mpeg2enc: A simple MPEG-2 encoder based on VA-API
authorXiang, Haihao <haihao.xiang@intel.com>
Fri, 19 Oct 2012 02:56:09 +0000 (10:56 +0800)
committerXiang, Haihao <haihao.xiang@intel.com>
Fri, 7 Dec 2012 08:05:34 +0000 (16:05 +0800)
Support I frame firstly

Signed-off-by: Xiang, Haihao <haihao.xiang@intel.com>
test/encode/Makefile.am
test/encode/mpeg2enc.c [new file with mode: 0644]

index 2d4cc81..f86901f 100644 (file)
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 # TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 # SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
-bin_PROGRAMS = avcenc
+bin_PROGRAMS = avcenc mpeg2enc
 if USE_X11
 bin_PROGRAMS += h264encode
 endif
@@ -44,6 +44,13 @@ avcenc_LDADD         = \
        $(top_builddir)/test/common/libva-display.la \
        -lpthread
 
+mpeg2enc_SOURCES       = mpeg2enc.c
+mpeg2enc_CFLAGS                = -I$(top_srcdir)/test/common
+mpeg2enc_LDADD         = \
+       $(top_builddir)/va/libva.la \
+       $(top_builddir)/test/common/libva-display.la \
+       -lpthread
+
 EXTRA_DIST = h264encode_common.c
 
 valgrind:      $(bin_PROGRAMS)
diff --git a/test/encode/mpeg2enc.c b/test/encode/mpeg2enc.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..783d49f
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1297 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ * distribute, sub license, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the
+ * next paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+ * of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+ * OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL PRECISION INSIGHT AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+ * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+ * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+/*
+ * Simple MPEG-2 encoder based on libVA.
+ *
+ */  
+
+#include "sysdeps.h"
+
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#include <va/va.h>
+#include <va/va_enc_mpeg2.h>
+
+#include "va_display.h"
+
+#define START_CODE_PICUTRE      0x00000100
+#define START_CODE_SLICE        0x00000101
+#define START_CODE_USER         0x000001B2
+#define START_CODE_SEQ          0x000001B3
+#define START_CODE_EXT          0x000001B5
+#define START_CODE_GOP          0x000001B8
+
+#define CHROMA_FORMAT_RESERVED  0
+#define CHROMA_FORMAT_420       1
+#define CHROMA_FORMAT_422       2
+#define CHROMA_FORMAT_444       3
+
+#define MAX_SLICES              128
+
+#define CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, func)                                 \
+    if (va_status != VA_STATUS_SUCCESS) {                               \
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s:%s (%d) failed, exit\n", __func__, func, __LINE__); \
+        exit(1);                                                        \
+    }
+
+#define INTRA_PERIOD            30
+
+static int const picture_type_patter[][2] = {{VAEncPictureTypeIntra, 1}, 
+                                             {VAEncPictureTypePredictive, 3}, {VAEncPictureTypePredictive, 3},{VAEncPictureTypePredictive, 3},
+                                             {VAEncPictureTypePredictive, 3}, {VAEncPictureTypePredictive, 3},{VAEncPictureTypePredictive, 3},
+                                             {VAEncPictureTypePredictive, 3}, {VAEncPictureTypePredictive, 3},{VAEncPictureTypePredictive, 3},
+                                             {VAEncPictureTypePredictive, 2}};
+
+struct mpeg2enc_context {
+    /* args */
+    int rate_control_mode;
+    int fps;
+    int width;
+    int height;
+    int frame_size;
+    int num_pictures;
+    int qp;
+    FILE *ifp;
+    FILE *ofp;
+    unsigned char *frame_data_buffer;
+    int intra_period;
+    int bit_rate; /* in kbps */
+
+    /* VA resource */
+    VADisplay va_dpy;
+    VAEncSequenceParameterBufferMPEG2 seq_param;
+    VAEncPictureParameterBufferMPEG2 pic_param;
+    VAEncSliceParameterBufferMPEG2 slice_param[MAX_SLICES];
+    VAContextID context_id;
+    VAConfigID config_id;
+    VABufferID seq_param_buf_id;                /* Sequence level parameter */
+    VABufferID pic_param_buf_id;                /* Picture level parameter */
+    VABufferID slice_param_buf_id[MAX_SLICES];  /* Slice level parameter, multil slices */
+    VABufferID codedbuf_buf_id;                 /* Output buffer, compressed data */
+    VABufferID packed_seq_header_param_buf_id;
+    VABufferID packed_seq_buf_id;
+    VABufferID packed_pic_header_param_buf_id;
+    VABufferID packed_pic_buf_id;
+    int num_slices;
+    int codedbuf_i_size;
+    int codedbuf_pb_size;
+
+    /* thread */
+    pthread_t upload_thread_id;
+    int upload_thread_value;
+    int current_input_surface;
+    int current_upload_surface;
+};
+
+/*
+ * mpeg2enc helpers
+ */
+#define BITSTREAM_ALLOCATE_STEPPING     4096
+
+struct __bitstream {
+    unsigned int *buffer;
+    int bit_offset;
+    int max_size_in_dword;
+};
+
+typedef struct __bitstream bitstream;
+
+static unsigned int 
+swap32(unsigned int val)
+{
+    unsigned char *pval = (unsigned char *)&val;
+
+    return ((pval[0] << 24)     |
+            (pval[1] << 16)     |
+            (pval[2] << 8)      |
+            (pval[3] << 0));
+}
+
+static void
+bitstream_start(bitstream *bs)
+{
+    bs->max_size_in_dword = BITSTREAM_ALLOCATE_STEPPING;
+    bs->buffer = calloc(bs->max_size_in_dword * sizeof(int), 1);
+    bs->bit_offset = 0;
+}
+
+static void
+bitstream_end(bitstream *bs)
+{
+    int pos = (bs->bit_offset >> 5);
+    int bit_offset = (bs->bit_offset & 0x1f);
+    int bit_left = 32 - bit_offset;
+
+    if (bit_offset) {
+        bs->buffer[pos] = swap32((bs->buffer[pos] << bit_left));
+    }
+}
+static void
+bitstream_put_ui(bitstream *bs, unsigned int val, int size_in_bits)
+{
+    int pos = (bs->bit_offset >> 5);
+    int bit_offset = (bs->bit_offset & 0x1f);
+    int bit_left = 32 - bit_offset;
+
+    if (!size_in_bits)
+        return;
+
+    if (size_in_bits < 32)
+        val &= ((1 << size_in_bits) - 1);
+
+    bs->bit_offset += size_in_bits;
+
+    if (bit_left > size_in_bits) {
+        bs->buffer[pos] = (bs->buffer[pos] << size_in_bits | val);
+    } else {
+        size_in_bits -= bit_left;
+        bs->buffer[pos] = (bs->buffer[pos] << bit_left) | (val >> size_in_bits);
+        bs->buffer[pos] = swap32(bs->buffer[pos]);
