[LLVM] [MC] Update frame layout & CFI generation to handle frames larger than 2gb...

[LLVM] [MC] Update frame layout & CFI generation to handle frames larger than 2gb (#99263)

Rebase of #84114. I've only included the core changes to frame layout
calculation & CFI generation which sidesteps the regressions found after
merging #84114. Since these changes are a necessary precursor to the
overall fix and are themselves slightly beneficial as CFI is now
generated correctly, I think it is reasonable to merge this first step.

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For very large stack frames, the offset from the stack pointer to a
local can be more than 2^31 which overflows various `int` offsets in the
frame lowering code.

This patch updates the frame lowering code to calculate the offsets as
64-bit values and fixes CFI to use the corrected sizes.

After this patch, additional work is needed to fix offset truncations in
each target's codegen.

(cherry picked from commit ca076f7a63f6a80e2e38315ec462be354b196b8d)