[libc++] Rewrite the tuple constructors to be strictly Standards conforming

[libc++] Rewrite the tuple constructors to be strictly Standards conforming

This nasty patch rewrites the tuple constructors to match those defined
by the Standard. We were previously providing several extensions in those
constructors - those extensions are removed by this patch.

The issue with those extensions is that we've had numerous bugs filed
against us over the years for problems essentially caused by them. As a
result, people are unable to use tuple in ways that are blessed by the
Standard, all that for the perceived benefit of providing them extensions
that they never asked for.

Since this is an API break, I communicated it in the release notes.
I do not foresee major issues with this break because I don't think the
extensions are too widely relied upon, but we can ship it and see if we
get complaints before the next LLVM release - that will give us some
amount of information regarding how much use these extensions have.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96523