c++: two-stage name lookup for overloaded operators [PR51577]

c++: two-stage name lookup for overloaded operators [PR51577]

In order to properly implement two-stage name lookup for dependent
operator expressions, we need to remember the result of unqualified
lookup of the operator at template definition time, and reuse that
result rather than performing another unqualified lookup at
instantiation time.

Ideally we could just store the lookup in the expression directly, but
as pointed out in r9-6405 this isn't really possible since we use the
standard tree codes to represent most dependent operator expressions.

We could perhaps create a new tree code to represent dependent operator
expressions, with enough operands to store the lookup along with
everything else, but that'd require a lot of careful work to make sure
we handle this new tree code properly across the frontend.

But currently type-dependent operator (and call) expressions are given
an empty TREE_TYPE, which dependent_type_p treats as dependent, so this
field is effectively unused except to signal that the expression is
type-dependent.  It'd be convenient if we could store the lookup there
while preserving the dependent-ness of the expression.

To that end, this patch creates a new kind of type, called
DEPENDENT_OPERATOR_TYPE, which we give to dependent operator expressions
and into which we can store the result of operator lookup at template
definition time (DEPENDENT_OPERATOR_TYPE_SAVED_LOOKUPS).  Since this
type is always dependent (by definition), and since the frontend doesn't
seem to care much about the exact type of a type-dependent expression,
using this type in place of a NULL_TREE type seems to "just work"; only
dependent_type_p and WILDCARD_TYPE_P need to be adjusted to return true
for this new type.

The rest of the patch mostly consists of adding the necessary plumbing
to pass DEPENDENT_OPERATOR_TYPE_SAVED_LOOKUPS to add_operator_candidates,
adjusting all callers of build_x_* appropriately, and removing the now
unnecessary push_operator_bindings mechanism.

In passing, this patch simplifies finish_constraint_binary_op to avoid
using build_x_binary_op for building a binary constraint-expr; we don't
need to consider operator overloads here, as the &&/|| inside a
constraint effectively always has the built-in meaning (since atomic
constraints must have bool type).

This patch also makes FOLD_EXPR_OP yield a tree_code instead of a raw
INTEGER_CST.

Finally, this patch adds the XFAILed test operator-8.C which is about
broken two-stage name lookup for rewritten non-dependent operator
expressions, an existing bug that's otherwise only documented in
build_new_op.

