+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * KFENCE guarded object allocator and fault handling.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020, Google LLC.
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) "kfence: " fmt
+
+#include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/bug.h>
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
+#include <linux/kcsan-checks.h>
+#include <linux/kfence.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/lockdep.h>
+#include <linux/memblock.h>
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+
+#include <asm/kfence.h>
+
+#include "kfence.h"
+
+/* Disables KFENCE on the first warning assuming an irrecoverable error. */
+#define KFENCE_WARN_ON(cond) \
+ ({ \
+ const bool __cond = WARN_ON(cond); \
+ if (unlikely(__cond)) \
+ WRITE_ONCE(kfence_enabled, false); \
+ __cond; \
+ })
+
+/* === Data ================================================================= */
+
+static bool kfence_enabled __read_mostly;
+
+static unsigned long kfence_sample_interval __read_mostly = CONFIG_KFENCE_SAMPLE_INTERVAL;
+
+#ifdef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
+#undef MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX
+#endif
+#define MODULE_PARAM_PREFIX "kfence."
+
+static int param_set_sample_interval(const char *val, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+{
+ unsigned long num;
+ int ret = kstrtoul(val, 0, &num);
+
+ if (ret < 0)
+ return ret;
+
+ if (!num) /* Using 0 to indicate KFENCE is disabled. */
+ WRITE_ONCE(kfence_enabled, false);
+ else if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled) && system_state != SYSTEM_BOOTING)
+ return -EINVAL; /* Cannot (re-)enable KFENCE on-the-fly. */
+
+ *((unsigned long *)kp->arg) = num;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int param_get_sample_interval(char *buffer, const struct kernel_param *kp)
+{
+ if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled))
+ return sprintf(buffer, "0\n");
+
+ return param_get_ulong(buffer, kp);
+}
+
+static const struct kernel_param_ops sample_interval_param_ops = {
+ .set = param_set_sample_interval,
+ .get = param_get_sample_interval,
+};
+module_param_cb(sample_interval, &sample_interval_param_ops, &kfence_sample_interval, 0600);
+
+/* The pool of pages used for guard pages and objects. */
+char *__kfence_pool __ro_after_init;
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kfence_pool); /* Export for test modules. */
+
+/*
+ * Per-object metadata, with one-to-one mapping of object metadata to
+ * backing pages (in __kfence_pool).
+ */
+static_assert(CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS > 0);
+struct kfence_metadata kfence_metadata[CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS];
+
+/* Freelist with available objects. */
+static struct list_head kfence_freelist = LIST_HEAD_INIT(kfence_freelist);
+static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(kfence_freelist_lock); /* Lock protecting freelist. */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_KFENCE_STATIC_KEYS
+/* The static key to set up a KFENCE allocation. */
+DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(kfence_allocation_key);
+#endif
+
+/* Gates the allocation, ensuring only one succeeds in a given period. */
+atomic_t kfence_allocation_gate = ATOMIC_INIT(1);
+
+/* Statistics counters for debugfs. */
+enum kfence_counter_id {
+ KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCATED,
+ KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCS,
+ KFENCE_COUNTER_FREES,
+ KFENCE_COUNTER_ZOMBIES,
+ KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS,
+ KFENCE_COUNTER_COUNT,
+};
+static atomic_long_t counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_COUNT];
+static const char *const counter_names[] = {
+ [KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCATED] = "currently allocated",
+ [KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCS] = "total allocations",
+ [KFENCE_COUNTER_FREES] = "total frees",
+ [KFENCE_COUNTER_ZOMBIES] = "zombie allocations",
+ [KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS] = "total bugs",
+};
+static_assert(ARRAY_SIZE(counter_names) == KFENCE_COUNTER_COUNT);
+
+/* === Internals ============================================================ */
+
+static bool kfence_protect(unsigned long addr)
+{
+ return !KFENCE_WARN_ON(!kfence_protect_page(ALIGN_DOWN(addr, PAGE_SIZE), true));
+}
+
+static bool kfence_unprotect(unsigned long addr)
+{
+ return !KFENCE_WARN_ON(!kfence_protect_page(ALIGN_DOWN(addr, PAGE_SIZE), false));
+}
+
+static inline struct kfence_metadata *addr_to_metadata(unsigned long addr)
+{
+ long index;
+
+ /* The checks do not affect performance; only called from slow-paths. */
+
+ if (!is_kfence_address((void *)addr))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /*
+ * May be an invalid index if called with an address at the edge of
+ * __kfence_pool, in which case we would report an "invalid access"
+ * error.