+
+        if (pos + 1 == bs->max_size_in_dword) {
+            bs->max_size_in_dword += BITSTREAM_ALLOCATE_STEPPING;
+            bs->buffer = realloc(bs->buffer, bs->max_size_in_dword * sizeof(unsigned int));
+        }
+
+        bs->buffer[pos + 1] = val;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+bitstream_byte_aligning(bitstream *bs, int bit)
+{
+    int bit_offset = (bs->bit_offset & 0x7);
+    int bit_left = 8 - bit_offset;
+    int new_val;
+
+    if (!bit_offset)
+        return;
+
+    assert(bit == 0 || bit == 1);
+
+    if (bit)
+        new_val = (1 << bit_left) - 1;
+    else
+        new_val = 0;
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, new_val, bit_left);
+}
+
+static struct mpeg2_frame_rate {
+    int code;
+    float value;
+} frame_rate_tab[] = {
+    {1, 23.976},
+    {2, 24.0},
+    {3, 25.0},
+    {4, 29.97},
+    {5, 30},
+    {6, 50},
+    {7, 59.94},
+    {8, 60}
+};
+
+static int
+find_frame_rate_code(const VAEncSequenceParameterBufferMPEG2 *seq_param)
+{
+    unsigned int delta = -1;
+    int code = 1, i;
+    float frame_rate_value = seq_param->frame_rate * 
+        (seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.frame_rate_extension_d + 1) / 
+        (seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.frame_rate_extension_n + 1);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(frame_rate_tab) / sizeof(frame_rate_tab[0]); i++) {
+
+        if (abs(1000 * frame_rate_tab[i].value - 1000 * frame_rate_value) < delta) {
+            code = frame_rate_tab[i].code;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return code;
+}
+
+static void 
+sps_rbsp(const VAEncSequenceParameterBufferMPEG2 *seq_param,
+         bitstream *bs)
+{
+    int frame_rate_code = find_frame_rate_code(seq_param);
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, START_CODE_SEQ, 32);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->picture_width, 12);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->picture_height, 12);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->aspect_ratio_information, 4);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, frame_rate_code, 4); /* frame_rate_code */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, (seq_param->bits_per_second + 399) / 400, 18); /* the low 18 bits of bit_rate */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 1); /* marker_bit */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->vbv_buffer_size, 10);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* constraint_parameter_flag, always 0 for MPEG-2 */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* load_intra_quantiser_matrix */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* load_non_intra_quantiser_matrix */
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, START_CODE_EXT, 32);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 4); /* sequence_extension id */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.profile_and_level_indication, 8);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.progressive_sequence, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.chroma_format, 2);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->picture_width >> 12, 2);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->picture_height >> 12, 2);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, ((seq_param->bits_per_second + 399) / 400) >> 18, 12); /* bit_rate_extension */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 1, 1); /* marker_bit */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->vbv_buffer_size >> 10, 8);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.low_delay, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.frame_rate_extension_n, 2);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.frame_rate_extension_d, 5);
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, START_CODE_GOP, 32);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->gop_header.bits.time_code, 25);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->gop_header.bits.closed_gop, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, seq_param->gop_header.bits.broken_link, 1);
+}
+
+static void 
+pps_rbsp(const VAEncSequenceParameterBufferMPEG2 *seq_param,
+         const VAEncPictureParameterBufferMPEG2 *pic_param,
+         bitstream *bs)
+{
+    int i;
+    int chroma_420_type;
+
+    if (seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.chroma_format == CHROMA_FORMAT_420)
+        chroma_420_type = pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.progressive_frame;
+    else
+        chroma_420_type = 0;
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, START_CODE_PICUTRE, 32);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->temporal_reference, 10);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs,
+                     pic_param->picture_type == VAEncPictureTypeIntra ? 1 :
+                     pic_param->picture_type == VAEncPictureTypePredictive ? 2 : 3,
+                     3);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0xFFFF, 16); /* vbv_delay, always 0xFFFF */
+    
+    if (pic_param->picture_type == VAEncPictureTypePredictive) {
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* full_pel_forward_vector, always 0 for MPEG-2 */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 7, 3); /* forward_f_code, always 7 for MPEG-2 */
+    }
+
+    if (pic_param->picture_type == VAEncPictureTypeBidirectional) {
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* full_pel_backward_vector, always 0 for MPEG-2 */
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, 7, 3); /* backward_f_code, always 7 for MPEG-2 */
+    }
+     
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 0, 1); /* extra_bit_picture, 0 */
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, START_CODE_EXT, 32);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, 8, 4); /* Picture Coding Extension ID: 8 */
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->f_code[0][0], 4);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->f_code[0][1], 4);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->f_code[1][0], 4);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->f_code[1][1], 4);
+
