libstdc++: Simplify std::optional::value()

libstdc++: Simplify std::optional::value()

The structure of these functions likely dates from the time before G++
fully supported C++14 extended constexpr, so that the throw expression
had to be the operand of a conditional expression. That is not true now,
so we can use a more straightforward version of the code.

We can also simplify the declaration of __throw_bad_optional_access by
using the C++11-style [[noreturn]] attribute so that a separate
declaration isn't needed.

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

	* include/experimental/optional (__throw_bad_optional_access):
	Replace GNU attribute with C++11 attribute.
	(optional::value, optional::value_or): Use if statements
	instead of conditional expressions.
	* include/std/optional (__throw_bad_optional_access)
	(optional::value, optional::value_or): Likewise.