+ */
+ index = (addr - (unsigned long)__kfence_pool) / (PAGE_SIZE * 2) - 1;
+ if (index < 0 || index >= CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return &kfence_metadata[index];
+}
+
+static inline unsigned long metadata_to_pageaddr(const struct kfence_metadata *meta)
+{
+ unsigned long offset = (meta - kfence_metadata + 1) * PAGE_SIZE * 2;
+ unsigned long pageaddr = (unsigned long)&__kfence_pool[offset];
+
+ /* The checks do not affect performance; only called from slow-paths. */
+
+ /* Only call with a pointer into kfence_metadata. */
+ if (KFENCE_WARN_ON(meta < kfence_metadata ||
+ meta >= kfence_metadata + CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS))
+ return 0;
+
+ /*
+ * This metadata object only ever maps to 1 page; verify that the stored
+ * address is in the expected range.
+ */
+ if (KFENCE_WARN_ON(ALIGN_DOWN(meta->addr, PAGE_SIZE) != pageaddr))
+ return 0;
+
+ return pageaddr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update the object's metadata state, including updating the alloc/free stacks
+ * depending on the state transition.
+ */
+static noinline void metadata_update_state(struct kfence_metadata *meta,
+ enum kfence_object_state next)
+{
+ struct kfence_track *track =
+ next == KFENCE_OBJECT_FREED ? &meta->free_track : &meta->alloc_track;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&meta->lock);
+
+ /*
+ * Skip over 1 (this) functions; noinline ensures we do not accidentally
+ * skip over the caller by never inlining.
+ */
+ track->num_stack_entries = stack_trace_save(track->stack_entries, KFENCE_STACK_DEPTH, 1);
+ track->pid = task_pid_nr(current);
+
+ /*
+ * Pairs with READ_ONCE() in
+ * kfence_shutdown_cache(),
+ * kfence_handle_page_fault().
+ */
+ WRITE_ONCE(meta->state, next);
+}
+
+/* Write canary byte to @addr. */
+static inline bool set_canary_byte(u8 *addr)
+{
+ *addr = KFENCE_CANARY_PATTERN(addr);
+ return true;
+}
+
+/* Check canary byte at @addr. */
+static inline bool check_canary_byte(u8 *addr)
+{
+ if (likely(*addr == KFENCE_CANARY_PATTERN(addr)))
+ return true;
+
+ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS]);
+ kfence_report_error((unsigned long)addr, addr_to_metadata((unsigned long)addr),
+ KFENCE_ERROR_CORRUPTION);
+ return false;
+}
+
+/* __always_inline this to ensure we won't do an indirect call to fn. */
+static __always_inline void for_each_canary(const struct kfence_metadata *meta, bool (*fn)(u8 *))
+{
+ const unsigned long pageaddr = ALIGN_DOWN(meta->addr, PAGE_SIZE);
+ unsigned long addr;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&meta->lock);
+
+ /*
+ * We'll iterate over each canary byte per-side until fn() returns
+ * false. However, we'll still iterate over the canary bytes to the
+ * right of the object even if there was an error in the canary bytes to
+ * the left of the object. Specifically, if check_canary_byte()
+ * generates an error, showing both sides might give more clues as to
+ * what the error is about when displaying which bytes were corrupted.