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.intra_dc_precision, 2);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.picture_structure, 2);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.top_field_first, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.frame_pred_frame_dct, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.concealment_motion_vectors, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.q_scale_type, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.intra_vlc_format, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.alternate_scan, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.repeat_first_field, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, chroma_420_type, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.progressive_frame, 1);
+    bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.composite_display_flag, 1);
+
+    if (pic_param->user_data_length) {
+        bitstream_put_ui(bs, START_CODE_USER, 32);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < pic_param->user_data_length; i++) {
+            bitstream_put_ui(bs, pic_param->user_data[i], 8);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+build_packed_pic_buffer(const VAEncSequenceParameterBufferMPEG2 *seq_param,
+                        const VAEncPictureParameterBufferMPEG2 *pic_param,
+                        unsigned char **header_buffer)
+{
+    bitstream bs;
+
+    bitstream_start(&bs);
+    pps_rbsp(seq_param, pic_param, &bs);
+    bitstream_end(&bs);
+
+    *header_buffer = (unsigned char *)bs.buffer;
+    return bs.bit_offset;
+}
+
+static int
+build_packed_seq_buffer(const VAEncSequenceParameterBufferMPEG2 *seq_param,
+                        unsigned char **header_buffer)
+{
+    bitstream bs;
+
+    bitstream_start(&bs);
+    sps_rbsp(seq_param, &bs);
+    bitstream_end(&bs);
+
+    *header_buffer = (unsigned char *)bs.buffer;
+    return bs.bit_offset;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mpeg2enc
+ */
+#define SID_INPUT_PICTURE_0                     0
+#define SID_INPUT_PICTURE_1                     1
+#define SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L0                2
+#define SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L1                3
+#define SID_RECON_PICTURE                       4
+#define SID_NUMBER                              SID_RECON_PICTURE + 1
+
+static VASurfaceID surface_ids[SID_NUMBER];
+
+/*
+ * upload thread function
+ */
+static void *
+upload_yuv_to_surface(void *data)
+{
+    struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx = data;
+    VAImage surface_image;
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    void *surface_p = NULL;
+    unsigned char *y_src, *u_src, *v_src;
+    unsigned char *y_dst, *u_dst, *v_dst;
+    int y_size = ctx->width * ctx->height;
+    int u_size = (ctx->width >> 1) * (ctx->height >> 1);
+    int row, col;
+    size_t n_items;
+
+    do {
+        n_items = fread(ctx->frame_data_buffer, ctx->frame_size, 1, ctx->ifp);
+    } while (n_items != 1);
+
+    va_status = vaDeriveImage(ctx->va_dpy, surface_ids[ctx->current_upload_surface], &surface_image);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaDeriveImage");
+
+    vaMapBuffer(ctx->va_dpy, surface_image.buf, &surface_p);
+    assert(VA_STATUS_SUCCESS == va_status);
+        
+    y_src = ctx->frame_data_buffer;
+    u_src = ctx->frame_data_buffer + y_size; /* UV offset for NV12 */
+    v_src = ctx->frame_data_buffer + y_size + u_size;
+
+    y_dst = surface_p + surface_image.offsets[0];
+    u_dst = surface_p + surface_image.offsets[1]; /* UV offset for NV12 */
+    v_dst = surface_p + surface_image.offsets[2];
+
+    /* Y plane */
+    for (row = 0; row < surface_image.height; row++) {
+        memcpy(y_dst, y_src, surface_image.width);
+        y_dst += surface_image.pitches[0];
+        y_src += ctx->width;
+    }
+
+    if (surface_image.format.fourcc == VA_FOURCC_NV12) { /* UV plane */
+        for (row = 0; row < surface_image.height / 2; row++) {
+            for (col = 0; col < surface_image.width / 2; col++) {
+                u_dst[col * 2] = u_src[col];
+                u_dst[col * 2 + 1] = v_src[col];
+            }
+
+            u_dst += surface_image.pitches[1];
+            u_src += (ctx->width / 2);
+            v_src += (ctx->width / 2);
+        }
+    } else {
+        for (row = 0; row < surface_image.height / 2; row++) {
+            for (col = 0; col < surface_image.width / 2; col++) {
+                u_dst[col] = u_src[col];
+                v_dst[col] = v_src[col];
+            }
+
+            u_dst += surface_image.pitches[1];
+            v_dst += surface_image.pitches[2];
+            u_src += (ctx->width / 2);
+            v_src += (ctx->width / 2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    vaUnmapBuffer(ctx->va_dpy, surface_image.buf);
+    vaDestroyImage(ctx->va_dpy, surface_image.image_id);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void 
+mpeg2enc_exit(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx, int exit_code)
+{
+    if (ctx->frame_data_buffer) {
+        free(ctx->frame_data_buffer);
+        ctx->frame_data_buffer = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->ifp) {
+        fclose(ctx->ifp);
+        ctx->ifp = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->ofp) {
+        fclose(ctx->ofp);
+        ctx->ofp = NULL;
+    }
+
+    exit(exit_code);
+}
+
+static void 
+usage(char *program)
+{   
+    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s --help\n", program);
+    fprintf(stderr, "\t--help   print this message\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <width> <height> <ifile> <ofile> [options]\n", program);
+    fprintf(stderr, "\t<width>  specifies the frame width\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "\t<height> specifies the frame height\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "\t<ifile>  specifies the I420/IYUV YUV file\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "\t<ofile>  specifies the encoded MPEG-2 file\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "where options include:\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "\t--cqp <QP>       const qp mode with specified <QP>\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "\t--fps <FPS>      specify the frame rate\n");
+}
