the screen
+ - don't short-circuit in expand_prompt unless we're not going to
+ be using any multibyte characters
+ - change calls to expand_prompt to pass an argument for the
+ number of physical characters the prompt occupies
+ (prompt_physical_chars)
+ - initialize `lpos' (the physical cursor position) from
+ prompt_physical_chars in rl_redisplay
+
+lib/readline/mbutil.c
+ - in _rl_find_prev_mbchar_internal, if mbrtowc returns -1 or -2, and
+ we assume that the character is a single-byte char, make sure we
+ update `prev' so it doesn't get lost. Fixes problems encountered
+ when a non-ascii char is the last char on the line and we're moving
+ back past it with ^B, and other display problems caused by the same
+ situation
+
+ 1/15
+ ----
+lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
+ - document RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE and RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE in the
+ description of rl_expand_prompt()
+
+ 1/20
+ ----
+bashline.c
+ - in initialize_readline, make sure M-C-j and M-C-m are still bound to
+ vi-editing-mode before unbinding them -- they may have been rebound
+ in an inputrc
+
+variables.c
+ - in unbind_variable, unset attributes other than `local' and exported
+ (if the variable came from a temporary environment) when unsetting a
+ local variable inside a function
+
+ 1/21
+ ----
+configure.in
+ - add libintl build directory to the list of include directories if
+ it's being built (using INTL_BUILDDIR)
+
+Makefile.in,{builtins,lib/{sh,malloc}}/Makefile.in
+ - substitute LIBBUILD as ${BUILD_DIR}/${LIBSUBDIR}
+ - define INTL_BUILDDIR as ${LIBBUILD}/intl
+
+{builtins,lib/sh}/Makefile.in
+ - make sure INTL_INC is added to the list of include directories
+ - make sure INTL_LIBSRC is defined with the correct value
+
+{configure,Makefile,{builtins,lib/sh}/Makefile}.in
+ - substitute LIBINTL_H as ${INTL_BUILDDIR}/libintl.h
+
+Makefile.in,builtins/Makefile.iin
+ - all files depending on bashintl.h also depend on ${LIBINTL_H}
+ (which may be empty)
+
+Makefile.in
+ - make a rule telling how to build lib/intl/libintl.h if necessary
+
+ 1/24
+ ----
+builtins/read.def
+ - make sure that the array name supplied as an argument to -a is a
+ valid identifier
+
+parse.y
+ - make the \W expansion abbreviate $HOME with a ~ (seems to be more
+ useful)
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - document new behavior of \W
+
+subst.c
+ - make sure parameter_brace_expand_rhs uses the first character of
+ $IFS when making the string to return from the expanded word
+ (which, in the case of "$@" or $@, contains multiple words that
+ need to be separated)
+
+ 1/25
+ ----
+builtins/common.c
+ - change get_job_spec to make `%' by itself or an empty argument
+ return NO_JOB
+
+jobs.h
+ - new possible value for a job spec return value: BAD_JOBSPEC
+ (for syntactically invalid specs, like the empty string)
+
+shell.c
+ - in open_shell_script, check to see whether or not we can find and
+ open the filename argument before setting dollar_vars[0] or
+ manipulating BASH_SOURCE, so the error messages come out better
tests/dbg-support2.right f
tests/dbg-support2.tests f
tests/dollar-at-star f
+tests/dollar-at1.sub f
tests/dollar-star1.sub f
tests/dollar.right f
tests/dstack.tests f
--- /dev/null
+#
+# Master distribution manifest for bash
+#
+#
+# Filename type
+#
+CWRU d
+CWRU/misc d
+builtins d
+cross-build d
+doc d
+examples d
+examples/bashdb d
+examples/obashdb d
+examples/complete d
+examples/functions d
+examples/scripts d
+examples/scripts.v2 d
+examples/scripts.noah d
+examples/startup-files d
+examples/startup-files/apple d
+examples/misc d
+examples/loadables d
+examples/loadables/perl d
+include d
+lib d
+lib/glob d
+lib/glob/doc d
+lib/intl d
+lib/malloc d
+lib/readline d
+lib/readline/doc d
+lib/readline/examples d
+lib/sh d
+lib/termcap d
+lib/termcap/grot d
+lib/tilde d
+lib/tilde/doc d
+po d
+support d
+tests d
+tests/misc d
+ABOUT-NLS f
+CHANGES f
+COMPAT f
+COPYING f
+INSTALL f
+MANIFEST f
+NEWS f
+NOTES f
+POSIX f
+README f
+RBASH f
+AUTHORS f
+Y2K f
+configure.in f
+configure f
+Makefile.in f
+config-top.h f
+config-bot.h f
+config.h.in f
+aclocal.m4 f
+array.c f
+arrayfunc.c f
+eval.c f
+print_cmd.c f
+general.c f
+list.c f
+locale.c f
+stringlib.c f
+variables.c f
+make_cmd.c f
+copy_cmd.c f
+unwind_prot.c f
+dispose_cmd.c f
+bashhist.c f
+hashcmd.c f
+hashlib.c f
+parse.y f
+pathexp.c f
+subst.c f
+shell.c f
+trap.c f
+sig.c f
+siglist.c f
+version.c f
+flags.c f
+jobs.c f
+input.c f
+mailcheck.c f
+test.c f
+expr.c f
+alias.c f
+execute_cmd.c f
+findcmd.c f
+redir.c f
+bashline.c f
+braces.c f
+bracecomp.c f
+nojobs.c f
+error.c f
+xmalloc.c f
+pcomplete.c f
+pcomplib.c f
+mksyntax.c f
+alias.h f
+builtins.h f
+bashhist.h f
+bashline.h f
+conftypes.h f
+patchlevel.h f
+variables.h f
+array.h f
+arrayfunc.h f
+jobs.h f
+findcmd.h f
+hashlib.h f
+quit.h f
+flags.h f
+shell.h f
+syntax.h f
+pathexp.h f
+parser.h f
+pcomplete.h f
+sig.h f
+test.h f
+trap.h f
+general.h f
+unwind_prot.h f
+input.h f
+error.h f
+command.h f
+externs.h f
+siglist.h f
+subst.h f
+dispose_cmd.h f
+hashcmd.h f
+bashansi.h f
+bashjmp.h f
+bashintl.h f
+make_cmd.h f
+execute_cmd.h f
+redir.h f
+bashtypes.h f
+mailcheck.h f
+xmalloc.h f
+y.tab.c f
+y.tab.h f
+parser-built f
+pathnames.h.in f
+builtins/Makefile.in f
+builtins/alias.def f
+builtins/bind.def f
+builtins/break.def f
+builtins/builtin.def f
+builtins/caller.def f
+builtins/cd.def f
+builtins/colon.def f
+builtins/command.def f
+builtins/complete.def f
+builtins/common.c f
+builtins/declare.def f
+builtins/echo.def f
+builtins/enable.def f
+builtins/eval.def f
+builtins/evalfile.c f
+builtins/evalstring.c f
+builtins/exec.def f
+builtins/exit.def f
+builtins/fc.def f
+builtins/fg_bg.def f
+builtins/getopt.c f
+builtins/getopt.h f
+builtins/getopts.def f
+builtins/hash.def f
+builtins/help.def f
+builtins/let.def f
+builtins/history.def f
+builtins/jobs.def f
+builtins/kill.def f
+builtins/mkbuiltins.c f
+builtins/printf.def f
+builtins/pushd.def f
+builtins/read.def f
+builtins/reserved.def f
+builtins/return.def f
+builtins/set.def f
+builtins/setattr.def f
+builtins/shift.def f
+builtins/shopt.def f
+builtins/source.def f
+builtins/suspend.def f
+builtins/test.def f
+builtins/times.def f
+builtins/trap.def f
+builtins/type.def f
+builtins/ulimit.def f
+builtins/umask.def f
+builtins/wait.def f
+builtins/psize.c f
+builtins/psize.sh f
+builtins/inlib.def f
+builtins/bashgetopt.c f
+builtins/common.h f
+builtins/bashgetopt.h f
+cross-build/cygwin32.cache f
+cross-build/win32sig.h f
+cross-build/x86-beos.cache f
+cross-build/beos-sig.h f
+cross-build/opennt.cache f
+include/ansi_stdlib.h f
+include/chartypes.h f
+include/filecntl.h f
+include/gettext.h f
+include/maxpath.h f
+include/memalloc.h f
+include/ocache.h f
+include/posixdir.h f
+include/posixjmp.h f
+include/posixstat.h f
+include/posixtime.h f
+include/posixwait.h f
+include/shmbutil.h f
+include/shtty.h f
+include/stdc.h f
+include/systimes.h f
+include/typemax.h f
+include/unionwait.h f
+lib/glob/Makefile.in f
+lib/glob/sm_loop.c f
+lib/glob/smatch.c f
+lib/glob/strmatch.c f
+lib/glob/strmatch.h f
+lib/glob/glob.c f
+lib/glob/glob.h f
+lib/glob/glob_loop.c f
+lib/glob/xmbsrtowcs.c f
+lib/glob/collsyms.h f
+lib/glob/doc/Makefile f
+lib/glob/doc/glob.texi f
+lib/glob/ndir.h f
+lib/intl/ChangeLog f
+lib/intl/Makefile.in f
+lib/intl/VERSION f
+lib/intl/bindtextdom.c f
+lib/intl/config.charset f
+lib/intl/dcgettext.c f
+lib/intl/dcigettext.c f
+lib/intl/dcngettext.c f
+lib/intl/dgettext.c f
+lib/intl/dngettext.c f
+lib/intl/eval-plural.h f
+lib/intl/explodename.c f
+lib/intl/finddomain.c f
+lib/intl/gettext.c f
+lib/intl/gettextP.h f
+lib/intl/gmo.h f
+lib/intl/hash-string.h f
+lib/intl/intl-compat.c f
+lib/intl/l10nflist.c f
+lib/intl/libgnuintl.h.in f
+lib/intl/loadinfo.h f
+lib/intl/loadmsgcat.c f
+lib/intl/localcharset.c f
+lib/intl/localcharset.h f
+lib/intl/locale.alias f
+lib/intl/localealias.c f
+lib/intl/localename.c f
+lib/intl/log.c f
+lib/intl/ngettext.c f
+lib/intl/os2compat.c f
+lib/intl/os2compat.h f
+lib/intl/osdep.c f
+lib/intl/plural-exp.c f
+lib/intl/plural-exp.h f
+lib/intl/plural.c f
+lib/intl/plural.y f
+lib/intl/ref-add.sin f
+lib/intl/ref-del.sin f
+lib/intl/relocatable.c f
+lib/intl/relocatable.h f
+lib/intl/textdomain.c f
+lib/malloc/Makefile.in f
+lib/malloc/getpagesize.h f
+lib/malloc/imalloc.h f
+lib/malloc/mstats.h f
+lib/malloc/shmalloc.h f
+lib/malloc/table.h f
+lib/malloc/watch.h f
+lib/malloc/alloca.c f
+lib/malloc/malloc.c f
+lib/malloc/stats.c f
+lib/malloc/table.c f
+lib/malloc/trace.c f
+lib/malloc/watch.c f
+lib/malloc/xmalloc.c f
+lib/malloc/xleaktrace f 755
+lib/malloc/stub.c f
+lib/malloc/i386-alloca.s f
+lib/malloc/x386-alloca.s f
+lib/readline/COPYING f
+lib/readline/Makefile.in f
+lib/readline/ChangeLog f
+lib/readline/README f
+lib/readline/STANDALONE f
+lib/readline/readline.c f
+lib/readline/vi_mode.c f
+lib/readline/emacs_keymap.c f
+lib/readline/vi_keymap.c f
+lib/readline/history.c f
+lib/readline/histexpand.c f
+lib/readline/histsearch.c f
+lib/readline/histfile.c f
+lib/readline/funmap.c f
+lib/readline/keymaps.c f
+lib/readline/util.c f
+lib/readline/terminal.c f
+lib/readline/xmalloc.c f
+lib/readline/search.c f
+lib/readline/isearch.c f
+lib/readline/parens.c f
+lib/readline/rltty.c f
+lib/readline/compat.c f
+lib/readline/complete.c f
+lib/readline/bind.c f
+lib/readline/display.c f
+lib/readline/signals.c f
+lib/readline/kill.c f
+lib/readline/text.c f
+lib/readline/undo.c f
+lib/readline/macro.c f
+lib/readline/input.c f
+lib/readline/callback.c f
+lib/readline/mbutil.c f
+lib/readline/misc.c f
+lib/readline/nls.c f
+lib/readline/shell.c f
+lib/readline/savestring.c f
+lib/readline/tilde.c f
+lib/readline/tilde.h f
+lib/readline/rldefs.h f
+lib/readline/rlconf.h f
+lib/readline/rlmbutil.h f
+lib/readline/rlshell.h f
+lib/readline/rltty.h f
+lib/readline/rltypedefs.h f
+lib/readline/rlwinsize.h f
+lib/readline/readline.h f
+lib/readline/tcap.h f
+lib/readline/keymaps.h f
+lib/readline/history.h f
+lib/readline/histlib.h f
+lib/readline/chardefs.h f
+lib/readline/posixdir.h f
+lib/readline/posixjmp.h f
+lib/readline/posixstat.h f
+lib/readline/ansi_stdlib.h f
+lib/readline/rlstdc.h f
+lib/readline/rlprivate.h f
+lib/readline/xmalloc.h f
+lib/readline/doc/Makefile f
+lib/readline/doc/version.texi f
+lib/readline/doc/rlman.texi f
+lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi f
+lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi f
+lib/readline/doc/rluserman.texi f
+lib/readline/doc/history.texi f
+lib/readline/doc/hstech.texi f
+lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi f
+lib/readline/doc/fdl.texi f
+lib/readline/examples/Makefile f
+lib/readline/examples/excallback.c f
+lib/readline/examples/fileman.c f
+lib/readline/examples/manexamp.c f
+lib/readline/examples/histexamp.c f
+lib/readline/examples/rltest.c f
+lib/readline/examples/rl.c f
+lib/readline/examples/rlcat.c f
+lib/readline/examples/Inputrc f
+lib/sh/Makefile.in f
+lib/sh/clktck.c f
+lib/sh/clock.c f
+lib/sh/fmtullong.c f
+lib/sh/fmtulong.c f
+lib/sh/fmtumax.c f
+lib/sh/getcwd.c f
+lib/sh/getenv.c f
+lib/sh/inet_aton.c f
+lib/sh/itos.c f
+lib/sh/mailstat.c f
+lib/sh/makepath.c f
+lib/sh/memset.c f
+lib/sh/mktime.c f
+lib/sh/netconn.c f
+lib/sh/netopen.c f
+lib/sh/oslib.c f
+lib/sh/pathcanon.c f
+lib/sh/pathphys.c f
+lib/sh/rename.c f
+lib/sh/setlinebuf.c f
+lib/sh/shmatch.c f
+lib/sh/shquote.c f
+lib/sh/shtty.c f
+lib/sh/snprintf.c f
+lib/sh/spell.c f
+lib/sh/strcasecmp.c f
+lib/sh/strerror.c f
+lib/sh/strftime.c f
+lib/sh/strindex.c f
+lib/sh/stringlist.c f
+lib/sh/stringvec.c f
+lib/sh/strpbrk.c f
+lib/sh/strstr.c f
+lib/sh/strtod.c f
+lib/sh/strtoimax.c f
+lib/sh/strtol.c f
+lib/sh/strtoll.c f
+lib/sh/strtoul.c f
+lib/sh/strtoull.c f
+lib/sh/strtoumax.c f
+lib/sh/strtrans.c f
+lib/sh/times.c f
+lib/sh/timeval.c f
+lib/sh/tmpfile.c f
+lib/sh/vprint.c f
+lib/sh/xstrchr.c f
+lib/sh/zcatfd.c f
+lib/sh/zread.c f
+lib/sh/zwrite.c f
+lib/termcap/Makefile.in f
+lib/termcap/ltcap.h f
+lib/termcap/termcap.c f
+lib/termcap/termcap.h f
+lib/termcap/tparam.c f
+lib/termcap/version.c f
+lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info f
+lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-1 f
+lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-2 f
+lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-3 f
+lib/termcap/grot/termcap.info-4 f
+lib/termcap/grot/NEWS f
+lib/termcap/grot/INSTALL f
+lib/termcap/grot/ChangeLog f
+lib/termcap/grot/texinfo.tex f
+lib/termcap/grot/termcap.texi f
+lib/termcap/grot/Makefile.in f
+lib/termcap/grot/configure f
+lib/termcap/grot/configure.in f
+lib/termcap/grot/COPYING f
+lib/termcap/grot/README f
+lib/tilde/README f
+lib/tilde/Makefile.in f
+lib/tilde/doc/tilde.texi f
+lib/tilde/doc/Makefile f
+lib/tilde/tilde.c f
+lib/tilde/tilde.h f
+lib/tilde/shell.c f
+po/LINGUAS f
+po/Makefile.in.in f
+po/Makevars f
+po/POTFILES.in f
+po/Rules-builtins f
+po/Rules-quot f
+po/bash.pot f
+po/boldquot.sed f
+po/builtins.pot f
+po/en@quot.header f
+po/en@boldquot.header f
+po/en@quot.po f
+po/en@boldquot.po f
+po/en@quot.gmo f
+po/en@boldquot.gmo f
+po/insert-header.sin f
+po/quot.sed f
+po/remove-potcdate.sin f
+CWRU/misc/open-files.c f
+CWRU/misc/sigs.c f
+CWRU/misc/sigstat.c f
+CWRU/misc/bison f
+CWRU/misc/errlist.c f
+CWRU/misc/hpux10-dlfcn.h f
+CWRU/PLATFORMS f
+CWRU/README f
+CWRU/changelog f
+CWRU/sh-redir-hack f
+CWRU/mh-folder-comp f
+doc/FAQ f
+doc/Makefile.in f
+doc/bash.1 f
+doc/bashbug.1 f
+doc/builtins.1 f
+doc/rbash.1 f
+doc/README f
+doc/INTRO f
+doc/texinfo.tex f
+doc/bashref.texi f
+doc/version.texi f
+doc/bashref.info f
+doc/article.ms f
+doc/htmlpost.sh f 755
+doc/infopost.sh f 755
+doc/fdl.texi f
+doc/fdl.txt f
+support/Makefile.in f
+support/bashversion.c f
+support/config.guess f
+support/config.rpath f 755
+support/config.sub f
+support/printenv.sh f 755
+support/printenv.c f
+support/bash.xbm f
+support/missing f 755
+support/mkclone f 755
+support/mkconffiles f 755
+support/mkdirs f 755
+support/mkinstalldirs f 755
+support/mkversion.sh f 755
+support/mksignames.c f
+support/bashbug.sh f
+support/man2html.c f
+support/recho.c f
+support/zecho.c f
+support/SYMLINKS f
+support/fixlinks f 755
+support/install.sh f 755
+support/texi2dvi f 755
+support/texi2html f 755
+support/xenix-link.sh f 755
+support/shobj-conf f 755
+support/rlvers.sh f 755
+examples/bashdb/PERMISSION f
+examples/bashdb/bashdb f
+examples/bashdb/bashdb.el f
+examples/obashdb/PERMISSION f
+examples/obashdb/README f
+examples/obashdb/bashdb f
+examples/obashdb/bashdb.fns f
+examples/obashdb/bashdb.pre f
+examples/complete/complete-examples f
+examples/complete/complete.ianmac f
+examples/complete/complete2.ianmac f
+examples/complete/complete.freebsd f
+examples/complete/complete.gnu-longopt f
+examples/complete/bashcc-1.0.1.tar.gz f
+examples/loadables/README f
+examples/loadables/template.c f
+examples/loadables/Makefile.in f
+examples/loadables/necho.c f
+examples/loadables/hello.c f
+examples/loadables/print.c f
+examples/loadables/realpath.c f
+examples/loadables/sleep.c f
+examples/loadables/strftime.c f
+examples/loadables/truefalse.c f
+examples/loadables/getconf.h f
+examples/loadables/getconf.c f
+examples/loadables/finfo.c f
+examples/loadables/cat.c f
+examples/loadables/cut.c f
+examples/loadables/logname.c f
+examples/loadables/basename.c f
+examples/loadables/dirname.c f
+examples/loadables/tty.c f
+examples/loadables/pathchk.c f
+examples/loadables/tee.c f
+examples/loadables/rmdir.c f
+examples/loadables/head.c f
+examples/loadables/printenv.c f
+examples/loadables/push.c f
+examples/loadables/id.c f
+examples/loadables/whoami.c f
+examples/loadables/uname.c f
+examples/loadables/sync.c f
+examples/loadables/mkdir.c f
+examples/loadables/ln.c f
+examples/loadables/unlink.c f
+examples/loadables/perl/Makefile.in f
+examples/loadables/perl/README f
+examples/loadables/perl/bperl.c f
+examples/loadables/perl/iperl.c f
+examples/functions/array-stuff f
+examples/functions/array-to-string f
+examples/functions/autoload f
+examples/functions/autoload.v2 f
+examples/functions/autoload.v3 f
+examples/functions/basename f
+examples/functions/basename2 f
+examples/functions/coproc.bash f
+examples/functions/coshell.README f
+examples/functions/coshell.bash f
+examples/functions/csh-compat f
+examples/functions/dirfuncs f
+examples/functions/dirname f
+examples/functions/emptydir f
+examples/functions/exitstat f
+examples/functions/external f
+examples/functions/fact f
+examples/functions/fstty f
+examples/functions/func f
+examples/functions/gethtml f
+examples/functions/getoptx.bash f
+examples/functions/inetaddr f
+examples/functions/inpath f
+examples/functions/isnum.bash f
+examples/functions/isnum2 f
+examples/functions/isvalidip f
+examples/functions/jdate.bash f
+examples/functions/jj.bash f
+examples/functions/keep f
+examples/functions/ksh-cd f
+examples/functions/ksh-compat-test f
+examples/functions/kshenv f
+examples/functions/login f
+examples/functions/lowercase f
+examples/functions/manpage f
+examples/functions/mhfold f
+examples/functions/notify.bash f
+examples/functions/pathfuncs f
+examples/functions/recurse f
+examples/functions/repeat2 f
+examples/functions/repeat3 f
+examples/functions/seq f
+examples/functions/seq2 f
+examples/functions/shcat f
+examples/functions/shcat2 f
+examples/functions/sort-pos-params f
+examples/functions/substr f
+examples/functions/substr2 f
+examples/functions/term f
+examples/functions/whatis f
+examples/functions/whence f
+examples/functions/which f
+examples/functions/xalias.bash f
+examples/functions/xfind.bash f
+examples/scripts/adventure.sh f
+examples/scripts/bcsh.sh f
+examples/scripts/cat.sh f
+examples/scripts/center f
+examples/scripts/dd-ex.sh f
+examples/scripts/fixfiles.bash f
+examples/scripts/hanoi.bash f
+examples/scripts/inpath f
+examples/scripts/krand.bash f
+examples/scripts/line-input.bash f
+examples/scripts/nohup.bash f
+examples/scripts/precedence f
+examples/scripts/randomcard.bash f
+examples/scripts/scrollbar f
+examples/scripts/scrollbar2 f
+examples/scripts/self-repro f
+examples/scripts/showperm.bash f
+examples/scripts/shprompt f
+examples/scripts/spin.bash f
+examples/scripts/timeout f
+examples/scripts/vtree2 f
+examples/scripts/vtree3 f
+examples/scripts/vtree3a f
+examples/scripts/websrv.sh f
+examples/scripts/xterm_title f
+examples/scripts/zprintf f
+examples/startup-files/README f
+examples/startup-files/Bashrc.bfox f
+examples/startup-files/Bash_aliases f
+examples/startup-files/Bash_profile f
+examples/startup-files/bash-profile f
+examples/startup-files/bashrc f
+examples/startup-files/apple/README f
+examples/startup-files/apple/aliases f
+examples/startup-files/apple/bash.defaults f
+examples/startup-files/apple/environment f
+examples/startup-files/apple/login f
+examples/startup-files/apple/logout f
+examples/startup-files/apple/rc f
+examples/misc/suncmd.termcap f
+examples/misc/aliasconv.sh f
+examples/misc/aliasconv.bash f
+examples/misc/cshtobash f
+tests/README f
+tests/alias.tests f
+tests/alias.right f
+tests/arith-for.tests f
+tests/arith-for.right f
+tests/arith.tests f
+tests/arith.right f
+tests/array.tests f
+tests/array.right f
+tests/array-at-star f
+tests/array2.right f
+tests/braces.tests f
+tests/braces.right f
+tests/builtins.tests f
+tests/builtins.right f
+tests/builtins1.sub f
+tests/builtins2.sub f
+tests/source1.sub f
+tests/source2.sub f
+tests/source3.sub f
+tests/source4.sub f
+tests/source5.sub f
+tests/cond.tests f
+tests/cond.right f
+tests/cprint.tests f
+tests/cprint.right f
+tests/dbg-support.right f
+tests/dbg-support.sub f
+tests/dbg-support.tests f
+tests/dbg-support2.right f
+tests/dbg-support2.tests f
+tests/dollar-at-star f
+tests/dollar-star1.sub f
+tests/dollar.right f
+tests/dstack.tests f
+tests/dstack.right f
+tests/dstack2.tests f
+tests/dstack2.right f
+tests/errors.tests f
+tests/errors.right f
+tests/execscript f
+tests/exec.right f
+tests/exec1.sub f 755
+tests/exec2.sub f
+tests/exec3.sub f
+tests/exec4.sub f
+tests/exec5.sub f
+tests/exec6.sub f
+tests/exec7.sub f
+tests/exp-tests f
+tests/exp.right f
+tests/extglob.tests f
+tests/extglob.right f
+tests/extglob2.tests f
+tests/extglob2.right f
+tests/func.tests f
+tests/func.right f
+tests/func1.sub f
+tests/func2.sub f
+tests/func3.sub f
+tests/getopts.tests f
+tests/getopts.right f
+tests/getopts1.sub f
+tests/getopts2.sub f
+tests/getopts3.sub f
+tests/getopts4.sub f
+tests/getopts5.sub f
+tests/getopts6.sub f
+tests/getopts7.sub f
+tests/glob-test f
+tests/glob1.sub f
+tests/glob.right f
+tests/heredoc.tests f
+tests/heredoc.right f
+tests/herestr.tests f
+tests/herestr.right f
+tests/histexp.tests f
+tests/histexp.right f
+tests/history.tests f
+tests/history.right f
+tests/history.list f
+tests/ifs.tests f
+tests/ifs.right f
+tests/input-line.sh f
+tests/input-line.sub f
+tests/input.right f
+tests/invert.tests f
+tests/invert.right f
+tests/jobs.tests f
+tests/jobs1.sub f
+tests/jobs2.sub f
+tests/jobs3.sub f
+tests/jobs.right f
+tests/more-exp.tests f
+tests/more-exp.right f
+tests/new-exp.tests f
+tests/new-exp1.sub f
+tests/new-exp2.sub f
+tests/new-exp3.sub f
+tests/new-exp4.sub f
+tests/new-exp.right f
+tests/nquote.tests f
+tests/nquote.right f
+tests/nquote1.tests f
+tests/nquote1.right f
+tests/nquote2.tests f
+tests/nquote2.right f
+tests/nquote3.tests f
+tests/nquote3.right f
+tests/nquote4.tests f
+tests/nquote4.right f
+tests/posix2.tests f
+tests/posix2.right f
+tests/posixpat.tests f
+tests/posixpat.right f
+tests/prec.right f
+tests/precedence f
+tests/printf.tests f
+tests/printf.right f
+tests/quote.tests f
+tests/quote.right f
+tests/read.tests f
+tests/read.right f
+tests/read1.sub f
+tests/read2.sub f
+tests/read3.sub f
+tests/read4.sub f
+tests/redir.tests f
+tests/redir.right f
+tests/redir1.sub f
+tests/redir2.sub f
+tests/redir3.sub f
+tests/redir3.in1 f
+tests/redir3.in2 f
+tests/redir4.sub f
+tests/redir4.in1 f
+tests/redir5.sub f
+tests/redir6.sub f
+tests/rhs-exp.tests f
+tests/rhs-exp.right f
+tests/rsh.tests f
+tests/rsh.right f
+tests/run-all f
+tests/run-minimal f
+tests/run-alias f
+tests/run-arith-for f
+tests/run-arith f
+tests/run-array f
+tests/run-array2 f
+tests/run-braces f
+tests/run-builtins f
+tests/run-cond f
+tests/run-cprint f
+tests/run-dbg-support f
+tests/run-dbg-support2 f
+tests/run-dirstack f
+tests/run-dollars f
+tests/run-errors f
+tests/run-execscript f
+tests/run-exp-tests f
+tests/run-extglob f
+tests/run-extglob2 f
+tests/run-func f
+tests/run-getopts f
+tests/run-glob-test f
+tests/run-heredoc f
+tests/run-herestr f
+tests/run-histexpand f
+tests/run-history f
+tests/run-ifs f
+tests/run-input-test f
+tests/run-invert f
+tests/run-jobs f
+tests/run-more-exp f
+tests/run-new-exp f
+tests/run-nquote f
+tests/run-nquote1 f
+tests/run-nquote2 f
+tests/run-nquote3 f
+tests/run-nquote4 f
+tests/run-posix2 f
+tests/run-posixpat f
+tests/run-precedence f
+tests/run-printf f
+tests/run-quote f
+tests/run-read f
+tests/run-redir f
+tests/run-rhs-exp f
+tests/run-rsh f
+tests/run-set-e f
+tests/run-set-x f
+tests/run-shopt f
+tests/run-strip f
+tests/run-test f
+tests/run-tilde f
+tests/run-trap f
+tests/run-type f
+tests/run-varenv f
+tests/set-e-test f
+tests/set-e.right f
+tests/set-x.tests f
+tests/set-x.right f
+tests/shopt.tests f
+tests/shopt.right f
+tests/strip.tests f
+tests/strip.right f
+tests/test.tests f
+tests/test.right f
+tests/tilde-tests f
+tests/tilde.right f
+tests/trap.tests f
+tests/trap.right f
+tests/trap1.sub f 755
+tests/trap2.sub f 755
+tests/trap2a.sub f 755
+tests/type.tests f
+tests/type.right f
+tests/varenv.right f
+tests/varenv.sh f
+tests/varenv1.sub f
+tests/varenv2.sub f
+tests/version f
+tests/version.mini f
+tests/misc/dev-tcp.tests f
+tests/misc/perf-script f
+tests/misc/perftest f
+tests/misc/read-nchars.tests f
+tests/misc/redir-t2.sh f
+tests/misc/run-r2.sh f
+tests/misc/sigint-1.sh f
+tests/misc/sigint-2.sh f
+tests/misc/sigint-3.sh f
+tests/misc/sigint-4.sh f
+tests/misc/test-minus-e.1 f
+tests/misc/test-minus-e.2 f
+tests/misc/wait-bg.tests f
+examples/scripts.v2/PERMISSION f
+examples/scripts.v2/README f
+examples/scripts.v2/arc2tarz f
+examples/scripts.v2/bashrand f
+examples/scripts.v2/cal2day.bash f
+examples/scripts.v2/cdhist.bash f
+examples/scripts.v2/corename f
+examples/scripts.v2/fman f
+examples/scripts.v2/frcp f
+examples/scripts.v2/lowercase f
+examples/scripts.v2/ncp f
+examples/scripts.v2/newext f
+examples/scripts.v2/nmv f
+examples/scripts.v2/pages f
+examples/scripts.v2/pf f
+examples/scripts.v2/ren f
+examples/scripts.v2/rename f
+examples/scripts.v2/repeat f
+examples/scripts.v2/untar f
+examples/scripts.v2/uudec f
+examples/scripts.v2/uuenc f
+examples/scripts.v2/vtree f
+examples/scripts.v2/where f
+examples/scripts.v2/pmtop f
+examples/scripts.v2/shprof f
+examples/scripts.noah/PERMISSION f
+examples/scripts.noah/README f
+examples/scripts.noah/aref.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/bash.sub.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/bash_version.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/meta.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/mktmp.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/number.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/prompt.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/remap_keys.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/require.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/send_mail.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/shcat.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/source.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/string.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/stty.bash f
+examples/scripts.noah/y_or_n_p.bash f
LIBSUBDIR = lib
LIBSRC = $(srcdir)/$(LIBSUBDIR)
+LIBBUILD = ${BUILD_DIR}/${LIBSUBDIR}
+
SUBDIR_INCLUDES = -I. @RL_INCLUDE@ -I$(topdir) -I$(topdir)/$(LIBSUBDIR)
BUILD_INCLUDED_LIBINTL = @BUILD_INCLUDED_LIBINTL@
INTL_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)/intl
INTL_LIBDIR = $(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/intl
INTL_ABSSRC = ${topdir}/$(INTL_LIB)
+INTL_BUILDDIR = ${LIBBUILD}/intl
INTL_LIB = @LIBINTL@
INTL_LIBRARY = $(INTL_LIBDIR)/libintl.a
INTL_DEP = @INTL_DEP@
INTL_INC = @INTL_INC@
+LIBINTL_H = @LIBINTL_H@
+
# tests
LIBINTL = @LIBINTL@
LTLIBINTL = @LTLIBINTL@
${INTL_LIBRARY}: config.h ${INTL_LIBDIR}/Makefile
@echo making $@ in ${INTL_LIBDIR}
@(cd ${INTL_LIBDIR} && \
- $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) libintl.a) || exit 1
+ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) all) || exit 1
+
+${LIBINTL_H}: ${INTL_LIBRARY}
mksignames$(EXEEXT): $(SUPPORT_SRC)mksignames.c
$(CC_FOR_BUILD) $(CCFLAGS_FOR_BUILD) -o $@ $(SUPPORT_SRC)mksignames.c
list.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
list.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
list.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
-locale.o: config.h bashtypes.h bashintl.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+locale.o: config.h bashtypes.h bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
locale.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
locale.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
locale.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
variables.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.h
# libintl dependencies
-arrayfunc.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-bashhist.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-bashline.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-braces.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-error.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-eval.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-execute_cmd.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-expr.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-general.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-input.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-jobs.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-mailcheck.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-make_cmd.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-nojobs.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-parse.y: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-pcomplete.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-pcomplib.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-print_cmd.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-redir.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-shell.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-sig.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-siglist.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-subst.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-test.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-trap.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-variables.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-version.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-xmalloc.o: bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+arrayfunc.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+bashhist.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+bashline.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+braces.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+error.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+eval.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+execute_cmd.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+expr.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+general.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+input.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+jobs.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+mailcheck.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+make_cmd.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+nojobs.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+parse.y: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+pcomplete.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+pcomplib.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+print_cmd.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+redir.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+shell.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+sig.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+siglist.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+subst.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+test.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+trap.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+variables.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+version.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+xmalloc.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
# XXX - dependencies checked through here
builtins/complete.o: ${DEFSRC}/common.h ${DEFSRC}/bashgetopt.h
# libintl dependencies
-builtins/bind.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/break.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/caller.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/cd.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/common.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/complete.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/declare.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/enable.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/evalfile.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/exec.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/exit.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/fc.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/fg_bg.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/getopt.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/hash.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/help.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/history.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/inlib.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/jobs.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/kill.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/let.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/mkbuiltins.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/printf.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/pushd.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/read.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/return.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/set.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/setattr.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/shift.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/shopt.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/source.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/suspend.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/type.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/ulimit.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-builtins/umask.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/bind.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/break.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/caller.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/cd.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/common.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/complete.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/declare.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/enable.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/evalfile.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/exec.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/exit.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/fc.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/fg_bg.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/getopt.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/hash.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/help.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/history.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/inlib.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/jobs.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/kill.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/let.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/mkbuiltins.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/printf.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/pushd.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/read.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/return.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/set.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/setattr.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/shift.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/shopt.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/source.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/suspend.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/type.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/ulimit.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/umask.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
# builtin library dependencies
builtins/bind.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/chardefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/readline.h
--- /dev/null
+# Makefile for bash-3.0, version 2.152
+#
+# Copyright (C) 1996-2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+# any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
+
+# Make sure the first target in the makefile is the right one
+all: .made
+
+PACKAGE = @PACKAGE_NAME@
+VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
+
+PACKAGE_BUGREPORT = @PACKAGE_BUGREPORT@
+PACKAGE_NAME = @PACKAGE_NAME@
+PACKAGE_STRING = @PACKAGE_STRING@
+PACKAGE_VERSION = @PACKAGE_VERSION@
+
+# Include some boilerplate Gnu makefile definitions.
+prefix = @prefix@
+
+exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
+bindir = @bindir@
+libdir = @libdir@
+infodir = @infodir@
+includedir = @includedir@
+datadir = @datadir@
+localedir = $(datadir)/locale
+
+mandir = @mandir@
+manpfx = man
+
+man1ext = .1
+man1dir = $(mandir)/$(manpfx)1
+man3ext = .3
+man3dir = $(mandir)/$(manpfx)3
+
+htmldir = @htmldir@
+
+# Support an alternate destination root directory for package building
+DESTDIR =
+
+topdir = @top_srcdir@
+BUILD_DIR = @BUILD_DIR@
+top_builddir = @BUILD_DIR@
+srcdir = @srcdir@
+VPATH = .:@srcdir@
+
+@SET_MAKE@
+CC = @CC@
+CC_FOR_BUILD = @CC_FOR_BUILD@
+YACC = @YACC@
+SHELL = @MAKE_SHELL@
+CP = cp
+RM = rm -f
+AR = @AR@
+ARFLAGS = @ARFLAGS@
+RANLIB = @RANLIB@
+
+INSTALL = @INSTALL@
+INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
+INSTALL_SCRIPT = @INSTALL_SCRIPT@
+INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
+INSTALLMODE= -m 0755
+INSTALLMODE2 = -m 0555
+
+TESTSCRIPT = @TESTSCRIPT@
+
+#If you have purify, and want to use it, uncomment this definition or
+# run the make as `make PURIFY=purify'
+# or run configure with the --with-purify argument.
+PURIFY = @PURIFY@
+
+# Here is a rule for making .o files from .c files that does not
+# force the type of the machine (like -M_MACHINE) into the flags.
+.c.o:
+ $(RM) $@
+ $(CC) $(CCFLAGS) -c $<
+
+EXEEXT = @EXEEXT@
+OBJEXT = @OBJEXT@
+
+# The name of this program and some version information.
+VERSPROG = bashversion$(EXEEXT)
+VERSOBJ = bashversion.$(OBJEXT)
+
+Program = bash$(EXEEXT)
+Version = @BASHVERS@
+PatchLevel = `$(BUILD_DIR)/$(VERSPROG) -p`
+RELSTATUS = @RELSTATUS@
+
+Machine = @host_cpu@
+OS = @host_os@
+VENDOR = @host_vendor@
+MACHTYPE = @host@
+
+# comment out for release
+DEBUG = @DEBUG@
+MALLOC_DEBUG = @MALLOC_DEBUG@
+
+THIS_SH = $(BUILD_DIR)/$(Program)
+
+# PROFILE_FLAGS is either -pg, to generate profiling info for use
+# with gprof, or nothing (the default).
+PROFILE_FLAGS= @PROFILE_FLAGS@
+
+CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
+CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD = @CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD@
+CPPFLAGS = @CPPFLAGS@
+CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD = @CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD@
+LOCAL_CFLAGS = @LOCAL_CFLAGS@ ${DEBUG}
+DEFS = @DEFS@
+LOCAL_DEFS = @LOCAL_DEFS@
+
+LOCALE_DEFS = -DLOCALEDIR='"$(localedir)"' -DPACKAGE='"$(PACKAGE)"'
+
+LOCAL_LIBS = @LOCAL_LIBS@
+LIBS = $(BUILTINS_LIB) $(LIBRARIES) @LIBS@
+STATIC_LD = @STATIC_LD@
+LOCAL_LDFLAGS = @LOCAL_LDFLAGS@
+
+SYSTEM_FLAGS = -DPROGRAM='"$(Program)"' -DCONF_HOSTTYPE='"$(Machine)"' -DCONF_OSTYPE='"$(OS)"' -DCONF_MACHTYPE='"$(MACHTYPE)"' -DCONF_VENDOR='"$(VENDOR)"' $(LOCALE_DEFS)
+
+BASE_CCFLAGS = $(PROFILE_FLAGS) $(SYSTEM_FLAGS) $(LOCAL_DEFS) \
+ $(DEFS) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES)
+
+CCFLAGS = $(BASE_CCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
+
+CCFLAGS_FOR_BUILD = $(BASE_CCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD) $(CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD)
+
+LDFLAGS = @LDFLAGS@ $(STATIC_LD) $(LOCAL_LDFLAGS) $(PROFILE_FLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
+LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD = $(LDFLAGS)
+
+INCLUDES = -I. @RL_INCLUDE@ -I$(srcdir) -I$(BASHINCDIR) -I$(LIBSRC) $(INTL_INC)
+
+GCC_LINT_FLAGS = -Wall -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual \
+ -Wcast-align -Wstrict-prototypes -Wconversion \
+ -Wmissing-prototypes -Wtraditional -Wredundant-decls -pedantic
+
+GCC_LINT_CFLAGS = $(BASE_CCFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(GCC_LINT_FLAGS)
+
+#
+# Support libraries
+#
+
+dot = .
+
+LIBSUBDIR = lib
+LIBSRC = $(srcdir)/$(LIBSUBDIR)
+
+LIBBUILD = ${BUILD_DIR}/${LIBSUBDIR}
+
+SUBDIR_INCLUDES = -I. @RL_INCLUDE@ -I$(topdir) -I$(topdir)/$(LIBSUBDIR)
+
+BUILD_INCLUDED_LIBINTL = @BUILD_INCLUDED_LIBINTL@
+USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL = @USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL@
+
+# the bash library
+# the library is a mix of functions that the C library does not provide on
+# some platforms and general shell utility functions
+SH_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)/sh
+SH_LIBDIR = $(dot)/${LIBSUBDIR}/sh
+SH_ABSSRC = ${topdir}/${SH_LIBSRC}
+
+SHLIB_SOURCE = ${SH_LIBSRC}/clktck.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/getcwd.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/getenv.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/oslib.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/setlinebuf.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/strcasecmp.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strerror.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/strtod.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strtol.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/strtoul.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/vprint.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/itos.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/rename.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/zread.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/zwrite.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/shtty.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/inet_aton.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/netopen.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strpbrk.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/timeval.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/clock.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/makepath.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/pathcanon.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/pathphys.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/stringlist.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/stringvec.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/tmpfile.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/spell.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strtrans.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/strindex.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/shquote.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/snprintf.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/mailstat.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/fmtulong.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/fmtullong.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/strtoll.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strtoull.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/strtoimax.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strtoumax.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/fmtumax.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/netconn.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/mktime.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/strftime.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/memset.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/xstrchr.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/zcatfd.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/shmatch.c
+
+SHLIB_LIB = -lsh
+SHLIB_LIBNAME = libsh.a
+SHLIB_LIBRARY = ${SH_LIBDIR}/${SHLIB_LIBNAME}
+SHLIB_LDFLAGS = -L${SH_LIBDIR}
+SHLIB_DEP = ${SHLIB_LIBRARY}
+
+# we assume for now that readline source is being shipped with bash
+RL_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)/readline
+RL_LIBDOC = $(RL_LIBSRC)/doc
+RL_LIBDIR = @RL_LIBDIR@
+RL_ABSSRC = ${topdir}/$(RL_LIBDIR)
+
+RL_INCLUDEDIR = @RL_INCLUDEDIR@
+
+READLINE_LIB = @READLINE_LIB@
+READLINE_LIBRARY = $(RL_LIBDIR)/libreadline.a
+READLINE_LDFLAGS = -L${RL_LIBDIR}
+READLINE_DEP = @READLINE_DEP@
+
+# The source, object and documentation of the GNU Readline library.
+READLINE_SOURCE = $(RL_LIBSRC)/rldefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlconf.h \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/readline.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/tcap.h \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/chardefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/keymaps.h \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/history.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/histlib.h \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/posixstat.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/tilde.h \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h ${RL_LIBSRC}/xmalloc.h \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlshell.h ${RL_LIBSRC}/rlprivate.h \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/funmap.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/emacs_keymap.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/search.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/vi_keymap.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/keymaps.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/parens.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/vi_mode.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/callback.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/readline.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/tilde.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/rltty.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/complete.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/bind.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/isearch.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/display.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/signals.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/util.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/kill.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/text.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/undo.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/macro.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/terminal.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/nls.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/input.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/xmalloc.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/shell.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/savestring.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/misc.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/mbutil.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/compat.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/histexpand.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/history.c \
+ $(RL_LIBSRC)/histsearch.c $(RL_LIBSRC)/histfile.c
+
+READLINE_OBJ = $(RL_LIBDIR)/readline.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/funmap.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/parens.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/search.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/keymaps.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/xmalloc.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/rltty.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/complete.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/bind.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/isearch.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/display.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/signals.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/tilde.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/util.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/kill.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/undo.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/nls.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/macro.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/input.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/terminal.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/callback.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/shell.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/savestring.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/mbutil.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/compat.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/history.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/histexpand.o \
+ $(RL_LIBDIR)/histsearch.o $(RL_LIBDIR)/histfile.o
+
+HIST_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)/readline
+HIST_LIBDIR = @HIST_LIBDIR@
+HIST_ABSSRC = ${topdir}/$(HIST_LIBDIR)
+
+HISTORY_LIB = @HISTORY_LIB@
+HISTORY_LIBRARY = $(HIST_LIBDIR)/libhistory.a
+HISTORY_LDFLAGS = -L$(HIST_LIBDIR)
+HISTORY_DEP = @HISTORY_DEP@
+
+# The source, object and documentation of the history library.
+HISTORY_SOURCE = $(HIST_LIBSRC)/history.c $(HIST_LIBSRC)/histexpand.c \
+ $(HIST_LIBSRC)/histsearch.c $(HIST_LIBSRC)/histfile.c \
+ $(HIST_LIBSRC)/shell.c \
+ $(HIST_LIBSRC)/history.h $(HIST_LIBSRC)/histlib.h
+HISTORY_OBJ = $(HIST_LIBDIR)/history.o $(HIST_LIBDIR)/histexpand.o \
+ $(HIST_LIBDIR)/histsearch.o $(HIST_LIBDIR)/histfile.o \
+ $(HIST_LIBDIR)/shell.o
+
+# You only need termcap (or curses) if you are linking with GNU Readline.
+TERM_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)/termcap
+TERM_LIBDIR = $(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/termcap
+TERM_ABSSRC = ${topdir}/$(TERM_LIBDIR)
+
+TERMCAP_LIB = @TERMCAP_LIB@
+TERMCAP_LIBRARY = $(TERM_LIBDIR)/libtermcap.a
+TERMCAP_LDFLAGS = -L$(TERM_LIBDIR)
+TERMCAP_DEP = @TERMCAP_DEP@
+
+TERMCAP_SOURCE = $(TERM_LIBSRC)/termcap.c $(TERM_LIBSRC)/tparam.c
+TERMCAP_OBJ = $(TERM_LIBDIR)/termcap.o $(TERM_LIBDIR)/tparam.o
+
+GLOB_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)/glob
+GLOB_LIBDIR = $(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/glob
+GLOB_ABSSRC = ${topdir}/$(GLOB_LIBDIR)
+
+GLOB_LIB = -lglob
+GLOB_LIBRARY = $(GLOB_LIBDIR)/libglob.a
+GLOB_LDFLAGS = -L$(GLOB_LIBDIR)
+GLOB_DEP = $(GLOB_LIBRARY)
+
+GLOB_SOURCE = $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/glob.c $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/strmatch.c \
+ $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/smatch.c $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/xmbsrtowcs.c \
+ $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/glob_loop.c $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/sm_loop.c \
+ $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/glob.h $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/strmatch.h
+GLOB_OBJ = $(GLOB_LIBDIR)/glob.o $(GLOB_LIBDIR)/strmatch.o \
+ $(GLOB_LIBDIR)/smatch.o $(GLOB_LIBDIR)/xmbsrtowcs.o
+
+# The source, object and documentation for the GNU Tilde library.
+TILDE_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)/tilde
+TILDE_LIBDIR = $(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/tilde
+TILDE_ABSSRC = ${topdir}/$(TILDE_LIBDIR)
+
+TILDE_LIB = -ltilde
+TILDE_LIBRARY = $(TILDE_LIBDIR)/libtilde.a
+TILDE_LDFLAGS = -L$(TILDE_LIBDIR)
+TILDE_DEP = $(TILDE_LIBRARY)
+
+TILDE_SOURCE = $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.c $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.h
+TILDE_OBJ = $(TILDE_LIBDIR)/tilde.o
+
+# libintl
+INTL_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)/intl
+INTL_LIBDIR = $(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/intl
+INTL_ABSSRC = ${topdir}/$(INTL_LIB)
+INTL_BUILDDIR = ${LIBBUILD}/intl
+
+INTL_LIB = @LIBINTL@
+INTL_LIBRARY = $(INTL_LIBDIR)/libintl.a
+INTL_DEP = @INTL_DEP@
+INTL_INC = @INTL_INC@
+
+LIBINTL_H = @LIBINTL_H@
+
+# tests
+LIBINTL = @LIBINTL@
+LTLIBINTL = @LTLIBINTL@
+INTLLIBS = @INTLLIBS@
+INTLOBJS = @INTLOBJS@
+
+# Our malloc.
+MALLOC_TARGET = @MALLOC_TARGET@
+
+# set to alloca.o if we are using the C alloca in lib/malloc
+ALLOCA = @ALLOCA@
+
+ALLOC_LIBSRC = $(LIBSRC)/malloc
+ALLOC_LIBDIR = $(dot)/$(LIBSUBDIR)/malloc
+ALLOC_ABSSRC = ${topdir}/$(ALLOC_LIBDIR)
+
+MALLOC_SRC = @MALLOC_SRC@
+MALLOC_OTHERSRC = ${ALLOC_LIBSRC}/trace.c ${ALLOC_LIBSRC}/stats.c \
+ ${ALLOC_LIBSRC}/table.c ${ALLOC_LIBSRC}/watch.c
+MALLOC_SOURCE = ${ALLOC_LIBSRC}/${MALLOC_SRC} ${MALLOC_OTHERSRC}
+MALLOC_CFLAGS = -DRCHECK -Dbotch=programming_error ${MALLOC_DEBUG}
+
+MALLOC_LIB = @MALLOC_LIB@
+MALLOC_LIBRARY = @MALLOC_LIBRARY@
+MALLOC_LDFLAGS = @MALLOC_LDFLAGS@
+MALLOC_DEP = @MALLOC_DEP@
+
+ALLOC_HEADERS = $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/getpagesize.h $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/shmalloc.h \
+ $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/imalloc.h $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/mstats.h \
+ $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/table.h $(ALLOC_LIBSRC)/watch.h
+
+$(MALLOC_LIBRARY): ${MALLOC_SOURCE} ${ALLOC_HEADERS} config.h
+ @(cd $(ALLOC_LIBDIR) && \
+ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) \
+ MALLOC_CFLAGS="$(MALLOC_CFLAGS)" ${MALLOC_TARGET} ) || exit 1
+
+BASHINCDIR = ${srcdir}/include
+BASHINCFILES = $(BASHINCDIR)/posixstat.h $(BASHINCDIR)/ansi_stdlib.h \
+ $(BASHINCDIR)/filecntl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/posixdir.h \
+ $(BASHINCDIR)/memalloc.h $(BASHINCDIR)/stdc.h \
+ $(BASHINCDIR)/posixjmp.h $(BASHINCDIR)/posixwait.h \
+ $(BASHINCDIR)/posixtime.h $(BASHINCDIR)/systimes.h \
+ $(BASHINCDIR)/unionwait.h $(BASHINCDIR)/maxpath.h \
+ $(BASHINCDIR)/shtty.h $(BASHINCDIR)/typemax.h \
+ $(BASHINCDIR)/ocache.h
+
+LIBRARIES = $(SHLIB_LIB) $(READLINE_LIB) $(HISTORY_LIB) $(TERMCAP_LIB) $(GLOB_LIB) \
+ $(TILDE_LIB) $(MALLOC_LIB) $(INTL_LIB) $(LOCAL_LIBS)
+
+LIBDEP = $(SHLIB_DEP) $(INTL_DEP) $(READLINE_DEP) $(HISTORY_DEP) $(TERMCAP_DEP) $(GLOB_DEP) \
+ $(TILDE_DEP) $(MALLOC_DEP)
+
+LIBRARY_LDFLAGS = $(READLINE_LDFLAGS) $(HISTORY_LDFLAGS) $(GLOB_LDFLAGS) \
+ $(TILDE_LDFLAGS) $(MALLOC_LDFLAGS) $(SHLIB_LDFLAGS)
+
+#
+# The shell itself
+#
+
+# The main source code for the Bourne Again SHell.
+CSOURCES = shell.c eval.c parse.y general.c make_cmd.c print_cmd.c y.tab.c \
+ dispose_cmd.c execute_cmd.c variables.c $(GLOBC) version.c \
+ expr.c copy_cmd.c flags.c subst.c hashcmd.c hashlib.c mailcheck.c \
+ test.c trap.c alias.c jobs.c nojobs.c $(ALLOC_FILES) braces.c \
+ input.c bashhist.c array.c arrayfunc.c sig.c pathexp.c \
+ unwind_prot.c siglist.c bashline.c bracecomp.c error.c \
+ list.c stringlib.c locale.c findcmd.c redir.c \
+ pcomplete.c pcomplib.c syntax.c xmalloc.c
+
+HSOURCES = shell.h flags.h trap.h hashcmd.h hashlib.h jobs.h builtins.h \
+ general.h variables.h config.h $(ALLOC_HEADERS) alias.h \
+ quit.h unwind_prot.h syntax.h ${GRAM_H} \
+ command.h input.h error.h bashansi.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h \
+ subst.h externs.h siglist.h bashhist.h bashline.h bashtypes.h \
+ array.h arrayfunc.h sig.h mailcheck.h bashintl.h bashjmp.h \
+ execute_cmd.h parser.h pathexp.h pathnames.h pcomplete.h \
+ $(BASHINCFILES)
+
+SOURCES = $(CSOURCES) $(HSOURCES) $(BUILTIN_DEFS)
+
+# header files chosen based on running of configure
+SIGNAMES_H = @SIGNAMES_H@
+
+# object files chosen based on running of configure
+JOBS_O = @JOBS_O@
+SIGLIST_O = @SIGLIST_O@
+
+# Matching object files.
+OBJECTS = shell.o eval.o y.tab.o general.o make_cmd.o print_cmd.o $(GLOBO) \
+ dispose_cmd.o execute_cmd.o variables.o copy_cmd.o error.o \
+ expr.o flags.o $(JOBS_O) subst.o hashcmd.o hashlib.o mailcheck.o \
+ trap.o input.o unwind_prot.o pathexp.o sig.o test.o version.o \
+ alias.o array.o arrayfunc.o braces.o bracecomp.o bashhist.o \
+ bashline.o $(SIGLIST_O) list.o stringlib.o locale.o findcmd.o redir.o \
+ pcomplete.o pcomplib.o syntax.o xmalloc.o
+
+# Where the source code of the shell builtins resides.
+BUILTIN_SRCDIR=$(srcdir)/builtins
+DEFSRC=$(BUILTIN_SRCDIR)
+BUILTIN_ABSSRC=${topdir}/builtins
+DEFDIR = $(dot)/builtins
+DEBUGGER_DIR = $(dot)/debugger
+
+BUILTIN_DEFS = $(DEFSRC)/alias.def $(DEFSRC)/bind.def $(DEFSRC)/break.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/builtin.def $(DEFSRC)/cd.def $(DEFSRC)/colon.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/command.def ${DEFSRC}/complete.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/caller.def $(DEFSRC)/declare.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/echo.def $(DEFSRC)/enable.def $(DEFSRC)/eval.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/exec.def $(DEFSRC)/exit.def $(DEFSRC)/fc.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/fg_bg.def $(DEFSRC)/hash.def $(DEFSRC)/help.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/history.def $(DEFSRC)/jobs.def $(DEFSRC)/kill.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/let.def $(DEFSRC)/read.def $(DEFSRC)/return.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/set.def $(DEFSRC)/setattr.def $(DEFSRC)/shift.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/source.def $(DEFSRC)/suspend.def $(DEFSRC)/test.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/times.def $(DEFSRC)/trap.def $(DEFSRC)/type.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/ulimit.def $(DEFSRC)/umask.def $(DEFSRC)/wait.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/getopts.def $(DEFSRC)/reserved.def \
+ $(DEFSRC)/pushd.def $(DEFSRC)/shopt.def $(DEFSRC)/printf.def
+BUILTIN_C_SRC = $(DEFSRC)/mkbuiltins.c $(DEFSRC)/common.c \
+ $(DEFSRC)/evalstring.c $(DEFSRC)/evalfile.c \
+ $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.c $(GETOPT_SOURCE)
+BUILTIN_C_OBJ = $(DEFDIR)/common.o $(DEFDIR)/evalstring.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/evalfile.o $(DEFDIR)/bashgetopt.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS = $(DEFDIR)/alias.o $(DEFDIR)/bind.o $(DEFDIR)/break.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/builtin.o $(DEFDIR)/cd.o $(DEFDIR)/colon.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/command.o $(DEFDIR)/caller.o $(DEFDIR)/declare.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/echo.o $(DEFDIR)/enable.o $(DEFDIR)/eval.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/exec.o $(DEFDIR)/exit.o $(DEFDIR)/fc.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/fg_bg.o $(DEFDIR)/hash.o $(DEFDIR)/help.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/history.o $(DEFDIR)/jobs.o $(DEFDIR)/kill.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/let.o $(DEFDIR)/pushd.o $(DEFDIR)/read.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/return.o $(DEFDIR)/shopt.o $(DEFDIR)/printf.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/set.o $(DEFDIR)/setattr.o $(DEFDIR)/shift.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/source.o $(DEFDIR)/suspend.o $(DEFDIR)/test.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/times.o $(DEFDIR)/trap.o $(DEFDIR)/type.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/ulimit.o $(DEFDIR)/umask.o $(DEFDIR)/wait.o \
+ $(DEFDIR)/getopts.o $(BUILTIN_C_OBJ)
+GETOPT_SOURCE = $(DEFSRC)/getopt.c $(DEFSRC)/getopt.h
+PSIZE_SOURCE = $(DEFSRC)/psize.sh $(DEFSRC)/psize.c
+
+BUILTINS_LIBRARY = $(DEFDIR)/libbuiltins.a
+BUILTINS_LIB = -lbuiltins
+BUILTINS_LDFLAGS = -L$(DEFDIR)
+BUILTINS_DEP = $(BUILTINS_LIBRARY)
+
+# Documentation for the shell.
+DOCSRC = $(srcdir)/doc
+DOCDIR = $(dot)/doc
+
+# Translations and other i18n support files
+PO_SRC = $(srcdir)/po/
+PO_DIR = $(dot)/po/
+
+SIGNAMES_SUPPORT = $(SUPPORT_SRC)mksignames.c
+
+SUPPORT_SRC = $(srcdir)/support/
+SDIR = $(dot)/support/
+
+TESTS_SUPPORT = recho$(EXEEXT) zecho$(EXEEXT) printenv$(EXEEXT)
+CREATED_SUPPORT = signames.h recho$(EXEEXT) zecho$(EXEEXT) printenv$(EXEEXT) \
+ tests/recho$(EXEEXT) tests/zecho$(EXEEXT) \
+ tests/printenv$(EXEEXT) mksignames$(EXEEXT) lsignames.h \
+ mksyntax${EXEEXT} syntax.c $(VERSPROG) $(VERSOBJ) \
+ buildversion.o
+CREATED_CONFIGURE = config.h config.cache config.status config.log \
+ stamp-h po/POTFILES
+CREATED_MAKEFILES = Makefile builtins/Makefile doc/Makefile \
+ lib/readline/Makefile lib/glob/Makefile \
+ lib/sh/Makefile lib/tilde/Makefile lib/malloc/Makefile \
+ lib/termcap/Makefile examples/loadables/Makefile \
+ examples/loadables/perl/Makefile support/Makefile \
+ lib/intl/Makefile po/Makefile po/Makefile.in
+
+# Keep GNU Make from exporting the entire environment for small machines.
+.NOEXPORT:
+
+.made: $(Program) bashbug
+ @echo "$(Program) last made for a $(Machine) running $(OS)" >.made
+
+$(Program): .build $(OBJECTS) $(BUILTINS_DEP) $(LIBDEP)
+ $(RM) $@
+ $(PURIFY) $(CC) $(BUILTINS_LDFLAGS) $(LIBRARY_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(Program) $(OBJECTS) $(LIBS)
+ ls -l $(Program)
+ size $(Program)
+
+.build: $(SOURCES) config.h Makefile version.h $(VERSPROG)
+ @echo
+ @echo " ***********************************************************"
+ @echo " * *"
+ @echo " * `$(BUILD_DIR)/$(VERSPROG) -l`"
+ @echo " * *"
+ @echo " ***********************************************************"
+ @echo
+
+bashbug: $(SUPPORT_SRC)bashbug.sh config.h Makefile $(VERSPROG)
+ @sed -e "s%!MACHINE!%$(Machine)%" -e "s%!OS!%$(OS)%" \
+ -e "s%!CFLAGS!%$(CCFLAGS)%" -e "s%!CC!%$(CC)%" \
+ -e "s%!RELEASE!%$(Version)%" -e "s%!PATCHLEVEL!%$(PatchLevel)%" \
+ -e "s%!MACHTYPE!%$(MACHTYPE)%" -e "s%!RELSTATUS!%$(RELSTATUS)%" \
+ $(SUPPORT_SRC)bashbug.sh > $@
+ @chmod a+rx bashbug
+
+strip: $(Program) .made
+ strip $(Program)
+ ls -l $(Program)
+ size $(Program)
+
+lint:
+ ${MAKE} ${MFLAGS} CFLAGS='${GCC_LINT_FLAGS}' .made
+
+version.h: $(SOURCES) config.h Makefile
+ $(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRC)mkversion.sh -b -S ${topdir} -s $(RELSTATUS) -d $(Version) -o newversion.h \
+ && mv newversion.h version.h
+
+bashversion$(EXEEXT): patchlevel.h conftypes.h version.h buildversion.o $(SUPPORT_SRC)bashversion.c
+ $(CC_FOR_BUILD) $(CCFLAGS_FOR_BUILD) -o $@ $(SUPPORT_SRC)bashversion.c buildversion.o
+
+buildversion.o: version.h conftypes.h patchlevel.h $(srcdir)/version.c
+ $(CC_FOR_BUILD) $(CCFLAGS_FOR_BUILD) -DBUILDTOOL -c -o $@ $(srcdir)/version.c
+
+# old rules
+GRAM_H = parser-built
+y.tab.o: y.tab.c ${GRAM_H} command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h input.h
+${GRAM_H}: y.tab.h
+ @-if test -f y.tab.h ; then \
+ cmp -s $@ y.tab.h 2>/dev/null || cp -p y.tab.h $@; \
+ fi
+y.tab.c y.tab.h: parse.y
+# -if test -f y.tab.h; then mv -f y.tab.h old-y.tab.h; fi
+ $(YACC) -d $(srcdir)/parse.y
+ touch parser-built
+# -if cmp -s old-y.tab.h y.tab.h; then mv old-y.tab.h y.tab.h; else cp -p y.tab.h ${GRAM_H}; fi
+
+# experimental new rules - work with GNU make but not BSD (or OSF) make
+#y.tab.o: y.tab.c y.tab.h
+#y.tab.c y.tab.h: parse.y command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h input.h
+# -if test -f y.tab.h; then mv -f y.tab.h old-y.tab.h; fi
+# $(YACC) -d $(srcdir)/parse.y
+# -if cmp -s old-y.tab.h y.tab.h; then mv old-y.tab.h y.tab.h; fi
+
+$(READLINE_LIBRARY): config.h $(READLINE_SOURCE)
+ @echo making $@ in ${RL_LIBDIR}
+ @( { test "${RL_LIBDIR}" = "${libdir}" && exit 0; } || \
+ cd ${RL_LIBDIR} && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) libreadline.a) || exit 1
+
+$(HISTORY_LIBRARY): config.h $(HISTORY_SOURCE)
+ @echo making $@ in ${HIST_LIBDIR}
+ @( { test "${HIST_LIBDIR}" = "${libdir}" && exit 0; } || \
+ cd ${HIST_LIBDIR} && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) libhistory.a) || exit 1
+
+$(GLOB_LIBRARY): config.h $(GLOB_SOURCE)
+ @echo making $@ in ${GLOB_LIBDIR}
+ @(cd ${GLOB_LIBDIR} && \
+ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DEBUG=${DEBUG} libglob.a) || exit 1
+
+$(TILDE_LIBRARY): config.h $(TILDE_SOURCE)
+ @echo making $@ in ${TILDE_LIBDIR}
+ @(cd ${TILDE_LIBDIR} && \
+ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) libtilde.a) || exit 1
+
+$(TERMCAP_LIBRARY): config.h ${TERMCAP_SOURCE}
+ @echo making $@ in ${TERM_LIBDIR}
+ @(cd ${TERM_LIBDIR} && \
+ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) libtermcap.a) || exit 1
+
+$(SHLIB_LIBRARY): config.h ${SHLIB_SOURCE}
+ @echo making $@ in ${SH_LIBDIR}
+ @(cd ${SH_LIBDIR} && \
+ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DEBUG=${DEBUG} ${SHLIB_LIBNAME}) || exit 1
+
+${INTL_LIBRARY}: config.h ${INTL_LIBDIR}/Makefile
+ @echo making $@ in ${INTL_LIBDIR}
+ @(cd ${INTL_LIBDIR} && \
+ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) libintl.a) || exit 1
+
+${LIBINTL_H}: ${INTL_LIBRARY}
+
+mksignames$(EXEEXT): $(SUPPORT_SRC)mksignames.c
+ $(CC_FOR_BUILD) $(CCFLAGS_FOR_BUILD) -o $@ $(SUPPORT_SRC)mksignames.c
+
+mksyntax$(EXEEXT): ${srcdir}/mksyntax.c config.h syntax.h ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+ ${CC_FOR_BUILD} ${CCFLAGS_FOR_BUILD} -o $@ ${srcdir}/mksyntax.c
+
+# make a list of signals for the local system -- this is done when we're
+# *not* cross-compiling
+lsignames.h: mksignames$(EXEEXT)
+ $(RM) $@
+ ./mksignames $@
+
+# copy the correct signames header file to signames.h
+signames.h: $(SIGNAMES_H)
+ -if cmp -s $(SIGNAMES_H) $@ ; then :; else $(RM) $@ ; $(CP) $(SIGNAMES_H) $@ ; fi
+
+syntax.c: mksyntax${EXEEXT} $(srcdir)/syntax.h
+ $(RM) $@
+ ./mksyntax -o $@
+
+$(BUILTINS_LIBRARY): $(BUILTIN_DEFS) $(BUILTIN_C_SRC) config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h version.h
+ @(cd $(DEFDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DEBUG=${DEBUG} libbuiltins.a ) || exit 1
+
+# these require special rules to circumvent make builtin rules
+${DEFDIR}/common.o: $(BUILTIN_SRCDIR)/common.c
+ @(cd $(DEFDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DEBUG=${DEBUG} common.o) || exit 1
+
+${DEFDIR}/bashgetopt.o: $(BUILTIN_SRCDIR)/bashgetopt.c
+ @(cd $(DEFDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DEBUG=${DEBUG} bashgetopt.o) || exit 1
+
+${DEFDIR}/builtext.h: $(BUILTIN_DEFS)
+ @(cd $(DEFDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) builtext.h ) || exit 1
+
+# For the justification of the following Makefile rules, see node
+# `Automatic Remaking' in GNU Autoconf documentation.
+
+Makefile makefile: config.status $(srcdir)/Makefile.in
+ CONFIG_FILES=Makefile CONFIG_HEADERS= $(SHELL) ./config.status
+
+pathnames.h: config.status $(srcdir)/Makefile.in
+ CONFIG_HEADERS= $(SHELL) ./config.status
+
+Makefiles makefiles: config.status $(srcdir)/Makefile.in
+ @for mf in $(CREATED_MAKEFILES); do \
+ CONFIG_FILES=$$mf CONFIG_HEADERS= $(SHELL) ./config.status ; \
+ done
+
+config.h: stamp-h
+
+stamp-h: config.status $(srcdir)/config.h.in $(srcdir)/config-top.h $(srcdir)/config-bot.h
+ CONFIG_FILES= CONFIG_HEADERS=config.h $(SHELL) ./config.status
+
+config.status: $(srcdir)/configure
+ $(SHELL) ./config.status --recheck
+
+# comment out for distribution
+$(srcdir)/configure: $(srcdir)/configure.in $(srcdir)/aclocal.m4 $(srcdir)/config.h.in
+ cd $(srcdir) && autoconf
+
+# for chet
+reconfig: force
+ sh $(srcdir)/configure
+
+#newversion: mkversion
+# $(RM) .build
+# ./mkversion -dir $(srcdir) -dist
+# mv -f newversion.h version.h
+# $(MAKE) -f $(srcdir)/Makefile $(MFLAGS) srcdir=$(srcdir)
+
+doc documentation: force
+ @(cd $(DOCDIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) )
+
+info dvi ps: force
+ @(cd $(DOCDIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) CFLAGS='$(CCFLAGS)' $@ )
+
+force:
+
+tags: $(SOURCES) $(BUILTIN_C_SRC) $(LIBRARY_SOURCE)
+ etags $(SOURCES) $(BUILTIN_C_SRC) $(LIBRARY_SOURCE)
+
+TAGS: $(SOURCES) $(BUILTIN_C_SRC) $(LIBRARY_SOURCE)
+ ctags -x $(SOURCES) $(BUILTIN_C_SRC) $(LIBRARY_SOURCE) > $@
+
+# Targets that actually do things not part of the build
+
+installdirs:
+ @${SHELL} $(SUPPORT_SRC)mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)
+ @${SHELL} $(SUPPORT_SRC)mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+ @${SHELL} $(SUPPORT_SRC)mkinstalldirs $(DESTDIR)$(infodir)
+ -( cd $(PO_DIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) $@ )
+
+install: .made installdirs
+ $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $(INSTALLMODE) $(Program) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$(Program)
+ $(INSTALL_SCRIPT) $(INSTALLMODE2) bashbug $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/bashbug
+ -( cd $(DOCDIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) \
+ man1dir=$(man1dir) man1ext=$(man1ext) \
+ man3dir=$(man3dir) man3ext=$(man3ext) \
+ infodir=$(infodir) htmldir=$(htmldir) DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) $@ )
+ -( cd $(DEFDIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) $@ )
+ -( cd $(PO_DIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) $@ )
+
+install-strip:
+ $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) INSTALL_PROGRAM='$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) -s' \
+ prefix=${prefix} exec_prefix=${exec_prefix} \
+ DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) install
+
+uninstall: .made
+ $(RM) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/$(Program) $(DESTDIR)$(bindir)/bashbug
+ -( cd $(DOCDIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) \
+ man1dir=$(man1dir) man1ext=$(man1ext) \
+ man3dir=$(man3dir) man3ext=$(man3ext) \
+ infodir=$(infodir) htmldir=$(htmldir) DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) $@ )
+ -( cd $(PO_DIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) $@ )
+
+.PHONY: basic-clean clean realclean maintainer-clean distclean mostlyclean maybe-clean
+
+LIB_SUBDIRS = ${RL_LIBDIR} ${HIST_LIBDIR} ${TERM_LIBDIR} ${GLOB_LIBDIR} \
+ ${INTL_LIBDIR} ${TILDE_LIBDIR} ${ALLOC_LIBDIR} ${SH_LIBDIR}
+
+basic-clean:
+ $(RM) $(OBJECTS) $(Program) bashbug
+ $(RM) .build .made version.h pathnames.h
+
+clean: basic-clean
+ ( cd $(DOCDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ ( cd builtins && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ -( cd $(SDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ -for libdir in ${LIB_SUBDIRS}; do \
+ (cd $$libdir && test -f Makefile && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@) ;\
+ done
+ -( cd $(PO_DIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) $@ )
+ $(RM) $(CREATED_SUPPORT)
+
+mostlyclean: basic-clean
+ ( cd $(DOCDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ ( cd builtins && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ -( cd $(SDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ -for libdir in ${LIB_SUBDIRS}; do \
+ (cd $$libdir && test -f Makefile && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@) ;\
+ done
+ -( cd $(PO_DIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) $@ )
+
+distclean: basic-clean maybe-clean
+ ( cd $(DOCDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ ( cd builtins && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ -( cd $(SDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ -for libdir in ${LIB_SUBDIRS}; do \
+ (cd $$libdir && test -f Makefile && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@) ;\
+ done
+ -( cd $(PO_DIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) $@ )
+ $(RM) $(CREATED_CONFIGURE) tags TAGS
+ $(RM) $(CREATED_SUPPORT) Makefile $(CREATED_MAKEFILES)
+
+maintainer-clean: basic-clean
+ @echo This command is intended for maintainers to use.
+ @echo It deletes files that may require special tools to rebuild.
+ $(RM) y.tab.c y.tab.h parser-built tags TAGS
+ ( cd $(DOCDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ ( cd builtins && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ ( cd $(SDIR) && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@ )
+ -for libdir in ${LIB_SUBDIRS}; do \
+ (cd $$libdir && test -f Makefile && $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) $@) ;\
+ done
+ -( cd $(PO_DIR) ; $(MAKE) $(MFLAGS) DESTDIR=$(DESTDIR) $@ )
+ $(RM) $(CREATED_CONFIGURE) $(CREATED_MAKEFILES)
+ $(RM) $(CREATED_SUPPORT) Makefile
+
+maybe-clean:
+ -if test "X$(topdir)" != "X$(BUILD_DIR)" ; then \
+ $(RM) parser-built y.tab.c y.tab.h ; \
+ fi
+
+recho$(EXEEXT): $(SUPPORT_SRC)recho.c
+ @$(CC_FOR_BUILD) $(CCFLAGS_FOR_BUILD) -o $@ $(SUPPORT_SRC)recho.c
+
+zecho$(EXEEXT): $(SUPPORT_SRC)zecho.c
+ @$(CC_FOR_BUILD) $(CCFLAGS_FOR_BUILD) -o $@ $(SUPPORT_SRC)zecho.c
+
+printenv$(EXEEXT): $(SUPPORT_SRC)printenv.c
+ @$(CC_FOR_BUILD) $(CCFLAGS_FOR_BUILD) -o $@ $(SUPPORT_SRC)printenv.c
+
+test tests check: force $(Program) $(TESTS_SUPPORT)
+ @-test -d tests || mkdir tests
+ @cp $(TESTS_SUPPORT) tests
+ @( cd $(srcdir)/tests && \
+ PATH=$$PATH:$(BUILD_DIR)/tests THIS_SH=$(THIS_SH) $(SHELL) ${TESTSCRIPT} )
+
+symlinks:
+ $(SHELL) $(SUPPORT_SRC)fixlinks -s $(srcdir)
+
+dist: force
+ @echo Bash distributions are created using $(srcdir)/support/mkdist.
+ @echo Here is a sample of the necessary commands:
+ @echo $(Program) $(srcdir)/support/mkdist -m $(srcdir)/MANIFEST -s $(srcdir) -r ${PACKAGE} $(PACKAGE_VERSION)
+ @echo tar cf $(PACKAGE)-${PACKAGE_VERSION}.tar ${PACKAGE}-$(PACKAGE_VERSION)
+ @echo gzip $(PACKAGE)-$(PACKAGE_VERSION).tar
+
+depend: depends
+
+depends: force
+ $(Program) $(SUPPORT_SRC)mkdep -c ${CC} -- ${CCFLAGS} ${CSOURCES}
+
+#### PRIVATE TARGETS ####
+hashtest: hashlib.c
+ $(CC) -DTEST_HASHING $(CCFLAGS) -o $@ $(srcdir)/hashlib.c
+
+############################ DEPENDENCIES ###############################
+
+# Files that depend on the definitions in config-top.h, which are not meant
+# to be changed
+shell.o: config-top.h
+input.o: config-top.h
+y.tab.o: config-top.h
+jobs.o: config-top.h
+nojobs.o: config-top.h
+execute_cmd.o: config-top.h
+variables.o: config-top.h
+builtins/command.o: config-top.h
+builtins/common.o: config-top.h
+builtins/break.o: config-top.h
+builtins/echo.o: config-top.h
+builtins/evalstring.o: config-top.h
+builtins/exit.o: config-top.h
+builtins/kill.o: config-top.h
+
+# shell basics
+copy_cmd.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+copy_cmd.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+copy_cmd.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+copy_cmd.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+dispose_cmd.o: bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+dispose_cmd.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+dispose_cmd.o: error.h general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+dispose_cmd.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+dispose_cmd.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+dispose_cmd.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/ocache.h
+error.o: config.h bashtypes.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h flags.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+error.o: command.h general.h xmalloc.h externs.h input.h bashhist.h
+error.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+error.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+error.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+error.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+error.o: input.h execute_cmd.h
+eval.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h trap.h flags.h ${DEFSRC}/common.h
+eval.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+eval.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+eval.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+eval.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+eval.o: input.h execute_cmd.h
+execute_cmd.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+execute_cmd.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+execute_cmd.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+execute_cmd.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+execute_cmd.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+execute_cmd.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h ${GRAM_H} flags.h builtins.h jobs.h quit.h siglist.h
+execute_cmd.o: execute_cmd.h findcmd.h redir.h trap.h test.h pathexp.h
+execute_cmd.o: $(DEFSRC)/common.h ${DEFDIR}/builtext.h ${GLOB_LIBSRC}/strmatch.h
+execute_cmd.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/posixtime.h ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+expr.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+expr.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+expr.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+expr.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+expr.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+expr.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+findcmd.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashansi.h
+findcmd.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h
+findcmd.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h
+findcmd.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+findcmd.o: flags.h hashlib.h pathexp.h hashcmd.h
+findcmd.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+flags.o: config.h flags.h
+flags.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+flags.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+flags.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+flags.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h bashhist.h
+general.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+general.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+general.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+general.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+general.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+general.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixtime.h
+general.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+hashcmd.o: config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashtypes.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+hashcmd.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+hashcmd.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashcmd.h
+hashcmd.o: execute_cmd.h findcmd.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h hashlib.h
+hashlib.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+hashlib.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+hashlib.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+hashlib.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+hashlib.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+input.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+input.o: command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h general.h xmalloc.h input.h error.h externs.h
+list.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+list.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+list.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+list.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+locale.o: config.h bashtypes.h bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+locale.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+locale.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+locale.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+locale.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+locale.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+mailcheck.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+mailcheck.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/posixtime.h
+mailcheck.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+mailcheck.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+mailcheck.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+mailcheck.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+mailcheck.o: execute_cmd.h mailcheck.h
+make_cmd.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h bashansi.h
+make_cmd.o: command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h general.h xmalloc.h error.h flags.h make_cmd.h
+make_cmd.o: variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h subst.h input.h externs.h
+make_cmd.o: jobs.h quit.h siglist.h syntax.h dispose_cmd.h
+make_cmd.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbutil.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ocache.h
+y.tab.o: config.h bashtypes.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h
+y.tab.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+y.tab.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+y.tab.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+y.tab.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h test.h
+y.tab.o: trap.h flags.h parser.h input.h mailcheck.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+y.tab.o: $(DEFDIR)/builtext.h bashline.h bashhist.h jobs.h siglist.h alias.h
+pathexp.o: config.h bashtypes.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+pathexp.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+pathexp.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+pathexp.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+pathexp.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+pathexp.o: pathexp.h flags.h
+pathexp.o: $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/glob.h $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/strmatch.h
+pathexp.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbutil.h
+print_cmd.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+print_cmd.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+print_cmd.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+print_cmd.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+print_cmd.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+print_cmd.o: ${GRAM_H} $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+redir.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h
+redir.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+redir.o: general.h xmalloc.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h
+redir.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+redir.o: flags.h execute_cmd.h redir.h input.h
+shell.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h
+shell.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+shell.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+shell.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+shell.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+shell.o: flags.h trap.h mailcheck.h builtins.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+shell.o: jobs.h siglist.h input.h execute_cmd.h findcmd.h bashhist.h
+shell.o: ${GLOB_LIBSRC}/strmatch.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixtime.h
+sig.o: config.h bashtypes.h
+sig.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+sig.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+sig.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+sig.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+sig.o: jobs.h siglist.h trap.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h bashline.h bashhist.h
+siglist.o: config.h bashtypes.h siglist.h trap.h
+stringlib.o: bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+stringlib.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+stringlib.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+stringlib.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+stringlib.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+stringlib.o: ${GLOB_LIBSRC}/glob.h ${GLOB_LIBSRC}/strmatch.h
+subst.o: config.h bashtypes.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h
+subst.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+subst.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+subst.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+subst.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+subst.o: flags.h jobs.h siglist.h execute_cmd.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h trap.h pathexp.h
+subst.o: mailcheck.h input.h $(DEFSRC)/getopt.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+subst.o: bashline.h bashhist.h ${GLOB_LIBSRC}/strmatch.h
+subst.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+subst.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbutil.h
+test.o: bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h
+test.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+test.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+test.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+test.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h test.h
+test.o: ${DEFSRC}/common.h
+trap.o: config.h bashtypes.h trap.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+trap.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+trap.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+trap.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+trap.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+trap.o: signames.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+trap.o: ${DEFDIR}/builtext.h
+unwind_prot.o: config.h bashtypes.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+unwind_prot.o: general.h xmalloc.h unwind_prot.h quit.h sig.h
+variables.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+variables.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+variables.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+variables.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+variables.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+variables.o: flags.h execute_cmd.h mailcheck.h input.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+variables.o: findcmd.h bashhist.h hashcmd.h pathexp.h
+variables.o: pcomplete.h ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+variables.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/posixtime.h
+version.o: conftypes.h patchlevel.h version.h
+xmalloc.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h error.h
+
+# job control
+
+jobs.o: config.h bashtypes.h trap.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h input.h ${BASHINCDIR}/shtty.h
+jobs.o: bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+jobs.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+jobs.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+jobs.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+jobs.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+jobs.o: jobs.h flags.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h $(DEFDIR)/builtext.h
+jobs.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/posixwait.h ${BASHINCDIR}/unionwait.h
+jobs.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/posixtime.h
+nojobs.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h
+nojobs.o: command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h general.h xmalloc.h jobs.h quit.h siglist.h externs.h
+nojobs.o: sig.h error.h ${BASHINCDIR}/shtty.h input.h
+
+# shell features that may be compiled in
+
+array.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+array.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+array.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+array.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+array.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+array.o: $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+arrayfunc.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+arrayfunc.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+arrayfunc.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+arrayfunc.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+arrayfunc.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+arrayfunc.o: $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+arrayfunc.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbutil.h
+braces.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+braces.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+braces.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+braces.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+braces.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+braces.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbutil.h
+alias.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+alias.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h externs.h alias.h
+alias.o: pcomplete.h
+alias.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+
+pcomplib.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h bashtypes.h
+pcomplib.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h hashlib.h pcomplete.h shell.h syntax.h
+pcomplib.o: bashjmp.h command.h general.h xmalloc.h error.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+pcomplib.o: unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h
+pcomplib.o: externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+
+pcomplete.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h bashtypes.h
+pcomplete.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h hashlib.h pcomplete.h shell.h syntax.h
+pcomplete.o: bashjmp.h command.h general.h xmalloc.h error.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+pcomplete.o: unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h
+pcomplete.o: externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h execute_cmd.h
+
+# library support files
+
+bashhist.o: config.h bashtypes.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h
+bashhist.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h
+bashhist.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+bashhist.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+bashhist.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+bashhist.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+bashhist.o: flags.h input.h parser.h pathexp.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h bashline.h
+bashhist.o: $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/strmatch.h
+bashline.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+bashline.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+bashline.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+bashline.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+bashline.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+bashline.o: builtins.h bashhist.h bashline.h execute_cmd.h findcmd.h pathexp.h
+bashline.o: $(DEFSRC)/common.h $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/glob.h alias.h
+bashline.o: pcomplete.h ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h input.h
+bracecomp.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+bracecomp.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
+bracecomp.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
+bracecomp.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+bracecomp.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+bracecomp.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h command.h hashlib.h builtins.h general.h xmalloc.h
+bracecomp.o: quit.h alias.h config.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+bracecomp.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+
+# library dependencies
+
+bashline.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlconf.h
+bashline.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/keymaps.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+bashline.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/chardefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/readline.h
+bracecomp.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/keymaps.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/chardefs.h
+bracecomp.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/readline.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+y.tab.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/keymaps.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/chardefs.h
+y.tab.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/readline.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+subst.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/keymaps.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/chardefs.h
+subst.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/readline.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+
+shell.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)/history.h $(HIST_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+subst.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)/history.h $(HIST_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+bashline.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)/history.h $(HIST_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+bashhist.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)/history.h $(HIST_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+y.tab.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)/history.h $(HIST_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+
+execute_cmd.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.h
+general.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.h
+mailcheck.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.h
+shell.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.h
+subst.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.h
+variables.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.h
+
+# libintl dependencies
+arrayfunc.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+bashhist.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+bashline.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+braces.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+error.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+eval.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+execute_cmd.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+expr.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+general.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+input.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+jobs.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+mailcheck.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+make_cmd.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+nojobs.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+parse.y: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+pcomplete.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+pcomplib.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+print_cmd.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+redir.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+shell.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+sig.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+siglist.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+subst.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+test.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+trap.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+variables.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+version.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+xmalloc.o: bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+
+# XXX - dependencies checked through here
+
+# builtin c sources
+builtins/bashgetopt.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+builtins/bashgetopt.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h command.h general.h xmalloc.h error.h
+builtins/bashgetopt.o: variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+builtins/bashgetopt.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+builtins/bashgetopt.o: $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+builtins/bashgetopt.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+builtins/common.o: bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+builtins/common.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h command.h
+builtins/common.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h input.h siglist.h
+builtins/common.o: quit.h unwind_prot.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h jobs.h builtins.h
+builtins/common.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h bashhist.h
+builtins/common.o: execute_cmd.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h general.h xmalloc.h error.h pathnames.h
+builtins/common.o: ${DEFDIR}/builtext.h
+builtins/common.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+builtins/evalfile.o: bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+builtins/evalfile.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h command.h general.h xmalloc.h error.h
+builtins/evalfile.o: variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+builtins/evalfile.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+builtins/evalfile.o: jobs.h builtins.h flags.h input.h execute_cmd.h
+builtins/evalfile.o: bashhist.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+builtins/evalstring.o: config.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+builtins/evalstring.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h command.h siglist.h
+builtins/evalstring.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h input.h
+builtins/evalstring.o: quit.h unwind_prot.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h jobs.h builtins.h
+builtins/evalstring.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h
+builtins/evalstring.o: jobs.h builtins.h flags.h input.h execute_cmd.h
+builtins/evalstring.o: bashhist.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+builtins/getopt.o: config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h
+builtins/getopt.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h command.h general.h xmalloc.h error.h
+builtins/getopt.o: variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
+builtins/getopt.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+builtins/getopt.o: $(DEFSRC)/getopt.h
+builtins/mkbuiltins.o: config.h bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h
+builtins/mkbuiltins.o: bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+
+# builtin def files
+builtins/alias.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/alias.o: quit.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+builtins/alias.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h unwind_prot.h
+builtins/alias.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/bind.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/bind.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/bind.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/bind.o: $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h
+builtins/break.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/break.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/break.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/builtin.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/builtin.o: quit.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h
+builtins/builtin.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/builtin.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/caller.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/caller.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/caller.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/caller.o: $(DEFSRC)/common.h quit.h
+builtins/caller.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h bashtypes.h
+builtins/caller.o: ${DEFDIR}/builtext.h
+builtins/cd.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/cd.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/cd.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/cd.o: $(DEFSRC)/common.h quit.h
+builtins/command.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/command.o: quit.h $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h
+builtins/command.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/command.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/declare.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/declare.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/declare.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/declare.o: $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h
+builtins/echo.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/echo.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/echo.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/enable.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/enable.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/enable.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/enable.o: pcomplete.h
+builtins/eval.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/eval.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/eval.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/exec.o: bashtypes.h
+builtins/exec.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/exec.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/exec.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h execute_cmd.h
+builtins/exec.o: findcmd.h flags.h quit.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/exit.o: bashtypes.h
+builtins/exit.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/exit.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/exit.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/fc.o: bashtypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixstat.h
+builtins/fc.o: bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h builtins.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/fc.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/fc.o: flags.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h
+builtins/fc.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h quit.h
+builtins/fc.o: $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h bashhist.h
+builtins/fc.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+builtins/fg_bg.o: bashtypes.h $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h
+builtins/fg_bg.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/fg_bg.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/fg_bg.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/getopts.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/getopts.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/getopts.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/hash.o: bashtypes.h
+builtins/hash.o: builtins.h command.h findcmd.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+builtins/hash.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/hash.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/help.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/help.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/help.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/help.o: $(GLOB_LIBSRC)/glob.h
+builtins/history.o: bashtypes.h
+builtins/history.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/history.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/history.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h
+builtins/history.o: bashhist.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/inlib.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/inlib.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h quit.h
+builtins/inlib.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/jobs.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/jobs.o: quit.h $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h
+builtins/jobs.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/jobs.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/kill.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/kill.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/kill.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h trap.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/let.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/let.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/let.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/printf.o: config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h bashjmp.h command.h error.h
+builtins/printf.o: general.h xmalloc.h quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h
+builtins/printf.o: externs.h sig.h pathnames.h shell.h syntax.h unwind_prot.h
+builtins/printf.o: variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h
+builtins/printf.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+builtins/pushd.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/pushd.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/pushd.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/pushd.o: $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+builtins/read.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/read.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/read.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/return.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/return.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/return.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/set.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/set.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/set.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h flags.h
+builtins/setattr.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/setattr.o: quit.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h
+builtins/setattr.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/setattr.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/shift.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/shift.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/shift.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/shift.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/shopt.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h
+builtins/shopt.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h
+builtins/shopt.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/shopt.o: $(DEFSRC)/common.h $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h
+builtins/source.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/source.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/source.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/source.o: findcmd.h $(DEFSRC)/bashgetopt.h flags.h trap.h
+builtins/suspend.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/suspend.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/suspend.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/test.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/test.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/test.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/test.o: test.h
+builtins/times.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/times.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/times.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/trap.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/trap.o: quit.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
+builtins/trap.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/trap.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/type.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/type.o: quit.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h findcmd.h
+builtins/type.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/type.o: dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/ulimit.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/ulimit.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/ulimit.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/umask.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/umask.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/umask.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/umask.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+builtins/wait.o: command.h config.h ${BASHINCDIR}/memalloc.h error.h general.h xmalloc.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
+builtins/wait.o: quit.h dispose_cmd.h make_cmd.h subst.h externs.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+builtins/wait.o: shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/wait.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
+
+builtins/complete.o: config.h shell.h syntax.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h sig.h
+builtins/complete.o: unwind_prot.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h
+builtins/complete.o: bashtypes.h bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+builtins/complete.o: builtins.h
+builtins/complete.o: pcomplete.h
+builtins/complete.o: ${DEFSRC}/common.h ${DEFSRC}/bashgetopt.h
+
+# libintl dependencies
+builtins/bind.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/break.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/caller.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/cd.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/common.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/complete.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/declare.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/enable.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/evalfile.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/exec.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/exit.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/fc.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/fg_bg.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/getopt.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/hash.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/help.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/history.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/inlib.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/jobs.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/kill.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/let.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/mkbuiltins.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/printf.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/pushd.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/read.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/return.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/set.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/setattr.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/shift.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/shopt.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/source.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/suspend.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/type.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/ulimit.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+builtins/umask.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+
+# builtin library dependencies
+builtins/bind.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/chardefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/readline.h
+builtins/bind.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)/keymaps.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+
+builtins/bind.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)/history.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+builtins/fc.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)/history.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+builtins/history.o: $(HIST_LIBSRC)/history.h $(RL_LIBSRC)/rlstdc.h
+
+builtins/common.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.h
+builtins/cd.o: $(TILDE_LIBSRC)/tilde.h
+
+builtins/alias.o: $(DEFSRC)/alias.def
+builtins/bind.o: $(DEFSRC)/bind.def
+builtins/break.o: $(DEFSRC)/break.def
+builtins/builtin.o: $(DEFSRC)/builtin.def
+builtins/caller.o: $(DEFSRC)/caller.def
+builtins/cd.o: $(DEFSRC)/cd.def
+builtins/colon.o: $(DEFSRC)/colon.def
+builtins/command.o: $(DEFSRC)/command.def
+builtins/complete.o: $(DEFSRC)/complete.def
+builtins/declare.o: $(DEFSRC)/declare.def
+builtins/echo.o: $(DEFSRC)/echo.def
+builtins/enable.o: $(DEFSRC)/enable.def
+builtins/eval.o: $(DEFSRC)/eval.def
+builtins/exec.o: $(DEFSRC)/exec.def
+builtins/exit.o: $(DEFSRC)/exit.def
+builtins/fc.o: $(DEFSRC)/fc.def
+builtins/fg_bg.o: $(DEFSRC)/fg_bg.def
+builtins/getopts.o: $(DEFSRC)/getopts.def
+builtins/hash.o: $(DEFSRC)/hash.def
+builtins/help.o: $(DEFSRC)/help.def
+builtins/history.o: $(DEFSRC)/history.def
+builtins/inlib.o: $(DEFSRC)/inlib.def
+builtins/jobs.o: $(DEFSRC)/jobs.def
+builtins/kill.o: $(DEFSRC)/kill.def
+builtins/let.o: $(DEFSRC)/let.def
+builtins/pushd.o: $(DEFSRC)/pushd.def
+builtins/read.o: $(DEFSRC)/read.def
+builtins/reserved.o: $(DEFSRC)/reserved.def
+builtins/return.o: $(DEFSRC)/return.def
+builtins/set.o: $(DEFSRC)/set.def
+builtins/setattr.o: $(DEFSRC)/setattr.def
+builtins/shift.o: $(DEFSRC)/shift.def
+builtins/shopt.o: $(DEFSRC)/shopt.def
+builtins/source.o: $(DEFSRC)/source.def
+builtins/suspend.o: $(DEFSRC)/suspend.def
+builtins/test.o: $(DEFSRC)/test.def
+builtins/times.o: $(DEFSRC)/times.def
+builtins/trap.o: $(DEFSRC)/trap.def
+builtins/type.o: $(DEFSRC)/type.def
+builtins/ulimit.o: $(DEFSRC)/ulimit.def
+builtins/umask.o: $(DEFSRC)/umask.def
+builtins/wait.o: $(DEFSRC)/wait.def
@%:@! /bin/sh
-@%:@ From configure.in for Bash 3.0, version 3.159, from autoconf version AC_ACVERSION.
+@%:@ From configure.in for Bash 3.0, version 3.160, from autoconf version AC_ACVERSION.
@%:@ Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
@%:@ Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.57 for bash 3.0-beta1.