+ */
+
+ /* Apply to left of object. */
+ for (addr = pageaddr; addr < meta->addr; addr++) {
+ if (!fn((u8 *)addr))
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* Apply to right of object. */
+ for (addr = meta->addr + meta->size; addr < pageaddr + PAGE_SIZE; addr++) {
+ if (!fn((u8 *)addr))
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+static void *kfence_guarded_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cache, size_t size, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+ struct kfence_metadata *meta = NULL;
+ unsigned long flags;
+ struct page *page;
+ void *addr;
+
+ /* Try to obtain a free object. */
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags);
+ if (!list_empty(&kfence_freelist)) {
+ meta = list_entry(kfence_freelist.next, struct kfence_metadata, list);
+ list_del_init(&meta->list);
+ }
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags);
+ if (!meta)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (unlikely(!raw_spin_trylock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags))) {
+ /*
+ * This is extremely unlikely -- we are reporting on a
+ * use-after-free, which locked meta->lock, and the reporting
+ * code via printk calls kmalloc() which ends up in
+ * kfence_alloc() and tries to grab the same object that we're
+ * reporting on. While it has never been observed, lockdep does
+ * report that there is a possibility of deadlock. Fix it by
+ * using trylock and bailing out gracefully.
+ */
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags);
+ /* Put the object back on the freelist. */
+ list_add_tail(&meta->list, &kfence_freelist);
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags);
+
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ meta->addr = metadata_to_pageaddr(meta);
+ /* Unprotect if we're reusing this page. */
+ if (meta->state == KFENCE_OBJECT_FREED)
+ kfence_unprotect(meta->addr);
+
+ /*
+ * Note: for allocations made before RNG initialization, will always
+ * return zero. We still benefit from enabling KFENCE as early as
+ * possible, even when the RNG is not yet available, as this will allow
+ * KFENCE to detect bugs due to earlier allocations. The only downside
+ * is that the out-of-bounds accesses detected are deterministic for
+ * such allocations.
+ */
+ if (prandom_u32_max(2)) {
+ /* Allocate on the "right" side, re-calculate address. */
+ meta->addr += PAGE_SIZE - size;
+ meta->addr = ALIGN_DOWN(meta->addr, cache->align);
+ }
+
+ addr = (void *)meta->addr;
+
+ /* Update remaining metadata. */
+ metadata_update_state(meta, KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED);
+ /* Pairs with READ_ONCE() in kfence_shutdown_cache(). */
+ WRITE_ONCE(meta->cache, cache);
+ meta->size = size;
+ for_each_canary(meta, set_canary_byte);
+
+ /* Set required struct page fields. */
+ page = virt_to_page(meta->addr);
+ page->slab_cache = cache;
+
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags);
+
+ /* Memory initialization. */
+
+ /*
+ * We check slab_want_init_on_alloc() ourselves, rather than letting
+ * SL*B do the initialization, as otherwise we might overwrite KFENCE's
+ * redzone.
