_if__(_GENERIC__ || !_H8__)
* New Features:: New features since GDB version 3.5
_fi__(_GENERIC__ || !_H8__)
+_if__(!_BARE__)
* Sample Session:: A sample _GDBN__ session
+_fi__(!_BARE__)
* Invocation:: Getting in and out of _GDBN__
* Commands:: _GDBN__ commands
* Running:: Running programs under _GDBN__
effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
@end itemize
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
You can use _GDBN__ to debug programs written in C, C++, and Modula-2.
Fortran support will be added when a GNU Fortran compiler is ready.
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@menu
* Free Software:: Free Software
you have these freedoms and that you cannot take these freedoms away
from anyone else.
+_if__(!_AGGLOMERATION__)
For full details, @pxref{Copying, ,GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE}.
+_fi__(!_AGGLOMERATION__)
@node Contributors
@unnumberedsec Contributors to GDB
@end table
_fi__(_GENERIC__ || !_H8__)
+_if__(!_BARE__)
@node Sample Session
@chapter A Sample _GDBN__ Session
@smallexample
(_GDBP__) @b{quit}
_1__@end smallexample
+_fi__(!_BARE__)
@node Invocation
@chapter Getting In and Out of _GDBN__
If you just want to see the list of alternatives in the first place, you
can press @kbd{M-?} rather than pressing @key{TAB} twice. @kbd{M-?}
-means @kbd{@key{META} ?}. You can type this either by holding down a
+means @kbd{@key{META} ?}. You can type this
+_if__(_GENERIC__||!_DOSHOST__)
+either by holding down a
key designated as the @key{META} shift on your keyboard (if there is
-one) while typing @kbd{?}, or by typing @key{ESC} followed by @kbd{?}.
+one) while typing @kbd{?}, or
+_fi__(_GENERIC__||!_DOSHOST__)
+as @key{ESC} followed by @kbd{?}.
@cindex quotes in commands
@cindex completion of quoted strings
@end table
@menu
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
* Breakpoints:: Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Exceptions
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
+_if__(_CONLY__)
+* Breakpoints:: Breakpoints and Watchpoints
+_fi__(_CONLY__)
* Continuing and Stepping:: Resuming Execution
_if__(_GENERIC__ || !_H8__)
* Signals:: Signals
@end menu
@node Breakpoints
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
@section Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Exceptions
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
+_if__(_CONLY__)
+@section Breakpoints and Watchpoints
+_fi__(_CONLY__)
@cindex breakpoints
A @dfn{breakpoint} makes your program stop whenever a certain point in
You can set breakpoints with the @code{break} command and its variants
(@pxref{Set Breaks, ,Setting Breakpoints}), to specify the place where
your program should stop by line number, function name or exact address
-in the program. In languages with exception handling (such as GNU
-C++), you can also set breakpoints where an exception is raised
-(@pxref{Exception Handling, ,Breakpoints and Exceptions}).
+in the program.
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
+In languages with exception handling (such as GNU C++), you can also set
+breakpoints where an exception is raised (@pxref{Exception Handling,
+,Breakpoints and Exceptions}).
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@cindex watchpoints
@cindex memory tracing
@table @code
@item break @var{function}
-Set a breakpoint at entry to function @var{function}. When using source
-languages that permit overloading of symbols, such as C++,
-@var{function} may refer to more than one possible place to break.
+Set a breakpoint at entry to function @var{function}.
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
+When using source languages that permit overloading of symbols, such as
+C++, @var{function} may refer to more than one possible place to break.
@xref{Breakpoint Menus}, for a discussion of that situation.
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@item break +@var{offset}
@itemx break -@var{offset}
just like the breakpoints set with the @code{break} command. They can
be deleted, disabled, made conditional, etc., in the standard ways.
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
When debugging C++ programs, @code{rbreak} is useful for setting
breakpoints on overloaded functions that are not members of any special
classes.
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@kindex info breakpoints
@cindex @code{$_} and @code{info breakpoints}
(_GDBP__) p 'f2.c'::x
@end example
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
@cindex C++ scope resolution
This use of @samp{::} is very rarely in conflict with the very similar
use of the same notation in C++. _GDBN__ also supports use of the C++
scope resolution operator in _GDBN__ expressions.
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@cindex wrong values
@cindex variable values, wrong
@node C
@subsection C and C++
-_fi__(!_CONLY__)
-_if__(_CONLY__)
-@node C
-@chapter C and C++
-_fi__(_CONLY__)
@cindex C and C++
-
@cindex expressions in C or C++
+
Since C and C++ are so closely related, many features of _GDBN__ apply
to both languages. Whenever this is the case, we discuss both languages
together.
compiler and _GDBN__. Therefore, to debug your C++ code effectively,
you must compile your C++ programs with the GNU C++ compiler,
@code{g++}.
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
+_if__(_CONLY__)
+@node C
+@chapter C Language Support
+@cindex C language
+@cindex expressions in C
+
+Information specific to the C language is built into _GDBN__ so that you
+can use C expressions while degugging. This also permits _GDBN__ to
+output values in a manner consistent with C conventions.