+
+static void 
+parse_args(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx, int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    int c, tmp, i = 0;
+    int option_index = 0;
+    long file_size;
+    static struct option long_options[] = {
+        {"help",        no_argument,            0,      'h'},
+        {"cqp",         required_argument,      0,      'c'},
+        {"fps",         required_argument,      0,      'f'},
+        { NULL,         0,                      NULL,   0 }
+    };
+
+    if ((argc == 2 && strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) ||
+        (argc < 5))
+        goto print_usage;
+
+    ctx->width = atoi(argv[1]);
+    ctx->height = atoi(argv[2]);
+
+    if (ctx->width <= 0 || ctx->height <= 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "<width> and <height> must be greater than 0\n");
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+
+    ctx->ifp = fopen(argv[3], "rb");
+
+    if (ctx->ifp == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Can't open the input file\n");
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+
+    fseek(ctx->ifp, 0l, SEEK_END);
+    file_size = ftell(ctx->ifp);
+    ctx->frame_size = ctx->width * ctx->height * 3 / 2;
+
+    if ((file_size < ctx->frame_size) ||
+        (file_size % ctx->frame_size)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "The input file size %ld isn't a multiple of the frame size %d\n", file_size, ctx->frame_size);
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+
+    ctx->num_pictures = file_size / ctx->frame_size;
+    fseek(ctx->ifp, 0l, SEEK_SET);
+    
+    ctx->ofp = fopen(argv[4], "wb");
+    
+    if (ctx->ofp == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Can't create the output file\n");
+        goto err_exit;
+    }
+
+    opterr = 0;
+    ctx->fps = 30;
+    ctx->qp = 28;
+    ctx->rate_control_mode = VA_RC_CQP;
+
+    optind = 5;
+
+    while((c = getopt_long(argc, argv,
+                           "",
+                           long_options, 
+                           &option_index)) != -1) {
+        switch(c) {
+        case 'c':
+            tmp = atoi(optarg);
+
+            /* only support q_scale_type = 0 */
+            if (tmp > 62 || tmp < 2) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "Warning: QP must be in [2, 62]\n");
+
+                if (tmp > 62)
+                    tmp = 62;
+
+                if (tmp < 2)
+                    tmp = 2;
+            }
+
+            ctx->qp = tmp & 0xFE;
+            ctx->rate_control_mode = VA_RC_CQP;
+
+            break;
+
+        case 'f':
+            tmp = atoi(optarg);
+
+            if (tmp <= 0)
+                fprintf(stderr, "Warning: FPS must be greater than 0\n");
+            else
+                ctx->fps = tmp;
+
+            ctx->rate_control_mode = VA_RC_CBR;
+
+            break;
+
+        case '?':
+            fprintf(stderr, "Error: unkown command options\n");
+
+        case 'h':
+            goto print_usage;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return;
+
+print_usage:    
+    usage(argv[0]);
+err_exit:
+    mpeg2enc_exit(ctx, 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * init
+ */
+static void
+mpeg2enc_init_sequence_parameter(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx,
+                                VAEncSequenceParameterBufferMPEG2 *seq_param)
+{
+    seq_param->intra_period = ctx->intra_period;
+    seq_param->ip_period = 0;   /* FIXME: ??? */
+    seq_param->picture_width = ctx->width;
+    seq_param->picture_height = ctx->height;
+
+    if (ctx->bit_rate > 0)
+        seq_param->bits_per_second = 1024 * ctx->bit_rate; /* use kbps as input */
+    else
+        seq_param->bits_per_second = 0x3FFFF * 400;
+
+    seq_param->frame_rate = ctx->fps;
+    seq_param->aspect_ratio_information = 1;
+    seq_param->vbv_buffer_size = 0x10000;
+
+    seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.profile_and_level_indication = 4 << 4 | 0x8; /* FIXME: Main/Main ??? */
+    seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.progressive_sequence = 1; /* progressive frame-pictures */
+    seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.chroma_format = CHROMA_FORMAT_420; /* 4:2:0 */
+    seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.low_delay = 0; /* FIXME */
+    seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.frame_rate_extension_n = 0;
+    seq_param->sequence_extension.bits.frame_rate_extension_d = 0;
+
+    seq_param->gop_header.bits.time_code = (1 << 12); /* bit12: marker_bit */
+    seq_param->gop_header.bits.closed_gop = 0;
+    seq_param->gop_header.bits.broken_link = 0;    
+}
+
+static void
+mpeg2enc_init_picture_parameter(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx,
+                               VAEncPictureParameterBufferMPEG2 *pic_param)
+{
+    pic_param->forward_reference_picture = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    pic_param->backward_reference_picture = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    pic_param->reconstructed_picture = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    pic_param->coded_buf = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    pic_param->picture_type = VAEncPictureTypeIntra;
+
+    pic_param->temporal_reference = 0;
+    pic_param->f_code[0][0] = 1;
+    pic_param->f_code[0][1] = 1;
+    pic_param->f_code[1][0] = 1;
+    pic_param->f_code[1][1] = 1;
+
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.intra_dc_precision = 0; /* 8bits */
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.picture_structure = 3; /* frame picture */
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.top_field_first = 1; 
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.frame_pred_frame_dct = 1; /* FIXME */
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.concealment_motion_vectors = 0;
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.q_scale_type = 0;
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.intra_vlc_format = 0;
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.alternate_scan = 0;
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.repeat_first_field = 0;
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.progressive_frame = 1;