+ */
+ if (unlikely(slab_want_init_on_alloc(gfp, cache)))
+ memzero_explicit(addr, size);
+ if (cache->ctor)
+ cache->ctor(addr);
+
+ if (CONFIG_KFENCE_STRESS_TEST_FAULTS && !prandom_u32_max(CONFIG_KFENCE_STRESS_TEST_FAULTS))
+ kfence_protect(meta->addr); /* Random "faults" by protecting the object. */
+
+ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCATED]);
+ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCS]);
+
+ return addr;
+}
+
+static void kfence_guarded_free(void *addr, struct kfence_metadata *meta, bool zombie)
+{
+ struct kcsan_scoped_access assert_page_exclusive;
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags);
+
+ if (meta->state != KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED || meta->addr != (unsigned long)addr) {
+ /* Invalid or double-free, bail out. */
+ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS]);
+ kfence_report_error((unsigned long)addr, meta, KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID_FREE);
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* Detect racy use-after-free, or incorrect reallocation of this page by KFENCE. */
+ kcsan_begin_scoped_access((void *)ALIGN_DOWN((unsigned long)addr, PAGE_SIZE), PAGE_SIZE,
+ KCSAN_ACCESS_SCOPED | KCSAN_ACCESS_WRITE | KCSAN_ACCESS_ASSERT,
+ &assert_page_exclusive);
+
+ if (CONFIG_KFENCE_STRESS_TEST_FAULTS)
+ kfence_unprotect((unsigned long)addr); /* To check canary bytes. */
+
+ /* Restore page protection if there was an OOB access. */
+ if (meta->unprotected_page) {
+ kfence_protect(meta->unprotected_page);
+ meta->unprotected_page = 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Check canary bytes for memory corruption. */
+ for_each_canary(meta, check_canary_byte);
+
+ /*
+ * Clear memory if init-on-free is set. While we protect the page, the
+ * data is still there, and after a use-after-free is detected, we
+ * unprotect the page, so the data is still accessible.
+ */
+ if (!zombie && unlikely(slab_want_init_on_free(meta->cache)))
+ memzero_explicit(addr, meta->size);
+
+ /* Mark the object as freed. */
+ metadata_update_state(meta, KFENCE_OBJECT_FREED);
+
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags);
+
+ /* Protect to detect use-after-frees. */
+ kfence_protect((unsigned long)addr);
+
+ kcsan_end_scoped_access(&assert_page_exclusive);
+ if (!zombie) {
+ /* Add it to the tail of the freelist for reuse. */
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags);
+ KFENCE_WARN_ON(!list_empty(&meta->list));
+ list_add_tail(&meta->list, &kfence_freelist);
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&kfence_freelist_lock, flags);
+
+ atomic_long_dec(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_ALLOCATED]);
+ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_FREES]);
+ } else {
+ /* See kfence_shutdown_cache(). */
+ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_ZOMBIES]);
+ }
+}
+
+static void rcu_guarded_free(struct rcu_head *h)
+{
+ struct kfence_metadata *meta = container_of(h, struct kfence_metadata, rcu_head);
+
+ kfence_guarded_free((void *)meta->addr, meta, false);
+}
+
+static bool __init kfence_init_pool(void)
+{
+ unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)__kfence_pool;
+ struct page *pages;
+ int i;
+
+ if (!__kfence_pool)
+ return false;
+
+ if (!arch_kfence_init_pool())
+ goto err;
+
+ pages = virt_to_page(addr);
+
+ /*
+ * Set up object pages: they must have PG_slab set, to avoid freeing
+ * these as real pages.
+ *
+ * We also want to avoid inserting kfence_free() in the kfree()
+ * fast-path in SLUB, and therefore need to ensure kfree() correctly
+ * enters __slab_free() slow-path.
+ */
+ for (i = 0; i < KFENCE_POOL_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE; i++) {
+ if (!i || (i % 2))
+ continue;
+
+ /* Verify we do not have a compound head page. */
+ if (WARN_ON(compound_head(&pages[i]) != &pages[i]))
+ goto err;
+
+ __SetPageSlab(&pages[i]);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Protect the first 2 pages. The first page is mostly unnecessary, and
+ * merely serves as an extended guard page. However, adding one
+ * additional page in the beginning gives us an even number of pages,
+ * which simplifies the mapping of address to metadata index.