@%:@
# include <unistd.h>
#endif"
-ac_subst_vars='SHELL PATH_SEPARATOR PACKAGE_NAME PACKAGE_TARNAME PACKAGE_VERSION PACKAGE_STRING PACKAGE_BUGREPORT exec_prefix prefix program_transform_name bindir sbindir libexecdir datadir sysconfdir sharedstatedir localstatedir libdir includedir oldincludedir infodir mandir build_alias host_alias target_alias DEFS ECHO_C ECHO_N ECHO_T LIBS build build_cpu build_vendor build_os host host_cpu host_vendor host_os EMACS lispdir DEBUGGER_START_FILE TESTSCRIPT PURIFY MALLOC_TARGET MALLOC_SRC MALLOC_LIB MALLOC_LIBRARY MALLOC_LDFLAGS MALLOC_DEP htmldir HELPDIR HELPDIRDEFINE HELPINSTALL CC CFLAGS LDFLAGS CPPFLAGS ac_ct_CC EXEEXT OBJEXT CPP EGREP SIGNAMES_H CC_FOR_BUILD STATIC_LD CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD RL_VERSION RL_MAJOR RL_MINOR READLINE_LIB READLINE_DEP RL_LIBDIR RL_INCLUDEDIR RL_INCLUDE HISTORY_LIB HISTORY_DEP HIST_LIBDIR INSTALL_PROGRAM INSTALL_SCRIPT INSTALL_DATA AR RANLIB ac_ct_RANLIB YACC SET_MAKE MAKE_SHELL MKINSTALLDIRS USE_NLS MSGFMT GMSGFMT XGETTEXT MSGMERGE ALLOCA GLIBC21 LIBICONV LTLIBICONV INTLBISON BUILD_INCLUDED_LIBINTL USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL CATOBJEXT DATADIRNAME INSTOBJEXT GENCAT INTLOBJS INTL_LIBTOOL_SUFFIX_PREFIX INTLLIBS LIBINTL LTLIBINTL POSUB LIB@&t@OBJS INTL_DEP INTL_INC SIGLIST_O TERMCAP_LIB TERMCAP_DEP JOBS_O SHOBJ_CC SHOBJ_CFLAGS SHOBJ_LD SHOBJ_LDFLAGS SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS SHOBJ_LIBS SHOBJ_STATUS PROFILE_FLAGS incdir BUILD_DIR ARFLAGS BASHVERS RELSTATUS DEBUG MALLOC_DEBUG LOCAL_LIBS LOCAL_CFLAGS LOCAL_LDFLAGS LOCAL_DEFS LTLIBOBJS'
+ac_subst_vars='SHELL PATH_SEPARATOR PACKAGE_NAME PACKAGE_TARNAME PACKAGE_VERSION PACKAGE_STRING PACKAGE_BUGREPORT exec_prefix prefix program_transform_name bindir sbindir libexecdir datadir sysconfdir sharedstatedir localstatedir libdir includedir oldincludedir infodir mandir build_alias host_alias target_alias DEFS ECHO_C ECHO_N ECHO_T LIBS build build_cpu build_vendor build_os host host_cpu host_vendor host_os EMACS lispdir DEBUGGER_START_FILE TESTSCRIPT PURIFY MALLOC_TARGET MALLOC_SRC MALLOC_LIB MALLOC_LIBRARY MALLOC_LDFLAGS MALLOC_DEP htmldir HELPDIR HELPDIRDEFINE HELPINSTALL CC CFLAGS LDFLAGS CPPFLAGS ac_ct_CC EXEEXT OBJEXT CPP EGREP SIGNAMES_H CC_FOR_BUILD STATIC_LD CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD RL_VERSION RL_MAJOR RL_MINOR READLINE_LIB READLINE_DEP RL_LIBDIR RL_INCLUDEDIR RL_INCLUDE HISTORY_LIB HISTORY_DEP HIST_LIBDIR INSTALL_PROGRAM INSTALL_SCRIPT INSTALL_DATA AR RANLIB ac_ct_RANLIB YACC SET_MAKE MAKE_SHELL MKINSTALLDIRS USE_NLS MSGFMT GMSGFMT XGETTEXT MSGMERGE ALLOCA GLIBC21 LIBICONV LTLIBICONV INTLBISON BUILD_INCLUDED_LIBINTL USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL CATOBJEXT DATADIRNAME INSTOBJEXT GENCAT INTLOBJS INTL_LIBTOOL_SUFFIX_PREFIX INTLLIBS LIBINTL LTLIBINTL POSUB LIB@&t@OBJS INTL_DEP INTL_INC LIBINTL_H SIGLIST_O TERMCAP_LIB TERMCAP_DEP JOBS_O SHOBJ_CC SHOBJ_CFLAGS SHOBJ_LD SHOBJ_LDFLAGS SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS SHOBJ_LIBS SHOBJ_STATUS PROFILE_FLAGS incdir BUILD_DIR ARFLAGS BASHVERS RELSTATUS DEBUG MALLOC_DEBUG LOCAL_LIBS LOCAL_CFLAGS LOCAL_LDFLAGS LOCAL_DEFS LTLIBOBJS'
ac_subst_files=''
# Initialize some variables set by options.
done
-INTL_DEP= INTL_INC=
+INTL_DEP= INTL_INC= LIBINTL_H=
if test "x$USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL" = "xyes"; then
INTL_DEP='${INTL_LIBDIR}/libintl.a'
- INTL_INC='-I${INTL_LIBSRC}'
+ INTL_INC='-I${INTL_LIBSRC} -I${INTL_BUILDDIR}'
+ LIBINTL_H='${INTL_BUILDDIR}/libintl.h'
fi
+
for ac_header in wctype.h
do
as_ac_Header=`echo "ac_cv_header_$ac_header" | $as_tr_sh`
s,@LIB@&t@OBJS@,$LIB@&t@OBJS,;t t
s,@INTL_DEP@,$INTL_DEP,;t t
s,@INTL_INC@,$INTL_INC,;t t
+s,@LIBINTL_H@,$LIBINTL_H,;t t
s,@SIGLIST_O@,$SIGLIST_O,;t t
s,@TERMCAP_LIB@,$TERMCAP_LIB,;t t
s,@TERMCAP_DEP@,$TERMCAP_DEP,;t t
'configure.in'
],
{
- 'AC_STRUCT_ST_BLOCKS' => 1,
+ 'AH_OUTPUT' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_STRERROR_R' => 1,
+ 'AC_CHECK_HEADERS' => 1,
+ 'AC_HEADER_MAJOR' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_MMAP' => 1,
+ 'AC_INIT' => 1,
+ 'AM_CONDITIONAL' => 1,
+ 'AC_REPLACE_FNMATCH' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_MKTIME' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_CLOSEDIR_VOID' => 1,
- 'AC_CHECK_TYPES' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_VPRINTF' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_MBRTOWC' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_STRTOD' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_STRNLEN' => 1,
+ 'AM_AUTOMAKE_VERSION' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_CXX' => 1,
+ 'AC_TYPE_PID_T' => 1,
+ 'AC_STRUCT_ST_BLOCKS' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_INSTALL' => 1,
'AC_PROG_CC' => 1,
'AC_TYPE_OFF_T' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_YACC' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_CPP' => 1,
- 'AC_C_INLINE' => 1,
- 'AC_TYPE_UID_T' => 1,
- 'AC_STRUCT_TM' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_MKTIME' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_FORK' => 1,
+ 'AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_LN_S' => 1,
+ 'AC_C_VOLATILE' => 1,
+ 'AC_TYPE_SIZE_T' => 1,
+ 'AM_GNU_GETTEXT' => 1,
+ 'AC_C_CONST' => 1,
+ 'AC_PATH_X' => 1,
+ 'AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL' => 1,
+ 'AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_MEMCMP' => 1,
- 'AC_CONFIG_HEADERS' => 1,
- 'AC_CHECK_HEADERS' => 1,
+ 'AC_CHECK_TYPES' => 1,
+ 'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1,
'AC_HEADER_SYS_WAIT' => 1,
- 'AC_CHECK_MEMBERS' => 1,
- 'AC_HEADER_MAJOR' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_LIBTOOL' => 1,
+ 'AC_SUBST' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_AWK' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_REALLOC' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_MBRTOWC' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_RANLIB' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_SELECT_ARGTYPES' => 1,
- 'AH_OUTPUT' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_MMAP' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_SETVBUF_REVERSED' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_ERROR_AT_LINE' => 1,
+ 'AC_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST' => 1,
+ 'AM_MAINTAINER_MODE' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_MALLOC' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_STRCOLL' => 1,
- 'AC_C_VOLATILE' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_LIBTOOL' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_GETPGRP' => 1,
- 'AC_TYPE_PID_T' => 1,
- 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_UTIME_NULL' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_RANLIB' => 1,
- 'm4_include' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_STRERROR_R' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_GETMNTENT' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_GCC_TRADITIONAL' => 1,
- 'AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE' => 1,
- 'include' => 1,
- 'AM_AUTOMAKE_VERSION' => 1,
- 'AC_LIBSOURCE' => 1,
- 'AC_SUBST' => 1,
'AC_CHECK_LIB' => 1,
- 'AC_C_CONST' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_VPRINTF' => 1,
- 'AC_TYPE_SIGNAL' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_GETGROUPS' => 1,
- 'AC_CANONICAL_HOST' => 1,
- 'AC_HEADER_STDC' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_STRTOD' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_LEX' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_OBSTACK' => 1,
- 'AM_MAINTAINER_MODE' => 1,
- 'AC_INIT' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_LN_S' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_SETPGRP' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_SETVBUF_REVERSED' => 1,
+ 'AC_CHECK_FUNCS' => 1,
+ 'AC_LIBSOURCE' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_ERROR_AT_LINE' => 1,
+ 'AC_STRUCT_TM' => 1,
'AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_MAKE_SET' => 1,
- 'AC_HEADER_TIME' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_FORK' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_AWK' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_CHOWN' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_STRNLEN' => 1,
- 'AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_ALLOCA' => 1,
- 'AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_STRFTIME' => 1,
- 'AC_PATH_X' => 1,
- 'AC_REPLACE_FNMATCH' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_WAIT3' => 1,
- 'm4_pattern_forbid' => 1,
- 'AC_CHECK_FUNCS' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_CPP' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_GETLOADAVG' => 1,
+ 'AC_TYPE_UID_T' => 1,
+ 'AC_CANONICAL_HOST' => 1,
+ 'AC_CONFIG_FILES' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_STAT' => 1,
- 'AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_LSTAT_FOLLOWS_SLASHED_SYMLINK' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_MALLOC' => 1,
- 'AC_FUNC_GETLOADAVG' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_INSTALL' => 1,
- 'AC_HEADER_DIRENT' => 1,
- 'AM_PROG_CC_C_O' => 1,
- 'AC_TYPE_SIZE_T' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_LEX' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_MAKE_SET' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_ALLOCA' => 1,
+ 'AC_C_INLINE' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_FSEEKO' => 1,
- 'AC_TYPE_MODE_T' => 1,
- 'AC_DECL_SYS_SIGLIST' => 1,
- 'AM_GNU_GETTEXT' => 1,
- 'AM_CONDITIONAL' => 1,
- 'AC_CONFIG_FILES' => 1,
+ 'AC_CONFIG_HEADERS' => 1,
+ 'm4_include' => 1,
+ 'AC_HEADER_DIRENT' => 1,
+ 'AC_HEADER_STDC' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_CHOWN' => 1,
'AC_FUNC_LSTAT' => 1,
- 'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1,
+ 'AC_CHECK_MEMBERS' => 1,
+ 'AM_PROG_CC_C_O' => 1,
+ 'm4_pattern_forbid' => 1,
'AC_HEADER_STAT' => 1,
- 'AC_PROG_CXX' => 1
+ 'AC_FUNC_UTIME_NULL' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_GETMNTENT' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_SETPGRP' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_STRFTIME' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_OBSTACK' => 1,
+ 'AC_FUNC_GETGROUPS' => 1,
+ 'AC_HEADER_TIME' => 1,
+ 'AC_TYPE_MODE_T' => 1,
+ 'AC_PROG_YACC' => 1,
+ 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1,
+ 'AC_TYPE_SIGNAL' => 1,
+ 'AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR' => 1,
+ 'include' => 1
}
], 'Request' )
);
#undef HAVE_STRCSPN])
m4trace:configure.in:680: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRDUP], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `strdup\' function. */
#undef HAVE_STRDUP])
-m4trace:configure.in:687: -1- AC_SUBST([INTL_DEP])
-m4trace:configure.in:688: -1- AC_SUBST([INTL_INC])
-m4trace:configure.in:694: -1- AC_CHECK_HEADERS([wctype.h])
-m4trace:configure.in:694: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_WCTYPE_H], [/* Define to 1 if you have the <wctype.h> header file. */
+m4trace:configure.in:688: -1- AC_SUBST([INTL_DEP])
+m4trace:configure.in:689: -1- AC_SUBST([INTL_INC])
+m4trace:configure.in:690: -1- AC_SUBST([LIBINTL_H])
+m4trace:configure.in:696: -1- AC_CHECK_HEADERS([wctype.h])
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-m4trace:configure.in:754: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits32_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:754: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits32_t], [/* Define to `unsigned long\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:756: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits32_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:756: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits32_t], [/* Define to `unsigned long\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef u_bits32_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:754: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits32_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:754: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits32_t], [/* Define to `unsigned int\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:756: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([u_bits32_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:756: -1- AH_OUTPUT([u_bits32_t], [/* Define to `unsigned int\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef u_bits32_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:755: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:755: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `char *\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `char *\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef bits64_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:755: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:755: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `double\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `double\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef bits64_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:755: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:755: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `long long\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `long long\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef bits64_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:755: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:755: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `long\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `long\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef bits64_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:755: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:755: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `double\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([bits64_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AH_OUTPUT([bits64_t], [/* Define to `double\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef bits64_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ptrdiff_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AH_OUTPUT([ptrdiff_t], [/* Define to `int\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:759: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ptrdiff_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:759: -1- AH_OUTPUT([ptrdiff_t], [/* Define to `int\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef ptrdiff_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ptrdiff_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AH_OUTPUT([ptrdiff_t], [/* Define to `long\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:759: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ptrdiff_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:759: -1- AH_OUTPUT([ptrdiff_t], [/* Define to `long\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef ptrdiff_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ptrdiff_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AH_OUTPUT([ptrdiff_t], [/* Define to `long long\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:759: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ptrdiff_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:759: -1- AH_OUTPUT([ptrdiff_t], [/* Define to `long long\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef ptrdiff_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ptrdiff_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:757: -1- AH_OUTPUT([ptrdiff_t], [/* Define to `int\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
+m4trace:configure.in:759: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ptrdiff_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:759: -1- AH_OUTPUT([ptrdiff_t], [/* Define to `int\' if <sys/types.h> does not define. */
#undef ptrdiff_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:760: -1- AC_HEADER_STAT
-m4trace:configure.in:760: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STAT_MACROS_BROKEN])
-m4trace:configure.in:760: -1- AH_OUTPUT([STAT_MACROS_BROKEN], [/* Define to 1 if the `S_IS*\' macros in <sys/stat.h> do not work properly. */
+m4trace:configure.in:762: -1- AC_HEADER_STAT
+m4trace:configure.in:762: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STAT_MACROS_BROKEN])
+m4trace:configure.in:762: -1- AH_OUTPUT([STAT_MACROS_BROKEN], [/* Define to 1 if the `S_IS*\' macros in <sys/stat.h> do not work properly. */
#undef STAT_MACROS_BROKEN])
-m4trace:configure.in:765: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC])
-m4trace:configure.in:770: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_LSTAT])
-m4trace:configure.in:774: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([CTYPE_NON_ASCII])
-m4trace:configure.in:775: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DUP2_BROKEN])
-m4trace:configure.in:776: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([PGRP_PIPE])
-m4trace:configure.in:777: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS])
-m4trace:configure.in:777: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS])
-m4trace:configure.in:777: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD])
-m4trace:configure.in:780: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST])
-m4trace:configure.in:781: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST])
-m4trace:configure.in:782: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED])
-m4trace:configure.in:782: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST])
-m4trace:configure.in:785: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([VOID_SIGHANDLER])
-m4trace:configure.in:786: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([clock_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:787: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([sigset_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:788: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_QUAD_T])
-m4trace:configure.in:788: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([quad_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:789: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([intmax_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:790: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([uintmax_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:792: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SOCKLEN_T])
-m4trace:configure.in:792: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([socklen_t])
-m4trace:configure.in:794: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMTYPE])
-m4trace:configure.in:794: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMTYPE])
-m4trace:configure.in:797: -2- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TERMIOS_LDISC])
-m4trace:configure.in:798: -2- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TERMIO_LDISC])
-m4trace:configure.in:799: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_DIRENT_HAS_D_INO])
-m4trace:configure.in:800: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_DIRENT_HAS_D_FILENO])
-m4trace:configure.in:801: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL])
-m4trace:configure.in:801: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS])
-m4trace:configure.in:802: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_TIMEVAL])
-m4trace:configure.in:803: -1- AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_blocks])
-m4trace:configure.in:803: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS])
-m4trace:configure.in:803: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS], [/* Define to 1 if `st_blocks\' is member of `struct stat\'. */
+m4trace:configure.in:767: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_HASH_BANG_EXEC])
+m4trace:configure.in:772: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_LSTAT])
+m4trace:configure.in:776: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([CTYPE_NON_ASCII])
+m4trace:configure.in:777: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DUP2_BROKEN])
+m4trace:configure.in:778: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([PGRP_PIPE])
+m4trace:configure.in:779: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_POSIX_SIGNALS])
+m4trace:configure.in:779: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_BSD_SIGNALS])
+m4trace:configure.in:779: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_USG_SIGHOLD])
+m4trace:configure.in:782: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST])
+m4trace:configure.in:783: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST])
+m4trace:configure.in:784: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST_DECLARED])
+m4trace:configure.in:784: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_UNDER_SYS_SIGLIST])
+m4trace:configure.in:787: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([VOID_SIGHANDLER])
+m4trace:configure.in:788: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([clock_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:789: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([sigset_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:790: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_QUAD_T])
+m4trace:configure.in:790: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([quad_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:791: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([intmax_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:792: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([uintmax_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:794: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SOCKLEN_T])
+m4trace:configure.in:794: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([socklen_t])
+m4trace:configure.in:796: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMTYPE])
+m4trace:configure.in:796: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMTYPE])
+m4trace:configure.in:799: -2- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TERMIOS_LDISC])
+m4trace:configure.in:800: -2- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TERMIO_LDISC])
+m4trace:configure.in:801: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_DIRENT_HAS_D_INO])
+m4trace:configure.in:802: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_DIRENT_HAS_D_FILENO])
+m4trace:configure.in:803: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_SYS_IOCTL])
+m4trace:configure.in:803: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRUCT_WINSIZE_IN_TERMIOS])
+m4trace:configure.in:804: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_TIMEVAL])
+m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct stat.st_blocks])
+m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS])
+m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS], [/* Define to 1 if `st_blocks\' is member of `struct stat\'. */
#undef HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_BLOCKS])
-m4trace:configure.in:804: -1- AC_STRUCT_TM
-m4trace:configure.in:804: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TM_IN_SYS_TIME])
-m4trace:configure.in:804: -1- AH_OUTPUT([TM_IN_SYS_TIME], [/* Define to 1 if your <sys/time.h> declares `struct tm\'. */
+m4trace:configure.in:806: -1- AC_STRUCT_TM
+m4trace:configure.in:806: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TM_IN_SYS_TIME])
+m4trace:configure.in:806: -1- AH_OUTPUT([TM_IN_SYS_TIME], [/* Define to 1 if your <sys/time.h> declares `struct tm\'. */
#undef TM_IN_SYS_TIME])
-m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
-m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct tm.tm_zone], [], [], [#include <sys/types.h>
+m4trace:configure.in:807: -1- AC_STRUCT_TIMEZONE
+m4trace:configure.in:807: -1- AC_CHECK_MEMBERS([struct tm.tm_zone], [], [], [#include <sys/types.h>
#include <$ac_cv_struct_tm>
])
-m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE])
-m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE], [/* Define to 1 if `tm_zone\' is member of `struct tm\'. */
+m4trace:configure.in:807: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE])
+m4trace:configure.in:807: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE], [/* Define to 1 if `tm_zone\' is member of `struct tm\'. */
#undef HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE])
-m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_TM_ZONE])
-m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TM_ZONE], [/* Define to 1 if your `struct tm\' has `tm_zone\'. Deprecated, use
+m4trace:configure.in:807: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_TM_ZONE])
+m4trace:configure.in:807: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TM_ZONE], [/* Define to 1 if your `struct tm\' has `tm_zone\'. Deprecated, use
`HAVE_STRUCT_TM_TM_ZONE\' instead. */
#undef HAVE_TM_ZONE])
-m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_TZNAME])
-m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TZNAME], [/* Define to 1 if you don\'t have `tm_zone\' but do have the external array
+m4trace:configure.in:807: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_TZNAME])
+m4trace:configure.in:807: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_TZNAME], [/* Define to 1 if you don\'t have `tm_zone\' but do have the external array
`tzname\'. */
#undef HAVE_TZNAME])
-m4trace:configure.in:806: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEZONE])
-m4trace:configure.in:809: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRSIGNAL])
-m4trace:configure.in:810: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([OPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST])
-m4trace:configure.in:811: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ULIMIT_MAXFDS])
-m4trace:configure.in:812: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([CAN_REDEFINE_GETENV])
-m4trace:configure.in:814: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([GETCWD_BROKEN])
-m4trace:configure.in:814: -1- AC_LIBSOURCE([getcwd.c])
-m4trace:configure.in:814: -1- AC_SUBST([LIB@&t@OBJS])
-m4trace:configure.in:816: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_POSIX_SIGSETJMP])
-m4trace:configure.in:817: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRCOLL_BROKEN])
-m4trace:configure.in:823: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STD_PUTENV])
+m4trace:configure.in:808: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRUCT_TIMEZONE])
+m4trace:configure.in:811: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STRSIGNAL])
+m4trace:configure.in:812: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([OPENDIR_NOT_ROBUST])
+m4trace:configure.in:813: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ULIMIT_MAXFDS])
+m4trace:configure.in:814: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([CAN_REDEFINE_GETENV])
+m4trace:configure.in:816: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([GETCWD_BROKEN])
+m4trace:configure.in:816: -1- AC_LIBSOURCE([getcwd.c])
+m4trace:configure.in:816: -1- AC_SUBST([LIB@&t@OBJS])
+m4trace:configure.in:818: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_POSIX_SIGSETJMP])
+m4trace:configure.in:819: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([STRCOLL_BROKEN])
m4trace:configure.in:825: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STD_PUTENV])
-m4trace:configure.in:828: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STD_UNSETENV])
+m4trace:configure.in:827: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STD_PUTENV])
m4trace:configure.in:830: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STD_UNSETENV])
-m4trace:configure.in:845: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_PRINTF_A_FORMAT])
-m4trace:configure.in:848: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS])
-m4trace:configure.in:849: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([JOB_CONTROL_MISSING])
-m4trace:configure.in:850: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([NAMED_PIPES_MISSING])
-m4trace:configure.in:853: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL])
-m4trace:configure.in:853: -1- AH_OUTPUT([GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL], [/* Define to 1 if `TIOCGWINSZ\' requires <sys/ioctl.h>. */
+m4trace:configure.in:832: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_STD_UNSETENV])
+m4trace:configure.in:847: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_PRINTF_A_FORMAT])
+m4trace:configure.in:850: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([MUST_REINSTALL_SIGHANDLERS])
+m4trace:configure.in:851: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([JOB_CONTROL_MISSING])
+m4trace:configure.in:852: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([NAMED_PIPES_MISSING])
+m4trace:configure.in:855: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL])
+m4trace:configure.in:855: -1- AH_OUTPUT([GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL], [/* Define to 1 if `TIOCGWINSZ\' requires <sys/ioctl.h>. */
#undef GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL])
-m4trace:configure.in:854: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TIOCSTAT_IN_SYS_IOCTL])
-m4trace:configure.in:855: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([FIONREAD_IN_SYS_IOCTL])
-m4trace:configure.in:858: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SPEED_T_IN_SYS_TYPES])
-m4trace:configure.in:859: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_GETPW_DECLS])
-m4trace:configure.in:860: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([UNUSABLE_RT_SIGNALS])
-m4trace:configure.in:861: -1- AC_SUBST([SIGLIST_O])
-m4trace:configure.in:865: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMIT_NEEDS_KERNEL])
-m4trace:configure.in:873: -1- AC_CHECK_LIB([termcap], [tgetent], [bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtermcap], [AC_CHECK_LIB(tinfo, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtinfo,
+m4trace:configure.in:856: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([TIOCSTAT_IN_SYS_IOCTL])
+m4trace:configure.in:857: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([FIONREAD_IN_SYS_IOCTL])
+m4trace:configure.in:860: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SPEED_T_IN_SYS_TYPES])
+m4trace:configure.in:861: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_GETPW_DECLS])
+m4trace:configure.in:862: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([UNUSABLE_RT_SIGNALS])
+m4trace:configure.in:863: -1- AC_SUBST([SIGLIST_O])
+m4trace:configure.in:867: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([RLIMIT_NEEDS_KERNEL])
+m4trace:configure.in:875: -1- AC_CHECK_LIB([termcap], [tgetent], [bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtermcap], [AC_CHECK_LIB(tinfo, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtinfo,
[AC_CHECK_LIB(curses, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libcurses,
[AC_CHECK_LIB(ncurses, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses,
bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap)])])])
-m4trace:configure.in:873: -1- AC_CHECK_LIB([tinfo], [tgetent], [bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtinfo], [AC_CHECK_LIB(curses, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libcurses,
+m4trace:configure.in:875: -1- AC_CHECK_LIB([tinfo], [tgetent], [bash_cv_termcap_lib=libtinfo], [AC_CHECK_LIB(curses, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libcurses,
[AC_CHECK_LIB(ncurses, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses,
bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap)])])
-m4trace:configure.in:873: -1- AC_CHECK_LIB([curses], [tgetent], [bash_cv_termcap_lib=libcurses], [AC_CHECK_LIB(ncurses, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses,
+m4trace:configure.in:875: -1- AC_CHECK_LIB([curses], [tgetent], [bash_cv_termcap_lib=libcurses], [AC_CHECK_LIB(ncurses, tgetent, bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses,
bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap)])
-m4trace:configure.in:873: -1- AC_CHECK_LIB([ncurses], [tgetent], [bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses], [bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap])
-m4trace:configure.in:875: -1- AC_SUBST([TERMCAP_LIB])
-m4trace:configure.in:876: -1- AC_SUBST([TERMCAP_DEP])
-m4trace:configure.in:878: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_FD])
-m4trace:configure.in:878: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEV_FD_PREFIX])
-m4trace:configure.in:878: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_FD])
-m4trace:configure.in:878: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEV_FD_PREFIX])
-m4trace:configure.in:879: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_STDIN])
-m4trace:configure.in:880: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY])
-m4trace:configure.in:887: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([JOB_CONTROL])
-m4trace:configure.in:893: -1- AC_SUBST([JOBS_O])
-m4trace:configure.in:906: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4_2])
-m4trace:configure.in:907: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4])
-m4trace:configure.in:908: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4])
-m4trace:configure.in:909: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR5])
-m4trace:configure.in:966: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_CC])
-m4trace:configure.in:967: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_CFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:968: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LD])
-m4trace:configure.in:969: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LDFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:970: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:971: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LIBS])
-m4trace:configure.in:972: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_STATUS])
-m4trace:configure.in:993: -1- AC_SUBST([PROFILE_FLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:995: -1- AC_SUBST([incdir])
-m4trace:configure.in:996: -1- AC_SUBST([BUILD_DIR])
-m4trace:configure.in:998: -1- AC_SUBST([YACC])
-m4trace:configure.in:999: -1- AC_SUBST([AR])
-m4trace:configure.in:1000: -1- AC_SUBST([ARFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1002: -1- AC_SUBST([BASHVERS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1003: -1- AC_SUBST([RELSTATUS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1004: -1- AC_SUBST([DEBUG])
-m4trace:configure.in:1005: -1- AC_SUBST([MALLOC_DEBUG])
-m4trace:configure.in:1007: -1- AC_SUBST([host_cpu])
-m4trace:configure.in:1008: -1- AC_SUBST([host_vendor])
-m4trace:configure.in:1009: -1- AC_SUBST([host_os])
-m4trace:configure.in:1011: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_LIBS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1012: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_CFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1013: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_LDFLAGS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1014: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_DEFS])
-m4trace:configure.in:1028: -1- AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile builtins/Makefile lib/readline/Makefile lib/glob/Makefile \
+m4trace:configure.in:875: -1- AC_CHECK_LIB([ncurses], [tgetent], [bash_cv_termcap_lib=libncurses], [bash_cv_termcap_lib=gnutermcap])
+m4trace:configure.in:877: -1- AC_SUBST([TERMCAP_LIB])
+m4trace:configure.in:878: -1- AC_SUBST([TERMCAP_DEP])
+m4trace:configure.in:880: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_FD])
+m4trace:configure.in:880: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEV_FD_PREFIX])
+m4trace:configure.in:880: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_FD])
+m4trace:configure.in:880: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEV_FD_PREFIX])
+m4trace:configure.in:881: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_DEV_STDIN])
+m4trace:configure.in:882: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY])
+m4trace:configure.in:889: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([JOB_CONTROL])
+m4trace:configure.in:895: -1- AC_SUBST([JOBS_O])
+m4trace:configure.in:908: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4_2])
+m4trace:configure.in:909: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4])
+m4trace:configure.in:910: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR4])
+m4trace:configure.in:911: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([SVR5])
+m4trace:configure.in:968: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_CC])
+m4trace:configure.in:969: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_CFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:970: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LD])
+m4trace:configure.in:971: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LDFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:972: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:973: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_LIBS])
+m4trace:configure.in:974: -1- AC_SUBST([SHOBJ_STATUS])
+m4trace:configure.in:995: -1- AC_SUBST([PROFILE_FLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:997: -1- AC_SUBST([incdir])
+m4trace:configure.in:998: -1- AC_SUBST([BUILD_DIR])
+m4trace:configure.in:1000: -1- AC_SUBST([YACC])
+m4trace:configure.in:1001: -1- AC_SUBST([AR])
+m4trace:configure.in:1002: -1- AC_SUBST([ARFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1004: -1- AC_SUBST([BASHVERS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1005: -1- AC_SUBST([RELSTATUS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1006: -1- AC_SUBST([DEBUG])
+m4trace:configure.in:1007: -1- AC_SUBST([MALLOC_DEBUG])
+m4trace:configure.in:1009: -1- AC_SUBST([host_cpu])
+m4trace:configure.in:1010: -1- AC_SUBST([host_vendor])
+m4trace:configure.in:1011: -1- AC_SUBST([host_os])
+m4trace:configure.in:1013: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_LIBS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1014: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_CFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1015: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_LDFLAGS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1016: -1- AC_SUBST([LOCAL_DEFS])
+m4trace:configure.in:1030: -1- AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile builtins/Makefile lib/readline/Makefile lib/glob/Makefile \
lib/intl/Makefile \
lib/malloc/Makefile lib/sh/Makefile lib/termcap/Makefile \
lib/tilde/Makefile doc/Makefile support/Makefile po/Makefile.in \
examples/loadables/Makefile examples/loadables/perl/Makefile \
pathnames.h])
-m4trace:configure.in:1028: -1- AC_SUBST([LIB@&t@OBJS], [$ac_libobjs])
-m4trace:configure.in:1028: -1- AC_SUBST([LTLIBOBJS], [$ac_ltlibobjs])
+m4trace:configure.in:1030: -1- AC_SUBST([LIB@&t@OBJS], [$ac_libobjs])
+m4trace:configure.in:1030: -1- AC_SUBST([LTLIBOBJS], [$ac_ltlibobjs])
void
initialize_readline ()
{
+ rl_command_func_t *func;
+ char kseq[2];
+
if (bash_readline_initialized)
return;
/* In Bash, the user can switch editing modes with "set -o [vi emacs]",
so it is not necessary to allow C-M-j for context switching. Turn
off this occasionally confusing behaviour. */
- rl_unbind_key_in_map (CTRL('J'), emacs_meta_keymap);
- rl_unbind_key_in_map (CTRL('M'), emacs_meta_keymap);
+ kseq[0] = CTRL('J');
+ kseq[1] = '\0';
+ func = rl_function_of_keyseq (kseq, emacs_meta_keymap, (int *)NULL);
+ if (func == rl_vi_editing_mode)
+ rl_unbind_key_in_map (CTRL('J'), emacs_meta_keymap);
+ kseq[0] = CTRL('M');
+ func = rl_function_of_keyseq (kseq, emacs_meta_keymap, (int *)NULL);
+ if (func == rl_vi_editing_mode)
+ rl_unbind_key_in_map (CTRL('M'), emacs_meta_keymap);
#if defined (VI_MODE)
rl_unbind_key_in_map (CTRL('E'), vi_movement_keymap);
#endif
INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
BUILD_DIR = @BUILD_DIR@
+LIBBUILD = ${BUILD_DIR}/lib
+
PROFILE_FLAGS = @PROFILE_FLAGS@
CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD = @CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD@
RL_INCLUDEDIR = @RL_INCLUDEDIR@
+INTL_LIBSRC = ${topdir}/lib/intl
+INTL_BUILDDIR = ${LIBBUILD}/intl
+INTL_INC = @INTL_INC@
+LIBINTL_H = @LIBINTL_H@
+
HELPDIR = @HELPDIR@
MKDIRS = ${topdir}/support/mkdirs
-INCLUDES = -I. -I.. @RL_INCLUDE@ -I$(topdir) -I$(BASHINCDIR) -I$(topdir)/lib -I$(srcdir)
+INCLUDES = -I. -I.. @RL_INCLUDE@ -I$(topdir) -I$(BASHINCDIR) -I$(topdir)/lib -I$(srcdir) ${INTL_INC}
BASE_CCFLAGS = ${PROFILE_FLAGS} $(DEFS) $(LOCAL_DEFS) $(SYSTEM_FLAGS) \
${INCLUDES} $(LOCAL_CFLAGS)
#bind.o: $(RL_LIBSRC)chardefs.h $(RL_LIBSRC)readline.h $(RL_LIBSRC)keymaps.h
# libintl dependencies
-bind.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-break.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-caller.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-cd.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-common.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-complete.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-declare.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-enable.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-evalfile.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-exec.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-exit.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-fc.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-fg_bg.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-getopt.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-hash.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-help.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-history.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-inlib.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-jobs.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-kill.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-let.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-mkbuiltins.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-printf.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-pushd.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-read.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-return.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-set.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-setattr.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-shift.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-shopt.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-source.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-suspend.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-type.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-ulimit.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
-umask.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+bind.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+break.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+caller.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+cd.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+common.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+complete.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+declare.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+enable.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+evalfile.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+exec.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+exit.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+fc.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+fg_bg.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+getopt.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+hash.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+help.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+history.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+inlib.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+jobs.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+kill.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+let.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+mkbuiltins.c: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+printf.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+pushd.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+read.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+return.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+set.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+setattr.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+shift.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+shopt.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+source.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+suspend.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+type.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+ulimit.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+umask.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
word = list->word->word;
if (*word == '\0')
+#if 0
return (current_job);
+#else
+ return (NO_JOB);
+#endif
if (*word == '%')
word++;
if (DIGIT (*word) && all_digits (word))
{
job = atoi (word);
-#if 0
- return (job >= job_slots ? NO_JOB : job - 1);
-#else
return (job > job_slots ? NO_JOB : job - 1);
-#endif
}
jflags = 0;
switch (*word)
{
case 0:
+ return NO_JOB;
case '%':
case '+':
return (current_job);
--- /dev/null
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+ Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+ version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+ WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+ with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software
+ Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# ifdef _MINIX
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# endif
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <chartypes.h>
+#include "../bashtypes.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+# include <stdarg.h>
+#else
+# include <varargs.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "../bashansi.h"
+#include "../bashintl.h"
+
+#include "../shell.h"
+#include "maxpath.h"
+#include "../flags.h"
+#include "../jobs.h"
+#include "../builtins.h"
+#include "../input.h"
+#include "../execute_cmd.h"
+#include "../trap.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "builtext.h"
+#include <tilde/tilde.h>
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+# include "../bashhist.h"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif /* !errno */
+
+extern int indirection_level, subshell_environment;
+extern int line_number;
+extern int last_command_exit_value;
+extern int running_trap;
+extern int posixly_correct;
+extern char *this_command_name, *shell_name;
+extern char *bash_getcwd_errstr;
+
+/* Used by some builtins and the mainline code. */
+sh_builtin_func_t *last_shell_builtin = (sh_builtin_func_t *)NULL;
+sh_builtin_func_t *this_shell_builtin = (sh_builtin_func_t *)NULL;
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Error reporting, usage, and option processing */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* This is a lot like report_error (), but it is for shell builtins
+ instead of shell control structures, and it won't ever exit the
+ shell. */
+void
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+builtin_error (const char *format, ...)
+#else
+builtin_error (format, va_alist)
+ const char *format;
+ va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+ va_list args;
+ char *name;
+
+ name = get_name_for_error ();
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", name);
+
+ if (interactive_shell == 0)
+ fprintf (stderr, "line %d: ", executing_line_number ());
+
+ if (this_command_name && *this_command_name)
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", this_command_name);
+
+ SH_VA_START (args, format);
+
+ vfprintf (stderr, format, args);
+ va_end (args);
+ fprintf (stderr, "\n");
+}
+
+/* Print a usage summary for the currently-executing builtin command. */
+void
+builtin_usage ()
+{
+ if (this_command_name && *this_command_name)
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: usage: ", this_command_name);
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", current_builtin->short_doc);
+ fflush (stderr);
+}
+
+/* Return if LIST is NULL else barf and jump to top_level. Used by some
+ builtins that do not accept arguments. */
+void
+no_args (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ if (list)
+ {
+ builtin_error (_("too many arguments"));
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Check that no options were given to the currently-executing builtin,
+ and return 0 if there were options. */
+int
+no_options (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ reset_internal_getopt ();
+ if (internal_getopt (list, "") != -1)
+ {
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (1);
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+void
+sh_needarg (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("%s: option requires an argument"), s);
+}
+
+void
+sh_neednumarg (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("%s: numeric argument required"), s);
+}
+
+void
+sh_notfound (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("%s: not found"), s);
+}
+
+/* Function called when one of the builtin commands detects an invalid
+ option. */
+void
+sh_invalidopt (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("%s: invalid option"), s);
+}
+
+void
+sh_invalidoptname (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("%s: invalid option name"), s);
+}
+
+void
+sh_invalidid (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("`%s': not a valid identifier"), s);
+}
+
+void
+sh_invalidnum (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("%s: invalid number"), s);
+}
+
+void
+sh_invalidsig (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("%s: invalid signal specification"), s);
+}
+
+void
+sh_badpid (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("`%s': not a pid or valid job spec"), s);
+}
+
+void
+sh_readonly (s)
+ const char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("%s: readonly variable"), s);
+}
+
+void
+sh_erange (s, desc)
+ char *s, *desc;
+{
+ if (s)
+ builtin_error (_("%s: %s out of range"), s, desc ? desc : _("argument"));
+ else
+ builtin_error (_("%s out of range"), desc ? desc : _("argument"));
+}
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+void
+sh_badjob (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("%s: no such job"), s);
+}
+
+void
+sh_nojobs (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ if (s)
+ builtin_error (_("%s: no job control"), s);
+ else
+ builtin_error (_("no job control"));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+void
+sh_restricted (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ if (s)
+ builtin_error (_("%s: restricted"), s);
+ else
+ builtin_error (_("restricted"));
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+sh_notbuiltin (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ builtin_error (_("%s: not a shell builtin"), s);
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Shell positional parameter manipulation */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Convert a WORD_LIST into a C-style argv. Return the number of elements
+ in the list in *IP, if IP is non-null. A convenience function for
+ loadable builtins; also used by `test'. */
+char **
+make_builtin_argv (list, ip)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int *ip;
+{
+ char **argv;
+
+ argv = strvec_from_word_list (list, 0, 1, ip);
+ argv[0] = this_command_name;
+ return argv;
+}
+
+/* Remember LIST in $0 ... $9, and REST_OF_ARGS. If DESTRUCTIVE is
+ non-zero, then discard whatever the existing arguments are, else
+ only discard the ones that are to be replaced. */
+void
+remember_args (list, destructive)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int destructive;
+{
+ register int i;
+
+ for (i = 1; i < 10; i++)
+ {
+ if ((destructive || list) && dollar_vars[i])
+ {
+ free (dollar_vars[i]);
+ dollar_vars[i] = (char *)NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (list)
+ {
+ dollar_vars[i] = savestring (list->word->word);
+ list = list->next;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* If arguments remain, assign them to REST_OF_ARGS.
+ Note that copy_word_list (NULL) returns NULL, and
+ that dispose_words (NULL) does nothing. */
+ if (destructive || list)
+ {
+ dispose_words (rest_of_args);
+ rest_of_args = copy_word_list (list);
+ }
+
+ if (destructive)
+ set_dollar_vars_changed ();
+}
+
+static int changed_dollar_vars;
+
+/* Have the dollar variables been reset to new values since we last
+ checked? */
+int
+dollar_vars_changed ()
+{
+ return (changed_dollar_vars);
+}
+
+void
+set_dollar_vars_unchanged ()
+{
+ changed_dollar_vars = 0;
+}
+
+void
+set_dollar_vars_changed ()
+{
+ if (variable_context)
+ changed_dollar_vars |= ARGS_FUNC;
+ else if (this_shell_builtin == set_builtin)
+ changed_dollar_vars |= ARGS_SETBLTIN;
+ else
+ changed_dollar_vars |= ARGS_INVOC;
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Validating numeric input and arguments */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Read a numeric arg for this_command_name, the name of the shell builtin
+ that wants it. LIST is the word list that the arg is to come from.
+ Accept only the numeric argument; report an error if other arguments
+ follow. If FATAL is true, call throw_to_top_level, which exits the
+ shell; if not, call jump_to_top_level (DISCARD), which aborts the
+ current command. */
+intmax_t
+get_numeric_arg (list, fatal)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int fatal;
+{
+ intmax_t count = 1;
+
+ if (list && list->word && ISOPTION (list->word->word, '-'))
+ list = list->next;
+
+ if (list)
+ {
+ register char *arg;
+
+ arg = list->word->word;
+ if (arg == 0 || (legal_number (arg, &count) == 0))
+ {
+ sh_neednumarg (list->word->word);
+ if (fatal)
+ throw_to_top_level ();
+ else
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+ no_args (list->next);
+ }
+
+ return (count);
+}
+
+/* Get an eight-bit status value from LIST */
+int
+get_exitstat (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ int status;
+ intmax_t sval;
+ char *arg;
+
+ if (list && list->word && ISOPTION (list->word->word, '-'))
+ list = list->next;
+
+ if (list == 0)
+ return (last_command_exit_value);
+
+ arg = list->word->word;
+ if (arg == 0 || legal_number (arg, &sval) == 0)
+ {
+ sh_neednumarg (list->word->word ? list->word->word : "`'");
+ return 255;
+ }
+ no_args (list->next);
+
+ status = sval & 255;
+ return status;
+}
+
+/* Return the octal number parsed from STRING, or -1 to indicate
+ that the string contained a bad number. */
+int
+read_octal (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ int result, digits;
+
+ result = digits = 0;
+ while (*string && ISOCTAL (*string))
+ {
+ digits++;
+ result = (result * 8) + (*string++ - '0');
+ if (result > 0777)
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ if (digits == 0 || *string)
+ result = -1;
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Manipulating the current working directory */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Return a consed string which is the current working directory.
+ FOR_WHOM is the name of the caller for error printing. */
+char *the_current_working_directory = (char *)NULL;
+
+char *
+get_working_directory (for_whom)
+ char *for_whom;
+{
+ char *directory;
+
+ if (no_symbolic_links)
+ {
+ if (the_current_working_directory)
+ free (the_current_working_directory);
+
+ the_current_working_directory = (char *)NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (the_current_working_directory == 0)
+ {
+ the_current_working_directory = (char *)xmalloc (PATH_MAX);
+ the_current_working_directory[0] = '\0';
+ directory = getcwd (the_current_working_directory, PATH_MAX);
+ if (directory == 0)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, _("%s: could not get current directory: %s: %s\n"),
+ (for_whom && *for_whom) ? for_whom : get_name_for_error (),
+ _(bash_getcwd_errstr), strerror (errno));
+
+ free (the_current_working_directory);
+ the_current_working_directory = (char *)NULL;
+ return (char *)NULL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return (savestring (the_current_working_directory));
+}
+
+/* Make NAME our internal idea of the current working directory. */
+void
+set_working_directory (name)
+ char *name;
+{
+ FREE (the_current_working_directory);
+ the_current_working_directory = savestring (name);
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Job control support functions */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+int
+get_job_by_name (name, flags)
+ const char *name;
+ int flags;
+{
+ register int i, wl, cl, match, job;
+ register PROCESS *p;
+
+ job = NO_JOB;
+ wl = strlen (name);
+ for (i = job_slots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+ {
+ if (jobs[i] == 0 || ((flags & JM_STOPPED) && JOBSTATE(i) != JSTOPPED))
+ continue;
+
+ p = jobs[i]->pipe;
+ do
+ {
+ if (flags & JM_EXACT)
+ {
+ cl = strlen (p->command);
+ match = STREQN (p->command, name, cl);
+ }
+ else if (flags & JM_SUBSTRING)
+ match = strindex (p->command, name) != (char *)0;
+ else
+ match = STREQN (p->command, name, wl);
+
+ if (match == 0)
+ {
+ p = p->next;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (flags & JM_FIRSTMATCH)
+ return i; /* return first match */
+ else if (job != NO_JOB)
+ {
+ if (this_shell_builtin)
+ builtin_error (_("%s: ambiguous job spec"), name);
+ else
+ report_error (_("%s: ambiguous job spec"), name);
+ return (DUP_JOB);
+ }
+ else
+ job = i;
+ }
+ while (p != jobs[i]->pipe);
+ }
+
+ return (job);
+}
+
+/* Return the job spec found in LIST. */
+int
+get_job_spec (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ register char *word;
+ int job, jflags;
+
+ if (list == 0)
+ return (current_job);
+
+ word = list->word->word;
+
+ if (*word == '\0')
+#if 0
+ return (current_job);
+#else
+ return (NO_JOB);
+#endif
+
+ if (*word == '%')
+ word++;
+
+ if (DIGIT (*word) && all_digits (word))
+ {
+ job = atoi (word);
+#if 0
+ return (job >= job_slots ? NO_JOB : job - 1);
+#else
+ return (job > job_slots ? NO_JOB : job - 1);
+#endif
+ }
+
+ jflags = 0;
+ switch (*word)
+ {
+ case 0:
+ return NO_JOB;
+ case '%':
+ case '+':
+ return (current_job);
+
+ case '-':
+ return (previous_job);
+
+ case '?': /* Substring search requested. */
+ jflags |= JM_SUBSTRING;
+ word++;
+ /* FALLTHROUGH */
+
+ default:
+ return get_job_by_name (word, jflags);
+ }
+}
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+/*
+ * NOTE: `kill' calls this function with forcecols == 0
+ */
+int
+display_signal_list (list, forcecols)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ int forcecols;
+{
+ register int i, column;
+ char *name;
+ int result, signum, dflags;
+ intmax_t lsignum;
+
+ result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ if (!list)
+ {
+ for (i = 1, column = 0; i < NSIG; i++)
+ {
+ name = signal_name (i);
+ if (STREQN (name, "SIGJUNK", 7) || STREQN (name, "Unknown", 7))
+ continue;
+
+ if (posixly_correct && !forcecols)
+ {
+ /* This is for the kill builtin. POSIX.2 says the signal names
+ are displayed without the `SIG' prefix. */
+ if (STREQN (name, "SIG", 3))
+ name += 3;
+ printf ("%s%s", name, (i == NSIG - 1) ? "" : " ");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ printf ("%2d) %s", i, name);
+
+ if (++column < 4)
+ printf ("\t");
+ else
+ {
+ printf ("\n");
+ column = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if ((posixly_correct && !forcecols) || column != 0)
+ printf ("\n");
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /* List individual signal names or numbers. */
+ while (list)
+ {
+ if (legal_number (list->word->word, &lsignum))
+ {
+ /* This is specified by Posix.2 so that exit statuses can be
+ mapped into signal numbers. */
+ if (lsignum > 128)
+ lsignum -= 128;
+ if (lsignum < 0 || lsignum >= NSIG)
+ {
+ sh_invalidsig (list->word->word);
+ result = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ list = list->next;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ signum = lsignum;
+ name = signal_name (signum);
+ if (STREQN (name, "SIGJUNK", 7) || STREQN (name, "Unknown", 7))
+ {
+ list = list->next;
+ continue;
+ }
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* POSIX.2 says that `kill -l signum' prints the signal name without
+ the `SIG' prefix. */
+ printf ("%s\n", (this_shell_builtin == kill_builtin) ? name + 3 : name);
+#else
+ printf ("%s\n", name);
+#endif
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ dflags = DSIG_NOCASE;
+ if (posixly_correct == 0 || this_shell_builtin != kill_builtin)
+ dflags |= DSIG_SIGPREFIX;
+ signum = decode_signal (list->word->word, dflags);
+ if (signum == NO_SIG)
+ {
+ sh_invalidsig (list->word->word);
+ result = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ list = list->next;
+ continue;
+ }
+ printf ("%d\n", signum);
+ }
+ list = list->next;
+ }
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Finding builtin commands and their functions */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Perform a binary search and return the address of the builtin function
+ whose name is NAME. If the function couldn't be found, or the builtin
+ is disabled or has no function associated with it, return NULL.
+ Return the address of the builtin.
+ DISABLED_OKAY means find it even if the builtin is disabled. */
+struct builtin *
+builtin_address_internal (name, disabled_okay)
+ char *name;
+ int disabled_okay;
+{
+ int hi, lo, mid, j;
+
+ hi = num_shell_builtins - 1;
+ lo = 0;
+
+ while (lo <= hi)
+ {
+ mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
+
+ j = shell_builtins[mid].name[0] - name[0];
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ j = strcmp (shell_builtins[mid].name, name);
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ {
+ /* It must have a function pointer. It must be enabled, or we
+ must have explicitly allowed disabled functions to be found,
+ and it must not have been deleted. */
+ if (shell_builtins[mid].function &&
+ ((shell_builtins[mid].flags & BUILTIN_DELETED) == 0) &&
+ ((shell_builtins[mid].flags & BUILTIN_ENABLED) || disabled_okay))
+ return (&shell_builtins[mid]);
+ else
+ return ((struct builtin *)NULL);
+ }
+ if (j > 0)
+ hi = mid - 1;
+ else
+ lo = mid + 1;
+ }
+ return ((struct builtin *)NULL);
+}
+
+/* Return the pointer to the function implementing builtin command NAME. */
+sh_builtin_func_t *
+find_shell_builtin (name)
+ char *name;
+{
+ current_builtin = builtin_address_internal (name, 0);
+ return (current_builtin ? current_builtin->function : (sh_builtin_func_t *)NULL);
+}
+
+/* Return the address of builtin with NAME, whether it is enabled or not. */
+sh_builtin_func_t *
+builtin_address (name)
+ char *name;
+{
+ current_builtin = builtin_address_internal (name, 1);
+ return (current_builtin ? current_builtin->function : (sh_builtin_func_t *)NULL);
+}
+
+/* Return the function implementing the builtin NAME, but only if it is a
+ POSIX.2 special builtin. */
+sh_builtin_func_t *
+find_special_builtin (name)
+ char *name;
+{
+ current_builtin = builtin_address_internal (name, 0);
+ return ((current_builtin && (current_builtin->flags & SPECIAL_BUILTIN)) ?
+ current_builtin->function :
+ (sh_builtin_func_t *)NULL);
+}
+
+static int
+shell_builtin_compare (sbp1, sbp2)
+ struct builtin *sbp1, *sbp2;
+{
+ int result;
+
+ if ((result = sbp1->name[0] - sbp2->name[0]) == 0)
+ result = strcmp (sbp1->name, sbp2->name);
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Sort the table of shell builtins so that the binary search will work
+ in find_shell_builtin. */
+void
+initialize_shell_builtins ()
+{
+ qsort (shell_builtins, num_shell_builtins, sizeof (struct builtin),
+ (QSFUNC *)shell_builtin_compare);
+}
This file is read.def, from which is created read.c.
It implements the builtin "read" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1987-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1987-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
an assign them to `arrayname' in turn. */
if (arrayname)
{
+ if (legal_identifier (arrayname) == 0)
+ {
+ sh_invalidid (arrayname);
+ xfree (input_string);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
var = find_or_make_array_variable (arrayname, 1);
if (var == 0)
return EXECUTION_FAILURE; /* readonly or noassign */
--- /dev/null
+This file is read.def, from which is created read.c.
+It implements the builtin "read" in Bash.
+
+Copyright (C) 1987-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+version.
+
+Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
+
+$PRODUCES read.c
+
+$BUILTIN read
+$FUNCTION read_builtin
+$SHORT_DOC read [-ers] [-u fd] [-t timeout] [-p prompt] [-a array] [-n nchars] [-d delim] [name ...]
+One line is read from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD if the
+-u option is supplied, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME,
+the second word to the second NAME, and so on, with leftover words assigned
+to the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word
+delimiters. If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY
+variable. If the -r option is given, this signifies `raw' input, and
+backslash escaping is disabled. The -d option causes read to continue
+until the first character of DELIM is read, rather than newline. If the -p
+option is supplied, the string PROMPT is output without a trailing newline
+before attempting to read. If -a is supplied, the words read are assigned
+to sequential indices of ARRAY, starting at zero. If -e is supplied and
+the shell is interactive, readline is used to obtain the line. If -n is
+supplied with a non-zero NCHARS argument, read returns after NCHARS
+characters have been read. The -s option causes input coming from a
+terminal to not be echoed.
+
+The -t option causes read to time out and return failure if a complete line
+of input is not read within TIMEOUT seconds. If the TMOUT variable is set,
+its value is the default timeout. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file
+is encountered, read times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
+the argument to -u.
+$END
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+# include <fcntl.h>
+# include <io.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "../bashintl.h"
+
+#include "../shell.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "bashgetopt.h"
+
+#include <shtty.h>
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+#include "../bashline.h"
+#include <readline/readline.h>
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+extern int interrupt_immediately;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+static char *edit_line __P((char *));
+static void set_eol_delim __P((int));
+static void reset_eol_delim __P((char *));
+#endif
+static SHELL_VAR *bind_read_variable __P((char *, char *));
+
+static sighandler sigalrm __P((int));
+static void reset_alarm __P((void));
+
+static procenv_t alrmbuf;
+static SigHandler *old_alrm;
+static unsigned char delim;
+
+static sighandler
+sigalrm (s)
+ int s;
+{
+ longjmp (alrmbuf, 1);
+}
+
+static void
+reset_alarm ()
+{
+ set_signal_handler (SIGALRM, old_alrm);
+ alarm (0);
+}
+
+/* Read the value of the shell variables whose names follow.
+ The reading is done from the current input stream, whatever
+ that may be. Successive words of the input line are assigned
+ to the variables mentioned in LIST. The last variable in LIST
+ gets the remainder of the words on the line. If no variables
+ are mentioned in LIST, then the default variable is $REPLY. */
+int
+read_builtin (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ register char *varname;
+ int size, i, pass_next, saw_escape, eof, opt, retval, code;
+ int input_is_tty, input_is_pipe, unbuffered_read;
+ int raw, edit, nchars, silent, have_timeout, fd;
+ unsigned int tmout;
+ intmax_t intval;
+ char c;
+ char *input_string, *orig_input_string, *ifs_chars, *prompt, *arrayname;
+ char *e, *t, *t1;
+ struct stat tsb;
+ SHELL_VAR *var;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ WORD_LIST *alist;
+#endif
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ char *rlbuf;
+ int rlind;
+#endif
+
+ USE_VAR(size);
+ USE_VAR(i);
+ USE_VAR(pass_next);
+ USE_VAR(saw_escape);
+ USE_VAR(input_is_pipe);
+/* USE_VAR(raw); */
+ USE_VAR(edit);
+ USE_VAR(tmout);
+ USE_VAR(nchars);
+ USE_VAR(silent);
+ USE_VAR(ifs_chars);
+ USE_VAR(prompt);
+ USE_VAR(arrayname);
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ USE_VAR(rlbuf);
+ USE_VAR(rlind);
+#endif
+ USE_VAR(list);
+
+ i = 0; /* Index into the string that we are reading. */
+ raw = edit = 0; /* Not reading raw input by default. */
+ silent = 0;
+ arrayname = prompt = (char *)NULL;
+ fd = 0; /* file descriptor to read from */
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ rlbuf = (char *)0;
+ rlind = 0;
+#endif
+
+ tmout = 0; /* no timeout */
+ nchars = input_is_tty = input_is_pipe = unbuffered_read = have_timeout = 0;
+ delim = '\n'; /* read until newline */
+
+ reset_internal_getopt ();
+ while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "ersa:d:n:p:t:u:")) != -1)
+ {
+ switch (opt)
+ {
+ case 'r':
+ raw = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'p':
+ prompt = list_optarg;
+ break;
+ case 's':
+ silent = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'e':
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ edit = 1;
+#endif
+ break;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ case 'a':
+ arrayname = list_optarg;
+ break;
+#endif
+ case 't':
+ code = legal_number (list_optarg, &intval);
+ if (code == 0 || intval < 0 || intval != (unsigned int)intval)
+ {
+ builtin_error (_("%s: invalid timeout specification"), list_optarg);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ have_timeout = 1;
+ tmout = intval;
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'n':
+ code = legal_number (list_optarg, &intval);
+ if (code == 0 || intval < 0 || intval != (int)intval)
+ {
+ sh_invalidnum (list_optarg);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ else
+ nchars = intval;
+ break;
+ case 'u':
+ code = legal_number (list_optarg, &intval);
+ if (code == 0 || intval < 0 || intval != (int)intval)
+ {
+ builtin_error (_("%s: invalid file descriptor specification"), list_optarg);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ else
+ fd = intval;
+ if (sh_validfd (fd) == 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error (_("%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"), fd, strerror (errno));
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'd':
+ delim = *list_optarg;
+ break;
+ default:
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+ }
+ list = loptend;
+
+ /* `read -t 0 var' returns failure immediately. XXX - should it test
+ whether input is available with select/FIONREAD, and fail if those
+ are unavailable? */
+ if (have_timeout && tmout == 0)
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+
+ /* IF IFS is unset, we use the default of " \t\n". */
+ ifs_chars = getifs ();
+ if (ifs_chars == 0) /* XXX - shouldn't happen */
+ ifs_chars = "";
+
+ input_string = (char *)xmalloc (size = 112); /* XXX was 128 */
+
+ /* $TMOUT, if set, is the default timeout for read. */
+ if (have_timeout == 0 && (e = get_string_value ("TMOUT")))
+ {
+ code = legal_number (e, &intval);
+ if (code == 0 || intval < 0 || intval != (unsigned int)intval)
+ tmout = 0;
+ else
+ tmout = intval;
+ }
+
+ begin_unwind_frame ("read_builtin");
+
+ input_is_tty = isatty (fd);
+ if (input_is_tty == 0)
+#ifndef __CYGWIN__
+ input_is_pipe = (lseek (0, 0L, SEEK_CUR) < 0) && (errno == ESPIPE);
+#else
+ input_is_pipe = 1;
+#endif
+
+ /* If the -p, -e or -s flags were given, but input is not coming from the
+ terminal, turn them off. */
+ if ((prompt || edit || silent) && input_is_tty == 0)
+ {
+ prompt = (char *)NULL;
+ edit = silent = 0;
+ }
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (edit)
+ add_unwind_protect (xfree, rlbuf);
+#endif
+
+ if (prompt && edit == 0)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s", prompt);
+ fflush (stderr);
+ }
+
+ pass_next = 0; /* Non-zero signifies last char was backslash. */
+ saw_escape = 0; /* Non-zero signifies that we saw an escape char */
+
+ if (tmout > 0)
+ {
+ /* Turn off the timeout if stdin is a regular file (e.g. from
+ input redirection). */
+ if ((fstat (fd, &tsb) < 0) || S_ISREG (tsb.st_mode))
+ tmout = 0;
+ }
+
+ if (tmout > 0)
+ {
+ code = setjmp (alrmbuf);
+ if (code)
+ {
+ run_unwind_frame ("read_builtin");
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ old_alrm = set_signal_handler (SIGALRM, sigalrm);
+ add_unwind_protect (reset_alarm, (char *)NULL);
+ alarm (tmout);
+ }
+
+ /* If we've been asked to read only NCHARS chars, or we're using some
+ character other than newline to terminate the line, do the right
+ thing to readline or the tty. */
+ if (nchars > 0 || delim != '\n')
+ {
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (edit)
+ {
+ if (nchars > 0)
+ {
+ unwind_protect_int (rl_num_chars_to_read);
+ rl_num_chars_to_read = nchars;
+ }
+ if (delim != '\n')
+ {
+ set_eol_delim (delim);
+ add_unwind_protect (reset_eol_delim, (char *)NULL);
+ }
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ if (input_is_tty)
+ {
+ ttsave ();
+ if (silent)
+ ttcbreak ();
+ else
+ ttonechar ();
+ add_unwind_protect ((Function *)ttrestore, (char *)NULL);
+ }
+ }
+ else if (silent) /* turn off echo but leave term in canonical mode */
+ {
+ ttsave ();
+ ttnoecho ();
+ add_unwind_protect ((Function *)ttrestore, (char *)NULL);
+ }
+
+ /* This *must* be the top unwind-protect on the stack, so the manipulation
+ of the unwind-protect stack after the realloc() works right. */
+ add_unwind_protect (xfree, input_string);
+ interrupt_immediately++;
+
+ unbuffered_read = (nchars > 0) || (delim != '\n') || input_is_pipe;
+
+#if defined (__CYGWIN__) && defined (O_TEXT)
+ setmode (0, O_TEXT);
+#endif
+
+ for (eof = retval = 0;;)
+ {
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (edit)
+ {
+ if (rlbuf && rlbuf[rlind] == '\0')
+ {
+ xfree (rlbuf);
+ rlbuf = (char *)0;
+ }
+ if (rlbuf == 0)
+ {
+ rlbuf = edit_line (prompt ? prompt : "");
+ rlind = 0;
+ }
+ if (rlbuf == 0)
+ {
+ eof = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+ c = rlbuf[rlind++];
+ }
+ else
+ {
+#endif
+
+ if (unbuffered_read)
+ retval = zread (fd, &c, 1);
+ else
+ retval = zreadc (fd, &c);
+
+ if (retval <= 0)
+ {
+ eof = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ }
+#endif
+
+ if (i + 2 >= size)
+ {
+ input_string = (char *)xrealloc (input_string, size += 128);
+ remove_unwind_protect ();
+ add_unwind_protect (xfree, input_string);
+ }
+
+ /* If the next character is to be accepted verbatim, a backslash
+ newline pair still disappears from the input. */
+ if (pass_next)
+ {
+ if (c == '\n')
+ i--; /* back up over the CTLESC */
+ else
+ input_string[i++] = c;
+ pass_next = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (c == '\\' && raw == 0)
+ {
+ pass_next++;
+ saw_escape++;
+ input_string[i++] = CTLESC;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if ((unsigned char)c == delim)
+ break;
+
+ if (c == CTLESC || c == CTLNUL)
+ {
+ saw_escape++;
+ input_string[i++] = CTLESC;
+ }
+
+ input_string[i++] = c;
+
+ if (nchars > 0 && i >= nchars)
+ break;
+ }
+ input_string[i] = '\0';
+
+#if 1
+ if (retval < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error (_("read error: %d: %s"), fd, strerror (errno));
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ if (tmout > 0)
+ reset_alarm ();
+
+ if (nchars > 0 || delim != '\n')
+ {
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (edit)
+ {
+ if (nchars > 0)
+ rl_num_chars_to_read = 0;
+ if (delim != '\n')
+ reset_eol_delim ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+ else
+#endif
+ if (input_is_tty)
+ ttrestore ();
+ }
+ else if (silent)
+ ttrestore ();
+
+ if (unbuffered_read == 0)
+ zsyncfd (fd);
+
+ interrupt_immediately--;
+ discard_unwind_frame ("read_builtin");
+
+ retval = eof ? EXECUTION_FAILURE : EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* If -a was given, take the string read, break it into a list of words,
+ an assign them to `arrayname' in turn. */
+ if (arrayname)
+ {
+ if (legal_identifier (arrayname) == 0)
+ {
+ sh_invalidid (arrayname);
+ xfree (input_string);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ var = find_or_make_array_variable (arrayname, 1);
+ if (var == 0)
+ return EXECUTION_FAILURE; /* readonly or noassign */
+ array_flush (array_cell (var));
+
+ alist = list_string (input_string, ifs_chars, 0);
+ if (alist)
+ {
+ word_list_remove_quoted_nulls (alist);
+ assign_array_var_from_word_list (var, alist);
+ dispose_words (alist);
+ }
+ xfree (input_string);
+ return (retval);
+ }
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+
+ /* If there are no variables, save the text of the line read to the
+ variable $REPLY. ksh93 strips leading and trailing IFS whitespace,
+ so that `read x ; echo "$x"' and `read ; echo "$REPLY"' behave the
+ same way, but I believe that the difference in behaviors is useful
+ enough to not do it. Without the bash behavior, there is no way
+ to read a line completely without interpretation or modification
+ unless you mess with $IFS (e.g., setting it to the empty string).
+ If you disagree, change the occurrences of `#if 0' to `#if 1' below. */
+ if (list == 0)
+ {
+#if 0
+ orig_input_string = input_string;
+ for (t = input_string; ifs_chars && *ifs_chars && spctabnl(*t) && isifs(*t); t++)
+ ;
+ input_string = t;
+ input_string = strip_trailing_ifs_whitespace (input_string, ifs_chars, saw_escape);
+#endif
+
+ if (saw_escape)
+ {
+ t = dequote_string (input_string);
+ var = bind_variable ("REPLY", t);
+ free (t);
+ }
+ else
+ var = bind_variable ("REPLY", input_string);
+ VUNSETATTR (var, att_invisible);
+
+ free (input_string);
+ return (retval);
+ }
+
+ /* This code implements the Posix.2 spec for splitting the words
+ read and assigning them to variables. */
+ orig_input_string = input_string;
+
+ /* Remove IFS white space at the beginning of the input string. If
+ $IFS is null, no field splitting is performed. */
+ for (t = input_string; ifs_chars && *ifs_chars && spctabnl(*t) && isifs(*t); t++)
+ ;
+ input_string = t;
+
+ for (; list->next; list = list->next)
+ {
+ varname = list->word->word;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (legal_identifier (varname) == 0 && valid_array_reference (varname) == 0)
+#else
+ if (legal_identifier (varname) == 0)
+#endif
+ {
+ sh_invalidid (varname);
+ xfree (orig_input_string);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ /* If there are more variables than words read from the input,
+ the remaining variables are set to the empty string. */
+ if (*input_string)
+ {
+ /* This call updates INPUT_STRING. */
+ t = get_word_from_string (&input_string, ifs_chars, &e);
+ if (t)
+ *e = '\0';
+ /* Don't bother to remove the CTLESC unless we added one
+ somewhere while reading the string. */
+ if (t && saw_escape)
+ {
+ t1 = dequote_string (t);
+ var = bind_read_variable (varname, t1);
+ xfree (t1);
+ }
+ else
+ var = bind_read_variable (varname, t);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ t = (char *)0;
+ var = bind_read_variable (varname, "");
+ }
+
+ FREE (t);
+ if (var == 0)
+ {
+ xfree (orig_input_string);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ stupidly_hack_special_variables (varname);
+ VUNSETATTR (var, att_invisible);
+ }
+
+ /* Now assign the rest of the line to the last variable argument. */
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (legal_identifier (list->word->word) == 0 && valid_array_reference (list->word->word) == 0)
+#else
+ if (legal_identifier (list->word->word) == 0)
+#endif
+ {
+ sh_invalidid (list->word->word);
+ xfree (orig_input_string);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ /* This has to be done this way rather than using string_list
+ and list_string because Posix.2 says that the last variable gets the
+ remaining words and their intervening separators. */
+ input_string = strip_trailing_ifs_whitespace (input_string, ifs_chars, saw_escape);
+
+ if (saw_escape)
+ {
+ t = dequote_string (input_string);
+ var = bind_read_variable (list->word->word, t);
+ xfree (t);
+ }
+ else
+ var = bind_read_variable (list->word->word, input_string);
+ stupidly_hack_special_variables (list->word->word);
+ if (var)
+ VUNSETATTR (var, att_invisible);
+ xfree (orig_input_string);
+
+ return (retval);
+}
+
+static SHELL_VAR *
+bind_read_variable (name, value)
+ char *name, *value;
+{
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ if (valid_array_reference (name) == 0)
+ return (bind_variable (name, value));
+ else
+ return (assign_array_element (name, value));
+#else /* !ARRAY_VARS */
+ return bind_variable (name, value);
+#endif /* !ARRAY_VARS */
+}
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+static rl_completion_func_t *old_attempted_completion_function;
+
+static char *
+edit_line (p)
+ char *p;
+{
+ char *ret;
+ int len;
+
+ if (!bash_readline_initialized)
+ initialize_readline ();
+ old_attempted_completion_function = rl_attempted_completion_function;
+ rl_attempted_completion_function = (rl_completion_func_t *)NULL;
+ ret = readline (p);
+ rl_attempted_completion_function = old_attempted_completion_function;
+ if (ret == 0)
+ return ret;
+ len = strlen (ret);
+ ret = (char *)xrealloc (ret, len + 2);
+ ret[len++] = delim;
+ ret[len] = '\0';
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static int old_delim_ctype;
+static rl_command_func_t *old_delim_func;
+static int old_newline_ctype;
+static rl_command_func_t *old_newline_func;
+
+static unsigned char delim_char;
+
+static void
+set_eol_delim (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ Keymap cmap;
+
+ if (bash_readline_initialized == 0)
+ initialize_readline ();
+ cmap = rl_get_keymap ();
+
+ /* Change newline to self-insert */
+ old_newline_ctype = cmap[RETURN].type;
+ old_newline_func = cmap[RETURN].function;
+ cmap[RETURN].type = ISFUNC;
+ cmap[RETURN].function = rl_insert;
+
+ /* Bind the delimiter character to accept-line. */
+ old_delim_ctype = cmap[c].type;
+ old_delim_func = cmap[c].function;
+ cmap[c].type = ISFUNC;
+ cmap[c].function = rl_newline;
+
+ delim_char = c;
+}
+
+static void
+reset_eol_delim (cp)
+ char *cp;
+{
+ Keymap cmap;
+
+ cmap = rl_get_keymap ();
+
+ cmap[RETURN].type = old_newline_ctype;
+ cmap[RETURN].function = old_newline_func;
+
+ cmap[delim_char].type = old_delim_ctype;
+ cmap[delim_char].function = old_delim_func;
+}
+#endif
#! /bin/sh
-# From configure.in for Bash 3.0, version 3.159, from autoconf version AC_ACVERSION.
+# From configure.in for Bash 3.0, version 3.160, from autoconf version AC_ACVERSION.
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.57 for bash 3.0-beta1.
#
# include <unistd.h>
#endif"
-ac_subst_vars='SHELL PATH_SEPARATOR PACKAGE_NAME PACKAGE_TARNAME PACKAGE_VERSION PACKAGE_STRING PACKAGE_BUGREPORT exec_prefix prefix program_transform_name bindir sbindir libexecdir datadir sysconfdir sharedstatedir localstatedir libdir includedir oldincludedir infodir mandir build_alias host_alias target_alias DEFS ECHO_C ECHO_N ECHO_T LIBS build build_cpu build_vendor build_os host host_cpu host_vendor host_os EMACS lispdir DEBUGGER_START_FILE TESTSCRIPT PURIFY MALLOC_TARGET MALLOC_SRC MALLOC_LIB MALLOC_LIBRARY MALLOC_LDFLAGS MALLOC_DEP htmldir HELPDIR HELPDIRDEFINE HELPINSTALL CC CFLAGS LDFLAGS CPPFLAGS ac_ct_CC EXEEXT OBJEXT CPP EGREP SIGNAMES_H CC_FOR_BUILD STATIC_LD CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD RL_VERSION RL_MAJOR RL_MINOR READLINE_LIB READLINE_DEP RL_LIBDIR RL_INCLUDEDIR RL_INCLUDE HISTORY_LIB HISTORY_DEP HIST_LIBDIR INSTALL_PROGRAM INSTALL_SCRIPT INSTALL_DATA AR RANLIB ac_ct_RANLIB YACC SET_MAKE MAKE_SHELL MKINSTALLDIRS USE_NLS MSGFMT GMSGFMT XGETTEXT MSGMERGE ALLOCA GLIBC21 LIBICONV LTLIBICONV INTLBISON BUILD_INCLUDED_LIBINTL USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL CATOBJEXT DATADIRNAME INSTOBJEXT GENCAT INTLOBJS INTL_LIBTOOL_SUFFIX_PREFIX INTLLIBS LIBINTL LTLIBINTL POSUB LIBOBJS INTL_DEP INTL_INC SIGLIST_O TERMCAP_LIB TERMCAP_DEP JOBS_O SHOBJ_CC SHOBJ_CFLAGS SHOBJ_LD SHOBJ_LDFLAGS SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS SHOBJ_LIBS SHOBJ_STATUS PROFILE_FLAGS incdir BUILD_DIR ARFLAGS BASHVERS RELSTATUS DEBUG MALLOC_DEBUG LOCAL_LIBS LOCAL_CFLAGS LOCAL_LDFLAGS LOCAL_DEFS LTLIBOBJS'
+ac_subst_vars='SHELL PATH_SEPARATOR PACKAGE_NAME PACKAGE_TARNAME PACKAGE_VERSION PACKAGE_STRING PACKAGE_BUGREPORT exec_prefix prefix program_transform_name bindir sbindir libexecdir datadir sysconfdir sharedstatedir localstatedir libdir includedir oldincludedir infodir mandir build_alias host_alias target_alias DEFS ECHO_C ECHO_N ECHO_T LIBS build build_cpu build_vendor build_os host host_cpu host_vendor host_os EMACS lispdir DEBUGGER_START_FILE TESTSCRIPT PURIFY MALLOC_TARGET MALLOC_SRC MALLOC_LIB MALLOC_LIBRARY MALLOC_LDFLAGS MALLOC_DEP htmldir HELPDIR HELPDIRDEFINE HELPINSTALL CC CFLAGS LDFLAGS CPPFLAGS ac_ct_CC EXEEXT OBJEXT CPP EGREP SIGNAMES_H CC_FOR_BUILD STATIC_LD CFLAGS_FOR_BUILD CPPFLAGS_FOR_BUILD LDFLAGS_FOR_BUILD RL_VERSION RL_MAJOR RL_MINOR READLINE_LIB READLINE_DEP RL_LIBDIR RL_INCLUDEDIR RL_INCLUDE HISTORY_LIB HISTORY_DEP HIST_LIBDIR INSTALL_PROGRAM INSTALL_SCRIPT INSTALL_DATA AR RANLIB ac_ct_RANLIB YACC SET_MAKE MAKE_SHELL MKINSTALLDIRS USE_NLS MSGFMT GMSGFMT XGETTEXT MSGMERGE ALLOCA GLIBC21 LIBICONV LTLIBICONV INTLBISON BUILD_INCLUDED_LIBINTL USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL CATOBJEXT DATADIRNAME INSTOBJEXT GENCAT INTLOBJS INTL_LIBTOOL_SUFFIX_PREFIX INTLLIBS LIBINTL LTLIBINTL POSUB LIBOBJS INTL_DEP INTL_INC LIBINTL_H SIGLIST_O TERMCAP_LIB TERMCAP_DEP JOBS_O SHOBJ_CC SHOBJ_CFLAGS SHOBJ_LD SHOBJ_LDFLAGS SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS SHOBJ_LIBS SHOBJ_STATUS PROFILE_FLAGS incdir BUILD_DIR ARFLAGS BASHVERS RELSTATUS DEBUG MALLOC_DEBUG LOCAL_LIBS LOCAL_CFLAGS LOCAL_LDFLAGS LOCAL_DEFS LTLIBOBJS'
ac_subst_files=''
# Initialize some variables set by options.
done
-INTL_DEP= INTL_INC=
+INTL_DEP= INTL_INC= LIBINTL_H=
if test "x$USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL" = "xyes"; then
INTL_DEP='${INTL_LIBDIR}/libintl.a'
- INTL_INC='-I${INTL_LIBSRC}'
+ INTL_INC='-I${INTL_LIBSRC} -I${INTL_BUILDDIR}'
+ LIBINTL_H='${INTL_BUILDDIR}/libintl.h'
fi
+
for ac_header in wctype.h
do
as_ac_Header=`echo "ac_cv_header_$ac_header" | $as_tr_sh`
s,@LIBOBJS@,$LIBOBJS,;t t
s,@INTL_DEP@,$INTL_DEP,;t t
s,@INTL_INC@,$INTL_INC,;t t
+s,@LIBINTL_H@,$LIBINTL_H,;t t
s,@SIGLIST_O@,$SIGLIST_O,;t t
s,@TERMCAP_LIB@,$TERMCAP_LIB,;t t
s,@TERMCAP_DEP@,$TERMCAP_DEP,;t t
dnl
dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
-# Copyright (C) 1987-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 1987-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
# 02111-1307, USA.
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 3.0, version 3.159, from autoconf version] AC_ACVERSION)dnl
+AC_REVISION([for Bash 3.0, version 3.160, from autoconf version] AC_ACVERSION)dnl
define(bashvers, 3.0)
define(relstatus, beta1)
AC_CHECK_FUNCS([__argz_count __argz_next __argz_stringify dcgettext mempcpy \
munmap stpcpy strcspn strdup])
-INTL_DEP= INTL_INC=
+INTL_DEP= INTL_INC= LIBINTL_H=
if test "x$USE_INCLUDED_LIBINTL" = "xyes"; then
INTL_DEP='${INTL_LIBDIR}/libintl.a'
- INTL_INC='-I${INTL_LIBSRC}'
+ INTL_INC='-I${INTL_LIBSRC} -I${INTL_BUILDDIR}'
+ LIBINTL_H='${INTL_BUILDDIR}/libintl.h'
fi
AC_SUBST(INTL_DEP)
AC_SUBST(INTL_INC)
+AC_SUBST(LIBINTL_H)
dnl
dnl End of checks needed by files in lib/intl
-/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current/doc/Makefile
\ No newline at end of file
+/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current/doc/Makefile
\ No newline at end of file
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh [options] [file]
C\bCO\bOP\bPY\bYR\bRI\bIG\bGH\bHT\bT
- Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2003 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2004 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh is an s\bsh\bh-compatible command language interpreter that executes
\\b\u\bu the username of the current user
\\b\v\bv the version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh (e.g., 2.00)
\\b\V\bV the release of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, version + patchelvel (e.g., 2.00.0)
- \\b\w\bw the current working directory
- \\b\W\bW the basename of the current working directory
+ \\b\w\bw the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated
+ with a tilde
+ \\b\W\bW the basename of the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
+ abbreviated with a tilde
\\b\!\b! the history number of this command
\\b\#\b# the command number of this command
\\b\$\b$ if the effective UID is 0, a #\b#, otherwise a $\b$
are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over-
written. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable,
the history is not saved. After saving the history, the history file
- is truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If
- H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is not set, no truncation is performed.
+ is truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is not set, no truncation is performed.
The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the list of commands associated with each
signal number. The -\b-l\bl option causes the shell to print a list
of signal names and their corresponding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is either a signal name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal
- number. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on
+ is either a signal name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal num-
+ ber. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on
exit from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is
executed before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
_\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
-GNU Bash-3.0 2003 Nov 13 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash-3.0 2004 Jan 24 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.CWRU.Edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Thu Nov 13 09:47:27 EST 2003
+.\" Last Change: Sat Jan 24 13:18:08 EST 2004
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2003 Nov 13" "GNU Bash-3.0"
+.TH BASH 1 "2004 Jan 24" "GNU Bash-3.0"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
[options]
[file]
.SH COPYRIGHT
-.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2003 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2003 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2004 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2004 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Bash
is an \fBsh\fR-compatible command language interpreter that
the release of \fBbash\fP, version + patchelvel (e.g., 2.00.0)
.TP
.B \ew
-the current working directory
+the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP abbreviated with a tilde
.TP
.B \eW
-the basename of the current working directory
+the basename of the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP
+abbreviated with a tilde
.TP
.B \e!
the history number of this command
--- /dev/null
+.\"
+.\" MAN PAGE COMMENTS to
+.\"
+.\" Chet Ramey
+.\" Information Network Services
+.\" Case Western Reserve University
+.\" chet@po.CWRU.Edu
+.\"
+.\" Last Change: Thu Nov 13 09:47:27 EST 2003
+.\"
+.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
+.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
+.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
+.TH BASH 1 "2004 Jan 24" "GNU Bash-3.0"
+.\"
+.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
+.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
+.\" It has to do with `@' appearing in the }1 macro.
+.\" This is a problem on 4.3 BSD and Ultrix, but Sun
+.\" appears to have fixed it.
+.\" If you're seeing the characters
+.\" `@u-3p' appearing before the lines reading
+.\" `possible-hostname-completions
+.\" and `complete-hostname' down in READLINE,
+.\" then uncomment this redefinition.
+.\"
+.de }1
+.ds ]X \&\\*(]B\\
+.nr )E 0
+.if !"\\$1"" .nr )I \\$1n
+.}f
+.ll \\n(LLu
+.in \\n()Ru+\\n(INu+\\n()Iu
+.ti \\n(INu
+.ie !\\n()Iu+\\n()Ru-\w\a\\*(]X\au-3p \{\\*(]X
+.br\}
+.el \\*(]X\h\a|\\n()Iu+\\n()Ru\a\c
+.}f
+..
+.\"
+.\" File Name macro. This used to be `.PN', for Path Name,
+.\" but Sun doesn't seem to like that very much.
+.\"
+.de FN
+\fI\|\\$1\|\fP
+..
+.SH NAME
+bash \- GNU Bourne-Again SHell
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B bash
+[options]
+[file]
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2004 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2004 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B Bash
+is an \fBsh\fR-compatible command language interpreter that
+executes commands read from the standard input or from a file.
+.B Bash
+also incorporates useful features from the \fIKorn\fP and \fIC\fP
+shells (\fBksh\fP and \fBcsh\fP).
+.PP
+.B Bash
+is intended to be a conformant implementation of the IEEE
+POSIX Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003\.2).
+.SH OPTIONS
+In addition to the single-character shell options documented in the
+description of the \fBset\fR builtin command, \fBbash\fR
+interprets the following options when it is invoked:
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP 10
+.BI \-c "\| string\^"
+If the
+.B \-c
+option is present, then commands are read from
+.IR string .
+If there are arguments after the
+.IR string ,
+they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with
+.BR $0 .
+.TP
+.B \-i
+If the
+.B \-i
+option is present, the shell is
+.IR interactive .
+.TP
+.B \-l
+Make
+.B bash
+act as if it had been invoked as a login shell (see
+.SM
+.B INVOCATION
+below).
+.TP
+.B \-r
+If the
+.B \-r
+option is present, the shell becomes
+.I restricted
+(see
+.SM
+.B "RESTRICTED SHELL"
+below).
+.TP
+.B \-s
+If the
+.B \-s
+option is present, or if no arguments remain after option
+processing, then commands are read from the standard input.
+This option allows the positional parameters to be set
+when invoking an interactive shell.
+.TP
+.B \-D
+A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by \fB$\fP
+is printed on the standard ouput.
+These are the strings that
+are subject to language translation when the current locale
+is not \fBC\fP or \fBPOSIX\fP.
+This implies the \fB\-n\fP option; no commands will be executed.
+.TP
+.B [\-+]O [\fIshopt_option\fP]
+\fIshopt_option\fP is one of the shell options accepted by the
+\fBshopt\fP builtin (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below).
+If \fIshopt_option\fP is present, \fB\-O\fP sets the value of that option;
+\fB+O\fP unsets it.
+If \fIshopt_option\fP is not supplied, the names and values of the shell
+options accepted by \fBshopt\fP are printed on the standard output.
+If the invocation option is \fB+O\fP, the output is displayed in a format
+that may be reused as input.
+.TP
+.B \-\-
+A
+.B \-\-
+signals the end of options and disables further option processing.
+Any arguments after the
+.B \-\-
+are treated as filenames and arguments. An argument of
+.B \-
+is equivalent to \fB\-\-\fP.
+.PD
+.PP
+.B Bash
+also interprets a number of multi-character options.
+These options must appear on the command line before the
+single-character options to be recognized.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \-\-debugger
+Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
+starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description of the
+.B extdebug
+option to the
+.B shopt
+builtin below) and shell function tracing (see the description of the
+\fB\-o functrace\fP option to the
+.B set
+builtin below).
+.TP
+.B \-\-dump\-po\-strings
+Equivalent to \fB\-D\fP, but the output is in the GNU \fIgettext\fP
+\fBpo\fP (portable object) file format.
+.TP
+.B \-\-dump\-strings
+Equivalent to \fB\-D\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-\-help
+Display a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
+.TP
+\fB\-\-init\-file\fP \fIfile\fP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fB\-\-rcfile\fP \fIfile\fP
+.PD
+Execute commands from
+.I file
+instead of the standard personal initialization file
+.I ~/.bashrc
+if the shell is interactive (see
+.SM
+.B INVOCATION
+below).
+.TP
+.B \-\-login
+Equivalent to \fB\-l\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-\-noediting
+Do not use the GNU
+.B readline
+library to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
+.TP
+.B \-\-noprofile
+Do not read either the system-wide startup file
+.FN /etc/profile
+or any of the personal initialization files
+.IR ~/.bash_profile ,
+.IR ~/.bash_login ,
+or
+.IR ~/.profile .
+By default,
+.B bash
+reads these files when it is invoked as a login shell (see
+.SM
+.B INVOCATION
+below).
+.TP
+.B \-\-norc
+Do not read and execute the personal initialization file
+.I ~/.bashrc
+if the shell is interactive.
+This option is on by default if the shell is invoked as
+.BR sh .
+.TP
+.B \-\-posix
+Change the behavior of \fBbash\fP where the default operation differs
+from the POSIX 1003.2 standard to match the standard (\fIposix mode\fP).
+.TP
+.B \-\-restricted
+The shell becomes restricted (see
+.SM
+.B "RESTRICTED SHELL"
+below).
+.TP
+.B \-\-verbose
+Equivalent to \fB\-v\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-\-version
+Show version information for this instance of
+.B bash
+on the standard output and exit successfully.
+.PD
+.SH ARGUMENTS
+If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
+.B \-c
+nor the
+.B \-s
+option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
+be the name of a file containing shell commands.
+If
+.B bash
+is invoked in this fashion,
+.B $0
+is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
+are set to the remaining arguments.
+.B Bash
+reads and executes commands from this file, then exits.
+\fBBash\fP's exit status is the exit status of the last command
+executed in the script.
+If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
+An attempt is first made to open the file in the current directory, and,
+if no file is found, then the shell searches the directories in
+.SM
+.B PATH
+for the script.
+.SH INVOCATION
+A \fIlogin shell\fP is one whose first character of argument zero is a
+.BR \- ,
+or one started with the
+.B \-\-login
+option.
+.PP
+An \fIinteractive\fP shell is one started without non-option arguments
+and without the
+.B \-c
+option
+whose standard input and output are
+both connected to terminals (as determined by
+.IR isatty (3)),
+or one started with the
+.B \-i
+option.
+.SM
+.B PS1
+is set and
+.B $\-
+includes
+.B i
+if
+.B bash
+is interactive,
+allowing a shell script or a startup file to test this state.
+.PP
+The following paragraphs describe how
+.B bash
+executes its startup files.
+If any of the files exist but cannot be read,
+.B bash
+reports an error.
+Tildes are expanded in file names as described below under
+.B "Tilde Expansion"
+in the
+.SM
+.B EXPANSION
+section.
+.PP
+When
+.B bash
+is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell
+with the \fB\-\-login\fP option, it first reads and
+executes commands from the file \fI/etc/profile\fP, if that
+file exists.
+After reading that file, it looks for \fI~/.bash_profile\fP,
+\fI~/.bash_login\fP, and \fI~/.profile\fP, in that order, and reads
+and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
+The
+.B \-\-noprofile
+option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
+.PP
+When a login shell exits,
+.B bash
+reads and executes commands from the file \fI~/.bash_logout\fP, if it
+exists.
+.PP
+When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started,
+.B bash
+reads and executes commands from \fI~/.bashrc\fP, if that file exists.
+This may be inhibited by using the
+.B \-\-norc
+option.
+The \fB\-\-rcfile\fP \fIfile\fP option will force
+.B bash
+to read and execute commands from \fIfile\fP instead of \fI~/.bashrc\fP.
+.PP
+When
+.B bash
+is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for example, it
+looks for the variable
+.SM
+.B BASH_ENV
+in the environment, expands its value if it appears there, and uses the
+expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
+.B Bash
+behaves as if the following command were executed:
+.sp .5
+.RS
+.if t \f(CWif [ \-n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi\fP
+.if n if [ \-n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi
+.RE
+.sp .5
+but the value of the
+.SM
+.B PATH
+variable is not used to search for the file name.
+.PP
+If
+.B bash
+is invoked with the name
+.BR sh ,
+it tries to mimic the startup behavior of historical versions of
+.B sh
+as closely as possible,
+while conforming to the POSIX standard as well.
+When invoked as an interactive login shell, or a non-interactive
+shell with the \fB\-\-login\fP option, it first attempts to
+read and execute commands from
+.I /etc/profile
+and
+.IR ~/.profile ,
+in that order.
+The
+.B \-\-noprofile
+option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+When invoked as an interactive shell with the name
+.BR sh ,
+.B bash
+looks for the variable
+.SM
+.BR ENV ,
+expands its value if it is defined, and uses the
+expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
+Since a shell invoked as
+.B sh
+does not attempt to read and execute commands from any other startup
+files, the
+.B \-\-rcfile
+option has no effect.
+A non-interactive shell invoked with the name
+.B sh
+does not attempt to read any other startup files.
+When invoked as
+.BR sh ,
+.B bash
+enters
+.I posix
+mode after the startup files are read.
+.PP
+When
+.B bash
+is started in
+.I posix
+mode, as with the
+.B \-\-posix
+command line option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files.
+In this mode, interactive shells expand the
+.SM
+.B ENV
+variable and commands are read and executed from the file
+whose name is the expanded value.
+No other startup files are read.
+.PP
+.B Bash
+attempts to determine when it is being run by the remote shell
+daemon, usually \fIrshd\fP.
+If
+.B bash
+determines it is being run by \fIrshd\fP, it reads and executes
+commands from \fI~/.bashrc\fP, if that file exists and is readable.
+It will not do this if invoked as \fBsh\fP.
+The
+.B \-\-norc
+option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
+.B \-\-rcfile
+option may be used to force another file to be read, but
+\fIrshd\fP does not generally invoke the shell with those options
+or allow them to be specified.
+.PP
+If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
+real user (group) id, and the \fB\-p\fP option is not supplied, no startup
+files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment, the
+.SM
+.B SHELLOPTS
+variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored,
+and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
+If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
+the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
+.SH DEFINITIONS
+.PP
+The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this
+document.
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B blank
+A space or tab.
+.TP
+.B word
+A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the shell.
+Also known as a
+.BR token .
+.TP
+.B name
+A
+.I word
+consisting only of alphanumeric characters and underscores, and
+beginning with an alphabetic character or an underscore. Also
+referred to as an
+.BR identifier .
+.TP
+.B metacharacter
+A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the following:
+.br
+.RS
+.PP
+.if t \fB| & ; ( ) < > space tab\fP
+.if n \fB| & ; ( ) < > space tab\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+.TP
+.B control operator
+A \fItoken\fP that performs a control function. It is one of the following
+symbols:
+.RS
+.PP
+.if t \fB\(bv\(bv & && ; ;; ( ) | <newline>\fP
+.if n \fB|| & && ; ;; ( ) | <newline>\fP
+.RE
+.PD
+.SH "RESERVED WORDS"
+\fIReserved words\fP are words that have a special meaning to the shell.
+The following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either
+the first word of a simple command (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL GRAMMAR
+below) or the third word of a
+.B case
+or
+.B for
+command:
+.if t .RS
+.PP
+.B
+.if n ! case do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]]
+.if t ! case do done elif else esac fi for function if in select then until while { } time [[ ]]
+.if t .RE
+.RE
+.SH "SHELL GRAMMAR"
+.SS Simple Commands
+.PP
+A \fIsimple command\fP is a sequence of optional variable assignments
+followed by \fBblank\fP-separated words and redirections, and
+terminated by a \fIcontrol operator\fP. The first word
+specifies the command to be executed, and is passed as argument zero.
+The remaining words are passed as arguments to the invoked command.
+.PP
+The return value of a \fIsimple command\fP is its exit status, or
+128+\fIn\^\fP if the command is terminated by signal
+.IR n .
+.SS Pipelines
+.PP
+A \fIpipeline\fP is a sequence of one or more commands separated by
+the character
+.BR | .
+The format for a pipeline is:
+.RS
+.PP
+[\fBtime\fP [\fB\-p\fP]] [ ! ] \fIcommand\fP [ \fB|\fP \fIcommand2\fP ... ]
+.RE
+.PP
+The standard output of
+.I command
+is connected via a pipe to the standard input of
+.IR command2 .
+This connection is performed before any redirections specified by the
+command (see
+.SM
+.B REDIRECTION
+below).
+.PP
+The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last
+command, unless the \fBpipefail\fP option is enabled.
+If \fBpipefail\fP is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the
+value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status,
+or zero if all commands exit successfully.
+If the reserved word
+.B !
+precedes a pipeline, the exit status of that pipeline is the logical
+negation of the exit status as described above.
+The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to
+terminate before returning a value.
+.PP
+If the
+.B time
+reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as user and
+system time consumed by its execution are reported when the pipeline
+terminates.
+The \fB\-p\fP option changes the output format to that specified by POSIX.
+The
+.SM
+.B TIMEFORMAT
+variable may be set to a format string that specifies how the timing
+information should be displayed; see the description of
+.SM
+.B TIMEFORMAT
+under
+.B "Shell Variables"
+below.
+.PP
+Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a
+subshell).
+.SS Lists
+.PP
+A \fIlist\fP is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one
+of the operators
+.BR ; ,
+.BR & ,
+.BR && ,
+or
+.BR \(bv\(bv ,
+and optionally terminated by one of
+.BR ; ,
+.BR & ,
+or
+.BR <newline> .
+.PP
+Of these list operators,
+.B &&
+and
+.B \(bv\(bv
+have equal precedence, followed by
+.B ;
+and
+.BR &,
+which have equal precedence.
+.PP
+A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a \fIlist\fP instead
+of a semicolon to delimit commands.
+.PP
+If a command is terminated by the control operator
+.BR & ,
+the shell executes the command in the \fIbackground\fP
+in a subshell. The shell does not wait for the command to
+finish, and the return status is 0. Commands separated by a
+.B ;
+are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each
+command to terminate in turn. The return status is the
+exit status of the last command executed.
+.PP
+The control operators
+.B &&
+and
+.B \(bv\(bv
+denote AND lists and OR lists, respectively.
+An AND list has the form
+.RS
+.PP
+\fIcommand1\fP \fB&&\fP \fIcommand2\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+.I command2
+is executed if, and only if,
+.I command1
+returns an exit status of zero.
+.PP
+An OR list has the form
+.RS
+.PP
+\fIcommand1\fP \fB\(bv\(bv\fP \fIcommand2\fP
+.PP
+.RE
+.PP
+.I command2
+is executed if and only if
+.I command1
+returns a non-zero exit status. The return status of
+AND and OR lists is the exit status of the last command
+executed in the list.
+.SS Compound Commands
+.PP
+A \fIcompound command\fP is one of the following:
+.TP
+(\fIlist\fP)
+\fIlist\fP is executed in a subshell environment (see
+.SM
+\fBCOMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT\fP
+below).
+Variable assignments and builtin
+commands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in effect
+after the command completes. The return status is the exit status of
+\fIlist\fP.
+.TP
+{ \fIlist\fP; }
+\fIlist\fP is simply executed in the current shell environment.
+\fIlist\fP must be terminated with a newline or semicolon.
+This is known as a \fIgroup command\fP.
+The return status is the exit status of
+\fIlist\fP.
+Note that unlike the metacharacters \fB(\fP and \fB)\fP, \fB{\fP and
+\fB}\fP are \fIreserved words\fP and must occur where a reserved
+word is permitted to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word
+break, they must be separated from \fIlist\fP by whitespace.
+.TP
+((\fIexpression\fP))
+The \fIexpression\fP is evaluated according to the rules described
+below under
+.SM
+.BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" .
+If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
+otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
+\fBlet "\fIexpression\fP"\fR.
+.TP
+\fB[[\fP \fIexpression\fP \fB]]\fP
+Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of
+the conditional expression \fIexpression\fP.
+Expressions are composed of the primaries described below under
+.SM
+.BR "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS" .
+Word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the words
+between the \fB[[\fP and \fB]]\fP; tilde expansion, parameter and
+variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
+substitution, and quote removal are performed.
+Conditional operators such as \fB\-f\fP must be unquoted to be recognized
+as primaries.
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+When the \fB==\fP and \fB!=\fP operators are used, the string to the
+right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
+to the rules described below under \fBPattern Matching\fP.
+The return value is 0 if the string matches or does not match
+the pattern, respectively, and 1 otherwise.
+Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
+string.
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+An additional binary operator, \fB=~\fP, is available, with the same
+precedence as \fB==\fP and \fB!=\fP.
+When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered
+an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in \fIregex\fP(3)).
+The return value is 0 if the string matches
+the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
+If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
+expression's return value is 2.
+If the shell option
+.B nocaseglob
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
+expression are saved in the array variable \fBBASH_REMATCH\fP.
+The element of \fBBASH_REMATCH\fP with index 0 is the portion of the string
+matching the entire regular expression.
+The element of \fBBASH_REMATCH\fP with index \fIn\fP is the portion of the
+string matching the \fIn\fPth parenthesized subexpression.
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
+in decreasing order of precedence:
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B ( \fIexpression\fP )
+Returns the value of \fIexpression\fP.
+This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
+.TP
+.B ! \fIexpression\fP
+True if
+.I expression
+is false.
+.TP
+\fIexpression1\fP \fB&&\fP \fIexpression2\fP
+True if both
+.I expression1
+and
+.I expression2
+are true.
+.TP
+.if t \fIexpression1\fP \fB\(bv\(bv\fP \fIexpression2\fP
+.if n \fIexpression1\fP \fB||\fP \fIexpression2\fP
+True if either
+.I expression1
+or
+.I expression2
+is true.
+.PD
+.LP
+The \fB&&\fP and
+.if t \fB\(bv\(bv\fP
+.if n \fB||\fP
+operators do not evaluate \fIexpression2\fP if the value of
+\fIexpression1\fP is sufficient to determine the return value of
+the entire conditional expression.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBfor\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP ] ; \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP
+The list of words following \fBin\fP is expanded, generating a list
+of items.
+The variable \fIname\fP is set to each element of this list
+in turn, and \fIlist\fP is executed each time.
+If the \fBin\fP \fIword\fP is omitted, the \fBfor\fP command executes
+\fIlist\fP once for each positional parameter that is set (see
+.SM
+.B PARAMETERS
+below).
+The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.
+If the expansion of the items following \fBin\fP results in an empty
+list, no commands are executed, and the return status is 0.
+.TP
+\fBfor\fP (( \fIexpr1\fP ; \fIexpr2\fP ; \fIexpr3\fP )) ; \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP
+First, the arithmetic expression \fIexpr1\fP is evaluated according
+to the rules described below under
+.SM
+.BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" .
+The arithmetic expression \fIexpr2\fP is then evaluated repeatedly
+until it evaluates to zero.
+Each time \fIexpr2\fP evaluates to a non-zero value, \fIlist\fP is
+executed and the arithmetic expression \fIexpr3\fP is evaluated.
+If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
+The return value is the exit status of the last command in \fIlist\fP
+that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
+.TP
+\fBselect\fP \fIname\fP [ \fBin\fP \fIword\fP ] ; \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP ; \fBdone\fP
+The list of words following \fBin\fP is expanded, generating a list
+of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
+error, each preceded by a number. If the \fBin\fP
+\fIword\fP is omitted, the positional parameters are printed (see
+.SM
+.B PARAMETERS
+below). The
+.B PS3
+prompt is then displayed and a line read from the standard input.
+If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of
+the displayed words, then the value of
+.I name
+is set to that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt
+are displayed again. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any
+other value read causes
+.I name
+to be set to null. The line read is saved in the variable
+.BR REPLY .
+The
+.I list
+is executed after each selection until a
+.B break
+command is executed.
+The exit status of
+.B select
+is the exit status of the last command executed in
+.IR list ,
+or zero if no commands were executed.
+.TP
+\fBcase\fP \fIword\fP \fBin\fP [ [(] \fIpattern\fP [ \fB|\fP \fIpattern\fP ] \
+... ) \fIlist\fP ;; ] ... \fBesac\fP
+A \fBcase\fP command first expands \fIword\fP, and tries to match
+it against each \fIpattern\fP in turn, using the same matching rules
+as for pathname expansion (see
+.B Pathname Expansion
+below). When a match is found, the
+corresponding \fIlist\fP is executed. After the first match, no
+subsequent matches are attempted. The exit status is zero if no
+pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit status of the
+last command executed in \fIlist\fP.