+    pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.composite_display_flag = 0;
+
+    pic_param->user_data_length = 0;
+}
+
+static void 
+mpeg2enc_alloc_va_resources(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx)
+{
+    VAEntrypoint *entrypoint_list;
+    VAConfigAttrib attrib_list[2];
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    int max_entrypoints, num_entrypoints, entrypoint;
+    int major_ver, minor_ver;
+
+    ctx->va_dpy = va_open_display();
+    va_status = vaInitialize(ctx->va_dpy,
+                             &major_ver,
+                             &minor_ver);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaInitialize");
+
+    max_entrypoints = vaMaxNumEntrypoints(ctx->va_dpy);
+    entrypoint_list = malloc(max_entrypoints * sizeof(VAEntrypoint));
+    vaQueryConfigEntrypoints(ctx->va_dpy,
+                             VAProfileMPEG2Simple,
+                             entrypoint_list,
+                             &num_entrypoints);
+
+    for        (entrypoint = 0; entrypoint < num_entrypoints; entrypoint++) {
+        if (entrypoint_list[entrypoint] == VAEntrypointEncSlice)
+            break;
+    }
+
+    free(entrypoint_list);
+
+    if (entrypoint == num_entrypoints) {
+        /* not find Slice entry point */
+        assert(0);
+    }
+
+    /* find out the format for the render target, and rate control mode */
+    attrib_list[0].type = VAConfigAttribRTFormat;
+    attrib_list[1].type = VAConfigAttribRateControl;
+    vaGetConfigAttributes(ctx->va_dpy,
+                          VAProfileMPEG2Simple,
+                          VAEntrypointEncSlice,
+                          &attrib_list[0],
+                          2);
+
+    if ((attrib_list[0].value & VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420) == 0) {
+        /* not find desired YUV420 RT format */
+        assert(0);
+    }
+
+    if ((attrib_list[1].value & ctx->rate_control_mode) == 0) {
+        /* Can't find matched RC mode */
+        fprintf(stderr, "RC mode %d isn't found, exit\n", ctx->rate_control_mode);
+        assert(0);
+    }
+
+    attrib_list[0].value = VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420; /* set to desired RT format */
+    attrib_list[1].value = ctx->rate_control_mode; /* set to desired RC mode */
+
+    va_status = vaCreateConfig(ctx->va_dpy,
+                               VAProfileMPEG2Simple,
+                               VAEntrypointEncSlice,
+                               attrib_list,
+                               2,
+                               &ctx->config_id);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateConfig");
+
+    /* Create a context for this decode pipe */
+    va_status = vaCreateContext(ctx->va_dpy,
+                                ctx->config_id,
+                                ctx->width,
+                                ctx->height,
+                                VA_PROGRESSIVE, 
+                                0,
+                                0,
+                                &ctx->context_id);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateContext");
+
+    va_status = vaCreateSurfaces(ctx->va_dpy,
+                                 VA_RT_FORMAT_YUV420,
+                                 ctx->width,
+                                 ctx->height,
+                                 surface_ids,
+                                 SID_NUMBER,
+                                 NULL,
+                                 0);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateSurfaces");
+}
+
+static void 
+mpeg2enc_init(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    ctx->frame_data_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(ctx->frame_size);
+    ctx->seq_param_buf_id = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    ctx->pic_param_buf_id = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    ctx->packed_seq_header_param_buf_id = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    ctx->packed_seq_buf_id = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    ctx->packed_pic_header_param_buf_id = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    ctx->packed_pic_buf_id = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    ctx->codedbuf_buf_id = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    ctx->codedbuf_i_size = ctx->frame_size;
+    ctx->codedbuf_pb_size = 0;
+    ctx->intra_period = INTRA_PERIOD;
+    ctx->bit_rate = -1;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < MAX_SLICES; i++) {
+        ctx->slice_param_buf_id[i] = VA_INVALID_ID;
+    }
+
+    mpeg2enc_init_sequence_parameter(ctx, &ctx->seq_param);
+    mpeg2enc_init_picture_parameter(ctx, &ctx->pic_param);
+    mpeg2enc_alloc_va_resources(ctx);
+
+    /* thread */
+    ctx->current_input_surface = SID_INPUT_PICTURE_0;
+    ctx->current_upload_surface = SID_INPUT_PICTURE_1;
+    ctx->upload_thread_value = pthread_create(&ctx->upload_thread_id,
+                                              NULL,
+                                              upload_yuv_to_surface,
+                                              ctx);
+}
+
+/*
+ * run
+ */
+static void 
+mpeg2enc_update_picture_parameter(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx,
+                                 VAEncPictureType picture_type,
+                                 int coded_order,
+                                 int display_order)
+{
+    VAEncPictureParameterBufferMPEG2 *pic_param;
+    VAStatus va_status;
+
+    // Picture level
+    pic_param = &ctx->pic_param;
+    pic_param->picture_type = picture_type;
+    pic_param->temporal_reference = display_order;
+    pic_param->reconstructed_picture = surface_ids[SID_RECON_PICTURE];
+    pic_param->forward_reference_picture = surface_ids[SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L0];
+    pic_param->backward_reference_picture = surface_ids[SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L1];
+    pic_param->coded_buf = ctx->codedbuf_buf_id;
+
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(ctx->va_dpy,
+                               ctx->context_id,
+                               VAEncPictureParameterBufferType,
+                               sizeof(*pic_param),
+                               1,
+                               pic_param,