+ */
+ for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+ if (unlikely(!kfence_protect(addr)))
+ goto err;
+
+ addr += PAGE_SIZE;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS; i++) {
+ struct kfence_metadata *meta = &kfence_metadata[i];
+
+ /* Initialize metadata. */
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&meta->list);
+ raw_spin_lock_init(&meta->lock);
+ meta->state = KFENCE_OBJECT_UNUSED;
+ meta->addr = addr; /* Initialize for validation in metadata_to_pageaddr(). */
+ list_add_tail(&meta->list, &kfence_freelist);
+
+ /* Protect the right redzone. */
+ if (unlikely(!kfence_protect(addr + PAGE_SIZE)))
+ goto err;
+
+ addr += 2 * PAGE_SIZE;
+ }
+
+ return true;
+
+err:
+ /*
+ * Only release unprotected pages, and do not try to go back and change
+ * page attributes due to risk of failing to do so as well. If changing
+ * page attributes for some pages fails, it is very likely that it also
+ * fails for the first page, and therefore expect addr==__kfence_pool in
+ * most failure cases.
+ */
+ memblock_free_late(__pa(addr), KFENCE_POOL_SIZE - (addr - (unsigned long)__kfence_pool));
+ __kfence_pool = NULL;
+ return false;
+}
+
+/* === DebugFS Interface ==================================================== */
+
+static int stats_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ seq_printf(seq, "enabled: %i\n", READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled));
+ for (i = 0; i < KFENCE_COUNTER_COUNT; i++)
+ seq_printf(seq, "%s: %ld\n", counter_names[i], atomic_long_read(&counters[i]));
+
+ return 0;
+}
+DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(stats);
+
+/*
+ * debugfs seq_file operations for /sys/kernel/debug/kfence/objects.
+ * start_object() and next_object() return the object index + 1, because NULL is used
+ * to stop iteration.
+ */
+static void *start_object(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *pos)
+{
+ if (*pos < CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS)
+ return (void *)((long)*pos + 1);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+static void stop_object(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
+{
+}
+
+static void *next_object(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
+{
+ ++*pos;
+ if (*pos < CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS)
+ return (void *)((long)*pos + 1);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+static int show_object(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
+{
+ struct kfence_metadata *meta = &kfence_metadata[(long)v - 1];
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags);
+ kfence_print_object(seq, meta);
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags);
+ seq_puts(seq, "---------------------------------\n");
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct seq_operations object_seqops = {
+ .start = start_object,
+ .next = next_object,
+ .stop = stop_object,
+ .show = show_object,
+};
+
+static int open_objects(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+ return seq_open(file, &object_seqops);
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations objects_fops = {
+ .open = open_objects,
+ .read = seq_read,
+ .llseek = seq_lseek,
+};
+
+static int __init kfence_debugfs_init(void)
+{
+ struct dentry *kfence_dir = debugfs_create_dir("kfence", NULL);
+
+ debugfs_create_file("stats", 0444, kfence_dir, NULL, &stats_fops);
+ debugfs_create_file("objects", 0400, kfence_dir, NULL, &objects_fops);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+late_initcall(kfence_debugfs_init);
+
+/* === Allocation Gate Timer ================================================ */
+
+/*
+ * Set up delayed work, which will enable and disable the static key. We need to
+ * use a work queue (rather than a simple timer), since enabling and disabling a
+ * static key cannot be done from an interrupt.
+ *
+ * Note: Toggling a static branch currently causes IPIs, and here we'll end up
+ * with a total of 2 IPIs to all CPUs. If this ends up a problem in future (with
+ * more aggressive sampling intervals), we could get away with a variant that
+ * avoids IPIs, at the cost of not immediately capturing allocations if the
+ * instructions remain cached.
+ */
+static struct delayed_work kfence_timer;
+static void toggle_allocation_gate(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+ if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled))
+ return;
+
+ /* Enable static key, and await allocation to happen. */
+ atomic_set(&kfence_allocation_gate, 0);
+#ifdef CONFIG_KFENCE_STATIC_KEYS
+ static_branch_enable(&kfence_allocation_key);
+ /*
+ * Await an allocation. Timeout after 1 second, in case the kernel stops
+ * doing allocations, to avoid stalling this worker task for too long.
