[ARM] Add __bf16 as new Bfloat16 C Type

[ARM] Add __bf16 as new Bfloat16 C Type

Summary:
This patch upstreams support for a new storage only bfloat16 C type.
This type is used to implement primitive support for bfloat16 data, in
line with the Bfloat16 extension of the Armv8.6-a architecture, as
detailed here:

https://community.arm.com/developer/ip-products/processors/b/processors-ip-blog/posts/arm-architecture-developments-armv8-6-a

The bfloat type, and its properties are specified in the Arm Architecture
Reference Manual:

https://developer.arm.com/docs/ddi0487/latest/arm-architecture-reference-manual-armv8-for-armv8-a-architecture-profile

In detail this patch:
- introduces an opaque, storage-only C-type __bf16, which introduces a new bfloat IR type.

This is part of a patch series, starting with command-line and Bfloat16
assembly support. The subsequent patches will upstream intrinsics
support for BFloat16, followed by Matrix Multiplication and the
remaining Virtualization features of the armv8.6-a architecture.

The following people contributed to this patch:
- Luke Cheeseman
- Momchil Velikov
- Alexandros Lamprineas
- Luke Geeson
- Simon Tatham
- Ties Stuij

Reviewers: SjoerdMeijer, rjmccall, rsmith, liutianle, RKSimon, craig.topper, jfb, LukeGeeson, fpetrogalli

Reviewed By: SjoerdMeijer

Subscribers: labrinea, majnemer, asmith, dexonsmith, kristof.beyls, arphaman, danielkiss, cfe-commits

Tags: #clang

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D76077