[wasm][http] Add support for Blob URLs (#42111)

[wasm][http] Add support for Blob URLs (#42111)

* [wasm][http] Add support for Blob URLs

* Modify the string to read `Only 'http' 'https' and 'blob' schemes are allowed.` for browser

* Add more tests

* Add blob Uri marshal test

* Address review comments to add comments within code about intentions.

* Multiple review comments.

- Split Fact into theory instead of specific test for blob.
- Split large test into multiple tests as well as mark it Theory where appropriate.

* Rename

* Add message to other validations as well

* Change name

* Update src/libraries/System.Net.Http/src/Resources/Strings.resx

Co-authored-by: Stephen Toub <stoub@microsoft.com>
* Create partial classes for HttpUtilities to replace the proliferating use of TARGETS_BROWSER in the sources.

* Define and call `HttpUtilities.InvalidUriMessage` to provide the invalid message to be thrown.

* Fix CI Build

* Rename modules to follow current standards

Co-authored-by: Stephen Toub <stoub@microsoft.com>