+ */
+ {
+ unsigned long end_wait = jiffies + HZ;
+
+ do {
+ set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+ if (atomic_read(&kfence_allocation_gate) != 0)
+ break;
+ schedule_timeout(1);
+ } while (time_before(jiffies, end_wait));
+ __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
+ }
+ /* Disable static key and reset timer. */
+ static_branch_disable(&kfence_allocation_key);
+#endif
+ schedule_delayed_work(&kfence_timer, msecs_to_jiffies(kfence_sample_interval));
+}
+static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(kfence_timer, toggle_allocation_gate);
+
+/* === Public interface ===================================================== */
+
+void __init kfence_alloc_pool(void)
+{
+ if (!kfence_sample_interval)
+ return;
+
+ __kfence_pool = memblock_alloc(KFENCE_POOL_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+ if (!__kfence_pool)
+ pr_err("failed to allocate pool\n");
+}
+
+void __init kfence_init(void)
+{
+ /* Setting kfence_sample_interval to 0 on boot disables KFENCE. */
+ if (!kfence_sample_interval)
+ return;
+
+ if (!kfence_init_pool()) {
+ pr_err("%s failed\n", __func__);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ WRITE_ONCE(kfence_enabled, true);
+ schedule_delayed_work(&kfence_timer, 0);
+ pr_info("initialized - using %lu bytes for %d objects", KFENCE_POOL_SIZE,
+ CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS);
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL))
+ pr_cont(" at 0x%px-0x%px\n", (void *)__kfence_pool,
+ (void *)(__kfence_pool + KFENCE_POOL_SIZE));
+ else
+ pr_cont("\n");
+}
+
+void kfence_shutdown_cache(struct kmem_cache *s)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+ struct kfence_metadata *meta;
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS; i++) {
+ bool in_use;
+
+ meta = &kfence_metadata[i];
+
+ /*
+ * If we observe some inconsistent cache and state pair where we
+ * should have returned false here, cache destruction is racing
+ * with either kmem_cache_alloc() or kmem_cache_free(). Taking
+ * the lock will not help, as different critical section
+ * serialization will have the same outcome.
+ */
+ if (READ_ONCE(meta->cache) != s ||
+ READ_ONCE(meta->state) != KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED)
+ continue;
+
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags);
+ in_use = meta->cache == s && meta->state == KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED;
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags);
+
+ if (in_use) {
+ /*
+ * This cache still has allocations, and we should not
+ * release them back into the freelist so they can still
+ * safely be used and retain the kernel's default
+ * behaviour of keeping the allocations alive (leak the
+ * cache); however, they effectively become "zombie
+ * allocations" as the KFENCE objects are the only ones
+ * still in use and the owning cache is being destroyed.
+ *
+ * We mark them freed, so that any subsequent use shows
+ * more useful error messages that will include stack
+ * traces of the user of the object, the original
+ * allocation, and caller to shutdown_cache().
+ */
+ kfence_guarded_free((void *)meta->addr, meta, /*zombie=*/true);
+ }
+ }
+
+ for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_KFENCE_NUM_OBJECTS; i++) {
+ meta = &kfence_metadata[i];
+
+ /* See above. */
+ if (READ_ONCE(meta->cache) != s || READ_ONCE(meta->state) != KFENCE_OBJECT_FREED)
+ continue;
+
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&meta->lock, flags);
+ if (meta->cache == s && meta->state == KFENCE_OBJECT_FREED)
+ meta->cache = NULL;
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&meta->lock, flags);
+ }
+}
+
+void *__kfence_alloc(struct kmem_cache *s, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
+{
+ /*
+ * allocation_gate only needs to become non-zero, so it doesn't make
+ * sense to continue writing to it and pay the associated contention
+ * cost, in case we have a large number of concurrent allocations.
+ */
+ if (atomic_read(&kfence_allocation_gate) || atomic_inc_return(&kfence_allocation_gate) > 1)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled))
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (size > PAGE_SIZE)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return kfence_guarded_alloc(s, size, flags);
+}
+
+size_t kfence_ksize(const void *addr)
+{
+ const struct kfence_metadata *meta = addr_to_metadata((unsigned long)addr);
+
+ /*
+ * Read locklessly -- if there is a race with __kfence_alloc(), this is
+ * either a use-after-free or invalid access.