	PR c++/51577
	PR c++/83035
	PR c++/100465

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

	* call.c (add_operator_candidates): Add lookups parameter.
	Use it to avoid performing a second unqualified lookup when
	instantiating a dependent operator expression.
	(build_new_op): Add lookups parameter and pass it appropriately.
	* constraint.cc (finish_constraint_binary_op): Use
	build_min_nt_loc instead of build_x_binary_op.
	* coroutines.cc (build_co_await): Adjust call to build_new_op.
	* cp-objcp-common.c (cp_common_init_ts): Mark
	DEPENDENT_OPERATOR_TYPE appropriately.
	* cp-tree.def (DEPENDENT_OPERATOR_TYPE): Define.
	* cp-tree.h (WILDCARD_TYPE_P): Accept DEPENDENT_OPERATOR_TYPE.
	(FOLD_EXPR_OP_RAW): New, renamed from ...
	(FOLD_EXPR_OP): ... this.  Change this to return the tree_code directly.
	(DEPENDENT_OPERATOR_TYPE_SAVED_LOOKUPS): Define.
	(templated_operator_saved_lookups): Define.
	(build_new_op): Add lookups parameter.
	(build_dependent_operator_type): Declare.
	(build_x_indirect_ref): Add lookups parameter.
	(build_x_binary_op): Likewise.
	(build_x_unary_op): Likewise.
	(build_x_compound_expr): Likewise.
	(build_x_modify_expr): Likewise.
	* cxx-pretty-print.c (get_fold_operator): Adjust after
	FOLD_EXPR_OP change.
	* decl.c (start_preparsed_function): Don't call
	push_operator_bindings.
	* decl2.c (grok_array_decl): Adjust calls to build_new_op.
	* method.c (do_one_comp): Likewise.
	(build_comparison_op): Likewise.
	* module.cc (trees_out::type_node): Handle DEPENDENT_OPERATOR_TYPE.
	(trees_in::tree_node): Likewise.
	* name-lookup.c (lookup_name): Revert r11-2876 change.
	(op_unqualified_lookup): Remove.
	(maybe_save_operator_binding): Remove.
	(discard_operator_bindings): Remove.
	(push_operator_bindings): Remove.
	* name-lookup.h (maybe_save_operator_binding): Remove.
	(push_operator_bindings): Remove.
	(discard_operator_bindings): Remove.
	* parser.c (cp_parser_unary_expression): Adjust calls to build_x_*.
	(cp_parser_binary_expression): Likewise.
	(cp_parser_assignment_expression): Likewise.
	(cp_parser_expression): Likewise.
	(do_range_for_auto_deduction): Likewise.
	(cp_convert_range_for): Likewise.
	(cp_parser_perform_range_for_lookup): Likewise.
	(cp_parser_template_argument): Likewise.
	(cp_parser_omp_for_cond): Likewise.
	(cp_parser_omp_for_incr): Likewise.
	(cp_parser_omp_for_loop_init): Likewise.
	(cp_convert_omp_range_for): Likewise.
	(cp_finish_omp_range_for): Likewise.
	* pt.c (fold_expression): Adjust after FOLD_EXPR_OP change. Pass
	templated_operator_saved_lookups to build_x_*.
	(tsubst_omp_for_iterator): Adjust call to build_x_modify_expr.
	(tsubst_expr) <case COMPOUND_EXPR>: Pass
	templated_operator_saved_lookups to build_x_*.
	(tsubst_copy_and_build) <case INDIRECT_REF>: Likewise.
	<case tcc_unary>: Likewise.
	<case tcc_binary>: Likewise.
	<case MODOP_EXPR>: Likewise.
	<case COMPOUND_EXPR>: Likewise.
	(dependent_type_p_r): Return true for DEPENDENT_OPERATOR_TYPE.
	* ptree.c (cxx_print_type): Handle DEPENDENT_OPERATOR_TYPE.
	* semantics.c (finish_increment_expr): Adjust call to
	build_x_unary_op.
	(finish_unary_op_expr): Likewise.
	(handle_omp_for_class_iterator): Adjust calls to build_x_*.
	(finish_omp_cancel): Likewise.
	(finish_unary_fold_expr): Use build_dependent_operator_type.
	(finish_binary_fold_expr): Likewise.
	* tree.c (cp_free_lang_data): Don't call discard_operator_bindings.
	* typeck.c (rationalize_conditional_expr): Adjust call to
	build_x_binary_op.
	(op_unqualified_lookup): Define.
	(build_dependent_operator_type): Define.
	(build_x_indirect_ref): Add lookups parameter and use
	build_dependent_operator_type.
	(build_x_binary_op): Likewise.
	(build_x_array_ref): Likewise.
	(build_x_unary_op): Likewise.
	(build_x_compound_expr_from_list): Adjust call to
	build_x_compound_expr.
	(build_x_compound_expr_from_vec): Likewise.
	(build_x_compound_expr): Add lookups parameter and use
	build_dependent_operator_type.
	(cp_build_modify_expr): Adjust call to build_new_op.
	(build_x_modify_expr): Add lookups parameter and use
	build_dependent_operator_type.
	* typeck2.c (build_x_arrow): Adjust call to build_new_op.

libcc1/ChangeLog:

	* libcp1plugin.cc (plugin_build_unary_expr): Adjust call to
	build_x_unary_op.
	(plugin_build_binary_expr): Adjust call to build_x_binary_op.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* g++.dg/lookup/operator-3.C: Split out operator overload
	declarations into ...
	* g++.dg/lookup/operator-3-ops.h: ... here.
	* g++.dg/lookup/operator-3a.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/lookup/operator-4.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/lookup/operator-4a.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/lookup/operator-5.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/lookup/operator-5a.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/lookup/operator-6.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/lookup/operator-7.C: New test.
	* g++.dg/lookup/operator-8.C: New test.