+.TP
+\fBif\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBthen\fP \fIlist;\fP \
+[ \fBelif\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP; ] ... \
+[ \fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP; ] \fBfi\fP
+The
+.B if
+.I list
+is executed. If its exit status is zero, the
+\fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP is executed. Otherwise, each \fBelif\fP
+\fIlist\fP is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero,
+the corresponding \fBthen\fP \fIlist\fP is executed and the
+command completes. Otherwise, the \fBelse\fP \fIlist\fP is
+executed, if present. The exit status is the exit status of the
+last command executed, or zero if no condition tested true.
+.TP
+\fBwhile\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBdone\fP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBuntil\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP; \fBdone\fP
+.PD
+The \fBwhile\fP command continuously executes the \fBdo\fP
+\fIlist\fP as long as the last command in \fIlist\fP returns
+an exit status of zero. The \fBuntil\fP command is identical
+to the \fBwhile\fP command, except that the test is negated;
+the
+.B do
+.I list
+is executed as long as the last command in
+.I list
+returns a non-zero exit status.
+The exit status of the \fBwhile\fP and \fBuntil\fP commands
+is the exit status
+of the last \fBdo\fP \fIlist\fP command executed, or zero if
+none was executed.
+.SS Shell Function Definitions
+.PP
+A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
+executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
+Shell functions are declared as follows:
+.TP
+[ \fBfunction\fP ] \fIname\fP () \fIcompound\-command\fP [\fIredirection\fP]
+This defines a function named \fIname\fP.
+The reserved word \fBfunction\fP is optional.
+If the \fBfunction\fP reserved word is supplied, the parentheses are optional.
+The \fIbody\fP of the function is the compound command
+.I compound\-command
+(see \fBCompound Commands\fP above).
+That command is usually a \fIlist\fP of commands between { and }, but
+may be any command listed under \fBCompound Commands\fP above.
+\fIcompound\-command\fP is executed whenever \fIname\fP is specified as the
+name of a simple command.
+Any redirections (see
+.SM
+.B REDIRECTION
+below) specified when a function is defined are performed
+when the function is executed.
+The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
+occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists.
+When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
+last command executed in the body. (See
+.SM
+.B FUNCTIONS
+below.)
+.SH COMMENTS
+In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
+.B interactive_comments
+option to the
+.B shopt
+builtin is enabled (see
+.SM
+.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
+below), a word beginning with
+.B #
+causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to
+be ignored. An interactive shell without the
+.B interactive_comments
+option enabled does not allow comments. The
+.B interactive_comments
+option is on by default in interactive shells.
+.SH QUOTING
+\fIQuoting\fP is used to remove the special meaning of certain
+characters or words to the shell. Quoting can be used to
+disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent
+reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent
+parameter expansion.
+.PP
+Each of the \fImetacharacters\fP listed above under
+.SM
+.B DEFINITIONS
+has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
+represent itself.
+.PP
+When the command history expansion facilities are being used, the
+\fIhistory expansion\fP character, usually \fB!\fP, must be quoted
+to prevent history expansion.
+.PP
+There are three quoting mechanisms: the
+.IR "escape character" ,
+single quotes, and double quotes.
+.PP
+A non-quoted backslash (\fB\e\fP) is the
+.IR "escape character" .
+It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows,
+with the exception of <newline>. If a \fB\e\fP<newline> pair
+appears, and the backslash is not itself quoted, the \fB\e\fP<newline>
+is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from the
+input stream and effectively ignored).
+.PP
+Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value
+of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur
+between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
+.PP
+Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value
+of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of
+.BR $ ,
+.BR ` ,
+and
+.BR \e .
+The characters
+.B $
+and
+.B `
+retain their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash
+retains its special meaning only when followed by one of the following
+characters:
+.BR $ ,
+.BR ` ,
+\^\fB"\fP\^,
+.BR \e ,
+or
+.BR <newline> .
+A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with
+a backslash.
+When command history is being used, the double quote may not be used to
+quote the history expansion character.
+.PP
+The special parameters
+.B *
+and
+.B @
+have special meaning when in double
+quotes (see
+.SM
+.B PARAMETERS
+below).
+.PP
+Words of the form \fB$\fP'\fIstring\fP' are treated specially. The
+word expands to \fIstring\fP, with backslash-escaped characters replaced
+as specifed by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if
+present, are decoded as follows:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \ea
+alert (bell)
+.TP
+.B \eb
+backspace
+.TP
+.B \ee
+an escape character
+.TP
+.B \ef
+form feed
+.TP
+.B \en
+new line
+.TP
+.B \er
+carriage return
+.TP
+.B \et
+horizontal tab
+.TP
+.B \ev
+vertical tab
+.TP
+.B \e\e
+backslash
+.TP
+.B \e'
+single quote
+.TP
+.B \e\fInnn\fP
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
+(one to three digits)
+.TP
+.B \ex\fIHH\fP
+the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP
+(one or two hex digits)
+.TP
+.B \ec\fIx\fP
+a control-\fIx\fP character
+.PD
+.RE
+.LP
+The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had
+not been present.
+.PP
+A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (\fB$\fP) will cause
+the string to be translated according to the current locale.
+If the current locale is \fBC\fP or \fBPOSIX\fP, the dollar sign
+is ignored.
+If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is
+double-quoted.
+.SH PARAMETERS
+A
+.I parameter
+is an entity that stores values.
+It can be a
+.IR name ,
+a number, or one of the special characters listed below under
+.BR "Special Parameters" .
+A
+.I variable
+is a parameter denoted by a
+.IR name .
+A variable has a \fIvalue\fP and zero or more \fIattributes\fP.
+Attributes are assigned using the
+.B declare
+builtin command (see
+.B declare
+below in
+.SM
+.BR "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS" ).
+.PP
+A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
+a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
+the
+.B unset
+builtin command (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below).
+.PP
+A
+.I variable
+may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+.RS
+.PP
+\fIname\fP=[\fIvalue\fP]
+.RE
+.PP
+If
+.I value
+is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
+.I values
+undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+removal (see
+.SM
+.B EXPANSION
+below). If the variable has its
+.B integer
+attribute set, then
+.I value
+is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion is
+not used (see
+.B "Arithmetic Expansion"
+below).
+Word splitting is not performed, with the exception
+of \fB"$@"\fP as explained below under
+.BR "Special Parameters" .
+Pathname expansion is not performed.
+Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the
+.BR alias ,
+.BR declare ,
+.BR typeset ,
+.BR export ,
+.BR readonly ,
+and
+.B local
+builtin commands.
+.SS Positional Parameters
+.PP
+A
+.I positional parameter
+is a parameter denoted by one or more
+digits, other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are
+assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked,
+and may be reassigned using the
+.B set
+builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
+with assignment statements. The positional parameters are
+temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed (see
+.SM
+.B FUNCTIONS
+below).
+.PP
+When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single
+digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see
+.SM
+.B EXPANSION
+below).
+.SS Special Parameters
+.PP
+The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B *
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word
+with the value of each parameter separated by the first character
+of the
+.SM
+.B IFS
+special variable. That is, "\fB$*\fP" is equivalent
+to "\fB$1\fP\fIc\fP\fB$2\fP\fIc\fP\fB...\fP", where
+.I c
+is the first character of the value of the
+.SM
+.B IFS
+variable. If
+.SM
+.B IFS
+is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.
+If
+.SM
+.B IFS
+is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators.
+.TP
+.B @
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
+separate word. That is, "\fB$@\fP" is equivalent to
+"\fB$1\fP" "\fB$2\fP" ...
+When there are no positional parameters, "\fB$@\fP" and
+.B $@
+expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).
+.TP
+.B #
+Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
+.TP
+.B ?
+Expands to the status of the most recently executed foreground
+pipeline.
+.TP
+.B \-
+Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invocation,
+by the
+.B set
+builtin command, or those set by the shell itself
+(such as the
+.B \-i
+option).
+.TP
+.B $
+Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
+expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the
+subshell.
+.TP
+.B !
+Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed background
+(asynchronous) command.
+.TP
+.B 0
+Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
+shell initialization. If
+.B bash
+is invoked with a file of commands,
+.B $0
+is set to the name of that file. If
+.B bash
+is started with the
+.B \-c
+option, then
+.B $0
+is set to the first argument after the string to be
+executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
+to the file name used to invoke
+.BR bash ,
+as given by argument zero.
+.TP
+.B _
+At shell startup, set to the absolute file name of the shell or shell
+script being executed as passed in the argument list.
+Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command,
+after expansion.
+Also set to the full file name of each command executed and placed in
+the environment exported to that command.
+When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file
+currently being checked.
+.PD
+.SS Shell Variables
+.PP
+The following variables are set by the shell:
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B BASH
+Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of
+.BR bash .
+.TP
+.B BASH_ARGC
+An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
+frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of
+parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
+with \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP) is at the top of the stack. When a
+subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
+\fBBASH_ARGC\fP.
+.TP
+.B BASH_ARGV
+An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash
+execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
+is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
+at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
+are pushed onto \fBBASH_ARGV\fP.
+.TP
+.B BASH_COMMAND
+The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the
+shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
+in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
+.TP
+.B BASH_EXECUTION_STRING
+The command argument to the \fB\-c\fP invocation option.
+.TP
+.B BASH_LINENO
+An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
+corresponding to each member of @var{FUNCNAME}.
+\fB${BASH_LINENO[\fP\fI$i\fP\fB]}\fP is the line number in the source
+file where \fB${FUNCNAME[\fP\fI$i + 1\fP\fB]}\fP was called.
+The corresponding source file name is \fB${BASH_SOURCE[\fP\fI$i + 1\fP\fB]}\fB.
+Use \fBLINENO\fP to obtain the current line number.
+.TP
+.B BASH_REMATCH
+An array variable whose members are assigned by the \fB=~\fP binary
+operator to the \fB[[\fP conditional command.
+The element with index 0 is the portion of the string
+matching the entire regular expression.
+The element with index \fIn\fP is the portion of the
+string matching the \fIn\fPth parenthesized subexpression.
+This variable is read-only.
+.TP
+.B BASH_SOURCE
+An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
+to the elements in the \fBFUNCNAME\fP array variable.
+.TP
+.B BASH_SUBSHELL
+Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
+The initial value is 0.
+.TP
+.B BASH_VERSINFO
+A readonly array variable whose members hold version information for
+this instance of
+.BR bash .
+The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
+.sp .5
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP 24
+.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR0\fP]
+The major version number (the \fIrelease\fP).
+.TP
+.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR1\fP]
+The minor version number (the \fIversion\fP).
+.TP
+.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR2\fP]
+The patch level.
+.TP
+.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR3\fP]
+The build version.
+.TP
+.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR4\fP]
+The release status (e.g., \fIbeta1\fP).
+.TP
+.B BASH_VERSINFO[\fR5\fP]
+The value of \fBMACHTYPE\fP.
+.PD
+.RE
+.TP
+.B BASH_VERSION
+Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
+.BR bash .
+.TP
+.B COMP_CWORD
+An index into \fB${COMP_WORDS}\fP of the word containing the current
+cursor position.
+This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
+below).
+.TP
+.B COMP_LINE
+The current command line.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
+below).
+.TP
+.B COMP_POINT
+The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of
+the current command.
+If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command,
+the value of this variable is equal to \fB${#COMP_LINE}\fP.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
+below).
+.TP
+.B COMP_WORDBREAKS
+The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
+separators when performing word completion.
+If
+.SM
+.B COMP_WORDBREAKS
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+.TP
+.B COMP_WORDS
+An array variable (see \fBArrays\fP below) consisting of the individual
+words in the current command line.
+This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP
+below).
+.TP
+.B DIRSTACK
+An array variable (see
+.B Arrays
+below) containing the current contents of the directory stack.
+Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the
+.B dirs
+builtin.
+Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify
+directories already in the stack, but the
+.B pushd
+and
+.B popd
+builtins must be used to add and remove directories.
+Assignment to this variable will not change the current directory.
+If
+.SM
+.B DIRSTACK
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+.TP
+.B EUID
+Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initialized at
+shell startup. This variable is readonly.
+.TP
+.B FUNCNAME
+An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+currently in the execution call stack.
+The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
+shell function.
+The bottom-most element is "main".
+This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
+Assignments to
+.SM
+.B FUNCNAME
+have no effect and return an error status.
+If
+.SM
+.B FUNCNAME
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+.TP
+.B GROUPS
+An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
+user is a member.
+Assignments to
+.SM
+.B GROUPS
+have no effect and return an error status.
+If
+.SM
+.B GROUPS
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+.TP
+.B HISTCMD
+The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
+command.
+If
+.SM
+.B HISTCMD
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+.TP
+.B HOSTNAME
+Automatically set to the name of the current host.
+.TP
+.B HOSTTYPE
+Automatically set to a string that uniquely
+describes the type of machine on which
+.B bash
+is executing.
+The default is system-dependent.
+.TP
+.B LINENO
+Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes
+a decimal number representing the current sequential line number
+(starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
+script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
+be meaningful.
+If
+.SM
+.B LINENO
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+.TP
+.B MACHTYPE
+Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
+type on which
+.B bash
+is executing, in the standard GNU \fIcpu-company-system\fP format.
+The default is system-dependent.
+.TP
+.B OLDPWD
+The previous working directory as set by the
+.B cd
+command.
+.TP
+.B OPTARG
+The value of the last option argument processed by the
+.B getopts
+builtin command (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below).
+.TP
+.B OPTIND
+The index of the next argument to be processed by the
+.B getopts
+builtin command (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below).
+.TP
+.B OSTYPE
+Automatically set to a string that
+describes the operating system on which
+.B bash
+is executing.
+The default is system-dependent.
+.TP
+.B PIPESTATUS
+An array variable (see
+.B Arrays
+below) containing a list of exit status values from the processes
+in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
+contain only a single command).
+.TP
+.B PPID
+The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is readonly.
+.TP
+.B PWD
+The current working directory as set by the
+.B cd
+command.
+.TP
+.B RANDOM
+Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between
+0 and 32767 is
+generated. The sequence of random numbers may be initialized by assigning
+a value to
+.SM
+.BR RANDOM .
+If
+.SM
+.B RANDOM
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+.TP
+.B REPLY
+Set to the line of input read by the
+.B read
+builtin command when no arguments are supplied.
+.TP
+.B SECONDS
+Each time this parameter is
+referenced, the number of seconds since shell invocation is returned. If a
+value is assigned to
+.SM
+.BR SECONDS ,
+the value returned upon subsequent
+references is
+the number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
+If
+.SM
+.B SECONDS
+is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+.TP
+.B SHELLOPTS
+A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+the list is a valid argument for the
+.B \-o
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin command (see
+.SM
+.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
+below). The options appearing in
+.SM
+.B SHELLOPTS
+are those reported as
+.I on
+by \fBset \-o\fP.
+If this variable is in the environment when
+.B bash
+starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
+reading any startup files.
+This variable is read-only.
+.TP
+.B SHLVL
+Incremented by one each time an instance of
+.B bash
+is started.
+.TP
+.B UID
+Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell startup.
+This variable is readonly.
+.PD
+.PP
+The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases,
+.B bash
+assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted
+below.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B BASH_ENV
+If this parameter is set when \fBbash\fP is executing a shell script,
+its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
+initialize the shell, as in
+.IR ~/.bashrc .
+The value of
+.SM
+.B BASH_ENV
+is subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+expansion before being interpreted as a file name.
+.SM
+.B PATH
+is not used to search for the resultant file name.
+.TP
+.B CDPATH
+The search path for the
+.B cd
+command.
+This is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks
+for destination directories specified by the
+.B cd
+command.
+A sample value is
+.if t \f(CW".:~:/usr"\fP.
+.if n ".:~:/usr".
+.TP
+.B COLUMNS
+Used by the \fBselect\fP builtin command to determine the terminal width
+when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.
+.TP
+.B COMPREPLY
+An array variable from which \fBbash\fP reads the possible completions
+generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
+facility (see \fBProgrammable Completion\fP below).
+.TP
+.B EMACS
+If \fBbash\fP finds this variable in the environment when the shell starts
+with value
+.if t \f(CWt\fP,
+.if n "t",
+it assumes that the shell is running in an emacs shell buffer and disables
+line editing.
+.TP
+.B FCEDIT
+The default editor for the
+.B fc
+builtin command.
+.TP
+.B FIGNORE
+A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+filename completion (see
+.SM
+.B READLINE
+below).
+A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in
+.SM
+.B FIGNORE
+is excluded from the list of matched filenames.
+A sample value is
+.if t \f(CW".o:~"\fP.
+.if n ".o:~".
+.TP
+.B GLOBIGNORE
+A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
+be ignored by pathname expansion.
+If a filename matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one
+of the patterns in
+.SM
+.BR GLOBIGNORE ,
+it is removed from the list of matches.
+.TP
+.B HISTCONTROL
+A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
+the history list.
+If the list of values includes
+.IR ignorespace ,
+lines which begin with a
+.B space
+character are not saved in the history list.
+A value of
+.I ignoredups
+causes lines matching the previous history entry to not be saved.
+A value of
+.I ignoreboth
+is shorthand for \fIignorespace\fP and \fIignoredups\fP.
+A value of
+.IR erasedups
+causes all previous lines matching the current line to be removed from
+the history list before that line is saved.
+Any value not in the above list is ignored.
+If \fBHISTCONTROL\fP is unset, or does not include a valid value,
+all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list,
+subject to the value of
+.BR HISTIGNORE .
+The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
+not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+.BR HISTCONTROL .
+.TP
+.B HISTFILE
+The name of the file in which command history is saved (see
+.SM
+.B HISTORY
+below). The default value is \fI~/.bash_history\fP. If unset, the
+command history is not saved when an interactive shell exits.
+.TP
+.B HISTFILESIZE
+The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
+variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
+necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines. The default
+value is 500. The history file is also truncated to this size after
+writing it when an interactive shell exits.
+.TP
+.B HISTIGNORE
+A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command lines
+should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is anchored at the
+beginning of the line and must match the complete line (no implicit
+`\fB*\fP' is appended). Each pattern is tested against the line
+after the checks specified by
+.B HISTCONTROL
+are applied.
+In addition to the normal shell pattern matching characters, `\fB&\fP'
+matches the previous history line. `\fB&\fP' may be escaped using a
+backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
+not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+.BR HISTIGNORE .
+.TP
+.B HISTSIZE
+The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
+.SM
+.B HISTORY
+below). The default value is 500.
+.TP
+.B HISTTIMEFORMAT
+If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
+for \fIstrftime\fP(3) to print the time stamp associated with each history
+entry displayed by the \fBhistory\fP builtin.
+If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so
+they may be preserved across shell sessions.
+.TP
+.B HOME
+The home directory of the current user; the default argument for the
+\fBcd\fP builtin command.
+The value of this variable is also used when performing tilde expansion.
+.TP
+.B HOSTFILE
+Contains the name of a file in the same format as
+.FN /etc/hosts
+that should be read when the shell needs to complete a
+hostname.
+The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the
+shell is running;
+the next time hostname completion is attempted after the
+value is changed,
+.B bash
+adds the contents of the new file to the existing list.
+If
+.SM
+.B HOSTFILE
+is set, but has no value, \fBbash\fP attempts to read
+.FN /etc/hosts
+to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.
+When
+.SM
+.B HOSTFILE
+is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
+.TP
+.B IFS
+The
+.I Internal Field Separator
+that is used
+for word splitting after expansion and to
+split lines into words with the
+.B read
+builtin command. The default value is
+``<space><tab><newline>''.
+.TP
+.B IGNOREEOF
+Controls the
+action of an interactive shell on receipt of an
+.SM
+.B EOF
+character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
+consecutive
+.SM
+.B EOF
+characters which must be
+typed as the first characters on an input line before
+.B bash
+exits. If the variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or
+has no value, the default value is 10. If it does not exist,
+.SM
+.B EOF
+signifies the end of input to the shell.
+.TP
+.B INPUTRC
+The filename for the
+.B readline
+startup file, overriding the default of
+.FN ~/.inputrc
+(see
+.SM
+.B READLINE
+below).
+.TP
+.B LANG
+Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
+selected with a variable starting with \fBLC_\fP.
+.TP
+.B LC_ALL
+This variable overrides the value of \fBLANG\fP and any other
+\fBLC_\fP variable specifying a locale category.
+.TP
+.B LC_COLLATE
+This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
+results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior of range
+expressions, equivalence classes, and collating sequences within
+pathname expansion and pattern matching.
+.TP
+.B LC_CTYPE
+This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
+behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and pattern
+matching.
+.TP
+.B LC_MESSAGES
+This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
+strings preceded by a \fB$\fP.
+.TP
+.B LC_NUMERIC
+This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
+.TP
+.B LINES
+Used by the \fBselect\fP builtin command to determine the column length
+for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a SIGWINCH.
+.TP
+.B MAIL
+If this parameter is set to a file name and the
+.SM
+.B MAILPATH
+variable is not set,
+.B bash
+informs the user of the arrival of mail in the specified file.
+.TP
+.B MAILCHECK
+Specifies how
+often (in seconds)
+.B bash
+checks for mail. The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check
+for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary prompt.
+If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
+.TP
+.B MAILPATH
+A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail.
+The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file
+may be specified by separating the file name from the message with a `?'.
+When used in the text of the message, \fB$_\fP expands to the name of
+the current mailfile.
+Example:
+.RS
+.PP
+\fBMAILPATH\fP='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell\-mail?"$_ has mail!"'
+.PP
+.B Bash
+supplies a default value for this variable, but the location of the user
+mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g., /var/mail/\fB$USER\fP).
+.RE
+.TP
+.B OPTERR
+If set to the value 1,
+.B bash
+displays error messages generated by the
+.B getopts
+builtin command (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below).
+.SM
+.B OPTERR
+is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a shell
+script is executed.
+.TP
+.B PATH
+The search path for commands. It
+is a colon-separated list of directories in which
+the shell looks for commands (see
+.SM
+.B COMMAND EXECUTION
+below).
+A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of \fBPATH\fP indicates the
+current directory.
+A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial
+or trailing colon.
+The default path is system-dependent,
+and is set by the administrator who installs
+.BR bash .
+A common value is
+.if t \f(CW/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin\fP.
+.if n ``/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin''.
+.TP
+.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
+If this variable is in the environment when \fBbash\fP starts, the shell
+enters \fIposix mode\fP before reading the startup files, as if the
+.B \-\-posix
+invocation option had been supplied. If it is set while the shell is
+running, \fBbash\fP enables \fIposix mode\fP, as if the command
+.if t \f(CWset -o posix\fP
+.if n \fIset -o posix\fP
+had been executed.
+.TP
+.B PROMPT_COMMAND
+If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each primary
+prompt.
+.TP
+.B PS1
+The value of this parameter is expanded (see
+.SM
+.B PROMPTING
+below) and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+``\fB\es\-\ev\e$ \fP''.
+.TP
+.B PS2
+The value of this parameter is expanded as with
+.B PS1
+and used as the secondary prompt string. The default is
+``\fB> \fP''.
+.TP
+.B PS3
+The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the
+.B select
+command (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL GRAMMAR
+above).
+.TP
+.B PS4
+The value of this parameter is expanded as with
+.B PS1
+and the value is printed before each command
+.B bash
+displays during an execution trace. The first character of
+.SM
+.B PS4
+is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple
+levels of indirection. The default is ``\fB+ \fP''.
+.TP
+.B TIMEFORMAT
+The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
+how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+.B time
+reserved word should be displayed.
+The \fB%\fP character introduces an escape sequence that is
+expanded to a time value or other information.
+The escape sequences and their meanings are as follows; the
+braces denote optional portions.
+.sp .5
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP 10
+.B %%
+A literal \fB%\fP.
+.TP
+.B %[\fIp\fP][l]R
+The elapsed time in seconds.
+.TP
+.B %[\fIp\fP][l]U
+The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.
+.TP
+.B %[\fIp\fP][l]S
+The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
+.TP
+.B %P
+The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
+.PD
+.RE
+.IP
+The optional \fIp\fP is a digit specifying the \fIprecision\fP,
+the number of fractional digits after a decimal point.
+A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
+At most three places after the decimal point may be specified;
+values of \fIp\fP greater than 3 are changed to 3.
+If \fIp\fP is not specified, the value 3 is used.
+.IP
+The optional \fBl\fP specifies a longer format, including
+minutes, of the form \fIMM\fPm\fISS\fP.\fIFF\fPs.
+The value of \fIp\fP determines whether or not the fraction is
+included.
+.IP
+If this variable is not set, \fBbash\fP acts as if it had the
+value \fB$'\enreal\et%3lR\enuser\et%3lU\ensys\t%3lS'\fP.
+If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
+A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
+.TP
+.B TMOUT
+If set to a value greater than zero, \fBTMOUT\fP is treated as the
+default timeout for the \fBread\fP builtin.
+The \fBselect\fP command terminates if input does not arrive
+after \fBTMOUT\fP seconds when input is coming from a terminal.
+In an interactive shell, the value is interpreted as the
+number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary prompt.
+.B Bash
+terminates after waiting for that number of seconds if input does
+not arrive.
+.TP
+.B auto_resume
+This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
+job control. If this variable is set, single word simple
+commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
+of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is
+more than one job beginning with the string typed, the job most recently
+accessed is selected. The
+.I name
+of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to
+start it.
+If set to the value
+.IR exact ,
+the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly;
+if set to
+.IR substring ,
+the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+stopped job. The
+.I substring
+value provides functionality analogous to the
+.B %?
+job identifier (see
+.SM
+.B JOB CONTROL
+below). If set to any other value, the supplied string must
+be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
+analogous to the
+.B %
+job identifier.
+.TP
+.B histchars
+The two or three characters which control history expansion
+and tokenization (see
+.SM
+.B HISTORY EXPANSION
+below). The first character is the \fIhistory expansion\fP character,
+the character which signals the start of a history
+expansion, normally `\fB!\fP'.
+The second character is the \fIquick substitution\fP
+character, which is used as shorthand for re-running the previous
+command entered, substituting one string for another in the command.
+The default is `\fB^\fP'.
+The optional third character is the character
+which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found
+as the first character of a word, normally `\fB#\fP'. The history
+comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
+remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell
+parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
+.PD
+.SS Arrays
+.B Bash
+provides one-dimensional array variables. Any variable may be used as
+an array; the
+.B declare
+builtin will explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum
+limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
+be indexed or assigned contiguously. Arrays are indexed using
+integers and are zero-based.
+.PP
+An array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using
+the syntax \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIvalue\fP. The
+.I subscript
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
+greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use
+.B declare \-a \fIname\fP
+(see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below).
+.B declare \-a \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]
+is also accepted; the \fIsubscript\fP is ignored. Attributes may be
+specified for an array variable using the
+.B declare
+and
+.B readonly
+builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
+.PP
+Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+\fIname\fP=\fB(\fPvalue\fI1\fP ... value\fIn\fP\fB)\fP, where each
+\fIvalue\fP is of the form [\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIstring\fP. Only
+\fIstring\fP is required. If
+the optional brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to;
+otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
+to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
+This syntax is also accepted by the
+.B declare
+builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
+\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]=\fIvalue\fP syntax introduced above.
+.PP
+Any element of an array may be referenced using
+${\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]}. The braces are required to avoid
+conflicts with pathname expansion. If
+\fIsubscript\fP is \fB@\fP or \fB*\fP, the word expands to
+all members of \fIname\fP. These subscripts differ only when the
+word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted,
+${\fIname\fP[*]} expands to a single
+word with the value of each array member separated by the first
+character of the
+.SM
+.B IFS
+special variable, and ${\fIname\fP[@]} expands each element of
+\fIname\fP to a separate word. When there are no array members,
+${\fIname\fP[@]} expands to nothing. This is analogous to the expansion
+of the special parameters \fB*\fP and \fB@\fP (see
+.B Special Parameters
+above). ${#\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]} expands to the length of
+${\fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]}. If \fIsubscript\fP is \fB*\fP or
+\fB@\fP, the expansion is the number of elements in the array.
+Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to
+referencing element zero.
+.PP
+The
+.B unset
+builtin is used to destroy arrays. \fBunset\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP]
+destroys the array element at index \fIsubscript\fP.
+\fBunset\fP \fIname\fP, where \fIname\fP is an array, or
+\fBunset\fP \fIname\fP[\fIsubscript\fP], where
+\fIsubscript\fP is \fB*\fP or \fB@\fP, removes the entire array.
+.PP
+The
+.BR declare ,
+.BR local ,
+and
+.B readonly
+builtins each accept a
+.B \-a
+option to specify an array. The
+.B read
+builtin accepts a
+.B \-a
+option to assign a list of words read from the standard input
+to an array. The
+.B set
+and
+.B declare
+builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be
+reused as assignments.
+.SH EXPANSION
+Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
+words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:
+.IR "brace expansion" ,
+.IR "tilde expansion" ,
+.IR "parameter and variable expansion" ,
+.IR "command substitution" ,
+.IR "arithmetic expansion" ,
+.IR "word splitting" ,
+and
+.IR "pathname expansion" .
+.PP
+The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
+parameter, variable and arithmetic expansion and
+command substitution
+(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname
+expansion.
+.PP
+On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
+available: \fIprocess substitution\fP.
+.PP
+Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion
+can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
+expand a single word to a single word.
+The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
+"\fB$@\fP" and "\fB${\fP\fIname\fP\fB[@]}\fP"
+as explained above (see
+.SM
+.BR PARAMETERS ).
+.SS Brace Expansion
+.PP
+.I "Brace expansion"
+is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings
+may be generated. This mechanism is similar to
+\fIpathname expansion\fP, but the filenames generated
+need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take
+the form of an optional
+.IR preamble ,
+followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or
+a sequence expression between a pair of braces, followed by
+an optional
+.IR postscript .
+The preamble is prefixed to each string contained
+within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
+to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
+.PP
+Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded
+string are not sorted; left to right order is preserved.
+For example, a\fB{\fPd,c,b\fB}\fPe expands into `ade ace abe'.
+.PP
+A sequence expression takes the form \fB{\fP\fIx\fP\fB..\fP\fIy\fP\fB}\fP,
+where \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP are either integers or single characters.
+When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
+\fIx\fP and \fIy\fP, inclusive.
+When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
+lexicographically between \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP, inclusive. Note that
+both \fIx\fP and \fIy\fP must be of the same type.
+.PP
+Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions,
+and any characters special to other expansions are preserved
+in the result. It is strictly textual.
+.B Bash
+does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the
+expansion or the text between the braces.
+.PP
+A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening
+and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid
+sequence expression.
+Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
+A \fB{\fP or \fB,\fP may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
+being considered part of a brace expression.
+To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string \fB${\fP
+is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
+.PP
+This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
+prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
+above example:
+.RS
+.PP
+mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,new,dist,bugs}
+.RE
+or
+.RS
+chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
+.RE
+.PP
+Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with
+historical versions of
+.BR sh .
+.B sh
+does not treat opening or closing braces specially when they
+appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+.B Bash
+removes braces from words as a consequence of brace
+expansion. For example, a word entered to
+.B sh
+as \fIfile{1,2}\fP
+appears identically in the output. The same word is
+output as
+.I file1 file2
+after expansion by
+.BR bash .
+If strict compatibility with
+.B sh
+is desired, start
+.B bash
+with the
+.B +B
+option or disable brace expansion with the
+.B +B
+option to the
+.B set
+command (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below).
+.SS Tilde Expansion
+.PP
+If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`\fB~\fP'), all of
+the characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters,
+if there is no unquoted slash) are considered a \fItilde-prefix\fP.
+If none of the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the
+characters in the tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a
+possible \fIlogin name\fP.
+If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+value of the shell parameter
+.SM
+.BR HOME .
+If
+.SM
+.B HOME
+is unset, the home directory of the user executing the shell is
+substituted instead.
+Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory
+associated with the specified login name.
+.PP
+If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable
+.SM
+.B PWD
+replaces the tilde-prefix.
+If the tilde-prefix is a `~\-', the value of the shell variable
+.SM
+.BR OLDPWD ,
+if it is set, is substituted.
+If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist
+of a number \fIN\fP, optionally prefixed
+by a `+' or a `\-', the tilde-prefix is replaced with the corresponding
+element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed by the
+.B dirs
+builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argument.
+If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a
+number without a leading `+' or `\-', `+' is assumed.
+.PP
+If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word
+is unchanged.
+.PP
+Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately
+following a
+.B :
+or
+.BR = .
+In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.
+Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in assignments to
+.SM
+.BR PATH ,
+.SM
+.BR MAILPATH ,
+and
+.SM
+.BR CDPATH ,
+and the shell assigns the expanded value.
+.SS Parameter Expansion
+.PP
+The `\fB$\fP' character introduces parameter expansion,
+command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name
+or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which
+are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from
+characters immediately following it which could be
+interpreted as part of the name.
+.PP
+When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `\fB}\fP'
+not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
+embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or paramter
+expansion.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP}
+The value of \fIparameter\fP is substituted. The braces are required
+when
+.I parameter
+is a positional parameter with more than one digit,
+or when
+.I parameter
+is followed by a character which is not to be
+interpreted as part of its name.
+.PD
+.PP
+If the first character of \fIparameter\fP is an exclamation point,
+a level of variable indirection is introduced.
+\fBBash\fP uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of
+\fIparameter\fP as the name of the variable; this variable is then
+expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather
+than the value of \fIparameter\fP itself.
+This is known as \fIindirect expansion\fP.
+The exceptions to this are the expansions of ${!\fIprefix\fP*} and
+${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]} described below.
+The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
+introduce indirection.
+.PP
+In each of the cases below, \fIword\fP is subject to tilde expansion,
+parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
+When not performing substring expansion, \fBbash\fP tests for a parameter
+that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
+parameter that is unset.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB:\-\fP\fIword\fP}
+\fBUse Default Values\fP. If
+.I parameter
+is unset or null, the expansion of
+.I word
+is substituted. Otherwise, the value of
+.I parameter
+is substituted.
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB:=\fP\fIword\fP}
+\fBAssign Default Values\fP.
+If
+.I parameter
+is unset or null, the expansion of
+.I word
+is assigned to
+.IR parameter .
+The value of
+.I parameter
+is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may
+not be assigned to in this way.
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB:?\fP\fIword\fP}
+\fBDisplay Error if Null or Unset\fP.
+If
+.I parameter
+is null or unset, the expansion of \fIword\fP (or a message to that effect
+if
+.I word
+is not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it
+is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of \fIparameter\fP is
+substituted.
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB:+\fP\fIword\fP}
+\fBUse Alternate Value\fP.
+If
+.I parameter
+is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of
+.I word
+is substituted.
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB:\fP\fIoffset\fP}
+.PD 0
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB:\fP\fIoffset\fP\fB:\fP\fIlength\fP}
+.PD
+\fBSubstring Expansion.\fP
+Expands to up to \fIlength\fP characters of \fIparameter\fP
+starting at the character specified by \fIoffset\fP.
+If \fIlength\fP is omitted, expands to the substring of
+\fIparameter\fP starting at the character specified by \fIoffset\fP.
+\fIlength\fP and \fIoffset\fP are arithmetic expressions (see
+.SM
+.B
+ARITHMETIC EVALUATION
+below).
+\fIlength\fP must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
+If \fIoffset\fP evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
+is used as an offset from the end of the value of \fIparameter\fP.
+If \fIparameter\fP is \fB@\fP, the result is \fIlength\fP positional
+parameters beginning at \fIoffset\fP.
+If \fIparameter\fP is an array name indexed by @ or *,
+the result is the \fIlength\fP
+members of the array beginning with ${\fIparameter\fP[\fIoffset\fP]}.
+Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
+are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1.
+.TP
+${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB*\fP}
+.PD 0
+.TP
+${\fB!\fP\fIprefix\fP\fB@\fP}
+.PD
+Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with \fIprefix\fP,
+separated by the first character of the
+.SM
+.B IFS
+special variable.
+.TP
+${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI@\fP]}
+.PD 0
+.TP
+${\fB!\fP\fIname\fP[\fI*\fP]}
+.PD
+If \fIname\fP is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices
+(keys) assigned in \fIname\fP.
+If \fIname\fP is not an array, expands to 0 if \fIname\fP is set and null
+otherwise.
+When \fI@\fP is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
+key expands to a separate word.
+.TP
+${\fB#\fP\fIparameter\fP}
+The length in characters of the value of \fIparameter\fP is substituted.
+If
+.I parameter
+is
+.B *
+or
+.BR @ ,
+the value substituted is the number of positional parameters.
+If
+.I parameter
+is an array name subscripted by
+.B *
+or
+.BR @ ,
+the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB#\fP\fIword\fP}
+.PD 0
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB##\fP\fIword\fP}
+.PD
+The
+.I word
+is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname
+expansion. If the pattern matches the beginning of
+the value of
+.IR parameter ,
+then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of
+.I parameter
+with the shortest matching pattern (the ``\fB#\fP'' case) or the
+longest matching pattern (the ``\fB##\fP'' case) deleted.
+If
+.I parameter
+is
+.B @
+or
+.BR * ,
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If
+.I parameter
+is an array variable subscripted with
+.B @
+or
+.BR * ,
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB%\fP\fIword\fP}
+.PD 0
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB%%\fP\fIword\fP}
+.PD
+The \fIword\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+pathname expansion.
+If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of
+.IR parameter ,
+then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of
+.I parameter
+with the shortest matching pattern (the ``\fB%\fP'' case) or the
+longest matching pattern (the ``\fB%%\fP'' case) deleted.
+If
+.I parameter
+is
+.B @
+or
+.BR * ,
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If
+.I parameter
+is an array variable subscripted with
+.B @
+or
+.BR * ,
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB/\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP}
+.PD 0
+.TP
+${\fIparameter\fP\fB//\fP\fIpattern\fP\fB/\fP\fIstring\fP}
+.PD
+The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+pathname expansion.
+\fIParameter\fP is expanded and the longest match of \fIpattern\fP
+against its value is replaced with \fIstring\fP.
+In the first form, only the first match is replaced.
+The second form causes all matches of \fIpattern\fP to be
+replaced with \fIstring\fP.
+If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB#\fP, it must match at the beginning
+of the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP.
+If \fIpattern\fP begins with \fB%\fP, it must match at the end
+of the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP.
+If \fIstring\fP is null, matches of \fIpattern\fP are deleted
+and the \fB/\fP following \fIpattern\fP may be omitted.
+If
+.I parameter
+is
+.B @
+or
+.BR * ,
+the substitution operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If
+.I parameter
+is an array variable subscripted with
+.B @
+or
+.BR * ,
+the substitution operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+.SS Command Substitution
+.PP
+\fICommand substitution\fP allows the output of a command to replace
+the command name. There are two forms:
+.PP
+.RS
+.PP
+\fB$(\fP\fIcommand\fP\|\fB)\fP
+.RE
+or
+.RS
+\fB`\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB`\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+.B Bash
+performs the expansion by executing \fIcommand\fP and
+replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the
+command, with any trailing newlines deleted.
+Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they may be removed during
+word splitting.
+The command substitution \fB$(cat \fIfile\fP)\fR can be replaced by
+the equivalent but faster \fB$(< \fIfile\fP)\fR.
+.PP
+When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used,
+backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by
+.BR $ ,
+.BR ` ,
+or
+.BR \e .
+The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the
+command substitution.
+When using the $(\^\fIcommand\fP\|) form, all characters between the
+parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
+.PP
+Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted form,
+escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
+.PP
+If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
+.SS Arithmetic Expansion
+.PP
+Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
+.RS
+.PP
+\fB$((\fP\fIexpression\fP\fB))\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+.I expression
+is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a double quote
+inside the parentheses is not treated specially.
+All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string
+expansion, command substitution, and quote removal.
+Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
+.PP
+The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+.SM
+.BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" .
+If
+.I expression
+is invalid,
+.B bash
+prints a message indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
+.SS Process Substitution
+.PP
+\fIProcess substitution\fP is supported on systems that support named
+pipes (\fIFIFOs\fP) or the \fB/dev/fd\fP method of naming open files.
+It takes the form of
+\fB<(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP
+or
+\fB>(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP.
+The process \fIlist\fP is run with its input or output connected to a
+\fIFIFO\fP or some file in \fB/dev/fd\fP. The name of this file is
+passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
+expansion. If the \fB>(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP form is used, writing to
+the file will provide input for \fIlist\fP. If the
+\fB<(\fP\fIlist\^\fP\fB)\fP form is used, the file passed as an
+argument should be read to obtain the output of \fIlist\fP.
+.PP
+When available, process substitution is performed
+simultaneously with parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution,
+and arithmetic expansion.
+.SS Word Splitting
+.PP
+The shell scans the results of
+parameter expansion,
+command substitution,
+and
+arithmetic expansion
+that did not occur within double quotes for
+.IR "word splitting" .
+.PP
+The shell treats each character of
+.SM
+.B IFS
+as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other
+expansions into words on these characters. If
+.SM
+.B IFS
+is unset, or its
+value is exactly
+.BR <space><tab><newline> ,
+the default, then
+any sequence of
+.SM
+.B IFS
+characters serves to delimit words. If
+.SM
+.B IFS
+has a value other than the default, then sequences of
+the whitespace characters
+.B space
+and
+.B tab
+are ignored at the beginning and end of the
+word, as long as the whitespace character is in the
+value of
+.SM
+.BR IFS
+(an
+.SM
+.B IFS
+whitespace character).
+Any character in
+.SM
+.B IFS
+that is not
+.SM
+.B IFS
+whitespace, along with any adjacent
+.SM
+.B IFS
+whitespace characters, delimits a field.
+A sequence of
+.SM
+.B IFS
+whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
+If the value of
+.SM
+.B IFS
+is null, no word splitting occurs.
+.PP
+Explicit null arguments (\^\f3"\^"\fP or \^\f3'\^'\fP\^) are retained.
+Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of
+parameters that have no values, are removed.
+If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a
+null argument results and is retained.
+.PP
+Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
+is performed.
+.SS Pathname Expansion
+.PP
+After word splitting,
+unless the
+.B \-f
+option has been set,
+.B bash
+scans each word for the characters
+.BR * ,
+.BR ? ,
+and
+.BR [ .
+If one of these characters appears, then the word is
+regarded as a
+.IR pattern ,
+and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of
+file names matching the pattern.
+If no matching file names are found,
+and the shell option
+.B nullglob
+is disabled, the word is left unchanged.
+If the
+.B nullglob
+option is set, and no matches are found,
+the word is removed.
+If the
+.B failglob
+shell option is set, and no matches are found, an error message
+is printed and the command is not executed.
+If the shell option
+.B nocaseglob
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+When a pattern is used for pathname expansion,
+the character
+.B ``.''
+at the start of a name or immediately following a slash
+must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option
+.B dotglob
+is set.
+When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be
+matched explicitly.
+In other cases, the
+.B ``.''
+character is not treated specially.
+See the description of
+.B shopt
+below under
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+for a description of the
+.BR nocaseglob ,
+.BR nullglob ,
+.BR failglob ,
+and
+.B dotglob
+shell options.
+.PP
+The
+.SM
+.B GLOBIGNORE
+shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file names matching a
+.IR pattern .
+If
+.SM
+.B GLOBIGNORE
+is set, each matching file name that also matches one of the patterns in
+.SM
+.B GLOBIGNORE
+is removed from the list of matches.
+The file names
+.B ``.''
+and
+.B ``..''
+are always ignored when
+.SM
+.B GLOBIGNORE
+is set and not null. However, setting
+.SM
+.B GLOBIGNORE
+to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the
+.B dotglob
+shell option, so all other file names beginning with a
+.B ``.''
+will match.
+To get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a
+.BR ``.'' ,
+make
+.B ``.*''
+one of the patterns in
+.SM
+.BR GLOBIGNORE .
+The
+.B dotglob
+option is disabled when
+.SM
+.B GLOBIGNORE
+is unset.
+.PP
+\fBPattern Matching\fP
+.PP
+Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
+characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
+occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
+escaping backslash is discarded when matching.
+The special pattern characters must be quoted if
+they are to be matched literally.
+.PP
+The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B *
+Matches any string, including the null string.
+.TP
+.B ?
+Matches any single character.
+.TP
+.B [...]
+Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters
+separated by a hyphen denotes a
+\fIrange expression\fP;
+any character that sorts between those two characters, inclusive,
+using the current locale's collating sequence and character set,
+is matched. If the first character following the
+.B [
+is a
+.B !
+or a
+.B ^
+then any character not enclosed is matched.
+The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by
+the current locale and the value of the \fBLC_COLLATE\fP shell variable,
+if set.
+A
+.B \-
+may be matched by including it as the first or last character
+in the set.
+A
+.B ]
+may be matched by including it as the first character
+in the set.
+.br
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+Within
+.B [
+and
+.BR ] ,
+\fIcharacter classes\fP can be specified using the syntax
+\fB[:\fP\fIclass\fP\fB:]\fP, where \fIclass\fP is one of the
+following classes defined in the POSIX.2 standard:
+.PP
+.RS
+.B
+.if n alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower print punct space upper word xdigit
+.if t alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower print punct space upper word xdigit
+.br
+A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
+The \fBword\fP character class matches letters, digits, and the character _.
+.br
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+Within
+.B [
+and
+.BR ] ,
+an \fIequivalence class\fP can be specified using the syntax
+\fB[=\fP\fIc\fP\fB=]\fP, which matches all characters with the
+same collation weight (as defined by the current locale) as
+the character \fIc\fP.
+.br
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+Within
+.B [
+and
+.BR ] ,
+the syntax \fB[.\fP\fIsymbol\fP\fB.]\fP matches the collating symbol
+\fIsymbol\fP.
+.RE
+.PD
+.PP
+If the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled using the \fBshopt\fP
+builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized.
+In the following description, a \fIpattern-list\fP is a list of one
+or more patterns separated by a \fB|\fP.
+Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following
+sub-patterns:
+.sp 1
+.PD 0
+.RS
+.TP
+\fB?(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP
+Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns
+.TP
+\fB*(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP
+Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns
+.TP
+\fB+(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP
+Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns
+.TP
+\fB@(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP
+Matches exactly one of the given patterns
+.TP
+\fB!(\fP\^\fIpattern-list\^\fP\fB)\fP
+Matches anything except one of the given patterns
+.RE
+.PD
+.SS Quote Removal
+.PP
+After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
+characters
+.BR \e ,
+.BR ' ,
+and \^\f3"\fP\^ that did not result from one of the above
+expansions are removed.
+.SH REDIRECTION
+Before a command is executed, its input and output
+may be
+.I redirected
+using a special notation interpreted by the shell.
+Redirection may also be used to open and close files for the
+current shell execution environment. The following redirection
+operators may precede or appear anywhere within a
+.I simple command
+or may follow a
+.IR command .
+Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from
+left to right.
+.PP
+In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is
+omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is
+.BR < ,
+the redirection refers to the standard input (file descriptor
+0). If the first character of the redirection operator is
+.BR > ,
+the redirection refers to the standard output (file descriptor
+1).
+.PP
+The word following the redirection operator in the following
+descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion,
+tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting.
+If it expands to more than one word,
+.B bash
+reports an error.
+.PP
+Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example,
+the command
+.RS
+.PP
+ls \fB>\fP dirlist 2\fB>&\fP1
+.RE
+.PP
+directs both standard output and standard error to the file
+.IR dirlist ,
+while the command
+.RS
+.PP
+ls 2\fB>&\fP1 \fB>\fP dirlist
+.RE
+.PP
+directs only the standard output to file
+.IR dirlist ,
+because the standard error was duplicated as standard output
+before the standard output was redirected to
+.IR dirlist .
+.PP
+\fBBash\fP handles several filenames specially when they are used in
+redirections, as described in the following table:
+.RS
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B /dev/fd/\fIfd\fP
+If \fIfd\fP is a valid integer, file descriptor \fIfd\fP is duplicated.
+.TP
+.B /dev/stdin
+File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
+.TP
+.B /dev/stdout
+File descriptor 1 is duplicated.
+.TP
+.B /dev/stderr
+File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
+.TP
+.B /dev/tcp/\fIhost\fP/\fIport\fP
+If \fIhost\fP is a valid hostname or Internet address, and \fIport\fP
+is an integer port number or service name, \fBbash\fP attempts to open
+a TCP connection to the corresponding socket.
+.TP
+.B /dev/udp/\fIhost\fP/\fIport\fP
+If \fIhost\fP is a valid hostname or Internet address, and \fIport\fP
+is an integer port number or service name, \fBbash\fP attempts to open
+a UDP connection to the corresponding socket.
+.PD
+.RE
+.PP
+A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
+.SS Redirecting Input
+.PP
+Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of
+.I word
+to be opened for reading on file descriptor
+.IR n ,
+or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if
+.I n
+is not specified.
+.PP
+The general format for redirecting input is:
+.RS
+.PP
+[\fIn\fP]\fB<\fP\fIword\fP
+.RE
+.SS Redirecting Output
+.PP
+Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of
+.I word
+to be opened for writing on file descriptor
+.IR n ,
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if
+.I n
+is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created;
+if it does exist it is truncated to zero size.
+.PP
+The general format for redirecting output is:
+.RS
+.PP
+[\fIn\fP]\fB>\fP\fIword\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+If the redirection operator is
+.BR > ,
+and the
+.B noclobber
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file
+whose name results from the expansion of \fIword\fP exists and is
+a regular file.
+If the redirection operator is
+.BR >| ,
+or the redirection operator is
+.B >
+and the
+.B noclobber
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin command is not enabled, the redirection is attempted even
+if the file named by \fIword\fP exists.
+.SS Appending Redirected Output
+.PP
+Redirection of output in this fashion
+causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of
+.I word
+to be opened for appending on file descriptor
+.IR n ,
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if
+.I n
+is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
+.PP
+The general format for appending output is:
+.RS
+.PP
+[\fIn\fP]\fB>>\fP\fIword\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+.SS Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error
+.PP
+.B Bash
+allows both the
+standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
+to be redirected to the file whose name is the
+expansion of
+.I word
+with this construct.
+.PP
+There are two formats for redirecting standard output and
+standard error:
+.RS
+.PP
+\fB&>\fP\fIword\fP
+.RE
+and
+.RS
+\fB>&\fP\fIword\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+Of the two forms, the first is preferred.
+This is semantically equivalent to
+.RS
+.PP
+\fB>\fP\fIword\fP 2\fB>&\fP1
+.RE
+.SS Here Documents
+.PP
+This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+current source until a line containing only
+.I word
+(with no trailing blanks)
+is seen. All of
+the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard
+input for a command.
+.PP
+The format of here-documents is:
+.RS
+.PP
+.nf
+\fB<<\fP[\fB\-\fP]\fIword\fP
+ \fIhere-document\fP
+\fIdelimiter\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+or pathname expansion is performed on
+.IR word .
+If any characters in
+.I word
+are quoted, the
+.I delimiter
+is the result of quote removal on
+.IR word ,
+and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.
+If \fIword\fP is unquoted,
+all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion,
+command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter
+case, the character sequence
+.B \e<newline>
+is ignored, and
+.B \e
+must be used to quote the characters
+.BR \e ,
+.BR $ ,
+and
+.BR ` .
+.PP
+If the redirection operator is
+.BR <<\- ,
+then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the
+line containing
+.IR delimiter .
+This allows
+here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
+natural fashion.
+.SS "Here Strings"
+A variant of here documents, the format is:
+.RS
+.PP
+.nf
+\fB<<<\fP\fIword\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+The \fIword\fP is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard
+input.
+.SS "Duplicating File Descriptors"
+.PP
+The redirection operator
+.RS
+.PP
+[\fIn\fP]\fB<&\fP\fIword\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+is used to duplicate input file descriptors.
+If
+.I word
+expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by
+.I n
+is made to be a copy of that file descriptor.
+If the digits in
+.I word
+do not specify a file descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs.
+If
+.I word
+evaluates to
+.BR \- ,
+file descriptor
+.I n
+is closed. If
+.I n
+is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
+.PP
+The operator
+.RS
+.PP
+[\fIn\fP]\fB>&\fP\fIword\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If
+.I n
+is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used.
+If the digits in
+.I word
+do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a redirection error occurs.
+As a special case, if \fIn\fP is omitted, and \fIword\fP does not
+expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
+error are redirected as described previously.
+.SS "Moving File Descriptors"
+.PP
+The redirection operator
+.RS
+.PP
+[\fIn\fP]\fB<&\fP\fIdigit\fP\fB\-\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+moves the file descriptor \fIdigit\fP to file descriptor
+.IR n ,
+or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if \fIn\fP is not specified.
+\fIdigit\fP is closed after being duplicated to \fIn\fP.
+.PP
+Similarly, the redirection operator
+.RS
+.PP
+[\fIn\fP]\fB>&\fP\fIdigit\fP\fB\-\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+moves the file descriptor \fIdigit\fP to file descriptor
+.IR n ,
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if \fIn\fP is not specified.
+.SS "Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing"
+.PP
+The redirection operator
+.RS
+.PP
+[\fIn\fP]\fB<>\fP\fIword\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+causes the file whose name is the expansion of
+.I word
+to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor
+.IR n ,
+or on file descriptor 0 if
+.I n
+is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
+.SH ALIASES
+\fIAliases\fP allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
+as the first word of a simple command.
+The shell maintains a list of aliases that may be set and unset with the
+.B alias
+and
+.B unalias
+builtin commands (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below).
+The first word of each command, if unquoted,
+is checked to see if it has an
+alias. If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias.
+The alias name and the replacement text may contain any valid
+shell input, including the
+.I metacharacters
+listed above, with the exception that the alias name may not
+contain \fI=\fP. The first word of the replacement text is tested
+for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded
+is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias
+.B ls
+to
+.BR "ls \-F" ,
+for instance, and
+.B bash
+does not try to recursively expand the replacement text.
+If the last character of the alias value is a
+.IR blank ,
+then the next command
+word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
+.PP
+Aliases are created and listed with the
+.B alias
+command, and removed with the
+.B unalias
+command.
+.PP
+There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text.
+If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see
+.SM
+.B FUNCTIONS
+below).
+.PP
+Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless
+the
+.B expand_aliases
+shell option is set using
+.B shopt
+(see the description of
+.B shopt
+under
+.SM
+\fBSHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\fP
+below).
+.PP
+The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are
+somewhat confusing.
+.B Bash
+always reads at least one complete line
+of input before executing any
+of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a
+command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an
+alias definition appearing on the same line as another
+command does not take effect until the next line of input is read.
+The commands following the alias definition
+on that line are not affected by the new alias.
+This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
+Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read,
+not when the function is executed, because a function definition
+is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases
+defined in a function are not available until after that
+function is executed. To be safe, always put
+alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use
+.B alias
+in compound commands.
+.PP
+For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by
+shell functions.
+.SH FUNCTIONS
+A shell function, defined as described above under
+.SM
+.BR "SHELL GRAMMAR" ,
+stores a series of commands for later execution.
+When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name,
+the list of commands associated with that function name is executed.
+Functions are executed in the context of the
+current shell; no new process is created to interpret
+them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
+When a function is executed, the arguments to the
+function become the positional parameters
+during its execution.
+The special parameter
+.B #
+is updated to reflect the change. Positional parameter 0
+is unchanged.
+The first element of the
+.SM
+.B FUNCNAME
+variable is set to the name of the function while the function
+is executing.
+All other aspects of the shell execution
+environment are identical between a function and its caller
+with the exception that the
+.SM
+.B DEBUG
+trap (see the description of the
+.B trap
+builtin under
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below) is not inherited unless the function has been given the
+\fBtrace\fP attribute (see the description of the
+.SM
+.B declare
+builtin below) or the
+\fB\-o functrace\fP shell option has been enabled with
+the \fBset\fP builtin
+(in which case all functions inherit the \fBDEBUG\fP trap).
+.PP
+Variables local to the function may be declared with the
+.B local
+builtin command. Ordinarily, variables and their values
+are shared between the function and its caller.
+.PP
+If the builtin command
+.B return
+is executed in a function, the function completes and
+execution resumes with the next command after the function
+call.
+Any command associated with the \fBRETURN\fP trap is executed
+before execution resumes.
+When a function completes, the values of the
+positional parameters and the special parameter
+.B #
+are restored to the values they had prior to the function's
+execution.
+.PP
+Function names and definitions may be listed with the
+.B \-f
+option to the
+.B declare
+or
+.B typeset
+builtin commands. The
+.B \-F
+option to
+.B declare
+or
+.B typeset
+will list the function names only
+(and optionally the source file and line number, if the \fBextdebug\fP
+shell option is enabled).
+Functions may be exported so that subshells
+automatically have them defined with the
+.B \-f
+option to the
+.B export
+builtin.
+Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
+in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
+shell's children.
+Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
+.PP
+Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number
+of recursive calls.
+.SH "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION"
+The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under
+certain circumstances (see the \fBlet\fP and \fBdeclare\fP builtin
+commands and \fBArithmetic Expansion\fP).
+Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow,
+though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
+The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values
+are the same as in the C language.
+The following list of operators is grouped into levels of
+equal-precedence operators.
+The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \fIid\fP++ \fIid\fP\-\-
+variable post-increment and post-decrement
+.TP
+.B ++\fIid\fP \-\-\fIid\fP
+variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
+.TP
+.B \- +
+unary minus and plus
+.TP
+.B ! ~
+logical and bitwise negation
+.TP
+.B **
+exponentiation
+.TP
+.B * / %
+multiplication, division, remainder
+.TP
+.B + \-
+addition, subtraction
+.TP
+.B << >>
+left and right bitwise shifts
+.TP
+.B <= >= < >
+comparison
+.TP
+.B == !=
+equality and inequality
+.TP
+.B &
+bitwise AND
+.TP
+.B ^
+bitwise exclusive OR
+.TP
+.B |
+bitwise OR
+.TP
+.B &&
+logical AND
+.TP
+.B ||
+logical OR
+.TP
+.B \fIexpr\fP?\fIexpr\fP:\fIexpr\fP
+conditional operator
+.TP
+.B = *= /= %= += \-= <<= >>= &= ^= |=
+assignment
+.TP
+.B \fIexpr1\fP , \fIexpr2\fP
+comma
+.PD
+.PP
+Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is
+performed before the expression is evaluated.
+Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name
+without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced
+by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression
+when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the
+\fIinteger\fP attribute using \fBdeclare -i\fP is assigned a value.
+A null value evaluates to 0.
+A shell variable need not have its integer attribute
+turned on to be used in an expression.
+.PP
+Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.
+A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal.
+Otherwise, numbers take the form [\fIbase#\fP]n, where \fIbase\fP
+is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic
+base, and \fIn\fP is a number in that base.
+If \fIbase#\fP is omitted, then base 10 is used.
+The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
+the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that order.
+If \fIbase\fP is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
+letters may be used interchangably to represent numbers between 10
+and 35.
+.PP
+Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
+rules above.
+.SH "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS"
+Conditional expressions are used by the \fB[[\fP compound command and
+the \fBtest\fP and \fB[\fP builtin commands to test file attributes
+and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.
+Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
+If any \fIfile\fP argument to one of the primaries is of the form
+\fI/dev/fd/n\fP, then file descriptor \fIn\fP is checked.
+If the \fIfile\fP argument to one of the primaries is one of
+\fI/dev/stdin\fP, \fI/dev/stdout\fP, or \fI/dev/stderr\fP, file
+descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+.sp 1
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \-a \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists.
+.TP
+.B \-b \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a block special file.
+.TP
+.B \-c \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a character special file.
+.TP
+.B \-d \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a directory.
+.TP
+.B \-e \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists.
+.TP
+.B \-f \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a regular file.
+.TP
+.B \-g \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is set-group-id.
+.TP
+.B \-h \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a symbolic link.
+.TP
+.B \-k \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and its ``sticky'' bit is set.
+.TP
+.B \-p \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
+.TP
+.B \-r \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is readable.
+.TP
+.B \-s \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and has a size greater than zero.
+.TP
+.B \-t \fIfd\fP
+True if file descriptor
+.I fd
+is open and refers to a terminal.
+.TP
+.B \-u \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
+.TP
+.B \-w \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is writable.
+.TP
+.B \-x \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is executable.
+.TP
+.B \-O \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is owned by the effective user id.
+.TP
+.B \-G \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is owned by the effective group id.
+.TP
+.B \-L \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a symbolic link.
+.TP
+.B \-S \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and is a socket.
+.TP
+.B \-N \fIfile\fP
+True if \fIfile\fP exists and has been modified since it was last read.
+.TP
+\fIfile1\fP \-\fBnt\fP \fIfile2\fP
+True if \fIfile1\fP is newer (according to modification date) than \fIfile2\fP,
+or if \fIfile1\fP exists and \fPfile2\fP does not.
+.TP
+\fIfile1\fP \-\fBot\fP \fIfile2\fP
+True if \fIfile1\fP is older than \fIfile2\fP, or if \fIfile2\fP exists
+and \fIfile1\fP does not.
+.TP
+\fIfile1\fP \fB\-ef\fP \fIfile2\fP
+True if \fIfile1\fP and \fIfile2\fP refer to the same device and
+inode numbers.
+.TP
+.B \-o \fIoptname\fP
+True if shell option
+.I optname
+is enabled.
+See the list of options under the description of the
+.B \-o
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin below.
+.TP
+.B \-z \fIstring\fP
+True if the length of \fIstring\fP is zero.
+.TP
+.B \-n \fIstring\fP
+.TP
+\fIstring\fP
+True if the length of
+.I string
+is non-zero.
+.TP
+\fIstring1\fP \fB==\fP \fIstring2\fP
+True if the strings are equal. \fB=\fP may be used in place of
+\fB==\fP for strict POSIX compliance.
+.TP
+\fIstring1\fP \fB!=\fP \fIstring2\fP
+True if the strings are not equal.
+.TP
+\fIstring1\fP \fB<\fP \fIstring2\fP
+True if \fIstring1\fP sorts before \fIstring2\fP lexicographically
+in the current locale.
+.TP
+\fIstring1\fP \fB>\fP \fIstring2\fP
+True if \fIstring1\fP sorts after \fIstring2\fP lexicographically
+in the current locale.
+.TP
+.I \fIarg1\fP \fBOP\fP \fIarg2\fP
+.SM
+.B OP
+is one of
+.BR \-eq ,
+.BR \-ne ,
+.BR \-lt ,
+.BR \-le ,
+.BR \-gt ,
+or
+.BR \-ge .
+These arithmetic binary operators return true if \fIarg1\fP
+is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to,
+greater than, or greater than or equal to \fIarg2\fP, respectively.
+.I Arg1
+and
+.I arg2
+may be positive or negative integers.
+.PD
+.SH "SIMPLE COMMAND EXPANSION"
+When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
+expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
+.IP 1.
+The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those
+preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later
+processing.
+.IP 2.
+The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are
+the arguments.
+.IP 3.
+Redirections are performed as described above under
+.SM
+.BR REDIRECTION .
+.IP 4.
+The text after the \fB=\fP in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
+expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+and quote removal before being assigned to the variable.
+.PP
+If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
+shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment
+of the executed command and do not affect the current shell environment.
+If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable,
+an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status.
+.PP
+If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
+affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+command to exit with a non-zero status.
+.PP
+If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expansions
+contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is
+the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there
+were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
+.SH "COMMAND EXECUTION"
+After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
+simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following
+actions are taken.
+.PP
+If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
+locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
+function is invoked as described above in
+.SM
+.BR FUNCTIONS .
+If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for
+it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that
+builtin is invoked.
+.PP
+If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin,
+and contains no slashes,
+.B bash
+searches each element of the
+.SM
+.B PATH
+for a directory containing an executable file by that name.
+.B Bash
+uses a hash table to remember the full pathnames of executable
+files (see
+.B hash
+under
+.SM
+.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
+below).
+A full search of the directories in
+.SM
+.B PATH
+is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
+If the search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an error
+message and returns an exit status of 127.
+.PP
+If the search is successful, or if the command name contains
+one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a
+separate execution environment.
+Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining arguments
+to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
+.PP
+If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
+format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be
+a \fIshell script\fP, a file
+containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute
+it. This subshell reinitializes itself, so
+that the effect is as if a new shell had been invoked
+to handle the script, with the exception that the locations of
+commands remembered by the parent (see
+.B hash
+below under
+.SM
+\fBSHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS\fP)
+are retained by the child.
+.PP
+If the program is a file beginning with
+.BR #! ,
+the remainder of the first line specifies an interpreter
+for the program. The shell executes the
+specified interpreter on operating systems that do not
+handle this executable format themselves. The arguments to the
+interpreter consist of a single optional argument following the
+interpreter name on the first line of the program, followed
+by the name of the program, followed by the command
+arguments, if any.
+.SH COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT
+The shell has an \fIexecution environment\fP, which consists of the
+following:
+.sp 1
+.IP \(bu
+open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+redirections supplied to the \fBexec\fP builtin
+.IP \(bu
+the current working directory as set by \fBcd\fP, \fBpushd\fP, or
+\fBpopd\fP, or inherited by the shell at invocation
+.IP \(bu
+the file creation mode mask as set by \fBumask\fP or inherited from
+the shell's parent
+.IP \(bu
+current traps set by \fBtrap\fP
+.IP \(bu
+shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with \fBset\fP
+or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
+.IP \(bu
+shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's
+parent in the environment
+.IP \(bu
+options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line
+arguments) or by \fBset\fP
+.IP \(bu
+options enabled by \fBshopt\fP
+.IP \(bu
+shell aliases defined with \fBalias\fP
+.IP \(bu
+various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the value
+of \fB$$\fP, and the value of \fB$PPID\fP
+.PP
+When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function
+is to be executed, it
+is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of
+the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited
+from the shell.
+.sp 1
+.IP \(bu
+the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified
+by redirections to the command
+.IP \(bu
+the current working directory
+.IP \(bu
+the file creation mode mask
+.IP \(bu
+shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables
+exported for the command, passed in the environment
+.IP \(bu
+traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the
+shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
+.PP
+A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+shell's execution environment.
+.PP
+Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses,
+and asynchronous commands are invoked in a
+subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment,
+except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values
+that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation. Builtin
+commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed in a
+subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment
+cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
+.PP
+If a command is followed by a \fB&\fP and job control is not active, the
+default standard input for the command is the empty file \fI/dev/null\fP.
+Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
+shell as modified by redirections.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT
+When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
+called the
+.IR environment .
+This is a list of
+\fIname\fP\-\fIvalue\fP pairs, of the form
+.IR "name\fR=\fPvalue" .
+.PP
+The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment.
+On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and
+creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking
+it for
+.I export
+to child processes. Executed commands inherit the environment.
+The
+.B export
+and
+.B declare \-x
+commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter
+in the environment is modified, the new value becomes part
+of the environment, replacing the old. The environment
+inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's
+initial environment, whose values may be modified in the shell,
+less any pairs removed by the
+.B unset
+command, plus any additions via the
+.B export
+and
+.B declare \-x
+commands.
+.PP
+The environment for any
+.I simple command
+or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with
+parameter assignments, as described above in
+.SM
+.BR PARAMETERS .
+These assignment statements affect only the environment seen
+by that command.
+.PP
+If the
+.B \-k
+option is set (see the
+.B set
+builtin command below), then
+.I all
+parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command,
+not just those that precede the command name.
+.PP
+When
+.B bash
+invokes an external command, the variable
+.B _
+is set to the full file name of the command and passed to that
+command in its environment.
+.SH "EXIT STATUS"
+For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a
+zero exit status has succeeded. An exit status of zero
+indicates success. A non-zero exit status indicates failure.
+When a command terminates on a fatal signal \fIN\fP, \fBbash\fP uses
+the value of 128+\fIN\fP as the exit status.
+.PP
+If a command is not found, the child process created to
+execute it returns a status of 127. If a command is found
+but is not executable, the return status is 126.
+.PP
+If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
+the exit status is greater than zero.
+.PP
+Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (\fItrue\fP) if
+successful, and non-zero (\fIfalse\fP) if an error occurs
+while they execute.
+All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.
+.PP
+\fBBash\fP itself returns the exit status of the last command
+executed, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits
+with a non-zero value. See also the \fBexit\fP builtin
+command below.
+.SH SIGNALS
+When \fBbash\fP is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+.SM
+.B SIGTERM
+(so that \fBkill 0\fP does not kill an interactive shell),
+and
+.SM
+.B SIGINT
+is caught and handled (so that the \fBwait\fP builtin is interruptible).
+In all cases, \fBbash\fP ignores
+.SM
+.BR SIGQUIT .
+If job control is in effect,
+.B bash
+ignores
+.SM
+.BR SIGTTIN ,
+.SM
+.BR SIGTTOU ,
+and
+.SM
+.BR SIGTSTP .
+.PP
+Non-builtin commands run by \fBbash\fP have signal handlers
+set to the values inherited by the shell from its parent.
+When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands
+ignore
+.SM
+.B SIGINT
+and
+.SM
+.B SIGQUIT
+in addition to these inherited handlers.
+Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the
+keyboard-generated job control signals
+.SM
+.BR SIGTTIN ,
+.SM
+.BR SIGTTOU ,
+and
+.SM
+.BR SIGTSTP .
+.PP
+The shell exits by default upon receipt of a
+.SM
+.BR SIGHUP .
+Before exiting, an interactive shell resends the
+.SM
+.B SIGHUP
+to all jobs, running or stopped.
+Stopped jobs are sent
+.SM
+.B SIGCONT
+to ensure that they receive the
+.SM
+.BR SIGHUP .
+To prevent the shell from
+sending the signal to a particular job, it should be removed from the
+jobs table with the
+.B disown
+builtin (see
+.SM
+.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
+below) or marked
+to not receive
+.SM
+.B SIGHUP
+using
+.BR "disown \-h" .
+.PP
+If the
+.B huponexit
+shell option has been set with
+.BR shopt ,
+.B bash
+sends a
+.SM
+.B SIGHUP
+to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
+.PP
+If \Bbash\fP is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal
+for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until
+the command completes.
+When \fBbash\fP is waiting for an asynchronous command via the \fBwait\fP
+builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will
+cause the \fBwait\fP builtin to return immediately with an exit status
+greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
+.SH "JOB CONTROL"
+.I Job control
+refers to the ability to selectively stop (\fIsuspend\fP)
+the execution of processes and continue (\fIresume\fP)
+their execution at a later point. A user typically employs
+this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly
+by the system's terminal driver and
+.BR bash .
+.PP
+The shell associates a
+.I job
+with each pipeline. It keeps a table of currently executing
+jobs, which may be listed with the
+.B jobs
+command. When
+.B bash
+starts a job asynchronously (in the
+.IR background ),
+it prints a line that looks like:
+.RS
+.PP
+[1] 25647
+.RE
+.PP
+indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID
+of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647.
+All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job.
+.B Bash
+uses the
+.I job
+abstraction as the basis for job control.
+.PP
+To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job
+control, the operating system maintains the notion of a \fIcurrent terminal
+process group ID\fP. Members of this process group (processes whose
+process group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID)
+receive keyboard-generated signals such as
+.SM
+.BR SIGINT .
+These processes are said to be in the
+.IR foreground .
+.I Background
+processes are those whose process group ID differs from the terminal's;
+such processes are immune to keyboard-generated signals.
+Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or write to the
+terminal. Background processes which attempt to read from (write to) the
+terminal are sent a
+.SM
+.B SIGTTIN (SIGTTOU)
+signal by the terminal driver,
+which, unless caught, suspends the process.
+.PP
+If the operating system on which
+.B bash
+is running supports
+job control,
+.B bash
+contains facilities to use it.
+Typing the
+.I suspend
+character (typically
+.BR ^Z ,
+Control-Z) while a process is running
+causes that process to be stopped and returns control to
+.BR bash .
+Typing the
+.I "delayed suspend"
+character (typically
+.BR ^Y ,
+Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped when it
+attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to
+be returned to
+.BR bash .
+The user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the
+.B bg
+command to continue it in the background, the
+.B fg
+command to continue it in the foreground, or
+the
+.B kill
+command to kill it. A \fB^Z\fP takes effect immediately,
+and has the additional side effect of causing pending output
+and typeahead to be discarded.
+.PP
+There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell.
+The character
+.B %
+introduces a job name. Job number
+.I n
+may be referred to as
+.BR %n .
+A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to
+start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.
+For example,
+.B %ce
+refers to a stopped
+.B ce
+job. If a prefix matches more than one job,
+.B bash
+reports an error. Using
+.BR %?ce ,
+on the other hand, refers to any job containing the string
+.B ce
+in its command line. If the substring matches more than one job,
+.B bash
+reports an error. The symbols
+.B %%
+and
+.B %+
+refer to the shell's notion of the
+.IR "current job" ,
+which is the last job stopped while it was in
+the foreground or started in the background.
+The
+.I "previous job"
+may be referenced using
+.BR %\- .
+In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
+.B jobs
+command), the current job is always flagged with a
+.BR + ,
+and the previous job with a
+.BR \- .
+.PP
+Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the
+foreground:
+.B %1
+is a synonym for
+\fB``fg %1''\fP,
+bringing job 1 from the background into the foreground.
+Similarly,
+.B ``%1 &''
+resumes job 1 in the background, equivalent to
+\fB``bg %1''\fP.
+.PP
+The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state.
+Normally,
+.B bash
+waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting
+changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
+any other output. If the
+.B \-b
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin command
+is enabled,
+.B bash
+reports such changes immediately.
+Any trap on
+.SM
+.B SIGCHLD
+is executed for each child that exits.
+.PP
+If an attempt to exit
+.B bash
+is made while jobs are stopped, the shell prints a warning message. The
+.B jobs
+command may then be used to inspect their status.
+If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
+the shell does not print another warning, and the stopped
+jobs are terminated.
+.SH PROMPTING
+When executing interactively,
+.B bash
+displays the primary prompt
+.SM
+.B PS1
+when it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt
+.SM
+.B PS2
+when it needs more input to complete a command.
+.B Bash
+allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a number of
+backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \ea
+an ASCII bell character (07)
+.TP
+.B \ed
+the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26")
+.TP
+.B \eD{\fIformat\fP}
+the \fIformat\fP is passed to \fIstrftime\fP(3) and the result is inserted
+into the prompt string; an empty \fIformat\fP results in a locale-specific
+time representation. The braces are required
+.TP
+.B \ee
+an ASCII escape character (033)
+.TP
+.B \eh
+the hostname up to the first `.'
+.TP
+.B \eH
+the hostname
+.TP
+.B \ej
+the number of jobs currently managed by the shell
+.TP
+.B \el
+the basename of the shell's terminal device name
+.TP
+.B \en
+newline
+.TP
+.B \er
+carriage return
+.TP
+.B \es
+the name of the shell, the basename of
+.B $0
+(the portion following the final slash)
+.TP
+.B \et
+the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
+.TP
+.B \eT
+the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
+.TP
+.B \e@
+the current time in 12-hour am/pm format
+.TP
+.B \eA
+the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format
+.TP
+.B \eu
+the username of the current user
+.TP
+.B \ev
+the version of \fBbash\fP (e.g., 2.00)
+.TP
+.B \eV
+the release of \fBbash\fP, version + patchelvel (e.g., 2.00.0)
+.TP
+.B \ew
+the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP abbreviated with a tilde
+.TP
+.B \eW
+the basename of the current working directory, with \fB$HOME\fP
+abbreviated with a tilde
+.TP
+.B \e!
+the history number of this command
+.TP
+.B \e#
+the command number of this command
+.TP
+.B \e$
+if the effective UID is 0, a
+.BR # ,
+otherwise a
+.B $
+.TP
+.B \e\fInnn\fP
+the character corresponding to the octal number \fInnn\fP
+.TP
+.B \e\e
+a backslash
+.TP
+.B \e[
+begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used to
+embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt
+.TP
+.B \e]
+end a sequence of non-printing characters
+.PD
+.RE
+.PP
+The command number and the history number are usually different:
+the history number of a command is its position in the history
+list, which may include commands restored from the history file
+(see
+.SM
+.B HISTORY
+below), while the command number is the position in the sequence
+of commands executed during the current shell session.
+After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
+parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
+.B promptvars
+shell option (see the description of the
+.B shopt
+command under
+.SM
+.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
+below).
+.SH READLINE
+This is the library that handles reading input when using an interactive
+shell, unless the
+.B \-\-noediting
+option is given at shell invocation.
+By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.
+A vi-style line editing interface is also available.
+To turn off line editing after the shell is running, use the
+.B +o emacs
+or
+.B +o vi
+options to the
+.B set
+builtin (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below).
+.SS "Readline Notation"
+.PP
+In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote
+keystrokes. Control keys are denoted by C\-\fIkey\fR, e.g., C\-n
+means Control\-N. Similarly,
+.I meta
+keys are denoted by M\-\fIkey\fR, so M\-x means Meta\-X. (On keyboards
+without a
+.I meta
+key, M\-\fIx\fP means ESC \fIx\fP, i.e., press the Escape key
+then the
+.I x
+key. This makes ESC the \fImeta prefix\fP.
+The combination M\-C\-\fIx\fP means ESC\-Control\-\fIx\fP,
+or press the Escape key
+then hold the Control key while pressing the
+.I x
+key.)
+.PP
+Readline commands may be given numeric
+.IR arguments ,
+which normally act as a repeat count.
+Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument that is significant.
+Passing a negative argument to a command that acts in the forward
+direction (e.g., \fBkill\-line\fP) causes that command to act in a
+backward direction.
+Commands whose behavior with arguments deviates from this are noted
+below.
+.PP
+When a command is described as \fIkilling\fP text, the text
+deleted is saved for possible future retrieval
+(\fIyanking\fP). The killed text is saved in a
+\fIkill ring\fP. Consecutive kills cause the text to be
+accumulated into one unit, which can be yanked all at once.
+Commands which do not kill text separate the chunks of text
+on the kill ring.
+.SS "Readline Initialization"
+.PP
+Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization
+file (the \fIinputrc\fP file).
+The name of this file is taken from the value of the
+.SM
+.B INPUTRC
+variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
+.IR ~/.inputrc .
+When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the
+initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables
+are set.
+There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
+readline initialization file.
+Blank lines are ignored.
+Lines beginning with a \fB#\fP are comments.
+Lines beginning with a \fB$\fP indicate conditional constructs.
+Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings.
+.PP
+The default key-bindings may be changed with an
+.I inputrc
+file.
+Other programs that use this library may add their own commands
+and bindings.
+.PP
+For example, placing
+.RS
+.PP
+M\-Control\-u: universal\-argument
+.RE
+or
+.RS
+C\-Meta\-u: universal\-argument
+.RE
+into the
+.I inputrc
+would make M\-C\-u execute the readline command
+.IR universal\-argument .
+.PP
+The following symbolic character names are recognized:
+.IR RUBOUT ,
+.IR DEL ,
+.IR ESC ,
+.IR LFD ,
+.IR NEWLINE ,
+.IR RET ,
+.IR RETURN ,
+.IR SPC ,
+.IR SPACE ,
+and
+.IR TAB .
+.PP
+In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound
+to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a \fImacro\fP).
+.SS "Readline Key Bindings"
+.PP
+The syntax for controlling key bindings in the
+.I inputrc
+file is simple. All that is required is the name of the
+command or the text of a macro and a key sequence to which
+it should be bound. The name may be specified in one of two ways:
+as a symbolic key name, possibly with \fIMeta\-\fP or \fIControl\-\fP
+prefixes, or as a key sequence.
+.PP
+When using the form \fBkeyname\fP:\^\fIfunction\-name\fP or \fImacro\fP,
+.I keyname
+is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example:
+.sp
+.RS
+Control-u: universal\-argument
+.br
+Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
+.br
+Control-o: "> output"
+.RE
+.LP
+In the above example,
+.I C\-u
+is bound to the function
+.BR universal\-argument ,
+.I M\-DEL
+is bound to the function
+.BR backward\-kill\-word ,
+and
+.I C\-o
+is bound to run the macro
+expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text
+.if t \f(CW> output\fP
+.if n ``> output''
+into the line).
+.PP
+In the second form, \fB"keyseq"\fP:\^\fIfunction\-name\fP or \fImacro\fP,
+.B keyseq
+differs from
+.B keyname
+above in that strings denoting
+an entire key sequence may be specified by placing the sequence
+within double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key escapes can be
+used, as in the following example, but the symbolic character names
+are not recognized.
+.sp
+.RS
+"\eC\-u": universal\-argument
+.br
+"\eC\-x\eC\-r": re\-read\-init\-file
+.br
+"\ee[11~": "Function Key 1"
+.RE
+.PP
+In this example,
+.I C\-u
+is again bound to the function
+.BR universal\-argument .
+.I "C\-x C\-r"
+is bound to the function
+.BR re\-read\-init\-file ,
+and
+.I "ESC [ 1 1 ~"
+is bound to insert the text
+.if t \f(CWFunction Key 1\fP.
+.if n ``Function Key 1''.
+.PP
+The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \eC\-
+control prefix
+.TP
+.B \eM\-
+meta prefix
+.TP
+.B \ee
+an escape character
+.TP
+.B \e\e
+backslash
+.TP
+.B \e"
+literal "
+.TP
+.B \e'
+literal '
+.RE
+.PD
+.PP
+In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second
+set of backslash escapes is available:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \ea
+alert (bell)
+.TP
+.B \eb
+backspace
+.TP
+.B \ed
+delete
+.TP
+.B \ef
+form feed
+.TP
+.B \en
+newline
+.TP
+.B \er
+carriage return
+.TP
+.B \et
+horizontal tab
+.TP
+.B \ev
+vertical tab
+.TP
+.B \e\fInnn\fP
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
+(one to three digits)
+.TP
+.B \ex\fIHH\fP
+the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP
+(one or two hex digits)
+.RE
+.PD
+.PP
+When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must
+be used to indicate a macro definition.
+Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
+In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded.
+Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
+including " and '.
+.PP
+.B Bash
+allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modified
+with the
+.B bind
+builtin command. The editing mode may be switched during interactive
+use by using the
+.B \-o
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin command (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below).
+.SS "Readline Variables"
+.PP
+Readline has variables that can be used to further customize its
+behavior. A variable may be set in the
+.I inputrc
+file with a statement of the form
+.RS
+.PP
+\fBset\fP \fIvariable\-name\fP \fIvalue\fP
+.RE
+.PP
+Except where noted, readline variables can take the values
+.B On
+or
+.BR Off .
+The variables and their default values are:
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B bell\-style (audible)
+Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
+If set to \fBnone\fP, readline never rings the bell. If set to
+\fBvisible\fP, readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
+If set to \fBaudible\fP, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
+.TP
+.B comment\-begin (``#'')
+The string that is inserted when the readline
+.B insert\-comment
+command is executed.
+This command is bound to
+.B M\-#
+in emacs mode and to
+.B #
+in vi command mode.
+.TP
+.B completion\-ignore\-case (Off)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, readline performs filename matching and completion
+in a case\-insensitive fashion.
+.TP
+.B completion\-query\-items (100)
+This determines when the user is queried about viewing
+the number of possible completions
+generated by the \fBpossible\-completions\fP command.
+It may be set to any integer value greater than or equal to
+zero. If the number of possible completions is greater than
+or equal to the value of this variable, the user is asked whether
+or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are simply listed
+on the terminal.
+.TP
+.B convert\-meta (On)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will convert characters with the
+eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence
+by stripping the eighth bit and prefixing an
+escape character (in effect, using escape as the \fImeta prefix\fP).
+.TP
+.B disable\-completion (Off)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
+characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+mapped to \fBself-insert\fP.
+.TP
+.B editing\-mode (emacs)
+Controls whether readline begins with a set of key bindings similar
+to \fIemacs\fP or \fIvi\fP.
+.B editing\-mode
+can be set to either
+.B emacs
+or
+.BR vi .
+.TP
+.B enable\-keypad (Off)
+When set to \fBOn\fP, readline will try to enable the application
+keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
+arrow keys.
+.TP
+.B expand\-tilde (Off)
+If set to \fBon\fP, tilde expansion is performed when readline
+attempts word completion.
+.TP
+.B history-preserve-point
+If set to \fBon\fP, the history code attempts to place point at the
+same location on each history line retrived with \fBprevious-history\fP
+or \fBnext-history\fP.
+.TP
+.B horizontal\-scroll\-mode (Off)
+When set to \fBOn\fP, makes readline use a single line for display,
+scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
+becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a new line.
+.TP
+.B input\-meta (Off)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is,
+it will not strip the high bit from the characters it reads),
+regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
+.B meta\-flag
+is a synonym for this variable.
+.TP
+.B isearch\-terminators (``C\-[C\-J'')
+The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+search without subsequently executing the character as a command.
+If this variable has not been given a value, the characters
+\fIESC\fP and \fIC\-J\fP will terminate an incremental search.
+.TP
+.B keymap (emacs)
+Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names is
+\fIemacs, emacs\-standard, emacs\-meta, emacs\-ctlx, vi,
+vi\-command\fP, and
+.IR vi\-insert .
+\fIvi\fP is equivalent to \fIvi\-command\fP; \fIemacs\fP is
+equivalent to \fIemacs\-standard\fP. The default value is
+.IR emacs ;
+the value of
+.B editing\-mode
+also affects the default keymap.
+.TP
+.B mark\-directories (On)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, completed directory names have a slash
+appended.
+.TP
+.B mark\-modified\-lines (Off)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, history lines that have been modified are displayed
+with a preceding asterisk (\fB*\fP).
+.TP
+.B mark\-symlinked\-directories (Off)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, completed names which are symbolic links to directories
+have a slash appended (subject to the value of
+\fBmark\-directories\fP).
+.TP
+.B match\-hidden\-files (On)
+This variable, when set to \fBOn\fP, causes readline to match files whose
+names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing filename
+completion, unless the leading `.' is
+supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
+.TP
+.B output\-meta (Off)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display characters with the
+eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
+sequence.
+.TP
+.B page\-completions (On)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, readline uses an internal \fImore\fP-like pager
+to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
+.TP
+.B print\-completions\-horizontally (Off)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, readline will display completions with matches
+sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
+.TP
+.B show\-all\-if\-ambiguous (Off)
+This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If
+set to
+.BR on ,
+words which have more than one possible completion cause the
+matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
+.TP
+.B show\-all\-if\-unmodified (Off)
+This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+a fashion similar to \fBshow\-all\-if\-ambiguous\fP.
+If set to
+.BR on ,
+words which have more than one possible completion without any
+possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share
+a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead
+of ringing the bell.
+.TP
+.B visible\-stats (Off)
+If set to \fBOn\fP, a character denoting a file's type as reported
+by \fIstat\fP(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible
+completions.
+.PD
+.SS "Readline Conditional Constructs"
+.PP
+Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
+bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
+of tests. There are four parser directives used.
+.IP \fB$if\fP
+The
+.B $if
+construct allows bindings to be made based on the
+editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
+no characters are required to isolate it.
+.RS
+.IP \fBmode\fP
+The \fBmode=\fP form of the \fB$if\fP directive is used to test
+whether readline is in emacs or vi mode.
+This may be used in conjunction
+with the \fBset keymap\fP command, for instance, to set bindings in
+the \fIemacs\-standard\fP and \fIemacs\-ctlx\fP keymaps only if
+readline is starting out in emacs mode.
+.IP \fBterm\fP
+The \fBterm=\fP form may be used to include terminal-specific
+key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the
+terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the
+.B =
+is tested against the both full name of the terminal and the portion
+of the terminal name before the first \fB\-\fP. This allows
+.I sun
+to match both
+.I sun
+and
+.IR sun\-cmd ,
+for instance.
+.IP \fBapplication\fP
+The \fBapplication\fP construct is used to include
+application-specific settings. Each program using the readline
+library sets the \fIapplication name\fP, and an initialization
+file can test for a particular value.
+This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for
+a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a
+key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash:
+.sp 1
+.RS
+.nf
+\fB$if\fP Bash
+# Quote the current or previous word
+"\eC\-xq": "\eeb\e"\eef\e""
+\fB$endif\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.RE
+.IP \fB$endif\fP
+This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an
+\fB$if\fP command.
+.IP \fB$else\fP
+Commands in this branch of the \fB$if\fP directive are executed if
+the test fails.
+.IP \fB$include\fP
+This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands
+and bindings from that file. For example, the following directive
+would read \fI/etc/inputrc\fP:
+.sp 1
+.RS
+.nf
+\fB$include\fP \^ \fI/etc/inputrc\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.SS Searching
+.PP
+Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+(see
+.SM
+.B HISTORY
+below) for lines containing a specified string.
+There are two search modes:
+.I incremental
+and
+.IR non-incremental .
+.PP
+Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+search string.
+As each character of the search string is typed, readline displays
+the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
+An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
+find the desired history entry.
+The characters present in the value of the \fBisearch-terminators\fP
+variable are used to terminate an incremental search.
+If that variable has not been assigned a value the Escape and
+Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
+Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
+line.
+When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+search string becomes the current line.
+.PP
+To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
+Control-R as appropriate.
+This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
+entry matching the search string typed so far.
+Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate
+the search and execute that command.
+For instance, a \fInewline\fP will terminate the search and accept
+the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
+.PP
+Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two
+Control-Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a
+new search string, any remembered search string is used.
+.PP
+Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+to search for matching history lines. The search string may be
+typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
+.SS "Readline Command Names"
+.PP
+The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+key sequences to which they are bound.
+Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
+In the following descriptions, \fIpoint\fP refers to the current cursor
+position, and \fImark\fP refers to a cursor position saved by the
+\fBset\-mark\fP command.
+The text between the point and mark is referred to as the \fIregion\fP.
+.SS Commands for Moving
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B beginning\-of\-line (C\-a)
+Move to the start of the current line.
+.TP
+.B end\-of\-line (C\-e)
+Move to the end of the line.
+.TP
+.B forward\-char (C\-f)
+Move forward a character.
+.TP
+.B backward\-char (C\-b)
+Move back a character.
+.TP
+.B forward\-word (M\-f)
+Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
+alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
+.TP
+.B backward\-word (M\-b)
+Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are
+composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
+.TP
+.B clear\-screen (C\-l)
+Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
+With an argument, refresh the current line without clearing the
+screen.
+.TP
+.B redraw\-current\-line
+Refresh the current line.
+.PD
+.SS Commands for Manipulating the History
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B accept\-line (Newline, Return)
+Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is
+non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state of the
+.SM
+.B HISTCONTROL
+variable. If the line is a modified history
+line, then restore the history line to its original state.
+.TP
+.B previous\-history (C\-p)
+Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
+the list.
+.TP
+.B next\-history (C\-n)
+Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in the
+list.
+.TP
+.B beginning\-of\-history (M\-<)
+Move to the first line in the history.
+.TP
+.B end\-of\-history (M\->)
+Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently being
+entered.
+.TP
+.B reverse\-search\-history (C\-r)
+Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
+the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
+.TP
+.B forward\-search\-history (C\-s)
+Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
+the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
+.TP
+.B non\-incremental\-reverse\-search\-history (M\-p)
+Search backward through the history starting at the current line
+using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the user.
+.TP
+.B non\-incremental\-forward\-search\-history (M\-n)
+Search forward through the history using a non-incremental search for
+a string supplied by the user.
+.TP
+.B history\-search\-forward
+Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+between the start of the current line and the point.
+This is a non-incremental search.
+.TP
+.B history\-search\-backward
+Search backward through the history for the string of characters
+between the start of the current line and the point.
+This is a non-incremental search.
+.TP
+.B yank\-nth\-arg (M\-C\-y)
+Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
+the second word on the previous line) at point.
+With an argument
+.IR n ,
+insert the \fIn\fPth word from the previous command (the words
+in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
+inserts the \fIn\fPth word from the end of the previous command.
+.TP
+.B
+yank\-last\-arg (M\-.\^, M\-_\^)
+Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word of
+the previous history entry). With an argument,
+behave exactly like \fByank\-nth\-arg\fP.
+Successive calls to \fByank\-last\-arg\fP move back through the history
+list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn.
+.TP
+.B shell\-expand\-line (M\-C\-e)
+Expand the line as the shell does. This
+performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
+word expansions. See
+.SM
+.B HISTORY EXPANSION
+below for a description of history expansion.
+.TP
+.B history\-expand\-line (M\-^)
+Perform history expansion on the current line.
+See
+.SM
+.B HISTORY EXPANSION
+below for a description of history expansion.
+.TP
+.B magic\-space
+Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space.
+See
+.SM
+.B HISTORY EXPANSION
+below for a description of history expansion.
+.TP
+.B alias\-expand\-line
+Perform alias expansion on the current line.
+See
+.SM
+.B ALIASES
+above for a description of alias expansion.
+.TP
+.B history\-and\-alias\-expand\-line
+Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
+.TP
+.B insert\-last\-argument (M\-.\^, M\-_\^)
+A synonym for \fByank\-last\-arg\fP.
+.TP
+.B operate\-and\-get\-next (C\-o)
+Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
+argument is ignored.
+.TP
+.B edit\-and\-execute\-command (C\-xC\-e)
+Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell
+commands.
+\fBBash\fP attempts to invoke
+.SM
+.BR $FCEDIT ,
+.SM
+.BR $EDITOR ,
+and \fIemacs\fP as the editor, in that order.
+.PD
+.SS Commands for Changing Text
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B delete\-char (C\-d)
+Delete the character at point. If point is at the
+beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and
+the last character typed was not bound to \fBdelete\-char\fP,
+then return
+.SM
+.BR EOF .
+.TP
+.B backward\-delete\-char (Rubout)
+Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric argument,
+save the deleted text on the kill ring.
+.TP
+.B forward\-backward\-delete\-char
+Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the
+end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is
+deleted.
+.TP
+.B quoted\-insert (C\-q, C\-v)
+Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is
+how to insert characters like \fBC\-q\fP, for example.
+.TP
+.B tab\-insert (C\-v TAB)
+Insert a tab character.
+.TP
+.B self\-insert (a,\ b,\ A,\ 1,\ !,\ ...)
+Insert the character typed.
+.TP
+.B transpose\-chars (C\-t)
+Drag the character before point forward over the character at point,
+moving point forward as well.
+If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes
+the two characters before point.
+Negative arguments have no effect.
+.TP
+.B transpose\-words (M\-t)
+Drag the word before point past the word after point,
+moving point over that word as well.
+If point is at the end of the line, this transposes
+the last two words on the line.
+.TP
+.B upcase\-word (M\-u)
+Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
+uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
+.TP
+.B downcase\-word (M\-l)
+Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
+lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
+.TP
+.B capitalize\-word (M\-c)
+Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
+capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
+.TP
+.B overwrite\-mode
+Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument,
+switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric
+argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only
+\fBemacs\fP mode; \fBvi\fP mode does overwrite differently.
+Each call to \fIreadline()\fP starts in insert mode.
+In overwrite mode, characters bound to \fBself\-insert\fP replace
+the text at point rather than pushing the text to the right.
+Characters bound to \fBbackward\-delete\-char\fP replace the character
+before point with a space. By default, this command is unbound.
+.PD
+.SS Killing and Yanking
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B kill\-line (C\-k)
+Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
+.TP
+.B backward\-kill\-line (C\-x Rubout)
+Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
+.TP
+.B unix\-line\-discard (C\-u)
+Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line.
+The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
+.\" There is no real difference between this and backward-kill-line
+.TP
+.B kill\-whole\-line
+Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
+.TP
+.B kill\-word (M\-d)
+Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+words, to the end of the next word.
+Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBforward\-word\fP.
+.TP
+.B backward\-kill\-word (M\-Rubout)
+Kill the word behind point.
+Word boundaries are the same as those used by \fBbackward\-word\fP.
+.TP
+.B unix\-word\-rubout (C\-w)
+Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.
+The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
+.TP
+.B delete\-horizontal\-space (M\-\e)
+Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
+.TP
+.B kill\-region
+Kill the text in the current region.
+.TP
+.B copy\-region\-as\-kill
+Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
+.TP
+.B copy\-backward\-word
+Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
+The word boundaries are the same as \fBbackward\-word\fP.
+.TP
+.B copy\-forward\-word
+Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
+The word boundaries are the same as \fBforward\-word\fP.
+.TP
+.B yank (C\-y)
+Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
+.TP
+.B yank\-pop (M\-y)
+Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works following
+.B yank
+or
+.BR yank\-pop .
+.PD
+.SS Numeric Arguments
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B digit\-argument (M\-0, M\-1, ..., M\-\-)
+Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
+argument. M\-\- starts a negative argument.
+.TP
+.B universal\-argument
+This is another way to specify an argument.
+If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
+leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
+If the command is followed by digits, executing
+.B universal\-argument
+again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored.
+As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a
+character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count
+for the next command is multiplied by four.
+The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the
+first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the
+argument count sixteen, and so on.
+.PD
+.SS Completing
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B complete (TAB)
+Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.
+.B Bash
+attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the
+text begins with \fB$\fP), username (if the text begins with
+\fB~\fP), hostname (if the text begins with \fB@\fP), or
+command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none
+of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
+.TP
+.B possible\-completions (M\-?)
+List the possible completions of the text before point.
+.TP
+.B insert\-completions (M\-*)
+Insert all completions of the text before point
+that would have been generated by
+\fBpossible\-completions\fP.
+.TP
+.B menu\-complete
+Similar to \fBcomplete\fP, but replaces the word to be completed
+with a single match from the list of possible completions.
+Repeated execution of \fBmenu\-complete\fP steps through the list
+of possible completions, inserting each match in turn.
+At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung
+(subject to the setting of \fBbell\-style\fP)
+and the original text is restored.
+An argument of \fIn\fP moves \fIn\fP positions forward in the list
+of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward
+through the list.
+This command is intended to be bound to \fBTAB\fP, but is unbound
+by default.
+.TP
+.B delete\-char\-or\-list
+Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or
+end of the line (like \fBdelete\-char\fP).
+If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
+\fBpossible\-completions\fP.
+This command is unbound by default.
+.TP
+.B complete\-filename (M\-/)
+Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
+.TP
+.B possible\-filename\-completions (C\-x /)
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a filename.
+.TP
+.B complete\-username (M\-~)
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a username.
+.TP
+.B possible\-username\-completions (C\-x ~)
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a username.
+.TP
+.B complete\-variable (M\-$)
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a shell variable.
