[lld][RISCV] Avoid error when encountering unrecognised ISA extensions/versions in...

[lld][RISCV] Avoid error when encountering unrecognised ISA extensions/versions in RISC-V attributes

This patch follows on from this RFC thread
<https://discourse.llvm.org/t/rfc-resolving-issues-related-to-extension-versioning-in-risc-v/68472/>
and the ensuing discussion in the RISC-V LLVM sync-up call. The
consensus agreed that the behaviour change in LLD introduced in D138550
that results in object files including arch attributes with unrecognised
extensions or versions of extensions is a regression and should be
treated as such. As it stands, this logic means that LLD will error out
if trying to link a RISC-V object file from LLVM HEAD (rv32i2p0/rv64i2p0)
with one from current GCC (rv32i2p1/rv64i2p1 by default).

There's a bigger discussion about exactly when to warn vs error and so
on, and how to control that, and this patch doesn't attempt to address
all those questions. It simply tries to fix the problem with a minimally
invasive change, intended to be cherry-picked for 16.0.x (ideally
16.0.0, but queued for 16.0.1 if we're too late in the release cycle).

As you can see from the test changes, although the changed logic is
mostly more permissive, it will reject some embedded arch strings that
were accepted before. Because the same logic was previously used for
parsing human-written -march as for the arch attribute (intended to be
stored in normalised form), various short-hand formats were previously
accepted. Maintaining support for such ill-formed attributes would
substantially complicate the logic, and given the previous
implementation was so much stricter in every other way, was surely a bug
rather than a design choice.

Surprisingly, the precise rules for how numbers can be embedded into
extension names isn't fully defined (there is a PR to the ISA manual
that is not yet merged
<https://github.com/riscv/riscv-isa-manual/pull/718>).
In the absence of specific criteria for rejecting extensions names that
would be ambiguous in abbreviated form,
`RISCVISAInfo::parseArchStringNormalized` just pulls out the version
information from the end of each extension description.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D144353