Fortran: Fix some of the bugs in associate [PR87477]

Fortran: Fix some of the bugs in associate [PR87477]

2023-04-08  Paul Thomas  <pault@gcc.gnu.org>

gcc/fortran
	PR fortran/87477
	* iresolve.cc (gfc_resolve_adjustl, gfc_resolve_adjustr): if
	string length is deferred use the string typespec for result.
	* resolve.cc (resolve_assoc_var): Handle parentheses around the
	target expression.
	(resolve_block_construct): Remove unnecessary static decls.
	* trans-array.cc (gfc_conv_expr_descriptor): Guard string len
	expression in condition. Improve handling of string length and
	span, especially for substrings of the descriptor.
	(duplicate_allocatable): Make element type more explicit with
	'eltype'.
	* trans-decl.cc (gfc_get_symbol_decl): Emit a fatal error with
	appropriate message instead of ICE if symbol type is unknown.
	(gfc_generate_function_code): Set current locus to proc_sym
	declared_at.
	* trans-expr.cc (gfc_get_expr_charlen): Retain last charlen in
	'previous' and use if end expression in substring reference is
	null.
	(gfc_conv_string_length): Use gfc_conv_expr_descriptor if
	'expr_flat' is an array. Add post block to catch deallocation
	of temporaries.
	(gfc_conv_procedure_call): Assign the parmse string length to
	the expression string length, if it is deferred.
	(gfc_trans_alloc_subarray_assign): If this is a deferred string
	length component, store the string length in the hidden comp.
	Update the typespec length accordingly. Generate a new type
	spec for the call to gfc_duplicate-allocatable in this case.
	* trans-io.cc (gfc_trans_transfer): Scalarize transfer of
	deferred character array components.

gcc/testsuite/
	PR fortran/87477
	* gfortran.dg/associate_47.f90 : Enable substring test.
	* gfortran.dg/associate_51.f90 : Update an error message.
	* gfortran.dg/goacc/array-with-dt-2.f90 : Add span to
	uninitialzed dg-warnings.

	PR fortran/85686
	PR fortran/88247
	PR fortran/91941
	PR fortran/92779
	PR fortran/93339
	PR fortran/93813
	PR fortran/100948
	PR fortran/102106
	* gfortran.dg/associate_60.f90 : New test

	PR fortran/98408
	* gfortran.dg/pr98408.f90 : New test

	PR fortran/105205
	* gfortran.dg/pr105205.f90 : New test

	PR fortran/106918
	* gfortran.dg/pr106918.f90 : New test