+.TP
+.B possible\-variable\-completions (C\-x $)
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a shell variable.
+.TP
+.B complete\-hostname (M\-@)
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a hostname.
+.TP
+.B possible\-hostname\-completions (C\-x @)
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a hostname.
+.TP
+.B complete\-command (M\-!)
+Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
+it as a command name. Command completion attempts to
+match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell
+functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames,
+in that order.
+.TP
+.B possible\-command\-completions (C\-x !)
+List the possible completions of the text before point,
+treating it as a command name.
+.TP
+.B dynamic\-complete\-history (M\-TAB)
+Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing
+the text against lines from the history list for possible
+completion matches.
+.TP
+.B complete\-into\-braces (M\-{)
+Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions
+enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell (see
+.B Brace Expansion
+above).
+.PD
+.SS Keyboard Macros
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B start\-kbd\-macro (C\-x (\^)
+Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
+.TP
+.B end\-kbd\-macro (C\-x )\^)
+Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
+and store the definition.
+.TP
+.B call\-last\-kbd\-macro (C\-x e)
+Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
+in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
+.PD
+.SS Miscellaneous
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B re\-read\-init\-file (C\-x C\-r)
+Read in the contents of the \fIinputrc\fP file, and incorporate
+any bindings or variable assignments found there.
+.TP
+.B abort (C\-g)
+Abort the current editing command and
+ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
+.BR bell\-style ).
+.TP
+.B do\-uppercase\-version (M\-a, M\-b, M\-\fIx\fP, ...)
+If the metafied character \fIx\fP is lowercase, run the command
+that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
+.TP
+.B prefix\-meta (ESC)
+Metafy the next character typed.
+.SM
+.B ESC
+.B f
+is equivalent to
+.BR Meta\-f .
+.TP
+.B undo (C\-_, C\-x C\-u)
+Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
+.TP
+.B revert\-line (M\-r)
+Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+.B undo
+command enough times to return the line to its initial state.
+.TP
+.B tilde\-expand (M\-&)
+Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
+.TP
+.B set\-mark (C\-@, M\-<space>)
+Set the mark to the point. If a
+numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
+.TP
+.B exchange\-point\-and\-mark (C\-x C\-x)
+Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
+the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
+.TP
+.B character\-search (C\-])
+A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
+character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
+.TP
+.B character\-search\-backward (M\-C\-])
+A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence of that
+character. A negative count searches for subsequent occurrences.
+.TP
+.B insert\-comment (M\-#)
+Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline
+.B comment\-begin
+variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
+If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
+the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value
+of \fBcomment\-begin\fP, the value is inserted, otherwise
+the characters in \fBcomment-begin\fP are deleted from the beginning of
+the line.
+In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed.
+The default value of
+\fBcomment\-begin\fP causes this command to make the current line
+a shell comment.
+If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be removed, the line
+will be executed by the shell.
+.TP
+.B glob\-complete\-word (M\-g)
+The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
+with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to
+generate a list of matching file names for possible completions.
+.TP
+.B glob\-expand\-word (C\-x *)
+The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
+and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word.
+If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+pathname expansion.
+.TP
+.B glob\-list\-expansions (C\-x g)
+The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+.B glob\-expand\-word
+is displayed, and the line is redrawn.
+If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+pathname expansion.
+.TP
+.B dump\-functions
+Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
+readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
+.TP
+.B dump\-variables
+Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to the
+readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
+.TP
+.B dump\-macros
+Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+strings they ouput. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+of an \fIinputrc\fP file.
+.TP
+.B display\-shell\-version (C\-x C\-v)
+Display version information about the current instance of
+.BR bash .
+.PD
+.SS Programmable Completion
+.PP
+When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+which a completion specification (a \fIcompspec\fP) has been defined
+using the \fBcomplete\fP builtin (see
+.SM
+.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
+below), the programmable completion facilities are invoked.
+.PP
+First, the command name is identified.
+If a compspec has been defined for that command, the
+compspec is used to generate the list of possible completions for the word.
+If the command word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full
+pathname is searched for first.
+If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to
+find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+.PP
+Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+matching words.
+If a compspec is not found, the default \fBbash\fP completion as
+described above under \fBCompleting\fP is performed.
+.PP
+First, the actions specified by the compspec are used.
+Only matches which are prefixed by the word being completed are
+returned.
+When the
+.B \-f
+or
+.B \-d
+option is used for filename or directory name completion, the shell
+variable
+.SM
+.B FIGNORE
+is used to filter the matches.
+.PP
+Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the
+\fB\-G\fP option are generated next.
+The words generated by the pattern need not match the word
+being completed.
+The
+.SM
+.B GLOBIGNORE
+shell variable is not used to filter the matches, but the
+.SM
+.B FIGNORE
+variable is used.
+.PP
+Next, the string specified as the argument to the \fB\-W\fP option
+is considered.
+The string is first split using the characters in the
+.SM
+.B IFS
+special variable as delimiters.
+Shell quoting is honored.
+Each word is then expanded using
+brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and pathname expansion,
+as described above under
+.SM
+.BR EXPANSION .
+The results are split using the rules described above under
+\fBWord Splitting\fP.
+The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being
+completed, and the matching words become the possible completions.
+.PP
+After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+specified with the \fB\-F\fP and \fB\-C\fP options is invoked.
+When the command or function is invoked, the
+.SM
+.B COMP_LINE
+and
+.SM
+.B COMP_POINT
+variables are assigned values as described above under
+\fBShell Variables\fP.
+If a shell function is being invoked, the
+.SM
+.B COMP_WORDS
+and
+.SM
+.B COMP_CWORD
+variables are also set.
+When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the
+name of the command whose arguments are being completed, the
+second argument is the word being completed, and the third argument
+is the word preceding the word being completed on the current command line.
+No filtering of the generated completions against the word being completed
+is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating
+the matches.
+.PP
+Any function specified with \fB\-F\fP is invoked first.
+The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the
+\fBcompgen\fP builtin described below, to generate the matches.
+It must put the possible completions in the
+.SM
+.B COMPREPLY
+array variable.
+.PP
+Next, any command specified with the \fB\-C\fP option is invoked
+in an environment equivalent to command substitution.
+It should print a list of completions, one per line, to the
+standard output.
+Backslash may be used to escape a newline, if necessary.
+.PP
+After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter
+specified with the \fB\-X\fP option is applied to the list.
+The filter is a pattern as used for pathname expansion; a \fB&\fP
+in the pattern is replaced with the text of the word being completed.
+A literal \fB&\fP may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash
+is removed before attempting a match.
+Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+A leading \fB!\fP negates the pattern; in this case any completion
+not matching the pattern will be removed.
+.PP
+Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the \fB\-P\fP and \fB\-S\fP
+options are added to each member of the completion list, and the result is
+returned to the readline completion code as the list of possible
+completions.
+.PP
+If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+\fB\-o dirnames\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the
+compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted.
+.PP
+If the \fB\-o plusdirs\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the
+compspec was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any
+matches are added to the results of the other actions.
+.PP
+By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+to the completion code as the full set of possible completions.
+The default \fBbash\fP completions are not attempted, and the readline
+default of filename completion is disabled.
+If the \fB\-o bashdefault\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when
+the compspec was defined, the \fBbash\fP default completions are attempted
+if the compspec generates no matches.
+If the \fB\-o default\fP option was supplied to \fBcomplete\fP when the
+compspec was defined, readline's default completion will be performed
+if the compspec (and, if attempted, the default \fBbash\fP completions)
+generate no matches.
+.PP
+When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+the value of the \fBmark\-directories\fP readline variable, regardless
+of the setting of the \fBmark-symlinked\-directories\fP readline variable.
+.SH HISTORY
+When the
+.B \-o history
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin is enabled, the shell provides access to the
+\fIcommand history\fP,
+the list of commands previously typed.
+The value of the \fBHISTSIZE\fP variable is used as the
+number of commands to save in a history list.
+The text of the last
+.SM
+.B HISTSIZE
+commands (default 500) is saved. The shell
+stores each command in the history list prior to parameter and
+variable expansion (see
+.SM
+.B EXPANSION
+above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the
+values of the shell variables
+.SM
+.B HISTIGNORE
+and
+.SM
+.BR HISTCONTROL .
+.PP
+On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by
+the variable
+.SM
+.B HISTFILE
+(default \fI~/.bash_history\fP).
+The file named by the value of
+.SM
+.B HISTFILE
+is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than
+the number of lines specified by the value of
+.SM
+.BR HISTFILESIZE .
+When an interactive shell exits, the last
+.SM
+.B $HISTSIZE
+lines are copied from the history list to
+.SM
+.BR $HISTFILE .
+If the
+.B histappend
+shell option is enabled
+(see the description of
+.B shopt
+under
+.SM
+.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
+below), the lines are appended to the history file,
+otherwise the history file is overwritten.
+If
+.SM
+.B HISTFILE
+is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
+not saved. After saving the history, the history file is truncated
+to contain no more than
+.SM
+.B HISTFILESIZE
+lines. If
+.SM
+.B HISTFILESIZE
+is not set, no truncation is performed.
+.PP
+The builtin command
+.B fc
+(see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below) may be used to list or edit and re-execute a portion of
+the history list.
+The
+.B history
+builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
+manipulate the history file.
+When using command-line editing, search commands
+are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+history list.
+.PP
+The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+list. The
+.SM
+.B HISTCONTROL
+and
+.SM
+.B HISTIGNORE
+variables may be set to cause the shell to save only a subset of the
+commands entered.
+The
+.B cmdhist
+shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each
+line of a multi-line command in the same history entry, adding
+semicolons where necessary to preserve syntactic correctness.
+The
+.B lithist
+shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines
+instead of semicolons. See the description of the
+.B shopt
+builtin below under
+.SM
+.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
+for information on setting and unsetting shell options.
+.SH "HISTORY EXPANSION"
+.PP
+The shell supports a history expansion feature that
+is similar to the history expansion in
+.BR csh.
+This section describes what syntax features are available. This
+feature is enabled by default for interactive shells, and can be
+disabled using the
+.B \+H
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin command (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS
+below). Non-interactive shells do not perform history expansion
+by default.
+.PP
+History expansions introduce words from the history list into
+the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the
+arguments to a previous command into the current input line, or
+fix errors in previous commands quickly.
+.PP
+History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line
+is read, before the shell breaks it into words.
+It takes place in two parts.
+The first is to determine which line from the history list
+to use during substitution.
+The second is to select portions of that line for inclusion into
+the current one.
+The line selected from the history is the \fIevent\fP,
+and the portions of that line that are acted upon are \fIwords\fP.
+Various \fImodifiers\fP are available to manipulate the selected words.
+The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when reading input,
+so that several \fImetacharacter\fP-separated words surrounded by
+quotes are considered one word.
+History expansions are introduced by the appearance of the
+history expansion character, which is \^\fB!\fP\^ by default.
+Only backslash (\^\fB\e\fP\^) and single quotes can quote
+the history expansion character.
+.PP
+Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately
+following the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted:
+space, tab, newline, carriage return, and \fB=\fP.
+If the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled, \fB(\fP will also
+inhibit expansion.
+.PP
+Several shell options settable with the
+.B shopt
+builtin may be used to tailor the behavior of history expansion.
+If the
+.B histverify
+shell option is enabled (see the description of the
+.B shopt
+builtin), and
+.B readline
+is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
+the shell parser.
+Instead, the expanded line is reloaded into the
+.B readline
+editing buffer for further modification.
+If
+.B readline
+is being used, and the
+.B histreedit
+shell option is enabled, a failed history substitution will be reloaded
+into the
+.B readline
+editing buffer for correction.
+The
+.B \-p
+option to the
+.B history
+builtin command may be used to see what a history expansion will
+do before using it.
+The
+.B \-s
+option to the
+.B history
+builtin may be used to add commands to the end of the history list
+without actually executing them, so that they are available for
+subsequent recall.
+.PP
+The shell allows control of the various characters used by the
+history expansion mechanism (see the description of
+.B histchars
+above under
+.BR "Shell Variables" ).
+.SS Event Designators
+.PP
+An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
+history list.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B !
+Start a history substitution, except when followed by a
+.BR blank ,
+newline, carriage return, =
+or ( (when the \fBextglob\fP shell option is enabled using
+the \fBshopt\fP builtin).
+.TP
+.B !\fIn\fR
+Refer to command line
+.IR n .
+.TP
+.B !\-\fIn\fR
+Refer to the current command line minus
+.IR n .
+.TP
+.B !!
+Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!\-1'.
+.TP
+.B !\fIstring\fR
+Refer to the most recent command starting with
+.IR string .
+.TP
+.B !?\fIstring\fR\fB[?]\fR
+Refer to the most recent command containing
+.IR string .
+The trailing \fB?\fP may be omitted if
+.I string
+is followed immediately by a newline.
+.TP
+.B \d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring1\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u\fIstring2\fP\d\s+2^\s-2\u
+Quick substitution. Repeat the last command, replacing
+.I string1
+with
+.IR string2 .
+Equivalent to
+``!!:s/\fIstring1\fP/\fIstring2\fP/''
+(see \fBModifiers\fP below).
+.TP
+.B !#
+The entire command line typed so far.
+.PD
+.SS Word Designators
+.PP
+Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
+A
+.B :
+separates the event specification from the word designator.
+It may be omitted if the word designator begins with a
+.BR ^ ,
+.BR $ ,
+.BR * ,
+.BR \- ,
+or
+.BR % .
+Words are numbered from the beginning of the line,
+with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero).
+Words are inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B 0 (zero)
+The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command
+word.
+.TP
+.I n
+The \fIn\fRth word.
+.TP
+.B ^
+The first argument. That is, word 1.
+.TP
+.B $
+The last argument.
+.TP
+.B %
+The word matched by the most recent `?\fIstring\fR?' search.
+.TP
+.I x\fB\-\fPy
+A range of words; `\-\fIy\fR' abbreviates `0\-\fIy\fR'.
+.TP
+.B *
+All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym
+for `\fI1\-$\fP'. It is not an error to use
+.B *
+if there is just one
+word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case.
+.TP
+.B x*
+Abbreviates \fIx\-$\fP.
+.TP
+.B x\-
+Abbreviates \fIx\-$\fP like \fBx*\fP, but omits the last word.
+.PD
+.PP
+If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+previous command is used as the event.
+.SS Modifiers
+.PP
+After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of
+one or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.PP
+.TP
+.B h
+Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head.
+.TP
+.B t
+Remove all leading file name components, leaving the tail.
+.TP
+.B r
+Remove a trailing suffix of the form \fI.xxx\fP, leaving the
+basename.
+.TP
+.B e
+Remove all but the trailing suffix.
+.TP
+.B p
+Print the new command but do not execute it.
+.TP
+.B q
+Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
+.TP
+.B x
+Quote the substituted words as with
+.BR q ,
+but break into words at
+.B blanks
+and newlines.
+.TP
+.B s/\fIold\fP/\fInew\fP/
+Substitute
+.I new
+for the first occurrence of
+.I old
+in the event line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The
+final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the
+event line. The delimiter may be quoted in
+.I old
+and
+.I new
+with a single backslash. If & appears in
+.IR new ,
+it is replaced by
+.IR old .
+A single backslash will quote the &. If
+.I old
+is null, it is set to the last
+.I old
+substituted, or, if no previous history substitutions took place,
+the last
+.I string
+in a
+.B !?\fIstring\fR\fB[?]\fR
+search.
+.TP
+.B &
+Repeat the previous substitution.
+.TP
+.B g
+Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
+used in conjunction with `\fB:s\fP' (e.g., `\fB:gs/\fIold\fP/\fInew\fP/\fR')
+or `\fB:&\fP'. If used with
+`\fB:s\fP', any delimiter can be used
+in place of /, and the final delimiter is optional
+if it is the last character of the event line.
+An \fBa\fP may be used as a synonym for \fBg\fP.
+.TP
+.B G
+Apply the following `\fBs\fP' modifier once to each word in the event line.
+.PD
+.SH "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
+.\" start of bash_builtins
+.zZ
+.PP
+Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this
+section as accepting options preceded by
+.B \-
+accepts
+.B \-\-
+to signify the end of the options.
+.sp .5
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fB:\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
+.PD
+No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding
+.I arguments
+and performing any specified
+redirections. A zero exit code is returned.
+.TP
+\fB .\| \fP \fIfilename\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBsource\fP \fIfilename\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
+.PD
+Read and execute commands from
+.I filename
+in the current
+shell environment and return the exit status of the last command
+executed from
+.IR filename .
+If
+.I filename
+does not contain a slash, file names in
+.SM
+.B PATH
+are used to find the directory containing
+.IR filename .
+The file searched for in
+.SM
+.B PATH
+need not be executable.
+When \fBbash\fP is not in \fIposix mode\fP, the current directory is
+searched if no file is found in
+.SM
+.BR PATH .
+If the
+.B sourcepath
+option to the
+.B shopt
+builtin command is turned off, the
+.SM
+.B PATH
+is not searched.
+If any \fIarguments\fP are supplied, they become the positional
+parameters when \fIfilename\fP is executed. Otherwise the positional
+parameters are unchanged.
+The return status is the status of the last command exited within
+the script (0 if no commands are executed), and false if
+.I filename
+is not found or cannot be read.
+.TP
+\fBalias\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...]
+\fBAlias\fP with no arguments or with the
+.B \-p
+option prints the list of aliases in the form
+\fBalias\fP \fIname\fP=\fIvalue\fP on standard output.
+When arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for
+each \fIname\fP whose \fIvalue\fP is given.
+A trailing space in \fIvalue\fP causes the next word to be
+checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
+For each \fIname\fP in the argument list for which no \fIvalue\fP
+is supplied, the name and value of the alias is printed.
+\fBAlias\fP returns true unless a \fIname\fP is given for which
+no alias has been defined.
+.TP
+\fBbg\fP [\fIjobspec\fP]
+Resume the suspended job \fIjobspec\fP in the background, as if it
+had been started with
+.BR & .
+If \fIjobspec\fP is not present, the shell's notion of the
+\fIcurrent job\fP is used.
+.B bg
+.I jobspec
+returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with
+job control enabled, if \fIjobspec\fP was not found or started without
+job control.
+.TP
+\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] [\fB\-lpsvPSV\fP]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] [\fB\-q\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-r\fP \fIkeyseq\fP]
+.TP
+\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] \fB\-f\fP \fIfilename\fP
+.TP
+\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] \fB\-x\fP \fIkeyseq\fP:\fIshell\-command\fP
+.TP
+\fBbind\fP [\fB\-m\fP \fIkeymap\fP] \fIkeyseq\fP:\fIfunction\-name\fP
+.TP
+\fBbind\fP \fIreadline\-command\fP
+.PD
+Display current
+.B readline
+key and function bindings, bind a key sequence to a
+.B readline
+function or macro, or set a
+.B readline
+variable.
+Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in
+.IR .inputrc ,
+but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument;
+e.g., '"\eC\-x\eC\-r": re\-read\-init\-file'.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \-m \fIkeymap\fP
+Use
+.I keymap
+as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent bindings.
+Acceptable
+.I keymap
+names are
+\fIemacs, emacs\-standard, emacs\-meta, emacs\-ctlx, vi,
+vi\-move, vi\-command\fP, and
+.IR vi\-insert .
+\fIvi\fP is equivalent to \fIvi\-command\fP; \fIemacs\fP is
+equivalent to \fIemacs\-standard\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-l
+List the names of all \fBreadline\fP functions.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+Display \fBreadline\fP function names and bindings in such a way
+that they can be re-read.
+.TP
+.B \-P
+List current \fBreadline\fP function names and bindings.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+Display \fBreadline\fP variable names and values in such a way that they
+can be re-read.
+.TP
+.B \-V
+List current \fBreadline\fP variable names and values.
+.TP
+.B \-s
+Display \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the strings
+they output in such a way that they can be re-read.
+.TP
+.B \-S
+Display \fBreadline\fP key sequences bound to macros and the strings
+they output.
+.TP
+.B \-f \fIfilename\fP
+Read key bindings from \fIfilename\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-q \fIfunction\fP
+Query about which keys invoke the named \fIfunction\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-u \fIfunction\fP
+Unbind all keys bound to the named \fIfunction\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-r \fIkeyseq\fP
+Remove any current binding for \fIkeyseq\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-x \fIkeyseq\fP:\fIshell\-command\fP
+Cause \fIshell\-command\fP to be executed whenever \fIkeyseq\fP is
+entered.
+.PD
+.PP
+The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an
+error occurred.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBbreak\fP [\fIn\fP]
+Exit from within a
+.BR for ,
+.BR while ,
+.BR until ,
+or
+.B select
+loop. If \fIn\fP is specified, break \fIn\fP levels.
+.I n
+must be \(>= 1. If
+.I n
+is greater than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops
+are exited. The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing
+a loop when
+.B break
+is executed.
+.TP
+\fBbuiltin\fP \fIshell\-builtin\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
+Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it
+.IR arguments ,
+and return its exit status.
+This is useful when defining a
+function whose name is the same as a shell builtin,
+retaining the functionality of the builtin within the function.
+The \fBcd\fP builtin is commonly redefined this way.
+The return status is false if
+.I shell\-builtin
+is not a shell builtin command.
+.TP
+\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L|-P\fP] [\fIdir\fP]
+Change the current directory to \fIdir\fP. The variable
+.SM
+.B HOME
+is the
+default
+.IR dir .
+The variable
+.SM
+.B CDPATH
+defines the search path for the directory containing
+.IR dir .
+Alternative directory names in
+.SM
+.B CDPATH
+are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in
+.SM
+.B CDPATH
+is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``\fB.\fP''. If
+.I dir
+begins with a slash (/),
+then
+.SM
+.B CDPATH
+is not used. The
+.B \-P
+option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
+following symbolic links (see also the
+.B \-P
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin command); the
+.B \-L
+option forces symbolic links to be followed. An argument of
+.B \-
+is equivalent to
+.SM
+.BR $OLDPWD .
+If a non-empty directory name from \fBCDPATH\fP is used, or if
+\fB\-\fP is the first argument, and the directory change is
+successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is
+written to the standard output.
+The return value is true if the directory was successfully changed;
+false otherwise.
+.TP
+\fBcaller\fP [\fIexpr\fP]
+Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
+a script executed with the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins.
+Without \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP displays the line number and source
+filename of the current subroutine call.
+If a non-negative integer is supplied as \fIexpr\fP, \fBcaller\fP
+displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
+to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
+information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
+current frame is frame 0.
+The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
+call or \fIexpr\fP does not correspond to a valid position in the
+call stack.
+.TP
+\fBcommand\fP [\fB\-pVv\fP] \fIcommand\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]
+Run
+.I command
+with
+.I args
+suppressing the normal shell function lookup. Only builtin
+commands or commands found in the
+.SM
+.B PATH
+are executed. If the
+.B \-p
+option is given, the search for
+.I command
+is performed using a default value for
+.B PATH
+that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.
+If either the
+.B \-V
+or
+.B \-v
+option is supplied, a description of
+.I command
+is printed. The
+.B \-v
+option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
+used to invoke
+.I command
+to be displayed; the
+.B \-V
+option produces a more verbose description.
+If the
+.B \-V
+or
+.B \-v
+option is supplied, the exit status is 0 if
+.I command
+was found, and 1 if not. If neither option is supplied and
+an error occurred or
+.I command
+cannot be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit status of the
+.B command
+builtin is the exit status of
+.IR command .
+.TP
+\fBcompgen\fP [\fIoption\fP] [\fIword\fP]
+Generate possible completion matches for \fIword\fP according to
+the \fIoption\fPs, which may be any option accepted by the
+.B complete
+builtin with the exception of \fB\-p\fP and \fB\-r\fP, and write
+the matches to the standard output.
+When using the \fB\-F\fP or \fB\-C\fP options, the various shell variables
+set by the programmable completion facilities, while available, will not
+have useful values.
+.sp 1
+The matches will be generated in the same way as if the programmable
+completion code had generated them directly from a completion specification
+with the same flags.
+If \fIword\fP is specified, only those completions matching \fIword\fP
+will be displayed.
+.sp 1
+The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
+matches were generated.
+.TP
+\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP]
+.br
+[\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fIname\fP ...]
+.PD
+Specify how arguments to each \fIname\fP should be completed.
+If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied, or if no options are supplied,
+existing completion specifications are printed in a way that allows
+them to be reused as input.
+The \fB\-r\fP option removes a completion specification for
+each \fIname\fP, or, if no \fIname\fPs are supplied, all
+completion specifications.
+.sp 1
+The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
+is attempted is described above under \fBProgrammable Completion\fP.
+.sp 1
+Other options, if specified, have the following meanings.
+The arguments to the \fB\-G\fP, \fB\-W\fP, and \fB\-X\fP options
+(and, if necessary, the \fB\-P\fP and \fB\-S\fP options)
+should be quoted to protect them from expansion before the
+.B complete
+builtin is invoked.
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP 8
+\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP
+The \fIcomp-option\fP controls several aspects of the compspec's behavior
+beyond the simple generation of completions.
+\fIcomp-option\fP may be one of:
+.RS
+.TP 8
+.B bashdefault
+Perform the rest of the default \fBbash\fP completions if the compspec
+generates no matches.
+.TP 8
+.B default
+Use readline's default filename completion if the compspec generates
+no matches.
+.TP 8
+.B dirnames
+Perform directory name completion if the compspec generates no matches.
+.TP 8
+.B filenames
+Tell readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any
+filename\-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names or
+suppressing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with shell functions.
+.TP 8
+.B nospace
+Tell readline not to append a space (the default) to words completed at
+the end of the line.
+.RE
+.TP 8
+\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP
+The \fIaction\fP may be one of the following to generate a list of possible
+completions:
+.RS
+.TP 8
+.B alias
+Alias names. May also be specified as \fB\-a\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B arrayvar
+Array variable names.
+.TP 8
+.B binding
+\fBReadline\fP key binding names.
+.TP 8
+.B builtin
+Names of shell builtin commands. May also be specified as \fB\-b\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B command
+Command names. May also be specified as \fB\-c\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B directory
+Directory names. May also be specified as \fB\-d\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B disabled
+Names of disabled shell builtins.
+.TP 8
+.B enabled
+Names of enabled shell builtins.
+.TP 8
+.B export
+Names of exported shell variables. May also be specified as \fB\-e\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B file
+File names. May also be specified as \fB\-f\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B function
+Names of shell functions.
+.TP 8
+.B group
+Group names. May also be specified as \fB\-g\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B helptopic
+Help topics as accepted by the \fBhelp\fP builtin.
+.TP 8
+.B hostname
+Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the
+.SM
+.B HOSTFILE
+shell variable.
+.TP 8
+.B job
+Job names, if job control is active. May also be specified as \fB\-j\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B keyword
+Shell reserved words. May also be specified as \fB\-k\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B running
+Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
+.TP 8
+.B service
+Service names. May also be specified as \fB\-s\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B setopt
+Valid arguments for the \fB\-o\fP option to the \fBset\fP builtin.
+.TP 8
+.B shopt
+Shell option names as accepted by the \fBshopt\fP builtin.
+.TP 8
+.B signal
+Signal names.
+.TP 8
+.B stopped
+Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
+.TP 8
+.B user
+User names. May also be specified as \fB\-u\fP.
+.TP 8
+.B variable
+Names of all shell variables. May also be specified as \fB\-v\fP.
+.RE
+.TP 8
+\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP
+The filename expansion pattern \fIglobpat\fP is expanded to generate
+the possible completions.
+.TP 8
+\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP
+The \fIwordlist\fP is split using the characters in the
+.SM
+.B IFS
+special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word is expanded.
+The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which
+match the word being completed.
+.TP 8
+\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP
+\fIcommand\fP is executed in a subshell environment, and its output is
+used as the possible completions.
+.TP 8
+\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP
+The shell function \fIfunction\fP is executed in the current shell
+environment.
+When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value
+of the
+.SM
+.B COMPREPLY
+array variable.
+.TP 8
+\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP
+\fIfilterpat\fP is a pattern as used for filename expansion.
+It is applied to the list of possible completions generated by the
+preceding options and arguments, and each completion matching
+\fIfilterpat\fP is removed from the list.
+A leading \fB!\fP in \fIfilterpat\fP negates the pattern; in this
+case, any completion not matching \fIfilterpat\fP is removed.
+.TP 8
+\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP
+\fIprefix\fP is added at the beginning of each possible completion
+after all other options have been applied.
+.TP 8
+\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP
+\fIsuffix\fP is appended to each possible completion
+after all other options have been applied.
+.PD
+.PP
+The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an option
+other than \fB\-p\fP or \fB\-r\fP is supplied without a \fIname\fP
+argument, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification for
+a \fIname\fP for which no specification exists, or
+an error occurs adding a completion specification.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBcontinue\fP [\fIn\fP]
+Resume the next iteration of the enclosing
+.BR for ,
+.BR while ,
+.BR until ,
+or
+.B select
+loop.
+If
+.I n
+is specified, resume at the \fIn\fPth enclosing loop.
+.I n
+must be \(>= 1. If
+.I n
+is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop
+(the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless the
+shell is not executing a loop when
+.B continue
+is executed.
+.TP
+\fBdeclare\fP [\fB\-afFirtx\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBtypeset\fP [\fB\-afFirtx\fP] [\fB\-p\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...]
+.PD
+Declare variables and/or give them attributes.
+If no \fIname\fPs are given then display the values of variables.
+The
+.B \-p
+option will display the attributes and values of each
+.IR name .
+When
+.B \-p
+is used, additional options are ignored.
+The
+.B \-F
+option inhibits the display of function definitions; only the
+function name and attributes are printed.
+If the \fBextdebug\fP shell option is enabled using \fBshopt\fP,
+the source file name and line number where the function is defined
+are displayed as well. The
+.B \-F
+option implies
+.BR \-f .
+The following options can
+be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or
+to give variables attributes:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \-a
+Each \fIname\fP is an array variable (see
+.B Arrays
+above).
+.TP
+.B \-f
+Use function names only.
+.TP
+.B \-i
+The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see
+.SM
+.B "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" ") "
+is performed when the variable is assigned a value.
+.TP
+.B \-r
+Make \fIname\fPs readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values
+by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
+.TP
+.B \-t
+Give each \fIname\fP the \fItrace\fP attribute.
+Traced functions inherit the \fBDEBUG\fP trap from the calling shell.
+The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
+.TP
+.B \-x
+Mark \fIname\fPs for export to subsequent commands via the environment.
+.PD
+.PP
+Using `+' instead of `\-'
+turns off the attribute instead, with the exception that \fB+a\fP
+may not be used to destroy an array variable. When used in a function,
+makes each
+\fIname\fP local, as with the
+.B local
+command.
+If a variable name is followed by =\fIvalue\fP, the value of
+the variable is set to \fIvalue\fP.
+The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+an attempt is made to define a function using
+.if n ``\-f foo=bar'',
+.if t \f(CW\-f foo=bar\fP,
+an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
+an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
+using the compound assignment syntax (see
+.B Arrays
+above), one of the \fInames\fP is not a valid shell variable name,
+an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable,
+an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
+or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with \fB\-f\fP.
+.RE
+.TP
+.B dirs [\fB\-clpv\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
+Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.
+The default display is on a single line with directory names separated
+by spaces.
+Directories are added to the list with the
+.B pushd
+command; the
+.B popd
+command removes entries from the list.
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fB+\fP\fIn\fP
+Displays the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the left of the list
+shown by
+.B dirs
+when invoked without options, starting with zero.
+.TP
+\fB\-\fP\fIn\fP
+Displays the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the right of the list
+shown by
+.B dirs
+when invoked without options, starting with zero.
+.TP
+.B \-c
+Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.
+.TP
+.B \-l
+Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a
+tilde to denote the home directory.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+Print the directory stack with one entry per line,
+prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+.PD
+.PP
+The return value is 0 unless an
+invalid option is supplied or \fIn\fP indexes beyond the end
+of the directory stack.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBdisown\fP [\fB\-ar\fP] [\fB\-h\fP] [\fIjobspec\fP ...]
+Without options, each
+.I jobspec
+is removed from the table of active jobs.
+If the \fB\-h\fP option is given, each
+.I jobspec
+is not removed from the table, but is marked so that
+.SM
+.B SIGHUP
+is not sent to the job if the shell receives a
+.SM
+.BR SIGHUP .
+If no
+.I jobspec
+is present, and neither the
+.B \-a
+nor the
+.B \-r
+option is supplied, the \fIcurrent job\fP is used.
+If no
+.I jobspec
+is supplied, the
+.B \-a
+option means to remove or mark all jobs; the
+.B \-r
+option without a
+.I jobspec
+argument restricts operation to running jobs.
+The return value is 0 unless a
+.I jobspec
+does not specify a valid job.
+.TP
+\fBecho\fP [\fB\-neE\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]
+Output the \fIarg\fPs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+The return status is always 0.
+If \fB\-n\fP is specified, the trailing newline is
+suppressed. If the \fB\-e\fP option is given, interpretation of
+the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled. The
+.B \-E
+option disables the interpretation of these escape characters,
+even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+The \fBxpg_echo\fP shell option may be used to
+dynamically determine whether or not \fBecho\fP expands these
+escape characters by default.
+.B echo
+does not interpret
+.B \-\-
+to mean the end of options.
+.B echo
+interprets the following escape sequences:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \ea
+alert (bell)
+.TP
+.B \eb
+backspace
+.TP
+.B \ec
+suppress trailing newline
+.TP
+.B \ee
+an escape character
+.TP
+.B \ef
+form feed
+.TP
+.B \en
+new line
+.TP
+.B \er
+carriage return
+.TP
+.B \et
+horizontal tab
+.TP
+.B \ev
+vertical tab
+.TP
+.B \e\e
+backslash
+.TP
+.B \e0\fInnn\fP
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
+(zero to three octal digits)
+.TP
+.B \e\fInnn\fP
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value \fInnn\fP
+(one to three octal digits)
+.TP
+.B \ex\fIHH\fP
+the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value \fIHH\fP
+(one or two hex digits)
+.PD
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBenable\fP [\fB\-adnps\fP] [\fB\-f\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
+Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
+Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
+as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
+even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+If \fB\-n\fP is used, each \fIname\fP
+is disabled; otherwise,
+\fInames\fP are enabled. For example, to use the
+.B test
+binary found via the
+.SM
+.B PATH
+instead of the shell builtin version, run
+.if t \f(CWenable -n test\fP.
+.if n ``enable -n test''.
+The
+.B \-f
+option means to load the new builtin command
+.I name
+from shared object
+.IR filename ,
+on systems that support dynamic loading. The
+.B \-d
+option will delete a builtin previously loaded with
+.BR \-f .
+If no \fIname\fP arguments are given, or if the
+.B \-p
+option is supplied, a list of shell builtins is printed.
+With no other option arguments, the list consists of all enabled
+shell builtins.
+If \fB\-n\fP is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed.
+If \fB\-a\fP is supplied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an
+indication of whether or not each is enabled.
+If \fB\-s\fP is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX
+\fIspecial\fP builtins.
+The return value is 0 unless a
+.I name
+is not a shell builtin or there is an error loading a new builtin
+from a shared object.
+.TP
+\fBeval\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]
+The \fIarg\fPs are read and concatenated together into a single
+command. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+its exit status is returned as the value of
+.BR eval .
+If there are no
+.IR args ,
+or only null arguments,
+.B eval
+returns 0.
+.TP
+\fBexec\fP [\fB\-cl\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIname\fP] [\fIcommand\fP [\fIarguments\fP]]
+If
+.I command
+is specified, it replaces the shell.
+No new process is created. The
+.I arguments
+become the arguments to \fIcommand\fP.
+If the
+.B \-l
+option is supplied,
+the shell places a dash at the beginning of the zeroth arg passed to
+.IR command .
+This is what
+.IR login (1)
+does. The
+.B \-c
+option causes
+.I command
+to be executed with an empty environment. If
+.B \-a
+is supplied, the shell passes
+.I name
+as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If
+.I command
+cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+unless the shell option
+.B execfail
+is enabled, in which case it returns failure.
+An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed.
+If
+.I command
+is not specified, any redirections take effect in the current shell,
+and the return status is 0. If there is a redirection error, the
+return status is 1.
+.TP
+\fBexit\fP [\fIn\fP]
+Cause the shell to exit
+with a status of \fIn\fP. If
+.I n
+is omitted, the exit status
+is that of the last command executed.
+A trap on
+.SM
+.B EXIT
+is executed before the shell terminates.
+.TP
+\fBexport\fP [\fB\-fn\fP\^] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP]] ...
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B export \-p
+.PD
+The supplied
+.I names
+are marked for automatic export to the environment of
+subsequently executed commands. If the
+.B \-f
+option is given,
+the
+.I names
+refer to functions.
+If no
+.I names
+are given, or if the
+.B \-p
+option is supplied, a list
+of all names that are exported in this shell is printed.
+The
+.B \-n
+option causes the export property to be removed from each
+\fIname\fP.
+If a variable name is followed by =\fIword\fP, the value of
+the variable is set to \fIword\fP.
+.B export
+returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is
+encountered,
+one of the \fInames\fP is not a valid shell variable name, or
+.B \-f
+is supplied with a
+.I name
+that is not a function.
+.TP
+\fBfc\fP [\fB\-e\fP \fIename\fP] [\fB\-nlr\fP] [\fIfirst\fP] [\fIlast\fP]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBfc\fP \fB\-s\fP [\fIpat\fP=\fIrep\fP] [\fIcmd\fP]
+.PD
+Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from
+.I first
+to
+.I last
+is selected from the history list.
+.I First
+and
+.I last
+may be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
+with that string) or as a number (an index into the history list,
+where a negative number is used as an offset from the current
+command number). If
+.I last
+is not specified it is set to
+the current command for listing (so that
+.if n ``fc \-l \-10''
+.if t \f(CWfc \-l \-10\fP
+prints the last 10 commands) and to
+.I first
+otherwise.
+If
+.I first
+is not specified it is set to the previous
+command for editing and \-16 for listing.
+.sp 1
+The
+.B \-n
+option suppresses
+the command numbers when listing. The
+.B \-r
+option reverses the order of
+the commands. If the
+.B \-l
+option is given,
+the commands are listed on
+standard output. Otherwise, the editor given by
+.I ename
+is invoked
+on a file containing those commands. If
+.I ename
+is not given, the
+value of the
+.SM
+.B FCEDIT
+variable is used, and
+the value of
+.SM
+.B EDITOR
+if
+.SM
+.B FCEDIT
+is not set. If neither variable is set,
+.FN vi
+is used. When editing is complete, the edited commands are
+echoed and executed.
+.sp 1
+In the second form, \fIcommand\fP is re-executed after each instance
+of \fIpat\fP is replaced by \fIrep\fP.
+A useful alias to use with this is
+.if n ``r="fc -s"'',
+.if t \f(CWr='fc \-s'\fP,
+so that typing
+.if n ``r cc''
+.if t \f(CWr cc\fP
+runs the last command beginning with
+.if n ``cc''
+.if t \f(CWcc\fP
+and typing
+.if n ``r''
+.if t \f(CWr\fP
+re-executes the last command.
+.sp 1
+If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an invalid
+option is encountered or
+.I first
+or
+.I last
+specify history lines out of range.
+If the
+.B \-e
+option is supplied, the return value is the value of the last
+command executed or failure if an error occurs with the temporary
+file of commands. If the second form is used, the return status
+is that of the command re-executed, unless
+.I cmd
+does not specify a valid history line, in which case
+.B fc
+returns failure.
+.TP
+\fBfg\fP [\fIjobspec\fP]
+Resume
+.I jobspec
+in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+If
+.I jobspec
+is not present, the shell's notion of the \fIcurrent job\fP is used.
+The return value is that of the command placed into the foreground,
+or failure if run when job control is disabled or, when run with
+job control enabled, if
+.I jobspec
+does not specify a valid job or
+.I jobspec
+specifies a job that was started without job control.
+.TP
+\fBgetopts\fP \fIoptstring\fP \fIname\fP [\fIargs\fP]
+.B getopts
+is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.
+.I optstring
+contains the option characters to be recognized; if a character
+is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
+argument, which should be separated from it by white space.
+The colon and question mark characters may not be used as
+option characters.
+Each time it is invoked,
+.B getopts
+places the next option in the shell variable
+.IR name ,
+initializing
+.I name
+if it does not exist,
+and the index of the next argument to be processed into the
+variable
+.SM
+.BR OPTIND .
+.SM
+.B OPTIND
+is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script
+is invoked. When an option requires an argument,
+.B getopts
+places that argument into the variable
+.SM
+.BR OPTARG .
+The shell does not reset
+.SM
+.B OPTIND
+automatically; it must be manually reset between multiple
+calls to
+.B getopts
+within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters
+is to be used.
+.sp 1
+When the end of options is encountered, \fBgetopts\fP exits with a
+return value greater than zero.
+\fBOPTIND\fP is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
+and \fBname\fP is set to ?.
+.sp 1
+.B getopts
+normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are
+given in
+.IR args ,
+.B getopts
+parses those instead.
+.sp 1
+.B getopts
+can report errors in two ways. If the first character of
+.I optstring
+is a colon,
+.I silent
+error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages
+are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
+encountered.
+If the variable
+.SM
+.B OPTERR
+is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first
+character of
+.I optstring
+is not a colon.
+.sp 1
+If an invalid option is seen,
+.B getopts
+places ? into
+.I name
+and, if not silent,
+prints an error message and unsets
+.SM
+.BR OPTARG .
+If
+.B getopts
+is silent,
+the option character found is placed in
+.SM
+.B OPTARG
+and no diagnostic message is printed.
+.sp 1
+If a required argument is not found, and
+.B getopts
+is not silent,
+a question mark (\^\fB?\fP\^) is placed in
+.IR name ,
+.SM
+.B OPTARG
+is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.
+If
+.B getopts
+is silent, then a colon (\^\fB:\fP\^) is placed in
+.I name
+and
+.SM
+.B OPTARG
+is set to the option character found.
+.sp 1
+.B getopts
+returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is found.
+It returns false if the end of options is encountered or an
+error occurs.
+.TP
+\fBhash\fP [\fB\-lr\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIfilename\fP] [\fB\-dt\fP] [\fIname\fP]
+For each
+.IR name ,
+the full file name of the command is determined by searching
+the directories in
+.B $PATH
+and remembered.
+If the
+.B \-p
+option is supplied, no path search is performed, and
+.I filename
+is used as the full file name of the command.
+The
+.B \-r
+option causes the shell to forget all
+remembered locations.
+The
+.B \-d
+option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each \fIname\fP.
+If the
+.B \-t
+option is supplied, the full pathname to which each \fIname\fP corresponds
+is printed. If multiple \fIname\fP arguments are supplied with \fB\-t\fP,
+the \fIname\fP is printed before the hashed full pathname.
+The
+.B \-l
+option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
+If no arguments are given, or if only \fB\-l\fP is supplied,
+information about remembered commands is printed.
+The return status is true unless a
+.I name
+is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
+.TP
+\fBhelp\fP [\fB\-s\fP] [\fIpattern\fP]
+Display helpful information about builtin commands. If
+.I pattern
+is specified,
+.B help
+gives detailed help on all commands matching
+.IR pattern ;
+otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control structures
+is printed.
+The \fB\-s\fP option restricts the information displayed to a short
+usage synopsis.
+The return status is 0 unless no command matches
+.IR pattern .
+.TP
+\fBhistory [\fIn\fP]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBhistory\fP \fB\-c\fP
+.TP
+\fBhistory \-d\fP \fIoffset\fP
+.TP
+\fBhistory\fP \fB\-anrw\fP [\fIfilename\fP]
+.TP
+\fBhistory\fP \fB\-p\fP \fIarg\fP [\fIarg ...\fP]
+.TP
+\fBhistory\fP \fB\-s\fP \fIarg\fP [\fIarg ...\fP]
+.PD
+With no options, display the command
+history list with line numbers. Lines listed
+with a
+.B *
+have been modified. An argument of
+.I n
+lists only the last
+.I n
+lines.
+If the shell variable \fBHISTTIMEFORMAT\fP is set and not null,
+it is used as a format string for \fIstrftime\fP(3) to display
+the time stamp associated with each displayed history entry.
+No intervening blank is printed between the formatted time stamp
+and the history line.
+If \fIfilename\fP is supplied, it is used as the
+name of the history file; if not, the value of
+.SM
+.B HISTFILE
+is used. Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \-c
+Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
+.TP
+\fB\-d\fP \fIoffset\fP
+Delete the history entry at position \fIoffset\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-a
+Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered since the
+beginning of the current \fBbash\fP session) to the history file.
+.TP
+.B \-n
+Read the history lines not already read from the history
+file into the current history list. These are lines
+appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+current \fBbash\fP session.
+.TP
+.B \-r
+Read the contents of the history file
+and use them as the current history.
+.TP
+.B \-w
+Write the current history to the history file, overwriting the
+history file's contents.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+Perform history substitution on the following \fIargs\fP and display
+the result on the standard output.
+Does not store the results in the history list.
+Each \fIarg\fP must be quoted to disable normal history expansion.
+.TP
+.B \-s
+Store the
+.I args
+in the history list as a single entry. The last command in the
+history list is removed before the
+.I args
+are added.
+.PD
+.PP
+If the \fBHISTTIMEFORMAT\fP is set, the time stamp information
+associated with each history entry is written to the history file.
+The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an
+error occurs while reading or writing the history file, an invalid
+\fIoffset\fP is supplied as an argument to \fB\-d\fP, or the
+history expansion supplied as an argument to \fB\-p\fP fails.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBjobs\fP [\fB\-lnprs\fP] [ \fIjobspec\fP ... ]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBjobs\fP \fB\-x\fP \fIcommand\fP [ \fIargs\fP ... ]
+.PD
+The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the following
+meanings:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \-l
+List process IDs
+in addition to the normal information.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+List only the process ID of the job's process group
+leader.
+.TP
+.B \-n
+Display information only about jobs that have changed status since
+the user was last notified of their status.
+.TP
+.B \-r
+Restrict output to running jobs.
+.TP
+.B \-s
+Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+.PD
+.PP
+If
+.I jobspec
+is given, output is restricted to information about that job.
+The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered
+or an invalid
+.I jobspec
+is supplied.
+.PP
+If the
+.B \-x
+option is supplied,
+.B jobs
+replaces any
+.I jobspec
+found in
+.I command
+or
+.I args
+with the corresponding process group ID, and executes
+.I command
+passing it
+.IR args ,
+returning its exit status.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBkill\fP [\fB\-s\fP \fIsigspec\fP | \fB\-n\fP \fIsignum\fP | \fB\-\fP\fIsigspec\fP] [\fIpid\fP | \fIjobspec\fP] ...
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBkill\fP \fB\-l\fP [\fIsigspec\fP | \fIexit_status\fP]
+.PD
+Send the signal named by
+.I sigspec
+or
+.I signum
+to the processes named by
+.I pid
+or
+.IR jobspec .
+.I sigspec
+is either a signal name such as
+.SM
+.B SIGKILL
+or a signal number;
+.I signum
+is a signal number. If
+.I sigspec
+is a signal name, the name may be
+given with or without the
+.SM
+.B SIG
+prefix.
+If
+.I sigspec
+is not present, then
+.SM
+.B SIGTERM
+is assumed.
+An argument of
+.B \-l
+lists the signal names.
+If any arguments are supplied when
+.B \-l
+is given, the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+listed, and the return status is 0.
+The \fIexit_status\fP argument to
+.B \-l
+is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit status of
+a process terminated by a signal.
+.B kill
+returns true if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false
+if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
+.TP
+\fBlet\fP \fIarg\fP [\fIarg\fP ...]
+Each
+.I arg
+is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see
+.SM
+.BR "ARITHMETIC EVALUATION" ).
+If the last
+.I arg
+evaluates to 0,
+.B let
+returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
+.TP
+\fBlocal\fP [\fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIvalue\fP] ...]
+For each argument, a local variable named
+.I name
+is created, and assigned
+.IR value .
+The \fIoption\fP can be any of the options accepted by \fBdeclare\fP.
+When
+.B local
+is used within a function, it causes the variable
+.I name
+to have a visible scope restricted to that function and its children.
+With no operands,
+.B local
+writes a list of local variables to the standard output. It is
+an error to use
+.B local
+when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
+.B local
+is used outside a function, an invalid
+.I name
+is supplied, or
+\fIname\fP is a readonly variable.
+.TP
+.B logout
+Exit a login shell.
+.TP
+\fBpopd\fP [\-\fBn\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
+Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a
+.B cd
+to the new top directory.
+Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fB+\fP\fIn\fP
+Removes the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the left of the list
+shown by
+.BR dirs ,
+starting with zero. For example:
+.if n ``popd +0''
+.if t \f(CWpopd +0\fP
+removes the first directory,
+.if n ``popd +1''
+.if t \f(CWpopd +1\fP
+the second.
+.TP
+\fB\-\fP\fIn\fP
+Removes the \fIn\fPth entry counting from the right of the list
+shown by
+.BR dirs ,
+starting with zero. For example:
+.if n ``popd -0''
+.if t \f(CWpopd -0\fP
+removes the last directory,
+.if n ``popd -1''
+.if t \f(CWpopd -1\fP
+the next to last.
+.TP
+.B \-n
+Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
+from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+.PD
+.PP
+If the
+.B popd
+command is successful, a
+.B dirs
+is performed as well, and the return status is 0.
+.B popd
+returns false if an invalid option is encountered, the directory stack
+is empty, a non-existent directory stack entry is specified, or the
+directory change fails.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBprintf\fP \fIformat\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
+Write the formatted \fIarguments\fP to the standard output under the
+control of the \fIformat\fP.
+The \fIformat\fP is a character string which contains three types of objects:
+plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
+escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
+format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
+\fIargument\fP.
+In addition to the standard \fIprintf\fP(1) formats, \fB%b\fP causes
+\fBprintf\fP to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding
+\fIargument\fP (except that \fB\ec\fP terminates output, backslashes in
+\fB\e'\fP, \fB\e"\fP, and \fB\e?\fP are not removed, and octal escapes
+beginning with \fB\e0\fP may contain up to four digits),
+and \fB%q\fP causes \fBprintf\fP to output the corresponding
+\fIargument\fP in a format that can be reused as shell input.
+.sp 1
+The \fIformat\fP is reused as necessary to consume all of the \fIarguments\fP.
+If the \fIformat\fP requires more \fIarguments\fP than are supplied, the
+extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
+appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success,
+non-zero on failure.
+.TP
+\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [\fIdir\fP]
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fBpushd\fP [\fB\-n\fP] [+\fIn\fP] [\-\fIn\fP]
+.PD
+Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
+and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
+Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fB+\fP\fIn\fP
+Rotates the stack so that the \fIn\fPth directory
+(counting from the left of the list shown by
+.BR dirs ,
+starting with zero)
+is at the top.
+.TP
+\fB\-\fP\fIn\fP
+Rotates the stack so that the \fIn\fPth directory
+(counting from the right of the list shown by
+.BR dirs ,
+starting with zero) is at the top.
+.TP
+.B \-n
+Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
+to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+.TP
+.I dir
+Adds
+.I dir
+to the directory stack at the top, making it the
+new current working directory.
+.PD
+.PP
+If the
+.B pushd
+command is successful, a
+.B dirs
+is performed as well.
+If the first form is used,
+.B pushd
+returns 0 unless the cd to
+.I dir
+fails. With the second form,
+.B pushd
+returns 0 unless the directory stack is empty,
+a non-existent directory stack element is specified,
+or the directory change to the specified new current directory
+fails.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBpwd\fP [\fB\-LP\fP]
+Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the
+.B \-P
+option is supplied or the
+.B \-o physical
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin command is enabled.
+If the
+.B \-L
+option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.
+The return status is 0 unless an error occurs while
+reading the name of the current directory or an
+invalid option is supplied.
+.TP
+\fBread\fP [\fB\-ers\fP] [\fB\-u\fP \fIfd\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fItimeout\fP] [\fB\-a\fP \fIaname\fP] [\fB\-p\fP \fIprompt\fP] [\fB\-n\fP \fInchars\fP] [\fB\-d\fP \fIdelim\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
+One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
+\fIfd\fP supplied as an argument to the \fB\-u\fP option, and the first word
+is assigned to the first
+.IR name ,
+the second word to the second
+.IR name ,
+and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
+to the last
+.IR name .
+If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names,
+the remaining names are assigned empty values.
+The characters in
+.SM
+.B IFS
+are used to split the line into words.
+The backslash character (\fB\e\fP) may be used to remove any special
+meaning for the next character read and for line continuation.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \-a \fIaname\fP
+The words are assigned to sequential indices
+of the array variable
+.IR aname ,
+starting at 0.
+.I aname
+is unset before any new values are assigned.
+Other \fIname\fP arguments are ignored.
+.TP
+.B \-d \fIdelim\fP
+The first character of \fIdelim\fP is used to terminate the input line,
+rather than newline.
+.TP
+.B \-e
+If the standard input
+is coming from a terminal,
+.B readline
+(see
+.SM
+.B READLINE
+above) is used to obtain the line.
+.TP
+.B \-n \fInchars\fP
+\fBread\fP returns after reading \fInchars\fP characters rather than
+waiting for a complete line of input.
+.TP
+.B \-p \fIprompt\fP
+Display \fIprompt\fP on standard error, without a
+trailing newline, before attempting to read any input. The prompt
+is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
+.TP
+.B \-r
+Backslash does not act as an escape character.
+The backslash is considered to be part of the line.
+In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+continuation.
+.TP
+.B \-s
+Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are
+not echoed.
+.TP
+.B \-t \fItimeout\fP
+Cause \fBread\fP to time out and return failure if a complete line of
+input is not read within \fItimeout\fP seconds.
+This option has no effect if \fBread\fP is not reading input from the
+terminal or a pipe.
+.TP
+.B \-u \fIfd\FP
+Read input from file descriptor \fIfd\fP.
+.PD
+.PP
+If no
+.I names
+are supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable
+.SM
+.BR REPLY .
+The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, \fBread\fP
+times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to
+\fB\-u\fP.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBreadonly\fP [\fB\-apf\fP] [\fIname\fP[=\fIword\fP] ...]
+.PD
+The given
+\fInames\fP are marked readonly; the values of these
+.I names
+may not be changed by subsequent assignment.
+If the
+.B \-f
+option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the
+\fInames\fP are so
+marked.
+The
+.B \-a
+option restricts the variables to arrays.
+If no
+.I name
+arguments are given, or if the
+.B \-p
+option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.
+The
+.B \-p
+option causes output to be displayed in a format that
+may be reused as input.
+If a variable name is followed by =\fIword\fP, the value of
+the variable is set to \fIword\fP.
+The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
+one of the
+.I names
+is not a valid shell variable name, or
+.B \-f
+is supplied with a
+.I name
+that is not a function.
+.TP
+\fBreturn\fP [\fIn\fP]
+Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by
+.IR n .
+If
+.I n
+is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+executed in the function body. If used outside a function,
+but during execution of a script by the
+.B .
+(\fBsource\fP) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+that script and return either
+.I n
+or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+function and not during execution of a script by \fB.\fP\^,
+the return status is false.
+Any command associated with the \fBRETURN\fP trap is executed
+before execution resumes after the function or script.
+.TP
+\fBset\fP [\fB\-\-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIarg\fP ...]
+Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are displayed
+in a format that can be reused as input.
+The output is sorted according to the current locale.
+When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.
+Any arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated
+as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
+.BR $1 ,
+.BR $2 ,
+.B ...
+.BR $\fIn\fP .
+Options, if specified, have the following meanings:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP 8
+.B \-a
+Automatically mark variables and functions which are modified or
+created for export to the environment of subsequent commands.
+.TP 8
+.B \-b
+Report the status of terminated background jobs
+immediately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This is
+effective only when job control is enabled.
+.TP 8
+.B \-e
+Exit immediately if a \fIsimple command\fP (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL GRAMMAR
+above) exits with a non-zero status.
+The shell does not exit if the
+command that fails is part of the command list immediately following a
+.B while
+or
+.B until
+keyword,
+part of the test in an
+.I if
+statement, part of a
+.B &&
+or
+.B \(bv\(bv
+list, or if the command's return value is
+being inverted via
+.BR ! .
+A trap on \fBERR\fP, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+.TP 8
+.B \-f
+Disable pathname expansion.
+.TP 8
+.B \-h
+Remember the location of commands as they are looked up for execution.
+This is enabled by default.
+.TP 8
+.B \-k
+All arguments in the form of assignment statements
+are placed in the environment for a command, not just
+those that precede the command name.
+.TP 8
+.B \-m
+Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is on
+by default for interactive shells on systems that support
+it (see
+.SM
+.B JOB CONTROL
+above). Background processes run in a separate process
+group and a line containing their exit status is printed
+upon their completion.
+.TP 8
+.B \-n
+Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used to
+check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ignored by
+interactive shells.
+.TP 8
+.B \-o \fIoption\-name\fP
+The \fIoption\-name\fP can be one of the following:
+.RS
+.TP 8
+.B allexport
+Same as
+.BR \-a .
+.TP 8
+.B braceexpand
+Same as
+.BR \-B .
+.TP 8
+.B emacs
+Use an emacs-style command line editing interface. This is enabled
+by default when the shell is interactive, unless the shell is started
+with the
+.B \-\-noediting
+option.
+.TP 8
+.B errtrace
+Same as
+.BR \-E .
+.TP 8
+.B functrace
+Same as
+.BR \-T .
+.TP 8
+.B errexit
+Same as
+.BR \-e .
+.TP 8
+.B hashall
+Same as
+.BR \-h .
+.TP 8
+.B histexpand
+Same as
+.BR \-H .
+.TP 8
+.B history
+Enable command history, as described above under
+.SM
+.BR HISTORY .
+This option is on by default in interactive shells.
+.TP 8
+.B ignoreeof
+The effect is as if the shell command
+.if t \f(CWIGNOREEOF=10\fP
+.if n ``IGNOREEOF=10''
+had been executed
+(see
+.B Shell Variables
+above).
+.TP 8
+.B keyword
+Same as
+.BR \-k .
+.TP 8
+.B monitor
+Same as
+.BR \-m .
+.TP 8
+.B noclobber
+Same as
+.BR \-C .
+.TP 8
+.B noexec
+Same as
+.BR \-n .
+.TP 8
+.B noglob
+Same as
+.BR \-f .
+.B nolog
+Currently ignored.
+.TP 8
+.B notify
+Same as
+.BR \-b .
+.TP 8
+.B nounset
+Same as
+.BR \-u .
+.TP 8
+.B onecmd
+Same as
+.BR \-t .
+.TP 8
+.B physical
+Same as
+.BR \-P .
+.TP 8
+.B pipefail
+If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last
+(rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all
+commands in the pipeline exit successfully.
+This option is disabled by default.
+.TP 8
+.B posix
+Change the behavior of
+.B bash
+where the default operation differs
+from the POSIX 1003.2 standard to match the standard (\fI`posix mode\fP).
+.TP 8
+.B privileged
+Same as
+.BR \-p .
+.TP 8
+.B verbose
+Same as
+.BR \-v .
+.TP 8
+.B vi
+Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+.TP 8
+.B xtrace
+Same as
+.BR \-x .
+.sp .5
+.PP
+If
+.B \-o
+is supplied with no \fIoption\-name\fP, the values of the current options are
+printed.
+If
+.B +o
+is supplied with no \fIoption\-name\fP, a series of
+.B set
+commands to recreate the current option settings is displayed on
+the standard output.
+.RE
+.TP 8
+.B \-p
+Turn on
+.I privileged
+mode. In this mode, the
+.SM
+.B $ENV
+and
+.SM
+.B $BASH_ENV
+files are not processed, shell functions are not inherited from the
+environment, and the
+.SM
+.B SHELLOPTS
+variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
+If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
+real user (group) id, and the \fB\-p\fP option is not supplied, these actions
+are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
+If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+not reset.
+Turning this option off causes the effective user
+and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
+.TP 8
+.B \-t
+Exit after reading and executing one command.
+.TP 8
+.B \-u
+Treat unset variables as an error when performing
+parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+unset variable, the shell prints an error message, and,
+if not interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
+.TP 8
+.B \-v
+Print shell input lines as they are read.
+.TP 8
+.B \-x
+After expanding each \fIsimple command\fP,
+\fBfor\fP command, \fBcase\fP command, \fBselect\fP command, or
+arithmetic \fBfor\fP command, display the expanded value of
+.SM
+.BR PS4 ,
+followed by the command and its expanded arguments
+or associated word list.
+.TP 8
+.B \-B
+The shell performs brace expansion (see
+.B Brace Expansion
+above). This is on by default.
+.TP 8
+.B \-C
+If set,
+.B bash
+does not overwrite an existing file with the
+.BR > ,
+.BR >& ,
+and
+.B <>
+redirection operators. This may be overridden when
+creating output files by using the redirection operator
+.B >|
+instead of
+.BR > .
+.TP 8
+.B \-E
+If set, any trap on \fBERR\fP is inherited by shell functions, command
+substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.
+The \fBERR\fP trap is normally not inherited in such cases.
+.TP 8
+.B \-H
+Enable
+.B !
+style history substitution. This option is on by
+default when the shell is interactive.
+.TP 8
+.B \-P
+If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when executing
+commands such as
+.B cd
+that change the current working directory. It uses the
+physical directory structure instead. By default,
+.B bash
+follows the logical chain of directories when performing commands
+which change the current directory.
+.TP 8
+.B \-T
+If set, any trap on \fBDEBUG\fP is inherited by shell functions, command
+substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.
+The \fBDEBUG\fP trap is normally not inherited in such cases.
+.TP 8
+.B \-\-
+If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are
+unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the
+\fIarg\fPs, even if some of them begin with a
+.BR \- .
+.TP 8
+.B \-
+Signal the end of options, cause all remaining \fIarg\fPs to be
+assigned to the positional parameters. The
+.B \-x
+and
+.B \-v
+options are turned off.
+If there are no \fIarg\fPs,
+the positional parameters remain unchanged.
+.PD
+.PP
+The options are off by default unless otherwise noted.
+Using + rather than \- causes these options to be turned off.
+The options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+the shell.
+The current set of options may be found in
+.BR $\- .
+The return status is always true unless an invalid option is encountered.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBshift\fP [\fIn\fP]
+The positional parameters from \fIn\fP+1 ... are renamed to
+.B $1
+.B ....
+Parameters represented by the numbers \fB$#\fP
+down to \fB$#\fP\-\fIn\fP+1 are unset.
+.I n
+must be a non-negative number less than or equal to \fB$#\fP.
+If
+.I n
+is 0, no parameters are changed.
+If
+.I n
+is not given, it is assumed to be 1.
+If
+.I n
+is greater than \fB$#\fP, the positional parameters are not changed.
+The return status is greater than zero if
+.I n
+is greater than
+.B $#
+or less than zero; otherwise 0.
+.TP
+\fBshopt\fP [\fB\-pqsu\fP] [\fB\-o\fP] [\fIoptname\fP ...]
+Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
+With no options, or with the
+.B \-p
+option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with
+an indication of whether or not each is set.
+The \fB\-p\fP option causes output to be displayed in a form that
+may be reused as input.
+Other options have the following meanings:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \-s
+Enable (set) each \fIoptname\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-u
+Disable (unset) each \fIoptname\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-q
+Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status indicates
+whether the \fIoptname\fP is set or unset.
+If multiple \fIoptname\fP arguments are given with
+.BR \-q ,
+the return status is zero if all \fIoptnames\fP are enabled; non-zero
+otherwise.
+.TP
+.B \-o
+Restricts the values of \fIoptname\fP to be those defined for the
+.B \-o
+option to the
+.B set
+builtin.
+.PD
+.PP
+If either
+.B \-s
+or
+.B \-u
+is used with no \fIoptname\fP arguments, the display is limited to
+those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+Unless otherwise noted, the \fBshopt\fP options are disabled (unset)
+by default.
+.PP
+The return status when listing options is zero if all \fIoptnames\fP
+are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting options,
+the return status is zero unless an \fIoptname\fP is not a valid shell
+option.
+.PP
+The list of \fBshopt\fP options is:
+.if t .sp .5v
+.if n .sp 1v
+.PD 0
+.TP 8
+.B cdable_vars
+If set, an argument to the
+.B cd
+builtin command that
+is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose
+value is the directory to change to.
+.TP 8
+.B cdspell
+If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a
+.B cd
+command will be corrected.
+The errors checked for are transposed characters,
+a missing character, and one character too many.
+If a correction is found, the corrected file name is printed,
+and the command proceeds.
+This option is only used by interactive shells.
+.TP 8
+.B checkhash
+If set, \fBbash\fP checks that a command found in the hash
+table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no
+longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
+.TP 8
+.B checkwinsize
+If set, \fBbash\fP checks the window size after each command
+and, if necessary, updates the values of
+.SM
+.B LINES
+and
+.SM
+.BR COLUMNS .
+.TP 8
+.B cmdhist
+If set,
+.B bash
+attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line
+command in the same history entry. This allows
+easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
+.TP 8
+.B dotglob
+If set,
+.B bash
+includes filenames beginning with a `.' in the results of pathname
+expansion.
+.TP 8
+.B execfail
+If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if
+it cannot execute the file specified as an argument to the
+.B exec
+builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if
+.B exec
+fails.
+.TP 8
+.B expand_aliases
+If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+.SM
+.BR ALIASES .
+This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
+.TP 8
+.B extdebug
+If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled:
+.RS
+.TP
+.B 1.
+The \fB\-F\fP option to the \fBdeclare\fP builtin displays the source
+file name and line number corresponding to each function name supplied
+as an argument.
+.TP
+.B 2.
+If the command run by the \fBDEBUG\fP trap returns a non-zero value, the
+next command is skipped and not executed.
+.TP
+.B 3.
+If the command run by the \fBDEBUG\fP trap returns a value of 2, and the
+shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script
+executed by the \fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins), a call to
+\fBreturn\fP is simulated.
+.RE
+.TP 8
+.B extglob
+If set, the extended pattern matching features described above under
+\fBPathname Expansion\fP are enabled.
+.TP 8
+.B extquote
+If set, \fB$\fP'\fIstring\fP' and \fB$\fP"\fIstring\fP" quoting is
+performed within \fB${\fP\fIparameter\fP\fB}\fP expansions
+enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default.
+.TP 8
+.B failglob
+If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion
+result in an expansion error.
+.TP 8
+.B force_fignore
+If set, the suffixes specified by the \fBFIGNORE\fP shell variable
+cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
+the ignored words are the only possible completions.
+See
+.SM
+\fBSHELL VARIABLES\fP
+above for a description of \fBFIGNORE\fP.
+This option is enabled by default.
+.TP 8
+.B gnu_errfmt
+If set, shell error messages are written in the standard GNU error
+message format.
+.TP 8
+.B histappend
+If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value
+of the
+.B HISTFILE
+variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file.
+.TP 8
+.B histreedit
+If set, and
+.B readline
+is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a
+failed history substitution.
+.TP 8
+.B histverify
+If set, and
+.B readline
+is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately
+passed to the shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into
+the \fBreadline\fP editing buffer, allowing further modification.
+.TP 8
+.B hostcomplete
+If set, and
+.B readline
+is being used, \fBbash\fP will attempt to perform hostname completion when a
+word containing a \fB@\fP is being completed (see
+.B Completing
+under
+.SM
+.B READLINE
+above).
+This is enabled by default.
+.TP 8
+.B huponexit
+If set, \fBbash\fP will send
+.SM
+.B SIGHUP
+to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
+.TP 8
+.B interactive_comments
+If set, allow a word beginning with
+.B #
+to cause that word and all remaining characters on that
+line to be ignored in an interactive shell (see
+.SM
+.B COMMENTS
+above). This option is enabled by default.
+.TP 8
+.B lithist
+If set, and the
+.B cmdhist
+option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with
+embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
+.TP 8
+.B login_shell
+The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell (see
+.SM
+.B "INVOCATION"
+above).
+The value may not be changed.
+.TP 8
+.B mailwarn
+If set, and a file that \fBbash\fP is checking for mail has been
+accessed since the last time it was checked, the message ``The mail in
+\fImailfile\fP has been read'' is displayed.
+.TP 8
+.B no_empty_cmd_completion
+If set, and
+.B readline
+is being used,
+.B bash
+will not attempt to search the \fBPATH\fP for possible completions when
+completion is attempted on an empty line.
+.TP 8
+.B nocaseglob
+If set,
+.B bash
+matches filenames in a case\-insensitive fashion when performing pathname
+expansion (see
+.B Pathname Expansion
+above).
+.TP 8
+.B nullglob
+If set,
+.B bash
+allows patterns which match no
+files (see
+.B Pathname Expansion
+above)
+to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.
+.TP 8
+.B progcomp
+If set, the programmable completion facilities (see
+\fBProgrammable Completion\fP above) are enabled.
+This option is enabled by default.
+.TP 8
+.B promptvars
+If set, prompt strings undergo
+parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, and quote removal after being expanded as described in
+.SM
+.B PROMPTING
+above. This option is enabled by default.
+.TP 8
+.B restricted_shell
+The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode (see
+.SM
+.B "RESTRICTED SHELL"
+below).
+The value may not be changed.
+This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing
+the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
+.TP 8
+.B shift_verbose
+If set, the
+.B shift
+builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the
+number of positional parameters.
+.TP 8
+.B sourcepath
+If set, the
+\fBsource\fP (\fB.\fP) builtin uses the value of
+.SM
+.B PATH
+to find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument.
+This option is enabled by default.
+.TP 8
+.B xpg_echo
+If set, the \fBecho\fP builtin expands backslash-escape sequences
+by default.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBsuspend\fP [\fB\-f\fP]
+Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
+.SM
+.B SIGCONT
+signal. The
+.B \-f
+option says not to complain if this is
+a login shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless
+the shell is a login shell and
+.B \-f
+is not supplied, or if job control is not enabled.
+.TP
+\fBtest\fP \fIexpr\fP
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fB[\fP \fIexpr\fP \fB]\fP
+Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on
+the evaluation of the conditional expression
+.IR expr .
+Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
+Expressions are composed of the primaries described above under
+.SM
+.BR "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS" .
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
+in decreasing order of precedence.
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B ! \fIexpr\fP
+True if
+.I expr
+is false.
+.TP
+.B ( \fIexpr\fP )
+Returns the value of \fIexpr\fP.
+This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
+.TP
+\fIexpr1\fP \-\fBa\fP \fIexpr2\fP
+True if both
+.I expr1
+and
+.I expr2
+are true.
+.TP
+\fIexpr1\fP \-\fBo\fP \fIexpr2\fP
+True if either
+.I expr1
+or
+.I expr2
+is true.
+.PD
+.PP
+\fBtest\fP and \fB[\fP evaluate conditional
+expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments.
+.if t .sp 0.5
+.if n .sp 1
+.PD 0
+.TP
+0 arguments
+The expression is false.
+.TP
+1 argument
+The expression is true if and only if the argument is not null.
+.TP
+2 arguments
+If the first argument is \fB!\fP, the expression is true if and
+only if the second argument is null.
+If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators listed above
+under
+.SM
+.BR "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS" ,
+the expression is true if the unary test is true.
+If the first argument is not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression
+is false.
+.TP
+3 arguments
+If the second argument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above
+under
+.SM
+.BR "CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS" ,
+the result of the expression is the result of the binary test using
+the first and third arguments as operands.
+If the first argument is \fB!\fP, the value is the negation of
+the two-argument test using the second and third arguments.
+If the first argument is exactly \fB(\fP and the third argument is
+exactly \fB)\fP, the result is the one-argument test of the second
+argument.
+Otherwise, the expression is false.
+The \fB\-a\fP and \fB\-o\fP operators are considered binary operators
+in this case.
+.TP
+4 arguments
+If the first argument is \fB!\fP, the result is the negation of
+the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments.
+Otherwise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+precedence using the rules listed above.
+.TP
+5 or more arguments
+The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence
+using the rules listed above.
+.RE
+.PD
+.TP
+.B times
+Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
+.TP
+\fBtrap\fP [\fB\-lp\fP] [\fIarg\fP] [\fIsigspec\fP ...]
+The command
+.I arg
+is to be read and executed when the shell receives
+signal(s)
+.IR sigspec .
+If
+.I arg
+is absent or
+.BR \- ,
+all specified signals are
+reset to their original values (the values they had
+upon entrance to the shell).
+If
+.I arg
+is the null string the signal specified by each
+.I sigspec
+is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+If
+.I arg
+is not present and
+.B \-p
+has been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each
+.I sigspec
+are displayed.
+If no arguments are supplied or if only
+.B \-p
+is given,
+.B trap
+prints the list of commands associated with each signal number.
+The
+.B \-l
+option causes the shell to print a list of signal names and
+their corresponding numbers.
+Each
+.I sigspec
+is either
+a signal name defined in <\fIsignal.h\fP>, or a signal number.
+If a
+.I sigspec
+is
+.SM
+.B EXIT
+(0) the command
+.I arg
+is executed on exit from the shell.
+If a
+.I sigspec
+is
+.SM
+.BR DEBUG ,
+the command
+.I arg
+is executed before every \fIsimple command\fP, \fIfor\fP command,
+\fIcase\fP command, \fIselect\fP command, every arithmetic \fIfor\fP
+command, and before the first command executes in a shell function (see
+.SM
+.B SHELL GRAMMAR
+above).
+Refer to the description of the \fBextglob\fP option to the
+\fBshopt\fP builtin for details of its effect on the \fBDEBUG\fP trap.
+If a
+.I sigspec
+is
+.SM
+.BR ERR ,
+the command
+.I arg
+is executed whenever a simple command has a non\-zero exit status,
+subject to the following conditions.
+The
+.SM
+.B ERR
+trap is not executed if the failed
+command is part of the command list immediately following a
+.B while
+or
+.B until
+keyword,
+part of the test in an
+.I if
+statement, part of a
+.B &&
+or
+.B \(bv\(bv
+list, or if the command's return value is
+being inverted via
+.BR ! .
+These are the same conditions obeyed by the \fBerrexit\fP option.
+If a
+.I sigspec
+is
+.SM
+.BR RETURN ,
+the command
+.I arg
+is executed each time a shell function or a script executed with the
+\fB.\fP or \fBsource\fP builtins finishes executing.
+Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child
+process when it is created.
+The return status is false if any
+.I sigspec
+is invalid; otherwise
+.B trap
+returns true.
+.TP
+\fBtype\fP [\fB\-aftpP\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname\fP ...]
+With no options,
+indicate how each
+.I name
+would be interpreted if used as a command name.
+If the
+.B \-t
+option is used,
+.B type
+prints a string which is one of
+.IR alias ,
+.IR keyword ,
+.IR function ,
+.IR builtin ,
+or
+.I file
+if
+.I name
+is an alias, shell reserved word, function, builtin, or disk file,
+respectively.
+If the
+.I name
+is not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false
+is returned.
+If the
+.B \-p
+option is used,
+.B type
+either returns the name of the disk file
+that would be executed if
+.I name
+were specified as a command name,
+or nothing if
+.if t \f(CWtype -t name\fP
+.if n ``type -t name''
+would not return
+.IR file .
+The
+.B \-P
+option forces a
+.SM
+.B PATH
+search for each \fIname\fP, even if
+.if t \f(CWtype -t name\fP
+.if n ``type -t name''
+would not return
+.IR file .
+If a command is hashed,
+.B \-p
+and
+.B \-P
+print the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears
+first in
+.SM
+.BR PATH .
+If the
+.B \-a
+option is used,
+.B type
+prints all of the places that contain
+an executable named
+.IR name .
+This includes aliases and functions,
+if and only if the
+.B \-p
+option is not also used.
+The table of hashed commands is not consulted
+when using
+.BR \-a .
+The
+.B \-f
+option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the \fBcommand\fP builtin.
+.B type
+returns true if any of the arguments are found, false if
+none are found.
+.TP
+\fBulimit\fP [\fB\-SHacdflmnpstuv\fP [\fIlimit\fP]]
+Provides control over the resources available to the shell and to
+processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+The \fB\-H\fP and \fB\-S\fP options specify that the hard or soft limit is
+set for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased once it
+is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit.
+If neither \fB\-H\fP nor \fB\-S\fP is specified, both the soft and hard
+limits are set.
+The value of
+.I limit
+can be a number in the unit specified for the resource
+or one of the special values
+.BR hard ,
+.BR soft ,
+or
+.BR unlimited ,
+which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit, and
+no limit, respectively.
+If
+.I limit
+is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the resource is
+printed, unless the \fB\-H\fP option is given. When more than one
+resource is specified, the limit name and unit are printed before the value.
+Other options are interpreted as follows:
+.RS
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B \-a
+All current limits are reported
+.TP
+.B \-c
+The maximum size of core files created
+.TP
+.B \-d
+The maximum size of a process's data segment
+.TP
+.B \-f
+The maximum size of files created by the shell
+.TP
+.B \-l
+The maximum size that may be locked into memory
+.TP
+.B \-m
+The maximum resident set size
+.TP
+.B \-n
+The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not
+allow this value to be set)
+.TP
+.B \-p
+The pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set)
+.TP
+.B \-s
+The maximum stack size
+.TP
+.B \-t
+The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
+.TP
+.B \-u
+The maximum number of processes available to a single user
+.TP
+.B \-v
+The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell
+.PD
+.PP
+If
+.I limit
+is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the
+.B \-a
+option is display only).
+If no option is given, then
+.B \-f
+is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for
+.BR \-t ,
+which is in seconds,
+.BR \-p ,
+which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+and
+.B \-n
+and
+.BR \-u ,
+which are unscaled values.
+The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
+or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
+.RE
+.TP
+\fBumask\fP [\fB\-p\fP] [\fB\-S\fP] [\fImode\fP]
+The user file-creation mask is set to
+.IR mode .
+If
+.I mode
+begins with a digit, it
+is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise
+it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar
+to that accepted by
+.IR chmod (1).
+If
+.I mode
+is omitted, the current value of the mask is printed.
+The
+.B \-S
+option causes the mask to be printed in symbolic form; the
+default output is an octal number.
+If the
+.B \-p
+option is supplied, and
+.I mode
+is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.
+The return status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if
+no \fImode\fP argument was supplied, and false otherwise.
+.TP
+\fBunalias\fP [\-\fBa\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
+Remove each \fIname\fP from the list of defined aliases. If
+.B \-a
+is supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return
+value is true unless a supplied
+.I name
+is not a defined alias.
+.TP
+\fBunset\fP [\-\fBfv\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
+For each
+.IR name ,
+remove the corresponding variable or function.
+If no options are supplied, or the
+.B \-v
+option is given, each
+.I name
+refers to a shell variable.
+Read-only variables may not be unset.
+If
+.B \-f
+is specifed,
+each
+.I name
+refers to a shell function, and the function definition
+is removed.
+Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+passed to subsequent commands.
+If any of
+.SM
+.BR RANDOM ,
+.SM
+.BR SECONDS ,
+.SM
+.BR LINENO ,
+.SM
+.BR HISTCMD ,
+.SM
+.BR FUNCNAME ,
+.SM
+.BR GROUPS ,
+or
+.SM
+.B DIRSTACK
+are unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are
+subsequently reset. The exit status is true unless a
+.I name
+is readonly.
+.TP
+\fBwait\fP [\fIn\fP]
+Wait for the specified process and return its termination
+status.
+.I n
+may be a process
+ID or a job specification; if a job spec is given, all processes
+in that job's pipeline are waited for. If
+.I n
+is not given, all currently active child processes
+are waited for, and the return status is zero. If
+.I n
+specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the last
+process or job waited for.
+.\" bash_builtins
+.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
+.SH "RESTRICTED SHELL"
+.\" rbash.1
+.zY
+.PP
+If
+.B bash
+is started with the name
+.BR rbash ,
+or the
+.B \-r
+option is supplied at invocation,
+the shell becomes restricted.
+A restricted shell is used to
+set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell.
+It behaves identically to
+.B bash
+with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
+.IP \(bu
+changing directories with \fBcd\fP
+.IP \(bu
+setting or unsetting the values of
+.BR SHELL ,
+.BR PATH ,
+.BR ENV ,
+or
+.B BASH_ENV
+.IP \(bu
+specifying command names containing
+.B /
+.IP \(bu
+specifying a file name containing a
+.B /
+as an argument to the
+.B .
+builtin command
+.IP \(bu
+Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+.B \-p
+option to the
+.B hash
+builtin command
+.IP \(bu
+importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup
+.IP \(bu
+parsing the value of \fBSHELLOPTS\fP from the shell environment at startup
+.IP \(bu
+redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirection operators
+.IP \(bu
+using the
+.B exec
+builtin command to replace the shell with another command
+.IP \(bu
+adding or deleting builtin commands with the
+.B \-f
+and
+.B \-d
+options to the
+.B enable
+builtin command
+.IP \(bu
+Using the \fBenable\fP builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins
+.IP \(bu
+specifying the
+.B \-p
+option to the
+.B command
+builtin command
+.IP \(bu
+turning off restricted mode with
+\fBset +r\fP or \fBset +o restricted\fP.
+.PP
+These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
+.PP
+When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see
+.SM
+.B "COMMAND EXECUTION"
+above),
+.B rbash
+turns off any restrictions in the shell spawned to execute the
+script.
+.\" end of rbash.1
+.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.PD 0
+.TP
+\fIBash Reference Manual\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
+.TP
+\fIThe Gnu Readline Library\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
+.TP
+\fIThe Gnu History Library\fP, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
+.TP
+\fIPortable Operating System Interface (POSIX) Part 2: Shell and Utilities\fP, IEEE
+.TP
+\fIsh\fP(1), \fIksh\fP(1), \fIcsh\fP(1)
+.TP
+\fIemacs\fP(1), \fIvi\fP(1)
+.TP
+\fIreadline\fP(3)
+.PD
+.SH FILES
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.FN /bin/bash
+The \fBbash\fP executable
+.TP
+.FN /etc/profile
+The systemwide initialization file, executed for login shells
+.TP
+.FN ~/.bash_profile
+The personal initialization file, executed for login shells
+.TP
+.FN ~/.bashrc
+The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
+.TP
+.FN ~/.bash_logout
+The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login shell exits
+.TP
+.FN ~/.inputrc
+Individual \fIreadline\fP initialization file
+.PD
+.SH AUTHORS
+Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
+.br
+bfox@gnu.org
+.PP
+Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
+.br
+chet@po.CWRU.Edu
+.SH BUG REPORTS
+If you find a bug in
+.B bash,
+you should report it. But first, you should
+make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+version of
+.BR bash .
+The latest version is always available from
+\fIftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/bash/\fP.
+.PP
+Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
+.I bashbug
+command to submit a bug report.
+If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well!
+Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed
+to \fIbug-bash@gnu.org\fP or posted to the Usenet
+newsgroup
+.BR gnu.bash.bug .
+.PP
+ALL bug reports should include:
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP 20
+The version number of \fBbash\fR
+.TP
+The hardware and operating system
+.TP
+The compiler used to compile
+.TP
+A description of the bug behaviour
+.TP
+A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
+.PD
+.PP
+.I bashbug
+inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+it provides for filing a bug report.
+.PP
+Comments and bug reports concerning
+this manual page should be directed to
+.IR chet@po.CWRU.Edu .
+.SH BUGS
+.PP
+It's too big and too slow.
+.PP
+There are some subtle differences between
+.B bash
+and traditional versions of
+.BR sh ,
+mostly because of the
+.SM
+.B POSIX
+specification.
+.PP
+Aliases are confusing in some uses.
+.PP
+Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
+.PP
+Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c'
+are not handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted.
+When a process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next
+command in the sequence.
+It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as
+a unit.
+.PP
+Commands inside of \fB$(\fP...\fB)\fP command substitution are not
+parsed until substitution is attempted. This will delay error
+reporting until some time after the command is entered.
+.PP
+Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
+.zZ
+.zY
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BP
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(This will delay err)108 607.2 Q(or r)-.18 E
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%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{101}
\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{95}
-\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{102}
-\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{95}
-\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{97}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{98}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{98}
-\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{95}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{96}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{95}
-\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{101}
-\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{97}
-\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{101}
-\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{101}
-\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{95}
-\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{99}
-\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{100}
-\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{99}
-\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{100}
-\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{100}
-\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{100}
-\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{100}
-\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{98}
-\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{98}
-\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{98}
-\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{97}
-\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{99}
-\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{98}
-\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{99}
-\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{102}
-\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{101}
-\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{97}
-\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{102}
-\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{102}
-\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{102}
-\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{100}
-\initial {E}
-\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{103}
-\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{100}
-\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{96}
-\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{95}
-\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{101}
-\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{97}
-\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{95}
-\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{96}
-\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{95}
-\initial {G}
-\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{102}
-\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{102}
-\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{102}
-\initial {H}
-\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{103}
-\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{102}
-\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{96}
-\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{96}
-\initial {I}
-\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{101}
-\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{99}
-\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{103}
-\initial {K}
-\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{98}
-\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{98}
-\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{98}
-\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{98}
-\initial {M}
-\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{102}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{99}
-\initial {N}
-\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{96}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{96}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{96}
-\initial {O}
-\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{103}
-\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{97}
-\initial {P}
-\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{100}
-\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{99}
-\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{100}
-\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{100}
-\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{100}
-\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{100}
-\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{101}
-\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{96}
-\initial {Q}
-\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{97}
-\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{101}
-\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{95}
-\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{96}
-\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{101}
-\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{97}
-\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{101}
-\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{102}
-\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{100}
-\initial {T}
-\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{101}
-\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{97}
-\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{97}
-\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{101}
-\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{99}
-\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{98}
-\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{98}
-\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{97}
-\initial {Y}
-\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{98}
-\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{96}
-\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{96}
-\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{98}
+\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{102
\ No newline at end of file
-This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.5 from
-/usr/homes/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
+This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.2 from
+/usr/src/local/bash/bash-20040121/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 3.0-alpha, 13 November 2003).
+the Bash shell (version 3.0-beta1, 24 January 2004).
- This is Edition 3.0, last updated 13 November 2003, of `The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.0-alpha.
+ This is Edition 3.0, last updated 24 January 2004, of `The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.0-beta1.
Copyright (C) 1988-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 3.0-alpha, 13 November 2003)..
+the Bash shell (version 3.0-beta1, 24 January 2004)..
- This is Edition 3.0, last updated 13 November 2003, of `The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.0-alpha.
+ This is Edition 3.0, last updated 24 January 2004, of `The GNU Bash
+Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.0-beta1.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
command in LIST that is executed, or false if any of the
expressions is invalid.
-
The `break' and `continue' builtins (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::)
may be used to control loop execution.
value of EXPRESSION1 is sufficient to determine the return value
of the entire conditional expression.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Command Grouping, Prev: Conditional Constructs, Up: Compound Commands
`~-N'
The string that would be displayed by `dirs -N'
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Parameter Expansion, Next: Command Substitution, Prev: Tilde Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions
member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
list.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Command Substitution, Next: Arithmetic Expansion, Prev: Shell Parameter Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions
integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a UDP
connection to the corresponding socket.
-
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
Redirecting Input
`-x KEYSEQ:SHELL-COMMAND'
Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed whenever KEYSEQ is entered.
-
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or
an error occurs.
`-u FD'
Read input from file descriptor FD.
-
`shopt'
shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [OPTNAME ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
If set, the `echo' builtin expands backslash-escape sequences
by default.
-
The return status when listing options is zero if all OPTNAMES are
enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting options,
the return status is zero unless an OPTNAME is not a valid shell
`-v'
The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process.
-
If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource;
the special LIMIT values `hard', `soft', and `unlimited' stand for
the current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
Remove each NAME from the list of aliases. If `-a' is supplied,
all aliases are removed. Aliases are described in *Note Aliases::.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: The Set Builtin, Next: Special Builtins, Prev: Bash Builtins, Up: Shell Builtin Commands
`PS2'
The secondary prompt string. The default value is `> '.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Bash Variables, Prev: Bourne Shell Variables, Up: Shell Variables
`BASH_VERSINFO[5]'
The value of `MACHTYPE'.
-
`BASH_VERSION'
The version number of the current instance of Bash.
The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is
readonly.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Bash Features, Next: Job Control, Prev: Shell Variables, Up: Top
Show version information for this instance of Bash on the standard
output and exit successfully.
-
There are several single-character options that may be supplied at
invocation which are not available with the `set' builtin.
processing. Any arguments after the `--' are treated as filenames
and arguments.
-
A _login_ shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
`-', or one invoked with the `--login' option.
greater than or equal to ARG2, respectively. ARG1 and ARG2 may be
positive or negative integers.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Arithmetic, Next: Aliases, Prev: Bash Conditional Expressions, Up: Bash Features
Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack,
and then executes the equivalent of ``cd' DIR'. `cd's to DIR.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Printing a Prompt, Next: The Restricted Shell, Prev: The Directory Stack, Up: Bash Features
The release of Bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
`\w'
- The current working directory.
+ The current working directory, with `$HOME' abbreviated with a
+ tilde.
`\W'
- The basename of `$PWD'.
+ The basename of `$PWD', with `$HOME' abbreviated with a tilde.
`\!'
The history number of this command.
signal. The `-f' option means to suspend even if the shell is a
login shell.
-
When job control is not active, the `kill' and `wait' builtins do
not accept JOBSPEC arguments. They must be supplied process IDs.
a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
analogous to the `%' job ID.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Command Line Editing, Next: Installing Bash, Prev: Using History Interactively, Up: Top
Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is
different than `M-<DEL>' because the word boundaries differ.
-
Here is how to "yank" the text back into the line. Yanking means to
copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer.
appended to the filename when listing possible completions.
The default is `off'.
-
Key Bindings
The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is
simple. First you need to find the name of the command that you
`<ESC> <[> <1> <1> <~>' is bound to insert the text `Function
Key 1'.
-
The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when
specifying key sequences:
the line:
"\C-x\\": "\\"
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Conditional Init Constructs, Next: Sample Init File, Prev: Readline Init File Syntax, Up: Readline Init File
`redraw-current-line ()'
Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For History, Next: Commands For Text, Prev: Commands For Moving, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
through the history list, inserting the last argument of each line
in turn.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For Text, Next: Commands For Killing, Prev: Commands For History, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
By default, this command is unbound.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Commands For Killing, Next: Numeric Arguments, Prev: Commands For Text, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
completions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
shell (*note Brace Expansion::).
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Keyboard Macros, Next: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Commands For Completion, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the
characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
result as shell commands. Bash attempts to invoke `$FCEDIT',
`$EDITOR', and `emacs' as the editor, in that order.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Readline vi Mode, Next: Programmable Completion, Prev: Bindable Readline Commands, Up: Command Line Editing
for a NAME for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Using History Interactively, Next: Command Line Editing, Prev: Job Control, Up: Top
The ARGs are added to the end of the history list as a single
entry.
-
When any of the `-w', `-r', `-a', or `-n' options is used, if
FILENAME is given, then it is used as the history file. If not,
then the value of the `HISTFILE' variable is used.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: History Interaction, Prev: Bash History Builtins, Up: Using History Interactively
`!#'
The entire command line typed so far.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Word Designators, Next: Modifiers, Prev: Event Designators, Up: History Interaction
`X-'
Abbreviates `X-$' like `X*', but omits the last word.
-
If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
`G'
Apply the following `s' modifier once to each word in the event.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Installing Bash, Next: Reporting Bugs, Prev: Command Line Editing, Up: Top
Specification, version 2. *Note Bash Builtins::, for a
description of the escape sequences that `echo' recognizes.
-
The file `config-top.h' contains C Preprocessor `#define' statements
for options which are not settable from `configure'. Some of these are
not meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if you do. Read
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f1373
-Node: Introduction\7f3532
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3757
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4845
-Node: Definitions\7f7381
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f10121
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f11339
-Node: Shell Operation\7f12363
-Node: Quoting\7f13648
-Node: Escape Character\7f14910
-Node: Single Quotes\7f15382
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15717
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16730
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17673
-Node: Comments\7f18556
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19161
-Node: Simple Commands\7f19922
-Node: Pipelines\7f20543
-Node: Lists\7f22409
-Node: Compound Commands\7f24031
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f24803
+Node: Top\7f1376
+Node: Introduction\7f3533
+Node: What is Bash?\7f3758
+Node: What is a shell?\7f4846
+Node: Definitions\7f7382
+Node: Basic Shell Features\7f10122
+Node: Shell Syntax\7f11340
+Node: Shell Operation\7f12364
+Node: Quoting\7f13649
+Node: Escape Character\7f14911
+Node: Single Quotes\7f15383
+Node: Double Quotes\7f15718
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16731
+Node: Locale Translation\7f17674
+Node: Comments\7f18557
+Node: Shell Commands\7f19162
+Node: Simple Commands\7f19923
+Node: Pipelines\7f20544
+Node: Lists\7f22410
+Node: Compound Commands\7f24032
+Node: Looping Constructs\7f24804
Node: Conditional Constructs\7f27237
-Node: Command Grouping\7f34290
-Node: Shell Functions\7f35726
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f39991
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f41562
-Node: Special Parameters\7f42453
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f45111
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f47031
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f49347
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f51679
-Node: Command Substitution\7f58933
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f60255
-Node: Process Substitution\7f61096
-Node: Word Splitting\7f62133
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f63585
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f65709
-Node: Quote Removal\7f69030
-Node: Redirections\7f69316
-Node: Executing Commands\7f76791
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f77458
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f79379
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f81376
-Node: Environment\7f84138
-Node: Exit Status\7f85789
-Node: Signals\7f86984
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f88939
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f91450
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f92880
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f109763
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f137885
-Node: Special Builtins\7f146103
-Node: Shell Variables\7f147075
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f147511
-Node: Bash Variables\7f149488
-Node: Bash Features\7f168993
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f169875
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f175686
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f180556
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f180958
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f181593
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f182399
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f185666
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f189086
-Node: Aliases\7f191826
-Node: Arrays\7f194329
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f197349
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f198055
-Node: Printing a Prompt\7f200934
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f203560
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f205385
-Node: Job Control\7f212031
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f212497
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f216777
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f221073
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f222223
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f223221
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f224838
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f226024
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f227804
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f228760
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f230669
-Node: Searching\7f231704
-Node: Readline Init File\7f233881
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f234935
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f246579
-Node: Sample Init File\7f249103
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f252286
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f253485
-Node: Commands For History\7f254334
-Node: Commands For Text\7f257223
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f259884
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f261834
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f262961
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f266542
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f267101
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f272400
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f273309
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f279116
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f286478
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f287157
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f289847
-Node: History Interaction\7f293699
-Node: Event Designators\7f296250
-Node: Word Designators\7f297254
-Node: Modifiers\7f298884
-Node: Installing Bash\7f300281
-Node: Basic Installation\7f301415
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f304100
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f304834
-Node: Installation Names\7f306491
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f307302
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f308011
-Node: Operation Controls\7f308676
-Node: Optional Features\7f309627
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f317899
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f319074
-Node: Copying This Manual\7f334822
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f335076
-Node: Builtin Index\7f357469
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f361096
-Node: Variable Index\7f362572
-Node: Function Index\7f369565
-Node: Concept Index\7f374115
+Node: Command Grouping\7f34289
+Node: Shell Functions\7f35725
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f39990
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f41561
+Node: Special Parameters\7f42452
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f45110
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f47030
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f49346
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f51677
+Node: Command Substitution\7f58930
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f60252
+Node: Process Substitution\7f61093
+Node: Word Splitting\7f62130
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f63582
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f65706
+Node: Quote Removal\7f69027
+Node: Redirections\7f69313
+Node: Executing Commands\7f76787
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f77454
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f79375
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f81372
+Node: Environment\7f84134
+Node: Exit Status\7f85785
+Node: Signals\7f86980
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f88935
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f91446
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f92876
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f109759
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f137876
+Node: Special Builtins\7f146094
+Node: Shell Variables\7f147066
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f147502
+Node: Bash Variables\7f149478
+Node: Bash Features\7f168981
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f169863
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f175672
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f180542
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f180944
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f181579
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f182385
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f185652
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f189071
+Node: Aliases\7f191811
+Node: Arrays\7f194314
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f197334
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f198040
+Node: Printing a Prompt\7f200918
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f203627
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f205452
+Node: Job Control\7f212098
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f212564
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f216844
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f221139
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f222288
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f223286
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f224903
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f226089
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f227869
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f228825
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f230733
+Node: Searching\7f231768
+Node: Readline Init File\7f233945
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f234999
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f246640
+Node: Sample Init File\7f249164
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f252347
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f253546
+Node: Commands For History\7f254394
+Node: Commands For Text\7f257282
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f259942
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f261892
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f263019
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f266599
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f267157
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f272455
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f273364
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f279171
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f286532
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f287211
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f289901
+Node: History Interaction\7f293751
+Node: Event Designators\7f296302
+Node: Word Designators\7f297305
+Node: Modifiers\7f298934
+Node: Installing Bash\7f300330
+Node: Basic Installation\7f301464
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f304149
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f304883
+Node: Installation Names\7f306540
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f307351
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f308060
+Node: Operation Controls\7f308725
+Node: Optional Features\7f309676
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f317947
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f319122
+Node: Copying This Manual\7f334870
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f335124
+Node: Builtin Index\7f357517
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f361144
+Node: Variable Index\7f362620
+Node: Function Index\7f369613
+Node: Concept Index\7f374163
\1f
End Tag Table
@item \V
The release of Bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
@item \w
-The current working directory.
+The current working directory, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde.
@item \W
-The basename of @env{$PWD}.
+The basename of @env{$PWD}, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde.
@item \!
The history number of this command.
@item \#
--- /dev/null
+\input texinfo.tex @c -*- texinfo -*-
+@c %**start of header
+@setfilename bashref.info
+@settitle Bash Reference Manual
+@c %**end of header
+
+@setchapternewpage odd
+
+@include version.texi
+
+@copying
+This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
+the Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}).
+
+This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
+of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
+for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
+
+Copyright @copyright{} 1988-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
+this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
+are preserved on all copies.
+
+@quotation
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
+Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
+and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is
+included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License.''
+
+(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
+this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
+Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
+@end quotation
+@end copying
+
+@defcodeindex bt
+@defcodeindex rw
+@set BashFeatures
+
+@dircategory Basics
+@direntry
+* Bash: (bash). The GNU Bourne-Again SHell.
+@end direntry
+
+@finalout
+
+@titlepage
+@title Bash Reference Manual
+@subtitle Reference Documentation for Bash
+@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @code{Bash} Version @value{VERSION}.
