aarch64: Add a simple fixed-point class for costing

aarch64: Add a simple fixed-point class for costing

This patch adds a simple fixed-point class for holding fractional
cost values.  It can exactly represent the reciprocal of any
single-vector SVE element count (including the non-power-of-2 ones).
This means that it can also hold 1/N for all N in [1, 16], which should
be enough for the various *_per_cycle fields.

For now the assumption is that the number of possible reciprocals
is fixed at compile time and so the class should always be able
to hold an exact value.

The class uses a uint64_t to hold the fixed-point value, which means
that it can hold any scaled uint32_t cost.  Normally we don't worry
about overflow when manipulating raw uint32_t costs, but just to be
on the safe side, the class uses saturating arithmetic for all
operations.

As far as the changes to the cost routines themselves go:

- The changes to aarch64_add_stmt_cost and its subroutines are
  just laying groundwork for future patches; no functional change
  intended.

- The changes to aarch64_adjust_body_cost mean that we now
  take fractional differences into account.

gcc/
	* config/aarch64/fractional-cost.h: New file.
	* config/aarch64/aarch64.c: Include <algorithm> (indirectly)
	and cost_fraction.h.
	(vec_cost_fraction): New typedef.
	(aarch64_detect_scalar_stmt_subtype): Use it for statement costs.
	(aarch64_detect_vector_stmt_subtype): Likewise.
	(aarch64_sve_adjust_stmt_cost, aarch64_adjust_stmt_cost): Likewise.
	(aarch64_estimate_min_cycles_per_iter): Use vec_cost_fraction
	for cycle counts.
	(aarch64_adjust_body_cost): Likewise.
	(aarch64_test_cost_fraction): New function.
	(aarch64_run_selftests): Call it.