fsverity: rework fsverity_get_digest() again

fsverity: rework fsverity_get_digest() again

Address several issues with the calling convention and documentation of
fsverity_get_digest():

- Make it provide the hash algorithm as either a FS_VERITY_HASH_ALG_*
  value or HASH_ALGO_* value, at the caller's choice, rather than only a
  HASH_ALGO_* value as it did before.  This allows callers to work with
  the fsverity native algorithm numbers if they want to.  HASH_ALGO_* is
  what IMA uses, but other users (e.g. overlayfs) should use
  FS_VERITY_HASH_ALG_* to match fsverity-utils and the fsverity UAPI.

- Make it return the digest size so that it doesn't need to be looked up
  separately.  Use the return value for this, since 0 works nicely for
  the "file doesn't have fsverity enabled" case.  This also makes it
  clear that no other errors are possible.

- Rename the 'digest' parameter to 'raw_digest' and clearly document
  that it is only useful in combination with the algorithm ID.  This
  hopefully clears up a point of confusion.

- Export it to modules, since overlayfs will need it for checking the
  fsverity digests of lowerdata files
  (https://lore.kernel.org/r/dd294a44e8f401e6b5140029d8355f88748cd8fd.1686565330.git.alexl@redhat.com).

Acked-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com> # for the IMA piece
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230612190047.59755-1-ebiggers@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>