[ELF][MTE] Add --android-memtag-* options to synthesize ELF notes

[ELF][MTE] Add --android-memtag-* options to synthesize ELF notes

This ELF note is aarch64 and Android-specific. It specifies to the
dynamic loader that specific work should be scheduled to enable MTE
protection of stack and heap regions.

Current synthesis of the ".note.android.memtag" ELF note is done in the
Android build system. We'd like to move that to the compiler. This patch
adds the --memtag-stack, --memtag-heap, and --memtag-mode={async, sync,
none} flags to the linker, which synthesises the note for us.

Future changes will add -fsanitize=memtag* flags to clang which will
pass these through to lld.

Depends on D119381.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D119384