+                               &ctx->pic_param_buf_id);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");
+}
+
+static void 
+mpeg2enc_update_slice_parameter(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx, VAEncPictureType picture_type)
+{
+    VAEncSequenceParameterBufferMPEG2 *seq_param;
+    VAEncPictureParameterBufferMPEG2 *pic_param;
+    VAEncSliceParameterBufferMPEG2 *slice_param;
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    int i, width_in_mbs, height_in_mbs;
+
+    pic_param = &ctx->pic_param;
+    assert(pic_param->picture_coding_extension.bits.q_scale_type == 0);
+
+    seq_param = &ctx->seq_param;
+    width_in_mbs = (seq_param->picture_width + 15) / 16;
+    height_in_mbs = (seq_param->picture_height + 15) / 16;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < height_in_mbs; i++) {
+        slice_param = &ctx->slice_param[i];
+        slice_param->macroblock_address = i * width_in_mbs;
+        slice_param->num_macroblocks = width_in_mbs;
+        slice_param->is_intra_slice = 0;
+        slice_param->quantiser_scale_code = ctx->qp / 2;
+    }
+
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(ctx->va_dpy,
+                               ctx->context_id,
+                               VAEncSliceParameterBufferType,
+                               sizeof(*slice_param),
+                               height_in_mbs,
+                               ctx->slice_param,
+                               ctx->slice_param_buf_id);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status, "vaCreateBuffer");;
+
+    ctx->num_slices = height_in_mbs;
+}
+
+static int 
+begin_picture(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx,
+              int coded_order,
+              int display_order,
+              VAEncPictureType picture_type)
+{
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    int tmp;
+
+    if (ctx->upload_thread_value != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "FATAL error!!!\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    pthread_join(ctx->upload_thread_id, NULL);
+
+    ctx->upload_thread_value = -1;
+    tmp = ctx->current_input_surface;
+    ctx->current_input_surface = ctx->current_upload_surface;
+    ctx->current_upload_surface = tmp;
+
+    if (coded_order == 0) {
+        VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBuffer packed_header_param_buffer;
+        unsigned int length_in_bits;
+        unsigned char *packed_seq_buffer = NULL, *packed_pic_buffer = NULL;
+
+        assert(picture_type == VAEncPictureTypeIntra);
+        length_in_bits = build_packed_seq_buffer(&ctx->seq_param, &packed_seq_buffer);
+        packed_header_param_buffer.type = VAEncPackedHeaderMPEG2_SPS;
+        packed_header_param_buffer.has_emulation_bytes = 0;
+        packed_header_param_buffer.bit_length = length_in_bits;
+        va_status = vaCreateBuffer(ctx->va_dpy,
+                                   ctx->context_id,
+                                   VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBufferType,
+                                   sizeof(packed_header_param_buffer), 1, &packed_header_param_buffer,
+                                   &ctx->packed_seq_header_param_buf_id);
+        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaCreateBuffer");
+
+        va_status = vaCreateBuffer(ctx->va_dpy,
+                                   ctx->context_id,
+                                   VAEncPackedHeaderDataBufferType,
+                                   (length_in_bits + 7) / 8, 1, packed_seq_buffer,
+                                   &ctx->packed_seq_buf_id);
+        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaCreateBuffer");
+
+        length_in_bits = build_packed_pic_buffer(&ctx->seq_param, &ctx->pic_param, &packed_pic_buffer);
+        packed_header_param_buffer.type = VAEncPackedHeaderMPEG2_PPS;
+        packed_header_param_buffer.has_emulation_bytes = 0;
+        packed_header_param_buffer.bit_length = length_in_bits;
+
+        va_status = vaCreateBuffer(ctx->va_dpy,
+                                   ctx->context_id,
+                                   VAEncPackedHeaderParameterBufferType,
+                                   sizeof(packed_header_param_buffer), 1, &packed_header_param_buffer,
+                                   &ctx->packed_pic_header_param_buf_id);
+        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaCreateBuffer");
+
+        va_status = vaCreateBuffer(ctx->va_dpy,
+                                   ctx->context_id,
+                                   VAEncPackedHeaderDataBufferType,
+                                   (length_in_bits + 7) / 8, 1, packed_pic_buffer,
+                                   &ctx->packed_pic_buf_id);
+        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaCreateBuffer");
+
+        free(packed_seq_buffer);
+        free(packed_pic_buffer);
+    }
+
+    /* sequence parameter set */
+    VAEncSequenceParameterBufferMPEG2 *seq_param = &ctx->seq_param;
+    va_status = vaCreateBuffer(ctx->va_dpy,
+                               ctx->context_id,
+                               VAEncSequenceParameterBufferType,
+                               sizeof(*seq_param),
+                               1,
+                               seq_param,
+                               &ctx->seq_param_buf_id);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaCreateBuffer");;
+
+    /* slice parameter */
+    mpeg2enc_update_slice_parameter(ctx, picture_type);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int 
+mpeg2enc_render_picture(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx)
+{
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    VABufferID va_buffers[16];
+    unsigned int num_va_buffers = 0;
+
+    va_buffers[num_va_buffers++] = ctx->seq_param_buf_id;
+    va_buffers[num_va_buffers++] = ctx->pic_param_buf_id;
+
+    if (ctx->packed_seq_header_param_buf_id != VA_INVALID_ID)
+        va_buffers[num_va_buffers++] = ctx->packed_seq_header_param_buf_id;
+
+    if (ctx->packed_seq_buf_id != VA_INVALID_ID)
+        va_buffers[num_va_buffers++] = ctx->packed_seq_buf_id;
+
+    if (ctx->packed_pic_header_param_buf_id != VA_INVALID_ID)
+        va_buffers[num_va_buffers++] = ctx->packed_pic_header_param_buf_id;
+
