[libc++] Optimize for_each for segmented iterators

[libc++] Optimize for_each for segmented iterators

```
---------------------------------------------------
Benchmark                       old             new
---------------------------------------------------
bm_for_each/1               3.00 ns         2.98 ns
bm_for_each/2               4.53 ns         4.57 ns
bm_for_each/3               5.82 ns         5.82 ns
bm_for_each/4               6.94 ns         6.91 ns
bm_for_each/5               7.55 ns         7.75 ns
bm_for_each/6               7.06 ns         7.45 ns
bm_for_each/7               6.69 ns         7.14 ns
bm_for_each/8               6.86 ns         4.06 ns
bm_for_each/16              11.5 ns         5.73 ns
bm_for_each/64              43.7 ns         4.06 ns
bm_for_each/512              356 ns         7.98 ns
bm_for_each/4096            2787 ns         53.6 ns
bm_for_each/32768          20836 ns          438 ns
bm_for_each/262144        195362 ns         4945 ns
bm_for_each/1048576       685482 ns        19822 ns
```

Reviewed By: ldionne, Mordante, #libc

Spies: arichardson, libcxx-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D151274