+@subtitle @value{UPDATED-MONTH}
+@author Chet Ramey, Case Western Reserve University
+@author Brian Fox, Free Software Foundation
+
+@page
+@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
+@insertcopying
+
+@sp 1
+Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
+59 Temple Place, Suite 330, @*
+Boston, MA 02111-1307 @*
+USA @*
+
+@end titlepage
+
+@contents
+
+@ifnottex
+@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
+@top Bash Features
+
+This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
+the Bash shell (version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED})..
+
+This is Edition @value{EDITION}, last updated @value{UPDATED},
+of @cite{The GNU Bash Reference Manual},
+for @code{Bash}, Version @value{VERSION}.
+
+Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
+features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
+borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (@file{sh}), the Korn Shell
+(@file{ksh}), and the C-shell (@file{csh} and its successor,
+@file{tcsh}). The following menu breaks the features up into
+categories based upon which one of these other shells inspired the
+feature.
+
+This manual is meant as a brief introduction to features found in
+Bash. The Bash manual page should be used as the definitive
+reference on shell behavior.
+
+@menu
+* Introduction:: An introduction to the shell.
+
+* Definitions:: Some definitions used in the rest of this
+ manual.
+
+* Basic Shell Features:: The shell "building blocks".
+
+* Shell Builtin Commands:: Commands that are a part of the shell.
+
+* Shell Variables:: Variables used or set by Bash.
+
+* Bash Features:: Features found only in Bash.
+
+* Job Control:: A chapter describing what job control is
+ and how Bash allows you to use it.
+
+* Using History Interactively:: Chapter dealing with history expansion
+ rules.
+
+* Command Line Editing:: Chapter describing the command line
+ editing features.
+
+* Installing Bash:: How to build and install Bash on your system.
+
+* Reporting Bugs:: How to report bugs in Bash.
+
+* Major Differences From The Bourne Shell:: A terse list of the differences
+ between Bash and historical
+ versions of /bin/sh.
+
+* Copying This Manual:: Copying this manual.
+
+* Builtin Index:: Index of Bash builtin commands.
+
+* Reserved Word Index:: Index of Bash reserved words.
+
+* Variable Index:: Quick reference helps you find the
+ variable you want.
+
+* Function Index:: Index of bindable Readline functions.
+
+* Concept Index:: General index for concepts described in
+ this manual.
+@end menu
+@end ifnottex
+
+@node Introduction
+@chapter Introduction
+@menu
+* What is Bash?:: A short description of Bash.
+
+* What is a shell?:: A brief introduction to shells.
+@end menu
+
+@node What is Bash?
+@section What is Bash?
+
+Bash is the shell, or command language interpreter,
+for the @sc{gnu} operating system.
+The name is an acronym for the @samp{Bourne-Again SHell},
+a pun on Stephen Bourne, the author of the direct ancestor of
+the current Unix shell @code{sh},
+which appeared in the Seventh Edition Bell Labs Research version
+of Unix.
+
+Bash is largely compatible with @code{sh} and incorporates useful
+features from the Korn shell @code{ksh} and the C shell @code{csh}.
+It is intended to be a conformant implementation of the @sc{ieee}
+@sc{posix} Shell and Tools specification (@sc{ieee} Working Group 1003.2).
+It offers functional improvements over @code{sh} for both interactive and
+programming use.
+
+While the @sc{gnu} operating system provides other shells, including
+a version of @code{csh}, Bash is the default shell.
+Like other @sc{gnu} software, Bash is quite portable. It currently runs
+on nearly every version of Unix and a few other operating systems @minus{}
+independently-supported ports exist for @sc{ms-dos}, @sc{os/2},
+and Windows platforms.
+
+@node What is a shell?
+@section What is a shell?
+
+At its base, a shell is simply a macro processor that executes
+commands. The term macro processor means functionality where text
+and symbols are expanded to create larger expressions.
+
+A Unix shell is both a command interpreter and a programming
+language. As a command interpreter, the shell provides the user
+interface to the rich set of @sc{gnu} utilities. The programming
+language features allow these utilitites to be combined.
+Files containing commands can be created, and become
+commands themselves. These new commands have the same status as
+system commands in directories such as @file{/bin}, allowing users
+or groups to establish custom environments to automate their common
+tasks.
+
+Shells may be used interactively or non-interactively. In
+interactive mode, they accept input typed from the keyboard.
+When executing non-interactively, shells execute commands read
+from a file.
+
+A shell allows execution of @sc{gnu} commands, both synchronously and
+asynchronously.
+The shell waits for synchronous commands to complete before accepting
+more input; asynchronous commands continue to execute in parallel
+with the shell while it reads and executes additional commands.
+The @dfn{redirection} constructs permit
+fine-grained control of the input and output of those commands.
+Moreover, the shell allows control over the contents of commands'
+environments.
+
+Shells also provide a small set of built-in
+commands (@dfn{builtins}) implementing functionality impossible
+or inconvenient to obtain via separate utilities.
+For example, @code{cd}, @code{break}, @code{continue}, and
+@code{exec}) cannot be implemented outside of the shell because
+they directly manipulate the shell itself.
+The @code{history}, @code{getopts}, @code{kill}, or @code{pwd}
+builtins, among others, could be implemented in separate utilities,
+but they are more convenient to use as builtin commands.
+All of the shell builtins are described in
+subsequent sections.
+
+While executing commands is essential, most of the power (and
+complexity) of shells is due to their embedded programming
+languages. Like any high-level language, the shell provides
+variables, flow control constructs, quoting, and functions.
+
+Shells offer features geared specifically for
+interactive use rather than to augment the programming language.
+These interactive features include job control, command line
+editing, command history and aliases. Each of these features is
+described in this manual.
+
+@node Definitions
+@chapter Definitions
+These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item POSIX
+@cindex POSIX
+A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash
+is concerned with @sc{posix} 1003.2, the Shell and Tools Standard.
+
+@item blank
+A space or tab character.
+
+@item builtin
+@cindex builtin
+A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather
+than by an executable program somewhere in the file system.
+
+@item control operator
+@cindex control operator
+A @code{word} that performs a control function. It is a @code{newline}
+or one of the following:
+@samp{||}, @samp{&&}, @samp{&}, @samp{;}, @samp{;;},
+@samp{|}, @samp{(}, or @samp{)}.
+
+@item exit status
+@cindex exit status
+The value returned by a command to its caller. The value is restricted
+to eight bits, so the maximum value is 255.
+
+@item field
+@cindex field
+A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After
+expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as
+the command name and arguments.
+
+@item filename
+@cindex filename
+A string of characters used to identify a file.
+
+@item job
+@cindex job
+A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended
+from it, that are all in the same process group.
+
+@item job control
+@cindex job control
+A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart
+(resume) execution of processes.
+
+@item metacharacter
+@cindex metacharacter
+A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is
+a @code{blank} or one of the following characters:
+@samp{|}, @samp{&}, @samp{;}, @samp{(}, @samp{)}, @samp{<}, or
+@samp{>}.
+
+@item name
+@cindex name
+@cindex identifier
+A @code{word} consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores,
+and beginning with a letter or underscore. @code{Name}s are used as
+shell variable and function names.
+Also referred to as an @code{identifier}.
+
+@item operator
+@cindex operator, shell
+A @code{control operator} or a @code{redirection operator}.
+@xref{Redirections}, for a list of redirection operators.
+
+@item process group
+@cindex process group
+A collection of related processes each having the same process
+group @sc{id}.
+
+@item process group ID
+@cindex process group ID
+A unique identifer that represents a @code{process group}
+during its lifetime.
+
+@item reserved word
+@cindex reserved word
+A @code{word} that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved
+words introduce shell flow control constructs, such as @code{for} and
+@code{while}.
+
+@item return status
+@cindex return status
+A synonym for @code{exit status}.
+
+@item signal
+@cindex signal
+A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel
+of an event occurring in the system.
+
+@item special builtin
+@cindex special builtin
+A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the
+@sc{posix} 1003.2 standard.
+
+@item token
+@cindex token
+A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell. It is
+either a @code{word} or an @code{operator}.
+
+@item word
+@cindex word
+A @code{token} that is not an @code{operator}.
+@end table
+
+@node Basic Shell Features
+@chapter Basic Shell Features
+@cindex Bourne shell
+
+Bash is an acronym for @samp{Bourne-Again SHell}.
+The Bourne shell is
+the traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne.
+All of the Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash,
+The rules for evaluation and quoting are taken from the @sc{posix}
+specification for the `standard' Unix shell.
+
+This chapter briefly summarizes the shell's `building blocks':
+commands, control structures, shell functions, shell @i{parameters},
+shell expansions,
+@i{redirections}, which are a way to direct input and output from
+and to named files, and how the shell executes commands.
+
+@menu
+* Shell Syntax:: What your input means to the shell.
+* Shell Commands:: The types of commands you can use.
+* Shell Functions:: Grouping commands by name.
+* Shell Parameters:: How the shell stores values.
+* Shell Expansions:: How Bash expands parameters and the various
+ expansions available.
+* Redirections:: A way to control where input and output go.
+* Executing Commands:: What happens when you run a command.
+* Shell Scripts:: Executing files of shell commands.
+@end menu
+
+@node Shell Syntax
+@section Shell Syntax
+@menu
+* Shell Operation:: The basic operation of the shell.
+
+* Quoting:: How to remove the special meaning from characters.
+
+* Comments:: How to specify comments.
+@end menu
+
+When the shell reads input, it proceeds through a
+sequence of operations. If the input indicates the beginning of a
+comment, the shell ignores the comment symbol (@samp{#}), and the rest
+of that line.
+
+Otherwise, roughly speaking, the shell reads its input and
+divides the input into words and operators, employing the quoting rules
+to select which meanings to assign various words and characters.
+
+The shell then parses these tokens into commands and other constructs,
+removes the special meaning of certain words or characters, expands
+others, redirects input and output as needed, executes the specified
+command, waits for the command's exit status, and makes that exit status
+available for further inspection or processing.
+
+@node Shell Operation
+@subsection Shell Operation
+
+The following is a brief description of the shell's operation when it
+reads and executes a command. Basically, the shell does the
+following:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+Reads its input from a file (@pxref{Shell Scripts}), from a string
+supplied as an argument to the @option{-c} invocation option
+(@pxref{Invoking Bash}), or from the user's terminal.
+
+@item
+Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules
+described in @ref{Quoting}. These tokens are separated by
+@code{metacharacters}. Alias expansion is performed by this step
+(@pxref{Aliases}).
+
+@item
+Parses the tokens into simple and compound commands
+(@pxref{Shell Commands}).
+
+@item
+Performs the various shell expansions (@pxref{Shell Expansions}), breaking
+the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (@pxref{Filename Expansion})
+and commands and arguments.
+
+@item
+Performs any necessary redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) and removes
+the redirection operators and their operands from the argument list.
+
+@item
+Executes the command (@pxref{Executing Commands}).
+
+@item
+Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit
+status (@pxref{Exit Status}).
+
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Quoting
+@subsection Quoting
+@cindex quoting
+@menu
+* Escape Character:: How to remove the special meaning from a single
+ character.
+* Single Quotes:: How to inhibit all interpretation of a sequence
+ of characters.
+* Double Quotes:: How to suppress most of the interpretation of a
+ sequence of characters.
+* ANSI-C Quoting:: How to expand ANSI-C sequences in quoted strings.
+
+* Locale Translation:: How to translate strings into different languages.
+@end menu
+
+Quoting is used to remove the special meaning of certain
+characters or words to the shell. Quoting can be used to
+disable special treatment for special characters, to prevent
+reserved words from being recognized as such, and to prevent
+parameter expansion.
+
+Each of the shell metacharacters (@pxref{Definitions})
+has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
+represent itself.
+When the command history expansion facilities are being used, the
+@var{history expansion} character, usually @samp{!}, must be quoted
+to prevent history expansion. @xref{Bash History Facilities}, for
+more details concerning history expansion.
+
+There are three quoting mechanisms: the
+@var{escape character}, single quotes, and double quotes.
+
+@node Escape Character
+@subsubsection Escape Character
+A non-quoted backslash @samp{\} is the Bash escape character.
+It preserves the literal value of the next character that follows,
+with the exception of @code{newline}. If a @code{\newline} pair
+appears, and the backslash itself is not quoted, the @code{\newline}
+is treated as a line continuation (that is, it is removed from
+the input stream and effectively ignored).
+
+@node Single Quotes
+@subsubsection Single Quotes
+
+Enclosing characters in single quotes (@samp{'}) preserves the literal value
+of each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur
+between single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
+
+@node Double Quotes
+@subsubsection Double Quotes
+
+Enclosing characters in double quotes (@samp{"}) preserves the literal value
+of all characters within the quotes, with the exception of
+@samp{$}, @samp{`}, and @samp{\}.
+The characters @samp{$} and @samp{`}
+retain their special meaning within double quotes (@pxref{Shell Expansions}).
+The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of
+the following characters:
+@samp{$}, @samp{`}, @samp{"}, @samp{\}, or @code{newline}.
+Within double quotes, backslashes that are followed by one of these
+characters are removed. Backslashes preceding characters without a
+special meaning are left unmodified.
+A double quote may be quoted within double quotes by preceding it with
+a backslash.
+When command history is being used, the double quote may not be used to
+quote the history expansion character.
+
+The special parameters @samp{*} and @samp{@@} have special meaning
+when in double quotes (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@node ANSI-C Quoting
+@subsubsection ANSI-C Quoting
+@cindex quoting, ANSI
+
+Words of the form @code{$'@var{string}'} are treated specially. The
+word expands to @var{string}, with backslash-escaped characters replaced
+as specified by the ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if
+present, are decoded as follows:
+
+@table @code
+@item \a
+alert (bell)
+@item \b
+backspace
+@item \e
+an escape character (not ANSI C)
+@item \f
+form feed
+@item \n
+newline
+@item \r
+carriage return
+@item \t
+horizontal tab
+@item \v
+vertical tab
+@item \\
+backslash
+@item \'
+single quote
+@item \@var{nnn}
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn}
+(one to three digits)
+@item \x@var{HH}
+the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH}
+(one or two hex digits)
+@item \c@var{x}
+a control-@var{x} character
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
+been present.
+
+@node Locale Translation
+@subsubsection Locale-Specific Translation
+@cindex localization
+@cindex internationalization
+@cindex native languages
+@cindex translation, native languages
+
+A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign (@samp{$}) will cause
+the string to be translated according to the current locale.
+If the current locale is @code{C} or @code{POSIX}, the dollar sign
+is ignored.
+If the string is translated and replaced, the replacement is
+double-quoted.
+
+@vindex LC_MESSAGES
+@vindex TEXTDOMAIN
+@vindex TEXTDOMAINDIR
+Some systems use the message catalog selected by the @env{LC_MESSAGES}
+shell variable. Others create the name of the message catalog from the
+value of the @env{TEXTDOMAIN} shell variable, possibly adding a
+suffix of @samp{.mo}. If you use the @env{TEXTDOMAIN} variable, you
+may need to set the @env{TEXTDOMAINDIR} variable to the location of
+the message catalog files. Still others use both variables in this
+fashion:
+@env{TEXTDOMAINDIR}/@env{LC_MESSAGES}/LC_MESSAGES/@env{TEXTDOMAIN}.mo.
+
+@node Comments
+@subsection Comments
+@cindex comments, shell
+
+In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
+@code{interactive_comments} option to the @code{shopt}
+builtin is enabled (@pxref{Bash Builtins}),
+a word beginning with @samp{#}
+causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to
+be ignored. An interactive shell without the @code{interactive_comments}
+option enabled does not allow comments. The @code{interactive_comments}
+option is on by default in interactive shells.
+@xref{Interactive Shells}, for a description of what makes
+a shell interactive.
+
+@node Shell Commands
+@section Shell Commands
+@cindex commands, shell
+
+A simple shell command such as @code{echo a b c} consists of the command
+itself followed by arguments, separated by spaces.
+
+More complex shell commands are composed of simple commands arranged together
+in a variety of ways: in a pipeline in which the output of one command
+becomes the input of a second, in a loop or conditional construct, or in
+some other grouping.
+
+@menu
+* Simple Commands:: The most common type of command.
+* Pipelines:: Connecting the input and output of several
+ commands.
+* Lists:: How to execute commands sequentially.
+* Compound Commands:: Shell commands for control flow.
+@end menu
+
+@node Simple Commands
+@subsection Simple Commands
+@cindex commands, simple
+
+A simple command is the kind of command encountered most often.
+It's just a sequence of words separated by @code{blank}s, terminated
+by one of the shell's control operators (@pxref{Definitions}). The
+first word generally specifies a command to be executed, with the
+rest of the words being that command's arguments.
+
+The return status (@pxref{Exit Status}) of a simple command is
+its exit status as provided
+by the @sc{posix} 1003.1 @code{waitpid} function, or 128+@var{n} if
+the command was terminated by signal @var{n}.
+
+@node Pipelines
+@subsection Pipelines
+@cindex pipeline
+@cindex commands, pipelines
+
+A @code{pipeline} is a sequence of simple commands separated by
+@samp{|}.
+
+@rwindex time
+@rwindex !
+@cindex command timing
+The format for a pipeline is
+@example
+[@code{time} [@code{-p}]] [@code{!}] @var{command1} [@code{|} @var{command2} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe
+to the input of the next command.
+That is, each command reads the previous command's output.
+
+The reserved word @code{time} causes timing statistics
+to be printed for the pipeline once it finishes.
+The statistics currently consist of elapsed (wall-clock) time and
+user and system time consumed by the command's execution.
+The @option{-p} option changes the output format to that specified
+by @sc{posix}.
+The @env{TIMEFORMAT} variable may be set to a format string that
+specifies how the timing information should be displayed.
+@xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of the available formats.
+The use of @code{time} as a reserved word permits the timing of
+shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external
+@code{time} command cannot time these easily.
+
+If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (@pxref{Lists}), the
+shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete.
+
+Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell
+(@pxref{Command Execution Environment}). The exit
+status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the
+pipeline, unless the @code{pipefail} option is enabled
+(@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+If @code{pipefail} is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the
+value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status,
+or zero if all commands exit successfully.
+If the reserved word @samp{!} precedes the pipeline, the
+exit status is the logical negation of the exit status as described
+above.
+The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate before
+returning a value.
+
+@node Lists
+@subsection Lists of Commands
+@cindex commands, lists
+
+A @code{list} is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one
+of the operators @samp{;}, @samp{&}, @samp{&&}, or @samp{||},
+and optionally terminated by one of @samp{;}, @samp{&}, or a
+@code{newline}.
+
+Of these list operators, @samp{&&} and @samp{||}
+have equal precedence, followed by @samp{;} and @samp{&},
+which have equal precedence.
+
+A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a @code{list}
+to delimit commands, equivalent to a semicolon.
+
+If a command is terminated by the control operator @samp{&},
+the shell executes the command asynchronously in a subshell.
+This is known as executing the command in the @var{background}.
+The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return
+status is 0 (true).
+When job control is not active (@pxref{Job Control}),
+the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the absence of any
+explicit redirections, is redirected from @code{/dev/null}.
+
+Commands separated by a @samp{;} are executed sequentially; the shell
+waits for each command to terminate in turn. The return status is the
+exit status of the last command executed.
+
+The control operators @samp{&&} and @samp{||}
+denote @sc{and} lists and @sc{or} lists, respectively.
+An @sc{and} list has the form
+@example
+@var{command1} && @var{command2}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+@var{command2} is executed if, and only if, @var{command1}
+returns an exit status of zero.
+
+An @sc{or} list has the form
+@example
+@var{command1} || @var{command2}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+@var{command2} is executed if, and only if, @var{command1}
+returns a non-zero exit status.
+
+The return status of
+@sc{and} and @sc{or} lists is the exit status of the last command
+executed in the list.
+
+@node Compound Commands
+@subsection Compound Commands
+@cindex commands, compound
+
+@menu
+* Looping Constructs:: Shell commands for iterative action.
+* Conditional Constructs:: Shell commands for conditional execution.
+* Command Grouping:: Ways to group commands.
+@end menu
+
+Compound commands are the shell programming constructs.
+Each construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is
+terminated by a corresponding reserved word or operator.
+Any redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) associated with a compound command
+apply to all commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden.
+
+Bash provides looping constructs, conditional commands, and mechanisms
+to group commands and execute them as a unit.
+
+@node Looping Constructs
+@subsubsection Looping Constructs
+@cindex commands, looping
+
+Bash supports the following looping constructs.
+
+Note that wherever a @samp{;} appears in the description of a
+command's syntax, it may be replaced with one or more newlines.
+
+@table @code
+@item until
+@rwindex until
+@rwindex do
+@rwindex done
+The syntax of the @code{until} command is:
+@example
+until @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done
+@end example
+Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as
+@var{test-commands} has an exit status which is not zero.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed
+in @var{consequent-commands}, or zero if none was executed.
+
+@item while
+@rwindex while
+The syntax of the @code{while} command is:
+@example
+while @var{test-commands}; do @var{consequent-commands}; done
+@end example
+
+Execute @var{consequent-commands} as long as
+@var{test-commands} has an exit status of zero.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed
+in @var{consequent-commands}, or zero if none was executed.
+
+@item for
+@rwindex for
+The syntax of the @code{for} command is:
+
+@example
+for @var{name} [in @var{words} @dots{}]; do @var{commands}; done
+@end example
+Expand @var{words}, and execute @var{commands} once for each member
+in the resultant list, with @var{name} bound to the current member.
+If @samp{in @var{words}} is not present, the @code{for} command
+executes the @var{commands} once for each positional parameter that is
+set, as if @samp{in "$@@"} had been specified
+(@pxref{Special Parameters}).
+The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.
+If there are no items in the expansion of @var{words}, no commands are
+executed, and the return status is zero.
+
+An alternate form of the @code{for} command is also supported:
+
+@example
+for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} )) ; do @var{commands} ; done
+@end example
+First, the arithmetic expression @var{expr1} is evaluated according
+to the rules described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+The arithmetic expression @var{expr2} is then evaluated repeatedly
+until it evaluates to zero.
+Each time @var{expr2} evaluates to a non-zero value, @var{commands} are
+executed and the arithmetic expression @var{expr3} is evaluated.
+If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
+The return value is the exit status of the last command in @var{list}
+that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
+
+@end table
+
+The @code{break} and @code{continue} builtins (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
+may be used to control loop execution.
+
+@node Conditional Constructs
+@subsubsection Conditional Constructs
+@cindex commands, conditional
+
+@table @code
+@item if
+@rwindex if
+@rwindex then
+@rwindex else
+@rwindex elif
+@rwindex fi
+The syntax of the @code{if} command is:
+
+@example
+if @var{test-commands}; then
+ @var{consequent-commands};
+[elif @var{more-test-commands}; then
+ @var{more-consequents};]
+[else @var{alternate-consequents};]
+fi
+@end example
+
+The @var{test-commands} list is executed, and if its return status is zero,
+the @var{consequent-commands} list is executed.
+If @var{test-commands} returns a non-zero status, each @code{elif} list
+is executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero,
+the corresponding @var{more-consequents} is executed and the
+command completes.
+If @samp{else @var{alternate-consequents}} is present, and
+the final command in the final @code{if} or @code{elif} clause
+has a non-zero exit status, then @var{alternate-consequents} is executed.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or
+zero if no condition tested true.
+
+@item case
+@rwindex case
+@rwindex in
+@rwindex esac
+The syntax of the @code{case} command is:
+
+@example
+@code{case @var{word} in [ [(] @var{pattern} [| @var{pattern}]@dots{}) @var{command-list} ;;]@dots{} esac}
+@end example
+
+@code{case} will selectively execute the @var{command-list} corresponding to
+the first @var{pattern} that matches @var{word}.
+The @samp{|} is used to separate multiple patterns, and the @samp{)}
+operator terminates a pattern list.
+A list of patterns and an associated command-list is known
+as a @var{clause}. Each clause must be terminated with @samp{;;}.
+The @var{word} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command
+substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal before matching is
+attempted. Each @var{pattern} undergoes tilde expansion, parameter
+expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
+
+There may be an arbitrary number of @code{case} clauses, each terminated
+by a @samp{;;}. The first pattern that matches determines the
+command-list that is executed.
+
+Here is an example using @code{case} in a script that could be used to
+describe one interesting feature of an animal:
+
+@example
+echo -n "Enter the name of an animal: "
+read ANIMAL
+echo -n "The $ANIMAL has "
+case $ANIMAL in
+ horse | dog | cat) echo -n "four";;
+ man | kangaroo ) echo -n "two";;
+ *) echo -n "an unknown number of";;
+esac
+echo " legs."
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+The return status is zero if no @var{pattern} is matched. Otherwise, the
+return status is the exit status of the @var{command-list} executed.
+
+@item select
+@rwindex select
+
+The @code{select} construct allows the easy generation of menus.
+It has almost the same syntax as the @code{for} command:
+
+@example
+select @var{name} [in @var{words} @dots{}]; do @var{commands}; done
+@end example
+
+The list of words following @code{in} is expanded, generating a list
+of items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
+error output stream, each preceded by a number. If the
+@samp{in @var{words}} is omitted, the positional parameters are printed,
+as if @samp{in "$@@"} had been specifed.
+The @env{PS3} prompt is then displayed and a line is read from the
+standard input.
+If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the displayed
+words, then the value of @var{name} is set to that word.
+If the line is empty, the words and prompt are displayed again.
+If @code{EOF} is read, the @code{select} command completes.
+Any other value read causes @var{name} to be set to null.
+The line read is saved in the variable @env{REPLY}.
+
+The @var{commands} are executed after each selection until a
+@code{break} command is executed, at which
+point the @code{select} command completes.
+
+Here is an example that allows the user to pick a filename from the
+current directory, and displays the name and index of the file
+selected.
+
+@example
+select fname in *;
+do
+ echo you picked $fname \($REPLY\)
+ break;
+done
+@end example
+
+@item ((@dots{}))
+@example
+(( @var{expression} ))
+@end example
+
+The arithmetic @var{expression} is evaluated according to the rules
+described below (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
+otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
+@example
+let "@var{expression}"
+@end example
+@noindent
+@xref{Bash Builtins}, for a full description of the @code{let} builtin.
+
+@item [[@dots{}]]
+@rwindex [[
+@rwindex ]]
+@example
+[[ @var{expression} ]]
+@end example
+
+Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of
+the conditional expression @var{expression}.
+Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
+@ref{Bash Conditional Expressions}.
+Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words
+between the @samp{[[} and @samp{]]}; tilde expansion, parameter and
+variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
+substitution, and quote removal are performed.
+Conditional operators such as @samp{-f} must be unquoted to be recognized
+as primaries.
+
+When the @samp{==} and @samp{!=} operators are used, the string to the
+right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
+to the rules described below in @ref{Pattern Matching}.
+The return value is 0 if the string matches or does not match
+the pattern, respectively, and 1 otherwise.
+Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
+string.
+
+An additional binary operator, @samp{=~}, is available, with the same
+precedence as @samp{==} and @samp{!=}.
+When it is used, the string to the right of the operator is considered
+an extended regular expression and matched accordingly (as in @i{regex}3)).
+The return value is 0 if the string matches
+the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
+If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
+expression's return value is 2.
+If the shell option @code{nocaseglob}
+(see the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{Bash Builtins})
+is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
+of alphabetic characters.
+Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
+expression are saved in the array variable @code{BASH_REMATCH}.
+The element of @code{BASH_REMATCH} with index 0 is the portion of the string
+matching the entire regular expression.
+The element of @code{BASH_REMATCH} with index @var{n} is the portion of the
+string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized subexpression.
+
+Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
+in decreasing order of precedence:
+
+@table @code
+@item ( @var{expression} )
+Returns the value of @var{expression}.
+This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
+
+@item ! @var{expression}
+True if @var{expression} is false.
+
+@item @var{expression1} && @var{expression2}
+True if both @var{expression1} and @var{expression2} are true.
+
+@item @var{expression1} || @var{expression2}
+True if either @var{expression1} or @var{expression2} is true.
+@end table
+@noindent
+The @code{&&} and @code{||} operators do not evaluate @var{expression2} if the
+value of @var{expression1} is sufficient to determine the return
+value of the entire conditional expression.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Command Grouping
+@subsubsection Grouping Commands
+@cindex commands, grouping
+
+Bash provides two ways to group a list of commands to be executed
+as a unit. When commands are grouped, redirections may be applied
+to the entire command list. For example, the output of all the
+commands in the list may be redirected to a single stream.
+
+@table @code
+@item ()
+@example
+( @var{list} )
+@end example
+
+Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell
+environment to be created (@pxref{Command Execution Environment}), and each
+of the commands in @var{list} to be executed in that subshell. Since the
+@var{list} is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in
+effect after the subshell completes.
+
+@item @{@}
+@rwindex @{
+@rwindex @}
+@example
+@{ @var{list}; @}
+@end example
+
+Placing a list of commands between curly braces causes the list to
+be executed in the current shell context. No subshell is created.
+The semicolon (or newline) following @var{list} is required.
+@end table
+
+In addition to the creation of a subshell, there is a subtle difference
+between these two constructs due to historical reasons. The braces
+are @code{reserved words}, so they must be separated from the @var{list}
+by @code{blank}s. The parentheses are @code{operators}, and are
+recognized as separate tokens by the shell even if they are not separated
+from the @var{list} by whitespace.
+
+The exit status of both of these constructs is the exit status of
+@var{list}.
+
+@node Shell Functions
+@section Shell Functions
+@cindex shell function
+@cindex functions, shell
+
+Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution
+using a single name for the group. They are executed just like
+a "regular" command.
+When the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name,
+the list of commands associated with that function name is executed.
+Shell functions are executed in the current
+shell context; no new process is created to interpret them.
+
+Functions are declared using this syntax:
+@rwindex function
+@example
+[ @code{function} ] @var{name} () @var{compound-command} [ @var{redirections} ]
+@end example
+
+This defines a shell function named @var{name}. The reserved
+word @code{function} is optional.
+If the @code{function} reserved
+word is supplied, the parentheses are optional.
+The @var{body} of the function is the compound command
+@var{compound-command} (@pxref{Compound Commands}).
+That command is usually a @var{list} enclosed between @{ and @}, but
+may be any compound command listed above.
+@var{compound-command} is executed whenever @var{name} is specified as the
+name of a command.
+Any redirections (@pxref{Redirections}) associated with the shell function
+are performed when the function is executed.
+
+The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
+occurs or a readonly function with the same name already exists.
+When executed, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
+last command executed in the body.
+
+Note that for historical reasons, in the most common usage the curly braces
+that surround the body of the function must be separated from the body by
+@code{blank}s or newlines.
+This is because the braces are reserved words and are only recognized
+as such when they are separated by whitespace.
+Also, when using the braces, the @var{list} must be terminated by a semicolon,
+a @samp{&}, or a newline.
+
+When a function is executed, the arguments to the
+function become the positional parameters
+during its execution (@pxref{Positional Parameters}).
+The special parameter @samp{#} that expands to the number of
+positional parameters is updated to reflect the change.
+Positional parameter @code{0} is unchanged.
+The first element of the @env{FUNCNAME} variable is set to the
+name of the function while the function is executing.
+All other aspects of the shell execution
+environment are identical between a function and its caller
+with the exception that the @env{DEBUG} trap
+below) is not inherited unless the function has been given the
+@code{trace} attribute using the @code{declare} builtin or
+the @code{-o functrace} option has been enabled with
+the @code{set} builtin,
+(in which case all functions inherit the @code{DEBUG} trap).
+@xref{Bourne Shell Builtins}, for the description of the
+@code{trap} builtin.
+
+If the builtin command @code{return}
+is executed in a function, the function completes and
+execution resumes with the next command after the function
+call.
+Any command associated with the @code{RETURN} trap is executed
+before execution resumes.
+When a function completes, the values of the
+positional parameters and the special parameter @samp{#}
+are restored to the values they had prior to the function's
+execution. If a numeric argument is given to @code{return},
+that is the function's return status; otherwise the function's
+return status is the exit status of the last command executed
+before the @code{return}.
+
+Variables local to the function may be declared with the
+@code{local} builtin. These variables are visible only to
+the function and the commands it invokes.
+
+Function names and definitions may be listed with the
+@option{-f} option to the @code{declare} or @code{typeset}
+builtin commands (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+The @option{-F} option to @code{declare} or @code{typeset}
+will list the function names only
+(and optionally the source file and line number, if the @code{extdebug}
+shell option is enabled).
+Functions may be exported so that subshells
+automatically have them defined with the
+@option{-f} option to the @code{export} builtin
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
+in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
+shell's children.
+Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
+
+Functions may be recursive. No limit is placed on the number of
+recursive calls.
+
+@node Shell Parameters
+@section Shell Parameters
+@cindex parameters
+@cindex variable, shell
+@cindex shell variable
+
+@menu
+* Positional Parameters:: The shell's command-line arguments.
+* Special Parameters:: Parameters denoted by special characters.
+@end menu
+
+A @var{parameter} is an entity that stores values.
+It can be a @code{name}, a number, or one of the special characters
+listed below.
+A @var{variable} is a parameter denoted by a @code{name}.
+A variable has a @var{value} and zero or more @var{attributes}.
+Attributes are assigned using the @code{declare} builtin command
+(see the description of the @code{declare} builtin in @ref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
+a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
+the @code{unset} builtin command.
+
+A variable may be assigned to by a statement of the form
+@example
+@var{name}=[@var{value}]
+@end example
+@noindent
+If @var{value}
+is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
+@var{value}s undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+removal (detailed below). If the variable has its @code{integer}
+attribute set, then @var{value}
+is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the @code{$((@dots{}))}
+expansion is not used (@pxref{Arithmetic Expansion}).
+Word splitting is not performed, with the exception
+of @code{"$@@"} as explained below.
+Filename expansion is not performed.
+Assignment statements may also appear as arguments to the
+@code{alias},
+@code{declare}, @code{typeset}, @code{export}, @code{readonly},
+and @code{local} builtin commands.
+
+@node Positional Parameters
+@subsection Positional Parameters
+@cindex parameters, positional
+
+A @var{positional parameter} is a parameter denoted by one or more
+digits, other than the single digit @code{0}. Positional parameters are
+assigned from the shell's arguments when it is invoked,
+and may be reassigned using the @code{set} builtin command.
+Positional parameter @code{N} may be referenced as @code{$@{N@}}, or
+as @code{$N} when @code{N} consists of a single digit.
+Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.
+The @code{set} and @code{shift} builtins are used to set and
+unset them (@pxref{Shell Builtin Commands}).
+The positional parameters are
+temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed
+(@pxref{Shell Functions}).
+
+When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single
+digit is expanded, it must be enclosed in braces.
+
+@node Special Parameters
+@subsection Special Parameters
+@cindex parameters, special
+
+The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
+
+@vtable @code
+
+@item *
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a single word
+with the value of each parameter separated by the first character
+of the @env{IFS}
+special variable. That is, @code{"$*"} is equivalent
+to @code{"$1@var{c}$2@var{c}@dots{}"}, where @var{c}
+is the first character of the value of the @code{IFS}
+variable.
+If @env{IFS} is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces.
+If @env{IFS} is null, the parameters are joined without intervening
+separators.
+
+
+@item @@
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
+separate word. That is, @code{"$@@"} is equivalent to
+@code{"$1" "$2" @dots{}}.
+When there are no positional parameters, @code{"$@@"} and
+@code{$@@}
+expand to nothing (i.e., they are removed).
+
+@item #
+Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
+
+@item ?
+Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed foreground
+pipeline.
+
+@item -
+(A hyphen.) Expands to the current option flags as specified upon
+invocation, by the @code{set}
+builtin command, or those set by the shell itself
+(such as the @option{-i} option).
+
+@item $
+Expands to the process @sc{id} of the shell. In a @code{()} subshell, it
+expands to the process @sc{id} of the invoking shell, not the subshell.
+
+@item !
+Expands to the process @sc{id} of the most recently executed background
+(asynchronous) command.
+
+@item 0
+Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
+shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands
+(@pxref{Shell Scripts}), @code{$0} is set to the name of that file.
+If Bash is started with the @option{-c} option (@pxref{Invoking Bash}),
+then @code{$0} is set to the first argument after the string to be
+executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
+to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero.
+
+@item _
+(An underscore.)
+At shell startup, set to the absolute filename of the shell or shell
+script being executed as passed in the argument list.
+Subsequently, expands to the last argument to the previous command,
+after expansion.
+Also set to the full pathname of each command executed and placed in
+the environment exported to that command.
+When checking mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file.
+@end vtable
+
+@node Shell Expansions
+@section Shell Expansions
+@cindex expansion
+
+Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
+@code{token}s. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:
+@itemize @bullet
+@item brace expansion
+@item tilde expansion
+@item parameter and variable expansion
+@item command substitution
+@item arithmetic expansion
+@item word splitting
+@item filename expansion
+@end itemize
+
+@menu
+* Brace Expansion:: Expansion of expressions within braces.
+* Tilde Expansion:: Expansion of the ~ character.
+* Shell Parameter Expansion:: How Bash expands variables to their values.
+* Command Substitution:: Using the output of a command as an argument.
+* Arithmetic Expansion:: How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.
+* Process Substitution:: A way to write and read to and from a
+ command.
+* Word Splitting:: How the results of expansion are split into separate
+ arguments.
+* Filename Expansion:: A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.
+* Quote Removal:: How and when quote characters are removed from
+ words.
+@end menu
+
+The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion,
+parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
+command substitution
+(done in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and filename
+expansion.
+
+On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion
+available: @var{process substitution}. This is performed at the
+same time as parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
+command substitution.
+
+Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion
+can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
+expand a single word to a single word.
+The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
+@code{"$@@"} (@pxref{Special Parameters}) and @code{"$@{@var{name}[@@]@}"}
+(@pxref{Arrays}).
+
+After all expansions, @code{quote removal} (@pxref{Quote Removal})
+is performed.
+
+@node Brace Expansion
+@subsection Brace Expansion
+@cindex brace expansion
+@cindex expansion, brace
+
+Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.
+This mechanism is similar to
+@var{filename expansion} (@pxref{Filename Expansion}),
+but the file names generated need not exist.
+Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional @var{preamble},
+followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequnce expression
+between a pair of braces,
+followed by an optional @var{postscript}.
+The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within the braces, and
+the postscript is then appended to each resulting string, expanding left
+to right.
+
+Brace expansions may be nested.
+The results of each expanded string are not sorted; left to right order
+is preserved.
+For example,
+@example
+bash$ echo a@{d,c,b@}e
+ade ace abe
+@end example
+
+A sequence expression takes the form @code{@{@var{x}..@var{y}@}},
+where @var{x} and @var{y} are either integers or single characters.
+When integers are supplied, the expression expands to each number between
+@var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive.
+When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each character
+lexicographically between @var{x} and @var{y}, inclusive. Note that
+both @var{x} and @var{y} must be of the same type.
+
+Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions,
+and any characters special to other expansions are preserved
+in the result. It is strictly textual. Bash
+does not apply any syntactic interpretation to the context of the
+expansion or the text between the braces.
+To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string @samp{$@{}
+is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
+
+A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening
+and closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid
+sequence expression.
+Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
+
+A @{ or @samp{,} may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its
+being considered part of a brace expression.
+To avoid conflicts with parameter expansion, the string @samp{$@{}
+is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
+
+This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common
+prefix of the strings to be generated is longer than in the
+above example:
+@example
+mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/@{old,new,dist,bugs@}
+@end example
+or
+@example
+chown root /usr/@{ucb/@{ex,edit@},lib/@{ex?.?*,how_ex@}@}
+@end example
+
+@node Tilde Expansion
+@subsection Tilde Expansion
+@cindex tilde expansion
+@cindex expansion, tilde
+
+If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (@samp{~}), all of the
+characters up to the first unquoted slash (or all characters,
+if there is no unquoted slash) are considered a @var{tilde-prefix}.
+If none of the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the
+characters in the tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a
+possible @var{login name}.
+If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+value of the @env{HOME} shell variable.
+If @env{HOME} is unset, the home directory of the user executing the
+shell is substituted instead.
+Otherwise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory
+associated with the specified login name.
+
+If the tilde-prefix is @samp{~+}, the value of
+the shell variable @env{PWD} replaces the tilde-prefix.
+If the tilde-prefix is @samp{~-}, the value of the shell variable
+@env{OLDPWD}, if it is set, is substituted.
+
+If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a
+number @var{N}, optionally prefixed by a @samp{+} or a @samp{-},
+the tilde-prefix is replaced with the
+corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed
+by the @code{dirs} builtin invoked with the characters following tilde
+in the tilde-prefix as an argument (@pxref{The Directory Stack}).
+If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a number without a
+leading @samp{+} or @samp{-}, @samp{+} is assumed.
+
+If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
+left unchanged.
+
+Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately
+following a @samp{:} or @samp{=}.
+In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.
+Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in assignments to
+@env{PATH}, @env{MAILPATH}, and @env{CDPATH},
+and the shell assigns the expanded value.
+
+The following table shows how Bash treats unquoted tilde-prefixes:
+
+@table @code
+@item ~
+The value of @code{$HOME}
+@item ~/foo
+@file{$HOME/foo}
+
+@item ~fred/foo
+The subdirectory @code{foo} of the home directory of the user
+@code{fred}
+
+@item ~+/foo
+@file{$PWD/foo}
+
+@item ~-/foo
+@file{$@{OLDPWD-'~-'@}/foo}
+
+@item ~@var{N}
+The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs +@var{N}}
+
+@item ~+@var{N}
+The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs +@var{N}}
+
+@item ~-@var{N}
+The string that would be displayed by @samp{dirs -@var{N}}
+
+@end table
+
+@node Shell Parameter Expansion
+@subsection Shell Parameter Expansion
+@cindex parameter expansion
+@cindex expansion, parameter
+
+The @samp{$} character introduces parameter expansion,
+command substitution, or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name
+or symbol to be expanded may be enclosed in braces, which
+are optional but serve to protect the variable to be expanded from
+characters immediately following it which could be
+interpreted as part of the name.
+
+When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first @samp{@}}
+not escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
+embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
+expansion.
+
+The basic form of parameter expansion is $@{@var{parameter}@}.
+The value of @var{parameter} is substituted. The braces are required
+when @var{parameter}
+is a positional parameter with more than one digit,
+or when @var{parameter}
+is followed by a character that is not to be
+interpreted as part of its name.
+
+If the first character of @var{parameter} is an exclamation point,
+a level of variable indirection is introduced.
+Bash uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of
+@var{parameter} as the name of the variable; this variable is then
+expanded and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather
+than the value of @var{parameter} itself.
+This is known as @code{indirect expansion}.
+The exceptions to this are the expansions of $@{!@var{prefix*}@}
+and $@{!@var{name}[@@]@}
+described below.
+The exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
+introduce indirection.
+
+In each of the cases below, @var{word} is subject to tilde expansion,
+parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
+
+When not performing substring expansion, Bash tests for a parameter
+that is unset or null; omitting the colon results in a test only for a
+parameter that is unset. Put another way, if the colon is included,
+the operator tests for both existence and that the value is not null;
+if the colon is omitted, the operator tests only for existence.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}:@minus{}@var{word}@}
+If @var{parameter} is unset or null, the expansion of
+@var{word} is substituted. Otherwise, the value of
+@var{parameter} is substituted.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}:=@var{word}@}
+If @var{parameter}
+is unset or null, the expansion of @var{word}
+is assigned to @var{parameter}.
+The value of @var{parameter}
+is then substituted. Positional parameters and special parameters may
+not be assigned to in this way.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}:?@var{word}@}
+If @var{parameter}
+is null or unset, the expansion of @var{word} (or a message
+to that effect if @var{word}
+is not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if it
+is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of @var{parameter} is
+substituted.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}:+@var{word}@}
+If @var{parameter}
+is null or unset, nothing is substituted, otherwise the expansion of
+@var{word} is substituted.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}:@var{offset}@}
+@itemx $@{@var{parameter}:@var{offset}:@var{length}@}
+Expands to up to @var{length} characters of @var{parameter}
+starting at the character specified by @var{offset}.
+If @var{length} is omitted, expands to the substring of
+@var{parameter} starting at the character specified by @var{offset}.
+@var{length} and @var{offset} are arithmetic expressions
+(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
+
+@var{length} must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
+If @var{offset} evaluates to a number less than zero, the value
+is used as an offset from the end of the value of @var{parameter}.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@}, the result is @var{length} positional
+parameters beginning at @var{offset}.
+If @var{parameter} is an array name indexed by @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the result is the @var{length}
+members of the array beginning with @code{$@{@var{parameter}[@var{offset}]@}}.
+Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters
+are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1.
+
+@item $@{!@var{prefix}*@}
+@itemx $@{!@var{prefix}@@@}
+Expands to the names of variables whose names begin with @var{prefix},
+separated by the first character of the @env{IFS} special variable.
+
+@item $@{!@var{name}[@@]@}
+@itemx $@{!@var{name}[*]@}
+If @var{name} is an array variable, expands to the list of array indices
+(keys) assigned in @var{name}.
+If @var{name} is not an array, expands to 0 if @var{name} is set and null
+otherwise.
+When @samp{@@} is used and the expansion appears within double quotes, each
+key expands to a separate word.
+
+@item $@{#@var{parameter}@}
+The length in characters of the expanded value of @var{parameter} is
+substituted.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{*} or @samp{@@}, the value substituted
+is the number of positional parameters.
+If @var{parameter} is an array name subscripted by @samp{*} or @samp{@@},
+the value substituted is the number of elements in the array.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}#@var{word}@}
+@itemx $@{@var{parameter}##@var{word}@}
+The @var{word}
+is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename
+expansion (@pxref{Filename Expansion}). If the pattern matches
+the beginning of the expanded value of @var{parameter},
+then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of @var{parameter}
+with the shortest matching pattern (the @samp{#} case) or the
+longest matching pattern (the @samp{##} case) deleted.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If @var{parameter} is an array variable subscripted with
+@samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}%@var{word}@}
+@itemx $@{@var{parameter}%%@var{word}@}
+The @var{word} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+filename expansion.
+If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of
+@var{parameter}, then the result of the expansion is the value of
+@var{parameter} with the shortest matching pattern (the @samp{%} case)
+or the longest matching pattern (the @samp{%%} case) deleted.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If @var{parameter}
+is an array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+
+@item $@{@var{parameter}/@var{pattern}/@var{string}@}
+@itemx $@{@var{parameter}//@var{pattern}/@var{string}@}
+
+The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
+filename expansion.
+@var{Parameter} is expanded and the longest match of @var{pattern}
+against its value is replaced with @var{string}.
+In the first form, only the first match is replaced.
+The second form causes all matches of @var{pattern} to be
+replaced with @var{string}.
+If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{#}, it must match at the beginning
+of the expanded value of @var{parameter}.
+If @var{pattern} begins with @samp{%}, it must match at the end
+of the expanded value of @var{parameter}.
+If @var{string} is null, matches of @var{pattern} are deleted
+and the @code{/} following @var{pattern} may be omitted.
+If @var{parameter} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the substitution operation is applied to each positional
+parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+If @var{parameter}
+is an array variable subscripted with @samp{@@} or @samp{*},
+the substitution operation is applied to each member of the
+array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Command Substitution
+@subsection Command Substitution
+@cindex command substitution
+
+Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace
+the command itself.
+Command substitution occurs when a command is enclosed as follows:
+@example
+$(@var{command})
+@end example
+@noindent
+or
+@example
+`@var{command}`
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Bash performs the expansion by executing @var{command} and
+replacing the command substitution with the standard output of the
+command, with any trailing newlines deleted.
+Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they may be removed during
+word splitting.
+The command substitution @code{$(cat @var{file})} can be
+replaced by the equivalent but faster @code{$(< @var{file})}.
+
+When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used,
+backslash retains its literal meaning except when followed by
+@samp{$}, @samp{`}, or @samp{\}.
+The first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the
+command substitution.
+When using the @code{$(@var{command})} form, all characters between
+the parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
+
+Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
+form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
+
+If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+filename expansion are not performed on the results.
+
+@node Arithmetic Expansion
+@subsection Arithmetic Expansion
+@cindex expansion, arithmetic
+@cindex arithmetic expansion
+
+Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expansion is:
+
+@example
+$(( @var{expression} ))
+@end example
+
+The expression is treated as if it were within double quotes, but
+a double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially.
+All tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, command
+substitution, and quote removal.
+Arithmetic expansions may be nested.
+
+The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
+(@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating
+failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs.
+
+@node Process Substitution
+@subsection Process Substitution
+@cindex process substitution
+
+Process substitution is supported on systems that support named
+pipes (@sc{fifo}s) or the @file{/dev/fd} method of naming open files.
+It takes the form of
+@example
+<(@var{list})
+@end example
+@noindent
+or
+@example
+>(@var{list})
+@end example
+@noindent
+The process @var{list} is run with its input or output connected to a
+@sc{fifo} or some file in @file{/dev/fd}. The name of this file is
+passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
+expansion. If the @code{>(@var{list})} form is used, writing to
+the file will provide input for @var{list}. If the
+@code{<(@var{list})} form is used, the file passed as an
+argument should be read to obtain the output of @var{list}.
+Note that no space may appear between the @code{<} or @code{>}
+and the left parenthesis, otherwise the construct would be interpreted
+as a redirection.
+
+When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+expansion.
+
+@node Word Splitting
+@subsection Word Splitting
+@cindex word splitting
+
+The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution,
+and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes for
+word splitting.
+
+The shell treats each character of @env{$IFS}
+as a delimiter, and splits the results of the other
+expansions into words on these characters. If
+@env{IFS} is unset, or its value is exactly @code{<space><tab><newline>},
+the default, then any sequence of @env{IFS}
+characters serves to delimit words. If @env{IFS}
+has a value other than the default, then sequences of
+the whitespace characters @code{space} and @code{tab}
+are ignored at the beginning and end of the
+word, as long as the whitespace character is in the
+value of @env{IFS} (an @env{IFS} whitespace character).
+Any character in @env{IFS} that is not @env{IFS}
+whitespace, along with any adjacent @env{IFS}
+whitespace characters, delimits a field. A sequence of @env{IFS}
+whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
+If the value of @env{IFS} is null, no word splitting occurs.
+
+Explicit null arguments (@code{""} or @code{''}) are retained.
+Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the expansion of
+parameters that have no values, are removed.
+If a parameter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a
+null argument results and is retained.
+
+Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting
+is performed.
+
+@node Filename Expansion
+@subsection Filename Expansion
+@menu
+* Pattern Matching:: How the shell matches patterns.
+@end menu
+@cindex expansion, filename
+@cindex expansion, pathname
+@cindex filename expansion
+@cindex pathname expansion
+
+After word splitting, unless the @option{-f} option has been set
+(@pxref{The Set Builtin}), Bash scans each word for the characters
+@samp{*}, @samp{?}, and @samp{[}.
+If one of these characters appears, then the word is
+regarded as a @var{pattern},
+and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of
+file names matching the pattern. If no matching file names are found,
+and the shell option @code{nullglob} is disabled, the word is left
+unchanged.
+If the @code{nullglob} option is set, and no matches are found, the word
+is removed.
+If the @code{failglob} shell option is set, and no matches are found,
+an error message is printed and the command is not executed.
+If the shell option @code{nocaseglob} is enabled, the match is performed
+without regard to the case of alphabetic characters.
+
+When a pattern is used for filename generation, the character @samp{.}
+at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash
+must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option @code{dotglob} is set.
+When matching a file name, the slash character must always be
+matched explicitly.
+In other cases, the @samp{.} character is not treated specially.
+
+See the description of @code{shopt} in @ref{Bash Builtins},
+for a description of the @code{nocaseglob}, @code{nullglob},
+@code{failglob}, and @code{dotglob} options.
+
+The @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+shell variable may be used to restrict the set of filenames matching a
+pattern. If @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in
+@env{GLOBIGNORE} is removed from the list of matches. The filenames
+@file{.} and @file{..}
+are always ignored when @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+is set and not null.
+However, setting @env{GLOBIGNORE} to a non-null value has the effect of
+enabling the @code{dotglob}
+shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a
+@samp{.} will match.
+To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a
+@samp{.}, make @samp{.*} one of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE}.
+The @code{dotglob} option is disabled when @env{GLOBIGNORE}
+is unset.
+
+@node Pattern Matching
+@subsubsection Pattern Matching
+@cindex pattern matching
+@cindex matching, pattern
+
+Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
+characters described below, matches itself.
+The @sc{nul} character may not occur in a pattern.
+A backslash escapes the following character; the
+escaping backslash is discarded when matching.
+The special pattern characters must be quoted if they are to be matched
+literally.
+
+The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
+@table @code
+@item *
+Matches any string, including the null string.
+@item ?
+Matches any single character.
+@item [@dots{}]
+Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of characters
+separated by a hyphen denotes a @var{range expression};
+any character that sorts between those two characters, inclusive,
+using the current locale's collating sequence and character set,
+is matched. If the first character following the
+@samp{[} is a @samp{!} or a @samp{^}
+then any character not enclosed is matched. A @samp{@minus{}}
+may be matched by including it as the first or last character
+in the set. A @samp{]} may be matched by including it as the first
+character in the set.
+The sorting order of characters in range expressions is determined by
+the current locale and the value of the @env{LC_COLLATE} shell variable,
+if set.
+
+For example, in the default C locale, @samp{[a-dx-z]} is equivalent to
+@samp{[abcdxyz]}. Many locales sort characters in dictionary order, and in
+these locales @samp{[a-dx-z]} is typically not equivalent to @samp{[abcdxyz]};
+it might be equivalent to @samp{[aBbCcDdxXyYz]}, for example. To obtain
+the traditional interpretation of ranges in bracket expressions, you can
+force the use of the C locale by setting the @env{LC_COLLATE} or
+@env{LC_ALL} environment variable to the value @samp{C}.
+
+Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, @var{character classes} can be specified
+using the syntax
+@code{[:}@var{class}@code{:]}, where @var{class} is one of the
+following classes defined in the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard:
+@example
+alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lower
+print punct space upper word xdigit
+@end example
+@noindent
+A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
+The @code{word} character class matches letters, digits, and the character
+@samp{_}.
+
+Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, an @var{equivalence class} can be
+specified using the syntax @code{[=}@var{c}@code{=]}, which
+matches all characters with the same collation weight (as defined
+by the current locale) as the character @var{c}.
+
+Within @samp{[} and @samp{]}, the syntax @code{[.}@var{symbol}@code{.]}
+matches the collating symbol @var{symbol}.
+@end table
+
+If the @code{extglob} shell option is enabled using the @code{shopt}
+builtin, several extended pattern matching operators are recognized.
+In the following description, a @var{pattern-list} is a list of one
+or more patterns separated by a @samp{|}.
+Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the following
+sub-patterns:
+
+@table @code
+@item ?(@var{pattern-list})
+Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns.
+
+@item *(@var{pattern-list})
+Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns.
+
+@item +(@var{pattern-list})
+Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns.
+
+@item @@(@var{pattern-list})
+Matches exactly one of the given patterns.
+
+@item !(@var{pattern-list})
+Matches anything except one of the given patterns.
+@end table
+
+@node Quote Removal
+@subsection Quote Removal
+
+After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
+characters @samp{\}, @samp{'}, and @samp{"} that did not
+result from one of the above expansions are removed.
+
+@node Redirections
+@section Redirections
+@cindex redirection
+
+Before a command is executed, its input and output
+may be @var{redirected}
+using a special notation interpreted by the shell.
+Redirection may also be used to open and close files for the
+current shell execution environment. The following redirection
+operators may precede or appear anywhere within a
+simple command or may follow a command.
+Redirections are processed in the order they appear, from
+left to right.
+
+In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is
+omitted, and the first character of the redirection operator is
+@samp{<}, the redirection refers to the standard input (file
+descriptor 0). If the first character of the redirection operator
+is @samp{>}, the redirection refers to the standard output (file
+descriptor 1).
+
+The word following the redirection operator in the following
+descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion,
+tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, quote removal, filename expansion, and word splitting.
+If it expands to more than one word, Bash reports an error.
+
+Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example,
+the command
+@example
+ls > @var{dirlist} 2>&1
+@end example
+@noindent
+directs both standard output (file descriptor 1) and standard error
+(file descriptor 2) to the file @var{dirlist}, while the command
+@example
+ls 2>&1 > @var{dirlist}
+@end example
+@noindent
+directs only the standard output to file @var{dirlist},
+because the standard error was duplicated as standard output
+before the standard output was redirected to @var{dirlist}.
+
+Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
+redirections, as described in the following table:
+
+@table @code
+@item /dev/fd/@var{fd}
+If @var{fd} is a valid integer, file descriptor @var{fd} is duplicated.
+
+@item /dev/stdin
+File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
+
+@item /dev/stdout
+File descriptor 1 is duplicated.
+
+@item /dev/stderr
+File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
+
+@item /dev/tcp/@var{host}/@var{port}
+If @var{host} is a valid hostname or Internet address, and @var{port}
+is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a TCP
+connection to the corresponding socket.
+
+@item /dev/udp/@var{host}/@var{port}
+If @var{host} is a valid hostname or Internet address, and @var{port}
+is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a UDP
+connection to the corresponding socket.
+
+@end table
+
+A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
+
+@subsection Redirecting Input
+Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of @var{word}
+to be opened for reading on file descriptor @code{n},
+or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if @code{n}
+is not specified.
+
+The general format for redirecting input is:
+@example
+[@var{n}]<@var{word}
+@end example
+
+@subsection Redirecting Output
+Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of @var{word}
+to be opened for writing on file descriptor @var{n},
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n}
+is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created;
+if it does exist it is truncated to zero size.
+
+The general format for redirecting output is:
+@example
+[@var{n}]>[|]@var{word}
+@end example
+
+If the redirection operator is @samp{>}, and the @code{noclobber}
+option to the @code{set} builtin has been enabled, the redirection
+will fail if the file whose name results from the expansion of
+@var{word} exists and is a regular file.
+If the redirection operator is @samp{>|}, or the redirection operator is
+@samp{>} and the @code{noclobber} option is not enabled, the redirection
+is attempted even if the file named by @var{word} exists.
+
+@subsection Appending Redirected Output
+Redirection of output in this fashion
+causes the file whose name results from
+the expansion of @var{word}
+to be opened for appending on file descriptor @var{n},
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n}
+is not specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
+
+The general format for appending output is:
+@example
+[@var{n}]>>@var{word}
+@end example
+
+@subsection Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error
+Bash allows both the
+standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
+to be redirected to the file whose name is the
+expansion of @var{word} with this construct.
+
+There are two formats for redirecting standard output and
+standard error:
+@example
+&>@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+and
+@example
+>&@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+Of the two forms, the first is preferred.
+This is semantically equivalent to
+@example
+>@var{word} 2>&1
+@end example
+
+@subsection Here Documents
+This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+current source until a line containing only @var{word}
+(with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of
+the lines read up to that point are then used as the standard
+input for a command.
+
+The format of here-documents is:
+@example
+<<[@minus{}]@var{word}
+ @var{here-document}
+@var{delimiter}
+@end example
+
+No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+or filename expansion is performed on
+@var{word}. If any characters in @var{word} are quoted, the
+@var{delimiter} is the result of quote removal on @var{word},
+and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.
+If @var{word} is unquoted,
+all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion,
+command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter
+case, the character sequence @code{\newline} is ignored, and @samp{\}
+must be used to quote the characters
+@samp{\}, @samp{$}, and @samp{`}.
+
+If the redirection operator is @samp{<<-},
+then all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and the
+line containing @var{delimiter}.
+This allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a
+natural fashion.
+
+@subsection Here Strings
+A variant of here documents, the format is:
+@example
+<<< @var{word}
+@end example
+
+The @var{word} is expanded and supplied to the command on its standard
+input.
+
+@subsection Duplicating File Descriptors
+The redirection operator
+@example
+[@var{n}]<&@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+is used to duplicate input file descriptors.
+If @var{word}
+expands to one or more digits, the file descriptor denoted by @var{n}
+is made to be a copy of that file descriptor.
+If the digits in @var{word} do not specify a file descriptor open for
+input, a redirection error occurs.
+If @var{word}
+evaluates to @samp{-}, file descriptor @var{n} is closed. If
+@var{n} is not specified, the standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
+
+The operator
+@example
+[@var{n}]>&@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If
+@var{n} is not specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used.
+If the digits in @var{word} do not specify a file descriptor open for
+output, a redirection error occurs.
+As a special case, if @var{n} is omitted, and @var{word} does not
+expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
+error are redirected as described previously.
+
+@subsection Moving File Descriptors
+The redirection operator
+@example
+[@var{n}]<&@var{digit}-
+@end example
+@noindent
+moves the file descriptor @var{digit} to file descriptor @var{n},
+or the standard input (file descriptor 0) if @var{n} is not specified.
+@var{digit} is closed after being duplicated to @var{n}.
+
+Similarly, the redirection operator
+@example
+[@var{n}]>&@var{digit}-
+@end example
+@noindent
+moves the file descriptor @var{digit} to file descriptor @var{n},
+or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if @var{n} is not specified.
+
+@subsection Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
+The redirection operator
+@example
+[@var{n}]<>@var{word}
+@end example
+@noindent
+causes the file whose name is the expansion of @var{word}
+to be opened for both reading and writing on file descriptor
+@var{n}, or on file descriptor 0 if @var{n}
+is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
+
+@node Executing Commands
+@section Executing Commands
+
+@menu
+* Simple Command Expansion:: How Bash expands simple commands before
+ executing them.
+
+* Command Search and Execution:: How Bash finds commands and runs them.
+
+* Command Execution Environment:: The environment in which Bash
+ executes commands that are not
+ shell builtins.
+
+* Environment:: The environment given to a command.
+
+* Exit Status:: The status returned by commands and how Bash
+ interprets it.
+
+* Signals:: What happens when Bash or a command it runs
+ receives a signal.
+
+@end menu
+
+@node Simple Command Expansion
+@subsection Simple Command Expansion
+@cindex command expansion
+
+When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
+expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments (those
+preceding the command name) and redirections are saved for later
+processing.
+
+@item
+The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+expanded (@pxref{Shell Expansions}).
+If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are
+the arguments.
+
+@item
+Redirections are performed as described above (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item
+The text after the @samp{=} in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
+expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
+and quote removal before being assigned to the variable.
+@end enumerate
+
+If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
+shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environment
+of the executed command and do not affect the current shell environment.
+If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a readonly variable,
+an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-zero status.
+
+If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
+affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+command to exit with a non-zero status.
+
+If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expansions
+contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command is
+the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If there
+were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of zero.
+
+@node Command Search and Execution
+@subsection Command Search and Execution
+@cindex command execution
+@cindex command search
+
+After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
+simple command and an optional list of arguments, the following
+actions are taken.
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
+locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
+function is invoked as described in @ref{Shell Functions}.
+
+@item
+If the name does not match a function, the shell searches for
+it in the list of shell builtins. If a match is found, that
+builtin is invoked.
+
+@item
+If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin,
+and contains no slashes, Bash searches each element of
+@env{$PATH} for a directory containing an executable file
+by that name. Bash uses a hash table to remember the full
+pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple @env{PATH} searches
+(see the description of @code{hash} in @ref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+A full search of the directories in @env{$PATH}
+is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
+If the search is unsuccessful, the shell prints an error
+message and returns an exit status of 127.
+
+@item
+If the search is successful, or if the command name contains
+one or more slashes, the shell executes the named program in
+a separate execution environment.
+Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remaining arguments
+to the command are set to the arguments supplied, if any.
+
+@item
+If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
+format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a
+@var{shell script} and the shell executes it as described in
+@ref{Shell Scripts}.
+
+@item
+If the command was not begun asynchronously, the shell waits for
+the command to complete and collects its exit status.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Command Execution Environment
+@subsection Command Execution Environment
+@cindex execution environment
+
+The shell has an @var{execution environment}, which consists of the
+following:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+redirections supplied to the @code{exec} builtin
+
+@item
+the current working directory as set by @code{cd}, @code{pushd}, or
+@code{popd}, or inherited by the shell at invocation
+
+@item
+the file creation mode mask as set by @code{umask} or inherited from
+the shell's parent
+
+@item
+current traps set by @code{trap}
+
+@item
+shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with @code{set}
+or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
+
+@item
+shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the shell's
+parent in the environment
+
+@item
+options enabled at invocation (either by default or with command-line
+arguments) or by @code{set}
+
+@item
+options enabled by @code{shopt}
+
+@item
+shell aliases defined with @code{alias} (@pxref{Aliases})
+
+@item
+various process @sc{id}s, including those of background jobs
+(@pxref{Lists}), the value of @code{$$}, and the value of
+@env{$PPID}
+
+@end itemize
+
+When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function
+is to be executed, it
+is invoked in a separate execution environment that consists of
+the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inherited
+from the shell.
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions specified
+by redirections to the command
+
+@item
+the current working directory
+
+@item
+the file creation mode mask
+
+@item
+shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables
+exported for the command, passed in the environment (@pxref{Environment})
+
+@item
+traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from the
+shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
+
+@end itemize
+
+A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+shell's execution environment.
+
+Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses,
+and asynchronous commands are invoked in a
+subshell environment that is a duplicate of the shell environment,
+except that traps caught by the shell are reset to the values
+that the shell inherited from its parent at invocation. Builtin
+commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also executed
+in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell environment
+cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
+
+If a command is followed by a @samp{&} and job control is not active, the
+default standard input for the command is the empty file @file{/dev/null}.
+Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the calling
+shell as modified by redirections.
+
+@node Environment
+@subsection Environment
+@cindex environment
+
+When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
+called the @var{environment}.
+This is a list of name-value pairs, of the form @code{name=value}.
+
+Bash provides several ways to manipulate the environment.
+On invocation, the shell scans its own environment and
+creates a parameter for each name found, automatically marking
+it for @var{export}
+to child processes. Executed commands inherit the environment.
+The @code{export} and @samp{declare -x}
+commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter
+in the environment is modified, the new value becomes part
+of the environment, replacing the old. The environment
+inherited by any executed command consists of the shell's
+initial environment, whose values may be modified in the shell,
+less any pairs removed by the @code{unset} and @samp{export -n}
+commands, plus any additions via the @code{export} and
+@samp{declare -x} commands.
+
+The environment for any simple command
+or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with
+parameter assignments, as described in @ref{Shell Parameters}.
+These assignment statements affect only the environment seen
+by that command.
+
+If the @option{-k} option is set (@pxref{The Set Builtin}), then all
+parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command,
+not just those that precede the command name.
+
+When Bash invokes an external command, the variable @samp{$_}
+is set to the full path name of the command and passed to that
+command in its environment.
+
+@node Exit Status
+@subsection Exit Status
+@cindex exit status
+
+For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a
+zero exit status has succeeded.
+A non-zero exit status indicates failure.
+This seemingly counter-intuitive scheme is used so there
+is one well-defined way to indicate success and a variety of
+ways to indicate various failure modes.
+When a command terminates on a fatal signal whose number is @var{N},
+Bash uses the value 128+@var{N} as the exit status.
+
+If a command is not found, the child process created to
+execute it returns a status of 127. If a command is found
+but is not executable, the return status is 126.
+
+If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
+the exit status is greater than zero.
+
+The exit status is used by the Bash conditional commands
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}) and some of the list
+constructs (@pxref{Lists}).
+
+All of the Bash builtins return an exit status of zero if they succeed
+and a non-zero status on failure, so they may be used by the
+conditional and list constructs.
+All builtins return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage.
+
+@node Signals
+@subsection Signals
+@cindex signal handling
+
+When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+@code{SIGTERM} (so that @samp{kill 0} does not kill an interactive shell),
+and @code{SIGINT}
+is caught and handled (so that the @code{wait} builtin is interruptible).
+When Bash receives a @code{SIGINT}, it breaks out of any executing loops.
+In all cases, Bash ignores @code{SIGQUIT}.
+If job control is in effect (@pxref{Job Control}), Bash
+ignores @code{SIGTTIN}, @code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}.
+
+Non-builtin commands started by Bash have signal handlers set to the
+values inherited by the shell from its parent.
+When job control is not in effect, asynchronous commands
+ignore @code{SIGINT} and @code{SIGQUIT} in addition to these inherited
+handlers.
+Commands run as a result of
+command substitution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals
+@code{SIGTTIN}, @code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}.
+
+The shell exits by default upon receipt of a @code{SIGHUP}.
+Before exiting, an interactive shell resends the @code{SIGHUP} to
+all jobs, running or stopped.
+Stopped jobs are sent @code{SIGCONT} to ensure that they receive
+the @code{SIGHUP}.
+To prevent the shell from sending the @code{SIGHUP} signal to a
+particular job, it should be removed
+from the jobs table with the @code{disown}
+builtin (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}) or marked
+to not receive @code{SIGHUP} using @code{disown -h}.
+
+If the @code{huponexit} shell option has been set with @code{shopt}
+(@pxref{Bash Builtins}), Bash sends a @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs when
+an interactive login shell exits.
+
+If Bash is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal
+for which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until
+the command completes.
+When Bash is waiting for an asynchronous
+command via the @code{wait} builtin, the reception of a signal for
+which a trap has been set will cause the @code{wait} builtin to return
+immediately with an exit status greater than 128, immediately after
+which the trap is executed.
+
+@node Shell Scripts
+@section Shell Scripts
+@cindex shell script
+
+A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such
+a file is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash,
+and neither the @option{-c} nor @option{-s} option is supplied
+(@pxref{Invoking Bash}),
+Bash reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This
+mode of operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first
+searches for the file in the current directory, and looks in the
+directories in @env{$PATH} if not found there.
+
+When Bash runs
+a shell script, it sets the special parameter @code{0} to the name
+of the file, rather than the name of the shell, and the positional
+parameters are set to the remaining arguments, if any are given.
+If no additional arguments are supplied, the positional parameters
+are unset.
+
+A shell script may be made executable by using the @code{chmod} command
+to turn on the execute bit. When Bash finds such a file while
+searching the @env{$PATH} for a command, it spawns a subshell to
+execute it. In other words, executing
+@example
+filename @var{arguments}
+@end example
+@noindent
+is equivalent to executing
+@example
+bash filename @var{arguments}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+if @code{filename} is an executable shell script.
+This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a
+new shell had been invoked to interpret the script, with the
+exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
+(see the description of @code{hash} in @ref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
+are retained by the child.
+
+Most versions of Unix make this a part of the operating system's command
+execution mechanism. If the first line of a script begins with
+the two characters @samp{#!}, the remainder of the line specifies
+an interpreter for the program.
+Thus, you can specify Bash, @code{awk}, Perl, or some other
+interpreter and write the rest of the script file in that language.
+
+The arguments to the interpreter
+consist of a single optional argument following the interpreter
+name on the first line of the script file, followed by the name of
+the script file, followed by the rest of the arguments. Bash
+will perform this action on operating systems that do not handle it
+themselves. Note that some older versions of Unix limit the interpreter
+name and argument to a maximum of 32 characters.
+
+Bash scripts often begin with @code{#! /bin/bash} (assuming that
+Bash has been installed in @file{/bin}), since this ensures that
+Bash will be used to interpret the script, even if it is executed
+under another shell.
+
+@node Shell Builtin Commands
+@chapter Shell Builtin Commands
+
+@menu
+* Bourne Shell Builtins:: Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne
+ Shell.
+* Bash Builtins:: Table of builtins specific to Bash.
+* The Set Builtin:: This builtin is so overloaded it
+ deserves its own section.
+* Special Builtins:: Builtin commands classified specially by
+ POSIX.2.
+@end menu
+
+Builtin commands are contained within the shell itself.
+When the name of a builtin command is used as the first word of
+a simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}), the shell executes
+the command directly, without invoking another program.
+Builtin commands are necessary to implement functionality impossible
+or inconvenient to obtain with separate utilities.
+
+This section briefly the builtins which Bash inherits from
+the Bourne Shell, as well as the builtin commands which are unique
+to or have been extended in Bash.
+
+Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin
+commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control
+facilities (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}), the directory stack
+(@pxref{Directory Stack Builtins}), the command history
+(@pxref{Bash History Builtins}), and the programmable completion
+facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion Builtins}).
+
+Many of the builtins have been extended by @sc{posix} or Bash.
+
+@node Bourne Shell Builtins
+@section Bourne Shell Builtins
+
+The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell.
+These commands are implemented as specified by the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard.
+
+@table @code
+@item : @r{(a colon)}
+@btindex :
+@example
+: [@var{arguments}]
+@end example
+Do nothing beyond expanding @var{arguments} and performing redirections.
+The return status is zero.
+
+@item . @r{(a period)}
+@btindex .
+@example
+. @var{filename} [@var{arguments}]
+@end example
+Read and execute commands from the @var{filename} argument in the
+current shell context. If @var{filename} does not contain a slash,
+the @env{PATH} variable is used to find @var{filename}.
+When Bash is not in @sc{posix} mode, the current directory is searched
+if @var{filename} is not found in @env{$PATH}.
+If any @var{arguments} are supplied, they become the positional
+parameters when @var{filename} is executed. Otherwise the positional
+parameters are unchanged.
+The return status is the exit status of the last command executed, or
+zero if no commands are executed. If @var{filename} is not found, or
+cannot be read, the return status is non-zero.
+This builtin is equivalent to @code{source}.
+
+@item break
+@btindex break
+@example
+break [@var{n}]
+@end example
+Exit from a @code{for}, @code{while}, @code{until}, or @code{select} loop.
+If @var{n} is supplied, the @var{n}th enclosing loop is exited.
+@var{n} must be greater than or equal to 1.
+The return status is zero unless @var{n} is not greater than or equal to 1.
+
+@item cd
+@btindex cd
+@example
+cd [-L|-P] [@var{directory}]
+@end example
+Change the current working directory to @var{directory}.
+If @var{directory} is not given, the value of the @env{HOME} shell
+variable is used.
+If the shell variable @env{CDPATH} exists, it is used as a search path.
+If @var{directory} begins with a slash, @env{CDPATH} is not used.
+
+The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic
+links are followed by default or with the @option{-L} option.
+If @var{directory} is @samp{-}, it is equivalent to @env{$OLDPWD}.
+
+If a non-empty directory name from @env{CDPATH} is used, or if
+@samp{-} is the first argument, and the directory change is
+successful, the absolute pathname of the new working directory is
+written to the standard output.
+
+The return status is zero if the directory is successfully changed,
+non-zero otherwise.
+
+@item continue
+@btindex continue
+@example
+continue [@var{n}]
+@end example
+Resume the next iteration of an enclosing @code{for}, @code{while},
+@code{until}, or @code{select} loop.
+If @var{n} is supplied, the execution of the @var{n}th enclosing loop
+is resumed.
+@var{n} must be greater than or equal to 1.
+The return status is zero unless @var{n} is not greater than or equal to 1.
+
+@item eval
+@btindex eval
+@example
+eval [@var{arguments}]
+@end example
+The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is
+then read and executed, and its exit status returned as the exit status
+of @code{eval}.
+If there are no arguments or only empty arguments, the return status is
+zero.
+
+@item exec
+@btindex exec
+@example
+exec [-cl] [-a @var{name}] [@var{command} [@var{arguments}]]
+@end example
+If @var{command}
+is supplied, it replaces the shell without creating a new process.
+If the @option{-l} option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the
+beginning of the zeroth arg passed to @var{command}.
+This is what the @code{login} program does.
+The @option{-c} option causes @var{command} to be executed with an empty
+environment.
+If @option{-a} is supplied, the shell passes @var{name} as the zeroth
+argument to @var{command}.
+If no @var{command} is specified, redirections may be used to affect
+the current shell environment. If there are no redirection errors, the
+return status is zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero.
+
+@item exit
+@btindex exit
+@example
+exit [@var{n}]
+@end example
+Exit the shell, returning a status of @var{n} to the shell's parent.
+If @var{n} is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.
+Any trap on @code{EXIT} is executed before the shell terminates.
+
+@item export
+@btindex export
+@example
+export [-fn] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]]
+@end example
+Mark each @var{name} to be passed to child processes
+in the environment. If the @option{-f} option is supplied, the @var{name}s
+refer to shell functions; otherwise the names refer to shell variables.
+The @option{-n} option means to no longer mark each @var{name} for export.
+If no @var{names} are supplied, or if the @option{-p} option is given, a
+list of exported names is displayed.
+The @option{-p} option displays output in a form that may be reused as input.
+If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of
+the variable is set to @var{value}.
+
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
+the names is not a valid shell variable name, or @option{-f} is supplied
+with a name that is not a shell function.
+
+@item getopts
+@btindex getopts
+@example
+getopts @var{optstring} @var{name} [@var{args}]
+@end example
+@code{getopts} is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters.
+@var{optstring} contains the option characters to be recognized; if a
+character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
+argument, which should be separated from it by white space.
+The colon (@samp{:}) and question mark (@samp{?}) may not be
+used as option characters.
+Each time it is invoked, @code{getopts}
+places the next option in the shell variable @var{name}, initializing
+@var{name} if it does not exist,
+and the index of the next argument to be processed into the
+variable @env{OPTIND}.
+@env{OPTIND} is initialized to 1 each time the shell or a shell script
+is invoked.
+When an option requires an argument,
+@code{getopts} places that argument into the variable @env{OPTARG}.
+The shell does not reset @env{OPTIND} automatically; it must be manually
+reset between multiple calls to @code{getopts} within the same shell
+invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used.
+
+When the end of options is encountered, @code{getopts} exits with a
+return value greater than zero.
+@env{OPTIND} is set to the index of the first non-option argument,
+and @code{name} is set to @samp{?}.
+
+@code{getopts}
+normally parses the positional parameters, but if more arguments are
+given in @var{args}, @code{getopts} parses those instead.
+
+@code{getopts} can report errors in two ways. If the first character of
+@var{optstring} is a colon, @var{silent}
+error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages
+are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
+encountered.
+If the variable @env{OPTERR}
+is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first
+character of @code{optstring} is not a colon.
+
+If an invalid option is seen,
+@code{getopts} places @samp{?} into @var{name} and, if not silent,
+prints an error message and unsets @env{OPTARG}.
+If @code{getopts} is silent, the option character found is placed in
+@env{OPTARG} and no diagnostic message is printed.
+
+If a required argument is not found, and @code{getopts}
+is not silent, a question mark (@samp{?}) is placed in @var{name},
+@code{OPTARG} is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.
+If @code{getopts} is silent, then a colon (@samp{:}) is placed in
+@var{name} and @env{OPTARG} is set to the option character found.
+
+@item hash
+@btindex hash
+@example
+hash [-'r] [-p @var{filename}] [-dt] [@var{name}]
+@end example
+Remember the full pathnames of commands specified as @var{name} arguments,
+so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations.
+The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in
+@env{$PATH}.
+The @option{-p} option inhibits the path search, and @var{filename} is
+used as the location of @var{name}.
+The @option{-r} option causes the shell to forget all remembered locations.
+The @option{-d} option causes the shell to forget the remembered location
+of each @var{name}.
+If the @option{-t} option is supplied, the full pathname to which each
+@var{name} corresponds is printed. If multiple @var{name} arguments are
+supplied with @option{-t} the @var{name} is printed before the hashed
+full pathname.
+The @option{-l} option causes output to be displayed in a format
+that may be reused as input.
+If no arguments are given, or if only @option{-l} is supplied,
+information about remembered commands is printed.
+The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is not found or an invalid
+option is supplied.
+
+@item pwd
+@btindex pwd
+@example
+pwd [-LP]
+@end example
+Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+If the @option{-P} option is supplied, the pathname printed will not
+contain symbolic links.
+If the @option{-L} option is supplied, the pathname printed may contain
+symbolic links.
+The return status is zero unless an error is encountered while
+determining the name of the current directory or an invalid option
+is supplied.
+
+@item readonly
+@btindex readonly
+@example
+readonly [-apf] [@var{name}[=@var{value}]] @dots{}
+@end example
+Mark each @var{name} as readonly.
+The values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment.
+If the @option{-f} option is supplied, each @var{name} refers to a shell
+function.
+The @option{-a} option means each @var{name} refers to an array variable.
+If no @var{name} arguments are given, or if the @option{-p}
+option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.
+The @option{-p} option causes output to be displayed in a format that
+may be reused as input.
+If a variable name is followed by =@var{value}, the value of
+the variable is set to @var{value}.
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
+the @var{name} arguments is not a valid shell variable or function name,
+or the @option{-f} option is supplied with a name that is not a shell function.
+
+@item return
+@btindex return
+@example
+return [@var{n}]
+@end example
+Cause a shell function to exit with the return value @var{n}.
+If @var{n} is not supplied, the return value is the exit status of the
+last command executed in the function.
+This may also be used to terminate execution of a script being executed
+with the @code{.} (or @code{source}) builtin, returning either @var{n} or
+the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit
+status of the script.
+Any command associated with the @code{RETURN} trap is executed
+before execution resumes after the function or script.
+The return status is non-zero if @code{return} is used outside a function
+and not during the execution of a script by @code{.} or @code{source}.
+
+@item shift
+@btindex shift
+@example
+shift [@var{n}]
+@end example
+Shift the positional parameters to the left by @var{n}.
+The positional parameters from @var{n}+1 @dots{} @code{$#} are
+renamed to @code{$1} @dots{} @code{$#}-@var{n}+1.
+Parameters represented by the numbers @code{$#} to @var{n}+1 are unset.
+@var{n} must be a non-negative number less than or equal to @code{$#}.
+If @var{n} is zero or greater than @code{$#}, the positional parameters
+are not changed.
+If @var{n} is not supplied, it is assumed to be 1.
+The return status is zero unless @var{n} is greater than @code{$#} or
+less than zero, non-zero otherwise.
+
+@item test
+@itemx [
+@btindex test
+@btindex [
+Evaluate a conditional expression @var{expr}.
+Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
+Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
+@ref{Bash Conditional Expressions}.
+
+When the @code{[} form is used, the last argument to the command must
+be a @code{]}.
+
+Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed in
+decreasing order of precedence.
+
+@table @code
+@item ! @var{expr}
+True if @var{expr} is false.
+
+@item ( @var{expr} )
+Returns the value of @var{expr}.
+This may be used to override the normal precedence of operators.
+
+@item @var{expr1} -a @var{expr2}
+True if both @var{expr1} and @var{expr2} are true.
+
+@item @var{expr1} -o @var{expr2}
+True if either @var{expr1} or @var{expr2} is true.
+@end table
+
+The @code{test} and @code{[} builtins evaluate conditional
+expressions using a set of rules based on the number of arguments.
+
+@table @asis
+@item 0 arguments
+The expression is false.
+
+@item 1 argument
+The expression is true if and only if the argument is not null.
+
+@item 2 arguments
+If the first argument is @samp{!}, the expression is true if and
+only if the second argument is null.
+If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators
+(@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the expression
+is true if the unary test is true.
+If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is
+false.
+
+@item 3 arguments
+If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+operators (@pxref{Bash Conditional Expressions}), the
+result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the
+first and third arguments as operands.
+If the first argument is @samp{!}, the value is the negation of
+the two-argument test using the second and third arguments.
+If the first argument is exactly @samp{(} and the third argument is
+exactly @samp{)}, the result is the one-argument test of the second
+argument.
+Otherwise, the expression is false.
+The @samp{-a} and @samp{-o} operators are considered binary operators
+in this case.
+
+@item 4 arguments
+If the first argument is @samp{!}, the result is the negation of
+the three-argument expression composed of the remaining arguments.
+Otherwise, the expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+precedence using the rules listed above.
+
+@item 5 or more arguments
+The expression is parsed and evaluated according to precedence
+using the rules listed above.
+@end table
+
+@item times
+@btindex times
+@example
+times
+@end example
+Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children.
+The return status is zero.
+
+@item trap
+@btindex trap
+@example
+trap [-lp] [@var{arg}] [@var{sigspec} @dots{}]
+@end example
+The commands in @var{arg} are to be read and executed when the
+shell receives signal @var{sigspec}. If @var{arg} is absent or
+equal to @samp{-}, all specified signals are reset to the values
+they had when the shell was started.
+If @var{arg} is the null string, then the signal specified by
+each @var{sigspec} is ignored by the shell and commands it invokes.
+If @var{arg} is not present and @option{-p} has been supplied,
+the shell displays the trap commands associated with each @var{sigspec}.
+If no arguments are supplied, or
+only @option{-p} is given, @code{trap} prints the list of commands
+associated with each signal number in a form that may be reused as
+shell input.
+The @option{-l} option causes the shell to print a list of signal names
+and their corresponding numbers.
+
+Each @var{sigspec} is either a signal name such as @code{SIGINT} (with
+or without the @code{SIG} prefix) or a signal number.
+If a @var{sigspec}
+is @code{0} or @code{EXIT}, @var{arg} is executed when the shell exits.
+If a @var{sigspec} is @code{DEBUG}, the command @var{arg} is executed
+before every simple command, @code{for} command, @code{case} command,
+@code{select} command, every arithmetic @code{for} command, and before
+the first command executes in a shell function.
+Refer to the description of the @code{extglob} option to the
+@code{shopt} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}) for details of its
+effect on the @code{DEBUG} trap.
+If a @var{sigspec} is @code{ERR}, the command @var{arg}
+is executed whenever a simple command has a non-zero exit status,
+subject to the following conditions.
+The @code{ERR} trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
+command list immediately following an @code{until} or @code{while} keyword,
+part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
+part of a @code{&&} or @code{||} list, or if the command's return
+status is being inverted using @code{!}.
+These are the same conditions obeyed by the @code{errexit} option.
+If a @var{sigspec} is @code{RETURN}, the command @var{arg} is executed
+each time a shell function or a script executed with the @code{.} or
+@code{source} builtins finishes executing.
+
+Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.
+Trapped signals are reset to their original values in a child
+process when it is created.
+
+The return status is zero unless a @var{sigspec} does not specify a
+valid signal.
+
+@item umask
+@btindex umask
+@example
+umask [-p] [-S] [@var{mode}]
+@end example
+Set the shell process's file creation mask to @var{mode}. If
+@var{mode} begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;
+if not, it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar
+to that accepted by the @code{chmod} command. If @var{mode} is
+omitted, the current value of the mask is printed. If the @option{-S}
+option is supplied without a @var{mode} argument, the mask is printed
+in a symbolic format.
+If the @option{-p} option is supplied, and @var{mode}
+is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.
+The return status is zero if the mode is successfully changed or if
+no @var{mode} argument is supplied, and non-zero otherwise.
+
+Note that when the mode is interpreted as an octal number, each number
+of the umask is subtracted from @code{7}. Thus, a umask of @code{022}
+results in permissions of @code{755}.
+
+@item unset
+@btindex unset
+@example
+unset [-fv] [@var{name}]
+@end example
+Each variable or function @var{name} is removed.
+If no options are supplied, or the @option{-v} option is given, each
+@var{name} refers to a shell variable.
+If the @option{-f} option is given, the @var{name}s refer to shell
+functions, and the function definition is removed.
+Readonly variables and functions may not be unset.
+The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is readonly.
+@end table
+
+@node Bash Builtins
+@section Bash Builtin Commands
+
+This section describes builtin commands which are unique to
+or have been extended in Bash.
+Some of these commands are specified in the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item alias
+@btindex alias
+@example
+alias [@code{-p}] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Without arguments or with the @option{-p} option, @code{alias} prints
+the list of aliases on the standard output in a form that allows
+them to be reused as input.
+If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each @var{name}
+whose @var{value} is given. If no @var{value} is given, the name
+and value of the alias is printed.
+Aliases are described in @ref{Aliases}.
+
+@item bind
+@btindex bind
+@example
+bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-lpsvPSV]
+bind [-m @var{keymap}] [-q @var{function}] [-u @var{function}] [-r @var{keyseq}]
+bind [-m @var{keymap}] -f @var{filename}
+bind [-m @var{keymap}] -x @var{keyseq:shell-command}
+bind [-m @var{keymap}] @var{keyseq:function-name}
+bind @var{readline-command}
+@end example
+
+Display current Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing})
+key and function bindings,
+bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro,
+or set a Readline variable.
+Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a
+a Readline initialization file (@pxref{Readline Init File}),
+but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g.,
+@samp{"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file}.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -m @var{keymap}
+Use @var{keymap} as the keymap to be affected by
+the subsequent bindings. Acceptable @var{keymap}
+names are
+@code{emacs},
+@code{emacs-standard},
+@code{emacs-meta},
+@code{emacs-ctlx},
+@code{vi},
+@code{vi-move},
+@code{vi-command}, and
+@code{vi-insert}.
+@code{vi} is equivalent to @code{vi-command};
+@code{emacs} is equivalent to @code{emacs-standard}.
+
+@item -l
+List the names of all Readline functions.
+
+@item -p
+Display Readline function names and bindings in such a way that they
+can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file.
+
+@item -P
+List current Readline function names and bindings.
+
+@item -v
+Display Readline variable names and values in such a way that they
+can be used as input or in a Readline initialization file.
+
+@item -V
+List current Readline variable names and values.
+
+@item -s
+Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output
+in such a way that they can be used as input or in a Readline
+initialization file.
+
+@item -S
+Display Readline key sequences bound to macros and the strings they output.
+
+@item -f @var{filename}
+Read key bindings from @var{filename}.
+
+@item -q @var{function}
+Query about which keys invoke the named @var{function}.
+
+@item -u @var{function}
+Unbind all keys bound to the named @var{function}.
+
+@item -r @var{keyseq}
+Remove any current binding for @var{keyseq}.
+
+@item -x @var{keyseq:shell-command}
+Cause @var{shell-command} to be executed whenever @var{keyseq} is
+entered.
+
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or an
+error occurs.
+
+@item builtin
+@btindex builtin
+@example
+builtin [@var{shell-builtin} [@var{args}]]
+@end example
+Run a shell builtin, passing it @var{args}, and return its exit status.
+This is useful when defining a shell function with the same
+name as a shell builtin, retaining the functionality of the builtin within
+the function.
+The return status is non-zero if @var{shell-builtin} is not a shell
+builtin command.
+
+@item caller
+@btindex caller
+@example
+caller [@var{expr}]
+@end example
+Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
+a script executed with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins).
+
+Without @var{expr}, @code{caller} displays the line number and source
+filename of the current subroutine call.
+If a non-negative integer is supplied as @var{expr}, @code{caller}
+displays the line number, subroutine name, and source file corresponding
+to that position in the current execution call stack. This extra
+information may be used, for example, to print a stack trace. The
+current frame is frame 0.
+
+The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a subroutine
+call or @var{expr} does not correspond to a valid position in the
+call stack.
+
+@item command
+@btindex command
+@example
+command [-pVv] @var{command} [@var{arguments} @dots{}]
+@end example
+Runs @var{command} with @var{arguments} ignoring any shell function
+named @var{command}.
+Only shell builtin commands or commands found by searching the
+@env{PATH} are executed.
+If there is a shell function named @code{ls}, running @samp{command ls}
+within the function will execute the external command @code{ls}
+instead of calling the function recursively.
+The @option{-p} option means to use a default value for @env{PATH}
+that is guaranteed to find all of the standard utilities.
+The return status in this case is 127 if @var{command} cannot be
+found or an error occurred, and the exit status of @var{command}
+otherwise.
+
+If either the @option{-V} or @option{-v} option is supplied, a
+description of @var{command} is printed. The @option{-v} option
+causes a single word indicating the command or file name used to
+invoke @var{command} to be displayed; the @option{-V} option produces
+a more verbose description. In this case, the return status is
+zero if @var{command} is found, and non-zero if not.
+
+@item declare
+@btindex declare
+@example
+declare [-afFirtx] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+Declare variables and give them attributes. If no @var{name}s
+are given, then display the values of variables instead.
+
+The @option{-p} option will display the attributes and values of each
+@var{name}.
+When @option{-p} is used, additional options are ignored.
+The @option{-F} option inhibits the display of function definitions;
+only the function name and attributes are printed.
+If the @code{extdebug} shell option is enabled using @code{shopt}
+(@pxref{Bash Builtins}), the source file name and line number where
+the function is defined are displayed as well.
+@option{-F} implies @option{-f}.
+The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with
+the specified attributes or to give variables attributes:
+
+@table @code
+@item -a
+Each @var{name} is an array variable (@pxref{Arrays}).
+
+@item -f
+Use function names only.
+
+@item -i
+The variable is to be treated as
+an integer; arithmetic evaluation (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}) is
+performed when the variable is assigned a value.
+
+@item -r
+Make @var{name}s readonly. These names cannot then be assigned values
+by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
+
+@item -t
+Give each @var{name} the @code{trace} attribute.
+Traced functions inherit the @code{DEBUG} trap from the calling shell.
+The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
+
+@item -x
+Mark each @var{name} for export to subsequent commands via
+the environment.
+@end table
+
+Using @samp{+} instead of @samp{-} turns off the attribute instead.
+When used in a function, @code{declare} makes each @var{name} local,
+as with the @code{local} command. If a variable name is followed by
+=@var{value}, the value of the variable is set to @var{value}.
+
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered,
+an attempt is made to define a function using @samp{-f foo=bar},
+an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
+an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
+using the compound assignment syntax (@pxref{Arrays}),
+one of the @var{names} is not a valid shell variable name,
+an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable,
+an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
+or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with @option{-f}.
+
+@item echo
+@btindex echo
+@example
+echo [-neE] [@var{arg} @dots{}]
+@end example
+Output the @var{arg}s, separated by spaces, terminated with a
+newline.
+The return status is always 0.
+If @option{-n} is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed.
+If the @option{-e} option is given, interpretation of the following
+backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
+The @option{-E} option disables the interpretation of these escape characters,
+even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+The @code{xpg_echo} shell option may be used to
+dynamically determine whether or not @code{echo} expands these
+escape characters by default.
+@code{echo} interprets the following escape sequences:
+@table @code
+@item \a
+alert (bell)
+@item \b
+backspace
+@item \c
+suppress trailing newline
+@item \e
+escape
+@item \f
+form feed
+@item \n
+new line
+@item \r
+carriage return
+@item \t
+horizontal tab
+@item \v
+vertical tab
+@item \\
+backslash
+@item \0@var{nnn}
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn}
+(zero to three octal digits)
+@item \@var{nnn}
+the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value @var{nnn}
+(one to three octal digits)
+@item \x@var{HH}
+the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value @var{HH}
+(one or two hex digits)
+@end table
+
+@item enable
+@btindex enable
+@example
+enable [-n] [-p] [-f @var{filename}] [-ads] [@var{name} @dots{}]
+@end example
+Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
+Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
+as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
+even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+If @option{-n} is used, the @var{name}s become disabled. Otherwise
+@var{name}s are enabled. For example, to use the @code{test} binary
+found via @env{$PATH} instead of the shell builtin version, type
+@samp{enable -n test}.
+
+If the @option{-p} option is supplied, or no @var{name} arguments appear,
+a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other arguments, the list
+consists of all enabled shell builtins.
+The @option{-a} option means to list
+each builtin with an indication of whether or not it is enabled.
+
+The @option{-f} option means to load the new builtin command @var{name}
+from shared object @var{filename}, on systems that support dynamic loading.
+The @option{-d} option will delete a builtin loaded with @option{-f}.
+
+If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed.
+The @option{-s} option restricts @code{enable} to the @sc{posix} special
+builtins. If @option{-s} is used with @option{-f}, the new builtin becomes
+a special builtin (@pxref{Special Builtins}).
+
+The return status is zero unless a @var{name} is not a shell builtin
+or there is an error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
+
+@item help
+@btindex help
+@example
+help [-s] [@var{pattern}]
+@end example
+Display helpful information about builtin commands.
+If @var{pattern} is specified, @code{help} gives detailed help
+on all commands matching @var{pattern}, otherwise a list of
+the builtins is printed.
+The @option{-s} option restricts the information displayed to a short
+usage synopsis.
+The return status is zero unless no command matches @var{pattern}.
+
+@item let
+@btindex let
+@example
+let @var{expression} [@var{expression}]
+@end example
+The @code{let} builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
+variables. Each @var{expression} is evaluated according to the
+rules given below in @ref{Shell Arithmetic}. If the
+last @var{expression} evaluates to 0, @code{let} returns 1;
+otherwise 0 is returned.
+
+@item local
+@btindex local
+@example
+local [@var{option}] @var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}
+@end example
+For each argument, a local variable named @var{name} is created,
+and assigned @var{value}.
+The @var{option} can be any of the options accepted by @code{declare}.
+@code{local} can only be used within a function; it makes the variable
+@var{name} have a visible scope restricted to that function and its
+children. The return status is zero unless @code{local} is used outside
+a function, an invalid @var{name} is supplied, or @var{name} is a
+readonly variable.
+
+@item logout
+@btindex logout
+@example
+logout [@var{n}]
+@end example
+Exit a login shell, returning a status of @var{n} to the shell's
+parent.
+
+@item printf
+@btindex printf
+@example
+@code{printf} @var{format} [@var{arguments}]
+@end example
+Write the formatted @var{arguments} to the standard output under the
+control of the @var{format}.
+The @var{format} is a character string which contains three types of objects:
+plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
+escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
+format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
+@var{argument}.
+In addition to the standard @code{printf(1)} formats, @samp{%b} causes
+@code{printf} to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding
+@var{argument},
+(except that @samp{\c} terminates output, backslashes in
+@samp{\'}, @samp{\"}, and @samp{\?} are not removed, and octal escapes
+beginning with @samp{\0} may contain up to four digits),
+and @samp{%q} causes @code{printf} to output the
+corresponding @var{argument} in a format that can be reused as shell input.
+
+The @var{format} is reused as necessary to consume all of the @var{arguments}.
+If the @var{format} requires more @var{arguments} than are supplied, the
+extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
+appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success,
+non-zero on failure.
+
+@item read
+@btindex read
+@example
+read [-ers] [-a @var{aname}] [-d @var{delim}] [-n @var{nchars}] [-p @var{prompt}] [-t @var{timeout}] [-u @var{fd}] [@var{name} @dots{}]
+@end example
+One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
+@var{fd} supplied as an argument to the @option{-u} option, and the first word
+is assigned to the first @var{name}, the second word to the second @var{name},
+and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
+to the last @var{name}.
+If there are fewer words read from the input stream than names,
+the remaining names are assigned empty values.
+The characters in the value of the @env{IFS} variable
+are used to split the line into words.
