Fix EH issues with SPMI and crossgen2 (#56054)

Fix EH issues with SPMI and crossgen2 (#56054)

* Remove last vestiges of the PAL exception handling from the JIT-EE interfaces

* Centralize the tweaks to allow finally behavior for crossgen2 exceptions in SPMI
- Centralize the exception filter to capture data with completely common code
- On unix, capture Crossgen2 triggered exceptions as exception code 1 (As was done for getCallInfo only before)
- Use a bunch of templates to reduce the code bloat in SPMI

With these changes catching exceptions should be more reliable. However, I was unable to reproduce the failure, so I need some jit team expertise to identify if these fixes are good.

Fixes #49563