+    if (ctx->packed_pic_buf_id != VA_INVALID_ID)
+        va_buffers[num_va_buffers++] = ctx->packed_pic_buf_id;
+
+    va_status = vaBeginPicture(ctx->va_dpy,
+                               ctx->context_id,
+                               surface_ids[ctx->current_input_surface]);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaBeginPicture");
+
+    va_status = vaRenderPicture(ctx->va_dpy,
+                                ctx->context_id,
+                                va_buffers,
+                                num_va_buffers);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaRenderPicture");
+
+    va_status = vaRenderPicture(ctx->va_dpy,
+                                ctx->context_id,
+                                &ctx->slice_param_buf_id[0],
+                                ctx->num_slices);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaRenderPicture");
+
+    va_status = vaEndPicture(ctx->va_dpy, ctx->context_id);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaEndPicture");
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int 
+mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx, VABufferID *va_buffers, unsigned int num_va_buffers)
+{
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < num_va_buffers; i++) {
+        if (va_buffers[i] != VA_INVALID_ID) {
+            va_status = vaDestroyBuffer(ctx->va_dpy, va_buffers[i]);
+            CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaDestroyBuffer");
+            va_buffers[i] = VA_INVALID_ID;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+end_picture(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx, VAEncPictureType picture_type, int next_is_bpic)
+{
+    VABufferID tempID;
+
+    /* Prepare for next picture */
+    tempID = surface_ids[SID_RECON_PICTURE];  
+
+    if (picture_type != VAEncPictureTypeBidirectional) {
+        if (next_is_bpic) {
+            surface_ids[SID_RECON_PICTURE] = surface_ids[SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L1]; 
+            surface_ids[SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L1] = tempID;    
+        } else {
+            surface_ids[SID_RECON_PICTURE] = surface_ids[SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L0]; 
+            surface_ids[SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L0] = tempID;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (!next_is_bpic) {
+            surface_ids[SID_RECON_PICTURE] = surface_ids[SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L0]; 
+            surface_ids[SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L0] = surface_ids[SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L1];
+            surface_ids[SID_REFERENCE_PICTURE_L1] = tempID;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(ctx, &ctx->seq_param_buf_id, 1);
+    mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(ctx, &ctx->pic_param_buf_id, 1);
+    mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(ctx, &ctx->packed_seq_header_param_buf_id, 1);
+    mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(ctx, &ctx->packed_seq_buf_id, 1);
+    mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(ctx, &ctx->packed_pic_header_param_buf_id, 1);
+    mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(ctx, &ctx->packed_pic_buf_id, 1);
+    mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(ctx, &ctx->slice_param_buf_id[0], ctx->num_slices);
+    mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(ctx, &ctx->codedbuf_buf_id, 1);
+    memset(ctx->slice_param, 0, sizeof(ctx->slice_param));
+    ctx->num_slices = 0;
+}
+
+static int
+store_coded_buffer(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx, VAEncPictureType picture_type)
+{
+    VACodedBufferSegment *coded_buffer_segment;
+    unsigned char *coded_mem;
+    int slice_data_length;
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    VASurfaceStatus surface_status;
+    size_t w_items;
+
+    va_status = vaSyncSurface(ctx->va_dpy, surface_ids[ctx->current_input_surface]);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaSyncSurface");
+
+    surface_status = 0;
+    va_status = vaQuerySurfaceStatus(ctx->va_dpy, surface_ids[ctx->current_input_surface], &surface_status);
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaQuerySurfaceStatus");
+
+    va_status = vaMapBuffer(ctx->va_dpy, ctx->codedbuf_buf_id, (void **)(&coded_buffer_segment));
+    CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaMapBuffer");
+    coded_mem = coded_buffer_segment->buf;
+
+    if (coded_buffer_segment->status & VA_CODED_BUF_STATUS_SLICE_OVERFLOW_MASK) {
+        if (picture_type == VAEncPictureTypeIntra)
+            ctx->codedbuf_i_size *= 2;
+        else
+            ctx->codedbuf_pb_size *= 2;
+
+        vaUnmapBuffer(ctx->va_dpy, ctx->codedbuf_buf_id);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    slice_data_length = coded_buffer_segment->size;
+
+    do {
+        w_items = fwrite(coded_mem, slice_data_length, 1, ctx->ofp);
+    } while (w_items != 1);
+
+    if (picture_type == VAEncPictureTypeIntra) {
+        if (ctx->codedbuf_i_size > slice_data_length * 3 / 2) {
+            ctx->codedbuf_i_size = slice_data_length * 3 / 2;
+        }
+        
+        if (ctx->codedbuf_pb_size < slice_data_length) {
+            ctx->codedbuf_pb_size = slice_data_length;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (ctx->codedbuf_pb_size > slice_data_length * 3 / 2) {
+            ctx->codedbuf_pb_size = slice_data_length * 3 / 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    vaUnmapBuffer(ctx->va_dpy, ctx->codedbuf_buf_id);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+encode_picture(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx,
+               int coded_order,
+               int display_order,
+               VAEncPictureType picture_type,
+               int next_is_bpic,
+               int next_display_order)
+{
+    VAStatus va_status;
+    int ret = 0, codedbuf_size;
+    
+    begin_picture(ctx, coded_order, display_order, picture_type);
+
+    if (1) {
+        /* upload YUV data to VA surface for next frame */
+        if (next_display_order >= ctx->num_pictures)
+            next_display_order = ctx->num_pictures - 1;
+
+        fseek(ctx->ifp, ctx->frame_size * next_display_order, SEEK_SET);