+The backslash character @samp{\} may be used to remove any special
+meaning for the next character read and for line continuation.
+If no names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the
+variable @env{REPLY}.
+The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, @code{read}
+times out, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to
+@option{-u}.
+Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -a @var{aname}
+The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array variable
+@var{aname}, starting at 0.
+All elements are removed from @var{aname} before the assignment.
+Other @var{name} arguments are ignored.
+
+@item -d @var{delim}
+The first character of @var{delim} is used to terminate the input line,
+rather than newline.
+
+@item -e
+Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) is used to obtain the line.
+
+@item -n @var{nchars}
+@code{read} returns after reading @var{nchars} characters rather than
+waiting for a complete line of input.
+
+@item -p @var{prompt}
+Display @var{prompt}, without a trailing newline, before attempting
+to read any input.
+The prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
+
+@item -r
+If this option is given, backslash does not act as an escape character.
+The backslash is considered to be part of the line.
+In particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+continuation.
+
+@item -s
+Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, characters are
+not echoed.
+
+@item -t @var{timeout}
+Cause @code{read} to time out and return failure if a complete line of
+input is not read within @var{timeout} seconds.
+This option has no effect if @code{read} is not reading input from the
+terminal or a pipe.
+
+@item -u @var{fd}
+Read input from file descriptor @var{fd}.
+
+@end table
+
+@item shopt
+@btindex shopt
+@example
+shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [@var{optname} @dots{}]
+@end example
+Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
+With no options, or with the @option{-p} option, a list of all settable
+options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.
+The @option{-p} option causes output to be displayed in a form that
+may be reused as input.
+Other options have the following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -s
+Enable (set) each @var{optname}.
+
+@item -u
+Disable (unset) each @var{optname}.
+
+@item -q
+Suppresses normal output; the return status
+indicates whether the @var{optname} is set or unset.
+If multiple @var{optname} arguments are given with @option{-q},
+the return status is zero if all @var{optnames} are enabled;
+non-zero otherwise.
+
+@item -o
+Restricts the values of
+@var{optname} to be those defined for the @option{-o} option to the
+@code{set} builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+@end table
+
+If either @option{-s} or @option{-u}
+is used with no @var{optname} arguments, the display is limited to
+those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+
+Unless otherwise noted, the @code{shopt} options are disabled (off)
+by default.
+
+The return status when listing options is zero if all @var{optnames}
+are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting options,
+the return status is zero unless an @var{optname} is not a valid shell
+option.
+
+The list of @code{shopt} options is:
+@table @code
+@item cdable_vars
+If this is set, an argument to the @code{cd}
+builtin command that
+is not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable whose
+value is the directory to change to.
+
+@item cdspell
+If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a
+@code{cd} command will be corrected.
+The errors checked for are transposed characters,
+a missing character, and a character too many.
+If a correction is found, the corrected path is printed,
+and the command proceeds.
+This option is only used by interactive shells.
+
+@item checkhash
+If this is set, Bash checks that a command found in the hash
+table exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed command no
+longer exists, a normal path search is performed.
+
+@item checkwinsize
+If set, Bash checks the window size after each command
+and, if necessary, updates the values of
+@env{LINES} and @env{COLUMNS}.
+
+@item cmdhist
+If set, Bash
+attempts to save all lines of a multiple-line
+command in the same history entry. This allows
+easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
+
+@item dotglob
+If set, Bash includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+the results of filename expansion.
+
+@item execfail
+If this is set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if
+it cannot execute the file specified as an argument to the @code{exec}
+builtin command. An interactive shell does not exit if @code{exec}
+fails.
+
+@item expand_aliases
+If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases,
+@ref{Aliases}.
+This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
+
+@item extdebug
+If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is enabled:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+The @option{-F} option to the @code{declare} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins})
+displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function
+name supplied as an argument.
+
+@item
+If the command run by the @code{DEBUG} trap returns a non-zero value, the
+next command is skipped and not executed.
+
+@item
+If the command run by the @code{DEBUG} trap returns a value of 2, and the
+shell is executing in a subroutine (a shell function or a shell script
+executed by the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins), a call to
+@code{return} is simulated.
+@end enumerate
+
+@item extglob
+If set, the extended pattern matching features described above
+(@pxref{Pattern Matching}) are enabled.
+
+@item extquote
+If set, @code{$'@var{string}'} and @code{$"@var{string}"} quoting is
+performed within @code{$@{@var{parameter}@}} expansions
+enclosed in double quotes. This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item failglob
+If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during pathname expansion
+result in an expansion error.
+
+@item force_fignore
+If set, the suffixes specified by the @env{FIGNORE} shell variable
+cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
+the ignored words are the only possible completions.
+@xref{Bash Variables}, for a description of @env{FIGNORE}.
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item gnu_errfmt
+If set, shell error messages are written in the standard @sc{gnu} error
+message format.
+
+@item histappend
+If set, the history list is appended to the file named by the value
+of the @env{HISTFILE}
+variable when the shell exits, rather than overwriting the file.
+
+@item histreedit
+If set, and Readline
+is being used, a user is given the opportunity to re-edit a
+failed history substitution.
+
+@item histverify
+If set, and Readline
+is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately
+passed to the shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded into
+the Readline editing buffer, allowing further modification.
+
+@item hostcomplete
+If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform
+hostname completion when a word containing a @samp{@@} is being
+completed (@pxref{Commands For Completion}). This option is enabled
+by default.
+
+@item huponexit
+If set, Bash will send @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs when an interactive
+login shell exits (@pxref{Signals}).
+
+@item interactive_comments
+Allow a word beginning with @samp{#}
+to cause that word and all remaining characters on that
+line to be ignored in an interactive shell.
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item lithist
+If enabled, and the @code{cmdhist}
+option is enabled, multi-line commands are saved to the history with
+embedded newlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
+
+@item login_shell
+The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell
+(@pxref{Invoking Bash}).
+The value may not be changed.
+
+@item mailwarn
+If set, and a file that Bash is checking for mail has been
+accessed since the last time it was checked, the message
+@code{"The mail in @var{mailfile} has been read"} is displayed.
+
+@item no_empty_cmd_completion
+If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will not attempt to search
+the @env{PATH} for possible completions when completion is attempted
+on an empty line.
+
+@item nocaseglob
+If set, Bash matches filenames in a case-insensitive fashion when
+performing filename expansion.
+
+@item nullglob
+If set, Bash allows filename patterns which match no
+files to expand to a null string, rather than themselves.
+
+@item progcomp
+If set, the programmable completion facilities
+(@pxref{Programmable Completion}) are enabled.
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item promptvars
+If set, prompt strings undergo
+parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, and quote removal after being expanded
+as described below (@pxref{Printing a Prompt}).
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item restricted_shell
+The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode
+(@pxref{The Restricted Shell}).
+The value may not be changed.
+This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing
+the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
+
+@item shift_verbose
+If this is set, the @code{shift}
+builtin prints an error message when the shift count exceeds the
+number of positional parameters.
+
+@item sourcepath
+If set, the @code{source} builtin uses the value of @env{PATH}
+to find the directory containing the file supplied as an argument.
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item xpg_echo
+If set, the @code{echo} builtin expands backslash-escape sequences
+by default.
+
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+The return status when listing options is zero if all @var{optnames}
+are enabled, non-zero otherwise.
+When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an
+@var{optname} is not a valid shell option.
+
+@item source
+@btindex source
+@example
+source @var{filename}
+@end example
+A synonym for @code{.} (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item type
+@btindex type
+@example
+type [-afptP] [@var{name} @dots{}]
+@end example
+For each @var{name}, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
+command name.
+
+If the @option{-t} option is used, @code{type} prints a single word
+which is one of @samp{alias}, @samp{function}, @samp{builtin},
+@samp{file} or @samp{keyword},
+if @var{name} is an alias, shell function, shell builtin,
+disk file, or shell reserved word, respectively.
+If the @var{name} is not found, then nothing is printed, and
+@code{type} returns a failure status.
+
+If the @option{-p} option is used, @code{type} either returns the name
+of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if @option{-t}
+would not return @samp{file}.
+
+The @option{-P} option forces a path search for each @var{name}, even if
+@option{-t} would not return @samp{file}.
+
+If a command is hashed, @option{-p} and @option{-P} print the hashed value,
+not necessarily the file that appears first in @code{$PATH}.
+
+If the @option{-a} option is used, @code{type} returns all of the places
+that contain an executable named @var{file}.
+This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the @option{-p} option
+is not also used.
+
+If the @option{-f} option is used, @code{type} does not attempt to find
+shell functions, as with the @code{command} builtin.
+
+The return status is zero if any of the @var{names} are found, non-zero
+if none are found.
+
+@item typeset
+@btindex typeset
+@example
+typeset [-afFrxi] [-p] [@var{name}[=@var{value}] @dots{}]
+@end example
+The @code{typeset} command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
+shell; however, it has been deprecated in favor of the @code{declare}
+builtin command.
+
+@item ulimit
+@btindex ulimit
+@example
+ulimit [-acdflmnpstuvSH] [@var{limit}]
+@end example
+@code{ulimit} provides control over the resources available to processes
+started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an
+option is given, it is interpreted as follows:
+@table @code
+@item -S
+Change and report the soft limit associated with a resource.
+
+@item -H
+Change and report the hard limit associated with a resource.
+
+@item -a
+All current limits are reported.
+
+@item -c
+The maximum size of core files created.
+
+@item -d
+The maximum size of a process's data segment.
+
+@item -f
+The maximum size of files created by the shell.
+
+@item -l
+The maximum size that may be locked into memory.
+
+@item -m
+The maximum resident set size.
+
+@item -n
+The maximum number of open file descriptors.
+
+@item -p
+The pipe buffer size.
+
+@item -s
+The maximum stack size.
+
+@item -t
+The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds.
+
+@item -u
+The maximum number of processes available to a single user.
+
+@item -v
+The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the process.
+
+@end table
+
+If @var{limit} is given, it is the new value of the specified resource;
+the special @var{limit} values @code{hard}, @code{soft}, and
+@code{unlimited} stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
+and no limit, respectively.
+Otherwise, the current value of the soft limit for the specified resource
+is printed, unless the @option{-H} option is supplied.
+When setting new limits, if neither @option{-H} nor @option{-S} is supplied,
+both the hard and soft limits are set.
+If no option is given, then @option{-f} is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte
+increments, except for @option{-t}, which is in seconds, @option{-p},
+which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and @option{-n} and @option{-u}, which
+are unscaled values.
+
+The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
+or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
+
+@item unalias
+@btindex unalias
+@example
+unalias [-a] [@var{name} @dots{} ]
+@end example
+
+Remove each @var{name} from the list of aliases. If @option{-a} is
+supplied, all aliases are removed.
+Aliases are described in @ref{Aliases}.
+
+@end table
+
+@node The Set Builtin
+@section The Set Builtin
+
+This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section.
+
+@table @code
+@item set
+@btindex set
+@example
+set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o @var{option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+If no options or arguments are supplied, @code{set} displays the names
+and values of all shell variables and functions, sorted according to the
+current locale, in a format that may be reused as input.
+
+When options are supplied, they set or unset shell attributes.
+Options, if specified, have the following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -a
+Mark variables and function which are modified or created for export
+to the environment of subsequent commands.
+
+@item -b
+Cause the status of terminated background jobs to be reported
+immediately, rather than before printing the next primary prompt.
+
+@item -e
+Exit immediately if a simple command (@pxref{Simple Commands}) exits
+with a non-zero status, unless the command that fails is part of the
+command list immediately following a @code{while} or @code{until}
+keyword, part of the test in an @code{if} statement,
+part of a @code{&&} or @code{||} list, or if the command's return
+status is being inverted using @code{!}.
+A trap on @code{ERR}, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+
+@item -f
+Disable file name generation (globbing).
+
+@item -h
+Locate and remember (hash) commands as they are looked up for execution.
+This option is enabled by default.
+
+@item -k
+All arguments in the form of assignment statements are placed
+in the environment for a command, not just those that precede
+the command name.
+
+@item -m
+Job control is enabled (@pxref{Job Control}).
+
+@item -n
+Read commands but do not execute them; this may be used to check a
+script for syntax errors.
+This option is ignored by interactive shells.
+
+@item -o @var{option-name}
+
+Set the option corresponding to @var{option-name}:
+
+@table @code
+@item allexport
+Same as @code{-a}.
+
+@item braceexpand
+Same as @code{-B}.
+
+@item emacs
+Use an @code{emacs}-style line editing interface (@pxref{Command Line Editing}).
+
+@item errexit
+Same as @code{-e}.
+
+@item errtrace
+Same as @code{-E}.
+
+@item functrace
+Same as @code{-T}.
+
+@item hashall
+Same as @code{-h}.
+
+@item histexpand
+Same as @code{-H}.
+
+@item history
+Enable command history, as described in @ref{Bash History Facilities}.
+This option is on by default in interactive shells.
+
+@item ignoreeof
+An interactive shell will not exit upon reading EOF.
+
+@item keyword
+Same as @code{-k}.
+
+@item monitor
+Same as @code{-m}.
+
+@item noclobber
+Same as @code{-C}.
+
+@item noexec
+Same as @code{-n}.
+
+@item noglob
+Same as @code{-f}.
+
+@item nolog
+Currently ignored.
+
+@item notify
+Same as @code{-b}.
+
+@item nounset
+Same as @code{-u}.
+
+@item onecmd
+Same as @code{-t}.
+
+@item physical
+Same as @code{-P}.
+
+@item pipefail
+If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last
+(rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all
+commands in the pipeline exit successfully.
+This option is disabled by default.
+
+@item posix
+Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
+from the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard to match the standard
+(@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
+This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
+standard.
+
+@item privileged
+Same as @code{-p}.
+
+@item verbose
+Same as @code{-v}.
+
+@item vi
+Use a @code{vi}-style line editing interface.
+
+@item xtrace
+Same as @code{-x}.
+@end table
+
+@item -p
+Turn on privileged mode.
+In this mode, the @env{$BASH_ENV} and @env{$ENV} files are not
+processed, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
+and the @env{SHELLOPTS} variable, if it appears in the environment,
+is ignored.
+If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
+real user (group) id, and the @code{-p} option is not supplied, these actions
+are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
+If the @code{-p} option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+not reset.
+Turning this option off causes the effective user
+and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
+
+@item -t
+Exit after reading and executing one command.
+
+@item -u
+Treat unset variables as an error when performing parameter expansion.
+An error message will be written to the standard error, and a non-interactive
+shell will exit.
+
+@item -v
+Print shell input lines as they are read.
+
+@item -x
+Print a trace of simple commands, \fBfor\fP commands, \fBcase\fP
+commands, \fBselect\fP commands, and arithmetic \fBfor\fP commands
+and their arguments or associated word lists after they are
+expanded and before they are executed. The value of the @env{PS4}
+variable is expanded and the resultant value is printed before
+the command and its expanded arguments.
+
+@item -B
+The shell will perform brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}).
+This option is on by default.
+
+@item -C
+Prevent output redirection using @samp{>}, @samp{>&}, and @samp{<>}
+from overwriting existing files.
+
+@item -E
+If set, any trap on @code{ERR} is inherited by shell functions, command
+substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.
+The @code{ERR} trap is normally not inherited in such cases.
+
+@item -H
+Enable @samp{!} style history substitution (@pxref{History Interaction}).
+This option is on by default for interactive shells.
+
+@item -P
+If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands such as
+@code{cd} which change the current directory. The physical directory
+is used instead. By default, Bash follows
+the logical chain of directories when performing commands
+which change the current directory.
+
+For example, if @file{/usr/sys} is a symbolic link to @file{/usr/local/sys}
+then:
+@example
+$ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD
+/usr/sys
+$ cd ..; pwd
+/usr
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+If @code{set -P} is on, then:
+@example
+$ cd /usr/sys; echo $PWD
+/usr/local/sys
+$ cd ..; pwd
+/usr/local
+@end example
+
+@item -T
+If set, any trap on @code{DEBUG} is inherited by shell functions, command
+substitutions, and commands executed in a subshell environment.
+The @code{DEBUG} trap is normally not inherited in such cases.
+
+@item --
+If no arguments follow this option, then the positional parameters are
+unset. Otherwise, the positional parameters are set to the
+@var{arguments}, even if some of them begin with a @samp{-}.
+
+@item -
+Signal the end of options, cause all remaining @var{arguments}
+to be assigned to the positional parameters. The @option{-x}
+and @option{-v} options are turned off.
+If there are no arguments, the positional parameters remain unchanged.
+@end table
+
+Using @samp{+} rather than @samp{-} causes these options to be
+turned off. The options can also be used upon invocation of the
+shell. The current set of options may be found in @code{$-}.
+
+The remaining N @var{arguments} are positional parameters and are
+assigned, in order, to @code{$1}, @code{$2}, @dots{} @code{$N}.
+The special parameter @code{#} is set to N.
+
+The return status is always zero unless an invalid option is supplied.
+@end table
+
+@node Special Builtins
+@section Special Builtins
+@cindex special builtin
+
+For historical reasons, the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard has classified
+several builtin commands as @emph{special}.
+When Bash is executing in @sc{posix} mode, the special builtins
+differ from other builtin commands in three respects:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+Special builtins are found before shell functions during command lookup.
+
+@item
+If a special builtin returns an error status, a non-interactive shell exits.
+
+@item
+Assignment statements preceding the command stay in effect in the shell
+environment after the command completes.
+@end enumerate
+
+When Bash is not executing in @sc{posix} mode, these builtins behave no
+differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands.
+The Bash @sc{posix} mode is described in @ref{Bash POSIX Mode}.
+
+These are the @sc{posix} special builtins:
+@example
+@w{break : . continue eval exec exit export readonly return set}
+@w{shift trap unset}
+@end example
+
+@node Shell Variables
+@chapter Shell Variables
+
+@menu
+* Bourne Shell Variables:: Variables which Bash uses in the same way
+ as the Bourne Shell.
+* Bash Variables:: List of variables that exist in Bash.
+@end menu
+
+This chapter describes the shell variables that Bash uses.
+Bash automatically assigns default values to a number of variables.
+
+@node Bourne Shell Variables
+@section Bourne Shell Variables
+
+Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell.
+In some cases, Bash assigns a default value to the variable.
+
+@vtable @code
+
+@item CDPATH
+A colon-separated list of directories used as a search path for
+the @code{cd} builtin command.
+
+@item HOME
+The current user's home directory; the default for the @code{cd} builtin
+command.
+The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion
+(@pxref{Tilde Expansion}).
+
+@item IFS
+A list of characters that separate fields; used when the shell splits
+words as part of expansion.
+
+@item MAIL
+If this parameter is set to a filename and the @env{MAILPATH} variable
+is not set, Bash informs the user of the arrival of mail in
+the specified file.
+
+@item MAILPATH
+A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically checks
+for new mail.
+Each list entry can specify the message that is printed when new mail
+arrives in the mail file by separating the file name from the message with
+a @samp{?}.
+When used in the text of the message, @code{$_} expands to the name of
+the current mail file.
+
+@item OPTARG
+The value of the last option argument processed by the @code{getopts} builtin.
+
+@item OPTIND
+The index of the last option argument processed by the @code{getopts} builtin.
+
+@item PATH
+A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks for
+commands.
+A zero-length (null) directory name in the value of @code{PATH} indicates the
+current directory.
+A null directory name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial
+or trailing colon.
+
+
+@item PS1
+The primary prompt string. The default value is @samp{\s-\v\$ }.
+@xref{Printing a Prompt}, for the complete list of escape
+sequences that are expanded before @env{PS1} is displayed.
+
+@item PS2
+The secondary prompt string. The default value is @samp{> }.
+
+@end vtable
+
+@node Bash Variables
+@section Bash Variables
+
+These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells
+do not normally treat them specially.
+
+A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters:
+variables for controlling the job control facilities
+(@pxref{Job Control Variables}).
+
+@vtable @code
+
+@item BASH
+The full pathname used to execute the current instance of Bash.
+
+@item BASH_ARGC
+An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in each
+frame of the current bash execution call stack. The number of
+parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or script executed
+with @code{.} or @code{source}) is at the top of the stack. When a
+subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
+@code{BASH_ARGC}.
+
+@item BASH_ARGV
+An array variable containing all of the parameters in the current bash
+execution call stack. The final parameter of the last subroutine call
+is at the top of the stack; the first parameter of the initial call is
+at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
+are pushed onto @code{BASH_ARGV}.
+
+@item BASH_COMMAND
+The command currently being executed or about to be executed, unless the
+shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
+in which case it is the command executing at the time of the trap.
+
+@item BASH_ENV
+If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
+script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file
+to read before executing the script. @xref{Bash Startup Files}.
+
+@item BASH_EXECUTION_STRING
+The command argument to the @option{-c} invocation option.
+
+@item BASH_LINENO
+An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source files
+corresponding to each member of @var{FUNCNAME}.
+@code{$@{BASH_LINENO[$i]@}} is the line number in the source file where
+@code{$@{FUNCNAME[$i + 1]@}} was called.
+The corresponding source file name is @code{$@{BASH_SOURCE[$i + 1]@}}.
+Use @code{LINENO} to obtain the current line number.
+
+@item BASH_REMATCH
+An array variable whose members are assigned by the @samp{=~} binary
+operator to the @code{[[} conditional command
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+The element with index 0 is the portion of the string
+matching the entire regular expression.
+The element with index @var{n} is the portion of the
+string matching the @var{n}th parenthesized subexpression.
+This variable is read-only.
+
+@item BASH_SOURCE
+An array variable whose members are the source filenames corresponding
+to the elements in the @code{FUNCNAME} array variable.
+
+@item BASH_SUBSHELL
+Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment is spawned.
+The initial value is 0.
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO
+A readonly array variable (@pxref{Arrays})
+whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash.
+The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
+
+@table @code
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[0]
+The major version number (the @var{release}).
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[1]
+The minor version number (the @var{version}).
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[2]
+The patch level.
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[3]
+The build version.
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[4]
+The release status (e.g., @var{beta1}).
+
+@item BASH_VERSINFO[5]
+The value of @env{MACHTYPE}.
+
+@end table
+
+@item BASH_VERSION
+The version number of the current instance of Bash.
+
+@item COLUMNS
+Used by the @code{select} builtin command to determine the terminal width
+when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
+@code{SIGWINCH}.
+
+@item COMP_CWORD
+An index into @env{$@{COMP_WORDS@}} of the word containing the current
+cursor position.
+This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+
+@item COMP_LINE
+The current command line.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+
+@item COMP_POINT
+The index of the current cursor position relative to the beginning of
+the current command.
+If the current cursor position is at the end of the current command,
+the value of this variable is equal to @code{$@{#COMP_LINE@}}.
+This variable is available only in shell functions and external
+commands invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+
+@item COMP_WORDBREAKS
+The set of characters that the Readline library treats as word
+separators when performing word completion.
+If @code{COMP_WORDBREAKS} is unset, it loses its special properties,
+even if it is subsequently reset.
+
+@item COMP_WORDS
+An array variable consisting of the individual
+words in the current command line.
+This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
+programmable completion facilities (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+
+@item COMPREPLY
+An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
+generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
+facility (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+
+@item DIRSTACK
+An array variable containing the current contents of the directory stack.
+Directories appear in the stack in the order they are displayed by the
+@code{dirs} builtin.
+Assigning to members of this array variable may be used to modify
+directories already in the stack, but the @code{pushd} and @code{popd}
+builtins must be used to add and remove directories.
+Assignment to this variable will not change the current directory.
+If @env{DIRSTACK} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
+it is subsequently reset.
+
+@item EMACS
+If Bash finds this variable in the environment when the shell
+starts with value @samp{t}, it assumes that the shell is running in an
+emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
+
+@item EUID
+The numeric effective user id of the current user. This variable
+is readonly.
+
+@item FCEDIT
+The editor used as a default by the @option{-e} option to the @code{fc}
+builtin command.
+
+@item FIGNORE
+A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+filename completion.
+A file name whose suffix matches one of the entries in
+@env{FIGNORE}
+is excluded from the list of matched file names. A sample
+value is @samp{.o:~}
+
+@item FUNCNAME
+An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+currently in the execution call stack.
+The element with index 0 is the name of any currently-executing
+shell function.
+The bottom-most element is "main".
+This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
+Assignments to @env{FUNCNAME} have no effect and return an error status.
+If @env{FUNCNAME} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if
+it is subsequently reset.
+
+@item GLOBIGNORE
+A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
+be ignored by filename expansion.
+If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one
+of the patterns in @env{GLOBIGNORE}, it is removed from the list
+of matches.
+
+@item GROUPS
+An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
+user is a member.
+Assignments to @env{GROUPS} have no effect and return an error status.
+If @env{GROUPS} is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is
+subsequently reset.
+
+@item histchars
+Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
+substitution, and tokenization (@pxref{History Interaction}).
+The first character is the
+@var{history expansion} character, that is, the character which signifies the
+start of a history expansion, normally @samp{!}. The second character is the
+character which signifies `quick substitution' when seen as the first
+character on a line, normally @samp{^}. The optional third character is the
+character which indicates that the remainder of the line is a comment when
+found as the first character of a word, usually @samp{#}. The history
+comment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
+remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the shell
+parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
+
+@item HISTCMD
+The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
+command. If @env{HISTCMD} is unset, it loses its special properties,
+even if it is subsequently reset.
+
+@item HISTCONTROL
+A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
+the history list.
+If the list of values includes @samp{ignorespace}, lines which begin
+with a space character are not saved in the history list.
+A value of @samp{ignoredups} causes lines which match the previous
+history entry to not be saved.
+A value of @samp{ignoreboth} is shorthand for
+@samp{ignorespace} and @samp{ignoredups}.
+A value of @samp{erasedups} causes all previous lines matching the
+current line to be removed from the history list before that line
+is saved.
+Any value not in the above list is ignored.
+If @env{HISTCONTROL} is unset, or does not include a valid value,
+all lines read by the shell parser are saved on the history list,
+subject to the value of @env{HISTIGNORE}.
+The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
+not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+@env{HISTCONTROL}.
+
+@item HISTFILE
+The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The
+default value is @file{~/.bash_history}.
+
+@item HISTFILESIZE
+The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
+variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
+necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines.
+The history file is also truncated to this size after
+writing it when an interactive shell exits.
+The default value is 500.
+
+@item HISTIGNORE
+A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
+anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
+line (no implicit @samp{*} is appended). Each pattern is tested
+against the line after the checks specified by @env{HISTCONTROL}
+are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching
+characters, @samp{&} matches the previous history line. @samp{&}
+may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
+before attempting a match.
+The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command are
+not tested, and are added to the history regardless of the value of
+@env{HISTIGNORE}.
+
+@env{HISTIGNORE} subsumes the function of @env{HISTCONTROL}. A
+pattern of @samp{&} is identical to @code{ignoredups}, and a
+pattern of @samp{[ ]*} is identical to @code{ignorespace}.
+Combining these two patterns, separating them with a colon,
+provides the functionality of @code{ignoreboth}.
+
+@item HISTSIZE
+The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list.
+The default value is 500.
+
+@item HISTTIMEFORMAT
+If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
+for @var{strftime} to print the time stamp associated with each history
+entry displayed by the @code{history} builtin.
+If this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history file so
+they may be preserved across shell sessions.
+
+@item HOSTFILE
+Contains the name of a file in the same format as @file{/etc/hosts} that
+should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
+The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell
+is running;
+the next time hostname completion is attempted after the
+value is changed, Bash adds the contents of the new file to the
+existing list.
+If @env{HOSTFILE} is set, but has no value, Bash attempts to read
+@file{/etc/hosts} to obtain the list of possible hostname completions.
+When @env{HOSTFILE} is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
+
+@item HOSTNAME
+The name of the current host.
+
+@item HOSTTYPE
+A string describing the machine Bash is running on.
+
+@item IGNOREEOF
+Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an @code{EOF} character
+as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number
+of consecutive @code{EOF} characters that can be read as the
+first character on an input line
+before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not
+have a numeric value (or has no value) then the default is 10.
+If the variable does not exist, then @code{EOF} signifies the end of
+input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells.
+
+@item INPUTRC
+The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default
+of @file{~/.inputrc}.
+
+@item LANG
+Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
+selected with a variable starting with @code{LC_}.
+
+@item LC_ALL
+This variable overrides the value of @env{LANG} and any other
+@code{LC_} variable specifying a locale category.
+
+@item LC_COLLATE
+This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
+results of filename expansion, and
+determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes,
+and collating sequences within filename expansion and pattern matching
+(@pxref{Filename Expansion}).
+
+@item LC_CTYPE
+This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
+behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern
+matching (@pxref{Filename Expansion}).
+
+@item LC_MESSAGES
+This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
+strings preceded by a @samp{$} (@pxref{Locale Translation}).
+
+@item LC_NUMERIC
+This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
+
+@item LINENO
+The line number in the script or shell function currently executing.
+
+@item LINES
+Used by the @code{select} builtin command to determine the column length
+for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
+@code{SIGWINCH}.
+
+@item MACHTYPE
+A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash
+is executing, in the standard @sc{gnu} @var{cpu-company-system} format.
+
+@item MAILCHECK
+How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the
+files specified in the @env{MAILPATH} or @env{MAIL} variables.
+The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check
+for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary prompt.
+If this variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
+
+@item OLDPWD
+The previous working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin.
+
+@item OPTERR
+If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages
+generated by the @code{getopts} builtin command.
+
+@item OSTYPE
+A string describing the operating system Bash is running on.
+
+@item PIPESTATUS
+An array variable (@pxref{Arrays})
+containing a list of exit status values from the processes
+in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
+contain only a single command).
+
+@item POSIXLY_CORRECT
+If this variable is in the environment when @code{bash} starts, the shell
+enters @sc{posix} mode (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}) before reading the
+startup files, as if the @option{--posix} invocation option had been supplied.
+If it is set while the shell is running, @code{bash} enables @sc{posix} mode,
+as if the command
+@example
+@code{set -o posix}
+@end example
+@noindent
+had been executed.
+
+@item PPID
+The process @sc{id} of the shell's parent process. This variable
+is readonly.
+
+@item PROMPT_COMMAND
+If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
+before the printing of each primary prompt (@env{$PS1}).
+
+@item PS3
+The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the
+@code{select} command. If this variable is not set, the
+@code{select} command prompts with @samp{#? }
+
+@item PS4
+The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed
+when the @option{-x} option is set (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+The first character of @env{PS4} is replicated multiple times, as
+necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection.
+The default is @samp{+ }.
+
+@item PWD
+The current working directory as set by the @code{cd} builtin.
+
+@item RANDOM
+Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer
+between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this
+variable seeds the random number generator.
+
+@item REPLY
+The default variable for the @code{read} builtin.
+
+@item SECONDS
+This variable expands to the number of seconds since the
+shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets
+the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value
+becomes the value assigned plus the number of seconds
+since the assignment.
+
+@item SHELLOPTS
+A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+the list is a valid argument for the @option{-o} option to the
+@code{set} builtin command (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+The options appearing in @env{SHELLOPTS} are those reported
+as @samp{on} by @samp{set -o}.
+If this variable is in the environment when Bash
+starts up, each shell option in the list will be enabled before
+reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.
+
+@item SHLVL
+Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is
+intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested.
+
+@item TIMEFORMAT
+The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
+how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the @code{time}
+reserved word should be displayed.
+The @samp{%} character introduces an
+escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or other
+information.
+The escape sequences and their meanings are as
+follows; the braces denote optional portions.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item %%
+A literal @samp{%}.
+
+@item %[@var{p}][l]R
+The elapsed time in seconds.
+
+@item %[@var{p}][l]U
+The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.
+
+@item %[@var{p}][l]S
+The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
+
+@item %P
+The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
+@end table
+
+The optional @var{p} is a digit specifying the precision, the number of
+fractional digits after a decimal point.
+A value of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.
+At most three places after the decimal point may be specified; values
+of @var{p} greater than 3 are changed to 3.
+If @var{p} is not specified, the value 3 is used.
+
+The optional @code{l} specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+the form @var{MM}m@var{SS}.@var{FF}s.
+The value of @var{p} determines whether or not the fraction is included.
+
+If this variable is not set, Bash acts as if it had the value
+@example
+@code{$'\nreal\t%3lR\nuser\t%3lU\nsys\t%3lS'}
+@end example
+If the value is null, no timing information is displayed.
+A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
+
+@item TMOUT
+If set to a value greater than zero, @code{TMOUT} is treated as the
+default timeout for the @code{read} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+The @code{select} command (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}) terminates
+if input does not arrive after @code{TMOUT} seconds when input is coming
+from a terminal.
+
+In an interative shell, the value is interpreted as
+the number of seconds to wait for input after issuing the primary
+prompt when the shell is interactive.
+Bash terminates after that number of seconds if input does
+not arrive.
+
+@item UID
+The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly.
+
+@end vtable
+
+@node Bash Features
+@chapter Bash Features
+
+This section describes features unique to Bash.
+
+@menu
+* Invoking Bash:: Command line options that you can give
+ to Bash.
+* Bash Startup Files:: When and how Bash executes scripts.
+* Interactive Shells:: What an interactive shell is.
+* Bash Conditional Expressions:: Primitives used in composing expressions for
+ the @code{test} builtin.
+* Shell Arithmetic:: Arithmetic on shell variables.
+* Aliases:: Substituting one command for another.
+* Arrays:: Array Variables.
+* The Directory Stack:: History of visited directories.
+* Printing a Prompt:: Controlling the PS1 string.
+* The Restricted Shell:: A more controlled mode of shell execution.
+* Bash POSIX Mode:: Making Bash behave more closely to what
+ the POSIX standard specifies.
+@end menu
+
+@node Invoking Bash
+@section Invoking Bash
+
+@example
+bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
+bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] -c @var{string} [@var{argument} @dots{}]
+bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @var{option}] [-O @var{shopt_option}] [@var{argument} @dots{}]
+@end example
+
+In addition to the single-character shell command-line options
+(@pxref{The Set Builtin}), there are several multi-character
+options that you can use. These options must appear on the command
+line before the single-character options to be recognized.
+
+@table @code
+@item --debugger
+Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
+starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see @ref{Bash Builtins}
+for a description of the @code{extdebug} option to the @code{shopt}
+builtin) and shell function tracing
+(see @ref{The Set Builtin} for a description of the @code{-o functrace}
+option).
+
+@item --dump-po-strings
+A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by @samp{$}
+is printed on the standard ouput
+in the @sc{gnu} @code{gettext} PO (portable object) file format.
+Equivalent to @option{-D} except for the output format.
+
+@item --dump-strings
+Equivalent to @option{-D}.
+
+@item --help
+Display a usage message on standard output and exit sucessfully.
+
+@item --init-file @var{filename}
+@itemx --rcfile @var{filename}
+Execute commands from @var{filename} (instead of @file{~/.bashrc})
+in an interactive shell.
+
+@item --login
+Equivalent to @option{-l}.
+
+@item --noediting
+Do not use the @sc{gnu} Readline library (@pxref{Command Line Editing})
+to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
+
+@item --noprofile
+Don't load the system-wide startup file @file{/etc/profile}
+or any of the personal initialization files
+@file{~/.bash_profile}, @file{~/.bash_login}, or @file{~/.profile}
+when Bash is invoked as a login shell.
+
+@item --norc
+Don't read the @file{~/.bashrc} initialization file in an
+interactive shell. This is on by default if the shell is
+invoked as @code{sh}.
+
+@item --posix
+Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
+from the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard to match the standard. This
+is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
+standard. @xref{Bash POSIX Mode}, for a description of the Bash
+@sc{posix} mode.
+
+@item --restricted
+Make the shell a restricted shell (@pxref{The Restricted Shell}).
+
+@item --verbose
+Equivalent to @option{-v}. Print shell input lines as they're read.
+
+@item --version
+Show version information for this instance of
+Bash on the standard output and exit successfully.
+
+@end table
+
+There are several single-character options that may be supplied at
+invocation which are not available with the @code{set} builtin.
+
+@table @code
+@item -c @var{string}
+Read and execute commands from @var{string} after processing the
+options, then exit. Any remaining arguments are assigned to the
+positional parameters, starting with @code{$0}.
+
+@item -i
+Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are
+described in @ref{Interactive Shells}.
+
+@item -l
+Make this shell act as if it had been directly invoked by login.
+When the shell is interactive, this is equivalent to starting a
+login shell with @samp{exec -l bash}.
+When the shell is not interactive, the login shell startup files will
+be executed.
+@samp{exec bash -l} or @samp{exec bash --login}
+will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell.
+@xref{Bash Startup Files}, for a description of the special behavior
+of a login shell.
+
+@item -r
+Make the shell a restricted shell (@pxref{The Restricted Shell}).
+
+@item -s
+If this option is present, or if no arguments remain after option
+processing, then commands are read from the standard input.
+This option allows the positional parameters to be set
+when invoking an interactive shell.
+
+@item -D
+A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by @samp{$}
+is printed on the standard ouput.
+These are the strings that
+are subject to language translation when the current locale
+is not @code{C} or @code{POSIX} (@pxref{Locale Translation}).
+This implies the @option{-n} option; no commands will be executed.
+
+@item [-+]O [@var{shopt_option}]
+@var{shopt_option} is one of the shell options accepted by the
+@code{shopt} builtin (@pxref{Shell Builtin Commands}).
+If @var{shopt_option} is present, @option{-O} sets the value of that option;
+@option{+O} unsets it.
+If @var{shopt_option} is not supplied, the names and values of the shell
+options accepted by @code{shopt} are printed on the standard output.
+If the invocation option is @option{+O}, the output is displayed in a format
+that may be reused as input.
+
+@item --
+A @code{--} signals the end of options and disables further option
+processing.
+Any arguments after the @code{--} are treated as filenames and arguments.
+
+@end table
+
+@cindex login shell
+A @emph{login} shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
+@samp{-}, or one invoked with the @option{--login} option.
+
+@cindex interactive shell
+An @emph{interactive} shell is one started without non-option arguments,
+unless @option{-s} is specified,
+without specifying the @option{-c} option, and whose input and output are both
+connected to terminals (as determined by @code{isatty(3)}), or one
+started with the @option{-i} option. @xref{Interactive Shells}, for more
+information.
+
+If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
+@option{-c} nor the @option{-s}
+option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
+be the name of a file containing shell commands (@pxref{Shell Scripts}).
+When Bash is invoked in this fashion, @code{$0}
+is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
+are set to the remaining arguments.
+Bash reads and executes commands from this file, then exits.
+Bash's exit status is the exit status of the last command executed
+in the script. If no commands are executed, the exit status is 0.
+
+@node Bash Startup Files
+@section Bash Startup Files
+@cindex startup files
+
+This section describs how Bash executes its startup files.
+If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error.
+Tildes are expanded in file names as described above under
+Tilde Expansion (@pxref{Tilde Expansion}).
+
+Interactive shells are described in @ref{Interactive Shells}.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with @option{--login}
+
+When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a
+non-interactive shell with the @option{--login} option, it first reads and
+executes commands from the file @file{/etc/profile}, if that file exists.
+After reading that file, it looks for @file{~/.bash_profile},
+@file{~/.bash_login}, and @file{~/.profile}, in that order, and reads
+and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
+The @option{--noprofile} option may be used when the shell is started to
+inhibit this behavior.
+
+When a login shell exits, Bash reads and executes commands from
+the file @file{~/.bash_logout}, if it exists.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked as an interactive non-login shell
+
+When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash
+reads and executes commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that file exists.
+This may be inhibited by using the @option{--norc} option.
+The @option{--rcfile @var{file}} option will force Bash to read and
+execute commands from @var{file} instead of @file{~/.bashrc}.
+
+So, typically, your @file{~/.bash_profile} contains the line
+@example
+@code{if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc; fi}
+@end example
+@noindent
+after (or before) any login-specific initializations.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked non-interactively
+
+When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script,
+for example, it looks for the variable @env{BASH_ENV} in the environment,
+expands its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as
+the name of a file to read and execute. Bash behaves as if the
+following command were executed:
+@example
+@code{if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi}
+@end example
+@noindent
+but the value of the @env{PATH} variable is not used to search for the
+file name.
+
+As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the
+@option{--login} option, Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
+login shell startup files.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked with name @code{sh}
+
+If Bash is invoked with the name @code{sh}, it tries to mimic the
+startup behavior of historical versions of @code{sh} as closely as
+possible, while conforming to the @sc{posix} standard as well.
+
+When invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive
+shell with the @option{--login} option, it first attempts to read
+and execute commands from @file{/etc/profile} and @file{~/.profile}, in
+that order.
+The @option{--noprofile} option may be used to inhibit this behavior.
+When invoked as an interactive shell with the name @code{sh}, Bash
+looks for the variable @env{ENV}, expands its value if it is defined,
+and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and execute.
+Since a shell invoked as @code{sh} does not attempt to read and execute
+commands from any other startup files, the @option{--rcfile} option has
+no effect.
+A non-interactive shell invoked with the name @code{sh} does not attempt
+to read any other startup files.
+
+When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after
+the startup files are read.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked in @sc{posix} mode
+
+When Bash is started in @sc{posix} mode, as with the
+@option{--posix} command line option, it follows the @sc{posix} standard
+for startup files.
+In this mode, interactive shells expand the @env{ENV} variable
+and commands are read and executed from the file whose name is the
+expanded value.
+No other startup files are read.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked by remote shell daemon
+
+Bash attempts to determine when it is being run by the remote shell
+daemon, usually @code{rshd}. If Bash determines it is being run by
+rshd, it reads and executes commands from @file{~/.bashrc}, if that
+file exists and is readable.
+It will not do this if invoked as @code{sh}.
+The @option{--norc} option may be used to inhibit this behavior, and the
+@option{--rcfile} option may be used to force another file to be read, but
+@code{rshd} does not generally invoke the shell with those options or
+allow them to be specified.
+
+@subsubheading Invoked with unequal effective and real @sc{uid/gid}s
+
+If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
+real user (group) id, and the @code{-p} option is not supplied, no startup
+files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
+the @env{SHELLOPTS} variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored,
+and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
+If the @code{-p} option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
+the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
+
+@node Interactive Shells
+@section Interactive Shells
+@cindex interactive shell
+@cindex shell, interactive
+
+@menu
+* What is an Interactive Shell?:: What determines whether a shell is Interactive.
+* Is this Shell Interactive?:: How to tell if a shell is interactive.
+* Interactive Shell Behavior:: What changes in a interactive shell?
+@end menu
+
+@node What is an Interactive Shell?
+@subsection What is an Interactive Shell?
+
+An interactive shell
+is one started without non-option arguments, unless @option{-s} is
+specified, without specifiying the @option{-c} option, and
+whose input and output are both
+connected to terminals (as determined by @code{isatty(3)}),
+or one started with the @option{-i} option.
+
+An interactive shell generally reads from and writes to a user's
+terminal.
+
+The @option{-s} invocation option may be used to set the positional parameters
+when an interactive shell is started.
+
+@node Is this Shell Interactive?
+@subsection Is this Shell Interactive?
+
+To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is
+running interactively,
+test the value of the @samp{-} special parameter.
+It contains @code{i} when the shell is interactive. For example:
+
+@example
+case "$-" in
+*i*) echo This shell is interactive ;;
+*) echo This shell is not interactive ;;
+esac
+@end example
+
+Alternatively, startup scripts may examine the variable
+@env{PS1}; it is unset in non-interactive shells, and set in
+interactive shells. Thus:
+
+@example
+if [ -z "$PS1" ]; then
+ echo This shell is not interactive
+else
+ echo This shell is interactive
+fi
+@end example
+
+@node Interactive Shell Behavior
+@subsection Interactive Shell Behavior
+
+When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in
+several ways.
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+Startup files are read and executed as described in @ref{Bash Startup Files}.
+
+@item
+Job Control (@pxref{Job Control}) is enabled by default. When job
+control is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control
+signals @code{SIGTTIN}, @code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGTSTP}.
+
+@item
+Bash expands and displays @env{PS1} before reading the first line
+of a command, and expands and displays @env{PS2} before reading the
+second and subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
+
+@item
+Bash executes the value of the @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} variable as a command
+before printing the primary prompt, @env{$PS1}
+(@pxref{Bash Variables}).
+
+@item
+Readline (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) is used to read commands from
+the user's terminal.
+
+@item
+Bash inspects the value of the @code{ignoreeof} option to @code{set -o}
+instead of exiting immediately when it receives an @code{EOF} on its
+standard input when reading a command (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item
+Command history (@pxref{Bash History Facilities})
+and history expansion (@pxref{History Interaction})
+are enabled by default.
+Bash will save the command history to the file named by @env{$HISTFILE}
+when an interactive shell exits.
+
+@item
+Alias expansion (@pxref{Aliases}) is performed by default.
+
+@item
+In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores @code{SIGTERM}
+(@pxref{Signals}).
+
+@item
+In the absence of any traps, @code{SIGINT} is caught and handled
+((@pxref{Signals}).
+@code{SIGINT} will interrupt some shell builtins.
+
+@item
+An interactive login shell sends a @code{SIGHUP} to all jobs on exit
+if the @code{hupoxexit} shell option has been enabled (@pxref{Signals}).
+
+@item
+The @option{-n} invocation option is ignored, and @samp{set -n} has
+no effect (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item
+Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the
+@env{MAIL}, @env{MAILPATH}, and @env{MAILCHECK} shell variables
+(@pxref{Bash Variables}).
+
+@item
+Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after
+@samp{set -u} has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit
+(@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item
+The shell will not exit on expansion errors caused by @var{var} being unset
+or null in @code{$@{@var{var}:?@var{word}@}} expansions
+(@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+Redirection errors encountered by shell builtins will not cause the
+shell to exit.
+
+@item
+When running in @sc{posix} mode, a special builtin returning an error
+status will not cause the shell to exit (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
+@item
+A failed @code{exec} will not cause the shell to exit
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Parser syntax errors will not cause the shell to exit.
+
+@item
+Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the @code{cd}
+builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the @code{cdspell}
+option to the @code{shopt} builtin in @ref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The shell will check the value of the @env{TMOUT} variable and exit
+if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
+printing @env{$PS1} (@pxref{Bash Variables}).
+
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Bash Conditional Expressions
+@section Bash Conditional Expressions
+@cindex expressions, conditional
+
+Conditional expressions are used by the @code{[[} compound command
+and the @code{test} and @code{[} builtin commands.
+
+Expressions may be unary or binary.
+Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file.
+There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
+If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is of the form
+@file{/dev/fd/@var{N}}, then file descriptor @var{N} is checked.
+If the @var{file} argument to one of the primaries is one of
+@file{/dev/stdin}, @file{/dev/stdout}, or @file{/dev/stderr}, file
+descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
+
+@table @code
+@item -a @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists.
+
+@item -b @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a block special file.
+
+@item -c @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a character special file.
+
+@item -d @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a directory.
+
+@item -e @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists.
+
+@item -f @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a regular file.
+
+@item -g @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and its set-group-id bit is set.
+
+@item -h @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a symbolic link.
+
+@item -k @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and its "sticky" bit is set.
+
+@item -p @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a named pipe (FIFO).
+
+@item -r @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is readable.
+
+@item -s @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and has a size greater than zero.
+
+@item -t @var{fd}
+True if file descriptor @var{fd} is open and refers to a terminal.
+
+@item -u @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
+
+@item -w @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is writable.
+
+@item -x @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is executable.
+
+@item -O @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective user id.
+
+@item -G @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is owned by the effective group id.
+
+@item -L @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a symbolic link.
+
+@item -S @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and is a socket.
+
+@item -N @var{file}
+True if @var{file} exists and has been modified since it was last read.
+
+@item @var{file1} -nt @var{file2}
+True if @var{file1} is newer (according to modification date)
+than @var{file2}, or if @var{file1} exists and @var{file2} does not.
+
+@item @var{file1} -ot @var{file2}
+True if @var{file1} is older than @var{file2},
+or if @var{file2} exists and @var{file1} does not.
+
+@item @var{file1} -ef @var{file2}
+True if @var{file1} and @var{file2} refer to the same device and
+inode numbers.
+
+@item -o @var{optname}
+True if shell option @var{optname} is enabled.
+The list of options appears in the description of the @option{-o}
+option to the @code{set} builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item -z @var{string}
+True if the length of @var{string} is zero.
+
+@item -n @var{string}
+@itemx @var{string}
+True if the length of @var{string} is non-zero.
+
+@item @var{string1} == @var{string2}
+True if the strings are equal.
+@samp{=} may be used in place of @samp{==} for strict @sc{posix} compliance.
+
+@item @var{string1} != @var{string2}
+True if the strings are not equal.
+
+@item @var{string1} < @var{string2}
+True if @var{string1} sorts before @var{string2} lexicographically
+in the current locale.
+
+@item @var{string1} > @var{string2}
+True if @var{string1} sorts after @var{string2} lexicographically
+in the current locale.
+
+@item @var{arg1} OP @var{arg2}
+@code{OP} is one of
+@samp{-eq}, @samp{-ne}, @samp{-lt}, @samp{-le}, @samp{-gt}, or @samp{-ge}.
+These arithmetic binary operators return true if @var{arg1}
+is equal to, not equal to, less than, less than or equal to,
+greater than, or greater than or equal to @var{arg2},
+respectively. @var{Arg1} and @var{arg2}
+may be positive or negative integers.
+
+@end table
+
+@node Shell Arithmetic
+@section Shell Arithmetic
+@cindex arithmetic, shell
+@cindex shell arithmetic
+@cindex expressions, arithmetic
+@cindex evaluation, arithmetic
+@cindex arithmetic evaluation
+
+The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of
+the shell expansions or by the @code{let} and the @option{-i} option
+to the @code{declare} builtins.
+
+Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check for overflow,
+though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
+The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values
+are the same as in the C language.
+The following list of operators is grouped into levels of
+equal-precedence operators.
+The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item @var{id}++ @var{id}--
+variable post-increment and post-decrement
+
+@item ++@var{id} --@var{id}
+variable pre-increment and pre-decrement
+
+@item - +
+unary minus and plus
+
+@item ! ~
+logical and bitwise negation
+
+@item **
+exponentiation
+
+@item * / %
+multiplication, division, remainder
+
+@item + -
+addition, subtraction
+
+@item << >>
+left and right bitwise shifts
+
+@item <= >= < >
+comparison
+
+@item == !=
+equality and inequality
+
+@item &
+bitwise AND
+
+@item ^
+bitwise exclusive OR
+
+@item |
+bitwise OR
+
+@item &&
+logical AND
+
+@item ||
+logical OR
+
+@item expr ? expr : expr
+conditional operator
+
+@item = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=
+assignment
+
+@item expr1 , expr2
+comma
+@end table
+
+Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is
+performed before the expression is evaluated.
+Within an expression, shell variables may also be referenced by name
+without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to 0 when referenced
+by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
+The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression
+when it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the
+@var{integer} attribute using @samp{declare -i} is assigned a value.
+A null value evaluates to 0.
+A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on
+to be used in an expression.
+
+Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.
+A leading @samp{0x} or @samp{0X} denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise,
+numbers take the form [@var{base}@code{#}]@var{n}, where @var{base}
+is a decimal number between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic
+base, and @var{n} is a number in that base. If @var{base}@code{#} is
+omitted, then base 10 is used.
+The digits greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters,
+the uppercase letters, @samp{@@}, and @samp{_}, in that order.
+If @var{base} is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and uppercase
+letters may be used interchangably to represent numbers between 10
+and 35.
+
+Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence
+rules above.
+
+@node Aliases
+@section Aliases
+@cindex alias expansion
+
+@var{Aliases} allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
+as the first word of a simple command.
+The shell maintains a list of aliases that may be set and unset with
+the @code{alias} and @code{unalias} builtin commands.
+
+The first word of each simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see
+if it has an alias.
+If so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias.
+The alias name and the replacement text may contain any valid
+shell input, including shell metacharacters, with the exception
+that the alias name may not contain @samp{=}.
+The first word of the replacement text is tested for
+aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being expanded
+is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias
+@code{ls} to @code{"ls -F"},
+for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively expand the
+replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a
+space or tab character, then the next command word following the
+alias is also checked for alias expansion.
+
+Aliases are created and listed with the @code{alias}
+command, and removed with the @code{unalias} command.
+
+There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text,
+as in @code{csh}.
+If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used
+(@pxref{Shell Functions}).
+
+Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive,
+unless the @code{expand_aliases} shell option is set using
+@code{shopt} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are
+somewhat confusing. Bash
+always reads at least one complete line
+of input before executing any
+of the commands on that line. Aliases are expanded when a
+command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an
+alias definition appearing on the same line as another
+command does not take effect until the next line of input is read.
+The commands following the alias definition
+on that line are not affected by the new alias.
+This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
+Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read,
+not when the function is executed, because a function definition
+is itself a compound command. As a consequence, aliases
+defined in a function are not available until after that
+function is executed. To be safe, always put
+alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use @code{alias}
+in compound commands.
+
+For almost every purpose, shell functions are preferred over aliases.
+
+@node Arrays
+@section Arrays
+@cindex arrays
+
+Bash provides one-dimensional array variables. Any variable may be used as
+an array; the @code{declare} builtin will explicitly declare an array.
+There is no maximum
+limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
+be indexed or assigned contiguously. Arrays are zero-based.
+
+An array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to using
+the syntax
+@example
+name[@var{subscript}]=@var{value}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+The @var{subscript}
+is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number
+greater than or equal to zero. To explicitly declare an array, use
+@example
+declare -a @var{name}
+@end example
+@noindent
+The syntax
+@example
+declare -a @var{name}[@var{subscript}]
+@end example
+@noindent
+is also accepted; the @var{subscript} is ignored. Attributes may be
+specified for an array variable using the @code{declare} and
+@code{readonly} builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of
+an array.
+
+Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+@example
+name=(value@var{1} @dots{} value@var{n})
+@end example
+@noindent
+where each
+@var{value} is of the form @code{[[@var{subscript}]=]}@var{string}. If
+the optional subscript is supplied, that index is assigned to;
+otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
+to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
+This syntax is also accepted by the @code{declare}
+builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
+@code{name[}@var{subscript}@code{]=}@var{value} syntax introduced above.
+
+Any element of an array may be referenced using
+@code{$@{name[}@var{subscript}@code{]@}}.
+The braces are required to avoid
+conflicts with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the
+@var{subscript} is @samp{@@} or @samp{*}, the word expands to all members
+of the array @var{name}. These subscripts differ only when the word
+appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted,
+@code{$@{name[*]@}} expands to a single word with
+the value of each array member separated by the first character of the
+@env{IFS} variable, and @code{$@{name[@@]@}} expands each element of
+@var{name} to a separate word. When there are no array members,
+@code{$@{name[@@]@}} expands to nothing. This is analogous to the
+expansion of the special parameters @samp{@@} and @samp{*}.
+@code{$@{#name[}@var{subscript}@code{]@}} expands to the length of
+@code{$@{name[}@var{subscript}@code{]@}}.
+If @var{subscript} is @samp{@@} or
+@samp{*}, the expansion is the number of elements in the array.
+Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to
+referencing element zero.
+
+The @code{unset} builtin is used to destroy arrays.
+@code{unset} @var{name}[@var{subscript}]
+destroys the array element at index @var{subscript}.
+@code{unset} @var{name}, where @var{name} is an array, removes the
+entire array. A subscript of @samp{*} or @samp{@@} also removes the
+entire array.
+
+The @code{declare}, @code{local}, and @code{readonly}
+builtins each accept a @option{-a}
+option to specify an array. The @code{read}
+builtin accepts a @option{-a}
+option to assign a list of words read from the standard input
+to an array, and can read values from the standard input into
+individual array elements. The @code{set} and @code{declare}
+builtins display array values in a way that allows them to be
+reused as input.
+
+@node The Directory Stack
+@section The Directory Stack
+@cindex directory stack
+
+@menu
+* Directory Stack Builtins:: Bash builtin commands to manipulate
+ the directory stack.
+@end menu
+
+The directory stack is a list of recently-visited directories. The
+@code{pushd} builtin adds directories to the stack as it changes
+the current directory, and the @code{popd} builtin removes specified
+directories from the stack and changes the current directory to
+the directory removed. The @code{dirs} builtin displays the contents
+of the directory stack.
+
+The contents of the directory stack are also visible
+as the value of the @env{DIRSTACK} shell variable.
+
+@node Directory Stack Builtins
+@subsection Directory Stack Builtins
+
+@table @code
+
+@item dirs
+@btindex dirs
+@example
+dirs [+@var{N} | -@var{N}] [-clpv]
+@end example
+Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
+are added to the list with the @code{pushd} command; the
+@code{popd} command removes directories from the list.
+@table @code
+@item +@var{N}
+Displays the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by @code{dirs} when invoked without options), starting
+with zero.
+@item -@var{N}
+Displays the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by @code{dirs} when invoked without options), starting
+with zero.
+@item -c
+Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements.
+@item -l
+Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a
+tilde to denote the home directory.
+@item -p
+Causes @code{dirs} to print the directory stack with one entry per
+line.
+@item -v
+Causes @code{dirs} to print the directory stack with one entry per
+line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+@end table
+
+@item popd
+@btindex popd
+@example
+popd [+@var{N} | -@var{N}] [-n]
+@end example
+
+Remove the top entry from the directory stack, and @code{cd}
+to the new top directory.
+When no arguments are given, @code{popd}
+removes the top directory from the stack and
+performs a @code{cd} to the new top directory. The
+elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with
+@code{dirs}; i.e., @code{popd} is equivalent to @code{popd +0}.
+@table @code
+@item +@var{N}
+Removes the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by @code{dirs}), starting with zero.
+@item -@var{N}
+Removes the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by @code{dirs}), starting with zero.
+@item -n
+Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
+from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+@end table
+
+@btindex pushd
+@item pushd
+@example
+pushd [@var{dir} | @var{+N} | @var{-N}] [-n]
+@end example
+
+Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack
+and then @code{cd} to @var{dir}.
+With no arguments, @code{pushd} exchanges the top two directories.
+
+@table @code
+@item +@var{N}
+Brings the @var{N}th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by @code{dirs}, starting with zero) to the top of
+the list by rotating the stack.
+@item -@var{N}
+Brings the @var{N}th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by @code{dirs}, starting with zero) to the top of
+the list by rotating the stack.
+@item -n
+Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding directories
+to the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
+@item @var{dir}
+Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, and then
+executes the equivalent of `@code{cd} @var{dir}'.
+@code{cd}s to @var{dir}.
+@end table
+
+@end table
+
+@node Printing a Prompt
+@section Controlling the Prompt
+@cindex prompting
+
+The value of the variable @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} is examined just before
+Bash prints each primary prompt. If @env{PROMPT_COMMAND} is set and
+has a non-null value, then the
+value is executed just as if it had been typed on the command line.
+
+In addition, the following table describes the special characters which
+can appear in the prompt variables:
+
+@table @code
+@item \a
+A bell character.
+@item \d
+The date, in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May 26").
+@item \D@{@var{format}@}
+The @var{format} is passed to @code{strftime}(3) and the result is inserted
+into the prompt string; an empty @var{format} results in a locale-specific
+time representation. The braces are required.
+@item \e
+An escape character.
+@item \h
+The hostname, up to the first `.'.
+@item \H
+The hostname.
+@item \j
+The number of jobs currently managed by the shell.
+@item \l
+The basename of the shell's terminal device name.
+@item \n
+A newline.
+@item \r
+A carriage return.
+@item \s
+The name of the shell, the basename of @code{$0} (the portion
+following the final slash).
+@item \t
+The time, in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format.
+@item \T
+The time, in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format.
+@item \@@
+The time, in 12-hour am/pm format.
+@item \A
+The time, in 24-hour HH:MM format.
+@item \u
+The username of the current user.
+@item \v
+The version of Bash (e.g., 2.00)
+@item \V
+The release of Bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
+@item \w
+The current working directory, with @env{$HOME} abbreviated with a tilde.
+@item \W
+The basename of @env{$PWD}.
+@item \!
+The history number of this command.
+@item \#
+The command number of this command.
+@item \$
+If the effective uid is 0, @code{#}, otherwise @code{$}.
+@item \@var{nnn}
+The character whose ASCII code is the octal value @var{nnn}.
+@item \\
+A backslash.
+@item \[
+Begin a sequence of non-printing characters. This could be used to
+embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt.
+@item \]
+End a sequence of non-printing characters.
+@end table
+
+The command number and the history number are usually different:
+the history number of a command is its position in the history
+list, which may include commands restored from the history file
+(@pxref{Bash History Facilities}), while the command number is
+the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current
+shell session.
+
+After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
+parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
+@code{promptvars} shell option (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@node The Restricted Shell
+@section The Restricted Shell
+@cindex restricted shell
+
+If Bash is started with the name @code{rbash}, or the
+@option{--restricted}
+or
+@option{-r}
+option is supplied at invocation, the shell becomes restricted.
+A restricted shell is used to
+set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell.
+A restricted shell behaves identically to @code{bash}
+with the exception that the following are disallowed or not performed:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+Changing directories with the @code{cd} builtin.
+@item
+Setting or unsetting the values of the @env{SHELL}, @env{PATH},
+@env{ENV}, or @env{BASH_ENV} variables.
+@item
+Specifying command names containing slashes.
+@item
+Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the @code{.}
+builtin command.
+@item
+Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the @option{-p}
+option to the @code{hash} builtin command.
+@item
+Importing function definitions from the shell environment at startup.
+@item
+Parsing the value of @env{SHELLOPTS} from the shell environment at startup.
+@item
+Redirecting output using the @samp{>}, @samp{>|}, @samp{<>}, @samp{>&},
+@samp{&>}, and @samp{>>} redirection operators.
+@item
+Using the @code{exec} builtin to replace the shell with another command.
+@item
+Adding or deleting builtin commands with the
+@option{-f} and @option{-d} options to the @code{enable} builtin.
+@item
+Using the @code{enable} builtin command to enable disabled shell builtins.
+@item
+Specifying the @option{-p} option to the @code{command} builtin.
+@item
+Turning off restricted mode with @samp{set +r} or @samp{set +o restricted}.
+@end itemize
+
+These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
+
+When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed
+(@pxref{Shell Scripts}), @code{rbash} turns off any restrictions in
+the shell spawned to execute the script.
+
+@node Bash POSIX Mode
+@section Bash POSIX Mode
+@cindex POSIX Mode
+
+Starting Bash with the @option{--posix} command-line option or executing
+@samp{set -o posix} while Bash is running will cause Bash to conform more
+closely to the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard by changing the behavior to
+match that specified by @sc{posix} in areas where the Bash default differs.
+
+When invoked as @code{sh}, Bash enters @sc{posix} mode after reading the
+startup files.
+
+The following list is what's changed when `@sc{posix} mode' is in effect:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+When a command in the hash table no longer exists, Bash will re-search
+@env{$PATH} to find the new location. This is also available with
+@samp{shopt -s checkhash}.
+
+@item
+The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
+exits with a non-zero status is `Done(status)'.
+
+@item
+The message printed by the job control code and builtins when a job
+is stopped is `Stopped(@var{signame})', where @var{signame} is, for
+example, @code{SIGTSTP}.
+
+@item
+Reserved words may not be aliased.
+
+@item
+The @sc{posix} 1003.2 @env{PS1} and @env{PS2} expansions of @samp{!} to
+the history number and @samp{!!} to @samp{!} are enabled,
+and parameter expansion is performed on the values of @env{PS1} and
+@env{PS2} regardless of the setting of the @code{promptvars} option.
+
+@item
+The @sc{posix} 1003.2 startup files are executed (@env{$ENV}) rather than
+the normal Bash files.
+
+@item
+Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a command
+name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
+
+@item
+The default history file is @file{~/.sh_history} (this is the
+default value of @env{$HISTFILE}).
+
+@item
+The output of @samp{kill -l} prints all the signal names on a single line,
+separated by spaces, without the @samp{SIG} prefix.
+
+@item
+The @code{kill} builtin does not accept signal names with a @samp{SIG}
+prefix.
+
+@item
+Non-interactive shells exit if @var{filename} in @code{.} @var{filename}
+is not found.
+
+@item
+Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic expansion
+results in an invalid expression.
+
+@item
+Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
+in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
+
+@item
+Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in the
+redirection.
+
+@item
+Function names must be valid shell @code{name}s. That is, they may not
+contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
+may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid name
+causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
+
+@item
+@sc{posix} 1003.2 `special' builtins are found before shell functions
+during command lookup.
+
+@item
+If a @sc{posix} 1003.2 special builtin returns an error status, a
+non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
+the POSIX.2 standard, and include things like passing incorrect options,
+redirection errors, variable assignment errors for assignments preceding
+the command name, and so on.
+
+@item
+If the @code{cd} builtin finds a directory to change to
+using @env{$CDPATH}, the
+value it assigns to the @env{PWD} variable does not contain any
+symbolic links, as if @samp{cd -P} had been executed.
+
+@item
+If @env{CDPATH} is set, the @code{cd} builtin will not implicitly
+append the current directory to it. This means that @code{cd} will
+fail if no valid directory name can be constructed from
+any of the entries in @env{$CDPATH}, even if the a directory with
+the same name as the name given as an argument to @code{cd} exists
+in the current directory.
+
+@item
+A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
+statements.
+A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when trying to assign
+a value to a readonly variable.
+
+@item
+A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
+variable in a @code{for} statement or the selection variable in a
+@code{select} statement is a readonly variable.
+
+@item
+Process substitution is not available.
+
+@item
+Assignment statements preceding @sc{posix} 1003.2 special builtins
+persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
+
+@item
+Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
+shell environment after the function returns, as if a @sc{posix}
+special builtin command had been executed.
+
+@item
+The @code{export} and @code{readonly} builtin commands display their
+output in the format required by @sc{posix} 1003.2.
+
+@item
+The @code{trap} builtin displays signal names without the leading
+@code{SIG}.
+
+@item
+The @code{trap} builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
+disposition if it is. If users want to reset the handler for a given
+signal to the original disposition, they should use @samp{-} as the
+first argument.
+
+@item
+The @code{.} and @code{source} builtins do not search the current directory
+for the filename argument if it is not found by searching @env{PATH}.
+
+@item
+Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
+the @option{-e} option from the parent shell. When not in @sc{posix} mode,
+Bash clears the @option{-e} option in such subshells.
+
+@item
+Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
+
+@item
+When the @code{alias} builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+display them with a leading @samp{alias } unless the @option{-p} option
+is supplied.
+
+@item
+When the @code{set} builtin is invoked without options, it does not display
+shell function names and definitions.
+
+@item
+When the @code{set} builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell metacharacters,
+even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
+
+@item
+When the @code{cd} builtin is invoked in @var{logical} mode, and the pathname
+constructed from @code{$PWD} and the directory name supplied as an argument
+does not refer to an existing directory, @code{cd} will fail instead of
+falling back to @var{physical} mode.
+@end enumerate
+
+There is other @sc{posix} 1003.2 behavior that Bash does not implement.
+Specifically:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+Assignment statements affect the execution environment of all
+builtins, not just special ones.
+
+@item
+When a subshell is created to execute a shell script with execute permission,
+but without a leading @samp{#!}, Bash sets @code{$0} to the full pathname of
+the script as found by searching @code{$PATH}, rather than the command as
+typed by the user.
+
+@item
+When using @samp{.} to source a shell script found in @code{$PATH}, bash
+checks execute permission bits rather than read permission bits, just as
+if it were searching for a command.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+@node Job Control
+@chapter Job Control
+
+This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how
+Bash allows you to access its facilities.
+
+@menu
+* Job Control Basics:: How job control works.
+* Job Control Builtins:: Bash builtin commands used to interact
+ with job control.
+* Job Control Variables:: Variables Bash uses to customize job
+ control.
+@end menu
+
+@node Job Control Basics
+@section Job Control Basics
+@cindex job control
+@cindex foreground
+@cindex background
+@cindex suspending jobs
+
+Job control
+refers to the ability to selectively stop (suspend)
+the execution of processes and continue (resume)
+their execution at a later point. A user typically employs
+this facility via an interactive interface supplied jointly
+by the system's terminal driver and Bash.
+
+The shell associates a @var{job} with each pipeline. It keeps a
+table of currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the
+@code{jobs} command. When Bash starts a job
+asynchronously, it prints a line that looks
+like:
+@example
+[1] 25647
+@end example
+@noindent
+indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process @sc{id}
+of the last process in the pipeline associated with this job is
+25647. All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of
+the same job. Bash uses the @var{job} abstraction as the
+basis for job control.
+
+To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job
+control, the operating system maintains the notion of a current terminal
+process group @sc{id}. Members of this process group (processes whose
+process group @sc{id} is equal to the current terminal process group
+@sc{id}) receive keyboard-generated signals such as @code{SIGINT}.
+These processes are said to be in the foreground. Background
+processes are those whose process group @sc{id} differs from the
+terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-generated
+signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or
+write to the terminal. Background processes which attempt to
+read from (write to) the terminal are sent a @code{SIGTTIN}
+(@code{SIGTTOU}) signal by the terminal driver, which, unless
+caught, suspends the process.
+
+If the operating system on which Bash is running supports
+job control, Bash contains facilities to use it. Typing the
+@var{suspend} character (typically @samp{^Z}, Control-Z) while a
+process is running causes that process to be stopped and returns
+control to Bash. Typing the @var{delayed suspend} character
+(typically @samp{^Y}, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to
+be returned to Bash. The user then manipulates the state of
+this job, using the @code{bg} command to continue it in the
+background, the @code{fg} command to continue it in the
+foreground, or the @code{kill} command to kill it. A @samp{^Z}
+takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of
+causing pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
+
+There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The
+character @samp{%} introduces a job name.
+
+Job number @code{n} may be referred to as @samp{%n}.
+The symbols @samp{%%} and
+@samp{%+} refer to the shell's notion of the current job, which
+is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or started
+in the background. The
+previous job may be referenced using @samp{%-}. In output
+pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the @code{jobs} command),
+the current job is always flagged with a @samp{+}, and the
+previous job with a @samp{-}.
+
+A job may also be referred to
+using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring
+that appears in its command line. For example, @samp{%ce} refers
+to a stopped @code{ce} job. Using @samp{%?ce}, on the
+other hand, refers to any job containing the string @samp{ce} in
+its command line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job,
+Bash reports an error.
+
+Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground:
+@samp{%1} is a synonym for @samp{fg %1}, bringing job 1 from the
+background into the foreground. Similarly, @samp{%1 &} resumes
+job 1 in the background, equivalent to @samp{bg %1}
+
+The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state.
+Normally, Bash waits until it is about to print a prompt
+before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
+any other output.
+If the @option{-b} option to the @code{set} builtin is enabled,
+Bash reports such changes immediately (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+Any trap on @code{SIGCHLD} is executed for each child process
+that exits.
+
+If an attempt to exit Bash is while jobs are stopped, the
+shell prints a message warning that there are stopped jobs.
+The @code{jobs} command may then be used to inspect their status.
+If a second attempt to exit is made without an intervening command,
+Bash does not print another warning, and the stopped jobs are terminated.
+
+@node Job Control Builtins
+@section Job Control Builtins
+
+@table @code
+
+@item bg
+@btindex bg
+@example
+bg [@var{jobspec}]
+@end example
+Resume the suspended job @var{jobspec} in the background, as if it
+had been started with @samp{&}.
+If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the current job is used.
+The return status is zero unless it is run when job control is not
+enabled, or, when run with job control enabled, if @var{jobspec} was
+not found or @var{jobspec} specifies a job that was started without
+job control.
+
+@item fg
+@btindex fg
+@example
+fg [@var{jobspec}]
+@end example
+Resume the job @var{jobspec} in the foreground and make it the current job.
+If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the current job is used.
+The return status is that of the command placed into the foreground,
+or non-zero if run when job control is disabled or, when run with
+job control enabled, @var{jobspec} does not specify a valid job or
+@var{jobspec} specifies a job that was started without job control.
+
+@item jobs
+@btindex jobs
+@example
+jobs [-lnprs] [@var{jobspec}]
+jobs -x @var{command} [@var{arguments}]
+@end example
+
+The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the
+following meanings:
+
+@table @code
+@item -l
+List process @sc{id}s in addition to the normal information.
+
+@item -n
+Display information only about jobs that have changed status since
+the user was last notified of their status.
+
+@item -p
+List only the process @sc{id} of the job's process group leader.
+
+@item -r
+Restrict output to running jobs.
+
+@item -s
+Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+@end table
+
+If @var{jobspec} is given,
+output is restricted to information about that job.
+If @var{jobspec} is not supplied, the status of all jobs is
+listed.
+
+If the @option{-x} option is supplied, @code{jobs} replaces any
+@var{jobspec} found in @var{command} or @var{arguments} with the
+corresponding process group @sc{id}, and executes @var{command},
+passing it @var{argument}s, returning its exit status.
+
+@item kill
+@btindex kill
+@example
+kill [-s @var{sigspec}] [-n @var{signum}] [-@var{sigspec}] @var{jobspec} or @var{pid}
+kill -l [@var{exit_status}]
+@end example
+Send a signal specified by @var{sigspec} or @var{signum} to the process
+named by job specification @var{jobspec} or process @sc{id} @var{pid}.
+@var{sigspec} is either a signal name such as @code{SIGINT} (with or without
+the @code{SIG} prefix) or a signal number; @var{signum} is a signal number.
+If @var{sigspec} and @var{signum} are not present, @code{SIGTERM} is used.
+The @option{-l} option lists the signal names.
+If any arguments are supplied when @option{-l} is given, the names of the
+signals corresponding to the arguments are listed, and the return status
+is zero.
+@var{exit_status} is a number specifying a signal number or the exit
+status of a process terminated by a signal.
+The return status is zero if at least one signal was successfully sent,
+or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
+
+@item wait
+@btindex wait
+@example
+wait [@var{jobspec} or @var{pid}]
+@end example
+Wait until the child process specified by process @sc{id} @var{pid} or job
+specification @var{jobspec} exits and return the exit status of the last
+command waited for.
+If a job spec is given, all processes in the job are waited for.
+If no arguments are given, all currently active child processes are
+waited for, and the return status is zero.
+If neither @var{jobspec} nor @var{pid} specifies an active child process
+of the shell, the return status is 127.
+
+@item disown
+@btindex disown
+@example
+disown [-ar] [-h] [@var{jobspec} @dots{}]
+@end example
+Without options, each @var{jobspec} is removed from the table of
+active jobs.
+If the @option{-h} option is given, the job is not removed from the table,
+but is marked so that @code{SIGHUP} is not sent to the job if the shell
+receives a @code{SIGHUP}.
+If @var{jobspec} is not present, and neither the @option{-a} nor @option{-r}
+option is supplied, the current job is used.
+If no @var{jobspec} is supplied, the @option{-a} option means to remove or
+mark all jobs; the @option{-r} option without a @var{jobspec}
+argument restricts operation to running jobs.
+
+@item suspend
+@btindex suspend
+@example
+suspend [-f]
+@end example
+Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
+@code{SIGCONT} signal. The @option{-f} option means to suspend
+even if the shell is a login shell.
+
+@end table
+
+When job control is not active, the @code{kill} and @code{wait}
+builtins do not accept @var{jobspec} arguments. They must be
+supplied process @sc{id}s.
+
+@node Job Control Variables
+@section Job Control Variables
+
+@vtable @code
+
+@item auto_resume
+This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
+job control. If this variable exists then single word simple
+commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
+of an existing job. There is no ambiguity allowed; if there is
+more than one job beginning with the string typed, then
+the most recently accessed job will be selected.
+The name of a stopped job, in this context, is the command line
+used to start it. If this variable is set to the value @samp{exact},
+the string supplied must match the name of a stopped job exactly;
+if set to @samp{substring},
+the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+stopped job. The @samp{substring} value provides functionality
+analogous to the @samp{%?} job @sc{id} (@pxref{Job Control Basics}).
+If set to any other value, the supplied string must
+be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
+analogous to the @samp{%} job @sc{id}.
+
+@end vtable
+
+@set readline-appendix
+@set history-appendix
+@cindex Readline, how to use
+@include rluser.texi
+@cindex History, how to use
+@include hsuser.texi
+@clear readline-appendix
+@clear history-appendix
+
+@node Installing Bash
+@chapter Installing Bash
+
+This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on
+the various supported platforms. The distribution supports the
+@sc{gnu} operating systems, nearly every version of Unix, and several
+non-Unix systems such as BeOS and Interix.
+Other independent ports exist for
+@sc{ms-dos}, @sc{os/2}, and Windows platforms.
+
+@menu
+* Basic Installation:: Installation instructions.
+
+* Compilers and Options:: How to set special options for various
+ systems.
+
+* Compiling For Multiple Architectures:: How to compile Bash for more
+ than one kind of system from
+ the same source tree.
+
+* Installation Names:: How to set the various paths used by the installation.
+
+* Specifying the System Type:: How to configure Bash for a particular system.
+
+* Sharing Defaults:: How to share default configuration values among GNU
+ programs.
+
+* Operation Controls:: Options recognized by the configuration program.
+
+* Optional Features:: How to enable and disable optional features when
+ building Bash.
+@end menu
+
+@node Basic Installation
+@section Basic Installation
+@cindex installation
+@cindex configuration
+@cindex Bash installation
+@cindex Bash configuration
+
+These are installation instructions for Bash.
+
+The simplest way to compile Bash is:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+@code{cd} to the directory containing the source code and type
+@samp{./configure} to configure Bash for your system. If you're
+using @code{csh} on an old version of System V, you might need to
+type @samp{sh ./configure} instead to prevent @code{csh} from trying
+to execute @code{configure} itself.
+
+Running @code{configure} takes some time.
+While running, it prints messages telling which features it is
+checking for.
+
+@item
+Type @samp{make} to compile Bash and build the @code{bashbug} bug
+reporting script.
+
+@item
+Optionally, type @samp{make tests} to run the Bash test suite.
+
+@item
+Type @samp{make install} to install @code{bash} and @code{bashbug}.
+This will also install the manual pages and Info file.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+The @code{configure} shell script attempts to guess correct
+values for various system-dependent variables used during
+compilation. It uses those values to create a @file{Makefile} in
+each directory of the package (the top directory, the
+@file{builtins}, @file{doc}, and @file{support} directories,
+each directory under @file{lib}, and several others). It also creates a
+@file{config.h} file containing system-dependent definitions.
+Finally, it creates a shell script named @code{config.status} that you
+can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a
+file @file{config.cache} that saves the results of its tests to
+speed up reconfiguring, and a file @file{config.log} containing
+compiler output (useful mainly for debugging @code{configure}).
+If at some point
+@file{config.cache} contains results you don't want to keep, you
+may remove or edit it.
+
+To find out more about the options and arguments that the
+@code{configure} script understands, type
+
+@example
+bash-2.04$ ./configure --help
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+at the Bash prompt in your Bash source directory.
+
+If you need to do unusual things to compile Bash, please
+try to figure out how @code{configure} could check whether or not
+to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to
+@email{bash-maintainers@@gnu.org} so they can be
+considered for the next release.
+
+The file @file{configure.in} is used to create @code{configure}
+by a program called Autoconf. You only need
+@file{configure.in} if you want to change it or regenerate
+@code{configure} using a newer version of Autoconf. If
+you do this, make sure you are using Autoconf version 2.50 or
+newer.
+
+You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
+source code directory by typing @samp{make clean}. To also remove the
+files that @code{configure} created (so you can compile Bash for
+a different kind of computer), type @samp{make distclean}.
+
+@node Compilers and Options
+@section Compilers and Options
+
+Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking
+that the @code{configure} script does not know about. You can
+give @code{configure} initial values for variables by setting
+them in the environment. Using a Bourne-compatible shell, you
+can do that on the command line like this:
+
+@example
+CC=c89 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix ./configure
+@end example
+
+On systems that have the @code{env} program, you can do it like this:
+
+@example
+env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/include LDFLAGS=-s ./configure
+@end example
+
+The configuration process uses GCC to build Bash if it
+is available.
+
+@node Compiling For Multiple Architectures
+@section Compiling For Multiple Architectures
+
+You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the
+same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
+own directory. To do this, you must use a version of @code{make} that
+supports the @code{VPATH} variable, such as GNU @code{make}.
+@code{cd} to the
+directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
+the @code{configure} script from the source directory. You may need to
+supply the @option{--srcdir=PATH} argument to tell @code{configure} where the
+source files are. @code{configure} automatically checks for the
+source code in the directory that @code{configure} is in and in `..'.
+
+If you have to use a @code{make} that does not supports the @code{VPATH}
+variable, you can compile Bash for one architecture at a
+time in the source code directory. After you have installed
+Bash for one architecture, use @samp{make distclean} before
+reconfiguring for another architecture.
+
+Alternatively, if your system supports symbolic links, you can use the
+@file{support/mkclone} script to create a build tree which has
+symbolic links back to each file in the source directory. Here's an
+example that creates a build directory in the current directory from a
+source directory @file{/usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0}:
+
+@example
+bash /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0/support/mkclone -s /usr/gnu/src/bash-2.0 .
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+The @code{mkclone} script requires Bash, so you must have already built
+Bash for at least one architecture before you can create build
+directories for other architectures.
+
+@node Installation Names
+@section Installation Names
+
+By default, @samp{make install} will install into
+@file{/usr/local/bin}, @file{/usr/local/man}, etc. You can
+specify an installation prefix other than @file{/usr/local} by
+giving @code{configure} the option @option{--prefix=@var{PATH}},
+or by specifying a value for the @code{DESTDIR} @samp{make}
+variable when running @samp{make install}.
+
+You can specify separate installation prefixes for
+architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.
+If you give @code{configure} the option
+@option{--exec-prefix=@var{PATH}}, @samp{make install} will use
+@var{PATH} as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
+Documentation and other data files will still use the regular prefix.
+
+@node Specifying the System Type
+@section Specifying the System Type
+
+There may be some features @code{configure} can not figure out
+automatically, but need to determine by the type of host Bash
+will run on. Usually @code{configure} can figure that
+out, but if it prints a message saying it can not guess the host
+type, give it the @option{--host=TYPE} option. @samp{TYPE} can
+either be a short name for the system type, such as @samp{sun4},
+or a canonical name with three fields: @samp{CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM}
+(e.g., @samp{i386-unknown-freebsd4.2}).
+
+See the file @file{support/config.sub} for the possible
+values of each field.
+
+@node Sharing Defaults
+@section Sharing Defaults
+
+If you want to set default values for @code{configure} scripts to
+share, you can create a site shell script called
+@code{config.site} that gives default values for variables like
+@code{CC}, @code{cache_file}, and @code{prefix}. @code{configure}
+looks for @file{PREFIX/share/config.site} if it exists, then
+@file{PREFIX/etc/config.site} if it exists. Or, you can set the
+@code{CONFIG_SITE} environment variable to the location of the site
+script. A warning: the Bash @code{configure} looks for a site script,
+but not all @code{configure} scripts do.
+
+@node Operation Controls
+@section Operation Controls
+
+@code{configure} recognizes the following options to control how it
+operates.
+
+@table @code
+
+@item --cache-file=@var{file}
+Use and save the results of the tests in
+@var{file} instead of @file{./config.cache}. Set @var{file} to
+@file{/dev/null} to disable caching, for debugging
+@code{configure}.
+
+@item --help
+Print a summary of the options to @code{configure}, and exit.
+
+@item --quiet
+@itemx --silent
+@itemx -q
+Do not print messages saying which checks are being made.
+
+@item --srcdir=@var{dir}
+Look for the Bash source code in directory @var{dir}. Usually
+@code{configure} can determine that directory automatically.
+
+@item --version
+Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the @code{configure}
+script, and exit.
+@end table
+
+@code{configure} also accepts some other, not widely used, boilerplate
+options. @samp{configure --help} prints the complete list.
+
+@node Optional Features
+@section Optional Features
+
+The Bash @code{configure} has a number of @option{--enable-@var{feature}}
+options, where @var{feature} indicates an optional part of Bash.
+There are also several @option{--with-@var{package}} options,
+where @var{package} is something like @samp{bash-malloc} or @samp{purify}.
+To turn off the default use of a package, use
+@option{--without-@var{package}}. To configure Bash without a feature
+that is enabled by default, use @option{--disable-@var{feature}}.
+
+Here is a complete list of the @option{--enable-} and
+@option{--with-} options that the Bash @code{configure} recognizes.
+
+@table @code
+@item --with-afs
+Define if you are using the Andrew File System from Transarc.
+
+@item --with-bash-malloc
+Use the Bash version of
+@code{malloc} in @file{lib/malloc/malloc.c}. This is not the same
+@code{malloc} that appears in @sc{gnu} libc, but an older version
+derived from the 4.2 @sc{bsd} @code{malloc}. This @code{malloc} is
+very fast, but wastes some space on each allocation.
+This option is enabled by default.
+The @file{NOTES} file contains a list of systems for
+which this should be turned off, and @code{configure} disables this
+option automatically for a number of systems.
+
+@item --with-curses
+Use the curses library instead of the termcap library. This should
+be supplied if your system has an inadequate or incomplete termcap
+database.
+
+@item --with-gnu-malloc
+A synonym for @code{--with-bash-malloc}.
+
+@item --with-installed-readline[=@var{PREFIX}]
+Define this to make Bash link with a locally-installed version of Readline
+rather than the version in @file{lib/readline}. This works only with
+Readline 4.3 and later versions. If @var{PREFIX} is @code{yes} or not
+supplied, @code{configure} uses the values of the make variables
+@code{includedir} and @code{libdir}, which are subdirectories of @code{prefix}
+by default, to find the installed version of Readline if it is not in
+the standard system include and library directories.
+If @var{PREFIX} is @code{no}, Bash links with the version in
+@file{lib/readline}.
+If @var{PREFIX} is set to any other value, @code{configure} treats it as
+a directory pathname and looks for
+the installed version of Readline in subdirectories of that directory
+(include files in @var{PREFIX}/@code{include} and the library in
+@var{PREFIX}/@code{lib}).
+
+@item --with-purify
+Define this to use the Purify memory allocation checker from Rational
+Software.
+
+@item --enable-minimal-config
+This produces a shell with minimal features, close to the historical
+Bourne shell.
+@end table
+
+There are several @option{--enable-} options that alter how Bash is
+compiled and linked, rather than changing run-time features.
+
+@table @code
+@item --enable-largefile
+Enable support for @uref{http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html,
+large files} if the operating system requires special compiler options
+to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by
+default, if the operating system provides large file support.
+
+@item --enable-profiling
+This builds a Bash binary that produces profiling information to be
+processed by @code{gprof} each time it is executed.
+
+@item --enable-static-link
+This causes Bash to be linked statically, if @code{gcc} is being used.
+This could be used to build a version to use as root's shell.
+@end table
+
+The @samp{minimal-config} option can be used to disable all of
+the following options, but it is processed first, so individual
+options may be enabled using @samp{enable-@var{feature}}.
+
+All of the following options except for @samp{disabled-builtins} and
+@samp{xpg-echo-default} are
+enabled by default, unless the operating system does not provide the
+necessary support.
+
+@table @code
+@item --enable-alias
+Allow alias expansion and include the @code{alias} and @code{unalias}
+builtins (@pxref{Aliases}).
+
+@item --enable-arith-for-command
+Include support for the alternate form of the @code{for} command
+that behaves like the C language @code{for} statement
+(@pxref{Looping Constructs}).
+
+@item --enable-array-variables
+Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables
+(@pxref{Arrays}).
+
+@item --enable-bang-history
+Include support for @code{csh}-like history substitution
+(@pxref{History Interaction}).
+
+@item --enable-brace-expansion
+Include @code{csh}-like brace expansion
+( @code{b@{a,b@}c} @expansion{} @code{bac bbc} ).
+See @ref{Brace Expansion}, for a complete description.
+
+@item --enable-command-timing
+Include support for recognizing @code{time} as a reserved word and for
+displaying timing statistics for the pipeline following @code{time}
+(@pxref{Pipelines}).
+This allows pipelines as well as shell builtins and functions to be timed.
+
+@item --enable-cond-command
+Include support for the @code{[[} conditional command.
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item --enable-cond-regexp
+Include support for matching POSIX regular expressions using the
+@samp{=~} binary operator in the @code{[[} conditional command.
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item --enable-directory-stack
+Include support for a @code{csh}-like directory stack and the
+@code{pushd}, @code{popd}, and @code{dirs} builtins
+(@pxref{The Directory Stack}).
+
+@item --enable-disabled-builtins
+Allow builtin commands to be invoked via @samp{builtin xxx}
+even after @code{xxx} has been disabled using @samp{enable -n xxx}.
+See @ref{Bash Builtins}, for details of the @code{builtin} and
+@code{enable} builtin commands.
+
+@item --enable-dparen-arithmetic
+Include support for the @code{((@dots{}))} command
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item --enable-extended-glob
+Include support for the extended pattern matching features described
+above under @ref{Pattern Matching}.
+
+@item --enable-help-builtin
+Include the @code{help} builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and
+variables (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item --enable-history
+Include command history and the @code{fc} and @code{history}
+builtin commands (@pxref{Bash History Facilities}).
+
+@item --enable-job-control
+This enables the job control features (@pxref{Job Control}),
+if the operating system supports them.
+
+@item --enable-multibyte
+This enables support for multibyte characters if the operating
+system provides the necessary support.
+
+@item --enable-net-redirections
+This enables the special handling of filenames of the form
+@code{/dev/tcp/@var{host}/@var{port}} and
+@code{/dev/udp/@var{host}/@var{port}}
+when used in redirections (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item --enable-process-substitution
+This enables process substitution (@pxref{Process Substitution}) if
+the operating system provides the necessary support.
+
+@item --enable-prompt-string-decoding
+Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters
+in the @env{$PS1}, @env{$PS2}, @env{$PS3}, and @env{$PS4} prompt
+strings. See @ref{Printing a Prompt}, for a complete list of prompt
+string escape sequences.
+
+@item --enable-progcomp
+Enable the programmable completion facilities
+(@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
+If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect.
+
+@item --enable-readline
+Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
+version of the Readline library (@pxref{Command Line Editing}).
+
+@item --enable-restricted
+Include support for a @dfn{restricted shell}. If this is enabled, Bash,
+when called as @code{rbash}, enters a restricted mode. See
+@ref{The Restricted Shell}, for a description of restricted mode.
+
+@item --enable-select
+Include the @code{select} builtin, which allows the generation of simple
+menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item --enable-usg-echo-default
+A synonym for @code{--enable-xpg-echo-default}.
+
+@item --enable-xpg-echo-default
+Make the @code{echo} builtin expand backslash-escaped characters by default,
+without requiring the @option{-e} option.
+This sets the default value of the @code{xpg_echo} shell option to @code{on},
+which makes the Bash @code{echo} behave more like the version specified in
+the Single Unix Specification, version 2.
+@xref{Bash Builtins}, for a description of the escape sequences that
+@code{echo} recognizes.
+
+@end table
+
+The file @file{config-top.h} contains C Preprocessor
+@samp{#define} statements for options which are not settable from
+@code{configure}.
+Some of these are not meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if
+you do.
+Read the comments associated with each definition for more
+information about its effect.
+
+@node Reporting Bugs
+@appendix Reporting Bugs
+
+Please report all bugs you find in Bash.
+But first, you should
+make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+version of Bash.
+The latest version of Bash is always available for FTP from
+@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/bash/}.
+
+Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the
+@code{bashbug} command to submit a bug report.
+If you have a fix, you are encouraged to mail that as well!
+Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may be mailed
+to @email{bug-bash@@gnu.org} or posted to the Usenet
+newsgroup @code{gnu.bash.bug}.
+
+All bug reports should include:
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+The version number of Bash.
+@item
+The hardware and operating system.
+@item
+The compiler used to compile Bash.
+@item
+A description of the bug behaviour.
+@item
+A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug and may be used
+to reproduce it.
+@end itemize
+
+@noindent
+@code{bashbug} inserts the first three items automatically into
+the template it provides for filing a bug report.
+
+Please send all reports concerning this manual to
+@email{chet@@po.CWRU.Edu}.
+
+@node Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
+@appendix Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
+
+Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and
+variable expansion, redirection, and quoting as the Bourne Shell.
+Bash uses the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard as the specification of
+how these features are to be implemented. There are some
+differences between the traditional Bourne shell and Bash; this
+section quickly details the differences of significance. A
+number of these differences are explained in greater depth in
+previous sections.
+This section uses the version of @code{sh} included in SVR4.2 as
+the baseline reference.
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+Bash is @sc{posix}-conformant, even where the @sc{posix} specification
+differs from traditional @code{sh} behavior (@pxref{Bash POSIX Mode}).
+
+@item
+Bash has multi-character invocation options (@pxref{Invoking Bash}).
+
+@item
+Bash has command-line editing (@pxref{Command Line Editing}) and
+the @code{bind} builtin.
+
+@item
+Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism
+(@pxref{Programmable Completion}), and two builtin commands,
+@code{complete} and @code{compgen}, to manipulate it.
+
+@item
+Bash has command history (@pxref{Bash History Facilities}) and the
+@code{history} and @code{fc} builtins to manipulate it.
+The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the
+value of the @code{HISTTIMEFORMAT} variable to display it.
+
+@item
+Bash implements @code{csh}-like history expansion
+(@pxref{History Interaction}).
+
+@item
+Bash has one-dimensional array variables (@pxref{Arrays}), and the
+appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them.
+Several of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays.
+Bash provides a number of built-in array variables.
+
+@item
+The @code{$'@dots{}'} quoting syntax, which expands ANSI-C
+backslash-escaped characters in the text between the single quotes,
+is supported (@pxref{ANSI-C Quoting}).
+
+@item
+Bash supports the @code{$"@dots{}"} quoting syntax to do
+locale-specific translation of the characters between the double
+quotes. The @option{-D}, @option{--dump-strings}, and @option{--dump-po-strings}
+invocation options list the translatable strings found in a script
+(@pxref{Locale Translation}).
+
+@item
+Bash implements the @code{!} keyword to negate the return value of
+a pipeline (@pxref{Pipelines}).
+Very useful when an @code{if} statement needs to act only if a test fails.
+
+@item
+Bash has the @code{time} reserved word and command timing (@pxref{Pipelines}).
+The display of the timing statistics may be controlled with the
+@env{TIMEFORMAT} variable.
+
+@item
+Bash implements the @code{for (( @var{expr1} ; @var{expr2} ; @var{expr3} ))}
+arithmetic for command, similar to the C language (@pxref{Looping Constructs}).
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @code{select} compound command, which allows the
+generation of simple menus (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @code{[[} compound command, which makes conditional
+testing part of the shell grammar (@pxref{Conditional Constructs}).
+
+@item
+Bash includes brace expansion (@pxref{Brace Expansion}) and tilde
+expansion (@pxref{Tilde Expansion}).
+
+@item
+Bash implements command aliases and the @code{alias} and @code{unalias}
+builtins (@pxref{Aliases}).
+
+@item
+Bash provides shell arithmetic, the @code{((} compound command
+(@pxref{Conditional Constructs}),
+and arithmetic expansion (@pxref{Shell Arithmetic}).
+
+@item
+Variables present in the shell's initial environment are automatically
+exported to child processes. The Bourne shell does not normally do
+this unless the variables are explicitly marked using the @code{export}
+command.
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @sc{posix} pattern removal @samp{%}, @samp{#}, @samp{%%}
+and @samp{##} expansions to remove leading or trailing substrings from
+variable values (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+The expansion @code{$@{#xx@}}, which returns the length of @code{$@{xx@}},
+is supported (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+The expansion @code{$@{var:}@var{offset}@code{[:}@var{length}@code{]@}},
+which expands to the substring of @code{var}'s value of length
+@var{length}, beginning at @var{offset}, is present
+(@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+The expansion
+@code{$@{var/[/]}@var{pattern}@code{[/}@var{replacement}@code{]@}},
+which matches @var{pattern} and replaces it with @var{replacement} in
+the value of @code{var}, is available (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+The expansion @code{$@{!@var{prefix@}*}} expansion, which expands to
+the names of all shell variables whose names begin with @var{prefix},
+is available (@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+Bash has @var{indirect} variable expansion using @code{$@{!word@}}
+(@pxref{Shell Parameter Expansion}).
+
+@item
+Bash can expand positional parameters beyond @code{$9} using
+@code{$@{@var{num}@}}.
+
+@item
+The @sc{posix} @code{$()} form of command substitution
+is implemented (@pxref{Command Substitution}),
+and preferred to the Bourne shell's @code{``} (which
+is also implemented for backwards compatibility).
+
+@item
+Bash has process substitution (@pxref{Process Substitution}).
+
+@item
+Bash automatically assigns variables that provide information about the
+current user (@env{UID}, @env{EUID}, and @env{GROUPS}), the current host
+(@env{HOSTTYPE}, @env{OSTYPE}, @env{MACHTYPE}, and @env{HOSTNAME}),
+and the instance of Bash that is running (@env{BASH},
+@env{BASH_VERSION}, and @env{BASH_VERSINFO}). @xref{Bash Variables},
+for details.
+
+@item
+The @env{IFS} variable is used to split only the results of expansion,
+not all words (@pxref{Word Splitting}).
+This closes a longstanding shell security hole.
+
+@item
+Bash implements the full set of @sc{posix} 1003.2 filename expansion operators,
+including @var{character classes}, @var{equivalence classes}, and
+@var{collating symbols} (@pxref{Filename Expansion}).
+
+@item
+Bash implements extended pattern matching features when the @code{extglob}
+shell option is enabled (@pxref{Pattern Matching}).
+
+@item
+It is possible to have a variable and a function with the same name;
+@code{sh} does not separate the two name spaces.
+
+@item
+Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the
+@code{local} builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written
+(@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even
+builtins and functions (@pxref{Environment}).
+In @code{sh}, all variable assignments
+preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the
+file system.
+
+@item
+Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands
+to input and output redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item
+Bash contains the @samp{<>} redirection operator, allowing a file to be
+opened for both reading and writing, and the @samp{&>} redirection
+operator, for directing standard output and standard error to the same
+file (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item
+Bash treats a number of filenames specially when they are
+used in redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item
+Bash can open network connections to arbitrary machines and services
+with the redirection operators (@pxref{Redirections}).
+
+@item
+The @code{noclobber} option is available to avoid overwriting existing
+files with output redirection (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+The @samp{>|} redirection operator may be used to override @code{noclobber}.
