[CodeView] Add a random access type visitor.

[CodeView] Add a random access type visitor.

This adds a visitor that is capable of accessing type
records randomly and caching intermediate results that it
learns about during partial linear scans.  This yields
amortized O(1) access to a type stream even though type
streams cannot normally be indexed.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D33009

llvm-svn: 302936