@menu
+* C Operators:: C Operators
+* C Constants:: C Constants
+* Debugging C:: _GDBN__ and C
+@end menu
+_fi__(_CONLY__)
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
+@menu
* C Operators:: C and C++ Operators
* C Constants:: C and C++ Constants
* Cplusplus expressions:: C++ Expressions
-_if__(!_CONLY__)
* C Defaults:: Default settings for C and C++
-_fi__(!_CONLY__)
* C Checks:: C and C++ Type and Range Checks
* Debugging C:: _GDBN__ and C
* Debugging C plus plus:: Special features for C++
@end menu
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
@cindex C and C++ operators
@node C Operators
-_if__(!_CONLY__)
@subsubsection C and C++ Operators
_fi__(!_CONLY__)
_if__(_CONLY__)
-@section C and C++ Operators
+@cindex C operators
+@node C Operators
+@section C Operators
_fi__(_CONLY__)
Operators must be defined on values of specific types. For instance,
@code{+} is defined on numbers, but not on structures. Operators are
-often defined on groups of types. For the purposes of C and C++, the
-following definitions hold:
+often defined on groups of types.
+
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
+For the purposes of C and C++, the following definitions hold:
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@itemize @bullet
@item
and non-zero for true.
@item <<@r{, }>>
-left shift, and right shift. Defined on integral types.
+left shift, and right shift. Defined on integral types._1__
@item @@
The _GDBN__ ``artificial array'' operator (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}).
@item &
Address operator. Defined on variables. Same precedence as @code{++}.
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
For debugging C++, _GDBN__ implements a use of @samp{&} beyond what's
allowed in the C++ language itself: you can use @samp{&(&@var{ref})}
(or, if you prefer, simply @samp{&&@var{ref}} to examine the address
where a C++ reference variable (declared with @samp{&@var{ref}}) is
stored.
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@item -
Negative. Defined on integral and floating-point types. Same
Bitwise complement operator. Defined on integral types. Same precedence as
@code{++}.
+_0__
@item .@r{, }->
Structure member, and pointer-to-structure member. For convenience,
_GDBN__ regards the two as equivalent, choosing whether to dereference a
@code{*(@var{a}+@var{i})}. Same precedence as @code{->}.
@item ()
-Function parameter list. Same precedence as @code{->}.
+Function parameter list. Same precedence as @code{->}._1__
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
@item ::
C++ scope resolution operator. Defined on
@code{struct}, @code{union}, and @code{class} types.
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@item ::
-The _GDBN__ scope operator (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}). Same precedence as
-@code{::}, above._1__
+The _GDBN__ scope operator (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}).
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
+Same precedence as @code{::}, above.
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@end table
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
@cindex C and C++ constants
@node C Constants
-_if__(!_CONLY__)
@subsubsection C and C++ Constants
+
+_GDBN__ allows you to express the constants of C and C++ in the
+following ways:
_fi__(!_CONLY__)
_if__(_CONLY__)
-@section C and C++ Constants
-_fi__(_CONLY__)
+@cindex C constants
+@node C Constants
+@section C Constants
-_GDBN__ allows you to express the constants of C and C++ in the
+_GDBN__ allows you to express the constants of C in the
following ways:
+_fi__(_CONLY__)
@itemize @bullet
@item
Pointer constants are an integral value.
@end itemize
-@node Cplusplus expressions
_if__(!_CONLY__)
+@node Cplusplus expressions
@subsubsection C++ Expressions
-_fi__(!_CONLY__)
-_if__(_CONLY__)
-@section C++ Expressions
-_fi__(_CONLY__)
@cindex expressions in C++
_GDBN__'s expression handling has a number of extensions to
debugging (@pxref{Variables, ,Program Variables}).
@end enumerate
-_if__(!_CONLY__)
@node C Defaults
@subsubsection C and C++ Defaults
@cindex C and C++ defaults
whose name ends with @file{.c}, @file{.C}, or @file{.cc}.
@xref{Automatically, ,Having _GDBN__ infer the source language}, for
further details.
-_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@node C Checks
-_if__(!_CONLY__)
@subsubsection C and C++ Type and Range Checks
-_fi__(!_CONLY__)
-_if__(_CONLY__)
-@section C and C++ Type and Range Checks
-_fi__(_CONLY__)
@cindex C and C++ checks
@quotation
Range checking, if turned on, is done on mathematical operations. Array
indices are not checked, since they are often used to index a pointer
that is not itself an array.
+_fi__(!_CONLY__)
@node Debugging C
_if__(!_CONLY__)
The @code{@@} operator aids in the debugging of dynamic arrays, formed
with pointers and a memory allocation function. (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions})
+_if__(!_CONLY__)
@node Debugging C plus plus
_if__(!_CONLY__)
@subsubsection _GDBN__ Features for C++
@xref{Completion,, Command Completion}, for details on how to do this.