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{cd} and @code{pwd} builtins (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
+each take @option{-L} and @option{-P} options to switch between logical and
+physical modes.
+
+@item
+Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and provides
+access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the
+@code{builtin} and @code{command} builtins (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The @code{command} builtin allows selective disabling of functions
+when command lookup is performed (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the @code{enable}
+builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{exec} builtin takes additional options that allow users
+to control the contents of the environment passed to the executed
+command, and what the zeroth argument to the command is to be
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment
+using @code{export -f} (@pxref{Shell Functions}).
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{export}, @code{readonly}, and @code{declare} builtins can
+take a @option{-f} option to act on shell functions, a @option{-p} option to
+display variables with various attributes set in a format that can be
+used as shell input, a @option{-n} option to remove various variable
+attributes, and @samp{name=value} arguments to set variable attributes
+and values simultaneously.
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{hash} builtin allows a name to be associated with
+an arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by
+searching the @env{$PATH}, using @samp{hash -p}
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Bash includes a @code{help} builtin for quick reference to shell
+facilities (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The @code{printf} builtin is available to display formatted output
+(@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{read} builtin (@pxref{Bash Builtins})
+will read a line ending in @samp{\} with
+the @option{-r} option, and will use the @env{REPLY} variable as a
+default if no non-option arguments are supplied.
+The Bash @code{read} builtin
+also accepts a prompt string with the @option{-p} option and will use
+Readline to obtain the line when given the @option{-e} option.
+The @code{read} builtin also has additional options to control input:
+the @option{-s} option will turn off echoing of input characters as
+they are read, the @option{-t} option will allow @code{read} to time out
+if input does not arrive within a specified number of seconds, the
+@option{-n} option will allow reading only a specified number of
+characters rather than a full line, and the @option{-d} option will read
+until a particular character rather than newline.
+
+@item
+The @code{return} builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts
+executed with the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @code{shopt} builtin, for finer control of shell
+optional capabilities (@pxref{Bash Builtins}), and allows these options
+to be set and unset at shell invocation (@pxref{Invoking Bash}).
+
+@item
+Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the @code{set}
+builtin (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item
+The @samp{-x} (@code{xtrace}) option displays commands other than
+simple commands when performing an execution trace
+(@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
+
+@item
+The @code{test} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins})
+is slightly different, as it implements the @sc{posix} algorithm,
+which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments.
+
+@item
+Bash includes the @code{caller} builtin, which displays the context of
+any active subroutine call (a shell function or a script executed with
+the @code{.} or @code{source} builtins). This supports the bash
+debugger.
+
+@item
+The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows a
+@code{DEBUG} pseudo-signal specification, similar to @code{EXIT}.
+Commands specified with a @code{DEBUG} trap are executed before every
+simple command, @code{for} command, @code{case} command,
+@code{select} command, every arithmetic @code{for} command, and before
+the first command executes in a shell function.
+The @code{DEBUG} trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
+function has been given the @code{trace} attribute or the
+@code{functrace} option has been enabled using the @code{shopt} builtin.
+The @code{extdebug} shell option has additional effects on the
+@code{DEBUG} trap.
+
+The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows an
+@code{ERR} pseudo-signal specification, similar to @code{EXIT} and @code{DEBUG}.
+Commands specified with an @code{ERR} trap are executed after a simple
+command fails, with a few exceptions.
+The @code{ERR} trap is not inherited by shell functions unless the
+@code{-o errtrace} option to the @code{set} builtin is enabled.
+
+The @code{trap} builtin (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}) allows a
+@code{RETURN} pseudo-signal specification, similar to
+@code{EXIT} and @code{DEBUG}.
+Commands specified with an @code{RETURN} trap are executed before
+execution resumes after a shell function or a shell script executed with
+@code{.} or @code{source} returns.
+The @code{RETURN} trap is not inherited by shell functions.
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{type} builtin is more extensive and gives more information
+about the names it finds (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+
+@item
+The Bash @code{umask} builtin permits a @option{-p} option to cause
+the output to be displayed in the form of a @code{umask} command
+that may be reused as input (@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}).
+
+@item
+Bash implements a @code{csh}-like directory stack, and provides the
+@code{pushd}, @code{popd}, and @code{dirs} builtins to manipulate it
+(@pxref{The Directory Stack}).
+Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value of the
+@env{DIRSTACK} shell variable.
+
+@item
+Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt
+strings when interactive (@pxref{Printing a Prompt}).
+
+@item
+The Bash restricted mode is more useful (@pxref{The Restricted Shell});
+the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited.
+
+@item
+The @code{disown} builtin can remove a job from the internal shell
+job table (@pxref{Job Control Builtins}) or suppress the sending
+of @code{SIGHUP} to a job when the shell exits as the result of a
+@code{SIGHUP}.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell has two privilege-related builtins
+(@code{mldmode} and @code{priv}) not present in Bash.
+
+@item
+Bash does not have the @code{stop} or @code{newgrp} builtins.
+
+@item
+Bash does not use the @env{SHACCT} variable or perform shell accounting.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 @code{sh} uses a @env{TIMEOUT} variable like Bash uses
+@env{TMOUT}.
+
+@end itemize
+
+@noindent
+More features unique to Bash may be found in @ref{Bash Features}.
+
+
+@appendixsec Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell
+
+Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from
+many of the limitations of the SVR4.2 shell. For instance:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+Bash does not fork a subshell when redirecting into or out of
+a shell control structure such as an @code{if} or @code{while}
+statement.
+
+@item
+Bash does not allow unbalanced quotes. The SVR4.2 shell will silently
+insert a needed closing quote at @code{EOF} under certain circumstances.
+This can be the cause of some hard-to-find errors.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell uses a baroque memory management scheme based on
+trapping @code{SIGSEGV}. If the shell is started from a process with
+@code{SIGSEGV} blocked (e.g., by using the @code{system()} C library
+function call), it misbehaves badly.
+
+@item
+In a questionable attempt at security, the SVR4.2 shell,
+when invoked without the @option{-p} option, will alter its real
+and effective @sc{uid} and @sc{gid} if they are less than some
+magic threshold value, commonly 100.
+This can lead to unexpected results.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell does not allow users to trap @code{SIGSEGV},
+@code{SIGALRM}, or @code{SIGCHLD}.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell does not allow the @env{IFS}, @env{MAILCHECK},
+@env{PATH}, @env{PS1}, or @env{PS2} variables to be unset.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell treats @samp{^} as the undocumented equivalent of
+@samp{|}.
+
+@item
+Bash allows multiple option arguments when it is invoked (@code{-x -v});
+the SVR4.2 shell allows only one option argument (@code{-xv}). In
+fact, some versions of the shell dump core if the second argument begins
+with a @samp{-}.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell exits a script if any builtin fails; Bash exits
+a script only if one of the @sc{posix} 1003.2 special builtins fails, and
+only for certain failures, as enumerated in the @sc{posix} 1003.2 standard.
+
+@item
+The SVR4.2 shell behaves differently when invoked as @code{jsh}
+(it turns on job control).
+@end itemize
+
+@node Copying This Manual
+@appendix Copying This Manual
+
+@menu
+* GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual.
+@end menu
+
+@include fdl.texi
+
+@node Builtin Index
+@unnumbered Index of Shell Builtin Commands
+@printindex bt
+
+@node Reserved Word Index
+@unnumbered Index of Shell Reserved Words
+@printindex rw
+
+@node Variable Index
+@unnumbered Parameter and Variable Index
+@printindex vr
+
+@node Function Index
+@unnumbered Function Index
+@printindex fn
+
+@node Concept Index
+@unnumbered Concept Index
+@printindex cp
+
+@bye
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.18.1
-%%CreationDate: Thu Nov 13 09:47:38 2003
+%%CreationDate: Sun Jan 25 21:10:35 2004
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%IncludeResource: font Palatino-Italic
%%IncludeResource: font Palatino-Bold
grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72
-def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron
-/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef/.notdef
+def/PL 841.89 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron
+/Zcaron/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
-/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent
+/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent
/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen
/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon
/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.18.1
-%%CreationDate: Thu Nov 13 09:47:38 2003
+%%CreationDate: Sun Jan 25 21:10:36 2004
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.18 1
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72
-def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron
-/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef/.notdef
+def/PL 841.89 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron
+/Zcaron/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
-/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent
+/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent
/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen
/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon
/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O
@ignore
-Copyright (C) 1988-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
@set EDITION 3.0
-@set VERSION 3.0-alpha
-@set UPDATED 13 November 2003
-@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2003
+@set VERSION 3.0-beta1
+@set UPDATED 24 January 2004
+@set UPDATED-MONTH January 2004
-@set LASTCHANGE Thu Nov 13 09:47:04 EST 2003
+@set LASTCHANGE Sat Jan 24 13:17:53 EST 2004
--- /dev/null
+@ignore
+Copyright (C) 1988-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@end ignore
+
+@set EDITION 3.0
+@set VERSION 3.0-alpha
+@set UPDATED 13 November 2003
+@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2003
+
+@set LASTCHANGE Thu Nov 13 09:47:04 EST 2003
#define NO_JOB -1 /* An impossible job array index. */
#define DUP_JOB -2 /* A possible return value for get_job_spec (). */
+#define BAD_JOBSPEC -3 /* Bad syntax for job spec. */
/* A value which cannot be a process ID. */
#define NO_PID (pid_t)-1
--- /dev/null
+/* jobs.h -- structures and stuff used by the jobs.c file. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+ Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+ version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+ WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+ with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software
+ Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */
+
+#if !defined (_JOBS_H_)
+# define _JOBS_H_
+
+#include "quit.h"
+#include "siglist.h"
+
+#include "stdc.h"
+
+#include "posixwait.h"
+
+/* Defines controlling the fashion in which jobs are listed. */
+#define JLIST_STANDARD 0
+#define JLIST_LONG 1
+#define JLIST_PID_ONLY 2
+#define JLIST_CHANGED_ONLY 3
+#define JLIST_NONINTERACTIVE 4
+
+/* I looked it up. For pretty_print_job (). The real answer is 24. */
+#define LONGEST_SIGNAL_DESC 24
+
+/* We keep an array of jobs. Each entry in the array is a linked list
+ of processes that are piped together. The first process encountered is
+ the group leader. */
+
+/* Values for the `running' field of a struct process. */
+#define PS_DONE 0
+#define PS_RUNNING 1
+#define PS_STOPPED 2
+
+/* Each child of the shell is remembered in a STRUCT PROCESS. A chain of
+ such structures is a pipeline. The chain is circular. */
+typedef struct process {
+ struct process *next; /* Next process in the pipeline. A circular chain. */
+ pid_t pid; /* Process ID. */
+ WAIT status; /* The status of this command as returned by wait. */
+ int running; /* Non-zero if this process is running. */
+ char *command; /* The particular program that is running. */
+} PROCESS;
+
+/* PRUNNING really means `not exited' */
+#define PRUNNING(p) ((p)->running || WIFSTOPPED((p)->status))
+#define PSTOPPED(p) (WIFSTOPPED((p)->status))
+#define PDEADPROC(p) ((p)->running == PS_DONE)
+
+/* A description of a pipeline's state. */
+typedef enum { JRUNNING, JSTOPPED, JDEAD, JMIXED } JOB_STATE;
+#define JOBSTATE(job) (jobs[(job)]->state)
+
+#define STOPPED(j) (jobs[(j)]->state == JSTOPPED)
+#define RUNNING(j) (jobs[(j)]->state == JRUNNING)
+#define DEADJOB(j) (jobs[(j)]->state == JDEAD)
+
+/* Values for the FLAGS field in the JOB struct below. */
+#define J_FOREGROUND 0x01 /* Non-zero if this is running in the foreground. */
+#define J_NOTIFIED 0x02 /* Non-zero if already notified about job state. */
+#define J_JOBCONTROL 0x04 /* Non-zero if this job started under job control. */
+#define J_NOHUP 0x08 /* Don't send SIGHUP to job if shell gets SIGHUP. */
+
+#define IS_FOREGROUND(j) ((jobs[j]->flags & J_FOREGROUND) != 0)
+#define IS_NOTIFIED(j) ((jobs[j]->flags & J_NOTIFIED) != 0)
+#define IS_JOBCONTROL(j) ((jobs[j]->flags & J_JOBCONTROL) != 0)
+
+typedef struct job {
+ char *wd; /* The working directory at time of invocation. */
+ PROCESS *pipe; /* The pipeline of processes that make up this job. */
+ pid_t pgrp; /* The process ID of the process group (necessary). */
+ JOB_STATE state; /* The state that this job is in. */
+ int flags; /* Flags word: J_NOTIFIED, J_FOREGROUND, or J_JOBCONTROL. */
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ COMMAND *deferred; /* Commands that will execute when this job is done. */
+ sh_vptrfunc_t *j_cleanup; /* Cleanup function to call when job marked JDEAD */
+ PTR_T cleanarg; /* Argument passed to (*j_cleanup)() */
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+} JOB;
+
+#define NO_JOB -1 /* An impossible job array index. */
+#define DUP_JOB -2 /* A possible return value for get_job_spec (). */
+
+/* A value which cannot be a process ID. */
+#define NO_PID (pid_t)-1
+
+/* System calls. */
+#if !defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+extern pid_t fork (), getpid (), getpgrp ();
+#endif /* !HAVE_UNISTD_H */
+
+/* Stuff from the jobs.c file. */
+extern pid_t original_pgrp, shell_pgrp, pipeline_pgrp;
+extern pid_t last_made_pid, last_asynchronous_pid;
+extern int current_job, previous_job;
+extern int asynchronous_notification;
+extern JOB **jobs;
+extern int job_slots;
+
+extern void making_children __P((void));
+extern void stop_making_children __P((void));
+extern void cleanup_the_pipeline __P((void));
+extern void save_pipeline __P((int));
+extern void restore_pipeline __P((int));
+extern void start_pipeline __P((void));
+extern int stop_pipeline __P((int, COMMAND *));
+
+extern void delete_job __P((int, int));
+extern void nohup_job __P((int));
+extern void delete_all_jobs __P((int));
+extern void nohup_all_jobs __P((int));
+
+extern int count_all_jobs __P((void));
+
+extern void terminate_current_pipeline __P((void));
+extern void terminate_stopped_jobs __P((void));
+extern void hangup_all_jobs __P((void));
+extern void kill_current_pipeline __P((void));
+
+#if defined (__STDC__) && defined (pid_t)
+extern int get_job_by_pid __P((int, int));
+extern void describe_pid __P((int));
+#else
+extern int get_job_by_pid __P((pid_t, int));
+extern void describe_pid __P((pid_t));
+#endif
+
+extern void list_one_job __P((JOB *, int, int, int));
+extern void list_all_jobs __P((int));
+extern void list_stopped_jobs __P((int));
+extern void list_running_jobs __P((int));
+
+extern pid_t make_child __P((char *, int));
+
+extern int get_tty_state __P((void));
+extern int set_tty_state __P((void));
+
+extern int wait_for_single_pid __P((pid_t));
+extern void wait_for_background_pids __P((void));
+extern int wait_for __P((pid_t));
+extern int wait_for_job __P((int));
+
+extern void notify_and_cleanup __P((void));
+extern void reap_dead_jobs __P((void));
+extern int start_job __P((int, int));
+extern int kill_pid __P((pid_t, int, int));
+extern int initialize_job_control __P((int));
+extern void initialize_job_signals __P((void));
+extern int give_terminal_to __P((pid_t, int));
+
+extern void set_sigwinch_handler __P((void));
+extern void unset_sigwinch_handler __P((void));
+
+extern void unfreeze_jobs_list __P((void));
+extern int set_job_control __P((int));
+extern void without_job_control __P((void));
+extern void end_job_control __P((void));
+extern void restart_job_control __P((void));
+extern void set_sigchld_handler __P((void));
+extern void ignore_tty_job_signals __P((void));
+extern void default_tty_job_signals __P((void));
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+extern int job_control;
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _JOBS_H_ */
DEFS = @DEFS@
LOCAL_DEFS = @LOCAL_DEFS@
+LIBBUILD = ${BUILD_DIR}/lib
+
BASHINCDIR = ${topdir}/include
-INCLUDES = -I. -I../.. -I$(topdir) -I$(BASHINCDIR) -I$(topdir)/lib
+INTL_LIBSRC = ${topdir}/lib/intl
+INTL_BUILDDIR = ${LIBBUILD}/intl
+INTL_INC = @INTL_INC@
+LIBINTL_H = @LIBINTL_H@
+
+INCLUDES = -I. -I../.. -I$(topdir) -I$(BASHINCDIR) -I$(topdir)/lib $(INTL_INC)
CCFLAGS = ${PROFILE_FLAGS} ${INCLUDES} $(DEFS) $(LOCAL_DEFS) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) \
$(CFLAGS) $(MALLOC_CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)
table.o: ${srcdir}/imalloc.h ${srcdir}/table.h
watch.o: ${srcdir}/imalloc.h ${srcdir}/watch.h
-malloc.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
-stats.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
-trace.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
-table.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
-watch.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
+malloc.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
+stats.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
+trace.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
+table.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
+watch.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
# Rules for deficient makes, like SunOS and Solaris
stub.o: stub.c
/* complete.c -- filename completion for readline. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for
reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
/* display.c -- readline redisplay facility. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for
reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
function or @code{rl_already_prompted} variable is used.
It returns the number of visible characters on the last line of the
(possibly multi-line) prompt.
+Applications may indicate that the prompt contains characters that take
+up no physical screen space when displayed by bracketing a sequence of
+such characters with the special markers @code{RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE}
+and @code{RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE} (declared in @file{readline.h}. This may
+be used to embed terminal-specific escape sequences in prompts.
@end deftypefun
@deftypefun int rl_set_prompt (const char *prompt)
@set EDITION 5.0
@set VERSION 5.0
-@set UPDATED 8 January 2004
+@set UPDATED 15 January 2004
@set UPDATED-MONTH January 2003
-@set LASTCHANGE Thu Jan 8 10:34:23 EST 2004
+@set LASTCHANGE Thu Jan 15 09:05:10 EST 2004
/* mbutil.c -- readline multibyte character utility functions */
-/* Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for
reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
/* if this is true, means that seed was not pointed character
started byte. So correct the point and consume count */
if (seed < point)
- count --;
+ count--;
while (count > 0)
{
/* Readline.h -- the names of functions callable from within readline. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU Readline Library, a library for
reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
topdir = @top_srcdir@
BUILD_DIR = @BUILD_DIR@
+LIBBUILD = ${BUILD_DIR}/lib
+
BASHINCDIR = ${topdir}/include
+INTL_LIBSRC = ${topdir}/lib/intl
+INTL_BUILDDIR = ${LIBBUILD}/intl
+INTL_INC = @INTL_INC@
+LIBINTL_H = @LIBINTL_H@
+
INSTALL = @INSTALL@
INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
DEFS = @DEFS@
LOCAL_DEFS = @LOCAL_DEFS@
-INCLUDES = -I. -I../.. -I$(topdir) -I$(topdir)/lib -I$(BASHINCDIR) -I$(srcdir)
+INCLUDES = -I. -I../.. -I$(topdir) -I$(topdir)/lib -I$(BASHINCDIR) -I$(srcdir) $(INTL_INC)
CCFLAGS = ${PROFILE_FLAGS} ${INCLUDES} $(DEFS) $(LOCAL_DEFS) $(LOCAL_CFLAGS) \
$(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)
netopen.o: ${topdir}/unwind_prot.h ${topdir}/dispose_cmd.h
netopen.o: ${topdir}/make_cmd.h ${topdir}/subst.h ${topdir}/sig.h
netopen.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/pathnames.h ${topdir}/externs.h ${BUILD_DIR}/version.h
-netopen.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
+netopen.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} $(BASHINCDIR)/gettext.h
oslib.o: ${topdir}/bashtypes.h ${topdir}/bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h
oslib.o: ${topdir}/shell.h ${topdir}/syntax.h ${topdir}/bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h
fmtulong.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
fmtulong.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
fmtulong.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/typemax.h
-fmtulong.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
+fmtulong.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
fmtullong.o: ${topdir}/bashansi.h
fmtullong.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
fmtullong.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
fmtullong.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
fmtullong.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/typemax.h
-fmtullong.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
+fmtullong.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
fmtumax.o: ${topdir}/bashansi.h
fmtumax.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
fmtumax.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/chartypes.h
fmtumax.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
fmtumax.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/typemax.h
-fmtumax.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
+fmtumax.o: ${topdir}/bashintl.h ${LIBINTL_H} ${BASHINCDIR}/gettext.h
xstrchr.o: ${topdir}/bashansi.h
xstrchr.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
/* Yacc grammar for bash. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
case 'W':
{
/* Use the value of PWD because it is much more efficient. */
- char t_string[PATH_MAX];
+ char t_string[PATH_MAX], *t;
int tlen;
temp = get_string_value ("PWD");
#define ROOT_PATH(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == 0)
#define DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == '/' && (x)[2] == 0)
- if (c == 'W')
+ /* Abbreviate \W as ~ if $PWD == $HOME */
+ if (c == 'W' && (((t = get_string_value ("HOME")) == 0) || STREQ (t, temp) == 0))
{
if (ROOT_PATH (t_string) == 0 && DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT (t_string) == 0)
{
--- /dev/null
+/* Yacc grammar for bash. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+ Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+ version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+ WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
+ for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+ with Bash; see the file LICENSE. If not, write to the Free Software
+ Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA. */
+
+%{
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#include "filecntl.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HAVE_LOCALE_H)
+# include <locale.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "chartypes.h"
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include "memalloc.h"
+
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#define NEED_STRFTIME_DECL /* used in externs.h */
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "trap.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "parser.h"
+#include "mailcheck.h"
+#include "test.h"
+#include "builtins/common.h"
+#include "builtins/builtext.h"
+
+#include "shmbutil.h"
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+# include "bashline.h"
+# include <readline/readline.h>
+#endif /* READLINE */
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+# include "bashhist.h"
+# include <readline/history.h>
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+# include "jobs.h"
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+# include "alias.h"
+#else
+typedef void *alias_t;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+#if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
+# ifndef _MINIX
+# include <sys/param.h>
+# endif
+# include <time.h>
+# if defined (TM_IN_SYS_TIME)
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/time.h>
+# endif /* TM_IN_SYS_TIME */
+# include "maxpath.h"
+#endif /* PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
+
+#define RE_READ_TOKEN -99
+#define NO_EXPANSION -100
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+# define YYDEBUG 1
+#else
+# define YYDEBUG 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+# define last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte \
+ ((shell_input_line_index > 1) \
+ ? shell_input_line_property[shell_input_line_index - 1] \
+ : 1)
+# define MBTEST(x) ((x) && last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte)
+#else
+# define last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte 1
+# define MBTEST(x) ((x))
+#endif
+
+#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
+extern int extended_glob;
+#endif
+
+extern int eof_encountered;
+extern int no_line_editing, running_under_emacs;
+extern int current_command_number;
+extern int sourcelevel;
+extern int posixly_correct;
+extern int last_command_exit_value;
+extern int interrupt_immediately;
+extern char *shell_name, *current_host_name;
+extern char *dist_version;
+extern int patch_level;
+extern int dump_translatable_strings, dump_po_strings;
+extern sh_builtin_func_t *last_shell_builtin, *this_shell_builtin;
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+extern int bash_input_fd_changed;
+#endif
+
+extern int errno;
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* "Forward" declarations */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static void debug_parser __P((int));
+#endif
+
+static int yy_getc __P((void));
+static int yy_ungetc __P((int));
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+static int yy_readline_get __P((void));
+static int yy_readline_unget __P((int));
+#endif
+
+static int yy_string_get __P((void));
+static int yy_string_unget __P((int));
+static int yy_stream_get __P((void));
+static int yy_stream_unget __P((int));
+
+static int shell_getc __P((int));
+static void shell_ungetc __P((int));
+static void discard_until __P((int));
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+static void push_string __P((char *, int, alias_t *));
+static void pop_string __P((void));
+static void free_string_list __P((void));
+#endif
+
+static char *read_a_line __P((int));
+
+static int reserved_word_acceptable __P((int));
+static int yylex __P((void));
+static int alias_expand_token __P((char *));
+static int time_command_acceptable __P((void));
+static int special_case_tokens __P((char *));
+static int read_token __P((int));
+static char *parse_matched_pair __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static char *parse_compound_assignment __P((int *));
+#endif
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+static int parse_dparen __P((int));
+static int parse_arith_cmd __P((char **, int));
+#endif
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static void cond_error __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_expr __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_or __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_and __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_term __P((void));
+static int cond_skip_newlines __P((void));
+static COMMAND *parse_cond_command __P((void));
+#endif
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static int token_is_assignment __P((char *, int));
+static int token_is_ident __P((char *, int));
+#endif
+static int read_token_word __P((int));
+static void discard_parser_constructs __P((int));
+
+static char *error_token_from_token __P((int));
+static char *error_token_from_text __P((void));
+static void print_offending_line __P((void));
+static void report_syntax_error __P((char *));
+
+static void handle_eof_input_unit __P((void));
+static void prompt_again __P((void));
+#if 0
+static void reset_readline_prompt __P((void));
+#endif
+static void print_prompt __P((void));
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+char *history_delimiting_chars __P((void));
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static void set_line_mbstate __P((void));
+static char *shell_input_line_property = NULL;
+#else
+# define set_line_mbstate()
+#endif
+
+extern int yyerror __P((const char *));
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+extern int yydebug;
+#endif
+
+/* Default prompt strings */
+char *primary_prompt = PPROMPT;
+char *secondary_prompt = SPROMPT;
+
+/* PROMPT_STRING_POINTER points to one of these, never to an actual string. */
+char *ps1_prompt, *ps2_prompt;
+
+/* Handle on the current prompt string. Indirectly points through
+ ps1_ or ps2_prompt. */
+char **prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL;
+char *current_prompt_string;
+
+/* Non-zero means we expand aliases in commands. */
+int expand_aliases = 0;
+
+/* If non-zero, the decoded prompt string undergoes parameter and
+ variable substitution, command substitution, arithmetic substitution,
+ string expansion, process substitution, and quote removal in
+ decode_prompt_string. */
+int promptvars = 1;
+
+/* If non-zero, $'...' and $"..." are expanded when they appear within
+ a ${...} expansion, even when the expansion appears within double
+ quotes. */
+int extended_quote = 1;
+
+/* The decoded prompt string. Used if READLINE is not defined or if
+ editing is turned off. Analogous to current_readline_prompt. */
+static char *current_decoded_prompt;
+
+/* The number of lines read from input while creating the current command. */
+int current_command_line_count;
+
+/* Variables to manage the task of reading here documents, because we need to
+ defer the reading until after a complete command has been collected. */
+static REDIRECT *redir_stack[10];
+int need_here_doc;
+
+/* Where shell input comes from. History expansion is performed on each
+ line when the shell is interactive. */
+static char *shell_input_line = (char *)NULL;
+static int shell_input_line_index;
+static int shell_input_line_size; /* Amount allocated for shell_input_line. */
+static int shell_input_line_len; /* strlen (shell_input_line) */
+
+/* Either zero or EOF. */
+static int shell_input_line_terminator;
+
+/* The line number in a script on which a function definition starts. */
+static int function_dstart;
+
+/* The line number in a script on which a function body starts. */
+static int function_bstart;
+
+/* The line number in a script at which an arithmetic for command starts. */
+static int arith_for_lineno;
+
+/* The line number in a script where the word in a `case WORD', `select WORD'
+ or `for WORD' begins. This is a nested command maximum, since the array
+ index is decremented after a case, select, or for command is parsed. */
+#define MAX_CASE_NEST 128
+static int word_lineno[MAX_CASE_NEST];
+static int word_top = -1;
+
+/* If non-zero, it is the token that we want read_token to return
+ regardless of what text is (or isn't) present to be read. This
+ is reset by read_token. If token_to_read == WORD or
+ ASSIGNMENT_WORD, yylval.word should be set to word_desc_to_read. */
+static int token_to_read;
+static WORD_DESC *word_desc_to_read;
+
+static REDIRECTEE redir;
+%}
+
+%union {
+ WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */
+ int number; /* the number that we read. */
+ WORD_LIST *word_list;
+ COMMAND *command;
+ REDIRECT *redirect;
+ ELEMENT element;
+ PATTERN_LIST *pattern;
+}
+
+/* Reserved words. Members of the first group are only recognized
+ in the case that they are preceded by a list_terminator. Members
+ of the second group are for [[...]] commands. Members of the
+ third group are recognized only under special circumstances. */
+%token IF THEN ELSE ELIF FI CASE ESAC FOR SELECT WHILE UNTIL DO DONE FUNCTION
+%token COND_START COND_END COND_ERROR
+%token IN BANG TIME TIMEOPT
+
+/* More general tokens. yylex () knows how to make these. */
+%token <word> WORD ASSIGNMENT_WORD
+%token <number> NUMBER
+%token <word_list> ARITH_CMD ARITH_FOR_EXPRS
+%token <command> COND_CMD
+%token AND_AND OR_OR GREATER_GREATER LESS_LESS LESS_AND LESS_LESS_LESS
+%token GREATER_AND SEMI_SEMI LESS_LESS_MINUS AND_GREATER LESS_GREATER
+%token GREATER_BAR
+
+/* The types that the various syntactical units return. */
+
+%type <command> inputunit command pipeline pipeline_command
+%type <command> list list0 list1 compound_list simple_list simple_list1
+%type <command> simple_command shell_command
+%type <command> for_command select_command case_command group_command
+%type <command> arith_command
+%type <command> cond_command
+%type <command> arith_for_command
+%type <command> function_def function_body if_command elif_clause subshell
+%type <redirect> redirection redirection_list
+%type <element> simple_command_element
+%type <word_list> word_list pattern
+%type <pattern> pattern_list case_clause_sequence case_clause
+%type <number> timespec
+%type <number> list_terminator
+
+%start inputunit
+
+%left '&' ';' '\n' yacc_EOF
+%left AND_AND OR_OR
+%right '|'
+%%
+
+inputunit: simple_list simple_list_terminator
+ {
+ /* Case of regular command. Discard the error
+ safety net,and return the command just parsed. */
+ global_command = $1;
+ eof_encountered = 0;
+ /* discard_parser_constructs (0); */
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ | '\n'
+ {
+ /* Case of regular command, but not a very
+ interesting one. Return a NULL command. */
+ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ | error '\n'
+ {
+ /* Error during parsing. Return NULL command. */
+ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ eof_encountered = 0;
+ /* discard_parser_constructs (1); */
+ if (interactive)
+ {
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ YYABORT;
+ }
+ }
+ | yacc_EOF
+ {
+ /* Case of EOF seen by itself. Do ignoreeof or
+ not. */
+ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ handle_eof_input_unit ();
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ ;
+
+word_list: WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($1, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); }
+ | word_list WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($2, $1); }
+ ;
+
+redirection: '>' WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_output_direction, redir);
+ }
+ | '<' WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_input_direction, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER '>' WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_output_direction, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER '<' WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_input_direction, redir);
+ }
+ | GREATER_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_appending_to, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_appending_to, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_reading_until, redir);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_reading_until, redir);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | LESS_LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_reading_string, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_reading_string, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ redir.dest = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_duplicating_input, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ redir.dest = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_input, redir);
+ }
+ | GREATER_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ redir.dest = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_duplicating_output, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ redir.dest = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_output, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_AND WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_duplicating_input_word, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_AND WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_input_word, redir);
+ }
+ | GREATER_AND WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_duplicating_output_word, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_AND WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_duplicating_output_word, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection
+ (0, r_deblank_reading_until, redir);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection
+ ($1, r_deblank_reading_until, redir);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | GREATER_AND '-'
+ {
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_close_this, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_AND '-'
+ {
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_close_this, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_AND '-'
+ {
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_close_this, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_AND '-'
+ {
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_close_this, redir);
+ }
+ | AND_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_err_and_out, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_input_output, redir);
+ }
+ | LESS_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (0, r_input_output, redir);
+ }
+ | GREATER_BAR WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (1, r_output_force, redir);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_BAR WORD
+ {
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection ($1, r_output_force, redir);
+ }
+ ;
+
+simple_command_element: WORD
+ { $$.word = $1; $$.redirect = 0; }
+ | ASSIGNMENT_WORD
+ { $$.word = $1; $$.redirect = 0; }
+ | redirection
+ { $$.redirect = $1; $$.word = 0; }
+ ;
+
+redirection_list: redirection
+ {
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ | redirection_list redirection
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+
+ for (t = $1; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $2;
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ ;
+
+simple_command: simple_command_element
+ { $$ = make_simple_command ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | simple_command simple_command_element
+ { $$ = make_simple_command ($2, $1); }
+ ;
+
+command: simple_command
+ { $$ = clean_simple_command ($1); }
+ | shell_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | shell_command redirection_list
+ {
+ COMMAND *tc;
+
+ tc = $1;
+ if (tc->redirects)
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+ for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $2;
+ }
+ else
+ tc->redirects = $2;
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ | function_def
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+shell_command: for_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | case_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | WHILE compound_list DO compound_list DONE
+ { $$ = make_while_command ($2, $4); }
+ | UNTIL compound_list DO compound_list DONE
+ { $$ = make_until_command ($2, $4); }
+ | select_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | if_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | subshell
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | group_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | arith_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | cond_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | arith_for_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+for_command: FOR WORD newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD ';' newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD ';' newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, (WORD_LIST *)NULL, $8, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, (WORD_LIST *)NULL, $8, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+arith_for_command: FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $6, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $6, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $4, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $4, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+select_command: SELECT WORD newline_list DO list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD newline_list '{' list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD ';' newline_list DO list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD ';' newline_list '{' list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list DO list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list '{' list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+case_command: CASE WORD newline_list IN newline_list ESAC
+ {
+ $$ = make_case_command ($2, (PATTERN_LIST *)NULL, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | CASE WORD newline_list IN case_clause_sequence newline_list ESAC
+ {
+ $$ = make_case_command ($2, $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | CASE WORD newline_list IN case_clause ESAC
+ {
+ $$ = make_case_command ($2, $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+function_def: WORD '(' ')' newline_list function_body
+ { $$ = make_function_def ($1, $5, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
+
+ | FUNCTION WORD '(' ')' newline_list function_body
+ { $$ = make_function_def ($2, $6, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
+
+ | FUNCTION WORD newline_list function_body
+ { $$ = make_function_def ($2, $4, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
+ ;
+
+
+function_body: shell_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | shell_command redirection_list
+ {
+ COMMAND *tc;
+
+ tc = $1;
+ /* According to Posix.2 3.9.5, redirections
+ specified after the body of a function should
+ be attached to the function and performed when
+ the function is executed, not as part of the
+ function definition command. */
+ /* XXX - I don't think it matters, but we might
+ want to change this in the future to avoid
+ problems differentiating between a function
+ definition with a redirection and a function
+ definition containing a single command with a
+ redirection. The two are semantically equivalent,
+ though -- the only difference is in how the
+ command printing code displays the redirections. */
+ if (tc->redirects)
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+ for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $2;
+ }
+ else
+ tc->redirects = $2;
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ ;
+
+subshell: '(' compound_list ')'
+ {
+ $$ = make_subshell_command ($2);
+ $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL;
+ }
+ ;
+
+if_command: IF compound_list THEN compound_list FI
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | IF compound_list THEN compound_list ELSE compound_list FI
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $6); }
+ | IF compound_list THEN compound_list elif_clause FI
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $5); }
+ ;
+
+
+group_command: '{' compound_list '}'
+ { $$ = make_group_command ($2); }
+ ;
+
+arith_command: ARITH_CMD
+ { $$ = make_arith_command ($1); }
+ ;
+
+cond_command: COND_START COND_CMD COND_END
+ { $$ = $2; }
+ ;
+
+elif_clause: ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list ELSE compound_list
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $6); }
+ | ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list elif_clause
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $5); }
+ ;
+
+case_clause: pattern_list
+ | case_clause_sequence pattern_list
+ { $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
+ ;
+
+pattern_list: newline_list pattern ')' compound_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, $4); }
+ | newline_list pattern ')' newline_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | newline_list '(' pattern ')' compound_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, $5); }
+ | newline_list '(' pattern ')' newline_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ ;
+
+case_clause_sequence: pattern_list SEMI_SEMI
+ | case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_SEMI
+ { $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
+ ;
+
+pattern: WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($1, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); }
+ | pattern '|' WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($3, $1); }
+ ;
+
+/* A list allows leading or trailing newlines and
+ newlines as operators (equivalent to semicolons).
+ It must end with a newline or semicolon.
+ Lists are used within commands such as if, for, while. */
+
+list: newline_list list0
+ {
+ $$ = $2;
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ }
+ ;
+
+compound_list: list
+ | newline_list list1
+ {
+ $$ = $2;
+ }
+ ;
+
+list0: list1 '\n' newline_list
+ | list1 '&' newline_list
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ }
+ | list1 ';' newline_list
+
+ ;
+
+list1: list1 AND_AND newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, AND_AND); }
+ | list1 OR_OR newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, OR_OR); }
+ | list1 '&' newline_list list1
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, $4, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '&');
+ }
+ | list1 ';' newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, ';'); }
+ | list1 '\n' newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, ';'); }
+ | pipeline_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+simple_list_terminator: '\n'
+ | yacc_EOF
+ ;
+
+list_terminator:'\n'
+ { $$ = '\n'; }
+ | ';'
+ { $$ = ';'; }
+ | yacc_EOF
+ { $$ = yacc_EOF; }
+ ;
+
+newline_list:
+ | newline_list '\n'
+ ;
+
+/* A simple_list is a list that contains no significant newlines
+ and no leading or trailing newlines. Newlines are allowed
+ only following operators, where they are not significant.
+
+ This is what an inputunit consists of. */
+
+simple_list: simple_list1
+ {
+ $$ = $1;
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ }
+ | simple_list1 '&'
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ }
+ | simple_list1 ';'
+ {
+ $$ = $1;
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ }
+ ;
+
+simple_list1: simple_list1 AND_AND newline_list simple_list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, AND_AND); }
+ | simple_list1 OR_OR newline_list simple_list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, OR_OR); }
+ | simple_list1 '&' simple_list1
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, $3, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, $3, '&');
+ }
+ | simple_list1 ';' simple_list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $3, ';'); }
+
+ | pipeline_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+pipeline_command: pipeline
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | BANG pipeline
+ {
+ $2->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+ $$ = $2;
+ }
+ | timespec pipeline
+ {
+ $2->flags |= $1;
+ $$ = $2;
+ }
+ | timespec BANG pipeline
+ {
+ $3->flags |= $1|CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+ $$ = $3;
+ }
+ | BANG timespec pipeline
+ {
+ $3->flags |= $2|CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+ $$ = $3;
+ }
+ | timespec list_terminator
+ {
+ ELEMENT x;
+
+ /* Boy, this is unclean. `time' by itself can
+ time a null command. We cheat and push a
+ newline back if the list_terminator was a newline
+ to avoid the double-newline problem (one to
+ terminate this, one to terminate the command) */
+ x.word = 0;
+ x.redirect = 0;
+ $$ = make_simple_command (x, (COMMAND *)NULL);
+ $$->flags |= $1;
+ /* XXX - let's cheat and push a newline back */
+ if ($2 == '\n')
+ token_to_read = '\n';
+ }
+
+ ;
+
+pipeline:
+ pipeline '|' newline_list pipeline
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '|'); }
+ | command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+timespec: TIME
+ { $$ = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE; }
+ | TIME TIMEOPT
+ { $$ = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE|CMD_TIME_POSIX; }
+ ;
+%%
+
+/* Possible states for the parser that require it to do special things. */
+#define PST_CASEPAT 0x0001 /* in a case pattern list */
+#define PST_ALEXPNEXT 0x0002 /* expand next word for aliases */
+#define PST_ALLOWOPNBRC 0x0004 /* allow open brace for function def */
+#define PST_NEEDCLOSBRC 0x0008 /* need close brace */
+#define PST_DBLPAREN 0x0010 /* double-paren parsing */
+#define PST_SUBSHELL 0x0020 /* ( ... ) subshell */
+#define PST_CMDSUBST 0x0040 /* $( ... ) command substitution */
+#define PST_CASESTMT 0x0080 /* parsing a case statement */
+#define PST_CONDCMD 0x0100 /* parsing a [[...]] command */
+#define PST_CONDEXPR 0x0200 /* parsing the guts of [[...]] */
+#define PST_ARITHFOR 0x0400 /* parsing an arithmetic for command */
+#define PST_ALEXPAND 0x0800 /* OK to expand aliases - unused */
+#define PST_CMDTOKEN 0x1000 /* command token OK - unused */
+#define PST_COMPASSIGN 0x2000 /* parsing x=(...) compound assignment */
+
+/* Initial size to allocate for tokens, and the
+ amount to grow them by. */
+#define TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE 496
+#define TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE 512
+
+/* Should we call prompt_again? */
+#define SHOULD_PROMPT() \
+ (interactive && (bash_input.type == st_stdin || bash_input.type == st_stream))
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+# define expanding_alias() (pushed_string_list && pushed_string_list->expander)
+#else
+# define expanding_alias() 0
+#endif
+
+/* The token currently being read. */
+static int current_token;
+
+/* The last read token, or NULL. read_token () uses this for context
+ checking. */
+static int last_read_token;
+
+/* The token read prior to last_read_token. */
+static int token_before_that;
+
+/* The token read prior to token_before_that. */
+static int two_tokens_ago;
+
+/* The current parser state. */
+static int parser_state;
+
+/* Global var is non-zero when end of file has been reached. */
+int EOF_Reached = 0;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static void
+debug_parser (i)
+ int i;
+{
+#if YYDEBUG != 0
+ yydebug = i;
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+/* yy_getc () returns the next available character from input or EOF.
+ yy_ungetc (c) makes `c' the next character to read.
+ init_yy_io (get, unget, type, location) makes the function GET the
+ installed function for getting the next character, makes UNGET the
+ installed function for un-getting a character, sets the type of stream
+ (either string or file) from TYPE, and makes LOCATION point to where
+ the input is coming from. */
+
+/* Unconditionally returns end-of-file. */
+int
+return_EOF ()
+{
+ return (EOF);
+}
+
+/* Variable containing the current get and unget functions.
+ See ./input.h for a clearer description. */
+BASH_INPUT bash_input;
+
+/* Set all of the fields in BASH_INPUT to NULL. Free bash_input.name if it
+ is non-null, avoiding a memory leak. */
+void
+initialize_bash_input ()
+{
+ bash_input.type = st_none;
+ FREE (bash_input.name);
+ bash_input.name = (char *)NULL;
+ bash_input.location.file = (FILE *)NULL;
+ bash_input.location.string = (char *)NULL;
+ bash_input.getter = (sh_cget_func_t *)NULL;
+ bash_input.ungetter = (sh_cunget_func_t *)NULL;
+}
+
+/* Set the contents of the current bash input stream from
+ GET, UNGET, TYPE, NAME, and LOCATION. */
+void
+init_yy_io (get, unget, type, name, location)
+ sh_cget_func_t *get;
+ sh_cunget_func_t *unget;
+ enum stream_type type;
+ const char *name;
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+{
+ bash_input.type = type;
+ FREE (bash_input.name);
+ bash_input.name = name ? savestring (name) : (char *)NULL;
+
+ /* XXX */
+#if defined (CRAY)
+ memcpy((char *)&bash_input.location.string, (char *)&location.string, sizeof(location));
+#else
+ bash_input.location = location;
+#endif
+ bash_input.getter = get;
+ bash_input.ungetter = unget;
+}
+
+char *
+yy_input_name ()
+{
+ return (bash_input.name ? bash_input.name : "stdin");
+}
+
+/* Call this to get the next character of input. */
+static int
+yy_getc ()
+{
+ return (*(bash_input.getter)) ();
+}
+
+/* Call this to unget C. That is, to make C the next character
+ to be read. */
+static int
+yy_ungetc (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ return (*(bash_input.ungetter)) (c);
+}
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+int
+input_file_descriptor ()
+{
+ switch (bash_input.type)
+ {
+ case st_stream:
+ return (fileno (bash_input.location.file));
+ case st_bstream:
+ return (bash_input.location.buffered_fd);
+ case st_stdin:
+ default:
+ return (fileno (stdin));
+ }
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Let input be read from readline (). */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+char *current_readline_prompt = (char *)NULL;
+char *current_readline_line = (char *)NULL;
+int current_readline_line_index = 0;
+
+static int
+yy_readline_get ()
+{
+ SigHandler *old_sigint;
+ int line_len;
+ unsigned char c;
+
+ if (!current_readline_line)
+ {
+ if (!bash_readline_initialized)
+ initialize_readline ();
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ if (job_control)
+ give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp, 0);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ old_sigint = (SigHandler *)NULL;
+ if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0)
+ {
+ old_sigint = (SigHandler *)set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler);
+ interrupt_immediately++;
+ }
+
+ current_readline_line = readline (current_readline_prompt ?
+ current_readline_prompt : "");
+
+ if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0 && old_sigint)
+ {
+ interrupt_immediately--;
+ set_signal_handler (SIGINT, old_sigint);
+ }
+
+#if 0
+ /* Reset the prompt to the decoded value of prompt_string_pointer. */
+ reset_readline_prompt ();
+#endif
+
+ if (current_readline_line == 0)
+ return (EOF);
+
+ current_readline_line_index = 0;
+ line_len = strlen (current_readline_line);
+
+ current_readline_line = (char *)xrealloc (current_readline_line, 2 + line_len);
+ current_readline_line[line_len++] = '\n';
+ current_readline_line[line_len] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ if (current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index] == 0)
+ {
+ free (current_readline_line);
+ current_readline_line = (char *)NULL;
+ return (yy_readline_get ());
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ c = current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index++];
+ return (c);
+ }
+}
+
+static int
+yy_readline_unget (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ if (current_readline_line_index && current_readline_line)
+ current_readline_line[--current_readline_line_index] = c;
+ return (c);
+}
+
+void
+with_input_from_stdin ()
+{
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+
+ if (bash_input.type != st_stdin && stream_on_stack (st_stdin) == 0)
+ {
+ location.string = current_readline_line;
+ init_yy_io (yy_readline_get, yy_readline_unget,
+ st_stdin, "readline stdin", location);
+ }
+}
+
+#else /* !READLINE */
+
+void
+with_input_from_stdin ()
+{
+ with_input_from_stream (stdin, "stdin");
+}
+#endif /* !READLINE */
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Let input come from STRING. STRING is zero terminated. */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+static int
+yy_string_get ()
+{
+ register char *string;
+ register unsigned char c;
+
+ string = bash_input.location.string;
+
+ /* If the string doesn't exist, or is empty, EOF found. */
+ if (string && *string)
+ {
+ c = *string++;
+ bash_input.location.string = string;
+ return (c);
+ }
+ else
+ return (EOF);
+}
+
+static int
+yy_string_unget (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ *(--bash_input.location.string) = c;
+ return (c);
+}
+
+void
+with_input_from_string (string, name)
+ char *string;
+ const char *name;
+{
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+
+ location.string = string;
+ init_yy_io (yy_string_get, yy_string_unget, st_string, name, location);
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Let input come from STREAM. */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* These two functions used to test the value of the HAVE_RESTARTABLE_SYSCALLS
+ define, and just use getc/ungetc if it was defined, but since bash
+ installs its signal handlers without the SA_RESTART flag, some signals
+ (like SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH, etc.) received during a read(2) will not cause
+ the read to be restarted. We need to restart it ourselves. */
+
+static int
+yy_stream_get ()
+{
+ int result;
+
+ result = EOF;
+ if (bash_input.location.file)
+ result = getc_with_restart (bash_input.location.file);
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+static int
+yy_stream_unget (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ return (ungetc_with_restart (c, bash_input.location.file));
+}
+
+void
+with_input_from_stream (stream, name)
+ FILE *stream;
+ const char *name;
+{
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+
+ location.file = stream;
+ init_yy_io (yy_stream_get, yy_stream_unget, st_stream, name, location);
+}
+
+typedef struct stream_saver {
+ struct stream_saver *next;
+ BASH_INPUT bash_input;
+ int line;
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ BUFFERED_STREAM *bstream;
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+} STREAM_SAVER;
+
+/* The globally known line number. */
+int line_number = 0;
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static int cond_lineno;
+static int cond_token;
+#endif
+
+STREAM_SAVER *stream_list = (STREAM_SAVER *)NULL;
+
+void
+push_stream (reset_lineno)
+ int reset_lineno;
+{
+ STREAM_SAVER *saver = (STREAM_SAVER *)xmalloc (sizeof (STREAM_SAVER));
+
+ xbcopy ((char *)&bash_input, (char *)&(saver->bash_input), sizeof (BASH_INPUT));
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ saver->bstream = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL;
+ /* If we have a buffered stream, clear out buffers[fd]. */
+ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0)
+ saver->bstream = set_buffered_stream (bash_input.location.buffered_fd,
+ (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL);
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+ saver->line = line_number;
+ bash_input.name = (char *)NULL;
+ saver->next = stream_list;
+ stream_list = saver;
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ if (reset_lineno)
+ line_number = 0;
+}
+
+void
+pop_stream ()
+{
+ if (!stream_list)
+ EOF_Reached = 1;
+ else
+ {
+ STREAM_SAVER *saver = stream_list;
+
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ stream_list = stream_list->next;
+
+ init_yy_io (saver->bash_input.getter,
+ saver->bash_input.ungetter,
+ saver->bash_input.type,
+ saver->bash_input.name,
+ saver->bash_input.location);
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ /* If we have a buffered stream, restore buffers[fd]. */
+ /* If the input file descriptor was changed while this was on the
+ save stack, update the buffered fd to the new file descriptor and
+ re-establish the buffer <-> bash_input fd correspondence. */
+ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0)
+ {
+ if (bash_input_fd_changed)
+ {
+ bash_input_fd_changed = 0;
+ if (default_buffered_input >= 0)
+ {
+ bash_input.location.buffered_fd = default_buffered_input;
+ saver->bstream->b_fd = default_buffered_input;
+ SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (default_buffered_input);
+ }
+ }
+ /* XXX could free buffered stream returned as result here. */
+ set_buffered_stream (bash_input.location.buffered_fd, saver->bstream);
+ }
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+ line_number = saver->line;
+
+ FREE (saver->bash_input.name);
+ free (saver);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if a stream of type TYPE is saved on the stack. */
+int
+stream_on_stack (type)
+ enum stream_type type;
+{
+ register STREAM_SAVER *s;
+
+ for (s = stream_list; s; s = s->next)
+ if (s->bash_input.type == type)
+ return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Save the current token state and return it in a malloced array. */
+int *
+save_token_state ()
+{
+ int *ret;
+
+ ret = (int *)xmalloc (3 * sizeof (int));
+ ret[0] = last_read_token;
+ ret[1] = token_before_that;
+ ret[2] = two_tokens_ago;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+void
+restore_token_state (ts)
+ int *ts;
+{
+ if (ts == 0)
+ return;
+ last_read_token = ts[0];
+ token_before_that = ts[1];
+ two_tokens_ago = ts[2];
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is used to inhibit alias expansion and reserved word recognition
+ * inside case statement pattern lists. A `case statement pattern list' is:
+ *
+ * everything between the `in' in a `case word in' and the next ')'
+ * or `esac'
+ * everything between a `;;' and the next `)' or `esac'
+ */
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+
+#define END_OF_ALIAS 0
+
+/*
+ * Pseudo-global variables used in implementing token-wise alias expansion.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Pushing and popping strings. This works together with shell_getc to
+ * implement alias expansion on a per-token basis.
+ */
+
+typedef struct string_saver {
+ struct string_saver *next;
+ int expand_alias; /* Value to set expand_alias to when string is popped. */
+ char *saved_line;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ alias_t *expander; /* alias that caused this line to be pushed. */
+#endif
+ int saved_line_size, saved_line_index, saved_line_terminator;
+} STRING_SAVER;
+
+STRING_SAVER *pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL;
+
+/*
+ * Push the current shell_input_line onto a stack of such lines and make S
+ * the current input. Used when expanding aliases. EXPAND is used to set
+ * the value of expand_next_token when the string is popped, so that the
+ * word after the alias in the original line is handled correctly when the
+ * alias expands to multiple words. TOKEN is the token that was expanded
+ * into S; it is saved and used to prevent infinite recursive expansion.
+ */
+static void
+push_string (s, expand, ap)
+ char *s;
+ int expand;
+ alias_t *ap;
+{
+ STRING_SAVER *temp = (STRING_SAVER *)xmalloc (sizeof (STRING_SAVER));
+
+ temp->expand_alias = expand;
+ temp->saved_line = shell_input_line;
+ temp->saved_line_size = shell_input_line_size;
+ temp->saved_line_index = shell_input_line_index;
+ temp->saved_line_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ temp->expander = ap;
+#endif
+ temp->next = pushed_string_list;
+ pushed_string_list = temp;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (ap)
+ ap->flags |= AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
+#endif
+
+ shell_input_line = s;
+ shell_input_line_size = strlen (s);
+ shell_input_line_index = 0;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = '\0';
+#if 0
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT; /* XXX */
+#endif
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make the top of the pushed_string stack be the current shell input.
+ * Only called when there is something on the stack. Called from shell_getc
+ * when it thinks it has consumed the string generated by an alias expansion
+ * and needs to return to the original input line.
+ */
+static void
+pop_string ()
+{
+ STRING_SAVER *t;
+
+ FREE (shell_input_line);
+ shell_input_line = pushed_string_list->saved_line;
+ shell_input_line_index = pushed_string_list->saved_line_index;
+ shell_input_line_size = pushed_string_list->saved_line_size;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = pushed_string_list->saved_line_terminator;
+
+ if (pushed_string_list->expand_alias)
+ parser_state |= PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+ else
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+
+ t = pushed_string_list;
+ pushed_string_list = pushed_string_list->next;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (t->expander)
+ t->expander->flags &= ~AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
+#endif
+
+ free ((char *)t);
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+}
+
+static void
+free_string_list ()
+{
+ register STRING_SAVER *t, *t1;
+
+ for (t = pushed_string_list; t; )
+ {
+ t1 = t->next;
+ FREE (t->saved_line);
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (t->expander)
+ t->expander->flags &= ~AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
+#endif
+ free ((char *)t);
+ t = t1;
+ }
+ pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL;
+}
+
+#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+void
+free_pushed_string_input ()
+{
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ free_string_list ();
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Return a line of text, taken from wherever yylex () reads input.
+ If there is no more input, then we return NULL. If REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE
+ is non-zero, we remove unquoted \<newline> pairs. This is used by
+ read_secondary_line to read here documents. */
+static char *
+read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline)
+ int remove_quoted_newline;
+{
+ static char *line_buffer = (char *)NULL;
+ static int buffer_size = 0;
+ int indx = 0, c, peekc, pass_next;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (no_line_editing && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+#else
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+#endif
+ print_prompt ();
+
+ pass_next = 0;
+ while (1)
+ {
+ c = yy_getc ();
+
+ /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
+ QUIT;
+
+ /* Ignore null bytes in input. */
+ if (c == 0)
+ {
+#if 0
+ internal_warning ("read_a_line: ignored null byte in input");
+#endif
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* If there is no more input, then we return NULL. */
+ if (c == EOF)
+ {
+ if (interactive && bash_input.type == st_stream)
+ clearerr (stdin);
+ if (indx == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ c = '\n';
+ }
+
+ /* `+2' in case the final character in the buffer is a newline. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (line_buffer, indx, 2, buffer_size, 128);
+
+ /* IF REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINES is non-zero, we are reading a
+ here document with an unquoted delimiter. In this case,
+ the line will be expanded as if it were in double quotes.
+ We allow a backslash to escape the next character, but we
+ need to treat the backslash specially only if a backslash
+ quoting a backslash-newline pair appears in the line. */
+ if (pass_next)
+ {
+ line_buffer[indx++] = c;
+ pass_next = 0;
+ }
+ else if (c == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline)
+ {
+ peekc = yy_getc ();
+ if (peekc == '\n')
+ {
+ line_number++;
+ continue; /* Make the unquoted \<newline> pair disappear. */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ yy_ungetc (peekc);
+ pass_next = 1;
+ line_buffer[indx++] = c; /* Preserve the backslash. */
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ line_buffer[indx++] = c;
+
+ if (c == '\n')
+ {
+ line_buffer[indx] = '\0';
+ return (line_buffer);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return a line as in read_a_line (), but insure that the prompt is
+ the secondary prompt. This is used to read the lines of a here
+ document. REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE is non-zero if we should remove
+ newlines quoted with backslashes while reading the line. It is
+ non-zero unless the delimiter of the here document was quoted. */
+char *
+read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline)
+ int remove_quoted_newline;
+{
+ prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt;
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT())
+ prompt_again ();
+ return (read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline));
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* YYLEX () */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Reserved words. These are only recognized as the first word of a
+ command. */
+STRING_INT_ALIST word_token_alist[] = {
+ { "if", IF },
+ { "then", THEN },
+ { "else", ELSE },
+ { "elif", ELIF },
+ { "fi", FI },
+ { "case", CASE },
+ { "esac", ESAC },
+ { "for", FOR },
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ { "select", SELECT },
+#endif
+ { "while", WHILE },
+ { "until", UNTIL },
+ { "do", DO },
+ { "done", DONE },
+ { "in", IN },
+ { "function", FUNCTION },
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ { "time", TIME },
+#endif
+ { "{", '{' },
+ { "}", '}' },
+ { "!", BANG },
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ { "[[", COND_START },
+ { "]]", COND_END },
+#endif
+ { (char *)NULL, 0}
+};
+
+/* other tokens that can be returned by read_token() */
+STRING_INT_ALIST other_token_alist[] = {
+ /* Multiple-character tokens with special values */
+ { "-p", TIMEOPT },
+ { "&&", AND_AND },
+ { "||", OR_OR },
+ { ">>", GREATER_GREATER },
+ { "<<", LESS_LESS },
+ { "<&", LESS_AND },
+ { ">&", GREATER_AND },
+ { ";;", SEMI_SEMI },
+ { "<<-", LESS_LESS_MINUS },
+ { "<<<", LESS_LESS_LESS },
+ { "&>", AND_GREATER },
+ { "<>", LESS_GREATER },
+ { ">|", GREATER_BAR },
+ { "EOF", yacc_EOF },
+ /* Tokens whose value is the character itself */
+ { ">", '>' },
+ { "<", '<' },
+ { "-", '-' },
+ { "{", '{' },
+ { "}", '}' },
+ { ";", ';' },
+ { "(", '(' },
+ { ")", ')' },
+ { "|", '|' },
+ { "&", '&' },
+ { "newline", '\n' },
+ { (char *)NULL, 0}
+};
+
+/* others not listed here:
+ WORD look at yylval.word
+ ASSIGNMENT_WORD look at yylval.word
+ NUMBER look at yylval.number
+ ARITH_CMD look at yylval.word_list
+ ARITH_FOR_EXPRS look at yylval.word_list
+ COND_CMD look at yylval.command
+*/
+
+/* These are used by read_token_word, but appear up here so that shell_getc
+ can use them to decide when to add otherwise blank lines to the history. */
+
+/* The primary delimiter stack. */
+struct dstack dstack = { (char *)NULL, 0, 0 };
+
+/* A temporary delimiter stack to be used when decoding prompt strings.
+ This is needed because command substitutions in prompt strings (e.g., PS2)
+ can screw up the parser's quoting state. */
+static struct dstack temp_dstack = { (char *)NULL, 0, 0 };
+
+/* Macro for accessing the top delimiter on the stack. Returns the
+ delimiter or zero if none. */
+#define current_delimiter(ds) \
+ (ds.delimiter_depth ? ds.delimiters[ds.delimiter_depth - 1] : 0)
+
+#define push_delimiter(ds, character) \
+ do \
+ { \
+ if (ds.delimiter_depth + 2 > ds.delimiter_space) \
+ ds.delimiters = (char *)xrealloc \
+ (ds.delimiters, (ds.delimiter_space += 10) * sizeof (char)); \
+ ds.delimiters[ds.delimiter_depth] = character; \
+ ds.delimiter_depth++; \
+ } \
+ while (0)
+
+#define pop_delimiter(ds) ds.delimiter_depth--
+
+/* Return the next shell input character. This always reads characters
+ from shell_input_line; when that line is exhausted, it is time to
+ read the next line. This is called by read_token when the shell is
+ processing normal command input. */
+
+/* This implements one-character lookahead/lookbehind across physical input
+ lines, to avoid something being lost because it's pushed back with
+ shell_ungetc when we're at the start of a line. */
+static int eol_ungetc_lookahead = 0;
+
+static int
+shell_getc (remove_quoted_newline)
+ int remove_quoted_newline;
+{
+ register int i;
+ int c;
+ unsigned char uc;
+ static int mustpop = 0;
+
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (eol_ungetc_lookahead)
+ {
+ c = eol_ungetc_lookahead;
+ eol_ungetc_lookahead = 0;
+ return (c);
+ }
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ /* If shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == 0, but there is
+ something on the pushed list of strings, then we don't want to go
+ off and get another line. We let the code down below handle it. */
+
+ if (!shell_input_line || ((!shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]) &&
+ (pushed_string_list == (STRING_SAVER *)NULL)))
+#else /* !ALIAS && !DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+ if (!shell_input_line || !shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index])
+#endif /* !ALIAS && !DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+ {
+ line_number++;
+
+ restart_read:
+
+ /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
+ QUIT;
+
+ i = 0;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = 0;
+
+ /* If the shell is interatctive, but not currently printing a prompt
+ (interactive_shell && interactive == 0), we don't want to print
+ notifies or cleanup the jobs -- we want to defer it until we do
+ print the next prompt. */
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 || SHOULD_PROMPT())
+ {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* This can cause a problem when reading a command as the result
+ of a trap, when the trap is called from flush_child. This call
+ had better not cause jobs to disappear from the job table in
+ that case, or we will have big trouble. */
+ notify_and_cleanup ();
+#else /* !JOB_CONTROL */
+ cleanup_dead_jobs ();
+#endif /* !JOB_CONTROL */
+ }
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (no_line_editing && SHOULD_PROMPT())
+#else
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT())
+#endif
+ print_prompt ();
+
+ if (bash_input.type == st_stream)
+ clearerr (stdin);
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ c = yy_getc ();
+
+ /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (c == '\0')
+ {
+#if 0
+ internal_warning ("shell_getc: ignored null byte in input");
+#endif
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (shell_input_line, i, 2, shell_input_line_size, 256);
+
+ if (c == EOF)
+ {
+ if (bash_input.type == st_stream)
+ clearerr (stdin);
+
+ if (i == 0)
+ shell_input_line_terminator = EOF;
+
+ shell_input_line[i] = '\0';
+ break;
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line[i++] = c;
+
+ if (c == '\n')
+ {
+ shell_input_line[--i] = '\0';
+ current_command_line_count++;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line_index = 0;
+ shell_input_line_len = i; /* == strlen (shell_input_line) */
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ if (remember_on_history && shell_input_line && shell_input_line[0])
+ {
+ char *expansions;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ int old_hist;
+
+ /* If the current delimiter is a single quote, we should not be
+ performing history expansion, even if we're on a different
+ line from the original single quote. */
+ old_hist = history_expansion_inhibited;
+ if (current_delimiter (dstack) == '\'')
+ history_expansion_inhibited = 1;
+# endif
+ expansions = pre_process_line (shell_input_line, 1, 1);
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = old_hist;
+# endif
+ if (expansions != shell_input_line)
+ {
+ free (shell_input_line);
+ shell_input_line = expansions;
+ shell_input_line_len = shell_input_line ?
+ strlen (shell_input_line) : 0;
+ if (!shell_input_line_len)
+ current_command_line_count--;
+
+ /* We have to force the xrealloc below because we don't know
+ the true allocated size of shell_input_line anymore. */
+ shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_len;
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+ }
+ }
+ /* Try to do something intelligent with blank lines encountered while
+ entering multi-line commands. XXX - this is grotesque */
+ else if (remember_on_history && shell_input_line &&
+ shell_input_line[0] == '\0' &&
+ current_command_line_count > 1)
+ {
+ if (current_delimiter (dstack))
+ /* We know shell_input_line[0] == 0 and we're reading some sort of
+ quoted string. This means we've got a line consisting of only
+ a newline in a quoted string. We want to make sure this line
+ gets added to the history. */
+ maybe_add_history (shell_input_line);
+ else
+ {
+ char *hdcs;
+ hdcs = history_delimiting_chars ();
+ if (hdcs && hdcs[0] == ';')
+ maybe_add_history (shell_input_line);
+ }
+ }
+
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+ if (shell_input_line)
+ {
+ /* Lines that signify the end of the shell's input should not be
+ echoed. */
+ if (echo_input_at_read && (shell_input_line[0] ||
+ shell_input_line_terminator != EOF))
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", shell_input_line);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ shell_input_line_size = 0;
+ prompt_string_pointer = ¤t_prompt_string;
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ goto restart_read;
+ }
+
+ /* Add the newline to the end of this string, iff the string does
+ not already end in an EOF character. */
+ if (shell_input_line_terminator != EOF)
+ {
+ if (shell_input_line_len + 3 > shell_input_line_size)
+ shell_input_line = (char *)xrealloc (shell_input_line,
+ 1 + (shell_input_line_size += 2));
+
+ shell_input_line[shell_input_line_len] = '\n';
+ shell_input_line[shell_input_line_len + 1] = '\0';
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+ }
+ }
+
+ uc = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index];
+
+ if (uc)
+ shell_input_line_index++;
+
+ if MBTEST(uc == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == '\n')
+ {
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ line_number++;
+ goto restart_read;
+ }
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ /* If UC is NULL, we have reached the end of the current input string. If
+ pushed_string_list is non-empty, it's time to pop to the previous string
+ because we have fully consumed the result of the last alias expansion.
+ Do it transparently; just return the next character of the string popped
+ to. */
+ if (!uc && (pushed_string_list != (STRING_SAVER *)NULL))
+ {
+ pop_string ();
+ uc = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index];
+ if (uc)
+ shell_input_line_index++;
+ }
+#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+ if (!uc && shell_input_line_terminator == EOF)
+ return ((shell_input_line_index != 0) ? '\n' : EOF);
+
+ return (uc);
+}
+
+/* Put C back into the input for the shell. This might need changes for
+ HANDLE_MULTIBYTE around EOLs. Since we (currently) never push back a
+ character different than we read, shell_input_line_property doesn't need
+ to change when manipulating shell_input_line. The define for
+ last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte should take care of it, though. */
+static void
+shell_ungetc (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_index)
+ shell_input_line[--shell_input_line_index] = c;
+ else
+ eol_ungetc_lookahead = c;
+}
+
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+/* Back the input pointer up by one, effectively `ungetting' a character. */
+static void
+shell_ungetchar ()
+{
+ if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_index)
+ shell_input_line_index--;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Discard input until CHARACTER is seen, then push that character back
+ onto the input stream. */
+static void
+discard_until (character)
+ int character;
+{
+ int c;
+
+ while ((c = shell_getc (0)) != EOF && c != character)
+ ;
+
+ if (c != EOF)
+ shell_ungetc (c);
+}
+
+void
+execute_prompt_command (command)
+ char *command;
+{
+ char *last_lastarg;
+ sh_parser_state_t ps;
+
+ save_parser_state (&ps);
+ last_lastarg = get_string_value ("_");
+ if (last_lastarg)
+ last_lastarg = savestring (last_lastarg);
+
+ parse_and_execute (savestring (command), "PROMPT_COMMAND", SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST);
+
+ restore_parser_state (&ps);
+ bind_variable ("_", last_lastarg);
+ FREE (last_lastarg);
+
+ if (token_to_read == '\n') /* reset_parser was called */
+ token_to_read = 0;
+}
+
+/* Place to remember the token. We try to keep the buffer
+ at a reasonable size, but it can grow. */
+static char *token = (char *)NULL;
+
+/* Current size of the token buffer. */
+static int token_buffer_size;
+
+/* Command to read_token () explaining what we want it to do. */
+#define READ 0
+#define RESET 1
+#define prompt_is_ps1 \
+ (!prompt_string_pointer || prompt_string_pointer == &ps1_prompt)
+
+/* Function for yyparse to call. yylex keeps track of
+ the last two tokens read, and calls read_token. */
+static int
+yylex ()
+{
+ if (interactive && (current_token == 0 || current_token == '\n'))
+ {
+ /* Before we print a prompt, we might have to check mailboxes.
+ We do this only if it is time to do so. Notice that only here
+ is the mail alarm reset; nothing takes place in check_mail ()
+ except the checking of mail. Please don't change this. */
+ if (prompt_is_ps1 && time_to_check_mail ())
+ {
+ check_mail ();
+ reset_mail_timer ();
+ }
+
+ /* Avoid printing a prompt if we're not going to read anything, e.g.
+ after resetting the parser with read_token (RESET). */
+ if (token_to_read == 0 && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ }
+
+ two_tokens_ago = token_before_that;
+ token_before_that = last_read_token;
+ last_read_token = current_token;
+ current_token = read_token (READ);
+ return (current_token);
+}
+
+/* When non-zero, we have read the required tokens
+ which allow ESAC to be the next one read. */
+static int esacs_needed_count;
+
+void
+gather_here_documents ()
+{
+ int r = 0;
+ while (need_here_doc)
+ {
+ make_here_document (redir_stack[r++]);
+ need_here_doc--;
+ }
+}
+
+/* When non-zero, an open-brace used to create a group is awaiting a close
+ brace partner. */
+static int open_brace_count;
+
+#define command_token_position(token) \
+ (((token) == ASSIGNMENT_WORD) || \
+ ((token) != SEMI_SEMI && reserved_word_acceptable(token)))
+
+#define assignment_acceptable(token) \
+ (command_token_position(token) && ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0))
+
+/* Check to see if TOKEN is a reserved word and return the token
+ value if it is. */
+#define CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD(tok) \
+ do { \
+ if (!dollar_present && !quoted && \
+ reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token)) \
+ { \
+ int i; \
+ for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word != (char *)NULL; i++) \
+ if (STREQ (tok, word_token_alist[i].word)) \
+ { \
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) && (word_token_alist[i].token != ESAC)) \
+ break; \
+ if (word_token_alist[i].token == TIME && time_command_acceptable () == 0) \
+ break; \
+ if (word_token_alist[i].token == ESAC) \
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_CASEPAT|PST_CASESTMT); \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == CASE) \
+ parser_state |= PST_CASESTMT; \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == COND_END) \
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR); \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == COND_START) \
+ parser_state |= PST_CONDCMD; \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == '{') \
+ open_brace_count++; \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == '}' && open_brace_count) \
+ open_brace_count--; \
+ return (word_token_alist[i].token); \
+ } \
+ } \
+ } while (0)
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+
+ /* OK, we have a token. Let's try to alias expand it, if (and only if)
+ it's eligible.
+
+ It is eligible for expansion if EXPAND_ALIASES is set, and
+ the token is unquoted and the last token read was a command
+ separator (or expand_next_token is set), and we are currently
+ processing an alias (pushed_string_list is non-empty) and this
+ token is not the same as the current or any previously
+ processed alias.
+
+ Special cases that disqualify:
+ In a pattern list in a case statement (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT). */
+
+static char *
+mk_alexpansion (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ int l;
+ char *r;
+
+ l = strlen (s);
+ r = xmalloc (l + 2);
+ strcpy (r, s);
+ if (r[l -1] != ' ')
+ r[l++] = ' ';
+ r[l] = '\0';
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int
+alias_expand_token (tokstr)
+ char *tokstr;
+{
+ char *expanded;
+ alias_t *ap;
+
+ if (((parser_state & PST_ALEXPNEXT) || command_token_position (last_read_token)) &&
+ (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0)
+ {
+ ap = find_alias (tokstr);
+
+ /* Currently expanding this token. */
+ if (ap && (ap->flags & AL_BEINGEXPANDED))
+ return (NO_EXPANSION);
+
+ /* mk_alexpansion puts an extra space on the end of the alias expansion,
+ so the lookahead by the parser works right. If this gets changed,
+ make sure the code in shell_getc that deals with reaching the end of
+ an expanded alias is changed with it. */
+ expanded = ap ? mk_alexpansion (ap->value) : (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (expanded)
+ {
+ push_string (expanded, ap->flags & AL_EXPANDNEXT, ap);
+ return (RE_READ_TOKEN);
+ }
+ else
+ /* This is an eligible token that does not have an expansion. */
+ return (NO_EXPANSION);
+ }
+ return (NO_EXPANSION);
+}
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+static int
+time_command_acceptable ()
+{
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ switch (last_read_token)
+ {
+ case 0:
+ case ';':
+ case '\n':
+ case AND_AND:
+ case OR_OR:
+ case '&':
+ case DO:
+ case THEN:
+ case ELSE:
+ case '{': /* } */
+ case '(': /* ) */
+ return 1;
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+#else
+ return 0;
+#endif /* COMMAND_TIMING */
+}
+
+/* Handle special cases of token recognition:
+ IN is recognized if the last token was WORD and the token
+ before that was FOR or CASE or SELECT.
+
+ DO is recognized if the last token was WORD and the token
+ before that was FOR or SELECT.
+
+ ESAC is recognized if the last token caused `esacs_needed_count'
+ to be set
+
+ `{' is recognized if the last token as WORD and the token
+ before that was FUNCTION, or if we just parsed an arithmetic
+ `for' command.
+
+ `}' is recognized if there is an unclosed `{' present.
+
+ `-p' is returned as TIMEOPT if the last read token was TIME.
+
+ ']]' is returned as COND_END if the parser is currently parsing
+ a conditional expression ((parser_state & PST_CONDEXPR) != 0)
+
+ `time' is returned as TIME if and only if it is immediately
+ preceded by one of `;', `\n', `||', `&&', or `&'.
+*/
+
+static int
+special_case_tokens (tokstr)
+ char *tokstr;
+{
+ if ((last_read_token == WORD) &&
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE) || (token_before_that == SELECT)) &&
+#else
+ ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE)) &&
+#endif
+ (tokstr[0] == 'i' && tokstr[1] == 'n' && tokstr[2] == 0))
+ {
+ if (token_before_that == CASE)
+ {
+ parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
+ esacs_needed_count++;
+ }
+ return (IN);
+ }
+
+ if (last_read_token == WORD &&
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ (token_before_that == FOR || token_before_that == SELECT) &&
+#else
+ (token_before_that == FOR) &&
+#endif
+ (tokstr[0] == 'd' && tokstr[1] == 'o' && tokstr[2] == '\0'))
+ return (DO);
+
+ /* Ditto for ESAC in the CASE case.
+ Specifically, this handles "case word in esac", which is a legal
+ construct, certainly because someone will pass an empty arg to the
+ case construct, and we don't want it to barf. Of course, we should
+ insist that the case construct has at least one pattern in it, but
+ the designers disagree. */
+ if (esacs_needed_count)
+ {
+ esacs_needed_count--;
+ if (STREQ (tokstr, "esac"))
+ {
+ parser_state &= ~PST_CASEPAT;
+ return (ESAC);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* The start of a shell function definition. */
+ if (parser_state & PST_ALLOWOPNBRC)
+ {
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
+ if (tokstr[0] == '{' && tokstr[1] == '\0') /* } */
+ {
+ open_brace_count++;
+ function_bstart = line_number;
+ return ('{'); /* } */
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* We allow a `do' after a for ((...)) without an intervening
+ list_terminator */
+ if (last_read_token == ARITH_FOR_EXPRS && tokstr[0] == 'd' && tokstr[1] == 'o' && !tokstr[2])
+ return (DO);
+ if (last_read_token == ARITH_FOR_EXPRS && tokstr[0] == '{' && tokstr[1] == '\0') /* } */
+ {
+ open_brace_count++;
+ return ('{'); /* } */
+ }
+
+ if (open_brace_count && reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token) && tokstr[0] == '}' && !tokstr[1])
+ {
+ open_brace_count--; /* { */
+ return ('}');
+ }
+
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ /* Handle -p after `time'. */
+ if (last_read_token == TIME && tokstr[0] == '-' && tokstr[1] == 'p' && !tokstr[2])
+ return (TIMEOPT);
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ if (STREQ (token, "time") && ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0) && time_command_acceptable ())
+ return (TIME);
+#endif /* COMMAND_TIMING */
+#endif
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND) /* [[ */
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CONDEXPR) && tokstr[0] == ']' && tokstr[1] == ']' && tokstr[2] == '\0')
+ return (COND_END);
+#endif
+
+ return (-1);
+}
+
+/* Called from shell.c when Control-C is typed at top level. Or
+ by the error rule at top level. */
+void
+reset_parser ()
+{
+ dstack.delimiter_depth = 0; /* No delimiters found so far. */
+ open_brace_count = 0;
+
+ parser_state = 0;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ if (pushed_string_list)
+ free_string_list ();
+#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+ if (shell_input_line)
+ {
+ free (shell_input_line);
+ shell_input_line = (char *)NULL;
+ shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_index = 0;
+ }
+
+ FREE (word_desc_to_read);
+ word_desc_to_read = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
+
+ last_read_token = '\n';
+ token_to_read = '\n';
+}
+
+/* Read the next token. Command can be READ (normal operation) or
+ RESET (to normalize state). */
+static int
+read_token (command)
+ int command;
+{
+ int character; /* Current character. */
+ int peek_char; /* Temporary look-ahead character. */
+ int result; /* The thing to return. */
+
+ if (command == RESET)
+ {
+ reset_parser ();
+ return ('\n');
+ }
+
+ if (token_to_read)
+ {
+ result = token_to_read;
+ if (token_to_read == WORD || token_to_read == ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
+ {
+ yylval.word = word_desc_to_read;
+ word_desc_to_read = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
+ }
+ token_to_read = 0;
+ return (result);
+ }
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ if ((parser_state & (PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR)) == PST_CONDCMD)
+ {
+ cond_lineno = line_number;
+ parser_state |= PST_CONDEXPR;
+ yylval.command = parse_cond_command ();
+ if (cond_token != COND_END)
+ {
+ cond_error ();
+ return (-1);
+ }
+ token_to_read = COND_END;
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_CONDEXPR|PST_CONDCMD);
+ return (COND_CMD);
+ }
+#endif
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ /* This is a place to jump back to once we have successfully expanded a
+ token with an alias and pushed the string with push_string () */
+ re_read_token:
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+ /* Read a single word from input. Start by skipping blanks. */
+ while ((character = shell_getc (1)) != EOF && whitespace (character))
+ ;
+
+ if (character == EOF)
+ {
+ EOF_Reached = 1;
+ return (yacc_EOF);
+ }
+
+ if MBTEST(character == '#' && (!interactive || interactive_comments))
+ {
+ /* A comment. Discard until EOL or EOF, and then return a newline. */
+ discard_until ('\n');
+ shell_getc (0);
+ character = '\n'; /* this will take the next if statement and return. */
+ }
+
+ if (character == '\n')
+ {
+ /* If we're about to return an unquoted newline, we can go and collect
+ the text of any pending here document. */
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+ return (character);
+ }
+
+ /* Shell meta-characters. */
+ if MBTEST(shellmeta (character) && ((parser_state & PST_DBLPAREN) == 0))
+ {
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ /* Turn off alias tokenization iff this character sequence would
+ not leave us ready to read a command. */
+ if (character == '<' || character == '>')
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if (character == peek_char)
+ {
+ switch (character)
+ {
+ case '<':
+ /* If '<' then we could be at "<<" or at "<<-". We have to
+ look ahead one more character. */
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if (peek_char == '-')
+ return (LESS_LESS_MINUS);
+ else if (peek_char == '<')
+ return (LESS_LESS_LESS);
+ else
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ return (LESS_LESS);
+ }
+
+ case '>':
+ return (GREATER_GREATER);
+
+ case ';':
+ parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+ return (SEMI_SEMI);
+
+ case '&':
+ return (AND_AND);
+
+ case '|':
+ return (OR_OR);
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ case '(': /* ) */
+ result = parse_dparen (character);
+ if (result == -2)
+ break;
+ else
+ return result;
+#endif
+ }
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(character == '<' && peek_char == '&')
+ return (LESS_AND);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '>' && peek_char == '&')
+ return (GREATER_AND);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '<' && peek_char == '>')
+ return (LESS_GREATER);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '>' && peek_char == '|')
+ return (GREATER_BAR);
+ else if MBTEST(peek_char == '>' && character == '&')
+ return (AND_GREATER);
+
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+
+ /* If we look like we are reading the start of a function
+ definition, then let the reader know about it so that
+ we will do the right thing with `{'. */
+ if MBTEST(character == ')' && last_read_token == '(' && token_before_that == WORD)
+ {
+ parser_state |= PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+ function_dstart = line_number;
+ }
+
+ /* case pattern lists may be preceded by an optional left paren. If
+ we're not trying to parse a case pattern list, the left paren
+ indicates a subshell. */
+ if MBTEST(character == '(' && (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0) /* ) */
+ parser_state |= PST_SUBSHELL;
+ /*(*/
+ else if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) && character == ')')
+ parser_state &= ~PST_CASEPAT;
+ /*(*/
+ else if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_SUBSHELL) && character == ')')
+ parser_state &= ~PST_SUBSHELL;
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ /* Check for the constructs which introduce process substitution.
+ Shells running in `posix mode' don't do process substitution. */
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct || ((character != '>' && character != '<') || peek_char != '(')) /*)*/
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+ return (character);
+ }
+
+ /* Hack <&- (close stdin) case. Also <&N- (dup and close). */
+ if MBTEST(character == '-' && (last_read_token == LESS_AND || last_read_token == GREATER_AND))
+ return (character);
+
+ /* Okay, if we got this far, we have to read a word. Read one,
+ and then check it against the known ones. */
+ result = read_token_word (character);
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (result == RE_READ_TOKEN)
+ goto re_read_token;
+#endif
+ return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Match a $(...) or other grouping construct. This has to handle embedded
+ * quoted strings ('', ``, "") and nested constructs. It also must handle
+ * reprompting the user, if necessary, after reading a newline (unless the
+ * P_NONL flag is passed), and returning correct error values if it reads
+ * EOF.
+ */
+#define P_FIRSTCLOSE 0x01
+#define P_ALLOWESC 0x02
+#define P_DQUOTE 0x04
+
+static char matched_pair_error;
+static char *
+parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags)
+ int qc; /* `"' if this construct is within double quotes */
+ int open, close;
+ int *lenp, flags;
+{
+ int count, ch, was_dollar;
+ int pass_next_character, nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
+ char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans;
+ int retind, retsize, rflags;
+
+ count = 1;
+ pass_next_character = was_dollar = 0;
+
+ /* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
+ rflags = (qc == '"') ? P_DQUOTE : (flags & P_DQUOTE);
+
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (retsize = 64);
+ retind = 0;
+
+ start_lineno = line_number;
+ while (count)
+ {
+ ch = shell_getc ((qc != '\'' || (flags & P_ALLOWESC)) && pass_next_character == 0);
+ if (ch == EOF)
+ {
+ free (ret);
+ parser_error (start_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"), close);
+ EOF_Reached = 1; /* XXX */
+ return (&matched_pair_error);
+ }
+
+ /* Possible reprompting. */
+ if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+
+ if (pass_next_character) /* last char was backslash */
+ {
+ pass_next_character = 0;
+ if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
+ {
+ if (retind > 0) retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL)
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL) /* special shell escapes */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(ch == close) /* ending delimiter */
+ count--;
+#if 1
+ /* handle nested ${...} specially. */
+ else if MBTEST(open != close && was_dollar && open == '{' && ch == open) /* } */
+ count++;
+#endif
+ else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && ch == open) /* nested begin */
+ count++;
+
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ if (open == '\'') /* '' inside grouping construct */
+ {
+ if MBTEST((flags & P_ALLOWESC) && ch == '\\')
+ pass_next_character++;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
+ pass_next_character++;
+
+ if (open != close) /* a grouping construct */
+ {
+ if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
+ {
+ /* '', ``, or "" inside $(...) or other grouping construct. */
+ push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
+ if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
+ else
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (nestret == &matched_pair_error)
+ {
+ free (ret);
+ return &matched_pair_error;
+ }
+ if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Translate $'...' here. */
+ ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+ nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = strlen (nestret);
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(was_dollar && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Locale expand $"..." here. */
+ ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+ nestret = (char *)xmalloc (ttranslen + 3);
+ nestret[0] = '"';
+ strcpy (nestret + 1, ttrans);
+ nestret[ttranslen + 1] = '"';
+ nestret[ttranslen += 2] = '\0';
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = ttranslen;
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
+ }
+
+ if (nestlen)
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, nestlen, retsize, 64);
+ strcpy (ret + retind, nestret);
+ retind += nestlen;
+ }
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ }
+ /* Parse an old-style command substitution within double quotes as a
+ single word. */
+ /* XXX - sh and ksh93 don't do this - XXX */
+ else if MBTEST(open == '"' && ch == '`')
+ {
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '`', '`', &nestlen, rflags);
+ if (nestret == &matched_pair_error)
+ {
+ free (ret);
+ return &matched_pair_error;
+ }
+ if (nestlen)
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, nestlen, retsize, 64);
+ strcpy (ret + retind, nestret);
+ retind += nestlen;
+ }
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(was_dollar && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
+ /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside quoted string. */
+ {
+ if (open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
+ count--;
+ if (ch == '(') /* ) */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, rflags);
+ else if (ch == '{') /* } */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|rflags);
+ else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
+ if (nestret == &matched_pair_error)
+ {
+ free (ret);
+ return &matched_pair_error;
+ }
+ if (nestlen)
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, nestlen, retsize, 64);
+ strcpy (ret + retind, nestret);
+ retind += nestlen;
+ }
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ was_dollar = MBTEST(ch == '$');
+ }
+
+ ret[retind] = '\0';
+ if (lenp)
+ *lenp = retind;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+/* Parse a double-paren construct. It can be either an arithmetic
+ command, an arithmetic `for' command, or a nested subshell. Returns
+ the parsed token, -1 on error, or -2 if we didn't do anything and
+ should just go on. */
+static int
+parse_dparen (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ int cmdtyp, len, sline;
+ char *wval, *wv2;
+ WORD_DESC *wd;
+
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ if (last_read_token == FOR)
+ {
+ arith_for_lineno = line_number;
+ cmdtyp = parse_arith_cmd (&wval, 0);
+ if (cmdtyp == 1)
+ {
+ wd = make_word (wval);
+ yylval.word_list = make_word_list (wd, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ free (wval);
+ return (ARITH_FOR_EXPRS);
+ }
+ else
+ return -1; /* ERROR */
+ }
+#endif
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ if (reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token))
+ {
+ sline = line_number;
+#if 0
+ cmdtyp = parse_arith_cmd (&wval, 1);
+#else
+ cmdtyp = parse_arith_cmd (&wval, 0);
+#endif
+ if (cmdtyp == 1) /* arithmetic command */
+ {
+ wd = make_word (wval);
+#if 0
+ wd->flags = W_QUOTED;
+#else
+ wd->flags = W_QUOTED|W_NOSPLIT|W_NOGLOB;
+#endif
+ yylval.word_list = make_word_list (wd, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ free (wval); /* make_word copies it */
+ return (ARITH_CMD);
+ }
+ else if (cmdtyp == 0) /* nested subshell */
+ {
+ push_string (wval, 0, (alias_t *)NULL);
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0)
+ parser_state |= PST_SUBSHELL;
+ return (c);
+ }
+ else /* ERROR */
+ return -1;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ return -2; /* XXX */
+}
+
+/* We've seen a `(('. Look for the matching `))'. If we get it, return 1.
+ If not, assume it's a nested subshell for backwards compatibility and
+ return 0. In any case, put the characters we've consumed into a locally-
+ allocated buffer and make *ep point to that buffer. Return -1 on an
+ error, for example EOF. */
+static int
+parse_arith_cmd (ep, adddq)
+ char **ep;
+ int adddq;
+{
+ int exp_lineno, rval, c;
+ char *ttok, *tokstr;
+ int ttoklen;
+
+ exp_lineno = line_number;
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (0, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
+ rval = 1;
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1;
+ /* Check that the next character is the closing right paren. If
+ not, this is a syntax error. ( */
+ c = shell_getc (0);
+ if MBTEST(c != ')')
+ rval = 0;
+
+ tokstr = (char *)xmalloc (ttoklen + 4);
+
+ /* if ADDDQ != 0 then (( ... )) -> "..." */
+ if (rval == 1 && adddq) /* arith cmd, add double quotes */
+ {
+ tokstr[0] = '"';
+ strncpy (tokstr + 1, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
+ tokstr[ttoklen] = '"';
+ tokstr[ttoklen+1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else if (rval == 1) /* arith cmd, don't add double quotes */
+ {
+ strncpy (tokstr, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
+ tokstr[ttoklen-1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else /* nested subshell */
+ {
+ tokstr[0] = '(';
+ strncpy (tokstr + 1, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
+ tokstr[ttoklen] = ')';
+ tokstr[ttoklen+1] = c;
+ tokstr[ttoklen+2] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ *ep = tokstr;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ return rval;
+}
+#endif /* DPAREN_ARITHMETIC || ARITH_FOR_COMMAND */
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static void
+cond_error ()
+{
+ char *etext;
+
+ if (EOF_Reached && cond_token != COND_ERROR) /* [[ */
+ parser_error (cond_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'"));
+ else if (cond_token != COND_ERROR)
+ {
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (cond_token))
+ {
+ parser_error (cond_lineno, _("syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (cond_lineno, _("syntax error in conditional expression"));
+ }
+}
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_expr ()
+{
+ return (cond_or ());
+}
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_or ()
+{
+ COND_COM *l, *r;
+
+ l = cond_and ();
+ if (cond_token == OR_OR)
+ {
+ r = cond_or ();
+ l = make_cond_node (COND_OR, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, l, r);
+ }
+ return l;
+}
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_and ()
+{
+ COND_COM *l, *r;
+
+ l = cond_term ();
+ if (cond_token == AND_AND)
+ {
+ r = cond_and ();
+ l = make_cond_node (COND_AND, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, l, r);
+ }
+ return l;
+}
+
+static int
+cond_skip_newlines ()
+{
+ while ((cond_token = read_token (READ)) == '\n')
+ {
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ }
+ return (cond_token);
+}
+
+#define COND_RETURN_ERROR() \
+ do { cond_token = COND_ERROR; return ((COND_COM *)NULL); } while (0)
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_term ()
+{
+ WORD_DESC *op;
+ COND_COM *term, *tleft, *tright;
+ int tok, lineno;
+ char *etext;
+
+ /* Read a token. It can be a left paren, a `!', a unary operator, or a
+ word that should be the first argument of a binary operator. Start by
+ skipping newlines, since this is a compound command. */
+ tok = cond_skip_newlines ();
+ lineno = line_number;
+ if (tok == COND_END)
+ {
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+ else if (tok == '(')
+ {
+ term = cond_expr ();
+ if (cond_token != ')')
+ {
+ if (term)
+ dispose_cond_node (term); /* ( */
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (cond_token))
+ {
+ parser_error (lineno, _("unexpected token `%s', expected `)'"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (lineno, _("expected `)'"));
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_EXPR, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, term, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
+ }
+ else if (tok == BANG || (tok == WORD && (yylval.word->word[0] == '!' && yylval.word->word[1] == '\0')))
+ {
+ if (tok == WORD)
+ dispose_word (yylval.word); /* not needed */
+ term = cond_term ();
+ if (term)
+ term->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+ }
+ else if (tok == WORD && test_unop (yylval.word->word))
+ {
+ op = yylval.word;
+ tok = read_token (READ);
+ if (tok == WORD)
+ {
+ tleft = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_UNARY, op, tleft, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ dispose_word (op);
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument to conditional unary operator"));
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+
+ (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
+ }
+ else if (tok == WORD) /* left argument to binary operator */
+ {
+ /* lhs */
+ tleft = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+
+ /* binop */
+ tok = read_token (READ);
+ if (tok == WORD && test_binop (yylval.word->word))
+ op = yylval.word;
+#if defined (COND_REGEXP)
+ else if (tok == WORD && STREQ (yylval.word->word,"=~"))
+ op = yylval.word;
+#endif
+ else if (tok == '<' || tok == '>')
+ op = make_word_from_token (tok); /* ( */
+ /* There should be a check before blindly accepting the `)' that we have
+ seen the opening `('. */
+ else if (tok == COND_END || tok == AND_AND || tok == OR_OR || tok == ')')
+ {
+ /* Special case. [[ x ]] is equivalent to [[ -n x ]], just like
+ the test command. Similarly for [[ x && expr ]] or
+ [[ x || expr ]] or [[ (x) ]]. */
+ op = make_word ("-n");
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_UNARY, op, tleft, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ cond_token = tok;
+ return (term);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("conditional binary operator expected"));
+ dispose_cond_node (tleft);
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+
+ /* rhs */
+ tok = read_token (READ);
+ if (tok == WORD)
+ {
+ tright = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_BINARY, op, tleft, tright);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument to conditional binary operator"));
+ dispose_cond_node (tleft);
+ dispose_word (op);
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+
+ (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (tok < 256)
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%c' in conditional command"), tok);
+ else if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%s' in conditional command"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token %d in conditional command"), tok);
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+ return (term);
+}
+
+/* This is kind of bogus -- we slip a mini recursive-descent parser in
+ here to handle the conditional statement syntax. */
+static COMMAND *
+parse_cond_command ()
+{
+ COND_COM *cexp;
+
+ cexp = cond_expr ();
+ return (make_cond_command (cexp));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+/* When this is called, it's guaranteed that we don't care about anything
+ in t beyond i. We do save and restore the chars, though. */
+static int
+token_is_assignment (t, i)
+ char *t;
+ int i;
+{
+ unsigned char c, c1;
+ int r;
+
+ c = t[i]; c1 = t[i+1];
+ t[i] = '='; t[i+1] = '\0';
+ r = assignment (t, (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0);
+ t[i] = c; t[i+1] = c1;
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int
+token_is_ident (t, i)
+ char *t;
+ int i;
+{
+ unsigned char c;
+ int r;
+
+ c = t[i];
+ t[i] = '\0';
+ r = legal_identifier (t);
+ t[i] = c;
+ return r;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+read_token_word (character)
+ int character;
+{
+ /* The value for YYLVAL when a WORD is read. */
+ WORD_DESC *the_word;
+
+ /* Index into the token that we are building. */
+ int token_index;
+
+ /* ALL_DIGITS becomes zero when we see a non-digit. */
+ int all_digit_token;
+
+ /* DOLLAR_PRESENT becomes non-zero if we see a `$'. */
+ int dollar_present;
+
+ /* QUOTED becomes non-zero if we see one of ("), ('), (`), or (\). */
+ int quoted;
+
+ /* Non-zero means to ignore the value of the next character, and just
+ to add it no matter what. */
+ int pass_next_character;
+
+ /* The current delimiting character. */
+ int cd;
+ int result, peek_char;
+ char *ttok, *ttrans;
+ int ttoklen, ttranslen;
+ intmax_t lvalue;
+
+ if (token_buffer_size < TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE)
+ token = (char *)xrealloc (token, token_buffer_size = TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE);
+
+ token_index = 0;
+ all_digit_token = DIGIT (character);
+ dollar_present = quoted = pass_next_character = 0;
+
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ if (character == EOF)
+ goto got_token;
+
+ if (pass_next_character)
+ {
+ pass_next_character = 0;
+ goto got_character;
+ }
+
+ cd = current_delimiter (dstack);
+
+ /* Handle backslashes. Quote lots of things when not inside of
+ double-quotes, quote some things inside of double-quotes. */
+ if MBTEST(character == '\\')
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (0);
+
+ /* Backslash-newline is ignored in all cases except
+ when quoted with single quotes. */
+ if (peek_char == '\n')
+ {
+ character = '\n';
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+
+ /* If the next character is to be quoted, note it now. */
+ if (cd == 0 || cd == '`' ||
+ (cd == '"' && peek_char >= 0 && (sh_syntaxtab[peek_char] & CBSDQUOTE)))
+ pass_next_character++;
+
+ quoted = 1;
+ goto got_character;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Parse a matched pair of quote characters. */
+ if MBTEST(shellquote (character))
+ {
+ push_delimiter (dstack, character);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (character, character, character, &ttoklen, 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size, TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ quoted = 1;
+ dollar_present |= (character == '"' && strchr (ttok, '$') != 0);
+ FREE (ttok);
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+
+#ifdef EXTENDED_GLOB
+ /* Parse a ksh-style extended pattern matching specification. */
+ if (extended_glob && PATTERN_CHAR (character))
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '(') /* ) */
+ {
+ push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ token[token_index++] = peek_char;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ dollar_present = all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ }
+#endif /* EXTENDED_GLOB */
+
+ /* If the delimiter character is not single quote, parse some of
+ the shell expansions that must be read as a single word. */
+ if (shellexp (character))
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ /* $(...), <(...), >(...), $((...)), ${...}, and $[...] constructs */
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '(' || \
+ ((peek_char == '{' || peek_char == '[') && character == '$')) /* ) ] } */
+ {
+ if (peek_char == '{') /* } */
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '{', '}', &ttoklen, P_FIRSTCLOSE);
+ else if (peek_char == '(') /* ) */
+ {
+ /* XXX - push and pop the `(' as a delimiter for use by
+ the command-oriented-history code. This way newlines
+ appearing in the $(...) string get added to the
+ history literally rather than causing a possibly-
+ incorrect `;' to be added. ) */
+ push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ }
+ else
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '[', ']', &ttoklen, 0);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ token[token_index++] = peek_char;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ dollar_present = 1;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ /* This handles $'...' and $"..." new-style quoted strings. */
+ else if MBTEST(character == '$' && (peek_char == '\'' || peek_char == '"'))
+ {
+ int first_line;
+
+ first_line = line_number;
+ push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (peek_char, peek_char, peek_char,
+ &ttoklen,
+ (peek_char == '\'') ? P_ALLOWESC : 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1;
+ if (peek_char == '\'')
+ {
+ ttrans = ansiexpand (ttok, 0, ttoklen - 1, &ttranslen);
+ free (ttok);
+ /* Insert the single quotes and correctly quote any
+ embedded single quotes (allowed because P_ALLOWESC was
+ passed to parse_matched_pair). */
+ ttok = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
+ free (ttrans);
+ ttrans = ttok;
+ ttranslen = strlen (ttrans);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Try to locale-expand the converted string. */
+ ttrans = localeexpand (ttok, 0, ttoklen - 1, first_line, &ttranslen);
+ free (ttok);
+
+ /* Add the double quotes back */
+ ttok = (char *)xmalloc (ttranslen + 3);
+ ttok[0] = '"';
+ strcpy (ttok + 1, ttrans);
+ ttok[ttranslen + 1] = '"';
+ ttok[ttranslen += 2] = '\0';
+ free (ttrans);
+ ttrans = ttok;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttranslen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttrans);
+ token_index += ttranslen;
+ FREE (ttrans);
+ quoted = 1;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ /* This could eventually be extended to recognize all of the
+ shell's single-character parameter expansions, and set flags.*/
+ else if MBTEST(character == '$' && peek_char == '$')
+ {
+ ttok = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ ttok[0] = ttok[1] = '$';
+ ttok[2] = '\0';
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 3,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += 2;
+ dollar_present = 1;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ }
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* Identify possible array subscript assignment; match [...] */
+ else if MBTEST(character == '[' && token_index > 0 && assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) && token_is_ident (token, token_index)) /* ] */
+ {
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '[', ']', &ttoklen, 0);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ /* Identify possible compound array variable assignment. */
+ else if MBTEST(character == '=' && token_index > 0 && token_is_assignment (token, token_index))
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '(') /* ) */
+ {
+ ttok = parse_compound_assignment (&ttoklen);
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 4,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+
+ token[token_index++] = '=';
+ token[token_index++] = '(';
+ if (ttok)
+ {
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ }
+ token[token_index++] = ')';
+ FREE (ttok);
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /* When not parsing a multi-character word construct, shell meta-
+ characters break words. */
+ if MBTEST(shellbreak (character))
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (character);
+ goto got_token;
+ }
+
+ got_character:
+
+ all_digit_token &= DIGIT (character);
+ dollar_present |= character == '$';
+
+ if (character == CTLESC || character == CTLNUL)
+ token[token_index++] = CTLESC;
+
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 1, token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+
+ next_character:
+ if (character == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+
+ /* We want to remove quoted newlines (that is, a \<newline> pair)
+ unless we are within single quotes or pass_next_character is
+ set (the shell equivalent of literal-next). */
+ cd = current_delimiter (dstack);
+ character = shell_getc (cd != '\'' && pass_next_character == 0);
+ } /* end for (;;) */
+
+got_token:
+
+ token[token_index] = '\0';
+
+ /* Check to see what thing we should return. If the last_read_token
+ is a `<', or a `&', or the character which ended this token is
+ a '>' or '<', then, and ONLY then, is this input token a NUMBER.
