Reduce overhead of SemaphoreSlim.WaitAsync (dotnet/coreclr#24687)

Reduce overhead of SemaphoreSlim.WaitAsync (dotnet/coreclr#24687)

This affects the case where SemaphoreSlim.WaitAsync is invoked, the operation completes asynchronously because there's no count available in the semaphore, and where a timeout and/or a cancellation token is passed to WaitAsync.  In that case, we need to wait for the underlying wait task to complete, for cancellation to be requested, or for the timeout to elapse.

There's currently one code path that handles this.  This change improves that slightly by avoiding a defensive array copy.  However, we can do much better when we get a cancelable token but no timeout, in which case we can avoid operations like Task.Delay, can register with the original cancellation token rather than a new one (which means we avoid forcing a new CancellationTokenSource's lazily-allocated partitions into existence), etc.

Commit migrated from https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/commit/26533de63976cb34eb1224c903128e398ca887d9