libstdc++: Change [cmp.alg] assertions to constraints

libstdc++: Change [cmp.alg] assertions to constraints

This moves the same_as<decay_t<_Tp>, decay_t<_Up>> checks from the
[cmp.alg] function bodies into their constraints.

Also add a test for the compare_xxx_order_fallback algorithms.

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

	* libsupc++/compare (__decayed_same_as): New helper concept.
	(strong_order, weak_order, partial_order): Constrain with new
	concept instead of using static_assert.
	(compare_strong_order_fallback, compare_weak_order_fallback)
	(compare_partial_order_fallback): Likewise. Do not deduce return
	types. Remove redundant if-constexpr checks.
	* testsuite/18_support/comparisons/algorithms/fallback.cc: New test.