+ Otherwise, it is just a word, and should be returned as such. */
+ if MBTEST(all_digit_token && (character == '<' || character == '>' || \
+ last_read_token == LESS_AND || \
+ last_read_token == GREATER_AND))
+ {
+ if (legal_number (token, &lvalue) && (int)lvalue == lvalue)
+ yylval.number = lvalue;
+ else
+ yylval.number = -1;
+ return (NUMBER);
+ }
+
+ /* Check for special case tokens. */
+ result = (last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte) ? special_case_tokens (token) : -1;
+ if (result >= 0)
+ return result;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ /* Posix.2 does not allow reserved words to be aliased, so check for all
+ of them, including special cases, before expanding the current token
+ as an alias. */
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct)
+ CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token);
+
+ /* Aliases are expanded iff EXPAND_ALIASES is non-zero, and quoting
+ inhibits alias expansion. */
+ if (expand_aliases && quoted == 0)
+ {
+ result = alias_expand_token (token);
+ if (result == RE_READ_TOKEN)
+ return (RE_READ_TOKEN);
+ else if (result == NO_EXPANSION)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+ }
+
+ /* If not in Posix.2 mode, check for reserved words after alias
+ expansion. */
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct == 0)
+#endif
+ CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token);
+
+ the_word = (WORD_DESC *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_DESC));
+ the_word->word = (char *)xmalloc (1 + token_index);
+ the_word->flags = 0;
+ strcpy (the_word->word, token);
+ if (dollar_present)
+ the_word->flags |= W_HASDOLLAR;
+ if (quoted)
+ the_word->flags |= W_QUOTED;
+ /* A word is an assignment if it appears at the beginning of a
+ simple command, or after another assignment word. This is
+ context-dependent, so it cannot be handled in the grammar. */
+ if (assignment (token, (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0))
+ {
+ the_word->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT;
+ /* Don't perform word splitting on assignment statements. */
+ if (assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) || (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0)
+ the_word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
+ }
+
+ yylval.word = the_word;
+
+ result = ((the_word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT)) == (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT))
+ ? ASSIGNMENT_WORD : WORD;
+
+ switch (last_read_token)
+ {
+ case FUNCTION:
+ parser_state |= PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
+ function_dstart = line_number;
+ break;
+ case CASE:
+ case SELECT:
+ case FOR:
+ if (word_top < MAX_CASE_NEST)
+ word_top++;
+ word_lineno[word_top] = line_number;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if TOKSYM is a token that after being read would allow
+ a reserved word to be seen, else 0. */
+static int
+reserved_word_acceptable (toksym)
+ int toksym;
+{
+ switch (toksym)
+ {
+ case '\n':
+ case ';':
+ case '(':
+ case ')':
+ case '|':
+ case '&':
+ case '{':
+ case '}': /* XXX */
+ case AND_AND:
+ case BANG:
+ case DO:
+ case DONE:
+ case ELIF:
+ case ELSE:
+ case ESAC:
+ case FI:
+ case IF:
+ case OR_OR:
+ case SEMI_SEMI:
+ case THEN:
+ case TIME:
+ case TIMEOPT:
+ case UNTIL:
+ case WHILE:
+ case 0:
+ return 1;
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return the index of TOKEN in the alist of reserved words, or -1 if
+ TOKEN is not a shell reserved word. */
+int
+find_reserved_word (tokstr)
+ char *tokstr;
+{
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word; i++)
+ if (STREQ (tokstr, word_token_alist[i].word))
+ return i;
+ return -1;
+}
+
+#if 0
+#if defined (READLINE)
+/* Called after each time readline is called. This insures that whatever
+ the new prompt string is gets propagated to readline's local prompt
+ variable. */
+static void
+reset_readline_prompt ()
+{
+ char *temp_prompt;
+
+ if (prompt_string_pointer)
+ {
+ temp_prompt = (*prompt_string_pointer)
+ ? decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer)
+ : (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (temp_prompt == 0)
+ {
+ temp_prompt = (char *)xmalloc (1);
+ temp_prompt[0] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ FREE (current_readline_prompt);
+ current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt;
+ }
+}
+#endif /* READLINE */
+#endif /* 0 */
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+/* A list of tokens which can be followed by newlines, but not by
+ semi-colons. When concatenating multiple lines of history, the
+ newline separator for such tokens is replaced with a space. */
+static int no_semi_successors[] = {
+ '\n', '{', '(', ')', ';', '&', '|',
+ CASE, DO, ELSE, IF, SEMI_SEMI, THEN, UNTIL, WHILE, AND_AND, OR_OR, IN,
+ 0
+};
+
+/* If we are not within a delimited expression, try to be smart
+ about which separators can be semi-colons and which must be
+ newlines. Returns the string that should be added into the
+ history entry. */
+char *
+history_delimiting_chars ()
+{
+ register int i;
+
+ if (dstack.delimiter_depth != 0)
+ return ("\n");
+
+ /* First, handle some special cases. */
+ /*(*/
+ /* If we just read `()', assume it's a function definition, and don't
+ add a semicolon. If the token before the `)' was not `(', and we're
+ not in the midst of parsing a case statement, assume it's a
+ parenthesized command and add the semicolon. */
+ /*)(*/
+ if (token_before_that == ')')
+ {
+ if (two_tokens_ago == '(') /*)*/ /* function def */
+ return " ";
+ /* This does not work for subshells inside case statement
+ command lists. It's a suboptimal solution. */
+ else if (parser_state & PST_CASESTMT) /* case statement pattern */
+ return " ";
+ else
+ return "; "; /* (...) subshell */
+ }
+ else if (token_before_that == WORD && two_tokens_ago == FUNCTION)
+ return " "; /* function def using `function name' without `()' */
+
+ else if (token_before_that == WORD && two_tokens_ago == FOR)
+ {
+ /* Tricky. `for i\nin ...' should not have a semicolon, but
+ `for i\ndo ...' should. We do what we can. */
+ for (i = shell_input_line_index; whitespace(shell_input_line[i]); i++)
+ ;
+ if (shell_input_line[i] && shell_input_line[i] == 'i' && shell_input_line[i+1] == 'n')
+ return " ";
+ return ";";
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; no_semi_successors[i]; i++)
+ {
+ if (token_before_that == no_semi_successors[i])
+ return (" ");
+ }
+
+ return ("; ");
+}
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+/* Issue a prompt, or prepare to issue a prompt when the next character
+ is read. */
+static void
+prompt_again ()
+{
+ char *temp_prompt;
+
+ if (interactive == 0 || expanding_alias()) /* XXX */
+ return;
+
+ ps1_prompt = get_string_value ("PS1");
+ ps2_prompt = get_string_value ("PS2");
+
+ if (!prompt_string_pointer)
+ prompt_string_pointer = &ps1_prompt;
+
+ temp_prompt = *prompt_string_pointer
+ ? decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer)
+ : (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (temp_prompt == 0)
+ {
+ temp_prompt = (char *)xmalloc (1);
+ temp_prompt[0] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ current_prompt_string = *prompt_string_pointer;
+ prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (!no_line_editing)
+ {
+ FREE (current_readline_prompt);
+ current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt;
+ }
+ else
+#endif /* READLINE */
+ {
+ FREE (current_decoded_prompt);
+ current_decoded_prompt = temp_prompt;
+ }
+}
+
+int
+get_current_prompt_level ()
+{
+ return ((current_prompt_string && current_prompt_string == ps2_prompt) ? 2 : 1);
+}
+
+void
+set_current_prompt_level (x)
+ int x;
+{
+ prompt_string_pointer = (x == 2) ? &ps2_prompt : &ps1_prompt;
+ current_prompt_string = *prompt_string_pointer;
+}
+
+static void
+print_prompt ()
+{
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s", current_decoded_prompt);
+ fflush (stderr);
+}
+
+/* Return a string which will be printed as a prompt. The string
+ may contain special characters which are decoded as follows:
+
+ \a bell (ascii 07)
+ \d the date in Day Mon Date format
+ \e escape (ascii 033)
+ \h the hostname up to the first `.'
+ \H the hostname
+ \j the number of active jobs
+ \l the basename of the shell's tty device name
+ \n CRLF
+ \r CR
+ \s the name of the shell
+ \t the time in 24-hour hh:mm:ss format
+ \T the time in 12-hour hh:mm:ss format
+ \@ the time in 12-hour hh:mm am/pm format
+ \A the time in 24-hour hh:mm format
+ \D{fmt} the result of passing FMT to strftime(3)
+ \u your username
+ \v the version of bash (e.g., 2.00)
+ \V the release of bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
+ \w the current working directory
+ \W the last element of $PWD
+ \! the history number of this command
+ \# the command number of this command
+ \$ a $ or a # if you are root
+ \nnn character code nnn in octal
+ \\ a backslash
+ \[ begin a sequence of non-printing chars
+ \] end a sequence of non-printing chars
+*/
+#define PROMPT_GROWTH 48
+char *
+decode_prompt_string (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *result, *t;
+ struct dstack save_dstack;
+ int last_exit_value;
+#if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
+ int result_size, result_index;
+ int c, n;
+ char *temp, octal_string[4];
+ struct tm *tm;
+ time_t the_time;
+ char timebuf[128];
+ char *timefmt;
+
+ result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size = PROMPT_GROWTH);
+ result[result_index = 0] = 0;
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+ while (c = *string++)
+ {
+ if (posixly_correct && c == '!')
+ {
+ if (*string == '!')
+ {
+ temp = savestring ("!");
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+#if !defined (HISTORY)
+ temp = savestring ("1");
+#else /* HISTORY */
+ temp = itos (history_number ());
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+ string--; /* add_string increments string again. */
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+ }
+ if (c == '\\')
+ {
+ c = *string;
+
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '0':
+ case '1':
+ case '2':
+ case '3':
+ case '4':
+ case '5':
+ case '6':
+ case '7':
+ strncpy (octal_string, string, 3);
+ octal_string[3] = '\0';
+
+ n = read_octal (octal_string);
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+
+ if (n == CTLESC || n == CTLNUL)
+ {
+ temp[0] = CTLESC;
+ temp[1] = n;
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+ }
+ else if (n == -1)
+ {
+ temp[0] = '\\';
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ temp[0] = n;
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ for (c = 0; n != -1 && c < 3 && ISOCTAL (*string); c++)
+ string++;
+
+ c = 0; /* tested at add_string: */
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'd':
+ case 't':
+ case 'T':
+ case '@':
+ case 'A':
+ /* Make the current time/date into a string. */
+ (void) time (&the_time);
+ tm = localtime (&the_time);
+
+ if (c == 'd')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%a %b %d", tm);
+ else if (c == 't')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%H:%M:%S", tm);
+ else if (c == 'T')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%I:%M:%S", tm);
+ else if (c == '@')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%I:%M %p", tm);
+ else if (c == 'A')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%H:%M", tm);
+
+ timebuf[sizeof(timebuf) - 1] = '\0';
+ temp = savestring (timebuf);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'D': /* strftime format */
+ if (string[1] != '{') /* } */
+ goto not_escape;
+
+ (void) time (&the_time);
+ tm = localtime (&the_time);
+ string += 2; /* skip { */
+ timefmt = xmalloc (strlen (string) + 3);
+ for (t = timefmt; *string && *string != '}'; )
+ *t++ = *string++;
+ *t = '\0';
+ c = *string; /* tested at add_string */
+ if (timefmt[0] == '\0')
+ {
+ timefmt[0] = '%';
+ timefmt[1] = 'X'; /* locale-specific current time */
+ timefmt[2] = '\0';
+ }
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), timefmt, tm);
+ free (timefmt);
+
+ timebuf[sizeof(timebuf) - 1] = '\0';
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a
+ second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this
+ function here. */
+ temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (timebuf);
+ else
+ temp = savestring (timebuf);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'n':
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ temp[0] = no_line_editing ? '\n' : '\r';
+ temp[1] = no_line_editing ? '\0' : '\n';
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 's':
+ temp = base_pathname (shell_name);
+ temp = savestring (temp);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'v':
+ case 'V':
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (16);
+ if (c == 'v')
+ strcpy (temp, dist_version);
+ else
+ sprintf (temp, "%s.%d", dist_version, patch_level);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'w':
+ case 'W':
+ {
+ /* Use the value of PWD because it is much more efficient. */
+ char t_string[PATH_MAX], *t;
+ int tlen;
+
+ temp = get_string_value ("PWD");
+
+ if (temp == 0)
+ {
+ if (getcwd (t_string, sizeof(t_string)) == 0)
+ {
+ t_string[0] = '.';
+ tlen = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ tlen = strlen (t_string);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ tlen = sizeof (t_string) - 1;
+ strncpy (t_string, temp, tlen);
+ }
+ t_string[tlen] = '\0';
+
+#define ROOT_PATH(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == 0)
+#define DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == '/' && (x)[2] == 0)
+ /* Abbreviate \W as ~ if $PWD == $HOME */
+ if (c == 'W' && (((t = get_string_value ("HOME")) == 0) || STREQ (t, temp) == 0))
+ {
+ if (ROOT_PATH (t_string) == 0 && DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT (t_string) == 0)
+ {
+ t = strrchr (t_string, '/');
+ if (t)
+ strcpy (t_string, t + 1);
+ }
+ }
+#undef ROOT_PATH
+#undef DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT
+ else
+ /* polite_directory_format is guaranteed to return a string
+ no longer than PATH_MAX - 1 characters. */
+ strcpy (t_string, polite_directory_format (t_string));
+
+ /* If we're going to be expanding the prompt string later,
+ quote the directory name. */
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a
+ second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this
+ function here. */
+ temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t_string);
+ else
+ temp = savestring (t_string);
+
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+
+ case 'u':
+ if (current_user.user_name == 0)
+ get_current_user_info ();
+ temp = savestring (current_user.user_name);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'h':
+ case 'H':
+ temp = savestring (current_host_name);
+ if (c == 'h' && (t = (char *)strchr (temp, '.')))
+ *t = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case '#':
+ temp = itos (current_command_number);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case '!':
+#if !defined (HISTORY)
+ temp = savestring ("1");
+#else /* HISTORY */
+ temp = itos (history_number ());
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case '$':
+ t = temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ if ((promptvars || posixly_correct) && (current_user.euid != 0))
+ *t++ = '\\';
+ *t++ = current_user.euid == 0 ? '#' : '$';
+ *t = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'j':
+ temp = itos (count_all_jobs ());
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'l':
+#if defined (HAVE_TTYNAME)
+ temp = (char *)ttyname (fileno (stdin));
+ t = temp ? base_pathname (temp) : "tty";
+ temp = savestring (t);
+#else
+ temp = savestring ("tty");
+#endif /* !HAVE_TTYNAME */
+ goto add_string;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ case '[':
+ case ']':
+ if (no_line_editing)
+ {
+ string++;
+ break;
+ }
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ temp[0] = '\001';
+ temp[1] = (c == '[') ? RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE : RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE;
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+#endif /* READLINE */
+
+ case '\\':
+ case 'a':
+ case 'e':
+ case 'r':
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (2);
+ if (c == 'a')
+ temp[0] = '\07';
+ else if (c == 'e')
+ temp[0] = '\033';
+ else if (c == 'r')
+ temp[0] = '\r';
+ else /* (c == '\\') */
+ temp[0] = c;
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ default:
+not_escape:
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ temp[0] = '\\';
+ temp[1] = c;
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+
+ add_string:
+ if (c)
+ string++;
+ result =
+ sub_append_string (temp, result, &result_index, &result_size);
+ temp = (char *)NULL; /* Freed in sub_append_string (). */
+ result[result_index] = '\0';
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, 3, result_size, PROMPT_GROWTH);
+ result[result_index++] = c;
+ result[result_index] = '\0';
+ }
+ }
+#else /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
+ result = savestring (string);
+#endif /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
+
+ /* Save the delimiter stack and point `dstack' to temp space so any
+ command substitutions in the prompt string won't result in screwing
+ up the parser's quoting state. */
+ save_dstack = dstack;
+ dstack = temp_dstack;
+ dstack.delimiter_depth = 0;
+
+ /* Perform variable and parameter expansion and command substitution on
+ the prompt string. */
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ {
+ last_exit_value = last_command_exit_value;
+ list = expand_prompt_string (result, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+ free (result);
+ result = string_list (list);
+ dispose_words (list);
+ last_command_exit_value = last_exit_value;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ t = dequote_string (result);
+ free (result);
+ result = t;
+ }
+
+ dstack = save_dstack;
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * ERROR HANDLING *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+/* Report a syntax error, and restart the parser. Call here for fatal
+ errors. */
+int
+yyerror (msg)
+ const char *msg;
+{
+ report_syntax_error ((char *)NULL);
+ reset_parser ();
+ return (0);
+}
+
+static char *
+error_token_from_token (token)
+ int token;
+{
+ char *t;
+
+ if (t = find_token_in_alist (token, word_token_alist, 0))
+ return t;
+
+ if (t = find_token_in_alist (token, other_token_alist, 0))
+ return t;
+
+ t = (char *)NULL;
+ /* This stuff is dicy and needs closer inspection */
+ switch (current_token)
+ {
+ case WORD:
+ case ASSIGNMENT_WORD:
+ if (yylval.word)
+ t = savestring (yylval.word->word);
+ break;
+ case NUMBER:
+ t = itos (yylval.number);
+ break;
+ case ARITH_CMD:
+ if (yylval.word_list)
+ t = string_list (yylval.word_list);
+ break;
+ case ARITH_FOR_EXPRS:
+ if (yylval.word_list)
+ t = string_list_internal (yylval.word_list, " ; ");
+ break;
+ case COND_CMD:
+ t = (char *)NULL; /* punt */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return t;
+}
+
+static char *
+error_token_from_text ()
+{
+ char *msg, *t;
+ int token_end, i;
+
+ t = shell_input_line;
+ i = shell_input_line_index;
+ token_end = 0;
+ msg = (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (i && t[i] == '\0')
+ i--;
+
+ while (i && (whitespace (t[i]) || t[i] == '\n'))
+ i--;
+
+ if (i)
+ token_end = i + 1;
+
+ while (i && (member (t[i], " \n\t;|&") == 0))
+ i--;
+
+ while (i != token_end && (whitespace (t[i]) || t[i] == '\n'))
+ i++;
+
+ /* Return our idea of the offending token. */
+ if (token_end || (i == 0 && token_end == 0))
+ {
+ if (token_end)
+ msg = substring (t, i, token_end);
+ else /* one-character token */
+ {
+ msg = (char *)xmalloc (2);
+ msg[0] = t[i];
+ msg[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ }
+
+ return (msg);
+}
+
+static void
+print_offending_line ()
+{
+ char *msg;
+ int token_end;
+
+ msg = savestring (shell_input_line);
+ token_end = strlen (msg);
+ while (token_end && msg[token_end - 1] == '\n')
+ msg[--token_end] = '\0';
+
+ parser_error (line_number, "`%s'", msg);
+ free (msg);
+}
+
+/* Report a syntax error with line numbers, etc.
+ Call here for recoverable errors. If you have a message to print,
+ then place it in MESSAGE, otherwise pass NULL and this will figure
+ out an appropriate message for you. */
+static void
+report_syntax_error (message)
+ char *message;
+{
+ char *msg;
+
+ if (message)
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, "%s", message);
+ if (interactive && EOF_Reached)
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_USAGE;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* If the line of input we're reading is not null, try to find the
+ objectionable token. First, try to figure out what token the
+ parser's complaining about by looking at current_token. */
+ if (current_token != 0 && EOF_Reached == 0 && (msg = error_token_from_token (current_token)))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"), msg);
+ free (msg);
+
+ if (interactive == 0)
+ print_offending_line ();
+
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_USAGE;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* If looking at the current token doesn't prove fruitful, try to find the
+ offending token by analyzing the text of the input line near the current
+ input line index and report what we find. */
+ if (shell_input_line && *shell_input_line)
+ {
+ msg = error_token_from_text ();
+ if (msg)
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("syntax error near `%s'"), msg);
+ free (msg);
+ }
+
+ /* If not interactive, print the line containing the error. */
+ if (interactive == 0)
+ print_offending_line ();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ msg = EOF_Reached ? _("syntax error: unexpected end of file") : _("syntax error");
+ parser_error (line_number, "%s", msg);
+ /* When the shell is interactive, this file uses EOF_Reached
+ only for error reporting. Other mechanisms are used to
+ decide whether or not to exit. */
+ if (interactive && EOF_Reached)
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ }
+
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_USAGE;
+}
+
+/* ??? Needed function. ??? We have to be able to discard the constructs
+ created during parsing. In the case of error, we want to return
+ allocated objects to the memory pool. In the case of no error, we want
+ to throw away the information about where the allocated objects live.
+ (dispose_command () will actually free the command.) */
+static void
+discard_parser_constructs (error_p)
+ int error_p;
+{
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * EOF HANDLING *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+/* Do that silly `type "bye" to exit' stuff. You know, "ignoreeof". */
+
+/* A flag denoting whether or not ignoreeof is set. */
+int ignoreeof = 0;
+
+/* The number of times that we have encountered an EOF character without
+ another character intervening. When this gets above the limit, the
+ shell terminates. */
+int eof_encountered = 0;
+
+/* The limit for eof_encountered. */
+int eof_encountered_limit = 10;
+
+/* If we have EOF as the only input unit, this user wants to leave
+ the shell. If the shell is not interactive, then just leave.
+ Otherwise, if ignoreeof is set, and we haven't done this the
+ required number of times in a row, print a message. */
+static void
+handle_eof_input_unit ()
+{
+ if (interactive)
+ {
+ /* shell.c may use this to decide whether or not to write out the
+ history, among other things. We use it only for error reporting
+ in this file. */
+ if (EOF_Reached)
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+
+ /* If the user wants to "ignore" eof, then let her do so, kind of. */
+ if (ignoreeof)
+ {
+ if (eof_encountered < eof_encountered_limit)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, _("Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n"),
+ login_shell ? "logout" : "exit");
+ eof_encountered++;
+ /* Reset the parsing state. */
+ last_read_token = current_token = '\n';
+ /* Reset the prompt string to be $PS1. */
+ prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL;
+ prompt_again ();
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* In this case EOF should exit the shell. Do it now. */
+ reset_parser ();
+ exit_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* We don't write history files, etc., for non-interactive shells. */
+ EOF_Reached = 1;
+ }
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * STRING PARSING FUNCTIONS *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+/* It's very important that these two functions treat the characters
+ between ( and ) identically. */
+
+static WORD_LIST parse_string_error;
+
+/* Take a string and run it through the shell parser, returning the
+ resultant word list. Used by compound array assignment. */
+WORD_LIST *
+parse_string_to_word_list (s, flags, whom)
+ char *s;
+ int flags;
+ const char *whom;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *wl;
+ int tok, orig_current_token, orig_line_number, orig_input_terminator;
+ int orig_line_count;
+ int old_echo_input, old_expand_aliases;
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ int old_remember_on_history, old_history_expansion_inhibited;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ old_remember_on_history = remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ old_history_expansion_inhibited = history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif
+ bash_history_disable ();
+#endif
+
+ orig_line_number = line_number;
+ orig_line_count = current_command_line_count;
+ orig_input_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
+ old_echo_input = echo_input_at_read;
+ old_expand_aliases = expand_aliases;
+
+ push_stream (1);
+ last_read_token = WORD; /* WORD to allow reserved words here */
+ current_command_line_count = 0;
+ echo_input_at_read = expand_aliases = 0;
+
+ with_input_from_string (s, whom);
+ wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+ if (flags & 1)
+ parser_state |= PST_COMPASSIGN;
+
+ while ((tok = read_token (READ)) != yacc_EOF)
+ {
+ if (tok == '\n' && *bash_input.location.string == '\0')
+ break;
+ if (tok == '\n') /* Allow newlines in compound assignments */
+ continue;
+ if (tok != WORD && tok != ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
+ {
+ line_number = orig_line_number + line_number - 1;
+ orig_current_token = current_token;
+ current_token = tok;
+ yyerror ((char *)NULL); /* does the right thing */
+ current_token = orig_current_token;
+ if (wl)
+ dispose_words (wl);
+ wl = &parse_string_error;
+ break;
+ }
+ wl = make_word_list (yylval.word, wl);
+ }
+
+ last_read_token = '\n';
+ pop_stream ();
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ remember_on_history = old_remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = old_history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif /* BANG_HISTORY */
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+ echo_input_at_read = old_echo_input;
+ expand_aliases = old_expand_aliases;
+
+ current_command_line_count = orig_line_count;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = orig_input_terminator;
+
+ if (flags & 1)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_COMPASSIGN;
+
+ if (wl == &parse_string_error)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ else
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+
+ return (REVERSE_LIST (wl, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+
+static char *
+parse_compound_assignment (retlenp)
+ int *retlenp;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *wl, *rl;
+ int tok, orig_line_number, orig_token_size;
+ char *saved_token, *ret;
+
+ saved_token = token;
+ orig_token_size = token_buffer_size;
+ orig_line_number = line_number;
+
+ last_read_token = WORD; /* WORD to allow reserved words here */
+
+ token = (char *)NULL;
+ token_buffer_size = 0;
+
+ wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* ( */
+ parser_state |= PST_COMPASSIGN;
+
+ while ((tok = read_token (READ)) != ')')
+ {
+ if (tok == '\n') /* Allow newlines in compound assignments */
+ {
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (tok != WORD && tok != ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
+ {
+ current_token = tok; /* for error reporting */
+ if (tok == yacc_EOF) /* ( */
+ parser_error (orig_line_number, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"));
+ else
+ yyerror ((char *)NULL); /* does the right thing */
+ if (wl)
+ dispose_words (wl);
+ wl = &parse_string_error;
+ break;
+ }
+ wl = make_word_list (yylval.word, wl);
+ }
+
+ FREE (token);
+ token = saved_token;
+ token_buffer_size = orig_token_size;
+
+ parser_state &= ~PST_COMPASSIGN;
+
+ if (wl == &parse_string_error)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ last_read_token = '\n'; /* XXX */
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ else
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+
+ last_read_token = WORD;
+ if (wl)
+ {
+ rl = REVERSE_LIST (wl, WORD_LIST *);
+ ret = string_list (rl);
+ dispose_words (rl);
+ }
+ else
+ ret = (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (retlenp)
+ *retlenp = (ret && *ret) ? strlen (ret) : 0;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * SAVING AND RESTORING PARTIAL PARSE STATE *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+sh_parser_state_t *
+save_parser_state (ps)
+ sh_parser_state_t *ps;
+{
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+#endif
+
+ if (ps == 0)
+ ps = xmalloc (sizeof (sh_parser_state_t));
+ if (ps == 0)
+ return ((sh_parser_state_t *)NULL);
+
+ ps->parser_state = parser_state;
+ ps->token_state = save_token_state ();
+
+ ps->input_line_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
+ ps->eof_encountered = eof_encountered;
+
+ ps->current_command_line_count = current_command_line_count;
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ ps->remember_on_history = remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ ps->history_expansion_inhibited = history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+ ps->last_command_exit_value = last_command_exit_value;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ v = find_variable ("PIPESTATUS");
+ if (v && array_p (v) && array_cell (v))
+ ps->pipestatus = array_copy (array_cell (v));
+ else
+ ps->pipestatus = (ARRAY *)NULL;
+#endif
+
+ ps->last_shell_builtin = last_shell_builtin;
+ ps->this_shell_builtin = this_shell_builtin;
+
+ ps->expand_aliases = expand_aliases;
+ ps->echo_input_at_read = echo_input_at_read;
+
+ return (ps);
+}
+
+void
+restore_parser_state (ps)
+ sh_parser_state_t *ps;
+{
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+#endif
+
+ if (ps == 0)
+ return;
+
+ parser_state = ps->parser_state;
+ if (ps->token_state)
+ {
+ restore_token_state (ps->token_state);
+ free (ps->token_state);
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line_terminator = ps->input_line_terminator;
+ eof_encountered = ps->eof_encountered;
+
+ current_command_line_count = ps->current_command_line_count;
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ remember_on_history = ps->remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = ps->history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+ last_command_exit_value = ps->last_command_exit_value;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ v = find_variable ("PIPESTATUS");
+ if (v && array_p (v) && array_cell (v))
+ {
+ array_dispose (array_cell (v));
+ var_setarray (v, ps->pipestatus);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ last_shell_builtin = ps->last_shell_builtin;
+ this_shell_builtin = ps->this_shell_builtin;
+
+ expand_aliases = ps->expand_aliases;
+ echo_input_at_read = ps->echo_input_at_read;
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * MULTIBYTE CHARACTER HANDLING *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static void
+set_line_mbstate ()
+{
+ int i, previ, len, c;
+ mbstate_t mbs, prevs;
+ size_t mbclen;
+
+ if (shell_input_line == NULL)
+ return;
+ len = strlen (shell_input_line); /* XXX - shell_input_line_len ? */
+ FREE (shell_input_line_property);
+ shell_input_line_property = (char *)xmalloc (len + 1);
+
+ memset (&prevs, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+ for (i = previ = 0; i < len; i++)
+ {
+ mbs = prevs;
+
+ c = shell_input_line[i];
+ if (c == EOF)
+ {
+ int j;
+ for (j = i; j < len; j++)
+ shell_input_line_property[j] = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ mbclen = mbrlen (shell_input_line + previ, i - previ + 1, &mbs);
+ if (mbclen == 1 || mbclen == (size_t)-1)
+ {
+ mbclen = 1;
+ previ = i + 1;
+ }
+ else if (mbclen == (size_t)-2)
+ mbclen = 0;
+ else if (mbclen > 1)
+ {
+ mbclen = 0;
+ previ = i + 1;
+ prevs = mbs;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* XXX - what to do if mbrlen returns 0? (null wide character) */
+ int j;
+ for (j = i; j < len; j++)
+ shell_input_line_property[j] = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line_property[i] = mbclen;
+ }
+}
+#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
ARRAY *funcname_a, *bash_source_a, *bash_lineno_a;
#endif
- free (dollar_vars[0]);
- dollar_vars[0] = savestring (script_name);
filename = savestring (script_name);
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
- GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("FUNCNAME", funcname_v, funcname_a);
- GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_SOURCE", bash_source_v, bash_source_a);
- GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_LINENO", bash_lineno_v, bash_lineno_a);
-
- array_push (bash_source_a, filename);
- if (bash_lineno_a)
- {
- t = itos (executing_line_number ());
- array_push (bash_lineno_a, t);
- free (t);
- }
- array_push (funcname_a, "main");
-#endif
-
fd = open (filename, O_RDONLY);
if ((fd < 0) && (errno == ENOENT) && (absolute_program (filename) == 0))
{
exit ((e == ENOENT) ? EX_NOTFOUND : EX_NOINPUT);
}
+ free (dollar_vars[0]);
+ dollar_vars[0] = savestring (script_name);
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("FUNCNAME", funcname_v, funcname_a);
+ GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_SOURCE", bash_source_v, bash_source_a);
+ GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_LINENO", bash_lineno_v, bash_lineno_a);
+
+ array_push (bash_source_a, filename);
+ if (bash_lineno_a)
+ {
+ t = itos (executing_line_number ());
+ array_push (bash_lineno_a, t);
+ free (t);
+ }
+ array_push (funcname_a, "main");
+#endif
+
#ifdef HAVE_DEV_FD
fd_is_tty = isatty (fd);
#else
--- /dev/null
+/* shell.c -- GNU's idea of the POSIX shell specification. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+ any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+ or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
+ License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
+ Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
+
+ Birthdate:
+ Sunday, January 10th, 1988.
+ Initial author: Brian Fox
+*/
+#define INSTALL_DEBUG_MODE
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#if !defined (_MINIX) && defined (HAVE_SYS_FILE_H)
+# include <sys/file.h>
+#endif
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include "posixtime.h"
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include "filecntl.h"
+#include <pwd.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#define NEED_SH_SETLINEBUF_DECL /* used in externs.h */
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "trap.h"
+#include "mailcheck.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "builtins/common.h"
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+#include "jobs.h"
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+#include "input.h"
+#include "execute_cmd.h"
+#include "findcmd.h"
+
+#if defined (USING_BASH_MALLOC) && defined (DEBUG) && !defined (DISABLE_MALLOC_WRAPPERS)
+# include <malloc/shmalloc.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+# include "bashhist.h"
+# include <readline/history.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <tilde/tilde.h>
+#include <glob/strmatch.h>
+
+#if defined (__OPENNT)
+# include <opennt/opennt.h>
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (HAVE_GETPW_DECLS)
+extern struct passwd *getpwuid ();
+#endif /* !HAVE_GETPW_DECLS */
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (NO_MAIN_ENV_ARG)
+extern char **environ; /* used if no third argument to main() */
+#endif
+
+extern char *dist_version, *release_status;
+extern int patch_level, build_version;
+extern int shell_level;
+extern int subshell_environment;
+extern int last_command_exit_value;
+extern int line_number;
+extern char *primary_prompt, *secondary_prompt;
+extern int expand_aliases;
+extern char *this_command_name;
+extern int array_needs_making;
+
+/* Non-zero means that this shell has already been run; i.e. you should
+ call shell_reinitialize () if you need to start afresh. */
+int shell_initialized = 0;
+
+COMMAND *global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+
+/* Information about the current user. */
+struct user_info current_user =
+{
+ (uid_t)-1, (uid_t)-1, (gid_t)-1, (gid_t)-1,
+ (char *)NULL, (char *)NULL, (char *)NULL
+};
+
+/* The current host's name. */
+char *current_host_name = (char *)NULL;
+
+/* Non-zero means that this shell is a login shell.
+ Specifically:
+ 0 = not login shell.
+ 1 = login shell from getty (or equivalent fake out)
+ -1 = login shell from "--login" (or -l) flag.
+ -2 = both from getty, and from flag.
+ */
+int login_shell = 0;
+
+/* Non-zero means that at this moment, the shell is interactive. In
+ general, this means that the shell is at this moment reading input
+ from the keyboard. */
+int interactive = 0;
+
+/* Non-zero means that the shell was started as an interactive shell. */
+int interactive_shell = 0;
+
+/* Non-zero means to send a SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login
+ shell exits. */
+int hup_on_exit = 0;
+
+/* Tells what state the shell was in when it started:
+ 0 = non-interactive shell script
+ 1 = interactive
+ 2 = -c command
+ 3 = wordexp evaluation
+ This is a superset of the information provided by interactive_shell.
+*/
+int startup_state = 0;
+
+/* Special debugging helper. */
+int debugging_login_shell = 0;
+
+/* The environment that the shell passes to other commands. */
+char **shell_environment;
+
+/* Non-zero when we are executing a top-level command. */
+int executing = 0;
+
+/* The number of commands executed so far. */
+int current_command_number = 1;
+
+/* Non-zero is the recursion depth for commands. */
+int indirection_level = 0;
+
+/* The name of this shell, as taken from argv[0]. */
+char *shell_name = (char *)NULL;
+
+/* time in seconds when the shell was started */
+time_t shell_start_time;
+
+/* Are we running in an emacs shell window? */
+int running_under_emacs;
+
+/* The name of the .(shell)rc file. */
+static char *bashrc_file = "~/.bashrc";
+
+/* Non-zero means to act more like the Bourne shell on startup. */
+static int act_like_sh;
+
+/* Non-zero if this shell is being run by `su'. */
+static int su_shell;
+
+/* Non-zero if we have already expanded and sourced $ENV. */
+static int sourced_env;
+
+/* Is this shell running setuid? */
+static int running_setuid;
+
+/* Values for the long-winded argument names. */
+static int debugging; /* Do debugging things. */
+static int no_rc; /* Don't execute ~/.bashrc */
+static int no_profile; /* Don't execute .profile */
+static int do_version; /* Display interesting version info. */
+static int make_login_shell; /* Make this shell be a `-bash' shell. */
+static int want_initial_help; /* --help option */
+
+int debugging_mode = 0; /* In debugging mode with --debugger */
+int no_line_editing = 0; /* Don't do fancy line editing. */
+int posixly_correct = 0; /* Non-zero means posix.2 superset. */
+int dump_translatable_strings; /* Dump strings in $"...", don't execute. */
+int dump_po_strings; /* Dump strings in $"..." in po format */
+int wordexp_only = 0; /* Do word expansion only */
+int protected_mode = 0; /* No command substitution with --wordexp */
+
+/* Some long-winded argument names. These are obviously new. */
+#define Int 1
+#define Charp 2
+struct {
+ char *name;
+ int type;
+ int *int_value;
+ char **char_value;
+} long_args[] = {
+ { "debug", Int, &debugging, (char **)0x0 },
+#if defined (DEBUGGER)
+ { "debugger", Int, &debugging_mode, (char **)0x0 },
+#endif
+ { "dump-po-strings", Int, &dump_po_strings, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "dump-strings", Int, &dump_translatable_strings, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "help", Int, &want_initial_help, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "init-file", Charp, (int *)0x0, &bashrc_file },
+ { "login", Int, &make_login_shell, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "noediting", Int, &no_line_editing, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "noprofile", Int, &no_profile, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "norc", Int, &no_rc, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "posix", Int, &posixly_correct, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "protected", Int, &protected_mode, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "rcfile", Charp, (int *)0x0, &bashrc_file },
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+ { "restricted", Int, &restricted, (char **)0x0 },
+#endif
+ { "verbose", Int, &echo_input_at_read, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "version", Int, &do_version, (char **)0x0 },
+ { "wordexp", Int, &wordexp_only, (char **)0x0 },
+ { (char *)0x0, Int, (int *)0x0, (char **)0x0 }
+};
+
+/* These are extern so execute_simple_command can set them, and then
+ longjmp back to main to execute a shell script, instead of calling
+ main () again and resulting in indefinite, possibly fatal, stack
+ growth. */
+procenv_t subshell_top_level;
+int subshell_argc;
+char **subshell_argv;
+char **subshell_envp;
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+/* The file descriptor from which the shell is reading input. */
+int default_buffered_input = -1;
+#endif
+
+/* The following two variables are not static so they can show up in $-. */
+int read_from_stdin; /* -s flag supplied */
+int want_pending_command; /* -c flag supplied */
+
+/* This variable is not static so it can be bound to $BASH_EXECUTION_STRING */
+char *command_execution_string; /* argument to -c option */
+
+int malloc_trace_at_exit = 0;
+
+static int shell_reinitialized = 0;
+
+static FILE *default_input;
+
+static STRING_INT_ALIST *shopt_alist;
+static int shopt_ind = 0, shopt_len = 0;
+
+static int parse_long_options __P((char **, int, int));
+static int parse_shell_options __P((char **, int, int));
+static int bind_args __P((char **, int, int, int));
+
+static void start_debugger __P((void));
+
+static void add_shopt_to_alist __P((char *, int));
+static void run_shopt_alist __P((void));
+
+static void execute_env_file __P((char *));
+static void run_startup_files __P((void));
+static int open_shell_script __P((char *));
+static void set_bash_input __P((void));
+static int run_one_command __P((char *));
+static int run_wordexp __P((char *));
+
+static int uidget __P((void));
+
+static void init_interactive __P((void));
+static void init_noninteractive __P((void));
+
+static void set_shell_name __P((char *));
+static void shell_initialize __P((void));
+static void shell_reinitialize __P((void));
+
+static void show_shell_usage __P((FILE *, int));
+
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+static void
+_cygwin32_check_tmp ()
+{
+ struct stat sb;
+
+ if (stat ("/tmp", &sb) < 0)
+ internal_warning (_("could not find /tmp, please create!"));
+ else
+ {
+ if (S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode) == 0)
+ internal_warning (_("/tmp must be a valid directory name"));
+ }
+}
+#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
+
+#if defined (NO_MAIN_ENV_ARG)
+/* systems without third argument to main() */
+int
+main (argc, argv)
+ int argc;
+ char **argv;
+#else /* !NO_MAIN_ENV_ARG */
+int
+main (argc, argv, env)
+ int argc;
+ char **argv, **env;
+#endif /* !NO_MAIN_ENV_ARG */
+{
+ register int i;
+ int code, old_errexit_flag;
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+ int saverst;
+#endif
+ volatile int locally_skip_execution;
+ volatile int arg_index, top_level_arg_index;
+#ifdef __OPENNT
+ char **env;
+
+ env = environ;
+#endif /* __OPENNT */
+
+ USE_VAR(argc);
+ USE_VAR(argv);
+ USE_VAR(env);
+ USE_VAR(code);
+ USE_VAR(old_errexit_flag);
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+ USE_VAR(saverst);
+#endif
+
+ /* Catch early SIGINTs. */
+ code = setjmp (top_level);
+ if (code)
+ exit (2);
+
+#if defined (USING_BASH_MALLOC) && defined (DEBUG) && !defined (DISABLE_MALLOC_WRAPPERS)
+# if 1
+ malloc_set_register (1);
+# endif
+#endif
+
+ check_dev_tty ();
+
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+ _cygwin32_check_tmp ();
+#endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
+
+ /* Wait forever if we are debugging a login shell. */
+ while (debugging_login_shell);
+
+ set_default_locale ();
+
+ running_setuid = uidget ();
+
+ if (getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT") || getenv ("POSIX_PEDANTIC"))
+ posixly_correct = 1;
+
+#if defined (USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY)
+ mcheck (programming_error, (void (*) ())0);
+#endif /* USE_GNU_MALLOC_LIBRARY */
+
+ if (setjmp (subshell_top_level))
+ {
+ argc = subshell_argc;
+ argv = subshell_argv;
+ env = subshell_envp;
+ sourced_env = 0;
+ }
+
+ shell_reinitialized = 0;
+
+ /* Initialize `local' variables for all `invocations' of main (). */
+ arg_index = 1;
+ command_execution_string = (char *)NULL;
+ want_pending_command = locally_skip_execution = read_from_stdin = 0;
+ default_input = stdin;
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ default_buffered_input = -1;
+#endif
+
+ /* Fix for the `infinite process creation' bug when running shell scripts
+ from startup files on System V. */
+ login_shell = make_login_shell = 0;
+
+ /* If this shell has already been run, then reinitialize it to a
+ vanilla state. */
+ if (shell_initialized || shell_name)
+ {
+ /* Make sure that we do not infinitely recurse as a login shell. */
+ if (*shell_name == '-')
+ shell_name++;
+
+ shell_reinitialize ();
+ if (setjmp (top_level))
+ exit (2);
+ }
+
+ shell_environment = env;
+ set_shell_name (argv[0]);
+ shell_start_time = NOW; /* NOW now defined in general.h */
+
+ /* Parse argument flags from the input line. */
+
+ /* Find full word arguments first. */
+ arg_index = parse_long_options (argv, arg_index, argc);
+
+ if (want_initial_help)
+ {
+ show_shell_usage (stdout, 1);
+ exit (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ }
+
+ if (do_version)
+ {
+ show_shell_version (1);
+ exit (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+ }
+
+ /* All done with full word options; do standard shell option parsing.*/
+ this_command_name = shell_name; /* for error reporting */
+ arg_index = parse_shell_options (argv, arg_index, argc);
+
+ /* If user supplied the "--login" (or -l) flag, then set and invert
+ LOGIN_SHELL. */
+ if (make_login_shell)
+ {
+ login_shell++;
+ login_shell = -login_shell;
+ }
+
+ set_login_shell (login_shell != 0);
+
+ if (dump_po_strings)
+ dump_translatable_strings = 1;
+
+ if (dump_translatable_strings)
+ read_but_dont_execute = 1;
+
+ if (running_setuid && privileged_mode == 0)
+ disable_priv_mode ();
+
+ /* Need to get the argument to a -c option processed in the
+ above loop. The next arg is a command to execute, and the
+ following args are $0...$n respectively. */
+ if (want_pending_command)
+ {
+ command_execution_string = argv[arg_index];
+ if (command_execution_string == 0)
+ {
+ report_error (_("%s: option requires an argument"), "-c");
+ exit (EX_BADUSAGE);
+ }
+ arg_index++;
+ }
+ this_command_name = (char *)NULL;
+
+ cmd_init(); /* initialize the command object caches */
+
+ /* First, let the outside world know about our interactive status.
+ A shell is interactive if the `-i' flag was given, or if all of
+ the following conditions are met:
+ no -c command
+ no arguments remaining or the -s flag given
+ standard input is a terminal
+ standard output is a terminal
+ Refer to Posix.2, the description of the `sh' utility. */
+
+ if (forced_interactive || /* -i flag */
+ (!command_execution_string && /* No -c command and ... */
+ wordexp_only == 0 && /* No --wordexp and ... */
+ ((arg_index == argc) || /* no remaining args or... */
+ read_from_stdin) && /* -s flag with args, and */
+ isatty (fileno (stdin)) && /* Input is a terminal and */
+ isatty (fileno (stdout)))) /* output is a terminal. */
+ init_interactive ();
+ else
+ init_noninteractive ();
+
+#define CLOSE_FDS_AT_LOGIN
+#if defined (CLOSE_FDS_AT_LOGIN)
+ /*
+ * Some systems have the bad habit of starting login shells with lots of open
+ * file descriptors. For instance, most systems that have picked up the
+ * pre-4.0 Sun YP code leave a file descriptor open each time you call one
+ * of the getpw* functions, and it's set to be open across execs. That
+ * means one for login, one for xterm, one for shelltool, etc.
+ */
+ if (login_shell && interactive_shell)
+ {
+ for (i = 3; i < 20; i++)
+ close (i);
+ }
+#endif /* CLOSE_FDS_AT_LOGIN */
+
+ /* If we're in a strict Posix.2 mode, turn on interactive comments,
+ alias expansion in non-interactive shells, and other Posix.2 things. */
+ if (posixly_correct)
+ {
+ bind_variable ("POSIXLY_CORRECT", "y");
+ sv_strict_posix ("POSIXLY_CORRECT");
+ }
+
+ /* Now we run the shopt_alist and process the options. */
+ if (shopt_alist)
+ run_shopt_alist ();
+
+ /* From here on in, the shell must be a normal functioning shell.
+ Variables from the environment are expected to be set, etc. */
+ shell_initialize ();
+
+ set_default_locale_vars ();
+
+ if (interactive_shell)
+ {
+ char *term, *emacs;
+
+ term = get_string_value ("TERM");
+ no_line_editing |= term && (STREQ (term, "emacs"));
+ emacs = get_string_value ("EMACS");
+ running_under_emacs = emacs ? ((strmatch ("*term*", emacs, 0) == 0) ? 2 : 1)
+ : 0;
+#if 0
+ no_line_editing |= emacs && emacs[0] == 't' && emacs[1] == '\0';
+#else
+ no_line_editing |= emacs && emacs[0] == 't' && emacs[1] == '\0' && STREQ (term, "dumb");
+#endif
+ }
+
+ top_level_arg_index = arg_index;
+ old_errexit_flag = exit_immediately_on_error;
+
+ /* Give this shell a place to longjmp to before executing the
+ startup files. This allows users to press C-c to abort the
+ lengthy startup. */
+ code = setjmp (top_level);
+ if (code)
+ {
+ if (code == EXITPROG || code == ERREXIT)
+ exit_shell (last_command_exit_value);
+ else
+ {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* Reset job control, since run_startup_files turned it off. */
+ set_job_control (interactive_shell);
+#endif
+ /* Reset value of `set -e', since it's turned off before running
+ the startup files. */
+ exit_immediately_on_error += old_errexit_flag;
+ locally_skip_execution++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ arg_index = top_level_arg_index;
+
+ /* Execute the start-up scripts. */
+
+ if (interactive_shell == 0)
+ {
+ unbind_variable ("PS1");
+ unbind_variable ("PS2");
+ interactive = 0;
+#if 0
+ /* This has already been done by init_noninteractive */
+ expand_aliases = posixly_correct;
+#endif
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ change_flag ('i', FLAG_ON);
+ interactive = 1;
+ }
+
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+ /* Set restricted_shell based on whether the basename of $0 indicates that
+ the shell should be restricted or if the `-r' option was supplied at
+ startup. */
+ restricted_shell = shell_is_restricted (shell_name);
+
+ /* If the `-r' option is supplied at invocation, make sure that the shell
+ is not in restricted mode when running the startup files. */
+ saverst = restricted;
+ restricted = 0;
+#endif
+
+ /* The startup files are run with `set -e' temporarily disabled. */
+ if (locally_skip_execution == 0 && running_setuid == 0)
+ {
+ old_errexit_flag = exit_immediately_on_error;
+ exit_immediately_on_error = 0;
+
+ run_startup_files ();
+ exit_immediately_on_error += old_errexit_flag;
+ }
+
+ /* If we are invoked as `sh', turn on Posix mode. */
+ if (act_like_sh)
+ {
+ bind_variable ("POSIXLY_CORRECT", "y");
+ sv_strict_posix ("POSIXLY_CORRECT");
+ }
+
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+ /* Turn on the restrictions after executing the startup files. This
+ means that `bash -r' or `set -r' invoked from a startup file will
+ turn on the restrictions after the startup files are executed. */
+ restricted = saverst || restricted;
+ if (shell_reinitialized == 0)
+ maybe_make_restricted (shell_name);
+#endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
+
+ if (wordexp_only)
+ {
+ startup_state = 3;
+ last_command_exit_value = run_wordexp (argv[arg_index]);
+ exit_shell (last_command_exit_value);
+ }
+
+ if (command_execution_string)
+ {
+ arg_index = bind_args (argv, arg_index, argc, 0);
+ startup_state = 2;
+
+ if (debugging_mode)
+ start_debugger ();
+
+#if defined (ONESHOT)
+ executing = 1;
+ run_one_command (command_execution_string);
+ exit_shell (last_command_exit_value);
+#else /* ONESHOT */
+ with_input_from_string (command_execution_string, "-c");
+ goto read_and_execute;
+#endif /* !ONESHOT */
+ }
+
+ /* Get possible input filename and set up default_buffered_input or
+ default_input as appropriate. */
+ if (arg_index != argc && read_from_stdin == 0)
+ {
+ open_shell_script (argv[arg_index]);
+ arg_index++;
+ }
+ else if (interactive == 0)
+ /* In this mode, bash is reading a script from stdin, which is a
+ pipe or redirected file. */
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ default_buffered_input = fileno (stdin); /* == 0 */
+#else
+ setbuf (default_input, (char *)NULL);
+#endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+ set_bash_input ();
+
+ /* Bind remaining args to $1 ... $n */
+ arg_index = bind_args (argv, arg_index, argc, 1);
+
+ if (debugging_mode && locally_skip_execution == 0 && running_setuid == 0)
+ start_debugger ();
+
+ /* Do the things that should be done only for interactive shells. */
+ if (interactive_shell)
+ {
+ /* Set up for checking for presence of mail. */
+ remember_mail_dates ();
+ reset_mail_timer ();
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ /* Initialize the interactive history stuff. */
+ bash_initialize_history ();
+ /* Don't load the history from the history file if we've already
+ saved some lines in this session (e.g., by putting `history -s xx'
+ into one of the startup files). */
+ if (shell_initialized == 0 && history_lines_this_session == 0)
+ load_history ();
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+ /* Initialize terminal state for interactive shells after the
+ .bash_profile and .bashrc are interpreted. */
+ get_tty_state ();
+ }
+
+#if !defined (ONESHOT)
+ read_and_execute:
+#endif /* !ONESHOT */
+
+ shell_initialized = 1;
+
+ /* Read commands until exit condition. */
+ reader_loop ();
+ exit_shell (last_command_exit_value);
+}
+
+static int
+parse_long_options (argv, arg_start, arg_end)
+ char **argv;
+ int arg_start, arg_end;
+{
+ int arg_index, longarg, i;
+ char *arg_string;
+
+ arg_index = arg_start;
+ while ((arg_index != arg_end) && (arg_string = argv[arg_index]) &&
+ (*arg_string == '-'))
+ {
+ longarg = 0;
+
+ /* Make --login equivalent to -login. */
+ if (arg_string[1] == '-' && arg_string[2])
+ {
+ longarg = 1;
+ arg_string++;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; long_args[i].name; i++)
+ {
+ if (STREQ (arg_string + 1, long_args[i].name))
+ {
+ if (long_args[i].type == Int)
+ *long_args[i].int_value = 1;
+ else if (argv[++arg_index] == 0)
+ {
+ report_error (_("%s: option requires an argument"), long_args[i].name);
+ exit (EX_BADUSAGE);
+ }
+ else
+ *long_args[i].char_value = argv[arg_index];
+
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ if (long_args[i].name == 0)
+ {
+ if (longarg)
+ {
+ report_error (_("%s: invalid option"), argv[arg_index]);
+ show_shell_usage (stderr, 0);
+ exit (EX_BADUSAGE);
+ }
+ break; /* No such argument. Maybe flag arg. */
+ }
+
+ arg_index++;
+ }
+
+ return (arg_index);
+}
+
+static int
+parse_shell_options (argv, arg_start, arg_end)
+ char **argv;
+ int arg_start, arg_end;
+{
+ int arg_index;
+ int arg_character, on_or_off, next_arg, i;
+ char *o_option, *arg_string;
+
+ arg_index = arg_start;
+ while (arg_index != arg_end && (arg_string = argv[arg_index]) &&
+ (*arg_string == '-' || *arg_string == '+'))
+ {
+ /* There are flag arguments, so parse them. */
+ next_arg = arg_index + 1;
+
+ /* A single `-' signals the end of options. From the 4.3 BSD sh.
+ An option `--' means the same thing; this is the standard
+ getopt(3) meaning. */
+ if (arg_string[0] == '-' &&
+ (arg_string[1] == '\0' ||
+ (arg_string[1] == '-' && arg_string[2] == '\0')))
+ return (next_arg);
+
+ i = 1;
+ on_or_off = arg_string[0];
+ while (arg_character = arg_string[i++])
+ {
+ switch (arg_character)
+ {
+ case 'c':
+ want_pending_command = 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'l':
+ make_login_shell = 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 's':
+ read_from_stdin = 1;
+ break;
+
+ case 'o':
+ o_option = argv[next_arg];
+ if (o_option == 0)
+ {
+ list_minus_o_opts (-1, (on_or_off == '-') ? 0 : 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ if (set_minus_o_option (on_or_off, o_option) != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ exit (EX_BADUSAGE);
+ next_arg++;
+ break;
+
+ case 'O':
+ /* Since some of these can be overridden by the normal
+ interactive/non-interactive shell initialization or
+ initializing posix mode, we save the options and process
+ them after initialization. */
+ o_option = argv[next_arg];
+ if (o_option == 0)
+ {
+ shopt_listopt (o_option, (on_or_off == '-') ? 0 : 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ add_shopt_to_alist (o_option, on_or_off);
+ next_arg++;
+ break;
+
+ case 'D':
+ dump_translatable_strings = 1;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ if (change_flag (arg_character, on_or_off) == FLAG_ERROR)
+ {
+ report_error (_("%c%c: invalid option"), on_or_off, arg_character);
+ show_shell_usage (stderr, 0);
+ exit (EX_BADUSAGE);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ /* Can't do just a simple increment anymore -- what about
+ "bash -abouo emacs ignoreeof -hP"? */
+ arg_index = next_arg;
+ }
+
+ return (arg_index);
+}
+
+/* Exit the shell with status S. */
+void
+exit_shell (s)
+ int s;
+{
+ /* Do trap[0] if defined. Allow it to override the exit status
+ passed to us. */
+ if (signal_is_trapped (0))
+ s = run_exit_trap ();
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ if (interactive_shell)
+ maybe_save_shell_history ();
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* If the user has run `shopt -s huponexit', hangup all jobs when we exit
+ an interactive login shell. ksh does this unconditionally. */
+ if (interactive_shell && login_shell && hup_on_exit)
+ hangup_all_jobs ();
+
+ /* If this shell is interactive, terminate all stopped jobs and
+ restore the original terminal process group. Don't do this if we're
+ in a subshell and calling exit_shell after, for example, a failed
+ word expansion. */
+ if (subshell_environment == 0)
+ end_job_control ();
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ /* Always return the exit status of the last command to our parent. */
+ sh_exit (s);
+}
+
+/* A wrapper for exit that (optionally) can do other things, like malloc
+ statistics tracing. */
+void
+sh_exit (s)
+ int s;
+{
+#if defined (MALLOC_DEBUG) && defined (USING_BASH_MALLOC)
+ if (malloc_trace_at_exit)
+ trace_malloc_stats (get_name_for_error (), (char *)NULL);
+#endif
+
+ exit (s);
+}
+
+/* Source the bash startup files. If POSIXLY_CORRECT is non-zero, we obey
+ the Posix.2 startup file rules: $ENV is expanded, and if the file it
+ names exists, that file is sourced. The Posix.2 rules are in effect
+ for interactive shells only. (section 4.56.5.3) */
+
+/* Execute ~/.bashrc for most shells. Never execute it if
+ ACT_LIKE_SH is set, or if NO_RC is set.
+
+ If the executable file "/usr/gnu/src/bash/foo" contains:
+
+ #!/usr/gnu/bin/bash
+ echo hello
+
+ then:
+
+ COMMAND EXECUTE BASHRC
+ --------------------------------
+ bash -c foo NO
+ bash foo NO
+ foo NO
+ rsh machine ls YES (for rsh, which calls `bash -c')
+ rsh machine foo YES (for shell started by rsh) NO (for foo!)
+ echo ls | bash NO
+ login NO
+ bash YES
+*/
+
+static void
+execute_env_file (env_file)
+ char *env_file;
+{
+ char *fn;
+
+ if (env_file && *env_file)
+ {
+ fn = expand_string_unsplit_to_string (env_file, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES);
+ if (fn && *fn)
+ maybe_execute_file (fn, 1);
+ FREE (fn);
+ }
+}
+
+static void
+run_startup_files ()
+{
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ int old_job_control;
+#endif
+ int sourced_login, run_by_ssh;
+
+ /* get the rshd/sshd case out of the way first. */
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && no_rc == 0 && login_shell == 0 &&
+ act_like_sh == 0 && command_execution_string)
+ {
+#ifdef SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC
+ run_by_ssh = (find_variable ("SSH_CLIENT") != (SHELL_VAR *)0) ||
+ (find_variable ("SSH2_CLIENT") != (SHELL_VAR *)0);
+#else
+ run_by_ssh = 0;
+#endif
+
+ /* If we were run by sshd or we think we were run by rshd, execute
+ ~/.bashrc if we are a top-level shell. */
+ if ((run_by_ssh || isnetconn (fileno (stdin))) && shell_level < 2)
+ {
+#ifdef SYS_BASHRC
+# if defined (__OPENNT)
+ maybe_execute_file (_prefixInstallPath(SYS_BASHRC, NULL, 0), 1);
+# else
+ maybe_execute_file (SYS_BASHRC, 1);
+# endif
+#endif
+ maybe_execute_file (bashrc_file, 1);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* Startup files should be run without job control enabled. */
+ old_job_control = interactive_shell ? set_job_control (0) : 0;
+#endif
+
+ sourced_login = 0;
+
+ /* A shell begun with the --login (or -l) flag that is not in posix mode
+ runs the login shell startup files, no matter whether or not it is
+ interactive. If NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS is defined, run the
+ startup files if argv[0][0] == '-' as well. */
+#if defined (NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS)
+ if (login_shell && posixly_correct == 0)
+#else
+ if (login_shell < 0 && posixly_correct == 0)
+#endif
+ {
+ /* We don't execute .bashrc for login shells. */
+ no_rc++;
+
+ /* Execute /etc/profile and one of the personal login shell
+ initialization files. */
+ if (no_profile == 0)
+ {
+ maybe_execute_file (SYS_PROFILE, 1);
+
+ if (act_like_sh) /* sh */
+ maybe_execute_file ("~/.profile", 1);
+ else if ((maybe_execute_file ("~/.bash_profile", 1) == 0) &&
+ (maybe_execute_file ("~/.bash_login", 1) == 0)) /* bash */
+ maybe_execute_file ("~/.profile", 1);
+ }
+
+ sourced_login = 1;
+ }
+
+ /* A non-interactive shell not named `sh' and not in posix mode reads and
+ executes commands from $BASH_ENV. If `su' starts a shell with `-c cmd'
+ and `-su' as the name of the shell, we want to read the startup files.
+ No other non-interactive shells read any startup files. */
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && !(su_shell && login_shell))
+ {
+ if (posixly_correct == 0 && act_like_sh == 0 && privileged_mode == 0 &&
+ sourced_env++ == 0)
+ execute_env_file (get_string_value ("BASH_ENV"));
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* Interactive shell or `-su' shell. */
+ if (posixly_correct == 0) /* bash, sh */
+ {
+ if (login_shell && sourced_login++ == 0)
+ {
+ /* We don't execute .bashrc for login shells. */
+ no_rc++;
+
+ /* Execute /etc/profile and one of the personal login shell
+ initialization files. */
+ if (no_profile == 0)
+ {
+ maybe_execute_file (SYS_PROFILE, 1);
+
+ if (act_like_sh) /* sh */
+ maybe_execute_file ("~/.profile", 1);
+ else if ((maybe_execute_file ("~/.bash_profile", 1) == 0) &&
+ (maybe_execute_file ("~/.bash_login", 1) == 0)) /* bash */
+ maybe_execute_file ("~/.profile", 1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* bash */
+ if (act_like_sh == 0 && no_rc == 0)
+ {
+#ifdef SYS_BASHRC
+# if defined (__OPENNT)
+ maybe_execute_file (_prefixInstallPath(SYS_BASHRC, NULL, 0), 1);
+# else
+ maybe_execute_file (SYS_BASHRC, 1);
+# endif
+#endif
+ maybe_execute_file (bashrc_file, 1);
+ }
+ /* sh */
+ else if (act_like_sh && privileged_mode == 0 && sourced_env++ == 0)
+ execute_env_file (get_string_value ("ENV"));
+ }
+ else /* bash --posix, sh --posix */
+ {
+ /* bash and sh */
+ if (interactive_shell && privileged_mode == 0 && sourced_env++ == 0)
+ execute_env_file (get_string_value ("ENV"));
+ }
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ set_job_control (old_job_control);
+#endif
+}
+
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+/* Return 1 if the shell should be a restricted one based on NAME or the
+ value of `restricted'. Don't actually do anything, just return a
+ boolean value. */
+int
+shell_is_restricted (name)
+ char *name;
+{
+ char *temp;
+
+ if (restricted)
+ return 1;
+ temp = base_pathname (name);
+ return (STREQ (temp, RESTRICTED_SHELL_NAME));
+}
+
+/* Perhaps make this shell a `restricted' one, based on NAME. If the
+ basename of NAME is "rbash", then this shell is restricted. The
+ name of the restricted shell is a configurable option, see config.h.
+ In a restricted shell, PATH, SHELL, ENV, and BASH_ENV are read-only
+ and non-unsettable.
+ Do this also if `restricted' is already set to 1; maybe the shell was
+ started with -r. */
+int
+maybe_make_restricted (name)
+ char *name;
+{
+ char *temp;
+
+ temp = base_pathname (name);
+ if (*temp == '-')
+ temp++;
+ if (restricted || (STREQ (temp, RESTRICTED_SHELL_NAME)))
+ {
+ set_var_read_only ("PATH");
+ set_var_read_only ("SHELL");
+ set_var_read_only ("ENV");
+ set_var_read_only ("BASH_ENV");
+ restricted = 1;
+ }
+ return (restricted);
+}
+#endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
+
+/* Fetch the current set of uids and gids and return 1 if we're running
+ setuid or setgid. */
+static int
+uidget ()
+{
+ uid_t u;
+
+ u = getuid ();
+ if (current_user.uid != u)
+ {
+ FREE (current_user.user_name);
+ FREE (current_user.shell);
+ FREE (current_user.home_dir);
+ current_user.user_name = current_user.shell = current_user.home_dir = (char *)NULL;
+ }
+ current_user.uid = u;
+ current_user.gid = getgid ();
+ current_user.euid = geteuid ();
+ current_user.egid = getegid ();
+
+ /* See whether or not we are running setuid or setgid. */
+ return (current_user.uid != current_user.euid) ||
+ (current_user.gid != current_user.egid);
+}
+
+void
+disable_priv_mode ()
+{
+ setuid (current_user.uid);
+ setgid (current_user.gid);
+ current_user.euid = current_user.uid;
+ current_user.egid = current_user.gid;
+}
+
+static int
+run_wordexp (words)
+ char *words;
+{
+ int code, nw, nb;
+ WORD_LIST *wl, *tl, *result;
+
+ code = setjmp (top_level);
+
+ if (code != NOT_JUMPED)
+ {
+ switch (code)
+ {
+ /* Some kind of throw to top_level has occured. */
+ case FORCE_EOF:
+ return last_command_exit_value = 127;
+ case ERREXIT:
+ case EXITPROG:
+ return last_command_exit_value;
+ case DISCARD:
+ return last_command_exit_value = 1;
+ default:
+ command_error ("run_wordexp", CMDERR_BADJUMP, code, 0);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Run it through the parser to get a list of words and expand them */
+ if (words && *words)
+ {
+ with_input_from_string (words, "--wordexp");
+ if (parse_command () != 0)
+ return (126);
+ if (global_command == 0)
+ {
+ printf ("0\n0\n");
+ return (0);
+ }
+ if (global_command->type != cm_simple)
+ return (126);
+ wl = global_command->value.Simple->words;
+ if (protected_mode)
+ for (tl = wl; tl; tl = tl->next)
+ tl->word->flags |= W_NOCOMSUB;
+ result = wl ? expand_words_no_vars (wl) : (WORD_LIST *)0;
+ }
+ else
+ result = (WORD_LIST *)0;
+
+ last_command_exit_value = 0;
+
+ if (result == 0)
+ {
+ printf ("0\n0\n");
+ return (0);
+ }
+
+ /* Count up the number of words and bytes, and print them. Don't count
+ the trailing NUL byte. */
+ for (nw = nb = 0, wl = result; wl; wl = wl->next)
+ {
+ nw++;
+ nb += strlen (wl->word->word);
+ }
+ printf ("%u\n%u\n", nw, nb);
+ /* Print each word on a separate line. This will have to be changed when
+ the interface to glibc is completed. */
+ for (wl = result; wl; wl = wl->next)
+ printf ("%s\n", wl->word->word);
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+#if defined (ONESHOT)
+/* Run one command, given as the argument to the -c option. Tell
+ parse_and_execute not to fork for a simple command. */
+static int
+run_one_command (command)
+ char *command;
+{
+ int code;
+
+ code = setjmp (top_level);
+
+ if (code != NOT_JUMPED)
+ {
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+ switch (code)
+ {
+ /* Some kind of throw to top_level has occured. */
+ case FORCE_EOF:
+ return last_command_exit_value = 127;
+ case ERREXIT:
+ case EXITPROG:
+ return last_command_exit_value;
+ case DISCARD:
+ return last_command_exit_value = 1;
+ default:
+ command_error ("run_one_command", CMDERR_BADJUMP, code, 0);
+ }
+ }
+ return (parse_and_execute (savestring (command), "-c", SEVAL_NOHIST));
+}
+#endif /* ONESHOT */
+
+static int
+bind_args (argv, arg_start, arg_end, start_index)
+ char **argv;
+ int arg_start, arg_end, start_index;
+{
+ register int i;
+ WORD_LIST *args;
+
+ for (i = arg_start, args = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; i != arg_end; i++)
+ args = make_word_list (make_word (argv[i]), args);
+ if (args)
+ {
+ args = REVERSE_LIST (args, WORD_LIST *);
+ if (start_index == 0) /* bind to $0...$n for sh -c command */
+ {
+ /* Posix.2 4.56.3 says that the first argument after sh -c command
+ becomes $0, and the rest of the arguments become $1...$n */
+ shell_name = savestring (args->word->word);
+ FREE (dollar_vars[0]);
+ dollar_vars[0] = savestring (args->word->word);
+ remember_args (args->next, 1);
+ push_args (args->next); /* BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC */
+ }
+ else /* bind to $1...$n for shell script */
+ {
+ remember_args (args, 1);
+ push_args (args); /* BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC */
+ }
+
+ dispose_words (args);
+ }
+
+ return (i);
+}
+
+void
+unbind_args ()
+{
+ remember_args ((WORD_LIST *)NULL, 1);
+ pop_args (); /* Reset BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC */
+}
+
+static void
+start_debugger ()
+{
+#if defined (DEBUGGER) && defined (DEBUGGER_START_FILE)
+ int old_errexit;
+
+ old_errexit = exit_immediately_on_error;
+ exit_immediately_on_error = 0;
+
+ maybe_execute_file (DEBUGGER_START_FILE, 1);
+ function_trace_mode = 1;
+
+ exit_immediately_on_error += old_errexit;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int
+open_shell_script (script_name)
+ char *script_name;
+{
+ int fd, e, fd_is_tty;
+ char *filename, *path_filename, *t;
+ char sample[80];
+ int sample_len;
+ struct stat sb;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ SHELL_VAR *funcname_v, *bash_source_v, *bash_lineno_v;
+ ARRAY *funcname_a, *bash_source_a, *bash_lineno_a;
+#endif
+
+ free (dollar_vars[0]);
+ dollar_vars[0] = savestring (script_name);
+ filename = savestring (script_name);
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("FUNCNAME", funcname_v, funcname_a);
+ GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_SOURCE", bash_source_v, bash_source_a);
+ GET_ARRAY_FROM_VAR ("BASH_LINENO", bash_lineno_v, bash_lineno_a);
+
+ array_push (bash_source_a, filename);
+ if (bash_lineno_a)
+ {
+ t = itos (executing_line_number ());
+ array_push (bash_lineno_a, t);
+ free (t);
+ }
+ array_push (funcname_a, "main");
+#endif
+
+ fd = open (filename, O_RDONLY);
+ if ((fd < 0) && (errno == ENOENT) && (absolute_program (filename) == 0))
+ {
+ e = errno;
+ /* If it's not in the current directory, try looking through PATH
+ for it. */
+ path_filename = find_path_file (script_name);
+ if (path_filename)
+ {
+ free (filename);
+ filename = path_filename;
+ fd = open (filename, O_RDONLY);
+ }
+ else
+ errno = e;
+ }
+
+ if (fd < 0)
+ {
+ e = errno;
+ file_error (filename);
+ exit ((e == ENOENT) ? EX_NOTFOUND : EX_NOINPUT);
+ }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_DEV_FD
+ fd_is_tty = isatty (fd);
+#else
+ fd_is_tty = 0;
+#endif
+
+ /* Only do this with non-tty file descriptors we can seek on. */
+ if (fd_is_tty == 0 && (lseek (fd, 0L, 1) != -1))
+ {
+ /* Check to see if the `file' in `bash file' is a binary file
+ according to the same tests done by execute_simple_command (),
+ and report an error and exit if it is. */
+ sample_len = read (fd, sample, sizeof (sample));
+ if (sample_len < 0)
+ {
+ e = errno;
+ if ((fstat (fd, &sb) == 0) && S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode))
+ internal_error (_("%s: is a directory"), filename);
+ else
+ {
+ errno = e;
+ file_error (filename);
+ }
+ exit (EX_NOEXEC);
+ }
+ else if (sample_len > 0 && (check_binary_file (sample, sample_len)))
+ {
+ internal_error ("%s: cannot execute binary file", filename);
+ exit (EX_BINARY_FILE);
+ }
+ /* Now rewind the file back to the beginning. */
+ lseek (fd, 0L, 0);
+ }
+
+ /* Open the script. But try to move the file descriptor to a randomly
+ large one, in the hopes that any descriptors used by the script will
+ not match with ours. */
+ fd = move_to_high_fd (fd, 0, -1);
+
+#if defined (__CYGWIN__) && defined (O_TEXT)
+ setmode (fd, O_TEXT);
+#endif
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ default_buffered_input = fd;
+ SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (default_buffered_input);
+#else /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+ default_input = fdopen (fd, "r");
+
+ if (default_input == 0)
+ {
+ file_error (filename);
+ exit (EX_NOTFOUND);
+ }
+
+ SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (fd);
+ if (fileno (default_input) != fd)
+ SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (fileno (default_input));
+#endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+ /* Just about the only way for this code to be executed is if something
+ like `bash -i /dev/stdin' is executed. */
+ if (interactive_shell && fd_is_tty)
+ {
+ dup2 (fd, 0);
+ close (fd);
+ fd = 0;
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ default_buffered_input = 0;
+#else
+ fclose (default_input);
+ default_input = stdin;
+#endif
+ }
+ else if (forced_interactive && fd_is_tty == 0)
+ /* But if a script is called with something like `bash -i scriptname',
+ we need to do a non-interactive setup here, since we didn't do it
+ before. */
+ init_noninteractive ();
+
+ free (filename);
+ return (fd);
+}
+
+/* Initialize the input routines for the parser. */
+static void
+set_bash_input ()
+{
+ /* Make sure the fd from which we are reading input is not in
+ no-delay mode. */
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ if (interactive == 0)
+ sh_unset_nodelay_mode (default_buffered_input);
+ else
+#endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+ sh_unset_nodelay_mode (fileno (stdin));
+
+ /* with_input_from_stdin really means `with_input_from_readline' */
+ if (interactive && no_line_editing == 0)
+ with_input_from_stdin ();
+ else
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ {
+ if (interactive == 0)
+ with_input_from_buffered_stream (default_buffered_input, dollar_vars[0]);
+ else
+ with_input_from_stream (default_input, dollar_vars[0]);
+ }
+#else /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+ with_input_from_stream (default_input, dollar_vars[0]);
+#endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+}
+
+/* Close the current shell script input source and forget about it. This is
+ extern so execute_cmd.c:initialize_subshell() can call it. If CHECK_ZERO
+ is non-zero, we close default_buffered_input even if it's the standard
+ input (fd 0). */
+void
+unset_bash_input (check_zero)
+ int check_zero;
+{
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ if ((check_zero && default_buffered_input >= 0) ||
+ (check_zero == 0 && default_buffered_input > 0))
+ {
+ close_buffered_fd (default_buffered_input);
+ default_buffered_input = bash_input.location.buffered_fd = -1;
+ }
+#else /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+ if (default_input)
+ {
+ fclose (default_input);
+ default_input = (FILE *)NULL;
+ }
+#endif /* !BUFFERED_INPUT */
+}
+
+
+#if !defined (PROGRAM)
+# define PROGRAM "bash"
+#endif
+
+static void
+set_shell_name (argv0)
+ char *argv0;
+{
+ /* Here's a hack. If the name of this shell is "sh", then don't do
+ any startup files; just try to be more like /bin/sh. */
+ shell_name = base_pathname (argv0);
+
+ if (*shell_name == '-')
+ {
+ shell_name++;
+ login_shell++;
+ }
+
+ if (shell_name[0] == 's' && shell_name[1] == 'h' && shell_name[2] == '\0')
+ act_like_sh++;
+ if (shell_name[0] == 's' && shell_name[1] == 'u' && shell_name[2] == '\0')
+ su_shell++;
+
+ shell_name = argv0;
+ FREE (dollar_vars[0]);
+ dollar_vars[0] = savestring (shell_name);
+
+ /* A program may start an interactive shell with
+ "execl ("/bin/bash", "-", NULL)".
+ If so, default the name of this shell to our name. */
+ if (!shell_name || !*shell_name || (shell_name[0] == '-' && !shell_name[1]))
+ shell_name = PROGRAM;
+}
+
+static void
+init_interactive ()
+{
+ interactive_shell = startup_state = interactive = 1;
+ expand_aliases = 1;
+}
+
+static void
+init_noninteractive ()
+{
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ bash_history_reinit (0);
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+ interactive_shell = startup_state = interactive = 0;
+ expand_aliases = posixly_correct; /* XXX - was 0 not posixly_correct */
+ no_line_editing = 1;
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ set_job_control (0);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+}
+
+void
+get_current_user_info ()
+{
+ struct passwd *entry;
+
+ /* Don't fetch this more than once. */
+ if (current_user.user_name == 0)
+ {
+ entry = getpwuid (current_user.uid);
+ if (entry)
+ {
+ current_user.user_name = savestring (entry->pw_name);
+ current_user.shell = (entry->pw_shell && entry->pw_shell[0])
+ ? savestring (entry->pw_shell)
+ : savestring ("/bin/sh");
+ current_user.home_dir = savestring (entry->pw_dir);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ current_user.user_name = _("I have no name!");
+ current_user.user_name = savestring (current_user.user_name);
+ current_user.shell = savestring ("/bin/sh");
+ current_user.home_dir = savestring ("/");
+ }
+ endpwent ();
+ }
+}
+
+/* Do whatever is necessary to initialize the shell.
+ Put new initializations in here. */
+static void
+shell_initialize ()
+{
+ char hostname[256];
+
+ /* Line buffer output for stderr and stdout. */
+ if (shell_initialized == 0)
+ {
+ sh_setlinebuf (stderr);
+ sh_setlinebuf (stdout);
+ }
+
+ /* Sort the array of shell builtins so that the binary search in
+ find_shell_builtin () works correctly. */
+ initialize_shell_builtins ();
+
+ /* Initialize the trap signal handlers before installing our own
+ signal handlers. traps.c:restore_original_signals () is responsible
+ for restoring the original default signal handlers. That function
+ is called when we make a new child. */
+ initialize_traps ();
+ initialize_signals (0);
+
+ /* It's highly unlikely that this will change. */
+ if (current_host_name == 0)
+ {
+ /* Initialize current_host_name. */
+ if (gethostname (hostname, 255) < 0)
+ current_host_name = "??host??";
+ else
+ current_host_name = savestring (hostname);
+ }
+
+ /* Initialize the stuff in current_user that comes from the password
+ file. We don't need to do this right away if the shell is not
+ interactive. */
+ if (interactive_shell)
+ get_current_user_info ();
+
+ /* Initialize our interface to the tilde expander. */
+ tilde_initialize ();
+
+ /* Initialize internal and environment variables. Don't import shell
+ functions from the environment if we are running in privileged or
+ restricted mode or if the shell is running setuid. */
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+ initialize_shell_variables (shell_environment, privileged_mode||restricted||running_setuid);
+#else
+ initialize_shell_variables (shell_environment, privileged_mode||running_setuid);
+#endif
+
+ /* Initialize the data structures for storing and running jobs. */
+ initialize_job_control (0);
+
+ /* Initialize input streams to null. */
+ initialize_bash_input ();
+
+ initialize_flags ();
+
+ /* Initialize the shell options. Don't import the shell options
+ from the environment variable $SHELLOPTS if we are running in
+ privileged or restricted mode or if the shell is running setuid. */
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+ initialize_shell_options (privileged_mode||restricted||running_setuid);
+#else
+ initialize_shell_options (privileged_mode||running_setuid);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Function called by main () when it appears that the shell has already
+ had some initialization performed. This is supposed to reset the world
+ back to a pristine state, as if we had been exec'ed. */
+static void
+shell_reinitialize ()
+{
+ /* The default shell prompts. */
+ primary_prompt = PPROMPT;
+ secondary_prompt = SPROMPT;
+
+ /* Things that get 1. */
+ current_command_number = 1;
+
+ /* We have decided that the ~/.bashrc file should not be executed
+ for the invocation of each shell script. If the variable $ENV
+ (or $BASH_ENV) is set, its value is used as the name of a file
+ to source. */
+ no_rc = no_profile = 1;
+
+ /* Things that get 0. */
+ login_shell = make_login_shell = interactive = executing = 0;
+ debugging = do_version = line_number = last_command_exit_value = 0;
+ forced_interactive = interactive_shell = subshell_environment = 0;
+ expand_aliases = 0;
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ bash_history_reinit (0);
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
+ restricted = 0;
+#endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
+
+ /* Ensure that the default startup file is used. (Except that we don't
+ execute this file for reinitialized shells). */
+ bashrc_file = "~/.bashrc";
+
+ /* Delete all variables and functions. They will be reinitialized when
+ the environment is parsed. */
+ delete_all_contexts (shell_variables);
+ delete_all_variables (shell_functions);
+
+ shell_reinitialized = 1;
+}
+
+static void
+show_shell_usage (fp, extra)
+ FILE *fp;
+ int extra;
+{
+ int i;
+ char *set_opts, *s, *t;
+
+ if (extra)
+ fprintf (fp, "GNU bash, version %s-(%s)\n", shell_version_string (), MACHTYPE);
+ fprintf (fp, _("Usage:\t%s [GNU long option] [option] ...\n\t%s [GNU long option] [option] script-file ...\n"),
+ shell_name, shell_name);
+ fputs (_("GNU long options:\n"), fp);
+ for (i = 0; long_args[i].name; i++)
+ fprintf (fp, "\t--%s\n", long_args[i].name);
+
+ fputs (_("Shell options:\n"), fp);
+ fputs (_("\t-irsD or -c command or -O shopt_option\t\t(invocation only)\n"), fp);
+
+ for (i = 0, set_opts = 0; shell_builtins[i].name; i++)
+ if (STREQ (shell_builtins[i].name, "set"))
+ set_opts = savestring (shell_builtins[i].short_doc);
+ if (set_opts)
+ {
+ s = xstrchr (set_opts, '[');
+ if (s == 0)
+ s = set_opts;
+ while (*++s == '-')
+ ;
+ t = xstrchr (s, ']');
+ if (t)
+ *t = '\0';
+ fprintf (fp, _("\t-%s or -o option\n"), s);
+ free (set_opts);
+ }
+
+ if (extra)
+ {
+ fprintf (fp, _("Type `%s -c \"help set\"' for more information about shell options.\n"), shell_name);
+ fprintf (fp, _("Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.\n"), shell_name);
+ fprintf (fp, _("Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs.\n"));
+ }
+}
+
+static void
+add_shopt_to_alist (opt, on_or_off)
+ char *opt;
+ int on_or_off;
+{
+ if (shopt_ind >= shopt_len)
+ {
+ shopt_len += 8;
+ shopt_alist = (STRING_INT_ALIST *)xrealloc (shopt_alist, shopt_len * sizeof (shopt_alist[0]));
+ }
+ shopt_alist[shopt_ind].word = opt;
+ shopt_alist[shopt_ind].token = on_or_off;
+ shopt_ind++;
+}
+
+static void
+run_shopt_alist ()
+{
+ register int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < shopt_ind; i++)
+ if (shopt_setopt (shopt_alist[i].word, (shopt_alist[i].token == '-')) != EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
+ exit (EX_BADUSAGE);
+ free (shopt_alist);
+ shopt_alist = 0;
+ shopt_ind = shopt_len = 0;
+}
if (list == 0)
return ((char *)NULL);
+ /* Short-circuit quickly if we don't need to separate anything. */
+ if (list->next == 0)
+ return (savestring (list->word->word));
+
/* This is nearly always called with either sep[0] == 0 or sep[1] == 0. */
sep_len = STRLEN (sep);
result_size = 0;
if (l)
{
/* The expansion of TEMP returned something. We need to treat things
- slightly differently if HASDOL is non-zero. */
- temp = string_list (l);
+ slightly differently if HASDOL is non-zero. If we have "$@", the
+ individual words have already been quoted. We need to turn them
+ into a string with the words separated by the first character of
+ $IFS without any additional quoting, so string_list_dollar_at won't
+ do the right thing. We use string_list_dollar_star instead. */
+ temp = (hasdol || l->next) ? string_list_dollar_star (l) : string_list (l);
+
/* If l->next is not null, we know that TEMP contained "$@", since that
is the only expansion that creates more than one word. */
- if ((hasdol && quoted) || l->next)
+ if (qdollaratp && ((hasdol && quoted) || l->next))
*qdollaratp = 1;
dispose_words (l);
}
else
p++;
}
+
+ FREE (mblen);
return (0);
case MATCH_BEG:
else
p--;
}
+
+ FREE (mblen);
return (0);
case MATCH_END:
return (0);
}
+ FREE (mblen);
return (0);
}
if (l)
{
/* The expansion of TEMP returned something. We need to treat things
- slightly differently if HASDOL is non-zero. */
- temp = string_list (l);
+ slightly differently if HASDOL is non-zero. If we have "$@", the
+ individual words have already been quoted. We need to turn them
+ into a string with the words separated by the first character of
+ $IFS without any additional quoting, so string_list_dollar_at won't
+ do the right thing. We use string_list_dollar_star instead. */
+ temp = (hasdol || l->next) ? string_list_dollar_star (l) : string_list (l);
+
/* If l->next is not null, we know that TEMP contained "$@", since that
is the only expansion that creates more than one word. */
- if ((hasdol && quoted) || l->next)
+ if (qdollaratp && ((hasdol && quoted) || l->next))
*qdollaratp = 1;
dispose_words (l);
}
-BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current
+BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current
THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash
PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR
# expansions -- bugs through bash-2.05b
${THIS_SH} ./dollar-star1.sub
+# tests for expansion of "$@" on rhs of things like ${param:+word}. Bugs
+# though bash-2.05b
+${THIS_SH} ./dollar-at1.sub
+
exit 0
--- /dev/null
+# first, let's start with the basics
+
+recho "$@"
+recho "$*"
+
+recho $@
+recho $*
+
+set a b
+
+recho "$*"
+
+# If IFS is null, the parameters are joined without separators
+IFS=''
+recho "$*"
+
+# If IFS is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces
+unset IFS
+recho "${*}"
+
+recho "$@"
+recho $@
+
+IFS='/'
+set bob 'tom dick harry' joe
+set $*
+recho $#
+recho $1
+recho $2
+recho $3
+
+set bob 'tom dick harry' joe
+set ${*}
+recho $#
+recho $1
+recho $2
+recho $3
+
+set bob 'tom dick harry' joe
+set $@
+recho $#
+recho $1
+recho $2
+recho $3
+
+set bob 'tom dick harry' joe
+set ${@}
+recho $#
+recho $1
+recho $2
+recho $3
+
+# according to POSIX.2, unquoted $* should expand to multiple words if
+# $IFS is null, just like unquoted $@
+IFS=''
+set bob 'tom dick harry' joe
+set $*
+recho $#
+recho $1
+recho $2
+recho $3
+
+set bob 'tom dick harry' joe
+set $@
+recho $#
+recho $1
+recho $2
+recho $3
+
+# if IFS is unset, the individual positional parameters are split on
+# " \t\n" if $* or $@ are unquoted
+unset IFS
+set bob 'tom dick harry' joe
+set $*
+recho $#
+recho $1
+recho $2
+recho $3
+
+set bob 'tom dick harry' joe
+set $@
+recho $#
+recho $1
+recho $2
+recho $3
+
+# but not for "$@" or "$*"
+set bob 'tom dick harry' joe
+set "$*"
+recho $#
+recho $1
+recho $2
+recho $3
+
+set bob 'tom dick harry' joe
+set "$@"
+recho $#
+recho $1
+recho $2
+recho $3
+
+# POSIX.2 says these should both expand the positional parameters
+# to multiple words
+set a b c d e
+IFS=""
+recho $@
+recho "$@"
+
+# this example is straight from the POSIX.2 rationale
+set foo bar bam
+
+recho "$@"
+recho "$*"
+
+unset IFS
+
+recho "$@"
+recho $@
+recho "$*"
+
+IFS=:
+
+# special variables
+set -- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
+
+bar=${*}
+foo=$*
+echo foo = "$foo"
+echo bar = "$bar"
+
+foo1=$@
+bar1=${@}
+
+echo foo1 = "$foo1"
+echo bar1 = "$bar1"
+
+foo2="$*"
+bar2="${*}"
+
+echo foo2 = "$foo2"
+echo bar2 = "$bar2"
+
+eval foo3='$*' bar3='${*}'
+echo foo3 = "$foo3"
+echo bar3 = "$bar3"
+
+case $* in
+*\:*) echo ok 1;;
+*) echo bad 1;;
+esac
+
+case $@ in
+*\:*) echo bad 2;;
+*) echo ok 2;;
+esac
+
+case "$*" in
+*\:*) echo ok 3;;
+*) echo bad 3;;
+esac
+
+case "$@" in
+*\:*) echo bad 4;;
+*) echo ok 4;;
+esac
+
+IFS=$' \t\n'
+
+bar=${*}
+foo=$*
+echo foo = "$foo"
+echo bar = "$bar"
+
+foo1=$@
+bar1=${@}
+
+echo foo1 = "$foo1"
+echo bar1 = "$bar1"
+
+foo2="$*"
+bar2="${*}"
+
+echo foo2 = "$foo2"
+echo bar2 = "$bar2"
+
+eval foo3='$*' bar3='${*}'
+echo foo3 = "$foo3"
+echo bar3 = "$bar3"
+
+case $* in
+*\ *) echo ok 1;;
+*) echo bad 1;;
+esac
+
+case $@ in
+*\ *) echo ok 2;;
+*) echo bad 2;;
+esac
+
+case "$*" in
+*\ *) echo ok 3;;
+*) echo bad 3;;
+esac
+
+case "$@" in
+*\ *) echo ok 4;;
+*) echo bad 4;;
+esac
+
+# tests for special expansion of "$*" and "${array[*]}" when used with other
+# expansions -- bugs through bash-2.05b
+${THIS_SH} ./dollar-star1.sub
+
+exit 0
--- /dev/null
+echo_argc()
+{
+ echo $#
+}
+
+a()
+{
+ shift
+ echo_argc "$@"
+ echo_argc ${1:+"$@"}
+ echo_argc "${1:+$@}"
+ echo_argc 1 2 3
+}
+
+b()
+{
+ _IFS="$IFS"
+ IFS="$1"
+ shift
+ echo_argc "$@"
+ echo_argc ${1:+"$@"}
+ echo_argc "${1:+$@}"
+ echo_argc 1 2 3
+ IFS="$_IFS"
+}
+
+a "X" foo bar hoge
+
+b "X" foo bar hoge
--- /dev/null
+echo_argc()
+{
+ echo $#
+}
+
+a()
+{
+ shift
+ echo_argc "$@"
+ echo_argc ${1:+"$@"}
+ echo_argc "${1:+$@}"
+ echo_argc 1 2 3
+}
+
+b()
+{
+ _IFS="$IFS"
+ IFS="$1"
+ shift
+ echo_argc "$@"
+ echo_argc ${1:+"$@"}
+ echo_argc "${1:+$@}"
+ echo_argc 1 2 3
+ IFS="$_IFS"
+}
+
+#a "X" foo bar hoge
+#echo
+b "X" foo bar hoge
a|b|c
xa|xb|xc
xa|xb|xc
+3
+3
+3
+3
+3
+3
+3
+3
after exec1.sub without args: 0
./execscript: line 20: notthere: command not found
127
-notthere: notthere: No such file or directory
+/tmp/bash: notthere: No such file or directory
127
/bin/sh: /bin/sh: cannot execute binary file
126
-./execscript: line 32: /: is a directory
+./execscript: line 39: /: is a directory
126
/: /: cannot execute binary file
126
-./execscript: line 39: .: /: is a directory
+./execscript: line 46: .: /: is a directory
1
127
0
./exec3.sub: line 3: /tmp/bash-notthere: No such file or directory
./exec3.sub: line 3: exec: /tmp/bash-notthere: cannot execute: No such file or directory
126
-./execscript: line 61: notthere: No such file or directory
+./execscript: line 68: notthere: No such file or directory
127
-./execscript: line 64: notthere: No such file or directory
+./execscript: line 71: notthere: No such file or directory
127
-./execscript: line 67: notthere: No such file or directory
+./execscript: line 74: notthere: No such file or directory
127
this is sh
this is sh
--- /dev/null
+before exec1.sub: one two three
+calling exec1.sub
+aa bb cc dd ee
+after exec1.sub with args: 0
+
+after exec1.sub without args: 0
+./execscript: line 20: notthere: command not found
+127
+/tmp/bash: notthere: No such file or directory
+127
+/bin/sh: /bin/sh: cannot execute binary file
+126
+./execscript: line 38: /: is a directory
+126
+/: /: cannot execute binary file
+126
+./execscript: line 45: .: /: is a directory
+1
+127
+0
+this is bashenv
+./exec3.sub: line 3: /tmp/bash-notthere: No such file or directory
+./exec3.sub: line 3: exec: /tmp/bash-notthere: cannot execute: No such file or directory
+126
+./execscript: line 67: notthere: No such file or directory
+127
+./execscript: line 70: notthere: No such file or directory
+127
+./execscript: line 73: notthere: No such file or directory
+127
+this is sh
+this is sh
+unset
+ok
+5
+./exec5.sub: line 4: exec: bash-notthere: not found
+127
+this is ohio-state
+0
+1
+1
+0
+42
+42
+0
+1
+1
+0
+0
+1
+0
+1
+testb
echo $?
# this is iffy, since the error messages may vary from system to system
-${THIS_SH} notthere
+# and /tmp might not exist
+ln -s ${THIS_SH} /tmp/bash 2>/dev/null
+if [ -f /tmp/bash ]; then
+ /tmp/bash notthere
+else
+ ${THIS_SH} notthere
+fi
echo $?
+rm -f /tmp/bash
# /bin/sh should be there on all systems
${THIS_SH} /bin/sh
--- /dev/null
+export LC_ALL=C
+export LANG=C
+
+if [ $UID -eq 0 ]; then
+ echo "execscript: the test suite should not be run as root" >&2
+fi
+
+set -- one two three
+echo before exec1.sub: "$@"
+echo calling exec1.sub
+./exec1.sub aa bb cc dd ee
+echo after exec1.sub with args: $?
+./exec1.sub
+echo after exec1.sub without args: $?
+
+# set up a fixed path so we know notthere will not be found
+PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin:
+export PATH
+
+notthere
+echo $?
+
+# this is iffy, since the error messages may vary from system to system
+# and /tmp might not exist
+ln -s ${THIS_SH} /tmp/bash 2>/dev/null
+if [ -f /tmp/bash ]; then
+ /tmp/bash notthere
+else
+ ${THIS_SH} notthere
+fi
+echo $?
+
+# /bin/sh should be there on all systems
+${THIS_SH} /bin/sh
+echo $?
+
+# try executing a directory
+/
+echo $?
+
+${THIS_SH} /
+echo $?
+
+# try sourcing a directory
+. /
+echo $?
+
+# try sourcing a binary file -- post-2.04 versions don't do the binary file
+# check, and will probably fail with `command not found', or status 127
+. ${THIS_SH} 2>/dev/null
+echo $?
+
+# post-bash-2.05 versions allow sourcing non-regular files
+. /dev/null
+echo $?
+
+# kill two birds with one test -- test out the BASH_ENV code
+echo echo this is bashenv > /tmp/bashenv
+export BASH_ENV=/tmp/bashenv
+${THIS_SH} ./exec3.sub
+rm -f /tmp/bashenv
+unset BASH_ENV
+
+# we're resetting the $PATH to empty, so this should be last
+PATH=
+
+notthere
+echo $?
+
+command notthere
+echo $?
+
+command -p notthere
+echo $?
+
+# but -p should guarantee that we find all the standard utilities, even
+# with an empty or unset $PATH
+command -p sh -c 'echo this is $0'
+unset PATH
+command -p sh -c 'echo this is $0'
+
+# a bug in bash before bash-2.01 caused PATH to be set to the empty string
+# when command -p was run with PATH unset
+echo ${PATH-unset}
+
+echo "echo ok" | ${THIS_SH} -t
+
+${THIS_SH} ./exec2.sub
+echo $?
+
+${THIS_SH} ./exec4.sub
+
+# try exec'ing a command that cannot be found in $PATH
+${THIS_SH} ./exec5.sub
+
+# this was a bug in bash versions before bash-2.04
+${THIS_SH} -c 'cat </dev/null | cat >/dev/null' >&-
+
+# checks for proper return values in subshell commands with inverted return
+# values
+
+${THIS_SH} ./exec6.sub
+
+# checks for properly deciding what constitutes an executable file
+${THIS_SH} ./exec7.sub
We also need to add it back into the correct hash table. */
if (old_var && local_p (old_var) && variable_context == old_var->context)
{
+ /* Reset the attributes. Preserve the export attribute if the variable
+ came from a temporary environment. Make sure it stays local, and
+ make it invisible. */
+ old_var->attributes = (exported_p (old_var) && tempvar_p (old_var)) ? att_exported : 0;
+ VSETATTR (old_var, att_local);
VSETATTR (old_var, att_invisible);
FREE (value_cell (old_var));
var_setvalue (old_var, (char *)NULL);
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