+        ctx->upload_thread_value = pthread_create(&ctx->upload_thread_id,
+                                                  NULL,
+                                                  upload_yuv_to_surface,
+                                                  ctx);
+    }
+
+    do {
+        mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(ctx, &ctx->codedbuf_buf_id, 1);
+        mpeg2enc_destroy_buffers(ctx, &ctx->pic_param_buf_id, 1);
+
+
+        if (VAEncPictureTypeIntra == picture_type) {
+            codedbuf_size = ctx->codedbuf_i_size;
+        } else {
+            codedbuf_size = ctx->codedbuf_pb_size;
+        }
+
+        /* coded buffer */
+        va_status = vaCreateBuffer(ctx->va_dpy,
+                                   ctx->context_id,
+                                   VAEncCodedBufferType,
+                                   codedbuf_size, 1, NULL,
+                                   &ctx->codedbuf_buf_id);
+        CHECK_VASTATUS(va_status,"vaCreateBuffer");
+
+        /* picture parameter set */
+        mpeg2enc_update_picture_parameter(ctx, picture_type, coded_order, display_order);
+
+        mpeg2enc_render_picture(ctx);
+
+        ret = store_coded_buffer(ctx, picture_type);
+    } while (ret);
+
+    end_picture(ctx, picture_type, next_is_bpic);
+}
+
+static void
+encode_pb_pictures(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx,
+                   int coded_order,
+                   int f, 
+                   int nbframes,
+                   int next_f)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    encode_picture(ctx,
+                   coded_order,
+                   f + nbframes,
+                   VAEncPictureTypePredictive,
+                   1,
+                   f);
+
+    for( i = 0; i < nbframes - 1; i++) {
+        encode_picture(ctx,
+                       coded_order + 1,
+                       f + i,
+                       VAEncPictureTypeBidirectional,
+                       1,
+                       f + i + 1);
+    }
+    
+    encode_picture(ctx,
+                   coded_order + 1,
+                   f + nbframes - 1,
+                   VAEncPictureTypeBidirectional,
+                   0,
+                   next_f);
+}
+
+static void
+mpeg2enc_run(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx)
+{
+    int display_order = 0, coded_order = 0;
+    int i_frame_only = 1, i_p_frame_only = 1;
+
+    for (display_order = 0; display_order < ctx->num_pictures;) {
+        if (i_frame_only) {
+            encode_picture(ctx,
+                           coded_order,
+                           display_order,
+                           VAEncPictureTypeIntra,
+                           0,
+                           display_order + 1);
+            display_order++;
+            coded_order++;
+        } else if (i_p_frame_only) {
+            if ((display_order % ctx->intra_period) == 0) {
+                encode_picture(ctx,
+                               coded_order,
+                               display_order,
+                               VAEncPictureTypeIntra,
+                               0,
+                               display_order + 1);
+                display_order++;
+                coded_order++;
+            } else {
+                encode_picture(ctx,
+                               coded_order,
+                               display_order,
+                               VAEncPictureTypePredictive,
+                               0,
+                               display_order + 1);
+                display_order++;
+                coded_order++;
+            }
+        } else { // follow the i,p,b pattern
+            static int fcurrent = 0;
+            int fnext;
+            
+            fcurrent = fcurrent % (sizeof(picture_type_patter)/sizeof(int[2]));
+            fnext = (fcurrent+1) % (sizeof(picture_type_patter)/sizeof(int[2]));
+            
+            if ( picture_type_patter[fcurrent][0] == VAEncPictureTypeIntra ) {
+                encode_picture(ctx,
+                               coded_order,
+                               display_order,
+                               VAEncPictureTypeIntra,
+                               0, 
+                               display_order + picture_type_patter[fnext][1]);
+                display_order++;
+                coded_order++;
+            } else {
+                encode_pb_pictures(ctx,
+                                   coded_order,
+                                   display_order,
+                                   picture_type_patter[fcurrent][1] - 1, 
+                                   display_order + picture_type_patter[fcurrent][1] + picture_type_patter[fnext][1] - 1);
+                display_order += picture_type_patter[fcurrent][1];
+                coded_order++;
+            }
+            fcurrent++;
+        }
+
+        fprintf(stderr, "\r %d/%d ...", display_order + 1, ctx->num_pictures);
+        fflush(stdout);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * end
+ */
+static void
+mpeg2enc_release_va_resources(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx)
+{
+    vaDestroySurfaces(ctx->va_dpy, surface_ids, SID_NUMBER);   
+    vaDestroyContext(ctx->va_dpy, ctx->context_id);
+    vaDestroyConfig(ctx->va_dpy, ctx->config_id);
+    vaTerminate(ctx->va_dpy);
+    va_close_display(ctx->va_dpy);
+}
+
+static void
+mpeg2enc_end(struct mpeg2enc_context *ctx)
+{
+    pthread_join(ctx->upload_thread_id, NULL);
+    mpeg2enc_release_va_resources(ctx);
+}
+
+int 
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    struct mpeg2enc_context ctx;
+    struct timeval tpstart, tpend; 
+    float timeuse;
+
+    gettimeofday(&tpstart, NULL);
+
+    memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
+    parse_args(&ctx, argc, argv);
+    mpeg2enc_init(&ctx);
+    mpeg2enc_run(&ctx);
+    mpeg2enc_end(&ctx);
+
+    gettimeofday(&tpend, NULL);
+    timeuse = 1000000 * (tpend.tv_sec - tpstart.tv_sec) + tpend.tv_usec - tpstart.tv_usec;
+    timeuse /= 1000000;
+    fprintf(stderr, "\ndone!\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "encode %d frames in %f secondes, FPS is %.1f\n", ctx.num_pictures, timeuse, ctx.num_pictures / timeuse);
+
+    mpeg2enc_exit(&ctx, 0);
+
+    return 0;
+}