+ */
+ return meta ? meta->size : 0;
+}
+
+void *kfence_object_start(const void *addr)
+{
+ const struct kfence_metadata *meta = addr_to_metadata((unsigned long)addr);
+
+ /*
+ * Read locklessly -- if there is a race with __kfence_alloc(), this is
+ * either a use-after-free or invalid access.
+ */
+ return meta ? (void *)meta->addr : NULL;
+}
+
+void __kfence_free(void *addr)
+{
+ struct kfence_metadata *meta = addr_to_metadata((unsigned long)addr);
+
+ /*
+ * If the objects of the cache are SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU, defer freeing
+ * the object, as the object page may be recycled for other-typed
+ * objects once it has been freed. meta->cache may be NULL if the cache
+ * was destroyed.
+ */
+ if (unlikely(meta->cache && (meta->cache->flags & SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU)))
+ call_rcu(&meta->rcu_head, rcu_guarded_free);
+ else
+ kfence_guarded_free(addr, meta, false);
+}
+
+bool kfence_handle_page_fault(unsigned long addr)
+{
+ const int page_index = (addr - (unsigned long)__kfence_pool) / PAGE_SIZE;
+ struct kfence_metadata *to_report = NULL;
+ enum kfence_error_type error_type;
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ if (!is_kfence_address((void *)addr))
+ return false;
+
+ if (!READ_ONCE(kfence_enabled)) /* If disabled at runtime ... */
+ return kfence_unprotect(addr); /* ... unprotect and proceed. */
+
+ atomic_long_inc(&counters[KFENCE_COUNTER_BUGS]);
+
+ if (page_index % 2) {
+ /* This is a redzone, report a buffer overflow. */
+ struct kfence_metadata *meta;
+ int distance = 0;
+
+ meta = addr_to_metadata(addr - PAGE_SIZE);
+ if (meta && READ_ONCE(meta->state) == KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED) {
+ to_report = meta;
+ /* Data race ok; distance calculation approximate. */
+ distance = addr - data_race(meta->addr + meta->size);
+ }
+
+ meta = addr_to_metadata(addr + PAGE_SIZE);
+ if (meta && READ_ONCE(meta->state) == KFENCE_OBJECT_ALLOCATED) {
+ /* Data race ok; distance calculation approximate. */
+ if (!to_report || distance > data_race(meta->addr) - addr)
+ to_report = meta;
+ }
+
+ if (!to_report)
+ goto out;
+
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&to_report->lock, flags);
+ to_report->unprotected_page = addr;
+ error_type = KFENCE_ERROR_OOB;
+
+ /*
+ * If the object was freed before we took the look we can still
+ * report this as an OOB -- the report will simply show the
+ * stacktrace of the free as well.
+ */
+ } else {
+ to_report = addr_to_metadata(addr);
+ if (!to_report)
+ goto out;
+
+ raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&to_report->lock, flags);
+ error_type = KFENCE_ERROR_UAF;
+ /*
+ * We may race with __kfence_alloc(), and it is possible that a
+ * freed object may be reallocated. We simply report this as a
+ * use-after-free, with the stack trace showing the place where
+ * the object was re-allocated.
+ */
+ }
+
+out:
+ if (to_report) {
+ kfence_report_error(addr, to_report, error_type);
+ raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&to_report->lock, flags);
+ } else {
+ /* This may be a UAF or OOB access, but we can't be sure. */
+ kfence_report_error(addr, NULL, KFENCE_ERROR_INVALID);
+ }
+
+ return kfence_unprotect(addr); /* Unprotect and let access proceed. */
+}
projects / platform / kernel / linux-starfive.git / commitdiff