@end table
-_if__(!_CONLY__)
@node Modula-2
@subsection Modula-2
@cindex Modula-2
@item set write on
@itemx set write off
@kindex set write
-If you specify @samp{set write on}, _GDBN__ will open executable and
-core files for both reading and writing; if you specify @samp{set write
+If you specify @samp{set write on}, _GDBN__ will open executable
+_if__(!_BARE__)
+and core
+_fi__(!_BARE__)
+files for both reading and writing; if you specify @samp{set write
off} (the default), _GDBN__ will open them read-only.
If you have already loaded a file, you must load it
@item show write
@kindex show write
-Display whether executable files and core files will be opened for
-writing as well as reading.
+Display whether executable files
+_if__(!_BARE__)
+and core files
+_fi__(!_BARE__)
+will be opened for writing as well as reading.
@end table
@node _GDBN__ Files
@node Files
@section Commands to Specify Files
-@cindex core dump file
@cindex symbol table
_if__(!_BARE__)
+@cindex core dump file
The usual way to specify executable and core dump file names is with
the command arguments given when you start _GDBN__, (@pxref{Invocation,
,Getting In and Out of _GDBN__}.
@code{load} will not repeat if you press @key{RET} again after using it.
+_if__(!_BARE__)
@item add-symbol-file @var{filename} @var{address}
@itemx add-symbol-file @var{filename} @var{address} @r{[} -readnow @r{]} @r{[} -mapped @r{]}
@kindex add-symbol-file
You can use the @samp{-mapped} and @samp{-readnow} options just as with
the @code{symbol-file} command, to change how _GDBN__ manages the symbol
-tabl einformation for @var{filename}.
+table information for @var{filename}.
+_fi__(!_BARE__)
@item info files
@itemx info target
@kindex target
A @dfn{target} is the execution environment occupied by your program.
+_if__(!_BARE__)
Often, _GDBN__ runs in the same host environment as your program; in
that case, the debugging target is specified as a side effect when you
use the @code{file} or @code{core} commands. When you need more
flexibility---for example, running _GDBN__ on a physically separate
host, or controlling a standalone system over a serial port or a
-realtime system over a TCP/IP connection---you can use the @code{target}
-command to specify one of the target types configured for _GDBN__
-(@pxref{Target Commands, ,Commands for Managing Targets}).
+realtime system over a TCP/IP connection---you
+_fi__(!_BARE__)
+_if__(_BARE__)
+You
+_fi__(_BARE__)
+can use the @code{target} command to specify one of the target types
+configured for _GDBN__ (@pxref{Target Commands, ,Commands for Managing
+Targets}).
@menu
* Active Targets:: Active Targets
@cindex active targets
@cindex multiple targets
+_if__(!_BARE__)
There are three classes of targets: processes, core files, and
executable files. _GDBN__ can work concurrently on up to three active
targets, one in each class. This allows you to (for example) start a
are complementary, since core files contain only a program's
read-write memory---variables and so on---plus machine status, while
executable files contain only the program text and initialized data.)
+_fi__(!_BARE__)
When you type @code{run}, your executable file becomes an active process
target as well. When a process target is active, all _GDBN__ commands
-requesting memory addresses refer to that target; addresses in an active
-core file or executable file target are obscured while the process
+requesting memory addresses refer to that target; addresses in an
+_if__(!_BARE__)
+active core file or
+_fi__(!_BARE__)
+executable file target are obscured while the process
target is active.
_if__(_BARE__)
A core dump file. @samp{target core @var{filename}} is the same as
@samp{core-file @var{filename}}.
+_if__(_REMOTESTUB__)
@item target remote @var{dev}
@kindex target remote
Remote serial target in GDB-specific protocol. The argument @var{dev}
specifies what serial device to use for the connection (e.g.
@file{/dev/ttya}). @xref{Remote, ,Remote Debugging}.
+_fi__(_REMOTESTUB__)
_if__(_AMD29K__)
@item target amd-eb @var{dev} @var{speed} @var{PROG}
@itemize @bullet
@item
-@cindex Fatal Signal
-@cindex Core Dump
+@cindex fatal signal
+@cindex core dump
If the debugger gets a fatal signal, for any input whatever, that is a
_GDBN__ bug. Reliable debuggers never crash.
@item
-@cindex error on Valid Input
+@cindex error on valid input
If _GDBN__ produces an error message for valid input, that is a bug.
@item
@node Bug Reporting
@section How to Report Bugs
-@cindex Bug Reports
-@cindex _GDBN__ Bugs, Reporting
+@cindex bug reports
+@cindex _GDBN__ bugs, reporting
A number of companies and individuals offer support for GNU products.
If you obtained _GDBN__ from a support organization, we recommend you
@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL
_fi__(_GENERIC__||!_H8__)
+_if__(!_PRECONFIGURED__)
@node Formatting Documentation
@appendix Formatting the Documentation
@code{configure} accepts other options, for compatibility with
configuring other GNU tools recursively; but these are the only
options that affect GDB or its supporting libraries.
+_fi__(!_PRECONFIGURED__)
+_if__(!_AGGLOMERATION__)
@node Copying
@unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
@center Version 2, June 1991
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.
+_fi__(!_AGGLOMERATION__)
@node Index
@unnumbered Index
projects / external / binutils.git / commitdiff